On the evening of July 1, 2016, Bangladesh experi-enced one of its deadliest terror attacks when sixgunmen stormed a café frequented by expatriatesin an affluent neighbourhood in Dhaka, taking dozens ofhostages. Over the course of the standoff, about 20hostages, mostly foreigners, were killed, and two policeofficers died exchanging gunfire with the gunmen. Thenext morning Bangladeshi army commandos launched araid in which five of the gunmen were killed and one wascaptured and the remaining hostages were freed. Onekitchen worker was mistakenly shot dead by commandos.The extremist group IslamicState in Iraq and the Levant(ISIL/ISIS) took credit for theattack, but Bangladeshi authori-ties discounted the claim, sayingthat their investigation had notrevealed any operational linksbetween the attackers and ISIL.

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population (2015):21.1 (world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000 population (2015): 5.6(world avg. 8.1).

Natural increase rate per 1,000 population(2015): 15.5 (world avg. 11.4).

Life expectancy at birth (2015): male 69.0years; female 72.9 years.

DemographyPopulation (2016): 161,261,000.Density (2016)2: persons per sq mi2,997.6, persons per sq km 1,157.4.

Sex distribution (2015): male 48.63%;female 51.37%.

Population projection: (2020)168,740,000; (2030) 184,571,000.

Major cities/metropolitan areas (2011/2014): Dhaka 7,423,137/17,598,000;

Chittagong 2,971,102/4,539,000; Khulna 663,342/1,022,000; Rajshahi440,604/844,000; Sylhet479,837/672,000.

Urban-rural (2014):

Bangladesh

Official name: Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh(People’s Republic of Bangladesh).

Form of government: unitary multipartyrepublic with one legislative house(Parliament [3501]).

Head of state: President Abdul Hamid.Head of government: Prime Minister SheikhHasina Wazed (Wajed).

Capital: Dhaka.Official language: Bengali (Bangla).Official religion: Islam.Monetary unit: Bangladesh taka (Tk); valua-tion (Sept. 1, 2016) 1 U.S.$ = Tk 78.43; 1 £ = Tk 104.31.

Ethnic composition (2011):

Age breakdown (2015):

Religious affiliation (2013):

Area and population area population2011

Divisions Administrative centres sq mi sq km census

Barisal Barisal 5,134 13,297 8,325,666Chittagong Chittagong 13,039 33,771 28,423,019Dhaka Dhaka 12,015 31,119 47,424,418Khulna Khulna 8,600 22,274 15,687,759Rajshahi Rajshahi 7,025 18,195 18,484,858Rangpur3 Rangpur 6,301 16,318 15,787,758Sylhet Sylhet 4,863 12,596 9,910,219TOTAL 56,9774 147,5704 144,043,697

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National economyBudget (2014–15). Revenue: Tk 1,829,540,000,000 (tax revenue 84.9%,

of which taxes on income and profits 30.7%, VAT30.1%, import duties 8.0%; nontax revenue 15.1%).Expenditures: Tk 2,371,180,000,000 (current expenditure65.5%; capital expenditure 34.5%).

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2014): paddy rice 52,231,000, potatoes9,435,150, sugarcane 4,121,350, corn (maize) 1,525,000,jute 1,392,900, wheat 1,302,300, onions 1,168,0007, man-goes, mangosteens, and guavas 950,0007, bananas774,0007, pumpkins, squash, and gourds 375,0007, sweetpotatoes 253,480, garlic 224,0007; livestock (number oflive animals) 55,900,000 goats, 23,488,000 cattle; round-wood 26,944,413 cu m, of which fuelwood 99%;

fisheries production (2013) 3,410,254 (from aquaculture 55%). Miningand quarrying (2013–14): marine salt 1,460,357; granite (2013) 300,000.Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$’000,000; 2011): wearing apparel7,498; textiles 2,963; base metals 2,926; food and food products 2,529;cement, bricks, and ceramics 1,491; chemicals and chemical products959; electrical machinery and apparatus 559.12 Energy production(consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 2012) 49,039,000,000 (43,239,000,-000), by source: fossil fuels 95.9%; renewable energy 4.1%, of whichhydroelectric 4.0%; hard coal (metric tons; 2013–14) 1,220,000 ([2011]1,820,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 2014) 1,460,000 ([2011]10,500,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 2011) 911,000(4,135,000); natural gas (cu m; 2013–14) 23,055,000,000 ([2013]22,860,000,000).

Average household size (2011): 4.4.Population economically active (2013): total (2010) 56,700,000; partici-pation rates: ages 15–64, male 81.7%; female 33.5%; officially unem-ployed (2015) 4.9%, of which youth (ages 15–24) 9.4%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$171,250,000,000 (U.S.$1,080per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$3,330 per capita).

Public debt (external, outstanding; 2014): U.S.$26,433,393,000.Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops or leftfallow 50.6%, in permanent crops 7.5%, in pasture 4.6%, forest area11.1%.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2015):

157,05015 (army 80.3%, navy 10.8%, airforce 8.9%). Military expenditure as percent-age of GDP (2015): 1.1%; per capita expen-diture U.S.$14.

Foreign trade11Imports (2013–14): U.S.$40,732,000,000 (refinedpetroleum products 10.0%, textiles 8.8%, iron andsteel 6.5%, cotton 6.0%, machinery and apparatus5.7%, plastics and rubber products 4.4%, textileyarn 3.7%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013–14): U.S.$27,454,000,000 (knitted orwoven clothing or accessories 68.7%, leather prod-ucts 3.2%, jute products 3.1%, frozen shrimp andfish 1.9%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2012–13): route length(2014) 1,762 mi, 2,835 km; passenger-km8,841,000,000; metric ton-km cargo722,000,000. Roads (2008–09): totallength 166,800 mi, 268,439 km (paved24%). Vehicles (201313): passengercars 289,824; trucks and buses 280,315.

Education and healthLiteracy (2015): total population age 15 andover literate 61.5%; males literate 64.6%;females literate 58.5%.

Health (2011): physicians 51,856 (1 per 2,778persons); hospital beds 86,426 (1 per 1,667 per-sons); infant mortality rate (2015) 44.1; under-nourished population (2006–08) 41,400,000(26% of total population based on the con-sumption of a minimum daily requirement of1,770 calories).

1Includes 50 indirectly elected seats reserved for women. 2Based on the total area excluding the riverarea. 3New division approved January 2010. 4Includes the river area of 3,180 sq mi (8,236 sq km).5Includes Chakma, Saontal, and Marma tribal groups. 6Mostly Roman Catholic. 72012. 8Import duties.9Unemployed. 10Detail does not add to total given because of rounding. 11Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b.12Export processing zone manufactures (particularly ready-made garments) are of the greatest value.13January 1. 14Subscribers. 15Of which deployed as UN peacekeepers 7,246.

Internet resources for further information:• Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics www.bbs.gov.bd• Bangladesh Bank www.bb.org.bd

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2013–14 2010

in value % of total labour % of labourTk ’000,000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry 1,617.4 12.0 25,700,000 45.3Fishing 426.7 3.2Mining and quarrying 216.2 1.6 100,000 0.2Manufacturing 2,214.3 16.4 6,700,000 11.8Construction 975.4 7.2 2,600,000 4.6Public utilities 179.0 1.3 100,000 0.2Transp. and commun. 1,364.7 10.1 4,000,000 7.0Trade, hotels 1,853.5 13.7 8,400,000 14.8Finance, real estate 1,405.7 10.4 1,000,000 1.8Public admin., defense 435.6 3.2 2,300,000 4.0Services 2,175.1 16.1 3,400,000 6.0Other 645.78 4.88 2,600,0009 4.69TOTAL 13,509.210 100.0 56,700,00010 100.010

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 120,35014 75914Landline 2014 1,086 6.9

Internet users 2009 617 3.8Broadband 2014 1,89314 1214

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