Bangalore, India,17-18 December 2012 Teaching standardization to Engineers - CMI experience Knud...

Bangalore, India ,17-18 December 2012

Teaching standardization to Engineers- CMI experience

Knud Erik Skouby,Professor, CMI/ Aalborg University

[email protected]

Joint ITU-GISFI Workshop on “Bridging the Standardization Gap: Workshop on

Sustainable Rural Communications”

(Bangalore, India, 17-18 December 2012)

Standardisation

Standards are specifications that determine the compatibility of different products

(also minimum quality and reference standards)

Standardisation is the process where standards are agreedWhat/ why do we teach to engineers?

Basics of the ‘Information Society’

The rapid technological change has highlighted the stronglink between technological standards, innovation, market performance and economic welfare

The ability to communicate electronically is the foundationStandards enable the electronic communication

2012 INFO SOCIETY

Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 October 2012 4

All people will be served with wireless devicesAffordable to purchase and operateCalm computing: technology invisible to usersMachine to machine communications

• Sensors and tags: e.g. in transport and weather systems, infrastructure, to provide ambient intelligence and context sensitivity

All devices are part of the (mobile) internet

WWRF -2020 Vision: 7 trillion wireless devices

serving 7 billion people

6

7 Trillion Devices in a decade

Knowledge from Data – O2O

Tags

Personalized medicine

Smart meters

Objects Sensors


Need for standardsTechnology: Interworking/interoperability/overall architecture is a mustSocio-economics:Prevention of Market failures

Information asymmetryExternalitiesDevelopment of ‘Natural’ monopolyIPR: Intellectual Property Right

PatentCopyrightDesign registration


Students need to understand the elements – and the relations – in

standardization

InstitutionsDrivers/ barriersProcessesImpact


Institutions

Old Regime: ITUNational sovereigntyJoint provisionInteroperability via

negotiated standards

Present regimeHyper fragmented -and

volatile- “standards market”Myriad of agents in the

standardization process (SDOs, forums, companies)

ICT standards specified in “islands”

End to end monolithic standards are “last millenium”

POLICY MARKET

TECHNOLOGY

Drivers/ Barriers in standards

Digitalization

Computerization

Packet based Switching

Mobile

Next Generation Networks (NGN)

Convergence & converged services

Ambient ICT

Techno-economic efficiency

Cost / prices

Tech development

New infrastructures and services

Enabling of changes

Competitive environment

Creation of adequate infrastructures and services

User empowerment

Applications

RegulationServices

Internet Protocol (IP)

Standardization Proces(ses)

Impact: Winner factors – ‘acceptable’? Be first Luck / coincidence Co-operation with complementary producers Might be the best product, but

Lock-in QWERTY as an example Path dependence / hysterisis

Market failure or ?

Impact Paradox?

FreedomCreativityDynamics

StabilityOrder

Routine

„In fact, fast-changing economies have a greater need for standards and norms.”

A WLL low-cost, low-energy solar panel powered

Sept. 3-5, 2012 14

Evergrowing Spectrum Demand

Work starting to calculate demand in preparation for WRC 2015Not adequate VHF/ UHF bands availablePossible solutions

SharingSatellite occupies 3600 – 4200 MHzLower Broadcasting bandsOr Research new technology techniques

Key success factors

complexity/cost backhaul requirements

business models and usage scenariosspectrum and standardisation

Efficient signallingRealistic deployment scenarios and

performance evaluationSystem architecture aspects and backward

compatibilityCross layer optimisation

CMI course on standardization

Bangalore, India ,17-18 December 2012 17

9 topics are examined in the course:

Economics of standardsTaxonomy of standardsStandardization organizations and processesStandards and innovationStandardization strategiesStandards and business modelsStandards and IPRStandardization and regulationEU approach to standardization and

certification

Economics and taxonomy


The course combines a technology view on standards with an economics and policy approach with focus on economics. The economics of standards are examined with respect to how standards develop in the markets and what their implications are for market developments.At the taxonomy level, the issues of reference, minimum standards, and compatibility standards are dealt with. The course primarily focuses on compatibility standards clarifying also the difference between de facto and de jure standards.

Standardization organizations and processes & Standards and innovation


Following the differentiation between de facto and de jure standards, the categories of standardization setting organization are studied: official standardization organizations; professional organizations; Internet organizations; standardization forums. Furthermore, the processes in the different types of organizations are presented.The mentioned ‘contradiction’ between innovation and the implementation of standards is discussed: standards can be seen as generic and necessary platforms for new innovations to occur.

Standardization strategies & business models


Depending on their position in the markets, the different players may have different interests in promoting standards. Large companies will have an interest in promoting their own standards and may form alliances with other companies in order to further their interests. Examples of standards ‘wars’ are examined. The technology design is an important part of business models. There is, therefore, interdependence between the business models implemented and the technology standards applied. The extent to which specific standards determine the specific business models is discussed.

Standards, IPR & regulation


Part of the standardization strategies relate to the establishment of intellectual property right, patents –and in the case of software, first and foremost copyright. The manner in which IPRs affect the standardization processes is dealt with.Most de jure standards are voluntary. But some standards also become mandatory regulations. In the course, the relationship between standards and regulations are examined.

EU approach to standardization and certification


In order to promote the Internal Market, the European Union has implemented procedures to secure a common approach to standardization and certification in general. The EU approach is examined in order to get a broader view on standardization than the issue of compatibility standards.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Standardization @ universities: an academic discipline

Theory MethodologyData/ factsUnderstand the process

ComplicatedNot ‘in it self’/ by natureIt is multidisciplinary

Research needed


”Wireless Mobile Communications from WW1 (Sommes 1918)

The use of pigeonsWas not cancelledFrom the Danish Military Budget until 1995

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