Bangladesh in Risk of Earthquake: What Can Be Done on Earthquake.pdf · Bangladesh in Risk of...
Transcript of Bangladesh in Risk of Earthquake: What Can Be Done on Earthquake.pdf · Bangladesh in Risk of...
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Bangladesh in Risk of
Earthquake: What Can Be
Done
Presented By :
Md.Jahangir Alam
Coordinator, Disaster
Management Unit
Dhaka Ahsania Mission
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What are Earthquakes?
• The shaking /ground vibration caused by
the sudden/abrupt release of energy
• Usually associated with faulting or
breaking of rocks
• Continuing adjustment of position results
in aftershocksw
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Richter’s Scale & Measuring Earthquakes
• Earthquakes are recorded by a
“Seismograph” it draws graphs called
“Seismograms” and represents the
propagating waves.
• The Richter scale is a scale that designs a
number to earthquakes for quantify the
energy released.
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Measurement of Magnitude
Magnitude Effects3.5 or Less Don’t Fell
3.5 – 5.4 Cause Minor Damage
5.5 – 6.0 Causing Damage to Building
6.1 – 6.9 Cause Several Damages
7.0 – 7.9 Cause Serious Damages
8.0 or More Total Destruction
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Different types of plates movement
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The Focus and Epicenter of an Earthquake
• The point within Earth where faulting
begins is the focus, or hypocenter
• The point directly above the focus on
the surface is the epicenter
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What are Seismic Waves?
Response of material to the arrival
of energy fronts released by
rupture
• Two types:
– Body waves
• P and S
– Surface waves
• R and L
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Body Waves: P and S waves
Body waves
- P or primary waves
• fastest waves
• travel through solids, liquids, or gases
• compressional wave, material movement is in the same direction as wave movement
– S or secondary waves
• slower than P waves
• travel through solids only
• shear waves - move material perpendicular to wave movement
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Surface Waves: R and L waves
• Surface Waves
– Travel just below or along the ground’s
surface
– Slower than body waves; rolling and
side-to-side movement
– Especially damaging to buildings
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The Economics and Societal Impacts of EQs
• Building collapse
• Fire
• Tsunami
• Ground failure
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Can Earthquakes be Predicted?
Earthquake Precursors
– changes in elevation or tilting of land surface, fluctuations in groundwater levels, magnetic field, electrical resistance of the ground
– seismic dilatancy model
– seismic gaps
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Can Earthquakes be Predicted?
Earthquake Prediction Programs
– include laboratory and field studies of
rocks before, during, and after
earthquakes
– monitor activity along major faults
– produce risk assessments
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Can Earthquakes be Controlled?
• Graph showing the
relationship between the
amount of waste injected
into wells per month and
the average number of
Denver earthquakes per
month
• Some have suggested
that pumping fluids into
seismic gaps will cause
small earthquakes while
preventing large ones
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Earthquake zones of BD
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Faults and tectonic contacts of Bangladesh
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Population under different earthquake zones
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Foundation failure and fault of Dhaka city
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Liquefaction hazard of Dhaka city
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Subsidence hazard of Dhaka city
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Family Readiness
• Create a family Earthquake plan
• Know the safe spot in each room
• Know the danger spots
• Decide where your family will reunite if separated
• Keep a list of emergency phone numbers
• Develop a survival kit for work, car, and home
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Home Preparedness
• Learn how to shut off gas,
water, and electricity
• Check chimneys, roofs, and
wall foundations for stability
• Secure heavy furnishings
• Secure water heater and
appliances
• Keep heavy objects on lower
shelves
• Maintain emergency food,
water, medicine, first aid kit,
tools, and clothing
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Emergency Supplies
• First Aid supplies Band-Aids antibiotic ointment latex
gloves cold/hot packs ace bandages arm sling
Tylenol or Advil diarrhea medication
• Equipment work gloves shovel tents
sleeping bags ready to eat foods clothing
radio, flashlights CASH
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During an Earthquake
• Stay away from windows, bookcases, file cabinets,
heavy mirrors, and other heavy objects that could fall
• Duck under a desk or sturdy table
• Watch for falling plaster or ceiling tiles
• Stay undercover until the shaking stops, and hold onto
your cover
• If the desk or table you are under moves… move with it
• If in your car, stop, but not on a bridge, or under trees or
a power line
• If outside, stay outside, and move to an area clear of
overhead trees, power lines, or objects that could fall
from a structure
• Don’t forget about aftershocks
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After The Earthquake
• Be prepared for aftershocks, plan for cover when they
occur
• Check for injuries, give first aid as necessary
• Remain calm, try to reassure others
• Wear shoes to avoid injury from broken glass
• Check for fire and take appropriate actions
• Check gas, water, and electric lines
• Tune to emergency broadcast system on radio
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