Bananal, Frederic 11, 214 Bananal, November 15, 2003

To THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ACADEMY OF CHINA (VER.III)

" A special convergence of influences, on everything social, it

disposed the Chinese Civilization to develop the fetishism, besides whatever it was elsewhere possible. Better systematized that in any other case, it prevailed on the theologism, and it preserved a third of our species, of the regimen of the breeds, in spite of the hereditariness of the professions. It overcame it all the heterogeneous contacts and it conserved your national ascendancy, in the middle of the mixtures, tolerated of what consecrated, of the external polytheism, without ever welcoming the monotheism. The cult there consists above all, in the adoration of the Earth and of the Sky... According to the concrete character of the Chinese sociability, whose results to main imperfection, of the lack of the abstract development, the “Space”, there gets confused with the group of the heavenly bodies, under the pulse astrolatic. Purged by the relativity, this institution will be subordinated the Humanity easily, in a people, where the social destination, always prevails. " (Auguste Comte - Subjective Synthesis or Sociology Treaty, Vol. I. Introduction, pages 22-23)

To thePEOPLE AND TO THE GOVERNMENT

Of the

Zhongua Renmin GongheguoPopular Republic of China

A SUGGESTION FOR THE ECONOMICAL POLITICS REFORM,

With base, in thePositivist Doctrine and in the Oriental Fetishism,

To avoidThe Unemployment of Mass, in the Chinese Population.

INTRODUCTION

At this time, in that am writing a Prototype of a Brazilian Republican Societocratic Federative Constitution; and knowing of the current impossibility, of suggesting economical plans, for my Homeland, that they come to alter substantially, the western economical system, of the Democratic Capitalist Imperialism, with this Liberalism Globalization, that nothing has of CONFRATERNIZATION, proposed by the American Imperialism, that he has need to promote, the HUMAN SELFISHNESS, the expansionism and the consumerism, mainly of the superfluous ones, before all they have the necessary to maintain yours existence; I decided to approach of this Oriental Millenarian Civilization, CHINA, that already reached a degree of cultural and social homogeneity, without parallel, thousands of years before the birth of the Western cultures; and that after greatness and decadences, repeated deaths and resurrections, it still exhibits today, the same physical and mental vitality, of your periods of larger creation; there is not in the world more vigorous people or more worker, with foundations altruistic, nor more adaptable the circumstances, nor so resistant to the disaster; therefore, he has everything to demonstrate the World and the Humanity, that it is not for the communism, for the fascism, for the nazism and much less for the capitalist democracy, that will be here happier in Mother Earth's kingdom; and yes for LABORIST SOCIOCRACY, Regimen this suggested, for the perception of a great French brain, the Master of the Masters, the Scientific Philosopher, Altruistic and high character, Auguste Comte; and that simultaneously it is accompanied of an Education that subordinates, the selfishness to the Altruism, the rights to the Duties, the analysis to Syntheses and the Progress (Proletarian) to the Order (Patronal); summarizing, subordinating the personality or individuality to the Sociability.

We don't have doubt, that China will produce very more wealth than USA them, and come to lead the world, not of the superfluous ones, but in the necessary ones.

Nor the capital of the weapons, nor the tyranny of the foreign financier capital, they can supply such a rich nation in recourses and vitality.

Between 30 to 50 years, if the Chinese Governors don't was corrupter, or if they be not deceived, once again, for the illusory proposals and demagogues from of the Westerners capitalist democracy, China, will civilize the foreigners to your way, and it will assimilate all the modern and contemporary technologies; communication means, highways and means of transportation, that will give it unit; a new economy-politics modality, will give it the Capital; and a Government of a Republican Pronounceature, with base in a Political Societocratic Federative Republic Constitution of CHINA, that will favor it and it will maintain, the Order and the Progress.

In this pacifist socialist regimen, where the disorder passes, and it is balanced with Republican Pronounceature; where the old obstacles are removed; and a lot of times the Revolution, as the death and the fashion, to be

equivalent to a removal of residues and the suppression of superfluous things; it only befalls, when there is many ready things to die.

The China in your long past, already died a lot of times; and never left of to be born again, because your People, stays in a Religion or Doctrine, with base in the MILLENARIAN ASTROLATIC FETICHISM; and it never absorbed the Theology and the Metaphysics. It is at this time, it is absorbing the sciences and your respective technologies; from direct of Fetishist Intelligence's phase, for the Scientific or Positive Intelligence's phase, without passing for the phases of theological and metaphysical intelligence, that the great majority of the Western civilizations, they are still living; promoting great delay, in the Moral and Social plan of your civilizations; where it is always intended, with Wars and Plans high Economical competitiveness, to think in solving crises of Moral order.

FOREWORD OF THE ARTICLE.

Before start up, the subject with the reference theme, to be proposed TO THE PEOPLE AND THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT - A SUGGESTION OF THE ECONOMICAL POLITICS REFORM; with base, in the Positivist Doctrine and in the Oriental Fetishism, to avoid the Unemployment in Mass, of the Chinese Population, and same times, to maintain the culture and traditions of your people, always ahead, of the you influence evil of the western exterior; I found for well, to alert that the positivists, of at a long time, it is admiring, defending and honoring, this Millenarian Civilization, not only through Auguste Comte, in your works; as for Pierre Laffitte - your direct disciple, with the book, General Considerations on the Conjoined of the Chinese Civilization and about the Relationships of the Occident with China " - 1859/1860; and with Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, Apostle of the Humanity, with your " Cordial Appeal to the Chinese People - 1924 " where Tcheng-Tsai and Koung-Fou-Tzeu are mentioned (Confucius)

With the modern technologies of communication and transport, the most remote of Far East, no longer more distant, we found the people of a civilization, that deserves an incommensurable respect; that he grows in a constant and progressive way, whose contacts with the Occident increase day by day, from of the time of Marco Pole's narratives; however, it was with the Jesuits, that we owed, finally, a first more serious knowledge of the Greatness of China.

A general appreciation and systematic, of the Chinese civilization, it could only be accomplished after Auguste Comte discovered the Abstract Law of the Intellectual Evolution - General Theory of the Understanding and Universal Laws of the World Earthly; before that, it was impossible to put somebody, in a point of view truly relative, and to place, consequently in a complete mental independence in relation to the previous states of the human intelligence.

All people that said intelligent, that it has been undertaking the study of China, they were and they are, dominated, or for the Theology, or for the Metaphysics or for the Pure Science (Positive Science).

But with certainty, none of these three dispositions are convenient, for a definitive appreciation and it completes, of the Chinese civilization, because they conceive each phenomenon, as produced by the own will of Being, that represents it; this to Being also has passions, feelings, moral dispositions, that perfectly link it to the corresponding observer. Consequently, of course, that the image of each one of these Beings; they appear with an action, a clearness, an intensity, that cannot have among the observers, for which these bodies are completely inert, and any species of affective relationship, has with them. It is evident that this summons hate relationship, of benevolence, of cholera, and etc., among the Being observed and the observer, it should necessarily produce a clearer or nitid image and a more alive representation.

This form of ratiocinating by Fetishism, institutes the concrete observation, that is, the Beings observations, with a power that is him own, and it supplies like this the concrete images, that soon after they serve as base, to the abstract contemplation or observation of the phenomenon: observing as it happens the phenomenon, and not why happens it - See, in Cerebral Theory of Auguste Comte - in the book: The Theoretical Moral Science Positive, or Science of the Construction or Scientific Psychology, in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista

Like this, the Fetishism reunite the materials of all our speculations, any, and it represents this capital fact, so much in the individual's development, as in the one of the species Homo-sapiens; but with certainty not of the species, Homo-economicus and Homus-psicologus, that promote now, the destruction for the hunger, for the poverty, for the diseases, for the corruption’s and for the wars.

The Fetishism, reduced to the observation of the Beings, for this reason, it comport few divagations.

As the divagations of the human intelligence, according to the Auguste Comte Abstraction Theory, it depends, of the consideration of the phenomenon, independent of the bodies, that they manifest them; he results then with effect, the possibility to conceive the phenomenon, in an infinity of conditions, besides those, of the ones that has room in reality. Like this, it is studied the locomotion phenomenon, in himself, instead of not appreciating, or else, real Beings in movement; it is gotten then to imagine the locomotion, in an infinity of cases, that the concrete observation never makes to know; it is gotten to notice the locomotion on the water, in the sea, for all and any Being; it is gotten to conceive the abstraction done of the time, that is, with an infinite speed. In a word, the abstract study of the phenomenon allows an infinity of possible cases, in the minds of the theologists and metaphysicians; while the concrete observation, doesn't make to know except, the real cases in the minds of the Fetishist and of the Positivists or Scientists.

The institution of the Abstraction, due to the Polytheism, establishes for the intelligence an activates situation, however unstable and exposed constantly them summon divagations.

The Fetishism on the contrary, limited to the observation of the Beings, not taking in consideration except the real cases, and not the possible cases, that the abstraction allows to imagine; it offers a mental state, without a doubt, less active, but of a great consistence and of a perfect legitimacy.

The Fetishism is naturally synthetic, because it never considers separately the phenomena, but always in your mutual dependencies; but it is not systematic: the systematization always supposes the abstraction. The Fetishic state, doesn't hold the characteristic development, of the several essential aspects of our nature. It doesn't allow like the development of the great science, that is, of the abstract science, that has for purpose to discover the real laws of succession or of likeness, of the several phenomena.

Because, only in the phenomenon considered separately, it is that can hope to discover the natural laws that govern them. The real scientific development necessarily supposes the establishment of the abstraction. Here is one of the great aspects of our nature, whose development cannot be produced during the Fetishism State. The fetishism is like this a synthetic state, susceptible duration, of consistence, but that doesn't facilitate the culture of the several elements of the human nature, and that doesn't hold your true systematization.

The Fetishism has been spontaneously universal. It is the mental state for

which has been inaugurating all the intelligences; it is the starting point of all the social states. And of more the plus, the reason or intelligence concrete or practical, stayed fetishist, even in the civilizations previous to the monotheic state.

Same those that admit an only God, governing all the things, they explain

the ordinary life, of the several phenomena, for the corresponding will, more or less nitid, more or less clear, of the Beings that observe.

This concrete reason, that stayed fetishist, it is the reason general, universal, that dominates all the intelligences.

The part of the intelligence, known as abstract contemplation, that systematizes and it coordinates, didn’t have here or else, a modifier action. It can be said that the popular classes, in all the regimens, they have been conserving the Fetishism as base of your mental state. - Being still the Fetishism in all your social states, truly universal, because it is the base of the concrete contemplation, and of a capital importance, when establishing the character of stability, that is it own; and on the contrary, the character of inherent instability to the theologism, that institutes the abstraction, without regulating her, already a beginning of free will. Like this being, this essential proposition, will make us better to understand the

relationship that should exist and it will necessarily exist, more and more, among the Fetishism, that is Spontaneously Universal and the Positivism, that is Systematically Universal.

Like this, only the Positivism renders a justice to the Fetishism, finally, developing it and incorporating it.

There is not doubt, that there was real usefulness, in placing, the whole conjoint of the theologism, in your true position, as an intermediate and transitory form, among the two fundamental states of the human Intelligence: the Fetishism - (Theologism - Metaphysics) - and Positive or Scientific.

This way, we can understand now, the importance of the Chinese civilization; civilization essentially fetishist, that grew in this sense, with a stability, a potentiality and a greatness truly admirable.

I wait that this long article, clear, and come to have a great Political and Moral importance; because the relationships of the Occident with China, as of rest with all the parts of the Planet, still has nowadays, a immoral character, anarchical and disturbing.

1) We are still far away, to have the positivism protection, that will show your exclusive aptitude, for the direction of the terrestrial businesses; but we will appreciate firstly, a General Idea of the Chinese Civilization, in what refers to your Modifier Essential Elements, and later your Concrete Development.

2) Soon after, we will appreciate, the highest type of this civilization, of the intellectual and moral point of view, that is summarized, your fundamental spirit, the Eminent Koung-Fou-Tzeu, that is, CONFUCIO, object of the deep Veneration of the Inhabitants of the GREAT CHINESE CIVILIZATION.

3) IN THIRD PLACE, we will examine what it has been historically the relationships of the Occident, with the China.

4) The Chinese Immigrants, that Lived in the Bananal Province, where residue, State of São Paulo - Brazil, in the Century XIX, and they left your descendants here.

We will expose some preliminary information, and later we will approach each topic above described:

Preliminary information:

· The Mental Base of the Chinese Civilization

· The Intellectual and Moral Consequences, of the Mental Base of the Chinese Civilization

· General Character of the Chinese Family.

· General Character of the Chinese Society. For then, we describe:

1) A General idea of the Chinese Civilization, in what refers to yours: 1.1) Modifier Elements: Lao-Tseu Philosophy - Buddhism – Catholicism -

Colonialism / capitalism – Republic Revolution – Dr. Sun-Yat-sen – Communism Revolution of Mao Zedong - Cultural Revolution of the Proletariat - Crises of the Bourgeois Liberalism - Structural Reforms - The Migrations of the Field for Cities, the enrichment of the City Proletarians and the impoverishment of the field Proletarians - Globalization - Privatization and the Unemployment; the Beginning of the Democratic Capitalist Chaos. THE SOCIETOCRATIC REDEMPTION.

1.2) The General Theory of the Concrete Development of the Chinese Civilization:

1.2.1) First - The Interior Development, of an Industrial and Peaceful Society, about the double direction: of the Monocratic Power and an Administrative Class (Lettered); recruited through regular exams, in all the Social Levels of your population up to 1905 a. C. That is, a summary Theory of the two forces that they drove the development of the Chinese Civilization: Emperor and Lettereds Class. 1.2.2) Second – The Decomposition of the Chinese Evolution Conjoint, in your Seven (7) Essential Phases.

1.2.2.0) From the Remote Antiquity and Slave Society: before the Chinese State Structural Organization - 1.700.000 years up to 2860 B. C. - Legendary Governors.

1.2.2.1) General appreciation of the First Phase of the Chinese Civilization (From 2850/2 years B.C. to the year 207 B.C.), - and the Xia Dynasty (Hsi) the oldest, that began in 2070 B.C.; going by the Shang Dynasty - (1600 B.C. AT 1046 B.C.), passing, also for the three dynasties of Zhou (Chou); until the end of the Ch´in Dynasty. (Qin) (Thsin) - in the year 210/207 B. C., with the First Emperor, Thsin-chi-hoang-ti (Yingzheng): among the years 230 B. C. at 222/221 B.C.

1.2.2.2) The appreciation of the Second Phase of the Chinese Civilization, from the year 206 B.C. through several dynasties

of Han, of Thang, of Soung, of Youens or Mongoes, of Ming, and of Thai-Thsing or Mandchús or Qing (1911). It is in this period from 1644 to 1911, in the Qing dynasty, where begins more strongly, the influences of the " Barbarians " - Western, until the First Republic Revolution in 1911, with Dr. Sun-Yat-sen - Period in that found a retrograde New Era, of the years from 1840 A .C., that extends up to 1919 A .C. - Known nowadays by Chinese, as Modern Epoch.

1.2.2.3) The appreciation of the Third Phase of the Chinese Civilization, the revolution, initiate with the Movement of May 4, 1919 - the Communist Movement, with Mao Zedong - up to 1949; This Period of 1919 at 1949 A .C., it was known, in the day today, in China, as Revolution of the New Democracy and the period of the New Republic. Of 1949 up to 1976, with the creation of the Popular Republic of China, with base in the Mao Zedong Communism. Great Cultural Revolution. 1.2.2.4) The appreciation of the Fourth Phase of the Chinese Civilization - THE Great Internal Chaos - the Evolution with Globalization - of the decade of 1970 to today - 2004. - Internal conflict between the Capitalism and the Communism - Unemployment - Concentration of Income and Maximization of Miserable.

1.2.2.5) The appreciation of the Fifth Phase of the Chinese Civilization - as Future Republic Societocratic Federative of China, using at the International Market, the forces of the Democratic Capitalism; and in the Internal Market, using Societocratic Laborite’s forces. Minimizing this way, internally in China, the Communism and the Democracy. 1.2.2.6) The Future Republic Societocratic Federative of China - with a Republican Pronounceature - of Labor stamp; emanating for the World, the guidelines of the Humanity's Normal state, through the Humanity's Religion - in the command Moral, Spiritual and Practical of the World, tends as base: The Love for Beginning; the Order for Base and the Progress for Objective. Making definitively to happen the fall of the democratic capitalism and of the communism of State, both individualists, of stamp highly selfish; for the Well-being Social and Moral of the Humanity.

2) The Eminent Koung-Fou-Tzeu, that is, CONFUCIUS, object of the deep Adoration of the Inhabitants of the GREAT CHINESE CIVILIZATION; Abstract

Appreciation of Confucius and of yours it influences on the Chinese Civilization conjoined.

2.1) General consideration about the Intellectual evolution of China, and about the general situation in the middle in that Confucius appeared.

2.2) Appreciation of the work and the life of Confucius.

2.3) General considerations on the Confucius School or Lettereds School.

3) The relationships of the Occident, with China.

3.1) Preliminary considerations about the General situation of the Occident, in himself, and with the remaining of the Planet, in the beginning of the Second half of the Century XIX (1860 A.C.)

3.2) Summary exam of the Relationships of the Occident with China and of the state of these relationships, in the middles of the Century XIX. (1860 A.C.)

3.3) Of the general beginnings, according to the ones which, have been regulate the relationships of the Occident with China, in the middles of the Century XIX. (1860 A.C.)

4) The Chinese Immigrants, that they lived in the City of Bananal Province, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in the Century XIX and they left your descendants here.

Let us see the Preliminary Information:

a) The Mental Base of the Chinese Civilization.

The Fetishism firstly Spontaneous and later systematized by the celestial fetishes adoration, period of the astrolatic fetishism, it is the mental base of the Chinese civilization: such it is the fundamental proposition, that it is necessary to put in every evidence, to do to understand, the true intelligence of this civilization.

As all and any society, necessarily are inaugurates for the Fetishism, and China didn't flee the rule, however, received a true systematization, that printed her, a consistence and an immense development, in way to become the base of the social evolution, of this great population; although in different moments of your history, have disintegrated if in means to great conflicts; but it always existed an uninterrupted continuity, from the birth, 5.000 years ago, where we can ratify the exposed, in the scientific proofs of the bed of the Yellow river - Huangle.

In other countries, the fetishism left unanswerable and numerous vestiges; in China, it was conserved, he persisted and he developed.

If we consider the several temples, the numerous altars, that were constructed, in this vast territory, we noticed that they are dedicated to the rivers, the mountains, the forests, and the constellations, to the principal planets, to the Sky and the Earth. The Cult to tumulus, it is in China, very developed, familiar for all; it is organized for people that don't have faith beyond in the life after the death. Because the one that is soul, or else, resulting fetishes, from our mortal spoils, and that second point of view, they conserve an activity way, that they are they own.

The death as it is conceived by the theology and for the metaphysics, it doesn't exist for Fetishist; the death is not anything plus, to your eyes, which a vitality way, substituted by other. Then this contempt for the death, verified by the western theologism, totally ignored, which us here in the Occident we called life of the beyond tumulus, apparent contradiction that the theology verified without can to be able, to solve her.

In China, the Fetishism was systematized, for the cult of the Sky, and this remote systematization, to the own origin this People civilization.

The Sky, is indeed for Chinese, the preponderant fetish; it is Being powerful,

whose action, coordinates the activity of all the other Beings. But this dominance is preponderant, without to be absolute; this is an essential character that should notice. In the theologism, mainly in the monotheism, the supernatural power, has an absolute character, and an arbitrary will; not happening the same in the Fetishism; there is in him, in contact, a preponderant will, in relationship with the others spontaneous wills, tends your law, a way of being different. In the Fetishism, the preponderant Being, whose activity coordinates and it dominates all the others, it is the Sky.

It is about this great notion, that the philosophers and the legislators of

China, leaned on to regulate the Chinese civilization. It is possible, an idea of the evolution, of this civilization, can be delineated, followed for the Chinese legislators, for them to arrive, to this systematic conception of the Sky.

The Sky is the common See, patent and visible of the heavenly bodies. The heavenly bodies have an activity it interns and unanswerable. È certain that the group of the human life, she find regulated, for the march, of the most powerful of these bodies than they surround us, The Sun; the such point that the Sun became the preponderant fetish, in a big one numbers of Social States. But if the heavenly bodies, it has such great activity; it is evident that the Sky - Thian, your See, common, it should be the largest of the Beings.

Usually the theologism, investigate:

(T) _____ Will be that the philosophers and the Chinese population, do they really love the visible SKY, what the Theologism noticed?

______But because not?

_______Will be that it is more reasonable and natural, to love the Being

subjective, what did nobody never see, and nor, that we will never see?

Doesn't have this Being, the SUN, an extreme power on us, because it is the See of the Beings, what more influence has, about our existence?

It is of frightening that is adored or loves your activity as preponderant.

When the most immediate observation, to proof us, that is true.

It is the disposition, that created us the metaphysical state, basing in the it intended inertia of the matter, that turns the intelligence, absolutely inapt, to understand the Fetishism; that it is, in the bottom, much more near to the scientific or positive, that the theology; because that, your only mistake, is not sufficiently to distinguish the bio-physical–chemical and psycho performance of the life, of the it activities.

The second great fetish of China, subordinate to the first, is the Earth. To

this second systematic element of the Chinese fetishism, it is linked the adoration of the rivers, of the mountains, as they are to the Sky, to the Moon, to the Planets, and to the Constellations.

The Earth is a Being, powerful and active, dominating the activity of the Beings that are in your surface. It was natural that primitively, if adored this Being, the which, in the beginning, don’t have done, nor could do, the separation among the life activity; and in which was inevitable to suppose, that the activity it was owed, as occur in the man; that a group hold a certain dominant tendency.

We found this adoration by the Earth, in all civilizations. In what it remains

us of the Greek theology we noticed evident vestige, of this adoration or veneration: " This Mother Earth, of all the men, protecting of all Beings, this common Mother”

Was in the language, a very big amount of expressions that remember this primitive adoration. There is a moral disposition and very universal, that it is essentially fetishist, and that results of this consecration of the Earth: it is the love to the native soil, this love, that makes to love the own place, and to him it links us deeply; of course it is a feeling fetishist, and that should obey; because it can be of a discharge effectiveness moral, and same mental, under a convenient direction. These special tendencies, that they link us to certain portions of the earth, the relics, etc., etc., that do with that we render them reverence, affections, are fetishist dispositions; and they are the proof of the very evident, of this deep tendency to

conceive the Earth, not only as active, in spite of the metaphysical hallucination, but also as lives, lively of feeling, of will and of moral relationship, with us.

Like this, the adoration of the Earth, among Chinese, links to a deep love to

the native soil.

The proofs of this systematization in China, of the fetishist cult, to the Sky and the Earth, are of such a numerous luck that becomes embarrassments in your choices, for us to mention in this work. In Peking for instance, among nine big - Alters - we found following the pre-eminence order: Altar of the Sky. The Altar of the Sky is part of the Temple of the same name, " Tian Tan ", built during the Ming dynasty. It is placed in the old part of the city, in the Tian Tan Square. The architecture of the century XV, with your red walls and gold ornamentation, is typical of the Ming dynasty; later we have the Altar of the Prayers, to obtain the fruits of the Earth abundantly; Altar of the New Sun, Altar of the Night Moon, etc., etc..

Everywhere of China, we found altars consecrated to the Sky and the Earth; it is this base of the Cult of the People, the cult official of the State; the other cults are tolerated; that is officially the cult instituted. There are other consecrated altars, to the Planets, to the Constellations, to the several manners of activity of the Earth, to the rivers etc., etc; that have been maintain until today, with view to maintain the Chinese Unit.

The fetishism cult is the official cult, regularly organized for the State. In certain times, organized for the rites, above all at that time of the solstices and of the equinoxes - the Mandarins - public employees, for training Confucian exercised the official acts of the cult to the Sky, to the Earth, and etc.. The two points in that the eclíptica cuts the celestial equator; they call themselves nodes or equinoxes. The half of the road among the equinoxes produces the solstices, of the summer and of the winter.

Besides the special temples, own to each place, the capitals of each province, department and canton, they should always have the following temples: Altar to the Earth, Altar dedicated to the winds, to the clouds, to the thunder, to the rain, to the mountains and the riversides; an altar dedicated to the first farmer; a dedicated temple to the literature; a temple dedicated to the emperors' series, that have governed China; a temple to the Ursa Major Constellation; a temple dedicated to the ditches, that surround and they keep the city; a temple to the demon, that produces the diseases; a honorary temple dedicated to the celebrated ministers of State, for the services that rendered China and your State; a honorary temple dedicated to the wise persons of the villages; a honorary temple, dedicated to the men, that were models of happiness, of honesty, of rightness and of filial mercy; a honorary temple, the girls that were distinguished, for your eminent chastity; the married women, that were distinguished for your virtues and for your shame. -Here is the official cult. If we not considering consecrated temples, it exists

in China, a big one numbers of monastery and of religious buildings belonging to the Tao-ensses and to the Buddhists.

The Chinese civilization has for mental base the Systematic Fetishism, for the adoration of the Sky and of the Earth.

Same knowing of these adorations to the Sky and the Earth, we should

increase to this respect, some indirect considerations. The Love to the Natal Soil, feeling essentially fetishist, is very developed in

the Chinese people; but it still exists among them, a characteristic tendency to that respect; it is the deep love to the nature - this disposition that is contradictory and unfriendly to every theological spirit, mainly in the monotheism, however exists eminently developed among Chinese; and this, is perfectly related with the fundamental preponderance of the fetishism, conserved in the Chinese people.

" Among us the Westerners, we loved the flowers, due to your visual beauty; among Chinese, they fall in love with them. What pleases us in a garden, it is the variety of colors, the beauty for the varieties of the species; however for Chinese, each plant, is object of true cult, a type of mystic love, that inspires a great part of your poetries by itself; of the romances, of the history, and even in the habits of your private life; they are examples of that true and passionate love. Important Magistrates are invited mutually they come to admire her your peonias and your marigolds.

It is spoken in the monuments of Chinese literature, of a type of ecstasy, that the senses of the Westerners, were not educated to perceive and to understand; and that it consists of being benumb, with the plants images, trying to surprise, for a continuous attention, the progresses of your developments " Mr. Hervey-Saint-Denys

It is unanswerable, what Mr. Hervey-Saint-Denys said, An interesting romance of habits, Iu-Kiao-Li or the Two Cousins; this love of

nature flowers, with innermost habit, of our private life, it is shown in the way most delicate, affectionate and naive. They are of these information that the feeling of happiness and of caress, for your conservation, that affect the fetishism intelligence, it tends to develop for feedback, in our sentimental formation; sharpening the altruism and compressing the selfishness. There is not doubt, that this feeling of attachment, for the external world, as for the flowers, etc., it is a type of sweetening of the Chinese habits; this positive moral disposition, was born again in the Occident, more and more that the theologism decrease; the theological intelligence had put him fetter, without destroy her.

Finally, this preponderance of the Systematized Fetishism, for the cult of the

Sky and of the Earth, it is still shown in the habits of the Chinese life, for the Family theory, of the happy and unfortunate days; fetishist theory, of the which exist still numerous vestiges among us, of the Occident.

We can guarantee like this that " the Chinese civilization has for mental base, the Systematized Fetishism, for the adoration of the Sky, whose preponderant will, is regulate and to govern all the others Beings existent ".

b) The Intellectual and Morals consequence, of the Mental Base of the

Chinese Civilization We will dedicate now to analysis the intellectual and moral consequences of

the fundamental base, of the Chinese Civilization.

Results from the preponderance of the fetishism, a great development of the concrete contemplation. Then an extreme sagacity, a precision, that same we can say, a true precise detail, in the observation of the Being. These characters are shown in all your scientific productions; productions that consist essentially, in descriptions and not in abstract theories, similar the one of the Occidental countries. However this spirit of observation, is shown in your paintings, about plants and flowers, so notables, for your extreme form to register the reality.

The second character, general consequence of that civilization, is the

absence of fables, among the Chinese thinkers. In all the theological populations we found legislators, and even philosophers, they fall back upon supernatural interventions more or less, and this spontaneously, under it preponderant influences, of the social ambient that dominates them.

Nothing of that, among Chinese, happens; and it is this a character, that has

been impressing, the judicious observers, that they study a civilization, without to have remounted to the origin of this phenomenon.

Nor Confúcio, nor Meng-tseu or Mencio, nor your successors ran over those you influence miraculous among the theological populations. They eliminate these arbitrary influence of the gods and of the geniuses; they the Beings, they verify the conditions of your evolution, and they explain to them for the it influences of the visible and real Beings.

But there is need to observe, that this mental state, in that the abstraction, it

was not instituted systematically, it has been producing, in this civilization a double gap; nor the high art and nor the science, they were able to develop, as it happened in Europe

The science is necessarily abstract. The science consists, with effect, in

discovering the laws of the several different phenomena, geometric, physical, chemical, biological, considered in himself and independent of the bodies, that manifest them; the real science, the only that it holds the discovery of true laws, need necessarily of the abstraction or abstract operation.

The same with reference to the art. The great art was ignored of the Chinese civilization, because the eminent and high art rests in the idealization. Now, every idealization supposes the abstraction, second the one which, certain circumstances are eliminated, and it can be exaggerated or to depreciate the properties considered separately of the Being.

The idealization, that is, the creativity, it cannot never result of the concrete

contemplation or pure observation of the Being; contemplation that doesn't never surpass, the straits limits of the reality. It is for the abstraction, but real abstraction, that one can conceive true types of ideals and though possible.

For consequence, nor the great creations of the positive sciences, nor the

great esthetic creations could emanate from this civilization.

Such phenomenon impressed many observers, without they could remount, for lack of a general theory, the origin of this fact. Like this in China, the literary works impress a lot, for a great reality character. They are romances of habits, theatre piece; advisable pictures for a simple and true painting of the real life. But the great works idealized the way of Homero and of Dante, it has always been lacking them.

Your scientific development, was always very elementary; the one that

Chinese had of science, came them, mainly of the Hindus, of the Muslims, of the Christians, and until today it has been coming from foreign, where they knew how to take advantage of and still of the fetishist phase they enter in the scientific phase, of the great development; safe this sketch that always results of an spontaneous evolution of the positive intelligence.

The deep imperfection that resulted from the mental base of the Chinese

civilization was the cause that generates the impossibility, of a great scientific and esthetic development.

The persistence of the fetishism, developed in China, in the Moral point of view, the fatality feeling and of the order, at the same time that a disposition to the discipline, not absolute but relative, with a character that approximates of the true scientific subordination, in function of the execution of the Duties.

The Beings observation, above all, when it is arrived, with reference to the

heavenly bodies, to verify your regular march, it necessarily develops the feelings subordination and of the order; the theological abstraction to the opposite, institutes the progress notion; but of a progress primitively anarchical; undergoes the external order, represented, for the regular wills of the preponderant fetishes; but this subordination, base of all moral, doesn't have an absolute character, sees as the correspondent Being, doesn't have a limited power except. This will still be understood better, comparing under this relationship: the fetishism with the theologism.

In China, nor boss, nor subjects, they tried the desmoralizing influence of the type of the divine arbitrary.

Which is with effect, the divine type? It is it of the arbitrary; an omnipotent Being cannot be had cares. The true devotement, as the true wisdom, always supposes a certain

submission, or better, certain humility. A Being omnipotent, it can impose obligations, but such obligations, are not

of your part, or else simple fantasies, that your only will engenders. Such type will owe with the walk of the time, to exercise one influence, more or even demoralizing, on the bosses and on the subjects. On the bosses, taking them to imitate this arbitrary type.

Consisting the supreme power, in not knowing limits, to your wills, won't it be

the man's supreme happiness, in knowing any limit to your fantasies?

The attentive observers, have not they been consisting, the deep selfishness what the omnipotence develops, done consecrate us bosses, for the intelligence theocratic?

But this influences also shows in the subjects, acting in the same way,

impelling them approximate her, as type of happiness, not of a activates and regulated submission, but of a situation that allows, the more it completes evolution, of our fantasies. On the other side, the theologism tends to develop in the subjects, the subordination, with a character more or less accentuated of baseness, of humiliation, because it is absolute, and consists of submitting, the all the cares, for the only fact, that they emanate of a superior Being. The one that on another side, gives a deeply anarchical character to the independence; that comes then as a revolt.

It was the wisdom of the several theological clergies that repaired so much

as possible, these inherent inconveniences to your doctrines.

China avoided the moral inconveniences, of a similar type, precisely because, the Being that constitute the base of your cult, they are not gods, but fetish; that is, real Being, tends a power, more or less big, but not absolute; to can alias regulated, as we see in the habitual march of the heavenly bodies.

We can verify the happy effects, of this persistence of the fetishism. Among Chinese, the positive real submission, doesn't impel nor the flattery

nor to the theological disorder. It is perhaps one of the your influence, more important and fewer noticed, in the domain of the fetishism in the Chinese civilization.

The largest number of observers, in certain times, considered Chinese, as a

people submitted to an arbitrary domain; assimilating, under this aspect, your regimen to the Islamic government in decadence. That is, a great mistake. A deep submission, combines among them, with a feeling very Real of independence.

Many Chinese philosophers, it has always been establishing, that the emperors, governed by virtue of a mandate of the Sky; mandate that could be retired; what is verified by the lingering persistence, that a terrible government; and the history of China, for all the times, the succession of your numerous dynasties, proves sufficiently, that this theory, doesn't constitute a mere formality.

The revolutionary spirit of the Occident, very frequently confuses, the

voluntary submission, emanated of a real veneration, with an absolute submission. The type of the human dignity doesn't consist as these doctors, in not submitting, except by the force.

The Chinese approximate, we can say, spontaneously, of the normal type,

of the true wisdom; because they feel and they understand, that all the wisdom, active, speculative or morals has for base, the submission, as preliminary condition, not of inertia, but of an activity conveniently regulated.

To compare under this aspect the results of the scientific evolution that doesn't have for objective except the reality, to her if subordinating, as a puerile metaphysics, that wants to build á priori.

Therefore, many are the imperceptible moral effects that the persistence

fetishist has been producing in this great Chinese population. c) The General Character of the Chinese Family. After we appreciated, it influences on the intelligence and the feeling, of the

mental base of the Chinese civilization, we will extend your action on the Family, and finally on the Society, always staying, in the most general point of view.

Being the Family, the elementary and essential institution of every society,

that settles down and consolidates, in the age fetishist; fitting like this, to verify that action to systematization and the persistence of the Fetishism in China, has been having about the construction of the Family, and that the exceptional character, she has been printing them.

We know that we owed to the fetishism, the institution of the grave (tumulus), admirable privilege of the human nature, according to the beautiful observation of Giambattista Vigor -1668-1774 - in your work the “New Science " the cycle of the atrocity - it applies the scientific philosophy, to the studies of the social phenomenon; it presents the static and dynamic conditions of the human society; that it characterizes for the cult to the deads, and for the prevalence

successive of the gods, of the heroes, and of the men, the concept that it can become similar to the theological evolution; the metaphysics and the scientific, of the absolute intellectuality. Present to the incorporation of the Fetishism, to the concrete concepts; and in the institution of the cult of the manes and of the ancestors' cult.

This cult of the ancestors, so deeply developed among the Lettereds, that

they don't have faith absolutely in the future life, it went to the Jesuits, object of fright, a type of paradoxical phenomenon, whose solution was not them possible to find.

It is necessary to stop for some shelves, about this important notion, so a

little understood, due to imperceptible persistence of the intelligence theological-metaphysics, even in the most intelligent.

The Fetishism institutes spontaneously the manes; capital notion, that persisted, on the domain of the neologism, above all politeico, and that the social wisdom of the Roman civilization, knew how worthily to conserve.

For Fetishist, all the bodies, are spontaneously active, but still endowed with

will, of passion, of feelings; from of then the death is not for him, as it is for the theologist, the passage, for an inert state; it is the passage of one level for another vitality way. The cadaver of those, that we loved, it is not as for the theologist, a horror object or even of repulse; it is Being alive, but live in another way; still tends inclinations, feelings, interesting still for the terrestrial businesses. One conceives then, that the respect for the mortal remains, of the human body, results unavoidably of the fetishist state. This cadaver is still that we loved and that venerated, that it didn't lose the life, according to the theological conception, but taking another vitality form; therefore, we should still have for him, the same affection feelings, that we testified him during the first form, of your existence.

If the Earth is received by Fetishist, in spite of your apparent immobility, as susceptible of being loved and adored, with reason majority; would not the same happen, with this body, that you saw acting alive, in the same life?

Like this, after the institution of the grave, the establishment of the cult

manes, they necessarily result the state fetishist of the human intelligence. We also go as it elapses of this primitive theory, the disbelief in the future

life. For the fetishist, there is not another world, besides this in that we lived. Only on this Earth, we are susceptible of two existence manners: with or without locomotion. In the two cases, they exist affection, feeling; in the two cases we were intentioned, by the real businesses. In the second case, we have the existence way vital, own, to the inorganic bodies that surround us; we should only have then, a more special affection, for those that we already loved. The Cult of the manes, it is in natural correlation, with the disbelief in the future life. What seemed

paradoxical to the theological intelligence, it is on the contrary, a very natural thing, for fetishists and for scientists or positivist.

We can be verified in the Occident, that the faith in the future life, that is, of the beyond grave; the cult of the grave increases; the more a country is dominated by the theological intelligence, more the cult of the grave is neglected; plus the repulse, that inspires the mortal desire it is considerable.

When I was in Paris, and I went to visit and to surrender homage to this

Great Personage of the Humanity, close to Augusto Comte Grave (38), accompanied of my wife, Alfonsa Ana, in the Père-Lachaise Cemetery; I came across a big one number of students, visiting the graves, of Great Personage of France. Interested, for knowing where it was, and at the same time to know what they did for France and for the Humanity. This capital of the cultural emancipation, known as the Light City, it is the City of the Occident, where the cult to the grave is more developed. Light means scientific explanation; the supreme states of the development of the arts of the beautiful and art of the good.

Like this, the cult of the manes became a capital and essential element of the Chinese Family. The ancestors' cult is your great character. In each house when it is complete, they’re a consecrated place, to the ancestors' registration. Every Chinese house, truly normal, has your domestic temple; a consecrated room, in that it is visited periodically, to recollect the family personality, that they made the good of those family ones, thanking the received education; recollecting the important acts, that they accomplish in the breast of the Family, reminding the deaths, the marriages, the happy moments, etc.

Soon after, as a consequence of this great and admirable institution, the

respect the age, the obedience and the children's adoration to the parents, they received in China an immense development.

This cult of the ancestors, this respect to the manes, deeply fit in the habits;

it is characterized, for the extraordinary concern of the coffin. A man works in construction of your grave, as one of the things more

essentials of your existence. As of this conception of the manes, it can be considered the horror of Chinese, for the mutilation; to cut the head, is an execution way feared, because it mutilates. Your habit romances, give us curious information about these fear.

Like this, the cult to the ancestors, the respect the age, the obedience, the

hierarchy and the Veneration, that the children have for the parents, for the you lead fetishist and for the rulers; they form the general characters, that is mental base of the Chinese civilization, that was developed in the Family, in way to deserve of ours part of Western, before a respectful admiration, that a ridicule contempt, as it happened in a lot of times, but that nowadays are already respected, for the great effort that they have been accomplishing, for the

development of your Nation, due to this type of feelings education, very valuable for the human Being progress.

d) The General Character of the Chinese Society. The Fetishism had one very big influence, on the social point of view. The general character of the Chinese Society, is the absence, not only of

the breed’s regimen, as well as of the spirit of this regimen.

There is not in China, similar breeds as of India, as well as there is not hereditary aristocracy. The Imperial family didn't constitute, a true real breed; puts that this only exception, justified for important considerations social, fundamentally it altered the generality of our proposition.

For the emperors, the function was hereditary, but not in an absolute way.

The Emperor chooses in your family, the worthiest member of happening and it is not most of the time the oldest, that he chooses; what is contradictory with the breed spirit.

Lucky that the hereditariness of supreme function, is reduced, your simpler

expression; and this hereditariness, of any luck results of the breed spirit. The emperor was become pregnant, as governing, by virtue of a command

of the Sky, what turned responsible, not only for the social disturbances, but even for the cosmological disturbances; and the continuous persistence, of a disorder state, that is become pregnant as the decisive sign, of the need of transmit to another family, the supreme function.

It can be said that never a population, was stranger to the regimen and the breed spirit, that the Chinese population. It is with certainty, that the fetishism was not own to constitute the breeds regimen.

The fetishism adoring real Being, it cannot supply this absolute

consecration, that emanates naturally from the miraculous. The theologism on the contrary, it institutes the breeds spontaneously, sanctioning in an absolute way, the natural hereditariness of the functions. During the political time, the breeds regimen are born due to the individuals, from the superior classes, they come to be considered, as descending of the own gods. Homero supplies us a simple picture, of a such mental situation.

The monotheism gives the this consecration, a more absolute character,

and concentrate more and more, in the accordance with your intelligence more systematized; making to appear the types of irresponsible bosses, to not to be in presence of God, acting because it is this your will or your free will. The Character that the monotheism provoked to give to the Occident, was the real tyranny;

tendency happily combatted; of a side for the military formation and of the other for the gradual evolution, of an industrial and scientific fetishist regimen.

The breeds regimen reaches your full organization, where the theological priesthood, reaches and it conserves, a full social supremacy, what shows clearly the natural aptitude of the theological spirit, to constitute it

We can like this, to render explanation of the reason, because the great

Chinese civilization, stayed it finds strange to the breeds regimens. To this respect, we can establish, in that way, a relationship between China and the Occident, in the situation in that this tends to place.

We have been seeing that the occident has more and more if turned off of

the breeds regimen, on the double impulse, preponderant, of the scientific intelligence and of the industrial activity; and even so, with great effort for the revolutionary spirit, that for consequence, it strengthened a very absolute character, that has convert in anarchical character.

Being like this, the breed consists of an absolute consecration, of the natural

tendency, of the social functions, privates or public, to the hereditariness.

Receiving this tendency a absolute consecration and not relative, it results then that, theoretically and as he does necessary, the desert cannot be distributed. But as the western civilization it has been eliminating more and more, this absolute consecration, or this breed spirit, nor for that, she should get to despise, the real and capital disposition that serves him of base.

Only the positive spirit (intelligence), it can substitute this relative consecration, for this absolute consecration, taking in legitimate consideration a natural tendency. We have been noticing that the western evolution for the gradual elimination of the breed spirit, approximated us in the century XIX, spontaneously, of the Chinese civilization, where the breed spirit didn't appear.

Among Chinese, it emanated and it emanates a great independence feeling,

and for consequence of personal activity and of initiative; then this population to have an intense and extraordinary industrial activity; that is, never view in another side of the Earth Planet ; with these information, Augusto Comte can consider it as the race, par excellence activates; the more worker.

Like this, in the Chinese people, the particular property, it is respected

perfectly, and it constitutes one of the bases of this civilization. The theoretical conception which the earth belongs to the supreme authority, there cannot have continuity. Your philosophers felt deeply that the private or particular property, it is the capital base of the moralization.

“ It is because an illustrious prince constituting how it suits the prived property of the people, he obtains as necessary result, in first place, that the

children, have with serving your father and your mother; in second place, that the parents have, with what to sustain your wives and your children... In such extreme, do the people only think about avoiding the death, fearing that lacks the necessary ; doesn't have time to dedicate with moral doctrines; what does it teach him to behave, according to the beginning of the opportunity equality and of freedom with responsibility "? (Meng - Tseu) - of the third half of the century IV B. C., the Confucius

successor, that subordinated the Justice to the Social Morals. Without a doubt it existed in China, as in every social organism, inevitable

disturbances; but it can her though to say, that the individual property, the transmission freedom, they are respected in the period before the Communist Revolution; and it is this, consequently inevitable of the absence, of the regimen of breeds, and of the natural independence, of accustomed intelligence not submitting, to the absolutely unquestionable power.

We will study now, which the government type of this society, before

suffering influences, that will see in the following topic.

As we know, the government, it is the absolute necessary condition of every society, and that unavoidably, for every part it appeared, it receives a special character of the theory that consecrates it; puts any theory, any that has been, for inevitable inadequacy, come to represent all the elements, that enter in the constitution, of the managing powers, that it has been appearing, in the several human societies.

In China, the government type, when of the full time of the fetishism, it is

taken as loan from Family. Not only the Family was the essential base of this society, as of all the other ones; as well as the government is constituted by the type of the Family. You doesn't think that is this own thing of all civilization. Only the fetishist populations, is given to take as in the patriarchal state, for type of the government, a generalization, like to of the Family type, that is, of Family organizational system.

What is with effect an Emperor, according to the Chinese thinkers? He is the father and the mother of the all the subjects. Your essential character, is the paternal character. The government type of the theological societies, it is not removed by loan

of the Family, but of the Divinity.

The Chinese type has an unanswerable moral superiority, on the theological type.

According to the theological conception, the government has an authority of many subject, unquestionable; this authority is conceived in your essence, as more or less arbitrary and capricious.

The Divinity well can submit her to peculiar conditions of exercise; such

conditions, however they always appear, in the bottom as cares. In fact, this absolute character, is necessarily limited, for the corresponding sociological way; puts that can remind of the kings of France, they indicate for your discharge recreation, as origin extreme of your decisions. We know evidently, that in reality, there were limits that they would not have surpassed the without impunity; that would not have dreamed even to infringe.

Though become pregnant with an absolute character, the power is impelled

to divagation, to arbitrary acts, the which he thinks never to have had as father, from a great social family; to which, he should show the same dispositions, with the father with the children. This notion influences deeply and in a happy way, in the evolution of the Chinese civilization.

We found in a great number of emperors, types touching, admirable and of devotement, as well as of paternal firmness.

Like this, it results of this conception, a happy general disposition, the

government's disposition, of this fetishist fully period, any that is your origin; it will military, that it supplied impulse to the industrial development, tendency entirely accordingly of rest, with the spirit of this civilization, but that here the government action, consolidates instead of conflicting. It is a consequence of a paternal character of similar government; then also the Chinese government's tendency, to extend the peaceful and industrial dispositions of your population.

In summary, the result of this difficult abstract appreciation, that it is the

Chinese civilization, that has by mental base the Systematized Fetishism, for the cult of the Sky, from where it results, as essential element of the society, the Family; constituted by the filial spirit; for the paternal power and for the cult to the ancestors; from where finally the fundamental tendency, was purely for a peaceful regimen, of a population without breed, that conceived the government power, according to the type of the paternal authority; this was, Pure Fetishist China, of the period that was known for: Tien-hua or Sz-hai - Under the Sky; then, Chung-Kuo - Among the Four Seas; Chung-Kwa-Kuo - Flowery Medium Kingdom; Chuin-Kwa-min-Kuo - People of Flowery Medium Kingdom.

After we had appreciated the general spirit of the Chinese civilization and deduced your more essential consequences, we will approach in summary way, its modifier elements.

The Chinese society developed in contact with other civilizations, more or

less military and more or less theological. There is not doubts that these influence

they sought modifier factors. Chinese never had this intended hateful disposition, to the foreigners, that usually to them are attributed commonly.

They were always conserved in guard against the Westerners, and with a lot

of reason, and there is not doubts that we should approve this attitude and tendency, of being considered as barbaric, because they consider us, that we only have a objective, to accumulate gold and profits, for whole the possible ways.

But Chinese were in contact with populations that were worth more for them,

that the Westerners; these contacts they resulted the two modifier elements, more important of this civilization: the Lao-Tseu Philosophy / Confucianism Philosophy and the Buddhism.

However the Westerners introduced secondarily, for the Catholicism and essentially for the Jesuits' great mission, a third modifier element, with whole the respect, the most important of the three, in a first phase.

In general rule, in this first phase, this influences of modifier elements,

emanated of theological means, it was and it has been, more pernicious than useful; ad resulted of her, with certainty, some secondary usefulness, for the introduction of scientific notions, owed to the Buddhism and the Catholicism; however these notions, very a little modified, the fundamental spirit of the Chinese civilization; however it came accompanied, of great intellectual and moral damages, owed the libertinism of the theological spirit, that would have been really useful, as a Chinese philosopher said – “ if the China it had not been infested of this plague, to give me the energy..."

Then another barbaric influence, of immoral base, they happened in the

material field, The White Period - The conflict between Europe and Asia; the Portuguese, the Spaniards, the French, the Dutchmen - Boxes – War Compensation; - The Chinese youths' brainwashing and etc..

A doctrine non humanitarian, the Chinese people had to hug, will look for in Russia, to seek a more honorable exit to your Country, with the Communism, that is a Metaphysical Doctrine, - unhappily this doctrine, as Comte said, “ it doesn't have the fundamental value, except by virtue of the feeling, that inspires her; without she can never admit, your illusory and subversive solution” . “The Communism prepares it without the knowledge, the practical ascendancy of the positivism, putting with irreversible energy, a problem that the new philosophy (positivism), it can solve, without illusion and without disturbance "; and it ended, among other maxims, involving the communism, said Auguste Comte. : " The Communism is the last truly honorable and dangerous state of the conjoined of the revolutionary instincts” - Positive Politics, Volume IV, paginates 475.

Like this, the Confucius Fetishism, did with that the Chinese at this time, pass in some scientific and technological areas, through Positivist ratiocination; but in the sciences Positive Sociology and in the Positive Morals, they are still in the, Confucius Fetishism, Lao-Tze philosophy, and the Democratic and Communist Metaphysics, with some forts brushstrokes of Theology of the Buddhism and of the Christianity.

But, I wait that with this work that I am here presenting, it can the Positivism, to become nice to the some leads Chinese, so that they analyze the scientific propositions of Laborist Societocratic Regimen, of base scientific or positive, instead of they embark in the chaotic capitalist democratic regimen, of metaphysical base, with support in foundations of retrograde order and of anarchical progress; already of the to a lot, reproved by Aristotle, as being, the democracy, the worst of the regimens. See The Politics Book - Aristotle.

1) A General idea of the Chinese Civilization, in what refers to yours: 1.1) Modifier elements: Philosophy of Lao-Tseu - Buddhism - Catholicism –

Colonialism / capitalist - Communist Revolution of Hand - Cultural Revolution of the Proletariat - Crises of the Bourgeois Liberalism - Structural Reforms - The

Migrations of the Field for Cities the proletarians' of the city enrichment and the proletarians' of the field impoverishment - Globalization - Privatization and the

Unemployment; the Beginning of the Democratic Capitalist Chaos. THE SOCIETOCRATIC REDEMPTION.

1.1.1) Lao-Tze Philosophy - 604-550 B. C.

The First modifier element of the Chinese Civilization, was the Philosophy of Lao-Tze, whose the sectarian ones, dispersed for China, they took the name of So-that or sectarian of the Reason.

Lao-Tze, was born in the year from 604 to C., 54 years before Confúcio, in

the kingdom of Tsou, provinces of Houpe and of Hou-nan near of the Blue river. It was between the Blue river and the Yellow river, and to the north of the

Yellow river, that was formed the great nucleus of the Chinese Civilization. The Lao-Tze philosophy, consists of a metaphysical system, tends for

objective to deduce everything of a supreme principle, the Reason, and everything to explain, through abstract properties, in way to present finally, as all metaphysical, simple verbal combinations, for true scientific explanations. Such notions don't have more real value, that the one of the platonic ones, for instance; it is not because or else, under the historical point of view, showing your general spirit. Doctrine of individual formation and quietist.

" Before the chaos that preceded the birth of the Sky end of the Earth, an only one Being existed, immense and silent, Lao-Tseu says; immaterial and always acting, without never to lose temper. It can be considered him as the Mother of the Universe. I ignore your name, but I designate for the word Reason.

The Reason is the essence it summons of all the things; she neither has beginning nor end. The universe has an end, but this Reason doesn't have it. Invariable before the birth of the universe, she was without name and always existent. Reason is the only name that can give the Saint; his name is also Spirit, because there is not place, where it is not; Truth, because nothing has of false in itself; origin or principal, in opposition of what is produced or secondary. This Being is truly only. It sustains the Sky and the Earth, and he doesn't have for himself a sensitive quality. They say him pure, with relationship yours essential; Reason, as the order that established; Nature with relationship the force, that gave to the man, that exists in the man; Spirit with relationship to your action way, without term and endless, etc., etc. ". - Abel Rémusat - Miscellany Posthumous of History and Oriental Literature

This is a true metaphysical state, that is, of a general explanation, through uncertain and arbitrary abstractions. The metaphysics, always consists of leaving of the theological type, turning it gradually, more and more abstract, in way to not to conserve for base, of all explanation, or else a general notion of force, unite and uncertain. Truly pathologic state of the human reason, and that constitutes the abuse of the abstraction, when this abstraction, comes off of every scientific base. It is a mental state that doesn't have more social usefulness, that intellectual usefulness.

A first character of this Lao-Tze philosophy , is the contempt for the past, for the antecedents; character deeply contrary to the own spirit of the Chinese civilization. To the inverse of Confúcio, Lao-Tze, never mentioned the old ones.

For an analysis of Pierre Laffitte, direct disciple of Auguste Comte, indicates that the second character of this philosophy, is a metaphysical and abstract philosophy, that thwarts the concrete spirit of the Chinese civilization.

Where did Lao-Tze bring these ideas from? Probably of a foreign origin; it is probable that your philosophy, be a Hindu import, although it lacks in the direct documents, to demonstrate strictly, such filiation.

It is entirely impossible that the intelligence inaugurates for such metaphysical abstractions, for that, she begins she wants or don't want Chinese, for the Fetishism, and never for the metaphysics; therefore such philosophy of Lao-Tseu, was never the primitive base, that is, the starting point of the Chinese civilization; that forgive me the Chinese.

After we had knowledge of the 15 Universal Laws, of the First Philosophy, or Laws of the Supreme Fatality; from where we removed the 6 Elementary Laws of the Intellectual Work - where we can group them in Static Laws of the Understanding (4 at 6 ) and Dynamic Laws of the Understanding (7 at 9) - noticed by Auguste Comte, as discriminate, to proceed: 4a - Law of the Subjective Construction - to Subordinate the Subjective constructions to the Objective materials. 5a - Laws of the Interior Images - The images interiors are always less alive and less clear than the external impressions. 6a - Law of the Normal Image. -

The Normal Images should prevail on the Images that the cerebral agitation makes simultaneously to appear. 7a - Law of the Intellectual Evolution or Law of Three Mental States - Each understanding presents the succession of the three states - Fictitious, Abstract and Positive - relatively to any conceptions, with proportional speed to the generality of the corresponding phenomena. - 8a - Law of the Evolution Activates or Law of Three Practical States. - The activity is first Military Conqueror, later to Militate Defensive and finally Peaceful and Industrial - 9a - Law of the Affective Evolution or Law of Three Affective States - the sociability is first Domestic, later Civic, and Finally Universal, in agreement with the Nature of each one of the three instincts Nice or Altruistic (Affection, Veneration and Kindness); we can also conclude, on the other hand, that this Lao-Tseu philosophy is so little Chinese, that ignores mainly the two great characters of this civilization; the respect to the past, for the antecedents and preponderance for the concrete spirit. This Lao-Tze doctrine was so little agree with the corresponding situation, of the Chinese life, that your sectarian ones, didn't delay in degenerating completely, in way they turn a simple petty politician, magic, selling the elixir of the immorality, etc..

In the reality Lao-Tze, under it influences of the Hindu contact, he made a honorable attempt in himself, of introducing the abstraction and abstract theories in China. This attempt didn't take effect, should be eminently of metaphysician character, without a correspondent of scientific base; they did with that these abstractions, quickly deteriorated in arbitrary divagation, similar the one that sees in the shameful mental show, that offer us the Alexandrine ones. The Lao-Tseu disciples , continuing in these abstract divagations, in middle in that was them contrary, they didn't delay in degenerating in a sect of magicians, and of petty politician, that on behalf of a theology, that doesn't have larger social value, that only mental value, adapts to the tiny sides of our nature. Lucky that the Reason sectarian, the Tao-sse, they are numerous, a lot of times consulted and though despised.

This show, that offers us a lot of times the Occident, in that we see unworthy charlatans, they seduce the public opinion momentarily, exploring the fear of the death.

The Tao-sse is very dispersed in China, a little less, that the Buddhists (today + / - 8%), but nevertheless, possessing many monasteries.

It is interesting to leave registered that this doctrine was protected, for the revolutionary Thsin-chi-hoang-you.

This first modifier element of the Chinese civilization, that it introduced theological elements in way metaphysical, subordinate, in this population deeply Fetishist.

1.1.2) second Modifier Element of the Chinese Civilization:

THE BUDDHISM

The second modifier element of the Chinese civilization is the Buddhism, he is worth much more than the doctrine of the sectarian of Lao-Tze, but it exercised a deep disturbing action, until nowadays (2004).

The Buddhism was introduced in China, under the Han dynasty, 65/67 years after Christ; he is very dispersed for China. It was protected by a big one number of emperors. He has a certain action on almost all the Chinese, but action purely modifier, and in the secondary form. The Buddhism was despised in general by the Lettereds ' class, that represent the true tendencies of the Chinese civilization. The Buddhist monasteries are in great number. The Buddhists organize a cult entirely similar to the Catholic cult. The analogy of the doctrine, produced the analogy of the effect, because certainly there was not reciprocal communication. They have a monastic life perfectly organized: liturgies, relics, etc., etc..

The Buddhism brought big inconvenient to China, introducing the theological

spirit with all the divagations, that are her peculiar; divagations so much more intense, he doesn't offer the interior hierarchical coordination of the Catholicism; coordination that remedied so many own inconveniences of the theological doctrine.

But, this disturbing element, didn't produce such serious deviations as us could believe the a priori; the Fetishism had been so perfectly coordinated in the Chinese society, and the population, so linked to the ancestors' cult, to the cult of the Sky and of the Earth, when of the appearance of the Buddhism, that this could not modify, this releases foundation, base of the Chinese civilization; this way any Mandarin, same being Buddhist, it makes however the rites of the official cult; of any luck it will be released of the cult of the Family. Like this the illustrious emperor Khan-hi, so exactly praised, for the Jesuits, it was Buddhist, what didn't spare him of the official cult.

The Buddhism left a lot of concern, in some Lettereds. We can cite the Wo-

tsou Emperor, of the Tang dynasty (618-905 a. C.), dead in the year 846 a. C. He wrote concerning the need, of restricting the Buddhism development, the following text below, according to the Catholic Priest Grosier, Volume 5, paginates 51).

" Under our three famous dynasties (which?), (Hsi -2205-1766 B C; Shang and Yin -1766-1123 B C.; Chou - 1122 -1255 B C.; Chin 255-206 B C.) did one never hear to speak of FO (Buddha); was it after the dynasty of Han (206 to C. -211 A.C. ) and of Wei (X?), what did this sect introduce the statues and did he begin dispersing for China; in the two cuts, in all the cities, in the mountains, only if he saw working Buddhist priest, of the two sexes, only busy and concerned in construing statues. Our ancestors, had for itself, that if there was man not to praise, and woman that didn't entrust silk, somebody would be devoted to the State. Why it will be that today, an infinite number of Buddhist priest, men and women, do they live and do they get dressed at the cost of the alien perspiration, occupying an infinity of workers, in building for every part, and to adorn for fabulous prices, superb buildings ?”

We see in this above paragraph, that the emperor, it was forming an idea, to emit a decree, white the finality, to suppress a big one numbers of Buddhist convents.

On the other hand the Buddhism introduced in China some astronomical

and mathematical knowledge, introducing the scientific abstraction; what didn't make the sectarian of Lao-Tseu.

This small advantage, is more than compensated by the immense

inconvenience of an arbitrary theological spirit, rambler, impelling to a monastic life, completely idle.

1.1.3) The Third Modifier Element of the Chinese Civilization:(Christian Theologism)

The Christianity - THE CATHOLICISM – The Protestantism .

As the Doctrine of the Catholicism, the third modifier element of the Chinese civilization. He didn't have in China, or else a very secondary influence. However it introduced, at that time of the Jesuits' great mission, some scientific notions, that were him useful; but with every respect, this influence was minimum, and entirely secondary; same today for it influences of the free will of the Protestants, few followers have been appearing, even with voluminous expenses in shepherds Protestant, proceeding mainly from USA.

1.1.4) the Fourth Modifier Element of the Chinese Civilization: THE COLONIALISM / CAPITALIST.

The Chinese Altruism, suffocated by the European selfishness. As the Capitalist-colonialist Doctrine, the fourth element, in the chronological

series, of external actions, of trouble influence, in the Chinese Civilization, had origin, more frequently, with the Commercial Revolution, that he intensified with Columbus' era, when consolidating the marine routes; that he prepared like this, the road for the Industrial Revolution. The said discoverers or invaders began to know the other civilizations, they opened up new ports and they brought the old cultures, the products and the ideas of Europe.

Well early in the Century XVI, the Portuguese after if they establish in India, they occupied Malaca, they surrounded the Malay peninsula and they appeared in Canton, with your picturesque ships and terrible cannons (1517) - " Harsh and without respect for any law, looking at all the people of the east as legitimate you respect, few more one was than pirates; " The Chinese treated him as such. Your emissaries were arrested; and the request that they did of trade freedom was refused and the chain in that they were corner, it was swept periodically by furious Chinese, with all reason. However, starting from the Century XV, with the marine routes, open for the Portuguese; and in 1557, Chinese for reward, due to the aid

received from the Portuguese pirates, against other pirates, they left that them if they installed in Macao, and to govern it as if it was your city. They began the introduction of the opium, and they built many factory of this toxicant one.

The Spaniards also, for there they were, through Philippines - 1571; they settled down at the Formosa island today Taiwan; then the Dutchmen came; and finally in 1637, five English ships, went up the river in direction to Canton. The Chinese didn't smoke, the Portuguese taught them, and at the beginning of the Century XVIII, started to increase such use in Chinese - THE White Danger - in 1795, year that the government prohibited the import of the opium; this prohibition was reiterated in 1800. The opium annihilates weakening the vitality, and it provokes a pleasure sensation and euphoria initially. However, the more times it be used, larger they will be the amounts that the organism demands to reach the same well-being " sensation. The interruption of the use causes many disturbances, what does with that the dependents maintain your consumption increase to avoid the adverse effects. Turning the human Being a hallucinated, uncontrolled, wild, oscillating between the madness and the idiocy, becoming unproductive. Therefore Chinese were shown anxious in buying and the avid Europeans for making money; same knowing about the cruelty that they were making.

Even if the government prohibited, the Chinese public employees' bribe, of that time, they facilitated the road.

With this commercial attitude, the Europeans noticed that with the opium

ammunition, it was possible to dominate a nation, and to win a lot of money, with payment in silver.

The First War of the Opium, 1839 -1842, English went to stop in Hong-Kong,

and they bombarded all the cities that were within your reaches, close of the coast, for the domain of Great Channel, that gives access to Canton. For the agreement of Indian ink, that avoided any mention to the opium, it gave up to English the island of Hong - Kong, he opened to the foreign trade to the ports, Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai; it lowered the tariffs; and it imposed compensation, that covered the war expenses and the damages of the destroyed opium, as well as it stipulated that the English citizen in China, it could only be judged by English tribunals; other nations inclusive USA and France got to obtain this right, for your nationalists.

It is in this point that the plot, larger, begins against the Chinese civilization,

with view your moral disintegration, disorganizing the formation of the mental harmony, in the brain of many Chinese.

In this time, in 1843, a name enthusiast Hung Hsiu-ch´uan appeared, that for brief contacts with Protestant theologist, with support of the Westerners, from the form demagogic, was said to have visions, that it had been chosen by God, to convert China to the Christianity; creating a new dynasty - Great Paz - T´ai P´ing, only made cruelties; and they didn't have support of the great mass fetishist , that

joined from 1856 at 1860, on Second Great Opium War, when leaning England for France and it USA them, she asked for the legalization of the opium traffic, that had never ceased, in spite of the prohibitions and of the disorders; and it also asked access more cities, and the honorable admission of English representatives, in the cut of Peking. Before it refuses the English and French captured Canton, they sent your vice-king to India, they took several strategic points, they destroyed the Summer Palace, as it would dam of the emissaries that were Peking, today Beijing.

Finally the victorious ones, forced the due ones to underwrite an agreement,

that opened 10 new ports to the trading foreigner, it assured the reception to the European and American ministers, in same level of equality, and together with Chinese government, he obtained warranty for the missionaries and merchants in any point of the country, and it removed them of the Chinese jurisdiction; it gave up to English an earth appearance, in the continent, in front of Hong-Kong Island ; it legalized the import of the opium and it imposed the classic western compensation.

Lively of these easy victories, the European nations began serving as pieces of China. Russia, in 1858, took territory to the north of Amur and east of the river Ussuri; French appropriating of Indo-China, in 1860; Japan, after one years, in 1894, taking possession of Formosa, it separated Korea for a future absorption (1910); Germany took the peninsula of Kiaochow(1898); and on this same year of 1898, it USA they were them with Philippines, seeking the ownership of the Chinese trade.

In this same time, other act of the Chinese drama, was uncoiled in Peking, today Beijing, when the European allies invaded, with victory, the capital Peking, during the Opium Second War; the youth emperor Hsien Feng fled for Jehol; coming to die later one year, leaving the throne to your son, a five year-old child; but the boy's mother, Tz´u Hsi, known in the occident, as Widow Queen, and in the cut like Old Buddha, she took the reins of the Empire, and merciless form she governed China, during a generation, with a great statesman's Li Hung-chang help, getting maintaining the interns peace and the respect, for the potencies destructors. Your heir son Kuang Hsu, the hidden ones, he threw a series of prodigious ordinances; case they had been accepted by the people and executed, they would probably have promoted the fast westernization of China, and avoided the collapse of the dynasty and of the empire. This young emperor, ordered a new system of schools, that besides the Confucianism education, they also taught the western sciences, the world literature and the technology; he/she/you threw the bases of the construction of the railroads, he reforms of the army and of the navy, kindred of you defend them of the crisis, that appeared from everywhere, for " powerful neighbors that try to remove advantages. The Widow Empress, arrested the son, in a palace, and infuriated she annulled the measures and she governed China again.

A reactionary movement against all the western ideas, led by the astute Widow, it channeled the Chinese, for your purposes. It appeared in against

departure, other organization, known as I Ho Ch´uan - " Union of the Upright Pulses " or historically " Boxers ", with objective of dropping the empress and the dynasty.

However this intelligent queen, did with that the leaders of this movement, if

they returned against the foreigners, instead of they struggle for drop her. Accepting the mission, the Boxers, began to slaughter any foreigner.

European forces, marched on Peking (BEIJING), the empress fled, for

Hsianfu, and the troops of England, France, Russia, Germany, Japan and of the USA, they plundered the city, they slaughtered many Chinese; they robbed and they ruined valuable several properties.

In that time, these allied of the Occident, they imposed a compensation of $US 300.000.000, to be collected by the foreigners in the customs and removing directly of the salt monopoly. Great part of this compensation was later instituted to China, for the USA, England, Russia and Japan, with objective that goes worn-out in scholarship, for the youths Chinese students, they could be maintained in the universities of these countries; with objective of feeding them, for the fantasy of the capitalist democracy; dictates as gesture of generosity, that nothing of generosity existed; and yes of macabre investment, to distort the Chinese youths' minds, known as " students of the compensation ", as well as thousands of other, that went to explore the conquerors' civilization. Many went to England, Germany, USA and Japan. Only in the universities of the USA, they graduated hundreds per year. They went with age of high immaturity degree, for not to learn the value of the Chinese national culture.

They got drunk of the admiration before the western science, methods and

ideas; they were frightened with the comfort and of the vigorous lust life, around himself; of the freedom or better of the individual's liberality and of the emancipation. They studied the western philosophy; they lost the faith in the native religion, in the Fetishism; and they were in the position of respectable radicals, impelled by your teologistas, metaphysicians and scientific teachers, for to be the guardian futures and promoters of the “ remodelation " of the distant Homeland.

Thousands of these young men came back to China, convicts of the delay of your country, throwing for all the songs the seed of the revolt.

A series of circumstances favored them. For two generations the opium traffickers and European and American

missionaries, acted as center of western infection; these foreigners, stayed in a standard of living, that excited the Chinese youths, to adopt the promising western civilization; they mined the Chinese faith, base of the old moral code; they destroyed the ancestors' adoration, putting a generation against the other; although they nails a Jesus of kindness; however in the emergencies, they was protected by powerful heavy armaments. As always the theologizes, of absolutist

formation, lovers of the war, as solution for your problems, already forgotten, that in your origins, they were an oppressed revolt, they provoke again among converted Chinese, a revolution ferment.

In 1911, Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1886 - 1925), founder of the Republic of China, after running the world, behind money to do a revolution, because he were humiliated in seeing your people to be explored, for the foreigners, mainly for the humiliation, of the foreigners, that took care of the customs; he went respect in England and deported, safe for friends; they made English, they change of opinion; and then, still in the exterior, he became aware, that the revolutionary forces, they had expired and they had chosen him, to be a President, arriving acclaimed in Hong-Kong. But it was substituted soon by a revolutionary of the old school, Yuan Shi-kai, and he proceeded for Canton to teach and to inspire the young men in the art of governing, dying in 1925; all leaving the provinces, without a same direction, no longer they were instituting more the habit of the obedience to the habits and the laws; weak in national and strong patriotism in provincial; China fell in the war among the north and south, of a section against the other; of what he doesn't have, against that has; of the young man against the old man.

The adventurers organized armies, as tuchuns, - The isolated provinces, collected imposed, they produced opium, and leave in incursions, to enclose to your domain, new victims. The industry and commerce, rated by a general, and for now for other, they fell in the disorder and in the despair; thieves imposed tributes, they robbed and they killed, without no force was able to you combat them. The men became soldiers or thieves, for not to die from hunger; and they destroyed the other men's fields, that for not to die from hunger, they also turned soldiers or thieves.

Reservations of a whole life or the modest store of an industrial family, they

were appropriate for a general, or plundered by a group of thieves. In the Honan province, in 1931 there were 400.000 thieves. Plus some few

years, in Brazil, if the Brazilian Rulers don't educate your citizens Positively, it will arrive with easiness in these figures.

In the middle of size chaos, dived in a civil war, in which the military heads

places, leaning for foreign potencies, they disputed fragments of the country.

1.1.5) the Fifth Modifier Element of the Chinese Civilization: Russia Bolshevist's - COMMUNIST DOCTRINE - THE COMMUNISM

For better understanding, of the Communist Doctrine, for an analysis

positivist or scientific; I advise to the readers, they seek the Comte and Marx Article, of my authorship, in articles; in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista , where they will find the demonstration of the complete logical inanity, of the method dialectic of ratiocinating, that it intoxicates your apprentices' encephalon, of the lethal poison of this dangerous contradiction spirit, that only compels them the to

see, for every part, fights and antagonisms. The World is for the Pure Communists Bolshevists (Marx/Hegel - Lenin), an eternal battlefield. Because they live with the blocked encephalon of bombs of dynamite, with the dipped nervous system, in a true magnetic field of imaginary conflicts; metaphysicians and scientific. But, it brought on the other hand, in a positive way, for having favored the creation of the subjective conditions, for the development of the Abstraction State, in the formation of the scientific and technological part, of the Chinese Civilization, big advantages of scientific development. As the fetishism, is highly taken root; the dialectic of Hegel, for Chinese, entered to collaborate, in the Organs of the human Intelligence, with view to activate plus, the operationally of the Abstract Contemplation Organ -; as a tool to sharpen the subjectivism, during the Cerebral Abstraction Operation; that it was and it is very weakened, due to Religious Education, to have as base the Religion or it Fetishist Doctrine; where who is sharpened maximized, is the Concrete Contemplation Organ. See the Cerebral Theorem, of Augusto Comte - that explains the behavior of the “SOUL", scientifically speaking: Soul, are the Feeling or Sentiments, Intelligence and Character; for the Auguste Comte Theory of the Abstraction. Explanation about this Theory can be found in the Book – You Maneuver yourself your Destiny – found free in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista

Continuing, inside of the item 1.1.5 -:

This movement that begins in 1919, and it spreads up to 1949; known in China today, as " The Revolution of the New Democracy "; move of May 14, 1949, considered as the ideological spring, that provoked the appearance of the History of “Modern China”. However, the most important factor, they were the provoked movements, for the unequal agreements, imposed to China, after First World War. A vigorous patriotism gave place to this protest, with the initiative talk outlet for the students. Thanks to this movement, it was possible to penetrate in China several doctrines, among which it stood out the Communist Doctrine.

It was at this time of chaos, that 12 people of different parts of China, they met at a cottage, in the French section, of Shanghai, in 1921, to accomplish the First National Congress of Communist Party of China (PCCh). And about the direction of PCCh, the people supported, the Chinese Communist Revolution, that today it receives erroneously, in China, the name of "The New Democracy Revolution ". This term democracy here employee, is inappropriate and confused - Democracy, doesn't have anything there to be with communism, they are two antagonistic regimens. The democracy, is a chimera; it is " a term that should be eliminated, as vague, inappropriate and subversive " - Augusto Comte – See my article :Modern Slavery - in Articles, in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista ; and on the other hand, Aristotle already said, with full reason, that the worst of Regimens was the democratic; because it makes to arise to the power, the poor and the uncultured. The Politics. And with relationship to the communism, " besides placing in passing antagonistic conditions with others vicious doctrines; it doesn't have fundamental value, except in virtue, of the feeling that inspires it, without it can never admit, your illusory and subversive solution” . Auguste. Comte

- Plead to Conservatives p. 94 – Auguste Comte. Like this, " the communism is the last state truly honorable and dangerous, of the revolutionary instincts” - Augusto. Comte - Positive Politics - Volume IV - p. 475. See my Arctic - Comte and Marx, in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista

New Party gave priority to the proletarians' organization and he had

considerable success. In 1922 Russia ordered two of your skilled diplomats, Karakhan and Joffe, with order of dragging China to the Revolution. Karakhan prepared the road, with the cessation, on the part of Russia, of the extra territory right for the signature, of an agreement, that recognized the revolutionary government. Subtle Joffe didn't have difficulty, in convincing Sun Yat-sen, of the advantages of the communism, above all because Sun, had been repelled by all the other potencies. In a space relatively short, a new nationalist army out armed and trained, under Chiang Kai-shec's command, old secretary of Sun, but guided by a Russian counselor, Michael Borodin, that army marched from Canton, for the north, it conquered all the cities, and finally it was stop in Peking, today Beijing, that at that time of the Revolution; it started to call Peiping - the Pacified North; the Nationalist Government, to be more near to your financial resources in Shanghai, fixed it in Nanquim, " The South Capital".

The Chiang Kai-shek General, with your nationalist party Kuomintang -

KMT, with view to face the military bosses, woke up an union with PCCh, but in the moment of the victory, it attacked the communist movement and it established a military retrograde dictatorship, realistically to service, of the financial and commercial groups. With this victory of KMT, in 1927/28, he surrendered your ally, massacring 40.000 communist syndicalists; for they belong to syndicate.

This China, in the period of KTM in the power, where the spiritual chaos was regnant, due to the conflict enters the religion of fetishism moral, and the one of Immoral metaphysics, of the Capitalist Imperialism, of the individualist large financial vision, in the great industrial centers; with the beginning of the metaphysical movements of the Communist Religion or Communist Doctrine, in the fields. With this power triumph of KTM, becomes the situation, hostile position and favorable for changes, by violent way.

However this government led by KTM, he came across three great problems: a) KMT only had on your command five provinces. b) Interns Communist Revolution, with Mao, in the fields. (1930) c) The Japanese aggression to Dongbei Pingyuan's area (Manchúria), in the north of China.

The Altruistic Feeling, predominant in the fetishist Chinese, in your kind habit, due to Veneration to the familiars, to the oldest, it disturbed the manpower formation, for competitiveness, that is, the dispute; and unhappily, without taking in consideration the Merit of the Familiars - (Merit = Competence, Capacity, Altruism and the Situation), they chose the proletarians and the patronage, without taking in considerate the Merit of each one; transforming like this, each office or factory, molded for the semi-capitalists organizations, in incompetence nests and nepotism; where the individual value subordinates the social value. They didn't separate the activities of the State, of the Spiritual or Priestly activities.

The trade sees himself harmed for the internal and customs tariffs, and for the abusive and immoral tips; however he developed more quickly than the industries; the new industries destroyed the Corporations, and they took to the chaos, the relationships between patronage and proletarians. The Corporations that regulated the wage (salary) and the price of the products, that didn't have competition in the local markets, between the patronage and proletarians; but with the easiness of the transport and of the trade, the goods that arrived from more long distance, they were impossible to control your prices and wages (salary), without submission to the capital and the foreign suppliers. This way, the Corporations was dissolved; and it appeared the Unions of the Proletarians (Syndicate) on a side, and the Chamber of Commerce (Patronage Confederation) of other. The Chambers discussed order, loyalty and freedom; and the Proletarians Federations discussed the HUNGER.

Strikes and boycotts if they turned constant, however they got to elevate the workers' wage. But with passing of the times, since 1919, with the first meetings of the Unions, that is, of the Syndicates, with a crescent to power and number, until that in the Borodin days, they intended to take the direction of China; but they were repressed severely by Chiang Kai-shek; but the proletarians continued in your fights, multiplying your only refuge, against the capitalist imperialists, of the retrograde dictatorship of the General. The work center, the proletarians' painful poverty prevailed, with 12 working hours a day, and the wages badly gave for the subsistence, it is shown worse than the simple and humble old traditional poverty, without lust, distributed in family; in that the poor didn't see the rich, and it accepted your luck, as natural and inevitable fatality.

Poor and Rich, they will always exist; what cannot happen; it is

miserable and millionaire. It is possible that the mandarinate, although it had not lost the vitality,

and it was not dishonored by the corruption, he could have detainee the industrial impulse, until that China was in conditions of you receive it without chaos and slavery. Could have servant a new class, receiver of the public

power, moved from rural aristocracy, as it happened in England with the manufacturing.

This power commanded by Chiang Kai-shec, without a good army, without leadership with experience and without resources; with KTM, People’s Party, that was founded to free the Nation, it was preferred to stay of side, and to leave that the capital from within and of out, he acted the will; conceived of democratic form and baptism with blood of the communists, he became dependent of the bankers of Shanghai, passing of the chaotic democracy, for a retrograde dictatorship, that and it tried to destroy the Unions (Syndicates).

He only made sad mistakes, for the China people, and it didn't solve

the social problems and nor the morals problems: For the material field, he increased the legalized area of China, with conquest plans, high immoral principles; he reduced the banditry, so disastrous the economical life; but this banditry appeared, due the sore spots provoked by the own government regimen, that Chiang Kai-shec commanded.

The unit lack, due to loss of the it nourishes moral fetishist, in this time, it reflects the division of great part of the Chinese patriotic soul. The strongest feeling, from the mass, was lively for the nationalism - the hate to the foreigner; was unhappily the process in vigor, was the imitation of the foreign luxury; not only in the material field, that is, in practice; but also in the morals, that is, in the spiritual (*); escaping from your traditional spiritual education, generating more conflict and less construction for the Well Public; for consequence to the Familiar Well and the Personal well. (*) In 1997 at 2003 year, we are beginning to see this picture for the third time; because the Chinese people, in anything will change, with this capitalism of the century XXI; he will worsen the internal problem, mainly due to the unemployment, already in 1998, 30.000.000 of proletarians, from the 400.000 States factory, they were already unemployed.

China knew that, for historical factors, that the Occident didn't

deserve similar affectionate treatment, she sees himself forced to adopt, the same weapons, because the dilemma is industrialism or subordinate to the slavery.

Like this, there in the decade of 1930, the Chinese of the cities of the

east, passed of the field for the factories; of the “long tunics of silk” to the trousers; of the passed melodies, for saxophone symphonies; they abandon the fine own taste of the clothes, in the furniture and in the art; to decorate your walls with European paintings; and to set up office of Americanized style.

Your wives stop compressing the feet; your philosophers, abandon the Altruistic reasoning of Confucius; and they spread with enthusiasm, the

selfish feeling of the Westerners; with the disputes, the discussions, of conflicting, of imposing for right, and not for accomplishing your actions, with base in the DUTIES; dictated by the Fetishist Religion, spread by Confucius and others. They began forgetting of subordinating the rights to the Duties. Psychological technique spread by the western psychologists (philosophers of the conflict), forger of the brainwashing, in the couches of the followers' of Freud’s Psychoanalysts clinics or of other Metaphysics Psychoanalysts, with techniques of high degree of egoism; to contemporize the needs of the plans of the democrats -capitalists - Imperialists; of spreading that the personality, or better, the individualism, it should be above the sociability.

This beginning of dethroning the Confucianism already reveals a to

destroy the structure of a Millenarian Religion, that it should be the moral support, of the spirit of the Chinese people; for some time this New State, still led by Party of the People, of Chiang Kai-shek's KTM, they found to drop the Aristotle’s Chinese and to maintain the rejection to the theologism - of the Buddhist’s thought. For some time, this government pursued the Buddhism and your Monastic Orders; the revolutionary rebels were " liberate-thinkers ", openly hostile to the old religion; however they will seek the Reason, in the metaphysics of Lao-Tze.

The Revolution of this time, abolished the Buddhist theology, because it believed that the poverty could be destroyed; therefore he didn't need that it appeared the necessary gods, the one where there was poverty.

The Confucianism considered the agriculture and the family, as social

organisms of great importance, and it formulated an ethics - morals, disposed to maintain the balance among the family activities and of the agricultural and raising.

The assumed Colonialist Capitalist Revolution, linked to the Industry,

it demanded an immoral political formation, adapted the urban conditions; that they thwarted the social notion of fetishist’s moral, of Chinese of this time; seeking the destruction of the old family system and your substitution, for the individualism, that leaves each human creature, free and alone, in the world. That is, to maximize the selfishness and to minimize the Altruism. Creating a metaphysical morals - that doesn't take, to a peaceful construction; that is, to the Progress, with Order.

The Education by Confucianism, did with that, the public concourse

and government's cultural occupations, they required your knowledge and approbation; but when the exam system disappeared; the scientific philosophy, took the place of the fetishist philosophy, inverting the subordination of the politics to the moral, in the school teachings; the man no longer it is molded for the government, but for the industry and for the trade.

" The Confucianism, conserved in your beginnings, it controlled the youth's impulses, with the cautions of the old age; the Revolution done of youth, not it accepts controls; they smiles, of the old advice ".

" The person that considering useless the old barrages, destroying them, it will suffer of the desolations, that the inundations bring " (Latourette, ii, 174)

The most valiant fact, of Chiang Kai-shek's period, as suitable in this

last two paragraphs, above, was when it happened for the movement New Life, that he tried, with some success, the restoration of the Confucianism.

This Revolution of the New Life, sought to eliminate, the Fetishist

Religion, trying to do with that the population, is avoided to do yours countersign to the Sky, to the stars.

As the adoration to the ancestors, it was tolerated, but visibly it went

declining; more and more the men tend to transfer to the women, that formerly were had as inappropriate to officiate these rites.

Half of these Revolutionaries Nationalist Bosses was educated in

Christian schools; but the Revolution doesn't favor any faith to the supernatural, and he gives to your text books the scientific tone. (Latourette, ii, 176); interpreted by many, as atheistic.

But this nationalism, reigning in the great centers, without appropriate doctrinal base, doesn't satisfy all; many proletarians seek the seers, and the charlatans of the Lao sects, that don't also convince, to do front to a refuge against the daily problems.

The people of the villages, still find consolation and spiritual refuge, in

the quietness of your fetishes meditations, in the old altars and temples, of the teachings of the spontaneous and systematic Fetishism.

The loyalty to the Family, on which the old order was sustained, went

being little by little substituted by the loyalty to the State; and as the new loyalty, it had not still passed from the theory to the practice; the new society, was without moral base, to give continuity to your development.

The agricultural and the raising favored the Family, because before the coming of the machine, it was the earth worked economically by the Family, linked by the Altruism, commanded by the Mothers and for the paternal authority. But the capitalist industrialization, breaks, with this group, because he offers employment to individuals, and not to Families groups; and he doesn't offer the employment or placement with constancy warranty; and it doesn't recognize the obligation of the strong to help the weak; the

spontaneous family communism, doesn't find support, in the bitter competition of the industry and of the trade.

To younger generations, always irritated with the authority of the

oldest, due to merchandize of the selfishness on the altruism, they accept willingly, the anonymity of the city and the individualism of the employment; in the war of the competition.

Chinese cultural life was affected; the old marriage disappeared, as

the authority of the family; in the cities the marriage already prevails done by the choice of the own betrothed. The polygamy decreases, because the modern woman objects against the concubine. The divorce it is in this time very rare.

The two sexes in the universities, are in parity. The Chinese population, has been decreasing your rate growth; even so, 50.000 Chinese, they stayed being born a day. (Park, 114) - Everything was innovation; the cut of the clothes, the haircut - in the occupation, in the habits, in the ways of if they hold, in the religion and in the philosophy. The pigtail, there left, as well as the beautiful norms, of the good times; the selfishness, in hate way, of dispute, brought by the revolution, brutalized the Chinese soul, of the great cities; the radicals find difficult they be courteous, with the conservatives. (Close, Upton, Revolt of Asia, 245)

The peacefulness of the old race, changed, in the rush of the

industrial capitalism, something more expressive, however more volatile; the Love to the Peace that had developed if in China, after centuries of war, it went at that time shaky for the extraordinary chaos of the national dismemberment - the schools do a soldier of each student - and the generals are the heroes again.

The universe of the education, for few, that they should not have despised Confucius, they made him; throwing him to the forgetfulness, and if hugging the scientific applications. Because was not necessary the rejection to the Master, because the bases of the feelings fetishist altruistic, that should have been suitable, with the spirit of the scientific intelligence, were really despised; doing with your applications, they had been more for the good than for the evil; but the conquest of the selfishness, used by the psychologists, it was and it is, a plot and a conspiracy, of the cruelty to the kindness, so that the capitalist system was able to and it can be configured; in its goals, of dispute, of profit, not seeking the social, but the individualism. – The result, it is income concentration.

The mathematics and the mechanics were popular, because they

belong to them that leave the machines; from the machines they leave the cannons; and the cannons can preserve the freedoms.

The medical education, was in great progress, with the meritorious services of the Rockefeller's Foundation.

A writing of 1000 characters, Pei-Hua (1920) - instead of the one of

40.000, it was learned easily by the people - many newspapers adopted this writing, for the language " Mandarin ", taught by Hu Shih, accomplishing like this an union, for better understanding in the whole Country.

But with this everything, the China was turning if more and more poor, in your whole in benefit of few, that they inhabited the great centers. It was not also having an assimilation, of the western civilization, in way " to turn it the organic prolongation of the civilization created by own Chinese " (Hu Shih, 8) -

When in this time we found the abandoned fields and destroyed, for

the droughts and floods; the damages of the forests, the farmers' lethargy; the discharge mortality of children; the exasperate work in the factories; the slums devastated by the diseases; the practices of the corruption; the industry dominated by the foreigners; and the government's weakness and so much other sore spots; they demonstrated that was not this, that the Chinese people, wanted for your future.

For those and other reasons, that in the beginning of the decade of

1930, a leader of PCCh, Mao Zedong appears (Mao Tsetung), that decided to struggle to mobilize the Chinese country-folk and to transform him in revolutionary force, and he moved for the rural zones, with yours political lead, where they organized the politically party and they created an army from country-folk origin.

The Revolution, the people do in one day, but a government's construction is slow work.

It was in 1934, that the communists to the they be surrounded for

KTM armies, your leaders and servers, they undertook a retreat; and this day was known as the Great March, that lasted more than one year, where they died 92.000 people; during which they suffered many attacks, diseases, but they got to resist and they grouped, around 8.000 survivors.

In 1937, the Japanese invasion did with that PCCh and KTM, left of

your side disagreements and they formed a Second front, to struggle against the common enemy. During this war, the communists got to increase yours it influences, among the workers – proletarians in the areas controlled by KTM and your commandant, Chiang Kai-shec, that worried in fighting more against the communists; and for several times, he violated the pacts; and in one of those violations, your own generals arrested him, forcing him to negotiate with PCCh, and to resist to the Japanese.

Already in 1938, Japanese, already dominated great part of the

northeast of China, the interior of the valley Yangtzé; even Hangzhou; and the zone around of Canton, in the coast of the southeast.

With the beginning of II World War (1939-1945), the government led by KTM, it suffered an important military and financial weakness; because your allies were involved, with the world war. Taking advantage of this weakness the Chinese communists, they consolidated the occupation of great part of the north of China; and they were infiltrated in many rural areas. Great number of country-folk was organized and they joined in PCCh and in the Red Army - of the Popular Liberation Army.

Defeated Japanese, in II World War, in 1945, the alliance between

the KTM and the Communists broke up, and it start a way for the civil war, the corruption and the own authoritarianism of KTM., they impeded it of facing in same level the communist armies and your sympathetic ones; that struggled for the control of Manchuria.

With the creation of the Popular Liberation Army, in 1947, the

communists defeated the Nationalist Army (KTM), in Manchuria. In 1949, the partisans, and own Chiang Kai-shek, they took refuge in

Taiwan, old Formosa. With support of the USA, it traced plans of reconquering the Continental China.

In September of 1949, the communists met in the Popular Advisory Conference of the Chinese Politics - that defined the guidelines, and political beginnings; and an organic act to govern the country.

Mao Tsetung, was chosen and nominated President of the Central

Popular Government, of this Organism. On October 1o, 1949, more than 300.000 people met Tain´anmen, in

Peking, today Beijing, the majestic ceremony of inauguration of the New Republic, having as President of the Central Popular Government, the Mr. Mao Zedong, that proclaimed the foundation of the Popular Republic of China solemnly.

The deprived industry passed gradually to the control of the Mixed

property - State, USSR collaborated a lot in this time. All the foreign properties was nationalized, and they placed in

practice, wide programs of health and of education. As the external politics, in 1950, China and Russia, they sign an

agreement of friendship and alliance; and also with other neighbors. On this

same year China began the conquest of your older territories, Tibet and Taiwan.

The Quinquennial of Development Plan (1953 -1957), it used many elements of the USSR model; where prioritized the industrial investment, on the consumption; and the heavy industry on the light; in agreement with a centralized economical planning. The National Income increased in the base of 8,0%aa; an industrial base, that was inexistent was built; until that indispensable time, for the industrialization of the Country; including the production of airplanes and of automobiles, heavy machines and of precision - electric power equipment, metallurgy, mining facilities, steel of good quality and foundry of metallic leagues not ferrous.

In the power, the communists established a deep agrarian reform; a

continuation than they had already begun, in the liberated zones, before this your victory. In 1953 was consolidated, the control of the communist regimen.

In 1954, the Popular National Congress approved the rough draft of

the Constitution, that was a correspondent to the Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party. The basic politics of the communist regimen, was to transform China in a Socialist society, for so much it was used of the beginnings of the Marxism-Leninism.

The construction of a strong industrial base could only be used, extracting a great surplus of the rural areas, but around 1957, the production was stagnated.

In the search of solutions for the problems of the country, and on

behalf of the open debate, it was thrown a campaign so that " it sprouted 100 flowers and competing 100 thought schools” , that invited the people to create a system and to propose alternatives. As most never has or never had reason, to propose something for your own good, they only by chance get right; instead of proposed, the own people began to complain of the lack of democratic freedom, that is, liberality desire; questioning the government of Party; it was when an “anti-right-wing" campaign appeared, that repressed those that had manifested your opinion against the goals of the Party.

In 1958, Mao Zedong (Mao Tsetung) it threw the call "Great Jump Forward ", whose objective was cultivate the field and to industrialize the urban area. The economical initiative, social and politics of China in the end of the decade of 1950. It represented the great first mark in Mao Tsetung removal process, of the Soviet socialist model. The independent and rural commune became the basic beginning of the social life. It increased the cultivated surface and the agricultural production thanks to a rigid discipline and the enormous effort of the population. This plan authoritarian, dogmatic

and inflexible, took the whole China to the disaster; and the rural areas the widespread hunger. Official dates registered that 20 million died between 1959 and 1961, in what it was one of the worst tragedies of the century and one of the fewer published. In this same period, it began the Vietnam War - 1959 - that finished in 1975.

From 1957 to 1966 the socialist construction in great scale; the

industrial fixed assets of the whole Country increased three times, on the original value; and the National Income, increased in 58%, according to the compared prices; the principal industrialized products production, increased several times; they occurred to national level, infrastructure constructions, and technological transformations in the agriculture.

In 1962 Mao Tsetung made a solemnity critical of your mistakes, in the direction of the economy and it was substituted, by Liu Shao-chi (Liu Shaoqi), however it continued to drive the Party and to count with the important support of the Popular Liberation Army.

In this time, the relationships with USSR deteriorated, due the

ideological differences, emphasized by the Soviet leader Nikita Khruchev, in a pronounced speech in 1956. The alone separation felt in 1963, and the Soviet technicians left of China, taking the plans and original projects.

In 1966, the Army and the Red Guard's young students, seizing the

Book of Mao Citation’s , they began in the whole China, a campaign in the which they accused public employees and academical teachers, of reactionaries and followers of the capitalism.

It was in this point, that the "Great Cultural Revolution” of the

Proletariat began. All reaching the activity areas. (May of 1966 to October of 1976)

This was the largest movement of people of the China Popular

Republic history, happened in the decades of 1960 and 1970.

After the failure of the Great Jump, Mao Tsetung began in 1966, the Proletarian Cultural Revolution, that it was materialized in a campaign antirevisionist, denominated Cultural Revolution; during the one which the People and the Chinese Government, they suffered the most serious setbacks and losses, since the foundation of the Popular Republic. It was the victory of the ideological section more radical of the Party, that moved away of the moderate power elements, influenced the old habits, the costume, the culture and the way to think of the population. Mao believed that the principal obstacle for the socialism was the loss of the revolutionary spirit in China, mainly among Communism Party collaborator. In spite of the cultural and technological stoppage happened during the Cultural

Revolution, China detonated, in 1967, your first hydrogen bomb and, in 1970, it put in orbit your first artificial satellite.

The movement had beginning in Shanghai, extending to Peking,

today Beijing. The first manifestations of the red guards, in the Square of Tian`anmen (Peking), they surprised the veteran of the pictures of Party, that were not opposed the Mao, once your legitimation and the one of the regime depended on him. In October of 1966, the Red Book appeared, that exposed the thought of Mao. The red guards combated priests and teachers, in a society in that the wisdom and the consideration for the oldest were values extremely respected. The organization of the Chinese Communist Party was disintegrated and they grew up the Revolutionary Committees.

In January of 1967, the movement exploded in other urban areas. The opposition to the Mao formed your own groups of red guards, provoking violent confrontations in the streets. In 1968, Mao recognized that the disorder had gone too far.

During these years that the confrontations reached dimensions of civil

war, they died a lot of people, it is said million, among them Liu Shao-chi, the principal opponent of Mao.

It was in this time, that China had a significant intervention in the

creation of the Movement of the Countries Non Aligned; although it had not integrated formally, it sent technicians and hard-working, to support the programs of development of the Third World; among these programs the most important was the African railroad, that it unites Zambia to the Indian Ocean, crossing Tanzania; not seeking the ferrous, mainly the copper.

The revolutionary movement of many countries, they were inspired in

China, and they adopted war country-folk's strategies, elaborated by Mao Zedong and Lin Piao.

1.1.6) The Sixth Modifier Element of the Chinese Civilization - Crisis of the Bourgeois Liberalism - Structural Reforms - The Migrations of the

Field for Cities the proletarians' of the city enrichment and the proletarians' of the field impoverishment. - Globalization - Privatization

and the Unemployment; the Beginning of the Democratic Capitalist Chaos

At the beginning of the decade of 70, the First Minister Chu En-lai,

began conversations with USA, while Deng Xiaoping, man of trust of Liu Shaoqi, came back to the power.

In 1971, the government from China, got the necessary support, to

substitute Taiwan, as representative of China in the Organization of the

United Nations (UN). The USA they stopped Them hindering the decision, because they dazzled the advantages of improving your relationships with China. Because there it was a great potential consumer of your productive surpluses, or of industrial expansion; for which the consumerism of the superfluous, and of the lust it could become one of the support of the capitalism, in your expansion and consumerism needs; of joint-venture in China and of export, to China.

No capitalist wants to see the good of the other. The USA wants the market in potential of China, and not the good of the Chinese people. And nor of your own people. Bad knows the capitalists, that with this attitude, they promote the competition in your own internal market, with the products and imported services of any part of the world, the at such low prices, that will create high crises of unemployment; increasing the usury and the bourgeois' class - players of the Stock Exchange, turning the own Westerners vulnerable to the social conflicts, the civil wars, and the misfortune. The Capitalism is Cyclical, not only in the pleasure, as in the misfortune.

But the people Chinese, due your fetishist astrolatic religious

formation, has good intentions, from that the foreigner doesn't want to alter yours it nourishes basic; even to the other countries, if they don't suffer radical changes in your way of feeling, to think and to act; it is More altruistic, for that, let us see what says the Chinese Constitution, as the international relationships, in the Preamble of your Constitution:

" The successes of China in the revolution and in the construction, they would be impossible without the support of the people of the World. The Future of China, is intimately linked, to the rest of the World. China adopts an independent foreign policy; proclaims the five beginnings of the mutual respect, for the sovereignty and for the territorial integrity, of not mutual aggression, of non interference in the internal subjects, of equality and of reciprocity of advantages, and of peaceful coexistence, as beginning of the diplomatic relationships, and of the economical and cultural changes, with other countries; they are opposed firmly to the imperialism, to the hegemonísmo and the colonialism; it battles with view to the unit effort, with the people of the other countries; to gives every support the oppressed nations and to the countries in development, in the fair fight, to reach and to preserve, the national independence and to develop your economy; and to make an effort for to safeguard the world peace and to promote the human progress cause”... 4/12/1982

When exploding the conflict to the north, in the border with the of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -USSR, in the middle of the War of Vietnam, China was threatened by facing the United States and USSR, the

two world superpowers, in two combat fronts. She would also suffer the international isolation and the consequences of the internal chaos.

In 1975/1976 Chu (Zhou), Zhu De and Mao, veteran revolutionary

died - an internal dispute appeared among rival factions. The pragmatic ones and reformist prevailed, that removed advantage of the support that they had from public employees.

The Chinese Communist Party and the Army began the re-

establishment of the order and the revolutionary acme began your decline. The death of Mao allowed the imprisonment, in 1976, of the against-revolutionary clique of the call Group of the Four, among which it was the last woman of Mao, Jiang Qing; and Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wanga Hongwen - and suitable as responsible for the failure of the Cultural Revolution. In 1981 they were submitted to public judgement; being condemned and dead, for us to serve as example of immoral acts, unpatriotic and not republican; so that the population, of the penalties is become aware for conducts of this negative magnitude.

In the international plan, China was opposed all the allies from USSR; this way it supported the movement the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola and the Congress Pan African in South Africa; and it began to have worse relationships with Vietnam, after this country defeated USA in 1975.

In December of 1978, in the Third Plenary of the Eleventh Meeting of

the Central Committee of Party, Mr. Deng Xiaoping was totally rehabilitated and radical changes were announced in the economy.

With Deng Xiaoping, China began a new chapter, in your history, for

him it was rehabilitated, for the new direction of Party, and he had your recognized authority. This gentleman had gone General Secretary of the Central Committee of Communist Party of China previously. About your direction, this new leadership, in 1979, announced a politics of reform ambitious person program of economical development, that foresaw significant progresses in the agriculture, industry, defense, science and technology. With the reforms of the economical and political structures, he grew in a gradual way the road of the development, for the socialist modernization, with the Chinese peculiarities. With the application of this politics, China has been trying deep alterations, in your physiognomy, the economy has been moving forward in great speed; and the conditions of life of the People, it has been getting better vastly. This was up to now, the period of larger development, from of the foundation of the Popular Republic of China; but this can be illusory, because it is tending for the Democratic Capitalism, as it was already said highly pernicious to the sociability.

In 1979 China invades Vietnam, to give a lesson for having invaded Cambodia, and to drop the regimen of Red Khmer; and at the same time internally from 1978 to 1979, it was accepted a larger freedom of expression and critic, for their certainty they would be driven against the Cultural Revolution and yours responsible; appearing the movement of the Spring of Peking, that was centered in the " wall of the democracy ", in your majority without responsibility; where the citizens could exhibit posters, expressing your opinions. The wall also served so that the dissidents could distribute secret magazines.

It is evident that when you criticize them if they returned, against the

regimen, without adapted propositions the changes, that came to add to the defendants' rés - public Chinese; the such wall of the democracy was closed.

In the field, the popular communes were dissolved, and the earth was

redistributed in family units and leased to the State. They were introduced imposed in substitution to the production quotas; and the farmers were authorized to change your surpluses, for money, in the villas and cities.

China also announced that it would open your doors to the trade, to the investments and loans of the foreign. With view to attract the companies of the foreign; zones free or economical special were created., like Hong Kong and Macao, that offered incentives, as exemption of tributes, manpower and earth low price; similar to free trade zones of other countries.

Any decisions was last of the Ministries for the factory; that they

started to plan the production and the distribution, and to choose the supplying sources of matter it excels. To the youths proletarian, an employment system was offered, by contract, instead of naming them in a lifelong way, for an unit of production.

The creation of small companies was allowed, copying something

wrong of the selfish system of the capitalism, that is an illusion, of " small companies great businesses " a false illusion - because actually they are " small companies, with great problems ". There are few small companies, that survive, to produce in your majority superfluous products. That they compete to each other, to maximize the profit of the boss and to minimize the proletarian's salary . To concentrate the income; and not to distribute income;

To produce not for the happy of the mass (people); and yes to explore the people, for the happy of many few : the capitalists.

It is at this time, that appears the Societocracy Regimen, instead of the individual capitalist democracy and of the communism capitalist of State; where it doesn't preach the conflict between the Patron Class (Patronal)

and the Proletariat. For better understanding of this Utopia, that is not chimera, the Capital it will be manage, not for the State; and yes for Patronal, that won't be owner of the Capital, in the Societocratic Industrial System (where there is society); and yes Manager of the Capital. However the individual property, or of each one, be him Patron or Proletarian; it is not collective, yes social in the of Family or of Individual level, where applicable. The Manager of the Capital – Socialist Patron, has an earnings, an income, larger than the one of the Proletarian, that should only worry if with the work, internal of the industrial system, the one that belongs; because the responsibility of the Manager of the Capital – Socialist Patron, is larger than the one of the Proletarian - mainly in what he refers to the commercialization contracts, to maintain the industrial unit in constant operation. The Merit (capacity, competence, altruism and the situation) of Socialist Patron, it is measured, for the Proletarians and for the result of the Social Profitability of the Industrial Unit. A Socialist Patron can lose your function, for a Proletarian, that has more Merit; becoming a proletarian, for the managerial incompetence; for possessing more merit in Proletarian's function. It is vice-versa. The Profit has your application, in the re-investment of the expansion plans or modernization, in the dividends and allowances of Socialist Patrons and of the Proletarians. The taxes are calculated on profits, to collaborate in government's plans. Taking into account the Wages of Maintenance and the one of Wages of Productivity. Being the Wage of Maintenance independent of the Work or Job - Controlled by the Government - to See detail about this subject, in another exhibition. And the one of Wages of Productivity, depending, of the industrial cost, objecting, not the competition, but to the smallest price at high quality, to assist, the public cause, rés- public, planning all the social needs. The transference of the function position will be in way of Societocratic Election. (The Head of the Section, indicates the future boss, to substitute him, in agreement with the your Superior Head, and put the new boss's name, to be countersigned, for your subordinate ones, until the second step - if occur more than 85% of agreement, the suitable candidate assumes the function , of new Head . - to See detail about this subject, in another exhibition.

The ideal would be Great Companies, with small problems; but not to competitive, but to do the happiness of the people; that is the good to be minimum; without miserable poor and without lust millionaire.

Deng Xiaoping's Government, led off programs of progressive retreat of the subsidies to the prices of the consumption goods, to allow the market to determine the prices of some basic products, as the related with the feeding and the clothes, to stimulate the growth, promoting the consumption {This was not a correct attitude, under the socialist point of view, because the technological applications of the economical of market of the capitalist system are metaphysical, it is not based on natural science, as the

Sociology and the Positive Morals and yes in a mistake of the selfishness and metaphysician, because these phenomena are not based on the 7 simultaneous attributes - real, certain, useful, necessary, organic, relative and social, to represent scientific laws, for that they take the chaos in I dine it of the society, for we could not control your actions, because they don't follow any natural law - of as they happen these phenomena, seeking the LOVE among the Men; that is the Peace among the men – The Sociability.}. The diversification in products rose and for several years the wages increased. The restrictions inside and out of China, they went being gradually reduced; as well as the diversity of artistic expression began to be tolerated. But it is need that these changes that promoted some employment, promoted the generation of the inflation, mainly in the prices of victuals and clothes, and in the end of the decade of 80, the purchasing power, decreased. In the rural zones, the country-folk that had easy access to the urban centers, they were benefited, with the possibility to provision great markets, they put, the ones that lived in distant areas, they went being for he brings. He increased the pesticides and chemical fertilizers used, what initially made to increase the production; but the productive level began to fall, forcing the producers to use great amount of chemical products; that use forced to use dangerous levels, while the prices of the pesticides continued increasing. The Foresight Social deteriorated and the new employment systems began to generate insecurity; although it was given to the managers, the power to negotiate and to dismiss proletarian; and of determining production goals, it didn't feel to the unions, an action freedom in agreement with the changes. In this time, there was already a debate on the rhythm and the reach of the economical changes; and about a clearer separation, between Party and the State.

In 1986, there were a student manifestation in Shanghai, demanding freedom of press and political changes. The General Secretary of Party, Hu Yaoband, relatively youth was forced to renounce your position; and the conservative line, began a campaign against the bourgeois liberalism, to eradicate, what called western ideas, fundamentally the political pluralism - although they were also mentioned the communism and the corruption. Many considered, that it was treated from an attack to the politics economical maids, or better, reformed by Deng Xiaoping, because Hu Yaoband, was one of your coreligionists.

In 1989, Jiang Zemin, get the office of Central Secretary of the Committee of Communist Party of China, and in this time the tendency for the chaos walked to wide steps, and it was on this year, that the Government had to restrict the freedom, to reduce the order that was retrograde, with a progress that was anarchical. They happened important changes, and Li Peng, it took First Minister's office. As only has value the laws created with the ideas of human rights, for the other ones, that are not in the Group of the 8; because these that

command this group, they can make atrocities, on behalf of your regimen, and nothing happens; the international reaction to the repression, postponed the intentions of China, in coming, to get a larger economical exchange with the foreign.

In 1991, Great Britain, signed in Peking (Beijing) an agreement for construction of a new airport in Hong Kong, as part of the negotiations, so that the British colony, returned the sovereignty of China in 1997.

On this same year, in 1991, a third of the enterprise was in deficit and a State budget every more unbalanced day, it provoked the need of inevitable structural reforms. The Communist Part, headed then, to retake the process of economical liberation, suitable for Deng Xiaoping; that it allowed to maintain a stability in the political situation, an incessant development in the economy, and in the diplomacy more and more active. The agreement of Paris about Cambodia and the dissolution of USSR accelerated the approach of China with Vietnam. In this same time USA they broke them the “diplomatic ice” , that lasted long from of 1989; doing with that Beijing is respected the international agreement that limited the export of missiles. A high employee of Beijing visited Seoul, in South Korea, to participate in III Confers Annual of the Economical Cooperation of Asia and of Pacific (APEC) - there was the political prisoners' liberation.

In 1992, China stuck to the agreement of not nuclear proliferation. The Bush Government - father - he gave priority your commercial relationships, with China. Great political changes happened, as well as in the high commands of the Popular Army.

In the annual Session of the National Congress of the People, the General Secretary of Party, Jiang Zemin, was indicated President of Republic, becoming the first person, from of the death of Mao, to accumulate Boss's of State functions, and of Party and of Commandant of the Armed Forces; and being the First Minister Li Peng, it was confirmed in the position. The independence of Tibet, it was repressed relentlessly.

In the economical sphere, it felt beginning an austerity plan, in the

state apparatus, and the country--folk's taxes were high; and due to protest, the government retreated, and it removed the new ones imposed on the country-folk’s - 800.000.000 persons.

The Gross Domestic Product increased 12,5%, in 1992, however this growth had your first undesirable effects in 1993, when on this same year, Mr. Jiang Zemin, accumulates the President of Chine Popular Republic position, when the inflation of the first semester reached 20%, in spite of this the growth was of 13,5%; but Li Peng intended to limit the economical expansion for 9%, to reduce the inflation, in spite of the protests

of the coastal provinces like Guandong, one of the principal beneficiaries of the Chinese economical boom.

The social unequality, brought by the capitalism, in the great centers of the cities, among the new-rich capitalists (Industrial Capitalists Owners) and most of the Industrial Proletarians, added of the Proletarians country-forks ; they continued growing, and with these unequality, it appears in parallel, the migration of millions of people from the field for the city; creating more social and moral crisis. This took the Government to demonstrate prudence in the closing and / or privatization of state companies, considered by the capitalist system, as not profitable; because a fort unemployment increase, would still turn tenser, the already precarious social situation. See in the paginate www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista - in Several Goods - in Agricultural - and analyze the Article of my authorship - the Homeland and the Agrarian Reform”; as starting point for a Societocratic Agrarian Reform.

Another project that sought to limit the social effects of the

economical reforms was postponed. The project introduced a compensation for the proletarians' of the companies unemployment, that failed or closed your doors; however due to inexistence of a social security State system, including an insurance unemployment, it took the government to go back, for not rushing in too heady reforms.

In 1995, Jiang Zemin stiller consolidated your power, what stopped him in unbeatable conditions continuing in the leadership of the country after the era of Deng Xiaoping. The authorities continued concerned with the social reforms problems; and for that, they maintained the important subsidies the State Companies. The inflation was limited to 13% and the plan Quinquennial for 1996-2000, it foresaw an economical growth of " only - 8 - 9%” .

But in 1996, there was a western current that contend so that it

happened a separatist tendency, due to a social explosion. A form to discipline it did with that Chinese, took it makes arrangements, to choke a religious movements, that it was provoking anarchy in the Chinese State, when spreading in the area of Tibet, with the exhibition in public, the Dalai Lama's picture; Buddhist movement, disapproved , the disciplines traced by the State at public places e interfering with Priestly decisions, in the Chinese Temporary Government's politics; provoked public disorder.

The growth of the Gross Domestic Product - GDP, was around of

10%, while the inflation fell for 6%. the Efficiency lndustrial and the Foreign Investments, considered the machine of the economical growth, and not of the economical development, they increased something around of 20%.

It happened, that the foreign companies that settled in China, were favored to they be her authorized to convert the local coin in dollars or yenes.

As every Government, has difficulty of knowing the real price of the

product to be exported, many of the times, the unitary price is put, to a value very low, a lot of times below the cost, to pay little export tax; and when it reaches the destiny, he/she will also pay, little import tax USA (USA - they possess a larger control) - But the subsidiary or partner of the Import Chinese Company in USA, it reviews for the real price of domestic sale, in USA, to value of USA domestic market, highness; and the whole profit, is for there. And nothing is for the social benefices, of this great profit, concentrated in the hand of few, in foreign; anything or almost anything, it is transferred for the origin – China ; many of the times are transferred the payments extra officially for the origin, with objective of healing the financial difficulties of the Industrial Park Exporter, so that it stays in operation, demonstrating damages, for non payment of Income tax , in the origin. Oh it happens the fight inside of China, between the Exporters and the Chinese Communist Socialist Government, appearing the corruption; and mainly the unemployment, because the efficiency of the competition, to reduce the same, does with that the mechanization substitutes the man. It is an illusion this export under the point of view of the capitalist globalization; mainly to a country of the magnitude of the social problems – the China Population - For the American Importers or for Chinese there of the exterior, it is Magnificent. But Morally for the Chinese People, it is lamentable; because if for some it is lucrative; for most, nothing brings of benefit; because nor the Government, receives representative, to invest in the infrastructure, originating from of impost, of these commercial international transactions; in the hand of this voluble capital, of the into and go out, it is; the oscillation of the Stocks Exchange.

The Mr. Deng Xiaoping death, in February of 1997, after long

pathology, it generated inquietudes between diplomats and investors, however, the government's discharges authorities, guaranteed at that time, that the directions of the economical reforms, were not in game

The XV Congress of Politician Party, in October of 1997, confirmed

Jiang Zemin, in the Government's first position, it consolidated the politics of reforms, in your matter application to the State companies, and it rectified your traditional political system.

In March of 1998, the National Congress of the People, ratified the defined changes for CChP, in the previous year, including Jiang Zemin reelection as Boss of State and of the armed forces, with 98% of the votes. And Hu Jintao mentioned as possible successor of Zemin, vice-president was named, while Li Peng assumed the Presidency of the Congress or Parliament.

Zhu Rongji, Ex-vice-First-Minister, person in charge of the economy,

first minister was chosen; with a new integrated cabinet, in your majority for specialists in economy, tends for goal to proceed the adaptation of 370 thousand Sate Companies the norms of free trade rules; The process this that already took more than 30 Million unemployed.

Giving the economical reforms undertaken in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping,

Zhu Rongj's plans, turned nevertheless, for the structure of the financial capitalist system.

In June of 1998, the president Bill Clinton, made a trip of 9 days

China.

In April of 1999, it was the time of the First Minister of China Zhu Rongji, to visit the USA.O subject in subject was always the entrance of China in the World Organization of the Trade (OMC). it Happened in November. 1999 the First Manned Space Navigation.

In 2000, During X Quinquennial Plane , (2001 at 2005 ) the

Chinese Spatial Section will be intensified. In 2001 - In December of 2001 China turned officially into member of

the Trade World Organization. In, October of 2002, Jiang Zemin was interviewed with G.W. Bush, in

USA; and in, November of 2002, in the First Plenary Section of the XVI Committee of Communist China Party, Mr. Hu Jintao was chosen General Secretary of CC of CChP.

And in March of 2003, in the First Section of the National Popular

Assembly, it was chosen the New Popular President of China, Mr. Hu Jintao, that was interviewed with the President of USSR, Putin, in China. And many other contacts of Foreign Politics; they were accomplished on this year of 2003.

1.1.7) the Seventh Modifier and Definitive Element of the Chinese Civilization, that could serve as example for the All of the World; it is the suggestion that proceeds below described, of a REFORM OF THE ECONOMICAL POLITICS, with base in

the Positivist Doctrine and in the Oriental Fetishism, to avoid the Full Unemployment, of the Chinese Population, in case this doesn't come to choose for

the chaotic predominant regimen in the Occident. Ideas that they should be emanated from China, for the rest of the World, in the choice of a Societocratic Regimen, for the days today, for the Future of your People, and other countries, sympathetic of this evolution, for the Humanity's Good, here in the Earth Planet.

The SOCIETOCRATIC RENDAPTION.

I ask for permission firstly, to the People and the Chinese Government, as

human inhabitant, of this Earth Planet, and studious, of Augusto Comte's Works, in the original, to present a suggestion, of an State Organization, that for being most of the Chinese population, in the intelligence FETISHIST phase, reason this, of being easier to pass for the phase of SCIENTIFIC intelligence, without passing for the aberrations of the intermediate phases: theological and metaphysical, that are retrograde and anarchical; in which the Countries of the Occident live to today, to find the road, of the human harmony, of the Good to Be Social and Moral, of your populations; where more easily Chinese will be privileged, if they don't go, once again, illuded and mocked by the theologists and metaphysicians, that is: the religious, the politicians, the economists and the psychologists of the Occident. Chinese, they should not enchant if fully, with the material development, of the Occident, because in the spiritual and moral field, they leave very much to want. And as the Tripod of a Civilization support, for your balance, it depends on the Positive Morals, of the state of Material Wealth and of the Intellectual state (scientific, metaphysician, theological and fetishist) of your People, for it maintaince; Chinese for they be not destroyed in your Millenarian Culture, maintaining your habits, they can reach the state of development of the Westerners, in what he plays to the Material Field, without suffering damages in the Moral Field, of your religious beginnings and to absorb the sciences and the respective technologies of the Occident, in the Intellectual Field; As it is already doing, to the collisions and jerks, initiate with the Revolution of 1911, added of the Communist Revolution, led by Mao, in 1945; and now with the Democratic Capitalist Globalization.

For better understanding about Societocratic Regimen and the Positive Moral Education way, to assist the needs of the utopian system, but not chimerical, proposed by the author of this work, with base in Sociocratic Regimen, proposed by Auguste Comte; I suggest that contact my Internet site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista ; and if it goes of your pleasure, let us form a work group, in the SOCIAL SCIENCES ACADEMY OF CHINA, to discuss the proposals here suggested and another that can appear, from Positivist Doctrine; and to analyze the solutions, already subject and possible, of they be partially or totally, placed in practice, in China or in the World; through UNESCO, by UN. As the international financial part, it will be maintained; but the national, it can suffer modifications to assist; the to Live for Others and to Live without Lie; with the Love for Beginning, the Order for base and the Progress for Objective. The Human Problem, it will be solved, for the Feelings Education; subordinated the selfishness to the Altruism; the right to the Duties; the analysis to the Synthesis; the Progress to the Order. Having Freedom with Responsibility. Having a Constitution of Societocratic bases, to drive and to guide the decisions; for this reason, I am

writing a Constitution for Brazil, that would serve as base for you Chinese Politicians, they take as reference, for us to develop your prototype unit. It is also worth to know an Article of my authorship, on A Moral Council of UN, where it can be found, in detail, the Description of the DUTIES: Individual, Family (Domestic), Civic (Patriotic), Western, Oriental and Planetariums.

We will take advantage of this moment, and to do a reflection to suggest an idea of Economical Reform; that can serve as base for the future actions and discussions; nourished mainly in the Sciences Positive Sociology and in the Theoretical Moral Science Positive or Science of the Construction or Scientific Psychology.

It is need to remind that in the Positivism, Economy is not Science, but, a

technological application of the Sociology Science. As the Topography and the Accounting are technological applications of the Mathematical Science. As the mechanics is a technology of the physical science. To be Science in Positivism, there is need of the Natural Laws, that they govern the Science, they possess seven simultaneous attributes (real, useful, certain, necessary, organic, relative and social).

There will always be Rich and Poor; but a worthy Poor and a Rich one without lust. We will eliminate the Miserable and the Millionaires. Only the Merit will distinguish them. Alone equality of opportunity. But the earnings strip should be such that there is understanding among the parts. The individual and family property are respected; already the - State Industrial – The Enterprises have “ the origins of your Capitals, in Social, and your application in the Social ” (Aristotle)

In Capitalist Democratic Regimens, that they govern the Governments of the Occident, to the we analyze the state of life of the people of these Nations, we came across the painful and perennial contrast; the same probably happens with the communist regimens.

Contrasts these, that on a side, the small number of enjoyer, the ones that

usufructing of all the pleasures of the senses and of the intelligence and all the delicacies of the heart; and of the other the formidable people sufferer, of the ones that badly has the means of satisfying the most urgent needs of the Body or Soma and of the “ SOUL " or Psyche.

On a side the thieves of the public wealth, using and abusing of her; of the

other, the persons in need, that are resigned or they revolt, and all live camped in the Earth, without they have many of the times the bread and the shelter. Here, for the Occident, on one side the richest bourgeois, that wastes the fortune in the superfluous; on the other hand the proletarian more or less poor, to who to be absent the necessary.

On a side the opulent Family that it lives in palaces or luxury apartments, dressing dresses of silk and of leather, she eats rare delicacies, it frequents theaters of high price; to the children, that send for USA, to be formed in the bases of the Capitalism - with view to sharpen your selfish feelings; and to come with the ideas that are a beast group and that there gets rich with easiness; in against departure the families more or less miserable, that they live of rent, or in slums, or even please, in unhealthy buildings, that doesn't have clothes and it eats badly, that it is never going to the theater, that doesn't have fun, badly he knows how to read and to write; if he knows it still uses him the children child and the young daughters as maids or workers of manufactures or offices. They are educated for the stingy and egoistic television programs, that teach them to be violent or stupid, for the romance financed by the manufacturers of product of mass people consumption.

On a side the man and the Woman of brutalized heart, but the slender body

and beautiful face, brilliant and educated intelligence; on the other hand, the man and Woman, of good heart, but deformed body for the work precocious, or exhausting, abated face for the poverty, spirit without splendor, in the middle of the night of complete ignorance...

Before this hideous and painful show, do the thinkers of Altruistic feeling, question himself, with the tormented heart, with the disturbed spirit, with hesitating of the character, which the reason of this social state, where do they prove from, where it does converge?

Why so much opulence and so much poverty?

Why so many pleasures beside so many pains?

Why rich so many heartless and so many hearts without wealth?

We are not all children of the Humanity, we didn't inhabit all the same Earth;

didn't we breathe all the same Air? Why such great inequality of classes, that does of some enjoyer and of

other, sufferer; of some exploiters, and of other, explored; of some hangman and of other victims?

The answer the these questions, it implicates in the study and in the

meditation, already accomplished by the Positivists.

Firstly soon immediately, we affirmed that will be for the Feelings Education and later for a series of scientific teachings, of Natural Laws, that should educate in all the levels of age, mainly the Mothers; with view mainly subordinate the 7 selfish feelings, to the 3 Altruistic feelings, for the teaching of the Theoretical Moral Science Positive, where we found, the principal Duties, individual, family, civic, western, oriental descriptions and planetary, so that there is, continuity of the

construction and evolution of the Humanity, in a peaceful and evolutionary way; and non revolutionary.

Simultaneously, without any special reflection, so that great part of the evils

can be healed, and for most of the men to be happy - so much as it is possible, to be happy after having been born - if it goes other, the Economical Regimen of the Modern Society.

We didn't speak, nor of the capitalist communism of State, nor of the

individualistic capitalist democracy.

Maintaining the personal individual property and at family level, second formulates of the Right Roman " uti et abuti "; and with relationship the Industrial Property, where they enter the Proletarians and the Patrons - Social; where the Capital should have in your origin and destiny in the Social. In this case, the Social Property, has the Socialist Patron as Manager or Administrator of the Capital of the Industrial Company (industrial, trade, bank, service, mining, agriculture - livestock) not as owner of the Company Capital - it is not more capitalist. The Industrial property, will be then social.

Instead of inequality of Classes, there will be harmony among the classes;

Proletarian and Socialist Patron. Instead of Capitalist, we will have Laborist. To the individualism the economical pacifist socialism will happen -

Societocracy, instead of the Democracy. But will this be the solution, truly scientific of the problem? For this, in what he/she refers to Regimen and the Economic Technology,

we will Interrogate the Positive Sociology Science; because for us, Positivists, only her, it can feel an appropriate answer.

We go there. Firstly the definition: Positive Sociology: It is the Science that has for Object the Social Organism

and Your Development, that is, the Study of the Order and of the Progress (Normal and {Pathological [Retrograde Order and Anarchical Progress]}) of a Society; the Sociology aims the establishment of the Natural relationships through the ones which, being known the formation and the structure of a Society, we can foresee your present and future conditions of existence and of your behavior; the Sociology has for Method, the historical filiation that is the way of to ratiocinate for which induced through the contemplation of successive phenomena .Note: Due to the fact that in the sociological investigation is had as sources of observation of the

Religious Vestiges (Feeling); Scientific (Intelligence) and of Politics (Actions - Character), it is not able as in the Morals to know the Affective factors so deeply that created such vestiges; this doesn't mean, that don't have present state, that is; participated, therefore nothing is indifferent before the Feeling, the affective part is just deeply analyzed in the Moral Science. See in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista , details about this science.

Any Positive Science, has for objective, to foresee the phenomena whose laws natural abstractly institute her. The Positive Sociology doesn't escape the rule. The complexities of the social phenomena just allow a political event to be foreseen, not with the same, precision, that is, with that a celestial phenomenon is foreseen; it can be foreseen when it will happen a revolution, not in the same precision that an eclipse is predicted. The certainty degree is the same in the two sciences, when, for the observations of the facts social or cosmic, respectively, the coming of the social convulsion, or the accomplishment of the sidereal phenomenon is induced. With certainty we can affirm that the convulsion will happen or not.

In the two mentioned cases, the future is the projection of the past, with the

fittings of the present, according to Natural Laws, that regulate the corresponding phenomena.

In the case in subject, in the sociology, it consists the problem, precisely in

knowing, which the sociological laws, of the material activity or economical technology, from them to deduce, the normal future, of the Individual Property and the Collective Property.

To the we observe the human society and the societies of the other animals, in the time and in the space, in agreement with the data of the history and of the geography, we verified, seven beginnings of the work or of the real and useful action, of the Humanity on the Earth; as below described:

The Work is always Social: first in the Family, later in the Homeland; and

last in the Planet; The Work accumulates, forming the Capital; because The man produces more than it consumes; and Each product, it can last more time than the necessary to reproduce; The work is produced; first by all, for all; and later by all for some; The work has first collective appropriation, and later individual appropriation;

The social spontaneously appropriation, it converges in social systematically appropriation, changing the absolute individual ownership, in relative individual

ownership, by the possessor's transformation, in administrator of the Capital, in the one that refers the Enterprise corporations and Incorporations; the individual property and of the family, they continue absolute.

All these beginnings or principles, are explicit or implicitily contained in

Auguste Comte's great Job – The System of Positive Politics or Agreement of Sociology, in 4 Volumes.

It doesn't fit in the scope of this work, to demonstrate and to justify the

existence of these natural beginnings, because it would be very extensive this work; it is for another opportunity; but as all the Technological Beginnings, don't flee the Economic Technology, in these 7 Economical Beginnings, that they reflect the approximate image of the reality, in the time, in the space, in the geography and of the level educational morals of the society in analysis; in the same way that, in astronomy, where you eclipse seemingly circular, they are considered true circles; depending on the point that is the observer. The same happens in the physics, when the coefficient of the acceleration of the gravity is calculated, in the sea level it is a value, in the altitudes it varies, as it is demonstrated by Isaac Newton's Law or of the Universal Gravitation.

For these beginnings, we recognized Sociologically the Socialization of the Capital and your Individual Administration, or relative personal ownership in the industrial companies; and absolute ownership in the individual and family properties; already plus, the individualistic capitalist in the Industry, where the patron is owner of the Capital; therefore, for that road, we will have condition of solving the economical problem, eliminating the poverty and the luxury; if we distribute each worker, the necessary proportion of the capital for the maintenance of your Family - Wage of Maintenance; distributed by the State; and the Wage of Productivity, it pay by your Industry, where the Proletarian and Patronl work. The Public Employees will have a Wage of Maintenance appropriate, proportional to the years of public service and your Merit (Competence, capacity, Altruism and situation), with an employment warranty; that doesn't happen in the case of the Industrial Workers; seeking with the public employees, to favor the evolutionary continuity, of the plans of Progress and of the development of the Order, and not for a revolutionary form of transformation of the culture and of the politics of the Chinese People; that will always favor the political instability.

When distributing each worker, the proportion of the necessary capital, for your maintenance and of the Family, it is only distinguished economically, of the capitalist's family, with relationship to the organ of social representation; lucky that the proletarian, the worker, as the capitalist, the boss, the patron, have both own home, and sustain the Family, giving him material food, the physical ways of the existence, the mental and moral education, common to all, lucky that some and other, exempt forever of the work, in the industrial activity, - the Woman; during the smallest age - the male children and in the age - the adults; lucky that all participate, without economical sacrifice, of the parties and amusements and satisfy the selfish needs fully, indispensable to the development of the Altruism.

Like this to get that desire - desideratum, in all your fullness, is necessary

an integral transformation of the opinions and of the habits, by the unanimous conversion of men and people, to an only Doctrine, that is for the society and for the individual, what is the astronomy for the navigation.

But, for it takes place this metamorphosis, it is already possible, we go

practicing the economical solution extolled by the Positive Sociology Science.

The Socialism Communist or collectivist, liberal or authoritarian, that it is still sustained at certain countries, with in own China, he already find weakened, for the reasons, that they can be seen in my article Comte and Marx, in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista , as well as the democratic capitalism, as being chaotic and anarchical, as it can be seen in another article of my authorship " The Modern Slavery” , in the same site, above suitable.

It is, there is not doubt, that in all the aristocratic or democratic bourgeoisie,

and in all calls monarchies, or republics that of rés - public, nothing possesses, the Altruistic Statesmen, it are already going convincing, that the Capital Socialization, is imperious owe of the present hour. China has conditions of giving the Example, firstly inside your Homeland.

Unhappily the officials defenders of the socialism, members of the

temporary power, in bourgeois States only are by the force of the circumstances and not for the sincere convictions.

In your majority they are as certain individuals, that live in the luxury and in

the opulence, occupying all the falling positions from the old society in decadence; exploring this society, and they spread that are revolutionary exalted; are said anarchists.

They are these that represent the socialism in several countries, and that are to adulterate the proletarians' aspirations or better saying of the popular aspirations; and with this, delaying the radical transformations, that the society needs. They are these that provoke the violent reactions in the Proletariats, exactly angry, with the half measures, only ordained as consolation means, to postpone " sine die ", the economical reform that our World needs, with so much urgency.

Happily, the unanswerable and uncontested fact, is that day by day, it

increases the movement of the proletarian, many of the times still guided by the authoritarian communism, that is the Bolshevism; and the wicked democratic capitalism, delaying the economical solutions, suitable for the Positive Sociology; the one that the western governments and occidentalized, come to provoke for the third time, a great social catastrophe, for a near future. It is with certainty that the western power, it will place the blame in the Arabs or in the Jews or in the China, to justify your decision, that are resolved for the wars. It is later they join for reconstruction of what it remained of the losers countries; and they collect of these

countries the value of the investment and the service of the debt. At this time China shows happily, that has armament and military conditions of doing front to the others retrograde of the Occident; and it can propose a honorable exit for the Humanity's peaceful evolution.

For that, it is of good reminder, that the Chinese Government, put your precaution in alert, and if possible it adopts internal measures, that they can assure, you practice immediate of great rules, more assaults of Political Economy, for the Good to Be Social of your People; and then, they can suggest, the same solutions, to the other Countries in development, the such ones as, the below indicated :

· 1) To Give the Industrial Property, the social character, transforming the current owners of the capital or capitalist in administrators, in Laborist, as the Proletarians. · 2) To Maintain the Individual and Family Property, the personal character, maintaining them as owners of your private properties. · 3) To Make arrangements so that each Family comes to possess the necessary, for your material maintenance, mental and moral positive; dispossessing. It is been it goes like this need this occurrence to be characterized, a dispossession as of public usefulness; in the such amount, that the dispossessed capitalists, they could continue have, as portion not dispossessed, any damage, for your own maintenance and of your family, for us to support such dispossession;

4) To Consider the Wage, in two great groups, in this initial phase; a Wage of Maintenance, for all the inhabitants of the Chinese Nation, for the Proletarian's maintenance and of Socialist Patron, of same value; that remuneration of Work is not considered, remunerate for the government, with base in certain social considerations; and a Wage of Productivity, that enters as industrial cost, this yes, it will be of remuneration of the work, retired of the company where they work.

If there is condition of placing in practice these 4 precepts, the rich ones,

would not lose of whole the superfluous ones, and the poor would have the necessary. It would stay the right of material individual property; recognized explicitly your socialization ; for that right, the owner would use freely your property and for that recognition, he would be this right limited, with a natural aptitude of the dispossession, in favor of the Proletarians.

Until the coming of the Positivist Doctrinaire reform, those beginnings

imposed by the material force, for the Temporary Power, for the Government, they would prepare the necessary economical way, to the coming of the Morals ideas, of the Duties; and of the mentality capable of confraternization - for the Love - of all the hearts and of all the intelligences.

Decreeing these norms, it doesn't constitute attack to the individual freedom, since the freedom, of each one, be limited for the freedom of all. Freedom with social responsibility.

Because it is not a crime against the poor freedom, not to allow him to be

instructed, what does to enjoy of the delicacies of the science come and of the art, usufruct comfortably of the joys of the Family, do participate integrally of the social life, and finally to deprive him of the social capital, done monopolize by the rich ones?

Because it is not an abuse of the men's of the work of the trade freedom and of the financial work, against the men of the industrial work, they acquire of the night for the day, in a simple purchase transaction and sale, true gambling; dozens, hundreds, thousands of dollars, to waste them, in the superfluous, or to keep them in own joy; and do they just remunerate with some crumbs of few dollars, the hard-working poor, subjects to the continuous effort from 8 to 10 working hours a day?

Against that individual freedom badly understood, that it is redundant in the

criminal exploration of the social capital, of the capital that it is of all, legal measures already have been take, for gradativamente to have altered this picture, so awful, of the Humanity's evolution. The individual appropriation doesn't exclude them.

Among the communism without difficulty of the radical socialism and the absolute individualism of the democratic capitalism, with the right in vigor; we suggested the normal solution of the Positive Socialism or Societocracy; that gives us the Individual Ownership and Social Administration; with base in the DUTIES and in your respective Disciplines.

In case, the historical moment goes other, it was able to with great chance

to happen this transformation, in a spontaneous way, since the current ones rich if they sensitized, with actions that were redundant, in the elimination of the pauperism and of the capitalism. To the poor it would not lack the comfort, of the full social life, under all the aspects; and to the rich ones, the superfluous esbanjavel would not remain, in the surpluses of the selfishness.

But, " conciliante in fact, and inflexible in the beginnings ", seems us to

behave the modern society, when decreeing to the State, the Temporary Power, the four rules, capable to begin the economical transformation of the World; from that simultaneously come to build an Education of the Feelings, where the selfishness is subordinate to the Altruism; the right to the Duty; the progress to the order; the analysis to the synthesis; with a Societocratic Constitution.

The material property is for the organism collective or social, what is the nutrition, for the individual organism. And as to Love it is necessary to eat, therefore " the instincts more noblemen are subordinated to the rudest " - it is one of the laws of the Scientific Psychology - or of the Theoretical Moral Positive

Science, or Science of the Construction - fair is, that the moral improvement of the society, be facilitated, for the material conditions of the existence.

Eliminated or reduced the poverty, enjoying the happiness of the existences,

thanks to the indispensable monetary financial ways, it is capable the society, that is constituted in your majority of Proletarians, of poor of several categories, to improve your moral state positive (altruism) and mental (scientific intelligence) ; and to await the synthetic reform of the life, the integral transformation of the opinions and of the habits, by Positive Doctrinaire reform.

I know that it is difficult putting in practice such action; on one side, the dominant bourgeoisie, in the government ways and the capitalist bourgeoisie in the industrial means, they would lift on them, unbeatable barriers, although some of your members, broke up with the prejudices of the class, they proposed them and they defended them; and on the other hand, the most radical socialists, the freedom communists, with the same intransigence and for opposed reasons, they would not support them.

This way the panorama, where the revolutionary movement is processed,

more and more accentuated, and more dangerous, characterized by the prevalence of a full State communism, or anarchist, in dispute with a full chaotic democratic capitalism; through a Globalization non Fraternal; until the final explosion.

It is with certainty, that not to break of a Nation, of deep ballasts, like China

Fetishist, the analyze and the action, of the proposed in this document; the transition process will be bitter and unjust to the humans; the oscillations between victories and losses, of these economical sects, that after they recognize your inapplicability of your extreme solutions, it will bring the prevalence of the medium solution, that is, the Positive Solution – The Laborist Societocracy.

It is probable, that can elapse years, decades, centuries; although the prophecies of scientific base, don't lie. But with certainty it will triumph one day, the Positive Solution of the Economical Problem, as it has already been triumphing, the solutions positive or scientific of many other problems of the terrestrial existence.

This way will have missing the painful show, originating from of this painful

contrast : poor thirsty of the necessary, and the rich ones satiated of the superfluous...

Dear Chinese, only through You, that they had the Gift of the Nature, in

receiving of the " Sky ", the illumination of they have deep roots in the Spontaneous Fetishism and mainly in Astrolatic, it will be possible to develop, more quickly, for that reason; analyze the proposal of Societocratic Political Economy and of Societocratic Regimen, as the only road, to harmonize the Destiny of the

future generations, not only of You, as of the other people of the World, for the Well Being Moral and Social, of OUR HUMANITY EVOLUTION !

1.2) The General Theory of the Concrete Chinese Development Civilization .

Until this point of the exhibition, of this detailed work, we were in charge of not only of the Political Economy, as well as firstly of the Abstract appreciation of the Chinese Civilization, that is, we established which were your fundamental characters, common to all the classes and the all the ages of this long evolution

We became aware, that the mental base of the Chinese civilization, is the

Systematized Fetishism, for the cult to the Sky; and we established soon after, which were the elements, modifiers of this civilization; and we proposed the Positivists ideas, for they be accepted in future, by this great Yellow race people, since it is of spontaneous and gradual form.

Of this fundamental base, we deduced soon after, the general characteristics of the Family and of the Society.

We verified as the Family, founded on the filial respect and the cult to the ancestors, it is still the base of this Society, and that should continue being; and we also perceived that the own Government, it was conceived according to the type of the Family and not according to the Divine type; primordial distinction, to the that they call the principal characters of the corresponding government.

We verified the complete absence of the regimens of the castes, in a such society, and that in reality, it doesn't have wants if the real caste, in spite of the necessary hereditariness to the supreme function; - then an admirable combination, of independence and of submission, being the filial obedience and the paternal command, instead of abstract obedience and of the arbitrary command, that the theological conception makes to appear. Here is the summary, of the summary, of the Abstract Appreciation, that was indicated in the previous paragraphs of this job; however there is need of we understand, the Theory of the Concrete Evolution of the Chinese Civilization.

Why, this Society, whose bases essential, abstractly determinate, did it grow

indeed, in the middle of a certain number of private circumstances? They are the main phases of this concrete evolution, that we will present

from now on, under Positivist Doctrine’s point of view, that is, Doctrine this Scientific one; and finally from her we will deduce, as end of this work, a Systematic Conception of the Chine Current Situation, as a Moral Potency, Intellectual and Material, from that your Leaders come spontaneously to hug a Scientific Doctrine, and show to the World, the happy result of this communion, for being through her much easier to pass from a state fetishist to the one scientific state; of the one that the other civilizations that are still in the disturbing and anarchical and retrograde phase, of the theological and metaphysical intelligence.

1.2.1) First - THE Interior Development, of an Industrial and Peaceful Society, under the double direction: of the Monocratic Power and of an Administrative Class (Learned); recruited through regular exams, in all the Social Levels of your population up to 1905. That is, a summary Theory of the two forces that drove the development of the Chinese Civilization: Emperor and Learned Class. Before exposing the this Evolution Theory, firstly we should analyze summarily, two different and elementary phenomena, whose action and simultaneous combination, they presided the social development of Chinese, up to 1911. This two phenomena are: First an Imperial Family, that was represented by an only individual, that was your heard ; in second, a private class, that will designate for the name of Learned Class, that it doesn't reach your constitution, except after Confucius, but whose the foundations already existed very before. Such a they are these two phenomena, that presided the gradual development of this civilization and that developed with it.

1.2.1.1) we will study in first place the first elementary element of the Chinese civilization, and that it constituted your middle of unit; to know an only individual, the Emperor, in that concentrated the general direction of the Society. The Emperor always belonged to a Special Family; so that the hereditariness, served as base, the this supreme function of the social organism, for an exceptional quite based, so that it is not easy prepare, at once, your reason of being. But this hereditariness didn't have the absolute character, of the hereditariness theocratic. The Emperor chose your successor, not only the Empress's son enters, but he enters the legitimate concubine's children, that allowed him the Chinese law; lucky that the supreme succession, could touch, in a Family habitually numerous, truly to the worthiest, that is, that in that the Merit to exercise the function, roots the closest to yours; so that there was the continuity.

The hereditariness theocratic, on the contrary, has an absolute character; the firstborn necessarily happens the father; in old China, on the contrary, the hereditariness, has a character of public order, in way to combine so much as possible, in a such situation, the natural advantages of hereditariness, with the one of the choice.

The existence of this first elementary social phenomenon, in every course of the history of China, is unanswerable; and it can be seen from the time of the oldest traditions, even in the middles of the century XIX; an only individual, belonging to a Special Family, governing China and choosing your successor, among the sons. Provoking like this a slow and solid form of evolution and not an abrupt speckle revolutionary; as it happens nowadays. Among the fundamental impulses that they dominated all the Emperors of China, it is necessary to consider two different elements and corresponding to two orders of functions:

1.2.1.1.1) the Element of the armed force or military impulse, and the

1.2.1.1.2) element peaceful, industrial, administrative and paternal, in resume.

These two characteristics, of intimate impulses, were in all the Chinese Emperors, any that was your origin and your situation.

With relationship to the military element; because your existence is inevitable; all civilization types, that grows in contact with other civilizations, has need of power to defend; on a side, the need to repress the fights, the interior disturbances, in resume, of maintaining the execution of the Duties and the Right State, for that, it develops this military element. Of course for this destiny, more than for any other, the concentration of the power was made indeed, in the Emperor's hands. Also the Emperor of China, had a degree more or less developed of military character. This military element respected as essential in the constitution of the power Monocratic, that always governed the China of the Emperors period.

To this military character, character suggested by the situation, it always joined a disposition peaceful, industrial and administrative, that emanated of the own nature of the corresponding civilization. As it was already said that the Government of the time of the Emperors was taken by loan to the Family and not to the type of the Divine Arbitrament. It is followed then, that the Emperor was always become pregnant, according to the Chinese expression, as being the father and the mother of your people, as representing, in that time, all the aspirations and all the heads of the Family Duties, the courage of an and the tenderness of the other; what is, as we already said in summary, the necessary consequence of the persistence of the civilization fetishist. That it still prevails in the breasts of the Chinese Families, even with it influences of the said modernization introduced by the foreign factors until the days today.

These two elements (1.2.1.1.1 and 1.2.1.1.2) of the it summons constitution of the Monocratic Power, it played a part more or less high and grandiose; therefore the military element it prevailed; therefore the element is pacify, industrial and administrative. Though the general tendency of the Chinese civilization, in your base, consisted of doing to prevail, more and more the industrial and peaceful character.

But does fit to know where it came the primitive Family what from it supplied the starting point of this succession of imperial families, of that time? It is evident that the coordination of the Families, in a society always emanates of an individual, or for better saying of a preponderant Family. The situations establish the social problems, but your solution always belongs to an individual organ, say what the vague humanitarian thinkers said and say. There is not doubt that an only individual that gathered the a hundred families was, of the which it intends the Chinese population to descend – “ The native population of China, it is designated by own Chinese, under the name of Pet-sing - the without families - second a tradition that fastened numbers of those that had formed the first nucleus of the Nation " (Abel of Rémusat, Miscellany Asian); where was gathered and they formed like this a first degree of astrolatic systematization in your spontaneous fetishism. The individual that instituted the first group of this civilization, that gathered the a hundred families, it should have been the founder, necessary of the first imperial family, placing your family naturally in front of this civilization; and it supplied this way, the first type, to this respect.

Which was the factor of the Imperial power, whose origin and does composition summon have just explained? In first place the imperial power, was an element, indispensable of unit, of stability and of order. It was for this concentration and this hereditary transmission, that the union and the order, they could be maintained; and that the society can be truly founded, for the course of all the aspirations, for an only center, that represents them and he ties them. In second place, had the imperial power, a military character, became at the same time, form of expansion and of defense, for the correspondent society. It was in this power, that it grew up the function naturally of repelling the foreign attacks, and of congregating for a mixture of force and of civilizing action, the adjacent populations, in way to give the Chinese civilization, at the same time all your extension and all your stability.

It is necessary to complement, that the imperial power, was also an element of interior progress. The job prepared by the predecessors' work, it always received your sanction and your definitive consolidation, from of China eminent emperors', that they proclaimed the progresses and they incorporated them definitively. It was this way that in China, the necessary element of the unit of consolidation, of expansion and to of progress of the correspondent civilization, it was begun at that time from imperial power. 1.2.1.2) The Lettered Class - we verify now, the Second force elementary, that presided the destinies of this great Nation and of your civilization, the Lettered Class; in the Emperors era.

The nature of the Chinese civilization repelled the regimen of the castes, as it was already established and it is the essential point. But this civilization, was necessarily made to appear, an illustrious class, of knowledge administrative, lettered and cultured, and that should always assume the direction of the social, under the Imperial supremacy. The accumulation of the capitals return inevitable, allowing a direct intellectual culture, and the appearance of a distinct class. And doesn't tend this class if constituted in a caste, for the absence of the theological intelligence, in China, it turned into an illustrious class, having it necessarily influences, and that it influenced naturally the China administration, in the Empires period This class that appeared from the premiere of this civilization, grew more and more in a industrial population; but this class, didn't become the lettered' class, nor it was systematically constituted except by the impulse of Confucius and of your school - But it is also noted in Tchéou-li or rites of Tchéu, the complete picture of the Chine administrative organization, among the Centuries XII and X, before the Christian era. And this document, in addition teaches us, more direct and more shortly Chou-king, gives us, the decisive proof of the existence of the Directress Class, with your general characters that are presenting.

Until the appearance of Confucius, we have knowledge of many ministers, administrators, generals, etc., etc., and not of different castes, but in the most educated part of the population, but without fixed rules, and without a doctrine coordinate, that served as flag and of interface point. It was with Confucius, that this class found your Master or Doctor, your organizer.

For this reason it is that we will consecrate, in this work, a chapter, a systematic appreciation of the great school, of the which this eminent philosopher is the founder. Which is the function of the Lettereds' Class, in the Chinese civilization conjoined?

This class was the regulator organ of the Progress, per centuries, because it could surrender to a social industrial scientific activity, that the regimen of the castes, didn't tend to compress and to restrict in invariable limits; persisting inside of the disappearance successive of the Chinese dynasties, of that time; she was at the same time the organ of the true social continuity. On another side, this class acted as form of reaction to the imperial power, of that time; to limit this power spontaneously and to reduce in him the power army, and it impelled to the development the element industrial peaceful. The Lettered Class developed in the emperors, the paternal character, building in them an altruistic style of conduct, and it impelled slowly, but in a continuous way, to the accomplishment of this type of conduct. It was for your influence, that gradually took place, an admirable system of general administration. Finally, we can say that was this Class, that it promoted a regulator organ of the public opinion, against the inevitable ravings of the supreme function, that supplied like this a modifier force in the director element.

It was like this with certainty that these two general forces - Emperor and Lettered Class, they presided the evolution of the Chinese civilization. This way we can say that finished the abstract appreciation of the bases of this Civilization; determining your directors forces soon after; and we possessed like this of this art, start up point, that it will go in the definition of the theory of this great sociological phenomenon, still so badly appreciated in it conjoint ; in spite of numerous and interesting works, whose details if they lose without scientific content, in your explanations.

Very much later, in the century XX, the big influence of the Bolshevist Communism, it came to contaminate not in way perfect, but necessary, this whole great fetishist evolution; then the Positivism, was not known; but the communism, brought and has been bringing, great scientific contribution for the Chinese technological development, in a revolutionary way; but in the moral and sociological field, he has been leaving a lot to want; because the communist doctrine, as the democratic capitalist doctrine are imperfect for the human Being; as in all the other civilizations, oriental

and Westerner. But for the scientific suggestion, peaceful and industrial, in that the positivism can collaborate, we waited with this work to bring something more, to determine the peaceful direction, for the Chinese People, that will be able analyzing and hereafter to implant, if it goes like this of the sympathy of your People and of your Rulers, because these are well more united, for the fetishist culture ; therefore, it will be much easier of to understand and to comprehend, the Societocratic Regimen; and later to spread it for everyone.

1.2.2) The Decomposition of the Chinese Conjoint evolution in your essential phases.

It is necessary before everything to eliminate a mistake very

vulgarized, about the assumed immobility of the Chinese civilization, in these centuries before the centuries XV to the XIX, when they happened many Western influences.

As a way to see that the western ignorance still today, it turned very

persistent and that the Chinese population should already have reaching, from the most remote antique, a certain state, and that in your whole, it had never surpassed.

This conception still constitutes for most, a true mystery, in that your explanation was impeded, until having come out a recourse, to explain a scientific extraordinary revelation.

Because it admits without some revelation, the spontaneous coming of an extensive civilization; what is evidently absurd. It would not be known, with effect to explain, due to that mystery, two thousand years before Christ, a social state existed so developed; that it appeared like this suddenly and soon later was perfectly inert. Many erudites of the past, high intellectual level, concerned to give the Chinese Civilization a date as remote as possible, they supported this conception. They took literally, the dream of the age of the Chinese Lettered' gold. The Lettereds placed in an absolute point of view, they should have transported for the past the ideal type of your civilization; of such a luck that for all of them, that all new progress, was a return the a type of age of the primitive gold; process of intelligence absolute, to sanction the necessary innovations, without interrupting the continuity ;logical process that found for every part, and that the only scientific intelligence can substitute by morality of your relative character. This dream of the age of gold, placed in the beginning of the Chinese civilization, respected very seriously, for the honest erudites, it gave consistence to the absurdities prejudices of the western ignorance. But this opinion is entirely irrational; the Chinese civilization inaugurated as all the other ones, for the rudest state. The primitive traditions, describe your first tribes, just having huts, living of herbs, etc., etc., finally, the state in that we

found in your origin and in all the other civilizations. The Chinese civilization, developed, as all the other ones, of a state entirely inferior, and it arrived for a long and gradual development, to an immense extension, so much social as territorial.

However, there is in the conjoint of this civilization, a great character that can give a certain appearance, the absurd opinion that we have just refuted; it is that the evolution of the Chinese civilization, always continuous, and that always consisted simply of developing the embryos of your primitive organization; but this great character that we will give prominence here, is an admirable title, to all true philosopher's respect, very far away of being an inferiority sign, as it still supposes the western anarchy.

It is a beautiful phenomenon that the normal state will only be able to accomplish, for all the societies, this prolonged development of the civilization; but always, though with the same character; instead of the changes more or less abrupt, and more or less heterogeneous, that presents us the successions of the phases of the western civilization; but however among the centuries XV and XX, the disturb of the order and of the progress, they were introduced partly of China, provoking great conflicts; As nowadays we have her it influences of the Westerners, with to you idealize of capitalist democracy - theologism, and other anarchism. We still see, with effect, in the Occident, starting from the Theocratic State, a succession of heterogeneous social states interlinked to each other, that they constituted, the evolutions Greek, Roman, Catholic-feudal, and that none of the which known how to do convenient justice the precedent, and habitually until she doesn't know except cursing her. The revolutionary evolution, initiate in the century XIV, worsened many, your mental states. We verified a series of abrupt changes to happen, having in reality, to each other, a true connection, almost that imperceptible.

The China presents us with effect, in your long history, numerous interior commotions; but the one what were these due commotions?

They resulted of the need of changing, of times in times, in that time,

in the Imperial Family, the director element, that is the central force of the society. Of course the preponderant situation of the imperial power of that time, in spite of the spontaneous limits, that the opinion and the Lettered corporation inflicted him, and that tended to disturb after certain time, the intelligence and the morality of the nature very little eminent, that sometimes arrived á supreme function. The interior disturbances also came from these changes of dynasties that became necessary. Some of them were serious. It was treated with effect of substituting the fundamental organ, that that blanket the unit: the unit of the populations, and that found for consequence tied it all the habits, in the correspondent population. These changes are also accompanied of your commotions; but these commotions, don't alter the fundamental character of the population. It is an organ that is eliminated

after it exercised your function in the social organism, second a similar work that, that he usually takes place, in the individual organism; however, accompanied of a transitory pathological disturbance; but these revolutions don't ignore the social continuity. However in the Occident, second such an absurd, as immoral conception, to sanctify this pathologic state; instead of regretting him ; to consider as a truly normal state, a state without rules and without limits; as recently we have been appreciating in the many leaders' of the Occident attitudes. But these sad pathological dispositions explain because the organic and normal development of a great civilization was taken, as an inferiority sign, for brutalized intelligences, for the anarchical spirit, that dominated and it dominates, same those, that are considered the more conservatives, of here of the occident. If we consider the conjoint of the Chinese civilization, we see that he extends, in way sufficiently authenticate, from of the year 2.500 before Christ, until the date today; even with all absorption of the Communism and of the Democratic Capitalism. It is normal not to tie great importance to this number of 2.500. However the figures always have a true logical usefulness, above all in sociology, when they refer the primitive times, to limit very natural divagations. But your scientific importance, with relationship the primordial times, it is not so big, as in relation to the most recent times, sees the exalt slowness of the social evolution in your origins. It is because, during a period of more than 6.000 years that grows in a continuous way this great civilization.

The evolutionary history of the Chinese civilization can be divided in seven (7) great different periods, through an analysis Positive or Scientific:

1.2.2.0) From the Remote Antique and the Slave Society: before the formation of the Chinese State. 1.700.000 years up to 2860 b. C. with Legendary Governors.

1.2.2.1) General appreciation of the First Phase of the Chinese Civilization (Of 2850 years B.C. to the year 207 B.C.), - and the Dynasty Xia (Hsi) the oldest, that began in 2070 B.C.; going by the Dynasty of Shang - (1600 B.C. AT 1046 B.C.), passing, also for the three dynasties of Zhou (Chou); until Dynasty Ch´in (Qin) (Thsin) - in the year 210/207 B.C., that is, having as the First Emperor, Thsin-chi-hoang-you (Yingzheng): between the years 230 B. C. AT 222/221 B .C.

1.2.2.2) Appreciation of the Second Phase of the Chinese Civilization, of the year 206 B.C. going by several dynasties of Han, of Thang, of Soung, of Youens or Mongoes, of Ming, and of Thai-Thsing or Mandchús or Qing (1911). it is in this period from 1644 A .C. to 1911 A . C., in the dynasty of Qing, where he begins more strongly, it influences her/it of the " Barbarians " - Western, until the First Revolution in 1911 - Period in that found a retrograde one New Ere,

of the years of 1840 A . C., that extends up to 1919 A . C. - Known nowadays by Chinese, as Modern Time.

1.2.2.3) Appreciation of the Third Phase of the Chinese Civilization, the revolution, initiate with the Movement of May 4, 1919 - the Communist Movement, with Mao Zedong - up to 1949; This Period of 1919 at 1949, it was known, in the day today, in China, as Revolution of the New Democracy and the period of the New Republic. Of 1949 up to 1976, with the creation of the Popular Republic of China, with base in the Communism of Mao. Great Cultural Revolution.

1.2.2.4) Appreciation of the Fourth Phase of the Chinese Civilization - THE Great Internal Chaos - the Evolution with Globalization - of the decade of 1970 to today - 2004. - Internal conflict between the Capitalism and the Communism - Unemployment - Concentration of Income and Maximization of Miserable.

1.2.2.5) Appreciation of the Fifth Phase of the Chinese Civilization - as China Societocratic Federative Republic, using at the International Market, Democratic forces Capitalism; and in the Internal Market, using Societocratic Laborist forces. Minimizing this way, internally in China, the Communism and the Democracy.

1.2.2.6) Appreciation of the Sixth Phase of the Chinese Civilization - As China Societocratic Federative Republic - with a Pronounceature Republican - of Labor Principles; emanating for the World, the guidelines of the Humanity's Normal state, through the Humanity's Religion - in the command Moral, Spiritual and Practical of the World, having as base: “ The Love for Beginning; the Order for Base and the Progress for Objective” . Making definitively to happen the fall of the democratic capitalism and of the communism of State, both individualists, of principles highly selfish; for the Well-being Social and Moral of the Humanity.

We will analyze each one of the topics above mentioned:

1.2.2.0) The general appreciation of the phase zero, the Remote Antique and the Slave Society: before the Chinese State formation. From 1.700.000 years ago; up to 2860 B.C. with Governors Legendary or Legendary Emperors.

With the historical registrations of almost five millennia of antique, the Chinese civilization, is one of the oldest of the Humanity.

Fossil Homo-yuanmounensis of a man monkey, discovered in

Yuanmou, Province of Yunnan, Southwest of China, dates of 1.700.000 years ago, and it is one of the most primitive of Homo, found inside of the Chinese territory. We also have Homo-pekinensis,

that lived in Zhoukoudian (Beijing), the approximately 600.000 years ago, that he could walk already in an erected way, to manufacture and to use simple instruments and to use the fire. In many places of China have been finding her, remains of the neolithic ones, some 10.000 years old. And in the archaeological ranches of Hemudu, in the Province of Zhejiang, in the oriental coast, and of Banpo, in Xi´na, capital of the Province of Shaanxi, in the northwest of China, whose origin if remote to the about 6.000 to 7.000 years, and one have been discovering rice and other cultivated grains, as well as agricultural instruments.

He fits in this period, to illustrate, a Chinese legend, that for centuries and millennia, they had official historians, that registered the events and they invented other passages; as they count, that P´an-Ku, the first man, after working 18.000 years, left the world in order, there for the year 2.229.000 A . C. While he worked, your blow if it turned the wind and the clouds, your voice the thunder, your veins the rivers, your meat the earth, your head the plants, your bones the metals, your perspiration the rain; and the louse of your body became the human race. The Kings or Primitive Governors, says the Chinese legend, they reigned for 18.000 years, each one, and a lot they struggled to transform, in civilized men, the louse of P´an-Ku. Before the arrival of these " Celestial Emperors” , the men were as wild animals, fed of raw meat and they just knew the mothers, never the parents.

1.2.2.1) ) General appreciation of the First Phase of the Chinese Civilization (Of 2850 years B.C. to the year 207 B.C.), - and the Dynasty Xia (Hsi) the oldest, that began in 2070 B.C.; going by the Dynasty of Shang - (1600 B.C. AT 1046 B.C.), passing, also for the three dynasties of Zhou (Chou); until Dynasty Ch´in (Qin) (Thsin) - in the year 210/207 B.C., that is, having as the First Emperor, Thsin-chi-hoang-you (Yingzheng): between the years 230 B. C. AT 222/221 B .C.

This First general phase of the Chinese civilization, it is considered the of Implementation or Installation phase. From your origin to Confucius, this civilization settled down, with all the characters that we have just studied, in the previous chapters: the systematized fetishism, for the astrolatic cult , caste absence; however, having an educated class administering and governing, under the direction of an only head - Emperor; finally, the Family solidly established, on the ancestors' cult and the filial respect.

It was in 2852 A. C., that Emperor Fu Hsi appeared, that helped by your cleared queen, taught to the people the marriage, the music, the writing, the painting, the fishery with net, the domestication of the animals and the creation of the bug of the silk. Render your death, in 2737 A. C., that Fu Hsi named as your successor Shen Nung (2737-2697 A. C.), that it introduced the agriculture, it invented the wood plow, it established markets and trades, it developed the medicine, with the study of the healing value of the plants. Soon after appears, the brave Welded Emperor Huang-Ti (2697-2597 A. C.), that in a reign of one century, he gave Tien-hua , Under the Sky or Sz-hai = Inside of the Four Seas (China), the magneto and the wheel, named official historians, it built the first houses of bricks, it organized an astronomical observatory, it corrected the calendar and it redistributed the land. Your successor Yao (2356-2255 A. C.) it also governed one century, Chung-Kuo - Medium Kingdom or Chung-Kwa-Kuo = Flowery Medium Kingdom (China) . The old philosopher Confucius said later to 1800 years, when lamenting the decadence of China of your time, that Chinese of that time of Emperor Yao, became virtuous, only when admiring him; in your simplicity, in spite of it was the richest, the more wise person, the more lover, and it was what lived plus, of all the Emperors of Chung-Kuo. The last of these " Five Leaders ", was Shum, the exemplary son, the patient hero, that combatted Rio Yellow's floods (Hoang-ho), it improved the calendar, it standardized weights and measures, and he became creditor of the gratitude of the school posterity, reducing the size of the whip, with that the Chinese children were educated. It says the tradition, that in the old age Shum, did to sit down to your side in the throne, the most skilled of the assistants, the great engineer Yu, that developed systems of control of the full of nine rivers, with opening of nine lakes, in your respective valleys; " if it doesn't had been Yu ", Chinese said, " all of us would be fish ". It counts the legend that in the reign of Shum, the wine was discovered and introduced to the king, but Yu repelled it, saying: " Day will come in that this thing will cost to somebody a kingdom " The discoverer it was banished and your discovery was prohibited; but starting from then, and for the kings' lesson, the wine became the national drink of China. Substituting the beginning of the hereditary succession, for the of the nomination. Yu established the Dynasty Hsia (Xia), that is, civilized; the oldest, that began in 2070 the. C. (2205?) did .A Dynasty Xia reach the end, with the capricious emperor Chieh Kuei (1818 - 1766 A. C.), that he had fun with the your wife in drowning three thousand Chinese, in a lake of wine. The Bones found in the province Honan they bring the rulers' name traditionally put in the Dynasty Shang - (1600 A. C - 1046 A. C.) - some were found vases of bronze, that is attributed to this period. To follow vein the Dynasty of Chou (Zhou) of the West (1046 -771 .C.), during which she grew the slavery, the Dynasty of Chou came soon (Zhou) of the East (770 476 A. C.), period spring autumn;

and finally Zhou of the East, period of the Kingdoms Combatants 475 - 221 A. C., In this period of the Dynasties Zhou or Chou had room an unprecedented flowering in the field of the thought, from where great philosophers appeared, like Lao Tze, Confucius-- Confucius for the year of 551 - 479 A. C. elaborated the philosophy, that systematized the Chinese civilization, and it established like this the regulator organization bases of the Lettered Class ; and Mencio. ; the master of the art of the War - Sun Wu; and finally the Dynasty Qin Shihuang - (259 at 210 A. C.); that begins for the energetic military action of Thsin-chi-hoang-you (Shih Huang-you) (Qin Shihuang-you) - 230 to 211 A. C., that it constituted the Chinese Empire finally, in the year of 221 A. C.; it was the First Chinese Emperor. Starting from this moment the Chinese civilization founded definitively it grew for a gradual action, until the end of the century XIX, where you struggle successive against the capitalist colonialism it was done until Communism Bolshevist’s and the partial anarchical and retrograde Capitalism democratic arrived.

In this long period, the philosophers and Chinese historians, dominated by a praiseworthy continuity feeling, they wanted to introduce in the history of your society, an unit that the nature of the things didn't allow. They imagined in the most distant antique, all your ulterior civilization. They are the three dreams of the age of the gold; but what has of true, it is that the embryos of this civilization, raise the most remote of the antiques indeed; but they are just embryos, that a long civilization can only develop.

The traditions place the cradle of the Chinese civilization on

the margins of Hoang-ho or Yellow river, to the side north of the course of this river; that is, for the provinces of Chen-si and of Chan-si. It was in this place, that was formed the group that had to become for a gradual extension, the Chinese Empire.

The Chinese civilization goes down this great river, she extends on your margins, it is irradiated for the north and for the south, and it ends finally for reaching your current immense extension. The traditions, accordingly of rest to the own laws of all social formation, they present us the first group, as restricted, because you conceive it as formed of a hundred families, of the which the whole Chinese population intends to descend, for being this nucleus represented as being primitively, in a primitive state wild. Formed and linked by a astrolatic cult, for the systematic adoration of the Sky; with origin of the family initiative; this nucleus, is radiated then, on the adjacent populations, of two different manners, for a conquering action, and for the natural action of a civilization, more appropriate, on populations not constituted, and that they didn't offer for consequence, at resistance the one civilizer influences. We

noticed a society then to acquire a more solid constitution, to extend plenty your action; but not being your character preponderant, primitive, the military character, the conquests, are not except momentary, and instead of they form an only empire, they formed about of the initiator civilizer population, a great number of groups or different reign, submitted to a same civilization, but not presenting a real political subordination. The Chinese historians that wanted to introduce, in the evolution of your civilization a complete unit, they present a such situation, as a type of decomposition of an only empire. Like this even Confúcio, appreciated the following general phenomenon to be produced: development of the civilization astrolática, with the characters that were already previously suitable in this work; formation of a great number of small States dominated by the Chinese civilization.

It is for that we owed at this time, to verify which was in such

situation the special position of Confucius, on which we will return more deeply, to approach; but that is necessary to appreciate summarily, for well to indicate the essentials stages of this long evolution.

The Confucius position, went to build for the illustrious and

administrative class, whose development had produced, in form with the intelligence of the Chinese civilization, a philosophical doctrine, that it represent the systematic expression, of the own nature of this civilization.

This job developed by Confucius, it was immense, and the human being never exercised a larger action, deeper, and more to regulate in the development of a society. This systematic doctrine, building the type that should accomplish, it supplied the conception, around which they were able to and they had conditions of grouping the theoretical ones, the administrators and all those, in summary that they would be part, of the cleared class. This doctrine gave to a such class, a true constitution, a real unit; it founded the Lettered' Class finally: it is starting from Confucius, that this class consolidates. Starting from this moment the Chinese civilization also it developed, with an intensity and an extreme regularity; because at list she acquired a first coordination, of your second director element. The first fundamental force, the order element, of unit of consolidation, that is, the imperial power, it should have been had established since the beginning; but the modifier element, position that suggested from the origin, of the own nature of this society, doesn't arrive coordinating except starting from Confucius. This becomes conceive her. The concentration was in the own nature of the first element, that owed since the beginning, to be more or less systematic; but the second modifier element, dispersive by nature, it cannot arrive except

later, to conquer the doctrine that gave it a coordination, and it allowed to exercise it your more complete action and more characteristic.

From Confúcio to Thsin-chi-hoang-you of 551 á 206 A. C. the one what can dazzle?

The political situation of China, the Chine dispersive situation

stays the same; but the civilization walks gradually. The Lettered' Class acquires, day by day, in each one of the small dynasties, a growing importance. We verified that the Lettereds visit reign in reign, to provide your counsel and your business knowledge. The philosophers of the sect of Confucius, been born in a reign, they become Mandarin, and minister in another reign. They settle down like this, through the Lettered' Class, relationships more and more regular among reign politically different, in way to prepare the coming of the political unit accomplished by Thsin-chi-hoang-you.

The likeness of the habits, of the custom, grows more and

more under it influences it of the Lettered' Class, at the same time that this Class impels actively to the industrial and peaceful development of those several populations.

To the we arrive in Thsin-chi-hoang-you - 221 A. C., we will

register which was this great man's valor, that is, the capital importance of your work, in spite of the serious deviations that was accompanied.

Thsin-chi-hoang-you belonged the dynasty of Thsin, whose the thirst was to the north of China, in the current provinces of Chen-si e Chan-si, and he was the boss of one of the eight dynasties that composed it then Chinese people. He got to conquer all the kingdoms; all gathered the other States, under only one domain and truly solid the old Chinese Empire.

The kingdom of Thsin-chi-hoang-you in contact with the

Tartars, did with that the military activities were developed, in better conditions, in relation to the other kingdoms of the proximities of the estuary of the Yellow river; in that the peaceful activity, it should have more preponderance; it is not to admire, that after this conquest activity had come from that dynasty.

Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, it got to unite under a same domain, political of the kingdoms inked between it, and in fact for the more it extremes civilization analogy. Once truly constituted the Chinese Empire, Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, did it extend your domain besides the river Yang-tseu-kiang or Blue River, even Tonquin (Nanquim ?) in this

area that constituted Meridional China. He joined like this to the Empire, populations that they were not really Chinese, that is, in the ones which, she didn't find developed the civilization, whose fundamental configuration we already described. But these populations, after they have been conquered by the arms of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, they went soon after gradually conquered, for the Chinese civilization.

These two parts of China, always-presented struggle, but the

return the political unit always took place. Consequently the conquest of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, was decisive for consolidation of the Chinese Empire. Thsin-chi-hoang-it repels and counts the Tartars. They always happened fights among the Chinese civilization, that constantly developed, that extended unceasingly, and the nomads that circumscribed them for the north and for the west.

Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, it triumphed and it got you tell them. It was him the merit of the construction of the famous Wall, with more than 5.000 Km, using more than 300.000 people; destined to defend China against the Tartars. But this immense construction, went a monument of pride before, that a middle of defense. But mainly a middle of arranging work, for a population already numerous. He also ordered to build the immense mausoleum, whose guardian, the warriors of braid hair, with size and real presence, discovered in 1974 A. C.; with your 8.000 warriors and bronze cars, considered the " eighth it marvel of the world "

China in spite of possessing this famous wall, it was conquered

twice by Mongoes and for Mandchús. But your conquest was reduced, as exactly they observed her check-if-them the right of setting up guard inside the vast Empire.

Thsin-chi-hoang-ti developed strongly in the Chinese government the military element; then the Lettereds' extreme opposition. However this military action was very useful, for really to build the Chinese Empire; however the Lettereds' Class had a solid consistence and it was quite taken root, in the foundations of this civilization, so that the movement operated by Thsin-chi-hoang-ti it could be other thing the more than a military dictatorship, necessary temporarily, for the stable foundation that was this great Empire.

This magnificent work accomplished by Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, he

made the use of the force with extreme violence. It has been wanting a lot of times to justify, such violence, for an assumed need; they are exaggeration of the absolutist intelligence. These violence always prove of a true moral inferiority, from eminent natures.

The Lettereds dominated by the continuity feeling, concerned with the administrative and paternal character, that they wanted to do to prevail in the Chinese government, they ignored completely, what had of useful and of necessary to the politics of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, for really to found the Chinese Empire and to give it an enough base of stability, against the invaders. They didn't know how to separate sufficiently, of the old type that did of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti and of your minister Li-sse, antagonistic. This opposition led Thsin-chi-hoang-ti to a violence posture and of an extreme brutality. He ordered the destruction of all the books and forbidden who wants that it goes, under penalty of death, to the conserving a copy that goes, mainly of the old books that were venerated by the population; this order of an incredible atrocity, it was executed with an extreme cruelty; but it provoked on the part of the Lettereds, a noble courage in defending these books, where it condensed all the wisdom of the previous centuries. This was the extreme measure, unjustifiable of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, that it suffocated like this with an unforgivable violence, a very natural opposition, and that she had easiness of expiring, in the one that she there was of unreasonable, without running over such barbaric expedient. But suits to notice that Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, so deeply enemy of the Lettereds' Class or of the Confucius Sectarian, he was on the contrary, a Reason Followers of illustrious partisan, of the Tao-sse; metaphysic sect founded for Lao-Tze.

This becomes pregnant her, therefore the Tao-sse, as all the metaphysicians, more or less, they had the contempt by the past; therefore, they should become easily nice to a revolutionary as Thsin-chi-hoang-ti.

In against departure the Confucius followers, true

representatives of the Chinese civilization, had for the antique the deepest respect. Of rest, it is necessary to notice, that the protection become pregnant by the Chinese Emperors to the Tao-sse or to the Buddhists it is in general, a retrogradation sign. This happens, due to the low character of these doctrines, that they spread, more or less, the indefinite and infinite mental divagations.

Like this, for this summary analysis, we presented the first

phase of the Chinese civilization; that is constituted, as your essential bases, doing with that the Chinese Empire was constituted and established, up to 1911 – when the China became denominated by Chung-Kwa-min-Kuo, that is, " People of Flowery Medium Kingdom ”.

It could try commotion, fights, downfall; but your several elements, always approached and they will approach, for your habits and previous costumes; and for the action of the Lettereds' Class; these last ones, today substituted by Communist's Congress Party

and of THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ACADEMY OF CHINA; more and more systematically organized.

1.2.2.2) The appreciation of the Second Phase of the Chinese Civilization, of the year 206 B.C. going by several dynasties of Hans, of Thang, of Soung, of Youens or Mongoes, of Ming, and of Thai-Thsing or Mandchús or Qing (1911). it is in this period from 1644 B.C. to 1911 B.C., in the dynasty of Qing, where he begins more strongly, it influences it of the “Barbarians Western“ , until the First Revolution in 1911 - Period in that found a retrograde “New Era” of the years of 1840, that extends up to 1919 - Known nowadays by Chinese, as “Modern Epoch” .

The history of China presents us a big number of dynasty, some of

the which reigned simultaneously, during the periods of anarchy; and of the retrograde military dictatorships, in the periods of colonization attempt for the Westerners; and finally with the introduction of the communist bolshevist regimen and now, with the imposition of the democratic capitalist regimen, with your ideas of Globalization; seeking a honorable exit to assist your millenarian habits of fetishist formation. A China once again is sacrificed with the selfish ideas of the Westerners, for not be being explored by the capitalists; it tries to assist at the international market the rules of the games of OMC, elaborated by the capitalists, to absorb the up-to-date technologies; but it tries to maximize your sufficiency.

But as it is treated here, not of a detailed and concrete history of China, but, of fast systematic exhibition on the general march of this civilization, let us consider during this period, six great dynasties – the Hans, the Thang, the Soung, Youens or Mongoes, the Ming, and the Thai-Thsing or of Mandchús or Qing. For later we analyze these last periods, out of the Empires, of the most recent history of this great civilization.

These dynasties are for periods of anarchy or even of political

decomposition; but it is important to notice that these periods of anarchy are going decreasing of duration and of intensity as the corresponding civilization consolidates and it extends. Here are the chronological limits of this fundamental dynasties.

Han since 206 the. C at 220 A. C.; {Three Kingdoms - Wei, Shu and Wu 220-265 A. C. / Jin of the West 265 to 316 A. C., Jin This 317 to 420 A. C. - the Dynasties of the South and of the North 420-589 A. C. - of Sui 581-618 A. C. and others} * Thang, from 618 d. C. up to 907 A. C.; the Five Dynasties 907 - 960 A. C.; Soung of the North and of the South of 960 A. C. up to 1127 A. C. / 1127-1279 A. C.; Youens or Mongoes (Yuan), since 1271 A. C. up to 1368 A. C.; Ming since 1368 A. C. up to 1644 A. C.; Mandchús or dynasty Thai-Thsing or of Qing, since 1644 A. C. up to 1911

A. C. - End of Regimen Imperial Chinese -revolution in 1911, coordinate by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen. (*) Small and you urged dynasties.

This summary indication supplies great numeric marks, that they will serve us to classify, in intervals of time, not arbitrary, the successive progresses of the Chinese Society, in the period of the Empires. Between Han and Thang, we witnessed a true political decomposition of China, in the same way that between Thang and Youens (Yuan). Though the reign of these simultaneous dynasties, the progresses of the Chinese civilization, continue deeply; however, very slowly the structure of the unit registered strongly by Thsin-chi-hoang-ti (Yingzheng) ,e the fundamental likeness of habits and of costume , systematically represented by the Class of the Lettereds, they led to the end of a certain time, to a political unit, for a civilization more and more homogeneous.

It is necessary to notice in this long period two orders of progress: the

interior development of the Chinese unit, and of other side, the territorial extension; and soon after, a reaction more and more effective, against the adjacent civilizations (Tartars, Tibetanos), that it brought the definitive subordination of these populations, in way to give to the this society, all the enough stability, before had happening the western contacts.

It is this double movement of interior action and of external reaction, that we will study, - to have a good idea and more needs, of the succession dynastic of China, a chronological table can be consulted, whose translation is owed Priest Amiot, and that it is suitable in the end of the book of Mr. Pauthier, entitled - CHINA.; as well as the table of the it Paginates 20 of the Book China 2003. - Editorial New Star - 2003.

The invention of the paper and the one of the ink, indispensable to

the development of the Class of the Lettereds, it did of this important industrial discovery, that was initiate in the period of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti (Yingzheng), and improved under your successors.

The invention of the paper is due to Moung-tien, principal general of

Thsin-chi-hoang-ti; he taught the art at the same time of was served as him with ink and brushes, instead of bamboo “small board plank”, on the ones which, the writing was recorded. It was sometimes recorded, puts that exceptionally on the stones. It is not rare to see in China; important industrial progresses owed to the military ones.

This imperfect way in itself, the one of recording in “small board plank, as the easiness and the speed, it could agree while the theoretical and administrative class was little developed. But if this class took a larger greatness in than it plays your extension, inside of the society, more and more developed, and more and more industrial, it was taken naturally to improve the impression means.

The invention of the paper and of the ink it was because naturally

brought, for the nature of the situation and prepared for the antecedents. Once accomplished this progress, it competed vastly for the development of the theoretic and administrative class, facilitating your propagation and acquisition of knowledge; and this invention promoted the progress of the correspondent situation, increasing the numbers of illustrious people. This invention consolidates between Thsin-chi-hoang-ti and the dynasty of Hans; and the improved production of the paper became an important industry in China. The population reached more than 50 million inhabitants

The first Emperor and founder of the dynasty Han, in the year 206 .C.

it was Liu Bang, and it adopted the Imperial name of Gaozu.

The second emperor of the dynasty Han, the Emperor Hoe-you 194 to 188 .C. He revoked the decree of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, against the old books; he reacted like this against that there was of violent and oppressive in the attempt of this renovator. The dynasty of Hans was to this subject reparative, it marched in the direction of the Chinese civilization, and it developed conserving the work of Thsin-chi-hoang-it, in what had of essential; the political unit and a better administrative centralization. They put one of the types most eminent of this dynasty it was Wen Ti 179 - 157 .C. The Lettered Emperor. He encouraged the Lettereds, it competed for the development of the agriculture, and it maintained a government at the same time firm and activate, with a spirit truly paternal; he accomplished this noble normal type, of the supreme function, systematized by Confúcio and your school.

Like this concerning an eclipse, phenomenon that acquired in China,

a discharge importance, due to base astrolatic of the cult – astrolatic ; Wen-ti published a truly spectacular declaration:

" I always heard to say that the Sky, gives to the superior people, that in him it has faith, the resources of feeding them and of governing them. When this superior people, endowed with the other men's gentlemen, they are not virtuous and they govern badly; the Sky, to do them to enter again in the orbit of the DUTY, he sends them calamities and threats. There was in this eleventh moon, a Sun eclipse of the; that warning didn't go him for me! On top, the stars lost the light, below, the people are in the poverty. I recognize in everything this my little virtue. As soon as this declaration is published, be examined in the whole Empire, and with all the possible attention, which were my lacks, kindred that I belong to them adverted. That are sought and be me presented to carry out this function, the people that more it shines, more rightness and firmness have; for my part I recommend it all those that they are entrusted, of more if they dedicate, that never to good to accomplish, mainly your

DUTIES, and they reduce it for the benefit of the people, the whole useless expense” .

This way we became aware, under the pulse of Wen-ti, of the secular right of representation to the emperor, what constitutes an important progress, in this monocratic government .

This right representation, openly proclaimed by Wen-ti, always

maintained, ever since, it grew and it was coordinated later, for the Council of the Censors, destined to advert the Emperor.

This function whose exercise, it has been a lot of times dangerous, it

gave place in the Lettereds' part, to admirable devotement; it offered a limit to the free will, that tends to produce, the supreme power.

We are going in this institution to characterize an example of this

continuous effort, of the Lettereds' Class, to exercise an action moderator, in relation to the imperial power, for a regular creation of the public opinion. Because the observations of the Censors published in the Imperial Gazette, the Provincial Gazettes reproduce them.

In the same way, Wen-ti suppressed, for a decree, expressed for a

law of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti that prohibited criticizing the government.

"Today among our laws, encounter one that incriminated speaking badly of the government; it is half this the, not only of depriving us of the lights that we can receive from the wise persons that they are moved away of us, as well as of closing the officials' mouth of our cut. How from now on it will be, the informed prince, of your lacks and of your defects? This law is still subject to another inconvenience: under the excuse that the people have been making public and solemn protests of fidelity, of submission and respect, to the prince; if somebody seems to deny, in the smallest thing, they accuse him of rebellion. The most mediocre speeches, pass for the magistrates, when it pleases them, for undisciplined murmurs against the government. Like this the people, simple and ignorant, when fewer takes care, it will be accused of a capital crime. I cannot consent in that; that similar law is sanctioned or promulgated ".

Emperor K´ang Hsi (Khang-hi) 1662 - 1722 A. C., of the Manchu or

Qing dynasty, expressed your opinion, on the text above: " Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, he had done many similar laws. Kaot-tsou (Gaozu), founder of the dynasty Han, suppressed a big number of them, the one that it is treated here, in the example, above, it was not suppressed, except for Wen-ti. It is to have waited a lot " - M.G. Pauthier, De la Chine.

One of the successors of Wen-ti was Wou-ti (Wudi of Han), (that was also before of Emperor called of Liu Che), known with Emperor Reformer 140 - 87 B. C., that not only it developed the interior of China, but he still reacted vigorously and happily, against the adjacent barbaric populations; in way to begin and to establish the bases of this extension, that it finishes in the century XVII, that should enclose the great oriental empire, as subordinated element, to Tartaria and Tibet.

It was under the reign of Wou-ti, that happened the control of the

central power in fact, that was enlarged from the central plains to the western areas (current Xinjiang and Central Asia), it dispatched twice as special correspondent, to Zhang Qian, opening a road for the trade, known as " Road of the Silk ", that it left of Chang´na, current Xi´an, capital of the province of Shaanxi, crossing Xinjiang and the Central Asian, arriving to the neighborhoods Oriental Mediterranean. This way the beautiful Chinese silk traveled until the Occident.

Szuma Ch´ien (Herodoto of China), it executed your great work, with the name of Historical Memoirs, offering us a true encyclopedia - see the news that it consecrated him the Mr. Abel Rémusat, in your New ones Miscellany Asian, Tomo II - it was only in this dynasty, that the Buddhism (65/67 A. C.) it was introduced officially in China, acquiring an importance of the most fateful, position that under the current dynasty, have been an useful political instrument, with relationship the populations of Tartaria and of Tibet, dominated by this doctrine. In the year 105 A. C., Lun fall, public employer, systematizing the popular experiences, it invented the paper, the one that did happen a radical modification in the form of writing.

Between the dynasties of Han and the one of Thang (220 A .C. to 618

A. C.), it happened a soon period of anarchy, and always of political dispersion, that happens the necessary elimination of the Han dynasty.

The dynasty of Thang, which extended of 618 A. C. to 907 A. C. is

one of the most important and prosperous Dynasties of the phases of the History of China. It is the literary dynasty. It was during this period that appeared a grating number of literary productions, romances and theatre piece. Under this dynasty he took place a great progress, and it was established the exam system; that lasted up to 1905 A .C..

It was this a considerable event for which the Lettereds' Class, tended for your constitution, up to 1911 A. C.. The Class of the Lettereds grew with great vigor; supplying ministers, administrators, judges, finally all those that were called to drive this grandiose one industrial * population. The need to obtain warranties, in the individuals' choice, in way the regulate the action of this class, it made to feel. They were because the essential needs of a such situation that led to the establishment of the system of exams. Once established, this exam system, the Lettereds' Class deeply

consolidated, giving it more unit, and consequently, a class more or less vague, in the which, the Emperor was able to or not to choose. It was a class truly coordinate, in that the rendered exams, they formed the legal scale, for the which the individual rose the gradually more discharges functions of the State. Promoting a Progress, giving more consistence the Class of the Lettereds, improving your action on the group of the correspondent civilization. We can verify like this the continuation of the general evolution of this grandiose Society. Under this dynasty, the public school, the schools, the education, the instruction and the cult of Confucius, they took a formidable extension. (*) We understands for industrial, the act of the division of the offices and the unions of the efforts. Aristotle

One of the most eminent authority, was the founder Li Yuan, of Thang (618 A. C. - 907 A. C.), as well as your son Li Shimin (626-649 A. C.), that was known as T´ai Tsung (Taizong of Tang) where we can verify this nobleman ideal of the Emperor, that put into practice an intelligent series of political measures and it promoted the best prosperity degree in the society of your time: the agriculture, the workmanship and the commerce they reached a high development degree; the textile manufacture, the ceramic production, the shipbuilding; the terrestrial and fluvial roads, crossed the whole country. All this, with base in the philosophy of Confucius and developed by your school; that left registered:

" He ordered that from now on the Chinese Emperors, before they confirming the death sentences, against the criminals, were three days of abstinence ".

The death penalty was only sanctioned by the Emperor, except for in

the case of a immediately necessary repression. This definitive sanction of the death penalty, was made in a certain time of the year; and this act is of solemn ceremony, of the necessary elimination, of this member of the society, it is surrounded of noble moral concerns, for Emperor T´ai Tsung,

The Governments of the Occident until today, they are very near, as sees himself, of Pure Theocratic Arbitrating, that so thoughtless has been happening in such governments;

T´ai Tsung, promotes the development of the filial kindness, base of

the Family and finally of the Society. He organizes a vast system of public work, of helps for the old man ones and for the patients; the one that was continued by your successors of rest. The establishment of hospices for the psyche pathologically founding, proves this way as they are absurd the declarations that the western stupidity is nurtured, about an intended regular organization of the infanticide and mainly today for the liberality of the abortion. He composed a book about the art of reigning.

" After having, he/she says him, used daily the necessary time, in dispatching the businesses of the empire, it is the gentle me, to consecrate what remains me, to pass the view and the thoughts, on the historians of the past; examining the habits of each dynasty; the good ones and the bad examples, of all the princes, the revolutions and your causes; I always do with so much advantage, and so much has been doing, that have like this base to speak "

Your recommendations to the children are admirable:

" My son, be exactly, but it is good, it reigns on you same, maintain absolute the Empire on your passions, and you will reign effortlessly, on your subjects' hearts. Your good example, better than the most rigorous orders, they will be accomplished, with accuracy, and all will accomplish your duties; you rarely punishes, and with moderation, but it spills benefits abundantly; don't never postpone for tomorrow, the thanks that can grant this very day; on the contrary you postpone the punishments, until that you are sure, for you same, that will be exactly deserved ".

It was due to this dynasty, the establishment of the celebrated

Chinese Academy of Han-lin, that they were composed of the highest and more educated intelligences, that they competed for the literary direction, politics and moral of China. And that today can correlate with the current THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ACADEMY OF CHINA

This powerful dynasty, extended your power on the Turks and the Tartars, until approximately the Caspian Sea. The China in this time, established wide economical relationships with Japan, Korea, India, Persia (Iran), Arab Countries and many other.

The press had your origin in 770 A.C., the oldest existent books were produced in 868 A.C.; the impression of the Chinese Classic felt among 932 - 953 A.C.; but it was in 931 A.C., that under the dynasty of Thang, that has room the invention, of the Chinese press, for the minister Foung-tao. This press doesn't use movable characters, and it consists of recording on the wood. The whole book is recorded on them you laminate of wood and it is printed soon after; impression that is done very economically. Such invention was requested strongly by the needs and for the nature of the civilization; and we are reason for to admire, it had taken so much time, to be produced, after the paper and the ink had already been invented at a long time. The need to multiply the copies, in a country in that increased extraordinarily the Class of the Lettereds; it should have impelled the discovery of the typography, that allowed to produce easier and quickly the copy of the several works. The situation led to a such invention and it is not of admiring, that it have produced in an industrial population. This press is not our press of movable characters; it consisted in laminate of wood, on the

ones which, the characters are recorded, that form the work, that is necessary to reproduce. Chinese found in the century XI A.C., the press of movable characters, but little served as her, and they preferred the impression in laminate recorded; not for spirit of blind routine, as they supposed him the senseless or foolish of the Occident; however the reasons are quite rational.

The social reason is that Chinese printed the same books a lot. In the occident, the revolutionary movement determined an abusive production, consisting most of the time, in mediocre degraded reproductions of excellent original. China produces without a doubt numerous comments, though the respect the social continuity, leads the repeated reproduction, of the same works; she can then, without inconveniences, to conserve them laminates recorded them; so much more these laminate of wood they can be easier and economically retouched. It is need with effect to do to note the economical surface of the Chinese impression, in comparison with western impression. They only printed of only one side the leaf and with an extreme speed. A worker could remove two thousand paper sheet a day.

But there is also a strong reason so that Chinese preferred your

impression way, to our movable characters: it is the nature of your writing.

Among us, the elementary sounds are represented by a limited number of characters, whose combinations reproduce such words. Then the employment of movable characters. In China the same doesn't happen. Your writing is not a phonetic writing, or at least, to speak more exactly, they don't represent for your characters, the several elementary sounds and necessarily little numerous, that they are to express, all and any words. When a character to represent the function of phonetic sign, it expresses a word and not a distinct articulation; this phonetic sign, it is never used exclusively; he is always linked to a ideografic sing. Then the big numbers of the characters, susceptible of a remaining indefinite extension, with the progresses of your civilization. It can extend the number of these characters, in the minimum to thirty thousand. Therefore we would have to manufacture an immense number of characters. Therefore, Chinese didn't make an effort in trying spontaneously to print with move characters ; and then, later when they found the means of using the movable characters; even so they preferred the impression in you laminate recorded, as truly more comfortable and more economical.

However, a expert sinologist, Mr. G. Pauthier solved the problem of an easy Chinese impression, by means of movable characters; it is based on an ingenious abstract decomposition, of the largest number of Chinese characters. He thought these several characters resulted of the combination of an number relatively low of Chinese characters. Each character is composed then of a first one, tends a significance ideografic, and of one second, tends a phonetic significance.

Soon after, the invention of the impression, grew up the development

of the institution of the Imperial Gazette, and finally of the Gazette of the Provinces, through the ones which, it settled down easy and quickly the communications between the government and the population. Then, the process of the posters, so useful to do appeal the public opinion, it is used at the same time, not only for the government, as well as for the public.

After the dynasty Tang, befell a great war period, among the several

kingdoms - the Five Dynasties 907 - 960 A.C. it was when Zhao Kuangyin, general of Zhou, founded the dynasty Soung in 960 A.C..

Under the dynasty of Soung (Song) of the North (960 -1227 A.C.) and of the South (1127 - 1279 A. C.) the system of exams, already instituted for the civil functions, it is also applied the military functions; it was a similar organization the ones of our admission exams to the Schools of the Army, of the Navy and of the Aeronautics, or of the Universities and Faculty, with your vestibular exams. We should register to this respect, the continuous tendency for the elimination of the will in the monocratic power, that presides the destinies of this great people. It is arrived like this the public functions, not essentially for the sovereign's care, but for a regular series of texts, clearly determinate ; chosen by yours merits (capacity, capability, altruism and situation).

There was in this time a very big pulse, in the economical and cultural

part; the astronomy, the sciences, the technology and the press, they marked substantial development. I eat Bin Sheng for instance, it invented the impression with types, what gave place the one it authenticates revolution in the history of the Chinese press. Like this the “ Impression with types, the Paper, the Compass and the Gunpowder, they were the " four scientific " inventions of Old China. There is not doubts that these Chinese inventions collaborated for the Humanity's evolution.

The Great dynasty of Youen or Yuan or of Mongoes (1271 A.C. to 1368 A.C.), it was founded by Gengis Khan's grandson, Kublai Khan, with your capital in Dadu (today Beijing), after being established by a conquest, that Chinese could not resist, due to political anarchy, that always dragged the necessary elimination of a dynasty.

The establishment of the dynasty of Yuan, offers us, an important

example of the behavior that represents the Lettereds' corporation, as the principal results intellectuals and morals this civilization; and for consequence, of the continuity that she printed her; what truly allowed a development homogeneous. Kublai that put an end to the separatists forces, that had prevailed in several hundreds of years, and got to unify China, including Xinjiang, Tibet and Yunnan.

Like this Yeliu-thsou-thsai, principal minister of Ogodai, son of Tchingkis-khan (Gengis Khan), and that it happened him in 1229, puts that Tartar, was an eminent Lettered, begun at the same time in all the sciences of China; and in the astronomical knowledge of Mussulman base. Besides having introduced all the sciences in China, he made your sovereign to understand the importance and the need of serving as the Lettereds as judges, administrators, and like this, it began with devotement and ability the incorporation, of the conquerors in the Chinese civilization, in way to assure the continuity and the progress of this extraordinary civilization:

“Tartar from origin and converted in Chinese, for the culture of your intelligence, he was the natural middleman among the race of the oppressed ones and of the oppressors; he was near placed Thching-kis and your successors, as one it makes arrangements protecting of the defeat people; and your life exhausted entirely in pleading the winner barbarians near, the cause of the laws, of the good order, of the civilization and of the Humanity. He substituted the yoke of the force, for the of the reason; the power of the will, for the of the institutions; the pillage for the regular system of the taxes; the brutality of the conquerors tartars, for the it influences slow more irresistible of the Lettereds from China " (Abel Rémusat, New Miscellany Asian).

Really the founder of the dynasty of Youens or Mongoes, was

Khoubilai-khan (Kublai Khan) 1269 - 1295 (in Chinese Hou-pi-lie) grandson of Gengis Khan, that continued and it developed, in the more elevate scale, a determinate politics and it was transform himself definitively in Chinese; he competed actively for extension of this civilization; and this dynasty of conquerors, we can say that is among those that contributed to the greatness of China.

It was in 1269 d. C. that Marco Polo China arrived; and it was in 1295

d. C. that Marco Polo returns to Venice.

It was Hou-pi-lie that did, Dadu, that passed to Peking, the capital of the Great Empire, today Capital Beijing of the Popular Republic of China. It was under the command of Hou-pi-lie, that through Mongoes or Yuan, the Lamaism was introduced; a form peculiar of Buddhism, own of Tibet, that is characterized mainly, for a clerical organization. Hou-pi-lie or Gengis Khan, died in 1294 A.C.

Other actions accomplished for Hou-pi-lie or Gengis Khan, can

mention, that he brought new improvements to the Chinese administration, besides an indispensable military solidity. In summary, this dynasty, maintained the greatness of the Empire, and it contributed to your interior development. Due your crescent incapacity, became necessary your it completes elimination; the Chinese expelled her and they expelled Mongoes

at the same time; and the dynasty of Youens or Yuan, was happened by the national dynasty of Ming (1368 A.C. - 1644 A.C.)

Zhu Yuanzhang, founded the dynasty Ming, in Nanjing being an Emperor with the name of Tai-tseu or T´ai-su or Taizu (1368 A.C. to 1399 A.C.). Ming, means light. Your son Zhu Di (1360 - 1424 A.C.), that it went to the throne in 1403, with the name of Emperor Chengzu of Ming; it undertook a series of constructions of big it sets up in the city, today Beijing, where it built great palaces, and removal in 1421 the capital of the Empire. For your command, the navigator Zheng He, began in 1405, the navigation with a representative fleet of ships. In the total they were 7 naval campaigns, that were prolonged up to 1433. They reached several countries of Asian South-Oriental, of Indian Ocean, of the Persian Gulf, the insular territory of Maldives; going to Somalia and Kenya, in the African Continent. The Chinese Emperors had for give to the years of your reign, the name that it designates the spirit that they want to print him; the name of the years of the reign that the Europeans habitually took for the Emperor's name. Like this, Khang-hi means; deep peace, because they did of that the Emperor's name that had chosen this word, for the name of the years of your reign. The name of the years of the reign of the founder of the dynasty of Ming, was Houg-Wou (Fortune in the War); and was under this name, that he was habitually known in Europe. He was born in 1324 in Sse-tcheou, burg of the province of Kiang-nan. A tiller’s son, they made him Buddhist priest - bonze. In the decadence of the dynasty of Mongoes or Yuan, and in the fights that then appeared; he left your monastery, and it ended up congregating spill of herself, an number considerable of partisan; finally, definitively he eliminated Mongoes or Yuan, and it began to introduce some of your tributary tribes. He Supported in the interior by the Lettereds, it reestablished the order; and he developed the interior prosperity, with the contest of the lettered class, that had known how to attract for itself; and it developed the elements of this great civilization, while he gave him an enough stability, for your expeditions against the Tartars. Your immediate successors, continued this great man's politics, Houng-Wou, following the Chinese beginnings, beginnings truly social; it turned public the testament, in which motivated the choice that had done of your successor; at the same time, supplying the principal advice that it cut this solemn manifestation. This combination of a choice, freely done in the Imperial Family, and of a public manifestation, of this choice and of the reasons that determined them; it is a social institution, that the normal state of the human societies hereafter should adopt and to generalize. Houng-Wou, inside your empire, improved the administration, it developed the public works, really useful; he institutes for old men and sick, necessary helps, increasing the cult to the ancestors, known of the positivists, as Veneration - to Confucius and the Eminent Men; in summary, it developed with a lot of activity, during your long career, all these characters, truly social, of a true Statesman, of the Chinese Empire.

This dynasty of Ming (1368-1644 A.C.), after having had your splendor and to have rendered important services, it altered your character gradually, under the dazzles of the supreme function; in the midst of Lettereds, that necessarily dragged a such degeneration.

Of this degeneration the dynasty of Mandchús or Qing, that reigned of

1644 appeared A.C. at 1911 A.C.; this conquest accomplished in the century XVII A.C., it took place except after the more it exalts resistance, turned ineffective, for the state of anarchy in that was China of this time.

This dynasty, Qing, founded, for a leader of Mandchús, Nurhachi,

apparently already had if initiate in 1616 A.C., she contributed in a more effective way, for the development of the Empires of China, on a side giving pulse, with so much activity, as the wisdom and the evolution interns; and on another side, turning finally tributary, Tartaria and Tibet, in way to give the this great civilization, all the necessary stability, while the disturbing contacts didn't appear with the “ Barbaric " people of the Occident.

Actually which was the perturbation element what it

provoked disturbance in the Chinese civilization, in the Imperial Period, before your contacts with the Occident?

Firstly they were the Tartars, that is, a population, or before groups of nomadic populations or sedentary semi; in continuous fight, with this industrial, rich and peaceful Chinese society. These fights presented several incidents. The Tartars many of the times repelled and some of the times conquered; and, some of the times were conquering. Same when conquerors, joined and they incorporated to the Chinese civilization, and after a social oscillation turbulent, and with passing of the times, they melted and mixed to the Chinese development. The conversion of the Tartars to the Buddhism, after Thing-kis, that evidently prepared the definitive submission, that accomplished the dynasty of Mandchús. Khiang-hi (K´ang Hsi) or (Kangxi )1661 A.C. at 1722 A.C. and Khian-soung (Ch´ien-Lung) 1736-1796; the two principal representatives of this dynasty, that got to do tributary the Tartars and Tibetanos, in way to give to the Chinese civilization, an entire consolidation.

The more the emperors' of China acquaintance in Europe, was Khang-hi (K´ang Hsi) (Kangxi) 1661 A.C. at 1722 o'clock A.C.; contemporary of Luis XIV, King of France. He incorporated Taiwan, to the homeland Chinese, same suffering Russia Czarina's aggression. He granted the Jesuits' great mission, a wise and illustrious protection; he understood with sagacity, the usefulness of incorporating to the Chinese civilization the western scientific elements; put the front of the astronomers' secretary, a Jesuit, after having noticed for your own experience, the superiority of the western astronomy, on the Chinese astronomy; the experience that he imagined, went to do to calculate, for a certain day, the

execution of the shade of a gnomon - pointer of a clock of Sun - of certain greatness, what supposes the knowledge for this day, by inclination of the Sun; through a solution using a rectangle triangle. The Jesuits' forecasts adjusted to the experience, what didn't happen to the Chinese astronomers' forecasts; what showed clearly, the state of still rudimentary of Chinese astronomy.

After having reestablished the completely the order inside your Empire, and to have impeded abroad in Tartaria, for one knew politics combination and war, the formation of a new Tartar potency, comparable the one of Tchinkis; Khang-hi consecrated your long career to the development of the interior prosperity of your vast empire; he was a different Lettered, and it got to take the territorial surface of China for 11 million squared kilometers.

Your grandson Kao-tsoung, designated in Europe, for the name of the

years of your reign, like Khian-loung (Ch´ien-Lung) 1736-1796 - Celestial Protection; It submitted Tartaria definitively, and finally it assured the dismasting of Tibet; in this time who governed Tibet it was the Dalai-lama, but only for appearance, because in true, it was about the real direction of the Chinese Mandarins, that everything for there it was governed.

On this great and magnificent emperor, it was possible to accomplish

inside China, progresses in conformity with the importance of the foreign expeditions; where happened the first prohibition of the opium - 1795; it is not the war. It was broadly developed the works of public usefulness: it is due to him, beautiful works to impede the flood of the Yellow river.

We will repeat some words of Mr. Abel of Rémusat, that well characterizes to noble nature of this prince; and this feeling of the duty, that makes to conceive the supreme to can, as a social function, it subjects to imperious duties, according to the type built by the Confucius philosophy and that worthy so many emperors, accomplished under the impulse and with the aid of the Lettereds' corporation.

“With passing of the times, and with aging of the emperor, he became more exact in the execution of the ceremonies, that they were parts of the Duties of the Sovereigns; and when the illnesses that began to disturb him, forcing him to relax, for some time, your accuracy; he was justified of that, for public declarations. He was applied more and more to the business of the State; and in the 90 year-old age he got up at dawn, in the winter, to give your audiences or to work with your ministers. He was endowed with a strong character, of a penetrating spirit, of a rare activity, of a great rightness; he loved your subjects, as a Chinese sovereign should love him, that is; it was solicitous in governing them with serenity, and to every force blanket the Peace and the Abundance, among your subjects. Six times in elapsing of

your reign, he visited the provinces, and every time that did it was it to give useful orders; to do to build dikes to the edge sea; to punish the evil versions of the big ones, for which he was shown flexible ".

Khian-loung, protected the literary movement and the general diffusion of the Education and Instruction actively. He was a ‘ Lettered. With fair reason, because they were able to the missionaries Jesuits, to register in your last memoirs, the following verses, published by the French priest, Reverend Amiot, that for there it was:

" Without truces, busy, in more than a several occupation, That he offers a government admirable, and serious, The largest potentate had in the Universe, He is the best lettered than it exists, in your Empire ".

Already in the century XIX A.C., in your beginning, the dynasty Qing, suffers an accelerated decadence; being continues the interference of the Westerners and of some Orientals, as the Russians; the Asians, as Japanese, and the fights against the opium; the Second prohibition in 1800. War of the opium -1839-1842; rebellion of T´ai-p´ing 1850 to 1864; Second war of the opium 1855-1860; Russia takes possession from territory to the north of Amur - 1858 - 1860; France takes possession of the Indo-China 1860, time that in 1860, Pierre Laffitte wrote your book, General Considerations on the Group of the Chinese Civilization and about the Relationships of the Occident with China " - 1859/1860. In 1898 it happens Kuang Hsu's reforms (1875-1908). In 1900 Revolt of Boxers. Already unhappily, in 1905, it happened the beginning of a great indiscipline, it appears internally, the abolition of the system of exams. Generating the instability in the Lettered's class or intellectuals.

Until the fall of Mandchús or Qing, in 1911, industrial life of China stayed substantially the same; as Europe stayed, from Paricles to the Industrial Revolution, in the Occident. Due to Chinese they be in a psychic state, with fetishist intelligence, added of an education of the adoration feelings, and of the it influences of the Lettereds, that they always generated the calm domain of the tradition, of the erudition, of the fetishist art; in time, of the sentimental state of emotion, exciting, tumultuous, turbulent of the organizational plutocracy system regimen, highly selfish, created by the Westerners; due to the growth of the subjective mental state, developed by the theological and metaphysical intelligence; that it took the " western religious persons ", to the knowledge of the natural laws of the sciences; in spite of the contribution of the Chinese civilization, previous to 1911, to have servant, the compass, the gunpowder, the paper, the silk, the Press, the ink and the porcelain.

Chinese were not broadly inventive, before the century XIX, in the intellectual field of the scientific life, as it was already said, due to your state fetishist intellectuality, that prevailed and it still prevails, in most of your population; however, in the moral field, as Voltaire said :

" The one that plus, Chinese took to the highest perfection degree, it was the Morality ".

It reaffirms Confucius saying: " Building the house on solids foundations, the world will feel safe " (Voltaire - Works,xii,29) (Confucius - mentioned by Wilhelm, in Keyserling, Book of Marriage 137)

In the material field, they were and they are the largest executioners of the work.

Up to 1911, Chinese still stayed with your old, but effective

economical system, because he left the poor with the necessary; and they revealed a prophetic contempt, for the machines that manpower reduce, that fantastically accelerated the work and they threw at the same time, millions of men in the unemployment, and so that few, they acquired great wealth. It is the capitalism. They always disliked the capitalism, but they still continue today trying in capitalism, to survive, after a lot they try for the communism, for that they scientific modernize him ; that is, they win the lost time, in what concerns the scientific and technological knowledge; dominated by the communists bolshevists and now for the democratic capitalist Westerners, with such Global Liberalism.

We can still detach some Emperors of this dynasty of Mandchús or Qing; Li-Hung-chang 1823 to 1901; The Empress Widow, that we already approached in begin of this

work - T´su Hsi, of 1834 at 1908 A. C..

With the fall of the Qing dynasty, in the beginning of the century XIX, China began changing in a society semicolonial and semifeudal. The Missionary Schools had strong participation in the social and political revolution. They were beaten against the compression of the girls students' feet; they taught matters of the occident, besides science, and preferably to the old matters of the Chinese schools; they stiller taught the revolutionaries, disturbing and retrograde beginnings of Christ; generating conflicts; because the own missionary preachers, didn't take and they don't take literally, Jesus' teachings, practiced them and they just practice up to where it is convenient to the general structure of the society. And due to these convulsions, it culminated with the Revolution of 1911, coordinate by Dr. Sun Yat-sen

(1886-1925), that it dropped the dominance of the dynasty Qing, it put an end the monarchy, that was not of breed, but it was feudal; and it founded the Republic of China. It is possible that the revolutionary Chinese force of 1911, she have originated from the graduate of the schools of the Protestant missions, that could not compete to the old contests or exams administered by the Lettereds, for to occupy the public functions, and that even after having abolished, in 1905, they were not still sufficiently educated, to the Chinese way, for to occupy high political position. These young ones recently graduate, they were determined to build a society, in the which them, and not the men that they considered old fossils, that should be in the power. The Chinese consider today, the period of 1840 at 1919, that it registered as more important and grandiose fact, of the modern history of China; as being - The Modern Epoch, with the creation of the Republic of China.

In this time, previous to the Communism to begin your destructive work against the Chinese Family System, it fits to register that there was not need to relapse such onerous expenses about the State Institutions. There were not orphanages, there was not Private Foresight and nor unemployment Insurance. There were not insane asylums. Actually there were few insane ones, because the family system provided the individual safety it exempts of dishonor - moral - and it removed like this one of the principal causes of the insanity; that is, the emotional instability, created by the supremacy of the conflicts of the selfish feelings, generators of the mental upset - known as depression; created by the selfish feelings, added in the way of ratiocinating for the dialectic, highly confused, preached by the communism; and as well as now of the competitive democratic capitalism and turbulent consumerism, provoking much more, the same social and morals pathological cases (2004). There was not the need of unemployment registration, because in this case, the family took care of your members that were unemployed. As it still happens in the South of Italy, with the greatness of the Family, being respected, for the existence of the Mamma's Figure; that welcomes the children in your home. Just in period of general hunger and of calamity, would have there to be strange aid to the family cycle. In China of this time, the commerce had settled down in a great middle class, for being from a lot of generations, exercised by a same family. The family was morally respected for each one of your members, and the misfortune of one of them constituted the misfortune of all the family .

In that Chinese world, the teacher not just had the responsibility of the

mental education of the understanding, as well as of the morals, for the teachings of the feelings, mainly social or altruistic. The education included the apprenticeship of the discipline, with base in the duties and of the correct behavior; that is, the improvement and the practice of how to act, relatively with other person, in agreement with their condition (capacity, competence, altruism, and situation = merit) and the degree of the existent relationships.

The fruit of such education was the interior stability's acquisition - mental harmony ; and with the respect with the others.

The Chinese believed that there was an age, to learn each commandment of the life; and that to teach to a child too much small, it was simply to drain the teacher and to frustrate the child. To force the nature, it is not good. ; it is in agreement with the positivist thought.

One child learned in home, behaving in relationship the several generations; and in the school as behaves in relation to the teachers and to the friends, to the authorities, to the neighbors and the acquaintances. Like this, teaching the youth, he would never come in embarrassments. The children would know where they should sit down, when they enter in a class room; they would never take the chairs of the oldest, while they didn't turn her older. They learned how to not to sit down, while the oldest didn't sit down; they eat not before the oldest begin to eat; they take not teas while, don't root erect the cups. In case there were not enough chairs, the more youths would stand up; and when an older person if it drove to the more youths, same with spill of play, the youth's answer would be correct and without play. This way the youth knew where he was, and for that, he also knew that he would be older, in the future. The children knew your limits, besides which could not pass, and inside of the which, in spite of, they lived in safety.

If the Dr. Sun Yat-Sen and your partisans, including Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist government, they had had the understanding of the greatness of the family system, and built on your foundations, all your government structure, there is not doubt that the bolshevist communism and nor the democratic capitalism, they would have infiltrated if in China. A proof of that, was that the communists addressed your more important attack, in the direction of destroying the existent family system. There was not need to destroy it and yes of complementing it; or to adjust it.

Sun Yat-sen continued to struggle, for the political unit, of the First Revolution - 1911, same suffering the defeats, for being impelled in the direction of the old tendency, to the wars among the generals; which the Real leaders of your areas were made. They were in general men without education, and given so much to the pleasures of the drink and of the sex, as the war. They were always desirous of great sums of money, to maintain your armies of vagabonds and unhappy; to have this money they sold pieces of your own country. Japan acquired many mines, ports and concessions, of these insatiable warriors. Educated Chinese disliked the generals; but the population, most of the time, had fun with them, because they drove away the thieves and they left alone the other people. Usually

strong and very tempered, dispatched, and humorous. Chinese like and they love the laughter.

It burst the rebellion in Hangzhou, that extended later to other provinces, while Sun Yat-sen assumed the leadership of the revolt, and President was chosen in 1912 ; he was more than ever a leader; he sent to Moscow, in 1912 a talented soldier for military and revolutionary training; this man was Chiang Kai-shek. The armies Mandchús were reorganized by the general Yuan Che Kai, that negotiated with the rebellious leaders your designation as a new republican government's President. In 1912, a revolutionary assembly chose Yuan the second President of China., that lasted up to 1916.

How can it be happy, if it is not living with anybody what understands what you are speaking?

1.2.2.3) Appreciation of the Third Phase of the Chinese Civilization, the revolution, initiate with the Movement of May 4, 1919 - the Communist Movement, with Mao Zedong - up to 1949; This Period of 1919 at 1949 o'clock, it was known, in the day today, in China, as Revolution of the New Democracy and the period of the New Republic. Of 1949 up to 1976, with the creation of the Popular Republic of China, with base in the Communism of Mao. Great Cultural Revolution.

The Movement of May 4, 1919, it has been considered, as the

ideological spring of a series of important events that it altered the most recent history of China. This movement was provoked directly by the unequal agreements imposed to China, after First World War (1914 - 1918). A vigorous patriotism gave place to this protest movement. The students took the initiative and several social cycles participated actively.

Thanks to these movements they entered in China, new ideologies,

among which stands out the Marxism, that spread quickly.

It was at this time of chaos, that the Russian communists, advised Chinese, they go to the northeast of China, and they hid in the mountain, in a called place Chinkangshan, tends as leaders the Mister Mao and the General Chu Teh; where 12 people of different parts of China, they met at a cottage, in the French section, of Shanghai, in 1921, to accomplish the First National Congress of Communist Party of China (PCCh). AND about the direction of PCCh, the people supported, the Chinese Communist Revolution. Under the direction of Communist Party of China, the people forward the revolution and it maintained a tenacious and arduous fight in the War of the Expedition to the North (1924 to 1927). Party forward on in the agricultural class, because as Chu said: " The People are the Sea, and we are the fish; and while was can swim in this sea, we can survive " . This was a Good General, he saw the good of the people.

In 1926, Chiang Kai-shek and Borodin, they began a triumphant

march for the South, leaving with the revolutionaries of Canton; maintain around itself the Russian communist counselors, so much military as political. The generals of the south, bluffed a resistance, later they entered to bargain and finally they submitted and they stuck the revolution. It was more than military victory.

As soon as it pulled down an area, for Chiang Kai-shek's army, the communist organizers, dispersed for the earth and they organized the countryman, against the rural proprietors, and the industrial workers against the patrons. In this time, the communists didn't still possess the power of today. The force guideline of Chinese, were not the political effervescence, but an impassioned determination of if they liberate of the foreigners, that she had stabiles in the Chinese territory. They had like this the War of the Agrarian Revolution (1927 to 1937). With objective to reach the countryman’s' support, the communists declare your enemies, the landowners, government's district attorney, the policemen of the field, the usurer and the middlemen. As well as they spread, that " Chinese don't combat Chinese ".

In this time the Westerners, among them the Americans, didn't

understand because Chinese hated them; the Americans thought, that had already done so much for them; and the reciprocity didn't exist. But it is clear, for a moral and sociology scientific analyze, clear up, that the Chinese never asked that nobody to sent christen missionaries; and nor they solicited the intention that came to do trade commerce with them.

In that time, many times, when a Protestant shepherd preached; the Chinese listeners, requested to the others that: Don't abandon this gentleman's temple; don't offend this good foreigner; he is making a pilgrimage in our country, kindred of acquiring desert of the " Sky ". We help him to save your soul!

Chiang Kai-shek, a high general badly character and coward,

combating the communists and leaving Japanese enter in the north of the country. He swims knew about government, except of military government. This General was accustomed to work with men that assisted when he called; and that left, when he ordered. They respected the hierarchy and they accomplished the orders. He was not a Statesman, it ignored the Science and the Art of Governing a Nation, for that don't know the Pure Political, it is possible to considered a crime; if it goes like this, a lot of people in this world, it would be guilty, being soldierly or not. But he joined with the Westerners, and it received support of the Western Allies, that were involved in Second World War, that on that moment they were with your attentions driven to the stage of the war in Europe.

This government of Chiang Kai-shek, didn't introduce a leader to be respected. Chinese didn't object to a dictator, for the good of the people; from that he goes strong, to demand your respect. The Chinese government's boss, be a Communist Dictator, a President of a Societocratic Pronounceature etc., he had to be as father of the people, great responsibility. It is to be a Republican Pronounceator. And it should be respected as the father it is it; or it should be, for the children; he/she should also be a good provider, in agreement with the tradition, because: " When the price of the rice is above the possibilities of the man's of the people purchase, then the Sky decrees a change of leaders ". Sky here, is not where it lives God and your follower; it is the firmament, the vault celestial, with your stars.

The process of Chiang Kai-shek's fall, was entirely in agreement with the natural laws of the sociology and morals positive sciences. The immorality for the material corruption, intellectual and Moral, they began when he became evident, that Chiang could not have the Moral control of the people, that is, the Public Opinion to your way of acting, to think and to feel, to your favor. Not only the material corruption, brought the nationalists' fall, that were not patriots; they were sold to Japanese, to the Americans, and etc. The material corruption, comes after the moral and intellectual corruption; it is the result of the rotten state of the temporary ingovernabilidade and of the religious destruction of a nation; and it was that was happening with China on that moment; it was the proof of a close end. (1945).{ This is the current picture of Brazil - Since 1985 to date today in 2004} The War of Resistance against Japan - 1937 at 1945; and the War of the National Liberation from 1945 to 1949. During the War of Resistance against Japan, in 1937, KTM (Guomindang) and PCCh combated shoulder to shoulder against the aggressors, and together they obtained the victory, and in 1945, the alliance broke up and he made way for civil war; and on October 1, 1949, lead them communists they proclaimed the Popular Republic of China.

On October 1o, 1949, more than 300.000 people met at the square Tain´anmen, in Peking, today Beijing, the majestic ceremony of inauguration of the New Republic, tends as President of the Central Popular Government, the Mr. Mao Zedong, that proclaimed the foundation of the Popular Republic of China solemnly.

The deprived industry passed gradually to the control of the State,

USSR collaborated a lot in this time. All nationalized the foreign properties, and they placed in practice,

wide programs of health and of education As the foreign politics, in 1950, China and Russia, they sign an

agreement of friendship and alliance; and also with other neighbors. On this

same year China began the conquest of your territories, older, Tibet and Taiwan.

The Quinquennial Plan of Development (1953 -1957), it used many elements of the model of USSR; where prioritized the industrial investment, on the consumption; and the heavy industry on the light. In agreement with a centralized economical planning. The National Income increased in the base of 8,0%aa; an inexistent industrial base was built; until that indispensable time, for the industrialization of the Country; including the production of airplanes and of automobiles, heavy machines and of precision - electric power equipment, metallurgy, mining facilities, steel of good quality and foundry of metallic leagues not ferrous.

In the power, the communists established a deep agrarian reform; a

continuation than they had already begun, in the zones liberated before this your victory. In 1953 it consolidated, the control of the communist regimen.

In 1954, the Popular National Congress approved the rough draft of

the Constitution, that was a correspondent to the Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party. The basic politics of the communist regimen, was to transform China in a Socialist Society, for so much it was used of the beginnings of the Marxism-Leninism.

The construction of a strong industrial base could only be used, extracting a great surplus of the rural areas, but around 1957, the production was stagnated.

In the search of solutions for the problems of the country, and on

behalf of the open debate, it was thrown a campaign so that " it arise 100 flowers and competed 100 thought’s schools” , which invited the people to create a system and to propose alternatives. As most never has and had reason, to propose something for your own good, they only by chance get right; instead of proposed, the own people began to complain of the lack of democratic freedom, that is, liberality desire; questioning the government of Party; it was when an “anti-right-wing campaign " appeared, that repressed those that had manifested your opinion against the goals of the Party.

In 1958, Mao Zedong (Mao Tsetung) he threw the call " Great Jump to Forward ", whose objective was of cultivating the field and to industrialize the urban area. The economical, social and politics initiative of China in the end of the decade of 1950, it represented the great first mark in the process of removal of Hand-Tsetung of the Soviet socialist model. The independent and rural commune became the basic beginning of the social life. It increased the cultivated surface and the agricultural production thanks to a rigid discipline and the enormous effort of the population. This authoritarian plan, dogmatic and inflexible, took the whole China to the disaster; and in the rural areas the widespread hunger. Given official they registered that 20

million died between 1959 and 1961, in what it was one of the worst tragedies of the century and one of the fewer published. In this same period, it began the War of Vietnam - 1959 - that finished in 1975

From 1957 to 1966 the socialist construction in great scale; the

industrial fixed assets, of the whole Country, increased three times, on the original value; and the National Income, increased in 58%, according to the compared prices; the principal industrialized products production, increased several times; they occurred to national level, infrastructure constructions, and technological transformations in the agriculture.

In 1962 Mao Tsetung he made a solemnity critical of your mistakes, in the direction of the economy and it was substituted, by Liu Shao-chi (Liu Shaoqi), however he continued to drive Party and to count with the important support of the Popular Army of Liberation.

In this time, the relationships with USSR deteriorated, due the

ideological differences, emphasized by the Soviet leader Nikita Khruchev, in a pronounced speech in 1956. The alone separation felt in 1963, and the Soviet technicians left of China, taking the plans and original projects.

In 1966, the Army and the Red Guard's young students, seizing the

Book of Citations of Mao, they began in the whole China, a campaign in the which they accused public employees and academical teachers, of reactionaries and followers of the capitalism.

It was in this point, that the " Great Cultural Revolution” of the

Proletariat began. All reaching the activity areas. (May of 1966 to October of 1976)

This was the largest movement of masses of the history of the Popular Republic of China, happened in the decades of 1960 and 1970.

After the failure of the Great Jump, Mao Tsé-tung began, in 1966, the

Proletarian Cultural Revolution, that it was materialized in a campaign antirevisionist, denominated Cultural Revolution; during the one which the People and the Chinese Government, they suffered the most serious setbacks and losses, from the foundation of the Popular Republic. It was the victory of the ideological section more radical of Party, that moved away of the power the moderate elements, influenced the old habits, the costume, the culture and the way to think of the population. Mao believed that the principal obstacle for the socialism, was the loss of the revolutionary spirit in China, mainly among fellow-member of the Communist's Party. In spite of the cultural and technological stoppage happened during the Cultural Revolution, China detonated, in 1967, your first hydrogen bomb and, in 1970, it put in your orbit first artificial satellite.

The movement had beginning in Shanghai, extending to Peking, today Beijing. The first manifestations of the red guards, in the Square of Tian`anmen (Peking), they surprised the veteran of the fellow-member of Party, that were not opposed to the Mao, once your legitimation and the one of the regime depended on him. In October of 1966, the Red Book appeared, that exposed the thought of Mao. The Red Guards combatted priests and teachers, in a society in that the wisdom and the consideration for the oldest were values extremely respected. The organization of the Chinese Communist Party was disintegrated and they grew up the Revolutionary Committees.

In January of 1967, the movement exploded in other urban areas.

The opposition the Mao formed your own groups of red guards, provoking violent confrontations in the streets. In 1968, Mao recognized that the disorder had gone too far.

During these years that the confrontations reached dimensions of civil

war, they died a lot of people, it is said million, among them Liu Shao-chi, the principal opponent of Mao.

It was in this time, that China had a significant intervention in the creation of the Movement of the Countries Non Aligned; although it has not integrated formally, it sent technicians and hard-working, to support the programs of development of the Third World; among these programs the most important was the African railroad, that it unites Zambia to the Indian Ocean, crossing Tanzania; not seeking the ferrous, mainly the copper.

The revolutionary movement of many countries, they were inspired by

China, and they adopted war countryman's strategies, elaborated by Mao Zedong and Lin Piao.

1.2.2.4) Appreciation of the Fourth Phase of the Chinese

Civilization - THE Great Internal Chaos - the Evolution with Globalization - of the decade of 1970 to today - 2004. - Internal conflict between the Capitalism and the Communism - Unemployment - Concentration of Income and Maximization of Miserable. The Democratic Capitalist Illusion. The Wealth of Few with the Misfortune of Many.

At the beginning of the decade of 70, the First Minister Chu En-lai, began conversations with USA, while Deng Xiaoping, man of trust of Liu Shaoqi, came back to the power.

In 1971, the government from China, got the necessary support, to

substitute Taiwan, as representative of China in the organization of the United Nations (UN). The USA stopped them hindering the decision, because they dazzled the advantages of improving your relationships with

China. Because there it was a great potential consumer of your productive surpluses, or of industrial expansion; for which the consumerism of the superfluous, of the lust could become one of the fundaments of the capitalism, in your necessary expansion and consumerism; of joint-venture in China and of exportation to China.

No capitalist wants to see the good of the other. The USA wants the market in potential of China, and not the good of the Chinese people. And nor of your own people. Bad knows the capitalists, that with this attitude, they provoke the competition in your own internal market, with the products and imported services of any part of the world, at such low prices, that will create high crises of unemployment; increasing the usury and the bourgeois' class - players of the stock exchange, turning the own vulnerable Westerners to the social conflicts, the civil wars, and the misfortune. The Capitalism is Cyclical, not only in the pleasure, as in the misfortune.

But the people Chinese, due your formation astrolatic fetishist

religious, has good intentions, from that the foreigner, don't want to alter yours it nourishes basic; even to the other countries, if they don't suffer radical changes in your way of feeling, to think and to act, it is More altruistic, for that, let us see what says the Chinese Constitution, as the international relationships, in the Preamble of your Constitution:

... " The successes of China in the revolution and in the construction, they would be impossible without the support of the people of the World. The Future of China, is intimately linked, to the rest of the World. China adopts an independent foreign policy; it proclaims the five beginnings of the mutual respect, for the sovereignty and for the territorial integrity, of not mutual aggression, of non interference in the internal subjects, of equality and of reciprocity of advantages, and of peaceful coexistence, as beginning of the diplomatic relationships, and of the economical and cultural changes, with other countries; they are opposed firmly to the imperialism, to the hegemonies and the colonialism; it battles with view to the unit effort, with the people of the other countries; it gives every support the oppressed nations and to the countries in development, in the fair fight, to reach and to preserve, the national independence and to develop your economy ; and to make an effort for to safeguard the world peace and to promote the cause of the human progress” ... 4/12/1982

When exploding the conflict to the north, in the border with the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), in the middle of the War of Vietnam, China was threatened by facing the United States and USSR, the two world superpowers, in two combat fronts. The China suffered, also, the international isolation and the consequences of the internal chaos.

In 1975/1976, (Zhou), Zhu De, they Died Chu - veteran revolutionary

and Mao successively - An internal dispute appeared among rival factions.

The pragmatic ones and reformists prevailed, that removed advantage of the support that they had of the public employees.

The Chinese Communist Party and the Army began the re-

establishment of the order and the revolutionary apogee began your decline. The death of Mao allowed the imprisonment, in 1976, of the against-revolutionary clique of the call Group of the Four, among which it was the last woman of Mao, Jiang Qing; and Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wanga Hongwen - and suitable as responsible for the failure of the Cultural Revolution. In 1981 they were submitted to public judgement; being condemned and dead, for us to serve as example of acts immoral, unpatriotic and not republican; so that the population, of the penalties is become aware for conducts of this order.

In the international plan, China was opposed all the allies from USSR; this way it supported the movement the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola and the Pan African Congress in South Africa; and it began to have worse relationships with Vietnam, after this country defeated the USA, in 1975.

In December of 1978, in the Third Plenary of the Eleventh Meeting of

the Central Committee of Party, Mr. Deng Xiaoping was totally rehabilitated and radical changes were announced in the economy.

With Deng Xiaoping, China began a new chapter, in your history, for him it was rehabilitated, for the new direction of Party, and he had your recognized authority. This gentleman had gone General Secretary of the Central Committee of Communist Party of China previously. About your direction, this new leadership, in 1979, announced a reform politics and an ambitious person program of economical development, that foresaw significant progresses in the agriculture, industry, defense, science and technology. With the reforms of the economical and political structures, it grew in a gradual way the road of the development, for the socialist modernization, with the Chinese peculiarities. With the application of this politics, China has been trying deep alterations, in your physiognomy, the economy has been moving forward in great speed; and the conditions of life around of 20% the People, it has been getting better vastly. This was up to now, the period of larger development, from of the foundation of the Popular Republic of China. And the 80% in the poverty and in the miserable?! For where does the Socialism ?

In 1979 China invades Vietnam, to give him a lesson for having invaded Cambodia, and to drop the regimen of Red Khmer; and at the same time internally since 1978 to 1979, it was accepted a larger freedom of expression and critic, for their certainty that they would be driven against the Cultural Revolution and your responsible; appearing the movement the Spring of Peking, that was centered in the " wall of the democracy ", in your

majority without responsibility; where the citizens could exhibit posters, expressing your opinions. The wall also served so that the dissidents could distribute secret magazines.

It is evident that when you criticize them if they returned against the

regimen, without adapted propositions the changes, that came to add to the defendants' good - public Chinese; the such wall of the democracy was closed.

In the field, the popular communes were dissolved, and the earth was

redistributed in family units and leased to the State. They were introduced imposed in substitution to the production quotas; and the countryman were authorized to change your surpluses, for money, in the villas and cities.

China also announced that she would open your doors to the trade, to the investments and loans of the foreign. With view to attract the companies of the exterior; zones free or economical special were created., like Hong Kong and Macao, that offered incentives, as exemption of tributes manpower and earth low cost; similar to free trade zones of other countries.

Many decision were last of the Ministries for the manufacture

managers; that they started to plan the production and the distribution, and to choose of the supplying sources of raw materials. To the hard-working youths an employment system was offered, for contract, instead of naming them in a lifelong way, for an unit of production.

The creation of small companies was allowed, copying something

wrong of the selfish system of the capitalism, that is an illusion, of " small companies great businesses " a false illusion - because actually they are " small companies, with great problems ". There are few small companies, that survive, to produce, in your majority superfluous products. That they compete to each other, to maximize the earnings of the boss and to minimize the proletarian's earnings. To ponder income; and not to distribute income.

To produce not for the good of the mass (people); and yes to explore the people, for the good of many few: the capitalists.

But it is at this time that we can offer, an alternative, with the

Societocracy, instead of the individual capitalist democracy and of the capitalist communism of State; where doesn't nail the conflict between the Socialist Patron and the Proletarian. For better understanding of this Utopia, that is not chimera, the Capital it will be management, not for the State; and yes for Socialist Patron, that won't be owner of the Capital, in the Industrial Societocratic Regimen (where there is society); and yes Manager of the Capital. However the individual property, or of each one, be him Socialist Patron or Proletarian; it is

not collective, and yes social in the level of Family or of Individual, where applicable. The Manager of the Capital – Socialist Patron, has an earnings, an income, larger than the one of the proletarian, that should only worry if with the work, internal of the industrial system, the one that belongs; because the responsibility of the Manager of the Capital – Socialist Patron, is larger than the one of the Proletarian - mainly in what he refers to the commercialization contracts, to maintain the industrial unit in constant operation. The Merit (capacity, competence, altruism and the situation) of Socialist Patron, it is measured, for the proletarian and for the result of the Social and Finance Profitability of the Industrial Unit. A Socialist Patron can lose your function, for a Proletarian, that has more Merit; becoming a Proletarian, for the managerial incompetence; for possessing more merit in Proletarian's function. It is vice-versa. The Profit has your application, in the re-investment of the expansion plans or modernization, in the dividends and allowances of Socialist Patrons and of the Proletarians. The taxes are calculated on Finance Profits, to collaborate in government's plans. Taking into account the Wages of Maintenance and the one of Wages of Productivity. And the Wage of Maintenance it doesn't depend of the Work - Controlled by the Government - to See detail in another exhibition. And the one of Productivity, depending, of the industrial cost, seeking not the competition, but to the smallest price, to assist, the Public Cause, Well - public, of all the social needs drifted. The passage of the position in hierarchic organization will be in way of Societocratic Election. (Boss of the section, indicates the future boss, to substitute him, with your superior agreement, and placing the new boss's name, to be countersigned, for your subordinate ones - if there is more than 85% of agreement, the new boss assumes the function -- to See detail in another exhibition).

The ideal would be Great Commercial Companies, with small problems; and abundant Small Industrial Families Companies. The partners of these great commercial companies of trade they would be, the proprietors of the small ones Industrial Family.

Deng Xiaoping's Government, led off programs of progressive retreat

of the subsidies to the prices of the consumption goods, to allow the market to determine the prices of some basic products, as the related with the feeding and the clothes, to stimulate the growth, promoting the consumption. The diversification in products rose and for several years the wages increased. The restrictions inside and out of China, they went being gradually reduced; as well as the diversity of artistic expression began to be tolerated. But it fits to notice that these changes that provoked some employment, provoked the generation of the inflation, mainly in the prices of victuals and clothes, and in the end of the decade of 80, the purchasing power, decreased; and 2004 is critical. In the rural zones, the countryman that had easy access to the urban centers, they were benefitted, with the

possibility to provision great markets, they put, the ones that lived in distant areas, they went being for brings. It increased the pesticides use and chemical fertilizers, what initially made to increase the production; but the productive level began to fall, forcing the producers to use great amount of chemical products; that use forced to use dangerous levels, while the prices of the pesticides continued increasing. The Providence' Social welfare deteriorated and the new employment systems began to generate insecurity; although it was given to the managers, the power to negotiate and to dismiss workers; and of fastening production goals, it didn't feel to the unions, a freedom of agreement action, with the changes. In this time, there was already a debate on the rhythm and the reach of the economical changes; and about a clearer separation, between Party and the State.

In 1986, there were a student manifestation and Shanghai, demanding freedom of press and political changes. The General Secretary of Party, Hu Yaoband, relatively youth was forced to renounce your position; and the conservative line, began a campaign against the bourgeois liberalism, to eradicate, what called ideas western, fundamentally the political pluralism - although they were also mentioned the communism and the corruption. Many considered, that it was treated from an attack to the politics economical maids, or better, reformed by Deng, because Hu Yaoband, was one of your coreligionists.

In 1989, Jiang Zemin, took the office of Central Secretary of the

Committee of Communist Party of China, and in this time the tendency for the chaos walked to wide steps, and it was on this year, that the Government had to restrict the freedom, to reduce the order that was retrograde, with a progress that was anarchical. They happened important changes, and Li Peng, it took First Minister's office.

As only are considered the said laws of human rights, for the other

ones, that are not in the Group of the 8; because these that command this group, they can make atrocities, on behalf of your regimen, and nothing happens; the international reaction to repression, postponed the intentions of China, in coming, to get a larger economical exchange with the foreign.

In 1991, England signed in Peking (Beijing) an agreement for construction of a new airport in Hong Kong, as part of the negotiations, so that the British colony, returned the sovereignty of China in 1997.

On this same year of 1991, a third of the companies was in deficit,

and a State budget every more unbalanced day, it provoked the need of inevitable structural reforms. Communist Party, headed then, to retake the process of economical liberation, suitable for Deng Xiaoping; that it allowed to maintain a stability in the political situation, an incessant development in the economy, and in the diplomacy more and more active. The agreement of Paris about Cambodia and the dissolution of USSR accelerated the

approach of China with Vietnam. In this same time USA broke them the diplomatic ice, that lasted long from of 1989; doing with that Beijing is respected the international agreement that limited the export of missiles. A high public employee of Beijing visited Seoul, in South Korea, to participate in III it Confers Annual of the Economical Cooperation of Asian and of Pacific (APEC) - there was the political prisoners' liberation.

In 1992, China stuck to the agreement of not nuclear proliferation. The Government Bush - father - he gave priority your commercial relationships, with China. Great political changes happened, as well as in the high commands of the Popular Army.

In the annual Session of the National Congress of the People, the

General Secretary of Party, Jiang Zemin, was indicated President, becoming the first person, from of the death of Mao, to accumulate Boss's of State functions of Party and of the Armed Forces Commandant; and being the First Minister Li Peng, it was confirmed in the position. The independence of Tibet, it was repressed relentlessly.

In the economical sphere, Jiang Zemin felt beginning an austerity

plan, in the State apparatus, and the countryman' taxes were high; and due to protest, the government retreated, and it removed the new income on the rural union - 800.000.000 peoples.

The Gross Domestic Product increased 12,5%, in 1992, however this growth had your first undesirable effects in 1993, when on this same year, Mr. Jiang Zemin, accumulates the Popular President's of China position, when the inflation of the first semester reached 20%, in spite of this the growth was of 13,5%; but Li Peng intended to limit the economical expansion for 9%, to reduce the inflation, in spite of the protests of the coastal provinces like Guandong, one of the principal beneficiaries of the Chinese economical boom.

The social inequalities, brought by the capitalism, in the great centers of the cities, among the new-rich capitalists (Patrons Industrial Capitalists) and most of the Industrial Proletarians, added of the Countryman Proletarians; they continued growing, and with these inequalities, it appears in parallel, the migration of millions of people of the field for the city; creating more social and moral crisis. This took the Government to demonstrate prudence in the closing and / or privatization of State companies, considered by the capitalist system, as not profitable; because a fort unemployment increase, would still turn tenser, the already precarious social situation. Enter in the it paginates www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista - in Several Goods - in Agricultural - and analyze the Article of my authorship – “The Homeland and the Agrarian Reform” ; as starting point for an Agrarian Reform in Societocratic Regimen.

Another project that sought to limit the social effects of the

economical reforms was postponed. The project introduced a compensation for the unemployment proletarians' of the companies, that it failed or they closed your doors; however due to inexistence of a system of State social of security, including an insurance unemployment, it took the government to go back, for not rushing in too heady reforms.

In 1995, Jiang Zemin stiller consolidated your power, what stopped him in unbeatable conditions continuing in the leadership of the country after the era of Deng. The authorities continued concerned with the social problems of the reforms; and for that, they maintained the important subsidies the State Companies. The inflation was limited to 13% and the plan Quinquennial for 1996-2000; he foresaw an economical growth of " only " - 8 - 9%.

But in 1996, there was a western current that struggle so that it

happened a tendency separatists, due to a social explosion. A form to discipline did with that Chinese, took it makes arrangements, to choke a movement religious persons, that it was provoking anarchy in the Chinese State, when spreading in the area of Tibet, with the exhibition in public, Dalai Lama's picture, Buddhist movement, disapproving at public places, the disciplines traced by the State. Interfering with Priestly decisions, in the Chinese Temporary Government's politics; provoking public disorder.

The growth of the Gross Domestic Product PBI, was around 10%,

while the inflation fell for 6%. The Efficiency lndustrial and the Foreign Investments, considered the motor of the economical growth, and not of the economical development, they increased something around 20%.

It happened, that the foreign companies that settled in China, it was favored to they be her authorized to convert the local coin in dollars or yenes.

As every Government, has difficulty of knowing the real price of the product to be exported, many of the times, the unitary price is put, to a value very low, a lot of times below the cost, to pay little export tax; and when it reaches the destiny, he will also pay, little import USA tax (in USA - they possess a larger control) - But the subsidiary or partner of the import company Chinese, USA, it reviews for the real price of sale it interns USA, to you value of market internal, high; and the whole profit, is for there. And nothing is for the very social, of this great profit, concentrated in the hand of few, outside; anything or almost anything, it is transferred for the origin; many of the times are transferred extra officially for the origin, with objective, of healing the financial difficulties from origin Industrial Exporter Park(*), so that he stays in operation, demonstrating damages, for non payment of income tax , in the origin. Of this form raisin to happen the fight among

inside of China, between the exporters and the Chinese Communist Socialist Government, appearing the corruption; and mainly the unemployment, because the efficiency of the competition, to reduce the same, does with that the mechanization substitutes the man. It is an illusion this export under the point of view of the capitalist globalization; mainly to a country of the magnitude of the social problems - The population - of China. For the American Importers or for Subsidiary Chinese in exterior, it is Magnificent. But Morally for the Chinese People, it is lamentable; because if for some it is lucrative; for most, nothing brings of benefit; because nor the Government, receives representative, to invest in the infra works it structures, originating from of imposed, of these international commercial transactions ; in the “hand” of this inconstant capital, of the it enters and it leaves the stocks exchange.

Deng Xiaoping's death, in February of 1997, after long pathology, it

generated inquietudes between diplomats and investors, however, the government's discharges authorities, guaranteed at that time, that the directions of the economical reforms, were not in game

XV Congress of the Politician Party, in October of 1997, confirmed

Jiang Zemin, in the Government's first position, it consolidated the politics of reforms, in your matter application to the state companies, and it rectified your traditional political system.

In March of 1998, the National Congress of the People, ratified the defined changes for PCCh, in the previous year, including Jiang Zemin reelection as Boss of State and of the Armed Forces, with 98% of the votes. And Hu Jintao mentioned as possible successor of Jiang Zemin, vice-president was named, while Li Peng assumed the Presidency of the Congress or Parliament.

Zhu Rongji, Former-vice-first-minister, person in charge of the

economy, first minister was chosen; with a new integrated cabinet, in your majority for specialists in economy, tends for goal to proceed the adaptation of 370 thousand companies state ace free trade rules; I process this that already took more than 30 Million unemployed.

Giving the economical reforms undertaken in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping,

Zhu Rongji's plans, turned nevertheless, for the structuring again the capitalist financial system.

In June of 1998, the president Bill Clinton, made a trip of 9 days in

China.

In April of 1999, it was the time of the First Minister of China Zhu Rongji, to visit the USA. O subject in question was always the China

participation China in the World Organization of the Trade (OMC). it Happened in November 1999, the First Manned Space Navigation.

In 2000, During X Quinquennial Plan, (2001 at 2005 ) the Chinese

space section will be intensified In 2001 - In December of 2001 China turned officially into member, of

the World Oganization of Trade In, October of 2002, Jiang Zemin was interviewed with G.W. Bush,

USA ; and in November of 2002, in the First Plenary Section of the XVI Committee of Communist China Party, Mr. Hu Jintao was chosen General Secretary of CC of PCCh.

And in March of 2003, in the First Section of the National Popular

Assembly, it was chosen the New Popular President of China, Mr. Hu Jintao, that was interviewed with the President of Russia, Putin, in China. And many other contacts of External Politics; they were accomplished on this year of 2003.

In 2004, I hope Chinese complement the most important facts.

1.2.2.5) Appreciation of the Fifth Phase of the Chinese Civilization - as Popular Republic Federative of China, using at the International Market, the Democratic Capitalism Power; and in the Internal Market, using Laborist Societocratic's Power. Minimizing this way, internally in China, Mao Zedong's Communism and the Capitalist Democracy, of the Western Imperialists; harmful regimes to the Humanity's Peaceful Evolution. UTOPIA I

For better understanding, on Republican Pronounceature, to be proposed, there is need of you they read two goods of my authorship: The Prototype of the Republican Societocratic Federative of Brazil Constitution, in elaboration state, that should be ready in the end of the year of 2004, that can serve as route for China, and other countries of the Contemporary World; as well as the Article on the Moral Council of the United Nations Organizations; where can be found the DUTIES, Individual, Domestic, Civil or Patriotic, of the Occident, of the East and of the Earth Planet. It is at the same time, they analyze the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista ; in the place - Regimen - as well as the - the Positivist Education (to be written in 2005).

1.2.2.6) Appreciation of the Sixth Phase of the Chinese Civilization - As Republican Societocratic Federative of China - with a Republican Pronounceature - of Laborist base; emanating for the World, the guidelines of the Humanity's Normal state, through the Humanity's Religion - in the Moral,

Spiritual and Practical command of the World, tends as base: “ The Love for Beginning; the Order for Base and the Progress for Objective” : Tends how it Formulates Morals: “To Live for Others” and “to Live without to Lie” . Making definitively to happen the fall of the democratic capitalism and of the capitalist communism of State, both of stamp highly selfish; for us to reach, the Very Social and Moral Positive of the Humanity - with the Societocratic Laborist Regimen. UTOPIA II.

This part of the work, 1.2.2.6 I propose that it should be developed

together with a group of work of THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ACADEMY OF CHINA, for best we discuss the several alternatives, of viability of this evolutionary phase of the Chinese society, with the current ones you influence of our time, in this transitory destiny of the several societies that habit the Earth Planet.

Like this, Gentlemen, we have just presented a very general, but enough summary for the finality that I propose, to show the concrete development of this Great Civilization.

We go now, firstly to analyze the period of the Empires, regarding the

phenomena happened in the items, that represent such periods: 1.2.2.1) General appreciation of the First Phase of the Chinese Civilization (Of 2850/2 years B.C. to the year 207 B.C.), - and the Dynasty Xia (Hsi) the oldest, that began in 2070 B.C.; going by the Dynasty of Shang - (1600 A .C. AT 1046 A. C.), passing, also for the three dynasties of Zhou (Chou); until the end of Dynasty Ch´in (Qin) (Thsin) - in the year 210/207 B. C., that is, tends as the First Emperor, Thsin-chi-hoang-ti (Yingzheng): among the years 230 B. C. at 222/221 B.C. .1.2.2.2) Appreciation of the Second Phase of the Chinese Civilization, of the year 206 B.C. going by several dynasties of Han, of Thang, of Soung, of Youens or Mongoes, of Ming, and of Thai-Thsing or Mandchús or Qing (1911). it is in this period from 1644 to 1911, in the dynasty of Qing, where it begins more strongly, it influences her/it of the " Barbarians - Western” , until the First Revolution in 1911 –

For the facts happened in these Empires, it was clear, that we have been attending the gradual evolution, of a double phenomenon; the interior development of an industrial and “peaceful society”, under the couple direction of a monocratic power and of an administrative class, recruited through regular exams, in all the classes of your population; and on another side, in the middle of continuous fights, growing extension of this society, that gets finally to subordinate the disturbing populations of the interior.

The long, evolution of this Imperial period, whose abstract theory and

soon after, the concrete appreciation, took for building in Asian, up to 1911, an immense Imperial society, product of an approximately 4700 year-old long continuous elaboration. It is this final resultant, inside of the Imperial period, that is necessary to appreciate summarily your group. Appreciating

this great society at the same time stable and progressive, having obtained better result, that any other civilization, up to 1911; this conciliation so longed for between the order and the progress, makes to understand us the superficiality of the brutes damages, that were born to this respect, in the Occident, of this time, under such an infamous feeling.

The Chinese Empire in that time, was composed of China, and of some tributary countries: Tibet, small Boukharia, Mongolia, Manchúria and Korea; besides a great number of islands, on the oriental coast of China, among the ones which, Formosa (Taiwan).

The submission of the tributary countries, in the end of the century

XVIII, after fights that raise the own origin of China, and they constitute the history of your external activity, giving your civilization essential stability, besides the service rendered the Humanity, for your civilizing action, on the late populations, whose the dreadful trips (in the Centuries - XIV, XV, XVI), so deeply they disturbed formerly, until Western Europe.

In the Imperial period, in the middles of the century XIX, China was understood between 20o and 41o of north latitude and 140o and 95o

longitude, what gave a territorial extension of 3.475 Km of North to South, and of 3.900 Km of East to West, or about 9.900.000 Km2 of surface - available data of the time. {Today, in 2004 - the judicial territory of China, begins to 53o 30´, north latitude, central line of the river Heilongjiang, and it finishes to 4o of north latitude, in the reefs of Zengmu; in the southern end of the archipelago Nansha. Your oriental extreme is to 135o 05´longitude this, confluence of the rivers Heilongjiang and Wusulijiang and the Westerner, to 73o 40´longitude this. It distances it so much north to the south, as east to west it is of 5.000Km. Today your surface is in 9.600.000 Km2}.

In this time, China, became separated in 18 provinces, according to the official census of 1812 and 1852, totaling 360.279.597 and 536.909.300 inhabitants respectively. {Today, in 2004, China possesses 23 Provinces, 5 autonomous areas, 4 municipal districts under central jurisdiction and 2 two special administrative areas} [Interesting to leave here registered, that for 97 years the population of China almost that didn't alter; because in 1949, the population belonged to 541.670.000 inhabitants; in 1969, it elevated quickly for 806.710.000 Habitant, it is considered for 2005, 1.333.000.000 Habitant, and for 2010, 1.400.000.000 of Habitant]. It was Already able to one to say, in that time, that this great population, taking an average of 400.000.000 of Habitant, it was submitted to a regular system of government: what constitutes certainly, the most significant result, of a social evolution, without example, for your duration and for the continuity of your regimen.

Let us see in first place, which was the general activity of this immense population.

A great show, a population with millions of " souls " was attended,

give essentially to an activity peaceful and industrial; in the which, thanks to submission of Tartaria, for the Qing dynasty, the Army was reduced to the normal function of simple police - to maintain the discipline, against the disturbances interior, individual or collective.

The deprived property was respected perfectly, in your acquisition, in your employment and in your transmission; this was applied the movable properties, as the earth possessions. To this respect, the safety, essential base of the activity, as of all the civilization, they were there so big, as in the countries, better structured of Western Europe.

" The great wealth of the Chinese Empire, the her indefatigable industry of the people and your inviolable affection to the country (patriotism), and so much other circumstances, that prove that if the government is jealous of your rights, it doesn't neglect your duties at all. Same I not being an enthusiast admirer of the Chinese system, but I wanted to explain, if possible, the causes that tend the production of invaluable goods, and that nobody thinks to contest the existence. In practice, it shows a big one number of abuses; but in the general, and if we consider the definitive results, your administrative system, it works well; and we repeated that they are well-known testimonies in the nation, the more happily industrial, the most peaceful and the most opulent of Asian. We insisted about this qualification of happily industrious, because it is one of the principal lines, characteristic, that impress the foreigners, that arrives in China; and that demonstrates incontestably, that each citizen, possesses a good part of the fruits of your work. (Of China - J.F. Davis, Old President of the Company of India in China)

The earth was very divided; the small property took an enormous development; the small farmers' class was those respected of all, after the Lettereds. It existing them property of larger load, whom dominated was the small ones. The great agricultural activity was essentially modern and of western origin. It flowed of the abstract development of the populations of the Extreme Occident. It was already said in this time that the extensive agriculture of great load, it would be adopted in the future, much more than in the present, as the base of the systematization of the Industrial agriculture. This industrialization with mechanization, only made to begin to generate unemployment. Ever since in China the pasture activity, didn't exist, mainly in the middle of China. The agricultural activity, of plantings of cereals, above all the rice, was principal objective of the Chinese agriculture. The absence of the pasture activity, that is, of the cattle raising, that it generates organic fertilizers, it was the lack of fertilizers, in spite of the unheard cares of Chinese, for everything to use to this respect; it is an inevitable cause of the exhaustion of the soil. But it had been these unanswerable inconveniences, of rest, to the nature of this unequaled civilization, they were infinitely compensated, for the existence of immense class of the small farmers'; class free, energetic and independent; what necessarily resulted of the laborious and wise life of a population, whose personal property, it was respected conveniently.

The culture of the vegetables, of the flowers, that is, the gardening, had and has in China a spectacular development and a great perfection. The agriculture of the you hoist - the bamboo, hoist of the tea, etc... it was one of the great objectives of this it elaborates agricultural. The base of the nutrition of China was and it is still vegetarian. Then the immense development of the culture of the vegetables.

As the animal nutrition, the swine and the birds make the principal Chinese plates. In the provinces of the north of China, Tartaria supplied a great amount of bovine, caprine, piracies, etc., etc.

As the agricultural tool, it was characterized above all by an extreme simplicity. The ability and the farmer's active work, they supplied to this respect, the inevitable imperfection, necessarily resultant of the extreme retaliation of the family property. In compensation the Chinese agriculture was favored by a vast overhead irrigation. It is noticed from of then, the great importance attributed by the Chinese people the atmospheric disturbances, whose consequences could be so serious for the nutrition of a grandiose people. Then the immense development of the public granary. It had been that, the fetishist base, also contributed, to this respect, for the great study of the meteorological phenomena. The Nation that depend on the import to feed are vulnerably weak, it possessing nuclear weapons.

The agriculture was and it wills always be an essential activity of this it pacifying population. The public opinion has always been consecrating in China, the preponderance of this agricultural base, as your primordial industrial activity.

In this middle of the century XIX, the manufacture and the commerce, that is, the work of the row matters' appropriation, and the establishment of the means of facilitating them the change; it showed that yours industries, had been essentially empiric, and it didn't offer employment of machinery, that they had your origins in technological actions, with base in the abstract sciences; but Chinese developed in yours industries an activity and a sagacity, notably combined, with an extreme patience and a great sobriety. It is due to that, which of rest if he becomes pregnant, that elaborates her/it Chinese it was above all the small industry; it was a consequence of an insufficient concentration of capitals, and of your inferiority, in the employment of great machines. Favoring this way the unemployment.

The Silk Industry had in China of this time, and from the most remote antique, an importance and a considerable extension. Only in the city of Han-tcheou, they were counted with more than 600.000 workers in silk, and more than 100.000 in the adjacent villages. The industry of cotton has in China, similar importance, position that is inferior the one of the silk; with relationship the industry of the porcelain, your perfection, as the diversification of your products, they are known sufficiently, until today as

something extraordinary. But to give an idea of the industrial activity of this civilization, using everything with a continuous application, I will mention a missionary's following words, of the Century XVII (New relationship of China, composed by the Priest Gabriel of Magalhães of Jesus' Company - Jesuits)

" As in this kingdom or Empire, there be not a foot of useless earth; there also is not man, nor woman, young man, old, hod, one-handed deaf or blind, that doesn't have means of winning your life and nor some art or some employment. Chinese say the proverb in common, in the kingdom of China, nothing exists of abandonment. For more useless and vile than a thing appears, it has your use and it removes of it advantage - until today - 2004. For instance only in the city of Peking, Beijing, there is today more than 1000 families, that doesn't have another occupation, to subsist, that to sell matches and wicks to light the fire; there is at least other so many, that they don't live of another thing, except of they be hit, in the streets and in the sweepings, rags of cloths, in the streets and of paper, and of other similar things, that they wash and they clean and later they sell the others that use it, in different uses, of the which draw a profit ".

In end, to give you an idea of the industrious sagacity of the Chinese population, the service that they removed and they remove of the it industry of the bamboo. Chinese developed for a systematic culture, to produce a wide variety of bamboos; variety in the thickness, in the height, in the it distances among the knots, in the color of the wood, in the surface of the stem, in the it nourishes and in the thickness of the wood, in the branches, in the leaves, finally, they determined in the bamboos constant varieties and that they were perpetuated, as for instance, the “little bug” production or “fleshy excrescence” good to eat. This bamboo improved like this by this skilled culture, it is used in an immense amount of objects.

" The new offspring of the bamboo, when they begin to sprout in the earth, healthy so tender and as delicate as the asparagus. They cut them and they become a healthy and pleasant food. The consumption of this eatable one is immense and it allows a considerable trade.. what is not eaten, in the ranches it is transported in the proximities and until the extremities of the Empire. To impede that the small sprouts are destroyed, they cut in four parts, and they expose them for certain time to the vapor d´água and they dry it later. Repaired like this, they are conserved by a long time, and they can be transported for very far away. Puts that the hollows of the bamboos, are very strong, and they can sustain the heaviest bales: sometimes making to substitute the wood of the chest. Your logs hard of they be obliquely cut, they split with the largest easiness, in the direction of your length; they become separated in turned off threads, with which manufacture, box with compartments, combs and an enormity of beautiful works. The bamboos naturally holed, in tubes, they are used underneath or for top of the earth, for conduction and distribution of the waters. The stems are broken, they make it to soften in water and the mass that of there it results, they manufacture different paper qualities. The wood of the bamboo, flat, united and susceptible of a beautiful polishing, receives from the sculpture all the ornaments that try to give her it admits in the same luck, incrustations of gold, of silver and ivory. Boiled in the water of whitewash and position on the press, it still can if covered with signs, that it is conserved forever; According to Priest Cibot, there is not exaggeration in saying that, that the mines of this vast Empire, are worth less than your bamboos, and that after the rice and of the silks, nothing possesses that gives it such great revenue. (Priest Grosier, Of China, Tome II, page 381).

The true commerce of China was the interior trade, that in the highest level, what one conceived easily, due the extreme extension of the empire and your excessive population. This trade did mainly for pluvial road. China is furrow of rivers and channels; the interior navigation is immense. The government gives all attention, in careful way for the communications among the provinces to each other. China, in this time of the century XVIII, was already seen by the Europeans, as a world that could not depend on the other ones, that is, to be fully enough.

“ I navigated, priest Magalhães says, for the emperor's order, in the year of 1656, on this great channel, and other two rivers from Peking, until Macao, for more than 600 leagues - 3.960 Km -, without doing for earth, more than an only day, to cross a mountain, that divides the province of Kiam-si of Quam-tum. To May 4, 1662, when I leaves of the city of Che-Kiam, capital of the province of Che-Kiam, and to August 28, of the same year, I arrived the city of Chim-tu, capital of the province of Su-chuen. During this four months, it was always for water, the more than 400 leagues - 2.640 Km - counting the sinuous rivers; lucky that I navigated during one month on two different rivers, but, during the other ones three, I traveled on the great river Ki-am, that call son of the sea. During this long trip I found a so big one number of, of all the wood qualities, in case we unite her a the other ones, she would give a bridge of many journey of extension .I traveled along some interlinked rafts, during more than one hour, and sometimes during stocking trip ".

In fact, of to a lot we have been much more noxious than useful to China, which we transmitted nothing else that our vices, besides the special dangers of the contacts, with people, that don't recognize any luck of duties, to with the oriental populations. On another side, the trade with the Occident, was not really to China, except for with Russia, a change of useful objects; it was liquidated in relation to China in money. Two thousand years ago, since an Emperor of China, appreciated the most judicious way, a such trade, being placed worthily in the social point of view :

" The money that enters for the commerce doesn't enrich a kingdom, except when he leaves by the commerce. There is not trade that lasts long advantageous, or else the one of the changes necessary or useful. The trade of the luxury objects, of delicacy or curiosity, that it is done by change or for purchase, it supposes the luxury. Now, the luxury that is the abundance of the superfluous, in certain individuals, it supposes the lack of the necessary, in many other. As larger the number of horses that the rich ones harness to your cars, so much will be the number of people, that will go walking; the more your houses are vast and magnificent, so much more the one of the poor will be small and miserable; the more your tables cover of delicacies, so much large will be the number of people, that will be only reduced to eat rice. The one that the men in society can do of best, to the good of the industry of the work and of the economy, it is they have all the necessary, and they provide a well to be comfortable to the majority "

With these examples, we could show the general activity of this industrious population.

We will appreciate the constitution of the Chinese society now, of the time of the Empires, appreciating the Family and the Society successively.

The base of the Chinese Family, was the filial piety, the respect for the father, for the mother and for the ancestors. The family constituted like this on this essential base, that is, the respect to the parents and the respect or veneration to the ancestors, was object of constant concerns of the legislators and of the philosophers, of this Imperial period.

The cult to the ancestors and the grave, consequence of the formation of the fetishist intelligence, it was systematized in China, in way to build, a private cult, that has largely consolidated the Family, - the regular visits to the grave and your careful maintenance, constitute essential duties of all Chinese, any that are the doctrines, theological, Buddhists or other, that have come to put upon to the fetishist bases of your mental state. There is for each Family, any that is a lot of times the extreme multiplicity of your activity branches, a room common to the ancestors, where they take place regular ceremonies, of commemorations; the presidency it belongs the age, independent of the situation, intellectual or material. Finally, in each Family, a room is consecrated your direct ancestors, room in that the writings are placed, that remember them; and where they are reminded your decisions, to have alternatives of opinions, with reference to the events, of a certain importance, that is happening in the Family.

This admirable constitution, of the institution to the cult to the ancestors, that approaches so much as possible, of the state truly normal of the Human Family, whose essential character is the continuity.

To develop a such feeling systematically, it is because to assure the true progress of the Family, developing your more organic constitution. - this respect the continuity, broadly developed in the family, besides assuring them your own stability, he prepares for the society, natures truly organic, in the ones which, as in the Occident, the contempt for the past, doesn't lead it all disturbances in the present. We can consider like this as unanswerable, the Chinese beginning, that a bad son, is always a bad citizen. Finally, this beautiful constitution, of the Family, received a characteristic improvement, for the admirable social constitution, that she makes to raise the ancestors, the acquired glory for the descendants, instead of doing her to arrive to the successors, according to the emanated way, mainly for theological intelligence.

A saint institution, will always deserve all true philosopher's respect; and the measure that under the impulse of the Humanity's Religion, to the Occident to walk for the normal state, he will incorporate conveniently, this great creation.

Instead of the Western use, that mainly in our days today, it doesn't assure the successor, of an eminent man, except the possibility, of an idle and useless life; the Chinese institution, leaning on in the filial piety , deeply developed, she offers as principal it rewards, to the noblemen efforts, the

possibility to honor your ancestors, at the same time, that incites to prepare successors, worthy of glorifying one day, your name.

As the fraternal relationships, far away from they be abandoned to the anarchical equality of the occident, they are regulated morally, in agreement with the subordination, according to the age; what necessarily contributes, not only to maintain the discipline and the stability of the Family; as well as for the development of the true fraternal affections.

In spite of the superficial damages, caused to the emotional state and caused by the non use of the revolutionary intelligence (theological intelligence), it is unanswerable, that a certain subordination degree should be recognized, to create reciprocal duties; that contributes much more to the real affection, that an equality anarchical, own only to do the inevitable conflict to appear, of the selfish pretensions.

Finally, in that time, the own development of the Chinese civilization, had for an action, entirely unperceived, reacted for the consolidation and the improvement of the Family. That reaction is due to the necessary it influences on the Family, of the only fact, of the existence of long social evolution, whose continuity, it had never been truly broken. Any Chinese, no matter how far away it is raised in your ancestors' series, - in the it hoists genealogical - he is always with them, in natural sympathy of opinion; from of then, the respect for the ancestors, always receives from the consideration of the past, a real consolidation, instead of trying a disdain.

In the occident, on the contrary, the continuity is usually broken. As for instance: it can the respect for the ancestors, to acquire in the Christian, a deep consistence; when is sufficiently remounted your “ tree genealogical” , that it demonstrates in some point, ancestors that it should have cursed your doctrine ?

What doctrine is this, what is maintain due to curs the predecessors, and what does of a painful way act, on the respect to the ancestors?

It is evident that cannot acquire any consistence.

The cult to the ancestors and the grave, that the fetishism delegated to the polytheism, it has been ignored and neglectful for the monotheism. In the great work of Corneille, Paulina, pagan; she respects the paternal order; and becoming Christian, she becomes according to your expression: ... " Sanctify rebel to the laws of the birth ". - As the man can come from the mud, and the woman to be daughter of Adam's rib? Pierre Corneille, (1606-1684), French playwright, whose dramas are the classic French literature.

The revolutionary movement, developed broadly, these deep moral inconveniences, of the rupture of the social continuity, here for the Occident. Which can the filial respect be, in a society, that each generation, despises and does it curse, the one what immediately to it preceded her?

Like this in the Occident, the inevitable reaction of the revolutionary state, it destroyed and it affects, this sacred base of the Family, that the continuous evolution of the Chinese civilization, consolidated and it fortified, before the revolution of 1911 and 1949.

In spite of the brutes arrogance of the revolutionaries Christians,

deists or theists and of the atheists, the Family was in China, as the filial and fraternal relationships, much more close to the Normal state, that was her the Western Family; and she was under this aspect worthy of imitation and respect.

The relative inferiority of the Chinese Family, showed, in the

matrimonial relationships. The monogamy state, had not been reached in China, except in an imperfect way. The law didn't allow only one except legitimate woman, but it mentioned a regular concubinage. Though it is necessary to observe that this legal concubinage is exclusively restricted

In fact, to the rich classes or of a real abundance; and that, even in

this case, they were very far away of having the extension, that the legislation allowed.

Not only, in the matrimonial relationships, of concubinage, but also something quite depressing, the form with that the Women were submitted; and considered one of the layers more drops of the society. They forgot them, the one of the power, that she was the Woman that educated the Men Morally, in your houses, for us to be altruistic, and to do of China, of that time, to be peaceful and harmonious for the Fetishism. However, patriarchal clan system, sinned in this very important item, because they totally excluded the Woman, of the social and political life. What of necessary owe be do it is to discipline the man, as the Woman, for to be complementary sexes and not opposed sexes. See my article, the Woman and your notes, in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista , that clear the harmonic form scientifically, of social and moral coexistence among the two Being, more complexes of the Humanity, fomented by the Positivist Education of the Feelings. And not putting them in conflict and in dispute, as it proposes the democratic capitalist regimen; because if like this state of things stays, where the different ones, are entitled right, without to know your specific DUTIES; he you does with that the man unhappily, for your nature, turn the Woman, again your slave; to save your nature, that is the warlike base; and of the Woman to be basically counselor, and educator of the Positive Morals, that is, of the Science of the Construction, or as Scientific Psychologist, for the good of the future generations, with the whole support, moral, intellectual and material, necessary to the your noblemen activities; that they are superior, those of only to have generated us and given birth.

Returning to the concubinage of the time, it is good to remind that in the Occident, when in China it was Empire, above all in the great centers, of great activity, we saw himself many of the times, an irregular concubinage,

and that it was not restricted the any duty, to substitute the regulated concubinage, for the Chinese legislation. Though when the regenerate Occident, he can have with China, other contacts, that determined not them by a tendency without brake for the robbery, are right that is in the improvement of the matrimonial relationships, in the wealthy classes, that she will make to feel, your beneficial action. Under this aspect, the Western Family, of the century XIX, above all, could become regenerate for the demonstrable faith, suitable for the Positivist Doctrine, it presented a true superiority; as it is of the unanswerable inferiority the theological and metaphysics; above all, on this century XIX, as the filial and fraternal relationships, that began yours deterioration.

There is not doubt that Chinese, of that time, were able much more to collaborate for the Positive Morals of the Occident, for the show that they offered, of a regulated society, that the Westerners of this time, were not able to for your intellectual and moral progress, owed to the misunderstandings benefits, of the industrial progresses, that happened in the Occident (And that repeat today with Industrial Globalization), on everything, when these progresses developed: every day out of all the positive moral concern; what tends incontestably to produce; say the ones that they emphasize declarations of an absurd liberalism, for the type of civilized man, as being materially a type of animal powerful; not more Homo-sapiens and yes Homo-economicus, that will turn Animalis-homo for a blow. Like this, today and yesterday, nothing changed, therefore the consequence of this industrial damage, mainly for the working classes, where this development is produced with more intensity, it was not in way some own one, to crawl to China, of that time, and same the one today (2004), to an active imitation.

We will appreciate now, the Chinese society, of the time of the Imperial predominance, and firstly your Cult.

The fetishist adoration systematized by the astrolatry, as it was already said, it was and it is still, the Cult Official of China. But this official cult, it was complemented, for the of the great Men or Eminent Personal ; or before, for all those Women and men's systematic cult, that rendered to the society, any services, intellectuals, industrial or you live the this great Nation. This cult to the natural noblemen, it was dominated by the of Confucius.

Confucius was the object of the most important Cult after the Sky and of the Earth; he was to China a philosopher per excellence; and when we approach in the following Tome, the systematic appreciation, on the philosophers, will prove that such cult, was very well deserved.

Like this the Cult to the Big and Naturalistic Noblemen, complemented by the fetishist astrolatic cult ; such was the Official Cult of

China, that represented the true spirit, of this Great Civilization, and that for your regular manifestations, it consolidated a certain intelligence.

It is evident that the regular Cult of the Great Natures or Spontaneous Eminent Persons, should appear of a population in that the constitution of the Family, it had led to the ancestors' regular Cult. He extended to the social ancestors, the cult rendered the ancestors of the Family. This systematic respect to the past, character of a civilization truly organic, it conserved and it developed the respect to the old age, that instituted the Fetishism, and that the western anarchy commits more and more, with the other essential bases, of all the sociability.

The Official Cult of China, presented like this us a homogeneous series, that ties the adoration and the cult of the Principals Being - Sky, Earth and Rivers, with the adoration or cult to the principal representatives of the Society; from the largest philosophers, until the direct ancestors of each Family.

Notable provinces, for private productions, still possess special temples. Like this the province of Ttché-kiang (Zhejiang), it has as capital, Hang-tcheou-fou (Hangzhou) that in 1852, he had a population of 37.809.765.000 habitants; and in 2002, he had 46.470.000.000 habitants., he has a temple dedicated to the first silkworms, to do homage, due in times very old, this province to have developed such culture.

The Mandarins were the priests of the official cult; with relationship to the solemn sacrifices to the Sky were celebrated by the own Emperor.

But beside the official cult, and simultaneously with him, Chinese was served as religious practices, taken by loan to the Tao-sse Religion, or the one of the Buddhists, or to other faiths, more or less superstitious. Even in a same group of Mandarins, they didn't belong exclusively and faithfully to the Official Cult. And they were in a lot of times, despised, for those same ones, that were served as them. However the respect to the Buddhist cult, was necessary to a government that had for among your tributary, immense Buddhist populations. But the true China Statesman, knew perfectly and judiciously to appreciate the superiority of the Official Cult, on the theological cults, that coexisted to your side. We will supply some decisive citations; to clear up this point:

" Emperor Khang-hi, published under the Saint Instruction's name, a determinate numbers of moral maxims, that were commented, for your successor Young-tching. And a Mandarin, superintendent of the saline ones of Chen-si, call Wang-yeou-po, did of her, a paraphrase, that had course in the whole Empire, and tell about the subject, that occupy explanations

truly characteristics. One of the points, that the prince commentator insisted, with a lot of emphasis, was the removal, of the " Chinese souls, " for the false sects; and the one of Fo, that was strange to China, was above all object of your censorship. He spoke to contempt of the dogmas, on which she leaned on; he alerted on the ridicule of your practices. The Buddhists as the other supporting of Indian sects, linked a lot of importance to certain words or consecrated syllables, that they repeated constantly, having faith that they became purified, of all your sins, for only due to constant articulation, of those saints syllables; and they won your salvation, through this comfortable devotion. The Lettereds debauched or a lot of wittily mocked this use. And they said: " Suppose that you violated the laws, in any point; and that you are led to the jury's tribunal, for you be punished: if you put to scream, with all your force, a lot of thousands of times: Your Excellency !; do you judge that only for that, will the magistrate save you “? (Abel Rémusat, Miscellany Asian)

The Lettereds appreciated with great sagacity and inferiority the whole theological cult. " If you don't burn paper in honor of Fo, and not present itself offerings, in your altars, he will be shown unhappy and he will make to fall on your heads, your judgement. Your god, Fo, is a beggar; let us take for instance, the magistrate of your district: if you will never greet him or to court him, with amount that you are man of well, and accomplish of your duty; he nor for that it will render you, less attention; but if you transgress the law, if you make violence, if you usurp the others the rights; you can take a thousand roads to flatter him, however; he will always be shown unhappy with you ". The same lettered, developing the Emperor Young-tchin's thoughts, he appreciate in the following way the Catholic Religion and your role in China:

“The Sect of Our Lord's of the Sky (Christianize), this sect that speaks unceasingly about the Sky, of the Earth and of Being, without shade and without it substance or content; this religion is also corrupted and perverted. But it is not because the Europeans, that teach us the assault astronomy and the mathematics, and the government contract them, to correct our calendar; this doesn't mean, that your religion, be good, and of any luck you should have faith in that that they tell us”

This is the systematic point of view, second which, the true Lettereds, judged all and any theological religions.

This way, after we had appreciated the cult, it remains us now quickly

to indicate the organization of this vast Empire. The Government was concentrated in the emperor's hands; he had

the power sovereign; but, puts that ultimately, the whole decision emanated of him, as all power, this power, was limited for the conjoint or groups of the opinions and established rules, of immemorial times, and whose conjoint or groups, would not be for a long time violated of form unpunished, for a dynasty. On a side, as it was already said in this work, being the taken Imperial type for loan to the Family, the Emperor was become pregnant and he became pregnant to himself, as your subjects' father, subject for consequence to the Duties, of a such function, and not as a type of divinity, executing according to arbitrary cares, according to the theological type. Because it was under the continuous weight of a such conception, that was

exercised and the supreme power was accepted. Besides, a conjoint of practices and of precepts created along of time, for the series of the social antecedents, it regulated the exercise of this power.

The Emperor chose your successor, among your children, standing back as possible of the theocratic hereditariness.

There was not in this time in China, the hereditary aristocracy. The

ruler's class was recruited, for exams conveniently graduate, in all the classes of the population. There were three successive exams, checking bachelor's titles similar to the, licentiate and doctor.

All were able to after they have past regularly in the exams

constituted, they obtained bachelor's title. The licentiates for your time are chosen, after certain exams, among the bachelors, and the doctors, always in the same way, among the licentiates. The employees, even for the highest functions, they are chosen between the licentiates and the doctors. It was of such a luck that China was administered and governed, for a class non hereditary, emanated of the people of the population, for a regular system of proofs, that it portioned, so much as possible the Merit.

It is right that in practice numerous abuses, they could be made, in

the obtaining of titles; but taking outlet in your group, a such organization governed and administered, a population of more than 400.000.000 of habitants, in way to assure the material and moral existence, of the largest number of people, as in any other civilization of the planet.

We will present, as it was constituted and as the Ruling Class was recruited, in the whole Empire. We will see as she distributed in itself, regularly the several special functions:

In the highest point of the hierarchy, two counselors, the Council of

Ministers, and the Private Council were placed, whose functions consisted in caring for the group of the it machine government.

After these two Great Council, six ministries came, or before, six

Counselor, whose thirst was Peking, and that they divided to each other, all the special direction of the Empire:

1o ) THE Ministry of the Civil Employees, or advice entrusted of the

public employees' choice, that is, similar to our department of the Interior. 2o ) THE Ministry of the Finances or advice entrusted of everything

that was relative ace incomes of the Empire.

3o ) THE Ministry of Rites, or the advice that inspected, everything that concerns to the rites, the ancestors' of the dynasty reignant cult, to the great civil and religious solemnities;

4o ) THE Ministry of the War; 5o ) THE Ministry of the Justice; 6o ) THE Ministry of the Public Works. Only these Ministries were driven, for an advice, whose president,

had more authority, that the European ministers of the time; because they consulted your fellows.

We took advantage of the opportunity, to show the general

decomposition of the Empire, about of the Empire structure; the Chinese Empire, it was divided in 18 provinces, being governed by a governor, for each one of these provinces, or sometimes, tends two provinces for a governor. Each province was divided at Prefecture; and each Prefecture (city hall), in districts; and the districts in cantons; and the cantons in villages or communes.

A determinate numbers of these districts, they belonged the

competence of Peking directly, instead of depending the governor's of the province hierarchy.

The governors of the provinces, besides mayors, had under your general direction, general collectors of the finances; great criminal judges; engineers bosses and general inspectors, of bridges and of sidewalks. The mayors, had under your direction, vice mayors and subordinated Mandarins; and finally the communes were driven by municipality bosses, and municipal counselors, chosen by the population.

In summary, what can say of the period of the Empire, to this respect,

it is that, in Asian, an immense population, essentially industrial and peaceful, governed under the preponderance of an only boss, for a class regularly emanated of the people of the population, through a very organized system of exams; for consequence without hereditary aristocracy. This class of the Lettereds, it had established gradually, a vast administration system, about the direction of the which millions of Men lived.

Finally, this society, after long efforts, got to join the populations

adjacent, less early, with reference to altruism feeling, that they had been until then, for her, the causes continuous of disturbances, in way to reduce the army, in your normal function, that is, of police.

It was this immense society, that the anarchical contacts of the Occident, disturbed, they oppressed and they destroyed, partly, with the entrance between 1840 and 1911, with the Republic of China, extending until today; provoking great revolutions.

We will analyze now, Confucius, the most systematic type of this

great civilization.

2) Eminent Koung-Fou-Tzeu, that is, CONFUCIUS, object of the deep Adoration of the Habitants of the GREAT CHINESE CIVILIZATION - Abstract Appreciation of Confucius and of your influence on the conjoint of the Chinese Civilization, during the Imperial Period.

2.1) General considerations about the Intellectual evolution of China, and about the general situation, in the middle in that Confucius appeared, up to 1911.

These last two sections, we appreciated summarily, in first place, the

fundamental intelligence of the Chinese civilization; soon after the general history of your concrete development, so that the situation, previous to 1911, that this great Empire, roots certain and illustrious for this couple evolution. We had condition of know, that the Chinese Empire, was constituted gradually, second an evolution, whose general laws exposed. In this philosophical theory of the Chinese civilization, we indicated summarily, the special function, of your more eminent philosopher, that that established, the essential bases, according to the ones which, the modifier element of the corresponding civilization was constituted. We demonstrated with effect, that two fundamental elements, were in this evolution: the Imperial Family, from where it emanates the monocratic government, susceptible of to be substituted, when they demand him imperious needs; and a illustrious class, learned, that represented a modifier element and regulator at the same time.

The man that established the bases of the systematic coordination, of this class of the scholars was Confúcio. It was because, necessary to consecrate a special appreciation to this philosopher; but this work will still be useful, for other value, because it will develop in us, this fair respect feeling, that he/she will allow to ponder, in this great type, the concrete representation of this civilization. It is for this reason, that we will consecrate, the first part of this session, to the special appreciation of the work of Confúcio.

Firstly we should determine the general situation, in the middle of the which, Confucius appeared. We will see like this, under the degree of the antecedents that he acted; and as it was the organ of the fundamental needs, of a situation created by the past; we will understand better then enormous to can of your action, noticing as she was conveniently adapted to

the intelligence of the corresponding civilization. Confucius was with effect, one of the men, that more deeply influenced on yours middle class social.

It is firstly necessary to explain, as the efforts of Confucius and of your School, they turned essentially on the Morals, above all the Practical Morals, that is, the Feeling Education, maximizing the Altruism and compressing the selfishness; as well as the other education or Instructions; and on erudition works or of concrete sociology.

The Chinese civilization was and it is still, as we already left established, essentially fetishism; and it was in this sense that she grew. It resulted then, that China was for many years deprived, of the social institution of the Abstraction. The institution of the Abstraction, is one of the Humanity's largest creations, and it is she that dominates the mental evolution of the populations advances scientifically. All the highest intelligences, they had accomplished your scientific works in the Occident; whose influence tried without though they noticed, therefore only with Auguste Comte, that we owed the discovery, as well as the systematization of this great phenomena sociological, for a dogmatic and historical distinction, between the abstract and the concrete.

Because the social influences as them cosmological influence was

before experienced, a lot of time before, that the very endowed intelligences, had discoveries the laws that govern the natural phenomena.

The theologism established the Abstraction for the special representation of the several and different phenomena, through the correspondents gods. For not having China the theologism, that provokes the emergence of the abstraction operation spontaneously; it did for that, not to be possible, this operating system to be instituted in a deep way and in the breast of the Family, of spontaneous and natural form. Now, the Abstraction, is the necessary condition, to happen the great scientific elaboration, as well as of every development aesthetic, referring the beautiful arts.

With relationship the science, is evident. There is not true science except the abstract science. It is not except, studying the several and different phenomena , that we can arrive to verify your natural laws. It is like this that she had developed, in the Occident, the mathematics, the astronomy, the physics, the chemistry, the biology, the positive sociology and the positive morals. These last two sciences, noticed by Auguste Comte, they complemented the sequence encyclopedic of the positive sciences. That is, sciences that they possess the following seven attributes simultaneously: real, useful, certain, precise, organic, relative and social.

From of then, China essentially fetishist, could not present, the great scientific movement, own to the Occident, and not even anything of similar to the of India, in that time.

The same happens with relationship, to the great aesthetic creations. The idealization, is the condition of an eminent and true art. The abstraction idealizes on a side for the elimination of certain properties, and on another side, because allowing to consider separately, them property or attributes of the Being; it is then possible to become conceive, the extreme variation limits, wants for plus, it wants for less. China being fertile in secondary aesthetic creations, with exact representations of the reality, it should stay it finds strange to the great aesthetic creations, politics or plastic.

China still finds strange to the theologism, and consequently, the institution of the abstraction operation, presented a refractory social way to the pure scientific elaboration, as the great aesthetic creations.

The stranger phenomenon is explained like this, a lot of times evidenced, of a vast population, having produced immense moral works and of erudition, and don't never have, in this grandiose Imperial period, had the opportunity to have servant a science; as well as it might truly have generated an art, high level.

Here is because, a general situation, that it moves away the great intelligences, the theoretical natures, of the speculations properly abstract or of the great aesthetic elaboration, that is, of the beautiful arts.

It is this the first general factor that dominated the intellectual evolution of this civilization. But the social situation, acts in this civilization, in the same sense, that the intellectual situation, impelling for the moral speculations, and mainly of practical morals or education of the feelings with almost anything of scientific education and education of the arts, doing with that the theoretical intelligences, stand back of the works of the pure science.

It was already established that one of the fundamental characters of the Chinese civilization, was absence of caste, and for consequence, due to absence of caste sacerdotal, or of class purely theoretical, that cannot be formed for the absence of a theological sanction. It results then that the rich class and more cleared, he/she dedicates your activity in the Administration, and to the government in the society. As this situation the intelligences purely theoretical, they are impelled to drive your mental activities, for the moral speculations, directly linked, to the government of the society - also under this couple it influences, the thinkers are had occupied essentially of the Public Morals; it can be noticed that the own nature of the Morals, is perfectly adapted that. The Morals constitutes for the theoretical class, the

passage of the theory to the practice; it is at the same time art and science. For your base, she reaches the highest theories, because she necessarily rests on the knowledge of the human nature, that finally rests about all the real scientific conceptions; for your crowning, becoming practice; because it institutes the government of the human nature. The Morals is theoretical with relationship your base; practice with relationship to your immediate destiny. It is clear, that under all the aspects, the great intelligences, found middle of satisfying in fellow creature study, your true mental aptitudes, trying to accomplish, a Real practical destiny, as the influences of your middle class social.

It results because then, a fundamental situation, that prepared and it provoked the Great Confucius Operation; operation that produced admirable results, in spite of the immense disturbances of the Tao-sse, and of the Buddhists. This construction was not largely effective, or else because he was precisely in the true direction, of the evolution of the civilization, in the middle of the which was produced; because the Confucius coordination, is a moral and political coordination; and it was the theory gender that imposed the true thinkers, a such performance.

Like this, the special state of China in that Confúcio appeared, it gave an immediate high destiny to your philosophical elaboration.

In the moment that Confucius appeared, we witnessed a civilization, whose main characters, we already indicated, existing simultaneously, in small several kingdoms, spread mainly the margins of the Yellow river, and in some adjacent places, like Chan-toung.

The origin common of the civilization, own to these small States, they showed for the admission, of a type of subordination, more apparent than real, to the dynasty of Zhou, that continued in inevitable changes the Family; implantation The Implantation period of Chinese. The military fights extremely active, existed among these small several kingdoms. It is noticed over there, a double fact: a real civilization similarity, combined with a political decomposition, or in other terms, a same State of Society, coexisting at several neighboring countries; more or less independent and continually in fights. Of course a such situation should impel the great natures, they try to do to cease, a fellow creature disorder, and to implant the unit and the order among populations; that tends habits and similar ideas; though one saw dragged for continuous disturbances. Similar organization could be more or less well made, but this depended on the nature of the organ, that came to appear to fill out the function, but since there was a situation that is requested fellow creature effort. It was the this great mission, that Confucius was consecrated. He sought with effect, to act on the bosses, these several governments' ministers, on behalf of a moral doctrine, that it was not another thing, more than the systematization, more or less abstract of the people conjoint of the antecedents of the Chinese

civilization. It was this the great problem, that Confucius wanted to solve and it solved, while the Imperial regimen lasted. He sought soon after, for a sermon it activates from your moral and political doctrine, to persuade the bosses, they make to interrupt her the permanent anarchy, of your military fights, and the disorders of your insufficient interior administrations; he tended like this to do to prevail more and more, a peaceful and industrial civilization, in relation to the common antecedents, of these several populations.

Like this, after we indicate the nature of these great operations, as the

situation it demanded them, we will see how it carried out the " organ ", responsible of such function, for the conjoint of the social Chine destinies, of that time.

2.2) APPRECIATION OF THE WORK AND OF THE LIFE OF CONFUCIUS

The last name of the Wise was Krong or Khoung, your names were Tchong-ni and Tse. It was usually known as Krong Tse. What means the Wise Krong (Khoung). Confúcio, was latinized in the century XVIII, for the French Jesuits, that they inhabit Peking, calling him of: Krong Fou Tse - " The Master Krong ".

He was born in 551 before Christ, and the history affirms that it was in the day of Keng-tse, in the Nascent Moon, however your family celebrated your birthday, 27 of the eighth moon.

The place, where he was born, it was in the small kingdom of Lou (Lu), which is placed in the Southwest part of the province of Chan-toung (Shandong). Your native village called Tsou-i (THE Field of the Angles), it was to three lis (~3 Km) to the Southwest of the Capital, called Lu tchreng; today it is Tsiue-li – district of Miradores (?); that formed part of the city of Ts´iu-feu. However the place of your house is beside your grave, to the north of the city, together to the stream Tchu, that is flowing of the river Se.

He died with 73 years, in 479 the. C., that is, the 16o year of Ngae Kong of Lu, 41o of Tsingoang of Tcheu. Your father was governor of Tsou-i. It lost the father very early, and it was educated by your devoted mother's intelligent direction. Educated with very care, showed from the childishness this intelligence combination, adoration and devotement, in positivism is altruism, that it characterizes this your nobleman moral nature. In the 17 year-old age, it accepted for your mother's invitation, a subordinate mandarinate, that consisted of inspecting the income of the cereals and of several nutritious products. He showed in these modesties and useful functions, a great firmness. And this constant concern with the public engage, was that drove all your existence. He got married in the 19 year-old

age, and still for your mother's invitation, and he had in a son, with this your first wife, and the following year a daughter, Tche-tchang; and soon then, in the 21 year-old age, he obtained in the public administration, a high function; it was entrusted of the general inspection of the fields and of the flocks, with the necessary powers, to operate in this direction, all the reforms that he judged necessary. In the 24 year-old age, in the moment of full development of your administrative career, it lost the mother. As to the old habits, very neglectful, but whose influences she wanted to reestablish and to develop; he abandoned the whole public employment; and it consecrated three years to a retreat that knew nobly to use. It was then that conceived your great reform project definitively. In this fecundate retreat, he traced the plan and he surrendered to deep studies, on the Chinese antique; and on several subjects of moral philosophical and of educational practices; as well as the indispensable meditations to the stone cutting of your great mission. Finished this great meditation dedication, he completes your long studies, for several trips, in great number of Chinese kingdoms, located in the low part of the Yellow river; he appreciated for an attentive observation, the several kingdoms, that he wanted to convert to your doctrine; that was not other if not the philosophical systematization of the traditions and of the tendencies of the Chinese civilization. Since then, then, for 20 years, it travels these small states, forming disciples; consulted by the kings and ministers, and acting continually on them, to lead them, to a direction paternal, moral and peaceful of the populations, that they were for him submissive.

For the existent researches, it can be verified that the action of Confucius extended exclusively to the portion of the basin of the Yellow river, about of which was constituted, and he spread gradually soon after for the Chinese population. “ On the north side, it was not besides the border of the Pe-tchi-li, it didn't pass the river Kiang, beside the half day; the province of Chan-toung, was your limit beside the East, and the province of the Chen-si it was what he saw of more distant, beside the Occident ". (G. Pauthier - Of China).

Of turn to your State or kingdom, or better your Homeland, and received to the screams, with dances and laughters; he accepted the king's of Lu invitation, Mr. Ngae Kong, that received him in audience in the same day; coming back the activity, he enters for the administration; and it was with the 50 year-old age promoted, boss's of civil and criminal magistracy functions; showing this combination of public life, and of theoretical studies of morals and of history, that should characterize the school; and that it is not in the bottom, or else a necessary systematization of the modifier element of the Chinese civilization. He showed since the beginning, in your high functions, firm position, that constituted your constant it forms of being, that is, to have a strong character.

He began like this with effect, for demanding the death of the principal public employee, of the precedent administration, in way to condense on the guilty principal, an indispensable punishment; and to prove at the same time, your irrevocable decision of impeding, new prevaricates; he brought the these elevated functions, this kindness activates and devoted to the public cause, that in him joins to the force, without which it miscarried essentially.

The Chinese historians have been narrating the details of this administration carefully. We see at the same time many disciples of Confúcio they arrive to the several kingdoms of China, to the highest administrative and political functions, while others continued your master's philosophical and moral merchandising . For occasion of the king's of Lu death, your protector. He abandoned your public activities, and also immediately your native country, and he continued accompanied of determinate number of disciples, in your philosophical and social pilgrimages, for the other small several kingdoms of China. After 14 years, it came back to your native country, it consecrated the last years of your life, the definitive elaboration of your doctrine, and the disciples' formation, that should continue your work entirely. Among the first disciples it was your grandson Tse-se –“ Thought of Wise ” , son of Po-yo - " Fish of the Prince "; others say that was Tseng tse; we can still mention among first Tse-lu and Po-niu. But he between the great disciples, the most illustrious was Ien Roe, Tse-tsien, Poniu and Jan Iong - The ones that shone in eloquence in the speeches they were Tsae Yu and Tse-kong. The talents to govern distinguished Tse-ieu and Tse-lu; the ones that stood out in study and memory they were, Tse-si and Tse-sai.

Around the 60 year-old age, lost your wife, soon later your son, and finally your more lover disciple, Yen-hoel, that in that he deposited your predilection, because he saw in him, the Humility, the Virtue par excellence. Like this the last years of life, of this renovating one social, its were afflicted. Some time before your death, he gathered your principal disciples, and he made them the last recommendations, about the spirit of your doctrine, and the conditions of your application:

“ The herb without juice, said he, is entirely drought, I don't have more where to settle to rest; the healthy doctrine had disappeared entirely; invoked her and of reestablishing your empire. I didn't get; will he meet anybody after my death, that wants to take for itself, such painful responsibility ? "

Your funerals were organized for the disciples, with pious care; they instituted the use of an annual pilgrimage to the grave of the big renovator. Your school prosper, yours influences it increased and you honor crescents gradually they were conceived to the memory of one of the more nobleman represents intellectual of the human nature, that can honor the Humanity; of

the man that more decisively influenced, and it still influences, about the Chinese civilization; that is, on the destiny of hundreds of millions of Men.

The true cult to Confucius, began above all, under the founder of the dynasty of Han, that was a reparative and progressive dynasty. They had built great temples in memory of Confucius, in the main cities of China. It was above with Tchen-Thsoung, third emperor of the dynasty Song, that the cult to Confucius, was constituted definitively; " under the Han dynasty, they named him Koung (Duke); the Tang dynasty indicated him like first “Saint”; or pure man; he went soon after designated under real preacher's title; your statue, it was covered of a tunic, equally real, and a crown was placed in your head. Under the Ming dynasty, he was named more “ Saint” , the more wise and the largest virtuoso Masters” .

Finally, your direct descendants, for an exceptional privilege, possessed the hereditary title of nobility, that was used up to 1911.

Unhappily I cannot extend him about the life of this Extraordinary Universal Brain Human, because the objective is other, but we should not forget to appreciate the conjoint of your works.

There is not speaking properly, works of Confucius; besides the compilation of the old monuments of China; compilation that constitutes the sacred books, properly said, that exist under the name of Confúcio; some works written by your immediate disciples, that count not only your theories, stiller your a lot of times own words.

The four principal works that having the Confucius name, are: Hiao-king - THE Book of the Filial Obedience; Ta-hio - THE Great Study; Tchoung-young – The Invariability in the Middle; and Lun-yu - Philosophical Entertainment’s. The two principal works, Hiao-king and Ta-ki were written by an immediate disciple of Confucius, Tseng-tse. Tseng-tse had been born in Lu, in the city of Wou, and he was 46 years old unless your Master; he/she was born for consequence in 506 .C..

Tchoung-young, or Invariability of the Middle, was written for Tse-if, grandson of Confúcio, that continued the direct line of this Great Family. Tse-her had thirty seven years, when it lost your grandfather. Finally Lun-yu or Philosophical Entertainment, were picked up by some disciples of Confucius.

We are going in this part of the work, to supply citations of these several works: Ta-hio, Tchoung-young and Lun-yu, kindred of best to do to point out the general spirit of the philosophical and moral systematization, of the Great Wise of China - Mr. Confucius.

Ta-hio, the Great Study, they are composed of an argument attributed to Confucius, and of an owed explanation Tseng-tse, this philosopher's disciple. This short work, it has been on the part of the Chinese philosophers, object of numerous comments, the more notable, and that it accompanies a lot of times, it is due to Tchou-hi, that lived for the ends of the century XII, of the Christian era. Confucius establishes clearly in Ta-hio, the fundamental problem of the moral improvement.

“The law of the Great Study (Ta-hio), or of the practical philosophy, it consists of developing, and put in it evidences the luminous beginning, of the reason that we received from the Sky (Of the Firmament, of the Cosmoses) in renewing the men, and to do to consist your definitive destiny, in the improvement or sovereign well ".

" From the highest man in dignity, until the humblest, and more obscure, it should have to OWE equal for all; to correct and to improve your person, or the improvement of himself; it is the fundamental base of all progress and of the whole development ".

Here is clearly established in precise terms, the supreme problem: the moral improvement of each one, such it is the final destiny. The objective of the moral philosophy is to arrive to build this improvement. Confucius also became pregnant, in a general way, the mental conditions of the solution of this problem:

The Beings of the nature, they have causes and effects; the human actions have a beginning and consequences: to know the causes and the effects, the beginnings and the consequences, it is to approach very closely, of the rational method, with which if wound to the perfection.

“ It is necessary to know the objective firstly that we should reach, or your definitive destiny, for later to take a determination; taken the determination; we can soon after to have the spirit calm and tranquil spirit; tends the spirit calm and tranquil spirit, we can later to enjoy of this unalterable rest, that nothing can disturb; and we can soon after, to meditate and to form a judgement about the essence of the things; having meditated and formed a judgement, about the essence of the things, we can soon after to reach the state of wanted improvement”.

Like this, Confucius establishes, in a clear and precise way, without any concern species with the supernatural theological, the definitive problem of the human being destiny: to reach for the moral improvement the state of full unit, using the intelligence, in discovering the conditions and the solution means, The Tseng-tse disciple's comment, is destined to develop these fundamental notions, referring them the primitive history, and the oldest traditions of China, in way to maintain and to consolidate the social continuity, instead of to break by the in a revolutionary way, as they did until then, the others social renovators.

" All was vast and deep the virtue of Wou-wang; Tseng-tse says, in your comment. As prince, placed your destiny in practice of the Humanity, to as the men; that is, placed your destiny, in the due respects to the sovereign.; as son, it placed your destiny in practice of the filial piety; as father, placed your destiny, in the paternal tenderness; and itself entertained in the relationships, or contract obligations, with the men, and it placed your destiny, in practice of the honesty and of the fidelity ".

This way above, we sees suitable, in that consists this moral improvement, supreme objective of the existence: to do to dominate the several natural relationships, by Humanity : the submission, the filial piety, the paternal tenderness, the honesty and the fidelity.

The conception needs the perfection state, that conceives Confucius,

it is clearly exposed and accurately, mainly in Tchoung-young or Invariability of the Middle, due as it was already said, to your grandson, Tse-se.

In this work, the most systematic than for luck it has emanated

directly from Confucius, Tse-se, it developed the mental conditions; and it exposes the moral coordination, from where it results the perfection type, whose the accomplishment, is necessary to have in aim, in each situation; but that can only be reached, for exceptional men, destined to the government moral or political of the societies.

Let us see like Confúcio, conceives the philosopher type, or of the man that got to accomplish the ideal of the perfection. Text below extracted of Tchoung-young.

" Only the men perfect in sovereignty , can in this world, to know your own

nature deeply; your being's natural law, and the duties that elapse of it; for that reason they can know the other men's nature deeply; the law of your beings, and to teach them, all the duties, that they have to observe to accomplish the authority of the “Sky;” could thoroughly know, the other men's nature; the Law of being of them, and to teach them the duties that they have to observe, to accomplish the mandate of the Sky; for that reason they can know, the thoroughly, the nature of the others beings alive and vegetate and it make them to accomplish the Law of the Vitality, second your own nature; could thoroughly know the nature of the you be alive and you vegetate, and you make them to accomplish your law of the vitality, your second own nature; they can for that reason, through your superior intellectual faculty, to help the Sky and the Earth, in transformation and maintenance of the Beings; for that reason they can build, a third power, among to Sky and the Earth ".

" The ones that come immediately after these men perfect in sovereignty,

for your own nature, are those that use all your efforts, to rectify your inclinations, diverted of the good "

The perfect man is that, that dominated by the moral inclinations, it arrives for the knowledge of the natural laws of the alive and inorganic bodies, to modify them regularly, in way to improve, for a systematic intervention, the natural order. Confucius constitutes like this, the nobleman type of the modifier power, that it constitutes, second your beautiful expression, a third power middleman between the Sky and the Earth. It exists there as a deep premonition of the normal order, characterized with effect, for the assets improvement of the natural order, under the pulse of a preponderant sociability. Confucius knew the general laws of the activity of the Sky and of the Earth, as base of a wise modification of the spontaneous order.

Confucius, brought the improvement for the fetishist civilization, for the astrolatry, from where it emanates to take borrowed for your political and moral systematization, the natural laws, of the Sky and of the Earth; an order type and of regularity, that he tries to accomplish in the human life, for the habitual preponderance, of the sociability about the personality; the only that it can accomplish in the human order, the regularity type, supplied by the observation of the external world. A characteristic citation that in the display effectively, that it is exactly, on fetishist impulses, of the observation of the natural laws of the World, that Confucius built your type of Order.

" The philosopher Confucius, Tseu-sse said, he remembered with

veneration, the old emperors' times, Yao and Chun; but he remembered mainly for the sovereigns' conduct, more recent Wen and Wou. Taking for norm, of your actions, the natural and unalterable laws, that they govern the heavenly bodies, for top of our heads; that supplied the regular succession of the weather, that is operated in the Sky; to our feet; he accomplish the laws of the earth and of the water, fixed or in moving ".

“ Confúcio can be compared to the Sky, as the earth that it possess feed

and that feed everything, that collect and it involves everything; it can be compared him to the four weather stations, that happen it continually, without interruption; and it can also be compared him to the Sun and the Moon, that clear the World alternately” .

"All Beings of the nature they live together of the universal life and one

doesn't harm the other; all the laws that regulate the weather and the heavenly bodies take place at the same time without they contradict a to each other. One of the partial faculty of the nature is to do to run that stream, but the great energies, the big and sovereigns capacities, they produce and they transform all the Beings. Here is with effect that turns big the Sky and the Earth ".

The external order supplies at the same time, the type of all the

regularity and the starting up point, and necessary condition, of the whole modification. But this reaction is not able to, nor it should be operated, except under the direction of a true moral systematization.

The general characters of this systematization, whose the fundamental beginning, it was just indicated, as being the preponderance of the sociability over the personality.

" The most universal duties, for human species, are in number of five; and the man possesses three capacities and natural competence, to practice them. The five duties are: the relationships that should exist among the prince and the ministers, the father and the children, the husband and the woman, the oldest brothers and the youngest brothers; and the friends' union to each other; whose five relationships, constitute the natural law of the Duty, the most universal of the men. The conscience that is the light of the Intelligence, to distinguish the good of the evil; the Humanity, that is the justness of the heart; the moral courage, that is the force of the soul; they are the man's three great and universal moral faculty of the men; but that that we should be to practice the five great duties, it is only reduced the one and only condition” – The Love among Men.

According to the critic and commentator Tchou-hi (Century XII of the

Christian era), it results of Tchoung-young, that the cleared prudence, the Humanity or the universal benevolence, to the men and the force of the soul, they are the three virtues universal or capital, or the door through where we enters, in the direct road, that should follow all the men. Like this follow Confucius, the essential faculties to reach this state of moral perfection, that allows we devote ourselves to all the men's service, they are: the prudence, the Humanity and the courage. Of agreement with such conception, Confúcio constituted, the type of man of State, Statesman, carved to the continuous service of the society:

" All those that govern the Empires and the kingdoms, have nine invariable rules to proceed, to know: to regulate or to improve to himself; to venerate the wise persons; to love your parents; to honor the first Employees of the State, or the Ministers; to be in perfect harmony with the other employees and magistrates; to treat and to want the people, as to a son; to attract for itself all the wise persons and artists; to welcome with pleasure the men that come from a distance, and to treat with friendship, all the great vassals ".

" Since the prince was well structured and have morally improved your

person, from of soon the universal duties will be accomplished, to him same, etc., etc. " (Tchoung-young)

Besides a such moral systematization, Confúcio, in harmony with this

great objective of your existence, picked up all the old literary monuments, of the Chinese civilization, from where they resulted as literary retouchings, essentially those, under the dynasty of Han (206 the. C.), the sacred books of China. These sacred books are: Y king (I Ching) or The Liberate of the Transformations or of the Transmutations Books ; Chou-king or Book of the Annals, Chi-king or Book of the Verses and the Li-ki or The Liberate of Rites.

Chi-king or Book of the Verses is a collection of the oldest poetry Chinese; and that remount to the moved away times of this civilization; Li-ki or The Liberate of Rites, it is a rites collection, according to which the several human relationships are regulated. This book counts very old documents. Y-king or I Ching or the Transmutations Book, is one of the oldest relics of the Chinese civilization. In Old Fetishist China, the oracle The Ching or Book of the Changes or Transmutations, in 1123 aC, written by Wen Wang, in the prison; based on the Book of the 64 Combinations - Hsiangs or Trigrams, written by Fu Hsi (Fu Hi)em 2852 aC., this last book also corresponds to a beautiful attempt of understanding the World and the Man, by the association of concrete cases, to the most general aspect of the universal mutations, common to all you be them. It is finally the sacred and more important book for Confucius, that was Chou-king or Books of the Annals, that they tell historical notions, of the highest interest on the old dynasties of China. The period that this work embraces, extends from Emperors Yao and Chu (2357 B. C. until the year 790 B. C.) the history authenticates of China, it doesn't remount, according to the critics, a lot besides 2357 B.C.; after that it enters in hazy periods, or hazy semi, with a lot of fables.

Like this, Confúcio besides the direct work of your moral systematization, collected the fundamental traditions of the Chinese civilization, of the which came as progressionist, with all reason; because with effect, your work continued to improve the tradition, instead of you slander her; as the Christians in relation to the theological polytheism and to the fetishism.

With base in these information, we can summarily to synthesize the

work of Confucius, and the appreciation of your character and of your action.

There is not doubt that this great philosopher, leaned on the conjoint of the antecedents and of the traditions, to produce an immense moral and social evolution, in your people. It is not treated here, of these arbitrary hypotheses, for the which the Christianity was built in the artificial tradition, in the impotence of really to truly represent a scientific theory, of the antecedents from where it emanated. However Confucius is a philosopher that leans on, real and sincerely, on a series of the antecedents of the Chinese civilization, and that continues in the systematic development of that civilization. It is truly a type normal, and intimately related to the true scientific spirit, that it always supports your current constructions, about the previous constructions. Under the Christian and revolutionary impulse, the Westerners, on the contrary, in your moral and social speculations, that developed a disposition at the same time irrational and universal, in ignoring the social continuity completely.

Confucius looks for your support point in the astrolatic fetishism, base of the Chinese civilization. Accepting entirely the astrolatic fetishism, and

respecting the cult deeply built on these bases, he begins by operating in the fetishism a transformation, that will take place fully among the more different from your successors. He begins to operate with effect the distinction between the activity and the life. The fetishism considers the Beings not only as assets (what is perfectly scientific); but still as alive, what is not true or else, with relationship to a certain number among them.

In Confucius, it is possible already sees clearly himself to appear that is treated much more of the Natural Laws of the Sky and of the Earth, that the wills of these two Beings preponderant, of such a luck that, the command is conceived as a mandate of the Sky; and this mandate tends to represent, instead of the celestial will, the fatality that results of the regular natural laws; this conception of Confucius, has larger importance so much, as he gives more generality, essentially conceiving all the social phenomena, as regulated by the Laws of the celestial phenomena; what is true until a certain degree. The astronomical phenomena dominate the sociological phenomena, but not in the degree of precision, in that if it lets to suppose it in beginning. Like this the eminent thinkers of the School of Confucius, tended spontaneously for the scientific state, conceiving all the bodies, as actives, but don't as alive; in way to present a superior intellectual state, in rationality, compared to the theological-metaphysician state.

On the base built on the astrolatic regimen, Confúcio built your moral systematization, taking borrowed to the astrolatic fetishism the notions of order and submission, that necessarily result of the type of the celestial phenomena. On this point, he coordinated the morals, with the full feeling of a great political and social destiny. It is treated here, of a morals truly practice, in that the duties, own the several relationships of the human life, are clearly formulated, always conceiving, that the last objective is the state of full unit, characterized by the preponderance of the sociability over the personality. As condition of the solution in such problem, he systematized the preponderance of the family, established at the same time, under the filial submission and the paternal devotement.

The conjoint of this moral construction is very general. He is

completely naked of all supernatural concern. As it was already explained in this article, the moral construction depended on the absence of the theological intelligence and of the continuous preponderance of the regimen fetishism-astrolatic regimen.

Concerning this complete absence of supernatural faiths, it makes to

register that in the morals of Confucius, it lacks the sanction. But it is logical; because those that they are dominated by the prejudices theological-metaphysicians, to the point of not understanding, that this intended sanction absence, it constitutes at the same time, the reality and the nobility of the morals of Confucius. Because the lack of supernatural sanction, that it

is always essentially personal, it makes to point out in Confucius the formal admission of the spontaneous existence of altruist feelings.

Confúcio recognizes the spontaneous morality of the human nature.

The sanction consists precisely of the happiness, of doing the good for the good, in this state of full unit, that seeks as ideal the true wise person, under the impulse of a burning sociability, cleared by a burning reason.

The conceptions theological-metaphysics have been tending to degrade in this matter, the true notion of the nature, above all after the inconveniences of the prejudices theological-metaphysicians doctrine are not more compensated by the wisdom of the priesthood.

Politically, the gradual development of the reform of Confucius, had

as result, to give the modifier class of the Chinese civilization, a solid constitution, that assured and it improved your action, whose influences it still lasts long and it has been continually crescent on the corresponding society.

Such it is the conjoint of this great systematic existence and actively

voted to the accomplishment of a social nobleman reforms.

Certainly the western civilization, presented us superior types, in what it plays the intelligence or as activity, to the Chinese philosopher. Aristotle and Arquimédes possessed an intelligence of higher order. Caesar was a man of State, of very larger strength. But we can say with absolute certainty that the Occident didn't form a type that accomplished or come to accomplish, in the same degree that Confucius, this great alliance of the Good Sense with the Morality; at the same time that a long devoted activity to the general improvement of the correspondent society. Here is a philosopher, without supporting your renewal, on any superstition; proclaiming the moral improvement, as supreme objective, and making him to consist, in a continuous devotement to the Society, whose the improvements, in the essential bases, not breaking any in way, with the traditions of the civilization, that it wants to get better; and it gives for definitive sanction, to a such life, the deep feeling of having accomplished your duty. Certainly the Westerners, they can be instructed in the similar contemplation, could learn in opposition to the irrational Christian gratitude and revolutionary; that can try to accomplish the evolution without breaking with the predecessors; and that it modifies so much more worthily a society, the more consciously we sought support, on those that they preceded us, doing complete justice to your action.

Like this, the Occident, to get the level of scientific explanation and it be regenerated by the Chinese fetishism, it will place more and more among the objects of yours it summons veneration, the illustrious philosopher, that an immense empire proclaimed, as the most eminent of the renovating

ones; after Auguste Comte, much later, systematized Scientifically the Humanity's Doctrine.

In this point of the work we can analyze the systematization of

Confucius, in herself, and relatively the definitive coordination of the human science.

The Theory of Confucius, consists of an empiric moral coordination,

tends for necessary destiny, the direction executes of the human nature. The immense gap of a such coordination, it is precisely the own gap of the Chinese civilization; that is, the absence of a convenient development of the abstract science; to supply a systematic base to the morals, and that it allowed an enough modification, either in the external world, either of the man's psychic world. Because the modifiability rests entirely on the establishment of the Natural Abstract Laws. It is the knowledge of the Natural Abstract Laws, of the phenomena, that it only allows to instituting modifiability, at the same time powerful and regular.

To determine an appreciation of this order, we will relate it for the Encyclopedic Series, in the which Auguste Comte, condensed hierarchically the group of the abstract sciences. The hierarchy encyclopedic offers us, the abstract sciences, in the following order: mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, sociology and moral. The morals that finishes up, this long mental evolution, is composed of two parts: to 1a , the Theoretical Morals, instituting the knowledge of the human nature, that is, the Scientific Psychology or Science of the Construction; to 2a it is the Practical Morals, instituting the government of the human nature; that is, the Art of the Education, not only of teaching to subordinate the Feelings of the selfishness to the of the Altruism, as well as to alert the subordination of the Progress to the Order; of the rights to the Duties; and of the analysis to the Synthesis; the one that allowed admit that there usually is not or else practical actions, acting some on the things, and other on the men.

But, the nature necessarily systematic, in the second action way, it has been doing with that it feels to the Class, that of his is in charge of, the name of Theoretical Class. We perceive after these explanations, that clearly, the existence of a deep gap, that the own nature of the Chinese civilization, imposed to the systematization of Confúcio. It lacked him the long abstract elaboration, that it is going from the mathematics to the morals, and without the one which, she cannot establish a true theory, sufficiently deep, of the human nature. But this same theoretical gap, is for the government of the human nature, a cause of great inadequacy; because the social man, it cannot be like this insufficiently driven, for lack of a deep knowledge of the Abstract Natural Laws, of the several phenomena that dominate him, from the mathematical phenomena, until the sociological and moral phenomena; or said social. Now, the ulterior evolution of China, it could not fill out such gap, tends the own nature of the civilization Chinese to

be unfriendly the institution of the abstraction; and for consequence, she was inappropriate the necessary scientific elaboration.

The philosophical work, own to the School of Confucius, it was

reduced the essentially some developments and comments.

The analysis, that we have just accomplished, shows that up to 1840, beginning of the Modern Time of China (1840 to 1919), the Chinese people, carried a deep scientific intellectual inadequacy, due to this beautiful empiric systematization of Confucius; however this same analysis shows at the same time, that way the Occident could have acted, for your more eminent organs, about such civilization, to have respected your great state of Moral behavior and to maintain your millenarian culture, highly healthy to the Humanity's evolution. If the Western science, it had accepted, like Confucius, the supremacy of the Morals, that is, to " Live for Others", it would get then to do to understand the intellectuals directors of this civilization, of the need to give them a base, that came to consolidate him and to fortify him; and that it allowed her finally, to institute a convenient and peaceful government, of the human nature.

We got lost this great opportunity, because in 1860 Pierre Laffitte,

direct disciple of Auguste Comte, it indicated a line of conduct, to facilitate the understanding with China, but the positivism in this time, as nowadays, it is still in an embryonic phase, with few humans in the power, to make to arrive such propositions, high political and moral level, to the current rulers as much of the Occident as of the East.

But, I think that arrived the moment of reactivating, alerting that the current contacts of China with the World, it inverts this position, of only a hand to visit the Chinese territory, that they will make to understand, the philosophical spirits that operated in the period previous to 1911; as well as they still operate in most of the Chinese population, for we create the need of a social sciences, that knows how to appreciate such different social states, as generated them by the Chinese fetishist reasosing and of the theological-metaphysicians reasosing of the Occident; without destroying the Chinese millenarian culture, and that it is maintained, passed the most intelligent minds, to operate in the scientific field; and the minus, would be in the fetishism astrolatic of Confucius, for the good of China; and not for the western capitalists' good, with your biblical theologism; that preach ": it do what I say, but they don't do what I do ", that they only solve the conflicts, for the war. " The Winner of the War, is with God ".

If the positivists had had opportunity and communication means with the communists of the time of Mao, probably the Positive Sociology, of Auguste Comte, with knowledge of the Positive Moral Science, they could have had success to collaborate, in the brake of the democratic capitalist chaos. the need of this sociology would have had gradual effect, for an

unanswerable series, the need of the biology, of the chemistry, of the physics, of the astronomy and of the mathematics, according to the dependencies, that call to each other, the several unyielding orders of the phenomena; from where it would result in summary, the need so that the Chinese thinkers, of THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ACADEMY OF CHINA, made today, a systematic study, of the great abstract hierarchy, essential base of the definitive mental study of the human species; as well as the proposal positivist, of a Societocratic Regimen.

By Positivism, that would respect the total evolution of China, it would operate the total renewal of your mental state, that is, in a so much way the more complete, incorporating the astrolatic fetishism, that would adopt your official cult this way; without need to pass for the theological and metaphysical state, so retrograde and harmful to the human being peaceful state; and to reach the state positive or scientific, of the evolution of the human intelligence; as it is being done nowadays in an erroneous way, making to forget the Altruism, for us to enter in the selfishness, so malicious the human sociability; with the capitalism; that provokes the unemployment in great amount; the internal conflicts of market, of the constant dispute, the maximization of the rights, with the minimization of the Duties; enriching some few, and impoverishing the most, taking many to the miserable state. More internal chaos. The best was at that time of the Empires, where the poor didn't know as the rich ones they behaved. Now they know, and they will want to be rich, in any way, for robbery, for corruption, and etc

2.3) General considerations on the Confucius School or School of the Lettereds.

We will indicate now in a summary way, the principal works created

by the School of Confucius, or better, the general spirit, that dominates such works. It is evident that is not treated here of we tell a detailed history of the philosophy and of the Chinese science; this would take a long time and it won't have in the moment, a great gain; the important for all of us, is to know your essential character. The Chinese historians' deepened study, it would supply us new details; vast works have been made, on this subject, and they are more than enough, to contribute according to the general laws of the philosophy of the history, a healthy scientific theory, of this mental evolution. Three work orders emanate of the School of Confúcio and they are deeply impregnated of the own spirit of the Chinese civilization, just as we defined her: firstly moral works of developing of the doctrines of Confucius; and in second place, a natural philosophy, that it transforms the fetishism astrolatic, for the separation of the idea of the life, supporting on the established bases for Confucius; finally, immense works of statistics erudition, and etc. and etc., in a word, works of concrete sociology.

Why the erudition works are works of concrete sociology ?

Because the erudition works, are in the bottom, collections of observations, that serve as starting point, to true scientific works in sociology. It was in these preparatory works, that it stopped the Chinese civilization, according to the concrete spirit that characterizes her.

Let us see the works of moral philosophy firstly.

These works, are immense and with numerous comments of Confucius; they explain and they develop them you formulate of the empiric systematization of this renovating one, but without changing thing some, to the fundamental spirit of your construction; basing on the system of exams and in the study of the moral books of Confucius; developed this immense naturally literature of the commentators. The principal philosopher that determined the road practiced by Confucius, it was Mencio (Meng-tseu). Meng-tseu, was born in 371 B.C. in the province of Chan-toung and he died in the year of 289 the. C., with 82 year-old age; he occupied with justice, in the esteem of Chinese, immediate place the one of Confucius. They rendered him honors public, similar rendered them to own Confucius, to who was always associated in the public veneration. There is in Meng-tseu, a private character that constituted a real progress, in the construction of the beginnings of Confucius. Much more than Confucius, he systematized the conditions of elimination of the Imperial Family or of the central element; necessary elimination, when this not more it fills out it, in a way truly bearable, the fundamental conditions of your function. He established clearly that when the imperial head of the family not more it filled out, the moral and social duties linked your function, stops being boss, that is, stops being son of the Sky; the mandate of the Sky, by virtue of which he governs, that is, due to the noncompliance of the natural laws of the stars; it should be him retired. There is in Meng-tseu, a character of more clear opposition to the invasions and the disturbances, that it could raise up the imperial power, that decreases as element of the unit of conservation and of extension, of the Chinese civilization.

There is not doubts that is necessary to modify sometimes the

preponderant organ of the society. It was this need that Meng-tseu systematized, determining your general conditions. A such spirit, is as well moved away of the spirit of absolute submission, that emanate from the pure theological spirit (intelligence)

Among the numerous commentators they approach Confucius, above all we can mention Tchou-hi, that lived for the ends of the century XII B. C., under the dynasty of Song. Tchou-hi, became par excellence the classic commentator; and your comments are not usually separate from the work of

Confucius and of Meng-tseu. These comments are full of wisdom and of good sense, as the one of all the Chinese Lettered in general; when your spirits are not altered, for the Buddhists' theological extravagances and of the Tao-sses. These works of moral philosophy, consistent in comments in the fundamental books of China, they have been referred even in our days today; and many sovereigns collaborated to build these works.

Confucius had distinguished the activity of the life. It was the capital point of departure, where it resulted a natural philosophy, that constituted a middleman among the fetishism and the science, dogmatic base of Positivism. We can say like this that Tchou-hi, founded a atomist philosophy, in the which established definitively for the spirits developed by the study, or cultivated, the separation in the bodies, of the activity notion, of the life notion; sketched by Confucius. The phenomena don't result plus, as in the primitive fetishism; of the wills of the Beings corresponding, that manifested them; it is simply a result of the several manners of activity of those Beings; that is, to know the natural laws that govern them; that is, that govern yours phenomena. Tchou-hi, admits that the special activity of each one of those Beings it produces the several phenomena: special activity, whose manifestation is regulated by the preponderant activity of the Sky; what is a positive transformation of the astrolatic fetishism of China; and this conception has the advantage of representing the normal preponderance of the astronomical phenomena on all the other ones. This preponderance is philosophically extended, position that in an exaggerating way, until the social phenomena, whose evolutions, are linked to the astronomical revolutions. It is unanswerable that the vegetability, the animality and the sociability are effectively dominated, for the more general natural laws of the world.

This way, in a philosophy, where it predomine the notions of Beings supernatural, external to the Beings real, and that it produces in them the several phenomena, second inexplicable cares, it is completely eliminated; everything is explained by the spontaneous activity of the own Being. A conception approaches essentially of the one that it serves from base to the science; but it lacks him in your majority the institution of the scientific abstraction.

But, in what it consists, with effect, the true scientific systematization? It consists of knowing the spontaneous activity of the several Beings,

and in seeking the abstract natural laws, own to your several activity manners, at the same time that common to a big one number of different Beings.

Chinese also have a considerable number of works of natural history,

that is, collections of relative observations, to the several Beings; but these very numerous and very necessary notions are essentially concrete, with the

feeling, very present of a practical destiny and they didn't lead it any true biological law. They verified and they collected with accuracy, a big number of meteorological observations; your astronomy had the same character - your observations purely concrete they are numerous and enough precise; but the theories, properly said, they were very a little developed, and they emanated from Muslim astronomers and Christian of the time.

In summary, immense developments of precise and numerous works of concrete observations; but however, with absence of science truly abstract, in the cosmological and biological studies.

This same character, inevitable consequence of the own nature of the

Chinese civilization, also shows, in the relative studies to the social phenomena. It is due with effect to Chinese, admirable erudition works, that is, of concrete sociology.

Confucius was dedicate to the historical works, when having made a

compilation of the intellectual works of China, registering a history of the kingdom of Lu. However the continuity feeling, preponderant in Imperial China, and until today, it explains sufficiently this it activates concern of the historical studies, in the same way that the spirit truly positive, and turned off of supernatural faiths, he guarantees the accuracy spirit perfectly, of it meticulous criticizes and patient, that characterizes the main works of erudition of the Chinese wise; the fables and the digressions, always emanate of the it disturbing influences of the Buddhists and of the Tao-sses.

The wise persons of the Confucius Scholl, marched patient and exact, for this trail of historical studies; and your works turned not only on China, but also on all the adjacent populations; in relation to the commerce and the politics. It is in this fecundate Chinese historians' granary that has an abundant source, where we can remove positive and serious notions about the history and the geography of the Tartars populations. It flees to the mark of this work, to intend to do a summary of the erudition works, with reference to China; but we should leave registered, one of the works more erudites from Old China, as being of Ssema-thsian, known as the Father of the History, Herodoto of China. He was born in Louung-men, province of Chen-si, in the year of 165 B.C., under to dynasties of Han of the East; that is, under the great reparative dynasty, that she having taken advantage of the results of the energetic impulse of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, it retook the development of the Chinese civilization, following the spirit of your true antecedents.

The father of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, that it was historiographer of the

China Cut, he taught your son to write the history of the Chinese people, and it educated him so that he came to become worthy of a distinction.

" Thsin-chi-hoang-you, was it entrusted of driving a military expedition, what did he lead to the provinces of Yuan and of Sse-tchoun (today--------?) was it during of this trip, that he knew that Ssema-thsian, your father, was very sick. It didn't waste time in coming back, near the father, but it only arrived, to receive your last sighs. Even in the bed of the death, Ssema-thsian, conserved the feelings of the duties; and the trip that your son has just done, still interested him, as father, and as historian. He did with that your san talk in full detail your trip, and after having heard him, it drove him a speech, that of Thsin-chi-hoang-ti, it registered :

The great historian took my hands among yours, he said him, and with tears in the eyes, he spoke like this to me: Our ancestors, since the time of the third dynasty, constantly they were illustrated in the Academy of History. Would the min that would be reserved to see to finish this honorable succession be? If you happen me, my son, keep our ancestors' writings. The emperor whose glorious reign if it extends for every China, it had ordered me, that I attended the solemn ceremonies, that he had practiced on the Sacred Mountain, I cannot put to your orders. To accomplish these orders, you will be without a doubt call. Remember your desires then. The filial piety is shown firstly in the duties that come true, to the parents, in the services that are rendered to the prince; finally in the care, that is taken in your own glory. It is the heap of the piety to your father and your mother, because you should increase gloriously , a name turned celebrated " (Abel of Rémusat, New Miscellany Asian, Vol. II)

Thsin-chi-hoang-ti executed what your father had indicated him. He became historian, historiographer titular and finally responsible for the censorship, as censor. He had the double function of to narrate the past and to advise the present. He filled out your censor functions, in circumstances truly difficult, and with a heroism that honors him. Your historical works, are immense, exact or just, conscientious and guided by a wise and cleared it criticizes. Your work is an admirable erudition monument.

Your work entitled " Historical Memoirs” divided her in 130 books,

subdivided in 5 parts. The first part embracing 12 books, it contains under the name of Imperial Chronicle, everything that is relative to the Empire, considered in your conjoint - The Second part, composed of 10 books it is formed of historical pictures and of pictures synoptic. The third part in 8 books, it is designated by the title of Pa-chou, or the eight branches of the science. The author treats the content of the rites, to the music, to the tones considered as types of the length measures, the division of the time, the religious ceremonies, the astronomy, to the rivers, to the channels, and to the weights and measures.

Ssema-thsian, treats in separate other so many dissertations of all the variations, that it has been trying these several objects, during the 22 centuries, that it is inclusion of your work. The Fourth part formed of 30 books, it contains the genealogical history of all the families that possessed some territory, from the great vassals of the dynasty of Zhou, to the simple ministers of the dynasty of Han. - Finally Thursday and last part, composed of 70 books the memory is consecrated about the foreign geography, and to biography goods more or less extensive, and on all the men that conquered, a name in the several branches of the science or of the administration. (Abel of Rémusat, Miscellany New Asian Takes II)

The Lettereds from China, wrote a big one number of encyclopedias, some general ones and other special ones. There are them, relative the several professions, to the work of the porcelain, to the of the bugs of the silk, the agriculture, etc. and etc.. The them relative to several administrations, the surveillance of the public saddler, to the works of direction of the rivers, etc.. One of the most eminent Chinese encyclopedias is the of Ma-touan-lin. Ma-touan-lin was born in the province of Kiang-si (Jiangxi?) or (Guangxi?), in the middle of the century XIII d. C.; did he have as master the celebrated commender Tchou-hi, of who we did already speak. The fall of the dynasty of Song in 1279 B. C. and the conquest of Mongoes; it did with that Tchou-hi, is been devoted entirely to your erudition works; renouncing the administrative career. It consecrated 20 years to finish your immense work, under the name of the Research of the Old Monuments, that constitutes your great glory title.

It is registered like this that studies Concrete, Special, Precise and Certain, but with absence of the Science, they were developed, until the year of 1840 A.C. / 1919 A.C., or more recent; that always consists of the discovery of the Abstract Natural Laws of the phenomena; and this essential character, that results of the spirit or fundamental intelligence of the Chinese civilization; it cannot be sensibly modified, nor for the abstract and metaphysical digressions of Tao-sse and of the Buddhists, nor so a little for the introduction of the several elements of the abstract science, that came and they come from the Hindus, of the Muslims and of the Christians; and much less today for Economical Globalization It is that only the Positivist Doctrine, demonstrates, based on the dogmatic coordination of the several abstract sciences, from the mathematics to the morals, that it will be able to with certainty to determine a gradual transformation, at the same time deep, regular and peaceful, in this fetishist grandiose Chinese civilization. To only treat the change on the material side, only by material marketing, won't give satisfactory result; it will only happen more internal conflict, because the subject has to be treated, mainly for the scientific focus of the Operation of Abstraction and maintaining the Moral side spread by Confucius; because it was from Confucius philosophy, that happened the Unit of the Chinese people.

3) The relationships of the Occident, with China.

A) Middles of the Century XIX 3.1A) Preliminary Considerations about the General situation of the Occident, in itself, and with the remaining of the Planet, in the beginning of the Second half of the Century XIX (1860 A.C.) 3.2A) Summary Exam of the Relationships of the Occident with China and of the state of these relationships, in the middles of the Century XIX. (1860 A.C.) 3.3A) Of the general beginnings, according to the ones which, have been regulate the relationships of the Occident with China, in the middles of the Century XIX. (1860 A.C.)

We will analyze the here sub items (3.1; 3.2 and 3.3), indicated above, with relationship a Century XIX, in what plays to the item A; and for the items B, C, D and it is, they will be for they be analyzed, together with the Scientists of THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ACADEMY OF CHINA, taking into account, for each one of the items B, C. D and it is, and the sub suitable items in 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, changing your times; this will happen, since it is of the pleasure of this Grandiose Scientific Academy of Sociology and of Morals of Our Humanity.

B) Of the Middles of the Century XIX up to 1919 (3.1B, 3.2B and 3.3B)

C) Of 1919 up to 1949 (3.1C, 3.2C and 3.3C)

D) of 1949 up to 1979 (3.1D, 3.2D and 3.3D)

E) of 1979 to the days today, 2004 (3.1E, 3.2E and 3.3E)

A) Middles of the Century XIX 3.1A) Preliminary Considerations about the General situation of the Occident, in itself, and with the remaining of the Planet, in the beginning of the Second half of the Century XIX (1860 A.C.)

After we having appreciated the Chinese civilization, and to the we consider successively your essential elements, in your evolution; and finally your principal philosophical types, there is need to show the theoretical importance, of the execution of this work; because China, always demonstrated until the middle of the century XIX, a type of historical mystery, directly inaccessible the explanations of all the theories,

theological-metaphysics, that existed in the century XIX, in the Occident; and only after the deep Positivist conception about the fetishism, origin spontaneous of the human intelligence, that it supplied the starting up point, of a theory truly scientific, on this subject. However, there are many documents, owed to a patient sagacious erudition, and some interesting ones and for times profound, that were produced; but they didn't demonstrate a true theory, of the conjoint of the Chinese Civilization, for such behavior. And the same happened with Chinese in relation to the European barbarians.

It is lamentable to know of a man that thought largely on this subject, Mr. Abel Rémusat, that with certainty, it was dipped of the Hindu philosophy, thinking that were types of the Chinese civilization; finally Mr. Abel Rémusat, in spite of the ingenious mental creations and sometimes elaborating deep interpretations, to try to explain the intellectual behavior of the reasoning fetishism Chinese, he ignored that the fundamental intelligence of the Chinese people, predominant in that time, and that he so much had studied; he didn't take him to have faith and same to understand, that was for the real adoration of the Sky; or better for the understanding of the natural laws emanated by the stars, that it was and it is mental base of Chinese people long evolution. –( Law of the Intellectual Evolution or Law of Three Mental States – Seventh Natural Law of the Supreme Fatality, noticed for Auguste Comte). They are 15 Natural Laws of the Supreme Fatality, common the Seven Positive Sciences; Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Sociology and Moral

There is not doubt that this great historical problem could only be solved, with the coming of the Positive Philosophy, of Auguste Comte, through mainly of the Law of Three States or Law of the Evolution of the Intelligence. Law of the Intellectual Evolution or Law of Three Mental States.

" Each understanding presents the succession of the three states - Fictitious (Fetishism and Theological), Abstract or Metaphysician and Positive or Scientific - relatively to any conceptions, with proportional speed to the generality of the corresponding phenomena” . Auguste Comte

But in spite of the unanswerable philosophical importance of

this theory, it is occupation that of her, she make to elapse consequences, of the highest usefulness, making her to serve from base to the institution of a systematic politics, that comes to drive the relationships more and more narrow, from Occident with the China; so that these relationships are useful, at the same time to these two great social groups ; instead of they be so largely disturbing, for an and for other, as became more and more evident, in this time.

They are the beginnings of a certain politics, deduced of the double study of the evolution of the Western civilization and of the evolution of the Chinese civilization, that we will develop quickly, to suggest something that already have been make more than 150 years ; on the side of a peaceful strategy; with objective to be this the result practical preliminary of our study. That it would be complemented, if THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ACADEMY OF CHINA, find for well, to support materially, my person - Paulo Augusto Antunes Lacaz to do part of a work group, with the Chinese Scientists, for a certain period; aiming at to trace the alternatives, of the current greatness of the development of the Progress and of the Order, today effective; for the good of China, of Brazil and of Planet Earth's other Nations. It is utopian, but it is not chimerical.

Before undertaking the exhibition of this politics, it is necessary

summarily to consider the situation, as it was the Occident, in the middles of the century XIX, with relationship to the rest of the Planet and especially with reference to China.

The first unanswerable fact of this time, is the big revolutionary situation of the Occident; that is, that in him existed and exist, the absence of a managing doctrine; denial of the antecedents, projection of the future without concern with the past; and an always growing and full intellectual anarchy; lacked and still lack the unit of opinion, base of every durable society. The Occident of this time was placed more every day in a deeply unstable situation. To prove these conclusions, it is how many wars only verify they already appeared in Europe after 1860.

The second fact of great importance the this situation, was the

crescent development of an industrial activity, more and more preponderant; characterized by the initiative spirit, that existed and much stiller today exists, without could make to regulate, due to absence of the doctrinal unit , that is, the unit of opinion.

There is need of we appreciate the historical origin of these

two essential facts, before continuing in the analysis of the consequences, as the relationships of the Occident of the century XIX with relationship the other parts of the Planet.

The Medium Age starting from the century XIV, in the Occident, gave to the Modern Era, that it was fascinated, a free social mass, without breed, and necessarily peaceful and industrial. It resulted the deepest and favorable situation then, so that it happened a development, always growing, about the impulse of your own weight, caused by the scientific activity, aesthetics and industrial.

The situation that Augusto Comte appeared as source of the free evolution, own the Greek civilization; it became thanks to the workers' liberation, accomplished in the Age Medium, common the numerous populations of the European Occident. The activity necessarily peaceful of the social mass, the well-being and the independence, that it had created, in a vast scale the emancipation that provided the absence of the breed spirit, and the mental oppression of the theocracy, they became at once, the source of an activity truly fantastic; of an initiative spirit entirely without example, that increased every day the obtained results; and that limited, less and less, the impotence of the theological doctrine, that had prevailed during the Medium Age.

This movement exclusively own to the western populations, it was the result of an entire series of events, from of the Greeks and mainly Roman, and finally Catholic and feudal. It was the situation as soon as it was produced that defined above, in this space of the work; of an immense population that constantly given to an activity growing and less and less disciplined - this group, composed of five different great populations, France, in the center, Italy and Spain to the middle, England and Germany to the north, it was designated as the group of the Christianity.

There was opportunity to substitute for the occidentality denominations, of western people, the denominations evidently inappropriate of Christianity and of Christian people. In first place these anachronic designations are lacks of precision, because they included Russia and the Orient Christians; evidently strange the such group. On another side, they indicated as only it influences, in the establishment of the western civilization, the Christian, that was not own and certainly the her preponderant influences; finally they tend to maintain a resentful dualism between the five scientific developed populations and the rest of the planet. Already in this time, there was philosophical urgency and of social usefulness, in substituting Christianity definitively for occidentality, later Occidental Europe; and finally including more countries arrived the European Union today already, much more solidly structured, but unhappily only after two great world conflicts. Before November of 1993, the European Union was called European Community. CE was formed starting from three independent organizations: the Economical Community of the Coal and of the Steel (ECCS), maid in 1951, the European

Economical Community (EEC, also call of Common Market European) and the European Commission of Atomic Energy (Euratom), both founded in 1957. The three institutions were unified in 1967, creating CE, whose thirst was in Brussels, Belgium. But this proposition of Unification of Europe was proposed by Augusto Comte, as it Republishes Western, in the middles of the century XIX; proposing an only coin - with sphinx of Great Carlos; and an it forces soldierly only to police the tyrannical dictatorial actions and to pacify the conflicts among nations.

These turbulent spirits, known today as capitalist entrepreneurs, placed in a such middle, they impelled your enterprises, in all the directions. They appeared then, energetic individualities, developing in the industry and in the trade - commerce, powerful activity, mainly of competition, waking up and sharpening the human selfishness, to the fight point and exploration. This incandescent focus made to create necessarily, under the agreement impulse, of the scientific spirit and of the industrial techniques - technologies - in the military habits, and with religious support of the

theological faiths, they develop active relationships with other Nations of the Earth Planet. The establishment of these relationships, in the vastest scale, was at the same time inevitable and indispensable.

This own and favorable situation the individual initiative and to the scientific and technological development, it explains because the relationships, every time larger, and more and more active, they did if it develops between the Occident and the other parts of the World; starting from the end of the Medium Age and mainly after the middle of the century XV, with the discovery of new marine roads. In this time, we truly appreciated an activity of circulation unheard. The Planet was really discovered and traveled in all the directions; the great navigation improves; the geographical knowledge already acquired, they compete for a new development.

We appreciated a fundamental fact then; it is necessary to

accept it as an inevitable result of the antecedents; it went this to a good, or it went to an evil; it was impossible that happened in another way. But if these relationships were inevitable, they were also fundamentally indispensable to the preparation, as to the establishment, of an Universal Doctrine, that the regenerate " Occident " finally should build.

The final term of the evolution, own the Humanity's scientific cream in that time, would be to create or to found an Universal Doctrine; to discipline without exploring all the terrestrial civilizations. In this sense it was done in the Occident a great attempt, with the Catholicism; and puts that had he totally miscarried, with relationship at your final time, nor for that it was less necessary, to establish the problem and same to prepare your solution. The mission of founding an universal doctrine, necessarily belonged to the Occident, because for that it was made necessary a military civilization, in the middle of the which, if it could really develop the abstract science. Only the abstract science, discovering the laws general, and at the same time real and own to the several orders of different phenomena, it could serve as dogmatic base for the doctrine susceptible of becoming truly universal; because a science reveals the fundamental order, that it dominates the human existence, at the same time individual and collective. That completes development of the abstraction, it is especially with effect own, as it established Augusto Comte, to the populations essentially military of the Occident; but, on another side, this preponderant military activity, was indispensable, to allow the establishment of a definitive Doctrine, as the only that can give initiative habits and of personal independence. We can summarize like this, that the base of an Universal Doctrine, it could not be emanated of the Occident, with the vanguard of the Humanity's evolution; and it really emanated of the Occident, for Auguste

Comte's great construction, that gave him it finishes off final and essential of all the previous evolution, with the Positivist Doctrine or the Humanity Doctrine; contact the didactic summarized, in the site www.geocities.com/doutrinapositivista. Auguste Comte wrote more than 15.000 paginate without any mistake or correction or to turn off, in the manuscript. Show me other brain, equal to this. The manuscript is at Augusto Comte's House, in Paris. France nothing else knows about the work in the original, of your son. The current French text and didactic books of the century XX and XXI, only register mistakes, so much of the life, as of Auguste Comte's work.

In this time, of the middles of the century XIX, the relationships of the occident with other nations of Earth Planet, were indispensable; first, for the establishment of the changes seeking the commercial expansion and of the industrial future; and finally for the convenient diffusion of an Universal Doctrine, that was already tested and it didn't give certain with the Communism; and now with the capitalist chaotic suggestion democratic; and hereafter with the suggestion of Societocracy.

Planet Earth's knowledge, not only theoretical, as it emanates of the astronomy - the fetishism; but also practical, just as it results of an investigation activity - scientific - it was necessary for foundation of the definitive Faith, determining the Exact See, of the several populations, that were necessary interconnect. For that middle, it can truly be conceived a politics terrestrial, in way to avoid the closeness of the national point of view, and the indefinite will of the theological conceptions. The Scientific Faith, has from of then, for objective and sufficiently general, to constitute a terrestrial unit, finally eliminating all supernatural concern, as well as all empiric restriction; and acquired the whole possible extension, without leaving of the limits of the systematic reality. Like this the practical knowledge, of our Planet, completing the knowledge due to astronomy, it contributes to the formation of Positivist Doctrine's conception, determining the precise objective, on which, it is exercised your action.

The real and large knowledge of the several populations with your owed ethnicism, dispersed on the Planet Earth it was necessary in another way the foundation of a definitive Faith; that is, a Faith in the Social, disentangling her of the absolute point of view, for the shows of those multiple social evolutions, and making definitively to point out the impotence manifested by the theologism, for the foundation of the Universal Doctrine or it Positivist Doctrine; because the two great monotheism, Islamic and Catholic, only that have condition of power they be applicants to the Universal Doctrine, they were not able to and they won't be able to when they reach in your

periods of full peak, to reach not, to a low portion of the human species intellectually scientific.

Finally, only the knowledge of these several civilizations, it

could give a decisive verification of the Sociological Natural Laws, allowing to verify in the course of time, the behavior of the several phenomena, and your variations in the space; indicating the Law that governs the behavior of those phenomena, for the preponderant consideration of the homogeneous series, of the several phases of the Western civilization.

In this way for several titles, the relationships active of the Occident, with the other parts of the Planet, in the century XIX, were indispensable the foundation of the definitive faith, that unhappily it is not still consolidated, for lack of propagation means, that only appeared, now in 2004, with Internet.

It was necessary the previous knowledge of Planet Earth's

several populations to know the general plan of the propagation, of the Emanated Doctrine of the Western Group, as he/she had chance the communism, an inadequate doctrine to the human Being.

The relationships that developed during the 5 centuries until the century XIX of the revolutionary era, were because as indispensable as inevitable. But these relationships felt the anarchical character of the era in that saw to appear them and to developed. A proselytism, empirically blind, he wanted to extend to the rest of the Planet, a Faith, that extinguished gradually, in your principal focus. Such attempts, a lot of due times to honorable feelings, in spite of the intellectual closeness, that it served them of base, they coincided with an oppression and a growing exploration; and this oppression, being quite favored for the growing anarchy of the populations or impotence of the old doctrines; and absence of a Faith; they left the free field, to the personal impulses, that is, to the maximization of the selfishness.

The first duty of the Positive Faith, is evident that it will be, of

here forward, to regulate these relationships, that are abandoned until today, being more despicable, for the immoderate ambition of wealth; that is, of greed.

Before exposing the beginning of this politics, that have been propose and it accepts in the middles of the century XIX, on everything to the that is concerned China; firstly we should recollect how these relationships, that existed before were and during the middles of the Century XIX.

3.2A) The summary Exam of the Relationships of the Occident with China and of the state of these relationships, in the middles of the Century XIX. (1860 A.C.)

The Greeks and the Romans of the antique, didn't have of

China, or else a very confused knowledge; your relationships with her, were not in every case, or else insinuations. The same happened in the period of the Medium Age, in that mainly the Muslims served as middlemen between the Occident and Asia or Far East; and the middlemen had, in both cases, intention in hiding, your communication means, with these distant countries.

However some direct communications, had room, and among them we can mention, celebrate them trips of Marco Polo. This trip was made in 1271 to 1295, in the period of the reign of Hou-pi-lie. What can register in this work of the trip of Marco Pole, extremely important, of the point of view of the geography of the Medium Age. A big one numbers of translations in Latin, they were done, on the original, writing probably in Venetian dialect. Puts that the description done by Marco Polo, of the immense Chinese empire, go at first stuffed of fables, giving place, the one that if suspected of the truthfulness, of this traveling notable - known in the Occident as Marco the Million; it was at least of a discharge importance. The memory of a great empire in Far East stayed, as an objective of reaching the active investigations of the Occident.

Starting from the century XVI, the relationships of the Occident with China, took a great impulse of development, with an extreme intensity, owed the activities of Christopher Columbus companies and Vasco of Gama, that acquired in a favorable situation to this respect , an activity always growing. The Westerners appeared then in China, in a passing way and accidentally; but they appeared much more as daring adventurers, thieves and cheaters high ambition level. This impression, it was marked by many centuries, and they were codified as " barbarians "; that was only compensated by the Jesuits' admirable mission; real glory of this eminent society, that constitutes the moral attempt, for the institution, of the relationships between the Occident and Planet Earth's other parts.

Besides this mission Jesuit it was due to social reasons, and not to impulses purely personal, as all the other companies; your execution was accomplished wisely with a spirit relative, minimizing the absolute spirit of the Christian theologism. The Jesuits thought, as they thought many European spirits, that the Christianity was the last expression of the human civilization, that for consequence, it was a duty to do with that all and any other populations of the Planet left from him.

The several Christian missions were accomplished under the

impulse of that true reason honorable, in himself, for more illusory, that roots the hope of the good success. But the Jesuits' mission, in China, it was accomplished with a special sagacity, and besides with a full devotement, that will always deserve the wise men's respect, and for that we will register summarily:

This great mission was instituted by priest Mattheus Ricci (Matteu Ricci), born in Macerata, in the border of Ancône, in Italy in 1552; and died on May 11, 1610 in China. Missionary Italian Jesuit, that provided to Chinese a first vision of the Occident and to the Europeans a detailed description of China. In 1597, Ricci was named director of the Jesuit activities in China, where it nailed the Gospel and he taught arts to the Chinese students. He translated Christian works for Chinese and he wrote books in that language.

Ricci, understood from of therefore, the need to act mainly on the bosses, and mainly on the Emperor. He renounced the Buddhist sacerdotal vestments(cassock), that firstly had used, and he did with that the Jesuits adored the habit of the Lettereds. Such conduct has been censuring, that was in the bottom quite judged, therefore that tried to approximate the Jesuits, of the corporation truly director of China; breaking so much as possible, all the solidarity, with that the Buddhist priests, more or less despised, for the intellectual head of the population. This conduct was necessary, due to great dogmatic likeness between the Catholicism and the Buddhism. Ricci instituted a wise person system of tolerance, to the ancestors' cult and the Sky, in the same way that for the cult of Confucius, that it constituted the fundamental base of the Chinese civilization, in this time.

He recommended at that time, that the western civilization

should spread and to teach the abstract scientific knowledge, whose development in China, was weak, and that it existed to this respect a deep gap, in this civilization.

This mission was spontaneously established, so much as it allowed him the short mental state of the Christian dogma, with the characters, that it suits it wisely every mission to institute: to respect and to appreciate the civilization that is necessary to modify the rendered services; filling out for a devoted and peaceful merchandising, the gaps that they are him own.

The mission instituted by Mattheus Ricci, developed during

the centuries XVII and XVIII, with the own characters of your foundation. The mission rendered real services to the Chinese civilization, transmitting geographical and astronomical knowledge,

through the missionaries; without though to determine, to this respect, a modification sufficiently deep, whose definitive institution, it could only come to belong hereafter to the Positivist Doctrine.

The Jesuits were always appreciated in China, while they

brought him the scientific knowledge of the Occident.

Emperor Kan-hi, for an experience gnomonica, instituted ingeniously, made to point out the superiority of the western science about the Chinese science. This way the Jesuits, they were put to the forehead of the mathematical tribunal; we can see like this himself, that China, was not quite refractory to a true merchandise of the western science; since this knew how conveniently to appreciate and to respect the civilization of the Celestial Empire.

The Jesuits' mission became separated in two successive

periods, the first of the Century XVII and the second in the Century XVIII, the one that was able to her summarily to designate on the name of Italian and French period, respectively. The first is characterized by the foundation of the mission, under Mattheus Ricci's impulse; and the second was honored above all, for great works of erudition of Priest Gaubil, that was your more eminent representative.

Besides the services rendered China, the Jesuits rendered to

the Occident the important service of doing to know the great Chinese civilization, for immense erudition works, that will always be, the base on the one which, the new investigations will rest.

On another side, the Jesuits had, to this respect, the invaluable

advantage of passing all your life, in the middle of the population that they studied. Like this, they avoided those superficial appreciations a lot of times calumnious and always ridiculous, for the which, the travelers intended to judge hurriedly, a civilization; of the which they could not appreciate at once, except the inconveniences.

We owed Priest Gaubil, a history of the Chinese astronomy,

that only him for a rare combination of deep astronomical knowledge and of a summon knowledge of Chinese, it could have accomplished. It is due to him a translation of Chou-king, the oldest and more sacred book of China; whose knowledge is for own Chinese stuffed of difficulties.

" The style with that it is written Chou-king, Mr. Abel Rémusat says, it is resented of the time, in that the book was composed; your excessive laconism, the choice of the words that it are used, the illustration species that in him, it is, they do with that any other

Chinese book, it can be compared in difficulties, and that it can be, in state of reading all the other, same the one of Confucius, without understanding only one word of this. It is of some luck, another language, that differs more of modern Chinese, that this of any other language ".

Priest Gaubil, composed a big one number of other works, all

different ones, for erudition at the same time deep and it holds. Priest Gaubil, was a correspondent to China in 1723, and there

it died on June 24, 1759. Besides your erudition works and your special functions of missionary, priest Gaubil, Priest Parenin happened, as director of the School in that the youths of Manchuria, came to study Latin, for they be used, in commercial activities, in businesses with the Russians. It was besides, interpret for Latin and for the Tartar.

Many other missionaries Jesuits knew how to combine the duties of your special mission, with great erudition works and important public functions; filled out util with great advantage of the population that they wanted to convert.

It grew like this for two centuries, an useful mission, at the

same time for China and for the Occident.

For more wise person and respectable that it has been, the system of tolerance, to the cult Confucius and of your ancestors, it was unfriendly however the dogmatic closeness of the Catholicism, that the Jesuits had known how to surpass, for noble political instinct. The Abbot Boileau, crying out concerning this mission system, he said: " My Christian understanding, was disturbed ", he translates ingenuously the incompatibility of the relative spirit (intelligence) and of your wise tolerance, with the absolute dogmatism, own to the Christian monotheism. Also the papacy, under the excitement continues of the Dominican priests, faithful to the spirit of your dogma, finally it condemned the system of tolerance, introduced by the Jesuits, and that it could only allow, not the chimerical conversion of China to the Catholicism, but at least your admission together the Buddhism.

Nor for that, this great mission of the Jesuits, stops constituting the only honest and serious attempt, until today, to modify the Chinese civilization, in the intellectual field, that took them for the scientific and technological intellectual reasonings.

In this time, of the middles of the century XIX, it could be affirmed that in the Occident no other mission would surpass

certainly, of the mental point of view, leaning in a relative and more real doctrine; it would surpass the honesty, the devotement and the strict modesty, of these respectable religious persons Jesuits. It was recognition duty, to give such deserved testimony of respect, the this noble mission, true glory title, of the celebrated campaign that instituted it.

Starting from the century XVIII, the commercial relationships

of the Occident with China acquired more extension and importance; but at the same time, the dispositions of the Westerners, in considering China, as mine to be explored, without other limits, that they don't root the results of unbeatable need, they also increased. It was gotten to not to believe the any species of moral obligation, to this population: to use only the preponderance of the rude force; and the Occident boasted above all, against the populations that had already arrived to the industrial and peaceful stage, using your enormous superiority of your destruction means. Such dispositions showed above all in the shameful war of the opium of 1842.

An expedition that participated in this violence, where a population was poisoned, for a Western government; it is not just dishonor for the aristocracy and the English bourgeoisie, that it instituted her, but also for the whole Occident, that took communion quiet and he didn't protest enough, nor he reacted against the such immoral abuse of this rude force.

In spite of the vague economical beginnings, on the industrial

freedom, it was right to be to owe of every government, to impede a culture and a trade as the one of the opium. It was acting like this, that the Occident could have shown to Asia the superiority of your civilization, instead of presenting a show of the public force to the service of the ambition of the money, totally unruly and without moderation.

Like this the commercial relationships of the Occident with China took a character every day more anarchical, above all for the protection of the public opinion. These relationships could have had improvements if they received from foreign government , a treatment without abuse, instead of they let to take your impulses, with support of a public opinion, that unhappily favors in a lot the alienations. Because, on the preponderance above all of the progressive school, it was gotten in the Occident to systematize the oppression and the exploration of the other Nations of the Planet, under the excuse of deceiving a civilization.

It was formed in this time, of the middle of the century XIX, in relation to China, due to intensification of the commercial activities of

the Occident with her, a conjoint of opinions, that is here necessary to be registered. These opinions were summarized, in a feeling, proud of the preponderance of the Western civilization, with a blind contempt to all the other any civilizations. Then it resulted the disposition to do to prevail, for every part, and above all for the force, under the vague name of progress, the mental anarchy and the unruly industrialism, that prevailed and it still prevails, more and more in the Occident. We will register to this respect two citations why they emanate of certain and honest feeling. This citations showed in that aberration degree can lead this it vacates notion now for before, so dangerous of the progress; that in the bottom, it is not more than except the systematic glorification of a anarchical industrialism.

In an interesting work about Buddhism, Mr. Barthelemy Saint-Hilaire, summarizes a Chinese pilgrim's opinion, on India and he speaks soon after, of some appreciations that are him personal:

" The Chinese pilgrim, Hiouen-Thsang, that lived in the century VII A.C., it indicates in some

lines, the distinction of the breeds, and he doesn't stop as ordinarily it is done, except the four principal, because it would be very long to do to know the other ones in detail. It analyzes the laws of the marriage deeply among Hindus, and he is plenty careful of accentuating the horror, that they have with the woman's second nuptialses. Since the woman already married once, she is /her expressly forbidden, until the end of the life, to have second husband. It is known that this law sanctioned by inflexible use, it was perpetuated until this moment (century VII A.C.); and still recently (century XIX); the English newspapers of India, gave us knowledge, as unusual fact, and as great victory of the civilization, about inveterate prejudices, that young widow Hindu, has just gotten married, in second nuptialses. That is a fabulous progress, that the English authorities obtained after great efforts, and that they are so proud, in the same way that you/they were for they have abolished it your atrocious habits of Suttios " (Barthelemy of Saint-Hilarie, Buddha and your Religion, paginates 257)

Here is a habit that all the wise men, of every time there was

with pleasure to respect.

It was honored at all the countries the widowhood state, as a more perfect state, that the one of second nuptialses; it was always created there to be any thing of worthy, in this fidelity to the death. The Westerners arrive in India, and they verify for your way of interfering, that the largest of all the progresses was to get to destroy, a honorable use, that for several aspects should be respected. It is truly an example characteristic, of this singular petulance of the western spirit; to extol as progress the violation of a moral rule, that it was necessary to expand instead of restricting, mainly for being this rule or norm or law that was not accordingly the anarchical state in that was the western civilization in the century XIX, and same today in the Century XXI.

A Protestant minister, reverend Guilherme C. Milne published in the middle of the century XIX, in 1858, an interesting work on China - the Real Life in China ", where we can find (it paginate 509) the most benevolent intentions, in relation to a people, that he studied deeply and closely; it summarized in some words, why the way

conceives with that the Occident could instruct China scientifically. And because not China to come to civilize the rest of the world, with your wisdom - Altruism and with your absorption of sciences, including the sciences sociology and moral positives and yours respectives technologies, without war; but being respected for many barbaric peoples, but being armed modernly.

" In case one can conceive some hope, in happy changes, it should not base about an agitation, more or less organized, but on the fact that a thought begins to circulate in the people - public opinion. New ideas were infiltrated in the popular spirit. From the establishment of the free relationships with the foreigners in 1842, " the men's driver” was shown to China. The confidence spirit, in himself, so common in the last insurrections, began to take in the people, a higher tone. Similar agitations, as the storms and the hurricanes, purify the atmosphere. Such serious commotions of the nature excite the thought and the temptations; they teach to the people to act for himself, to destroy the fossil crumbs of the preconceptions, of the bigotry and of the superstition. Each disturbance in the Nation reveals the work of this vast laboratory, where they get ready the new and unexpected results. We cannot impede ourselves of believing, that all the moral oscillation of the of China Nation will get to produce some thing of good. It is like this, that all our globe, after the terrible convulsions of the nature, they have swept the surface, finishing showing a form that the own Creative sovereign was deigned to find satisfactory ".

In first place, let us notice of passage, as it is singular, to hear a minister of a Christian religion, to speak of superstition and of bigotry, in if treating of a completely loosened civilization of supernatural faiths, as it is the Chinese civilization, until today.

But in reality, which were the objectives that the Westerners

wanted to transmit and to transport for China, in this time of the Century XIX ?

It was, the same that the one today, in a more barbaric way; that is, a state of complete anarchy, that expected a regeneration to appear, that doesn't notice nor the spirit, nor the conditions, nor the nature. This was so much more characteristic, that this deplorable revolutionary language, confused and intelligible, that emanated of a man's order, that was minister of a the peaceful religion, that doesn't translate better or else involuntarily this disposition, more and more preponderant of the Occident, to consider all this it vacates agitation, as being a progress.

Like this in summary, the Occident developed with China

indispensable commercial relationships, but it took for her a disposition, truly anarchical and oppressive, for the continuous call of the Public Opinion, kindred of favoring; instead of restricting, the most condemnable excesses of the avidity for the greed of the money and or of material goods.

As those that really wanted the scientific and technological improvements of China, for your contacts with the Occident, unhappily only brought prejudices, the more ridicules in the appreciation of a civilization, that they ignored completely; and they don't become pregnant in the bottom, or else uncertain anarchy, as

condition of civilization of the immense Asian empire; very understood, with honorable exceptions to a such general appreciation, emanated above all of skilled sinologist, devoted to the state of this great civilization. After marked them general considerations of Abel Rémusat, we can mention, the interesting works of Mr. G. Pauthier and d´Hervey Saint-Denis; it is due to this last one a very judicious appreciation of the Chinese subject, for the focus of your time. Consult your booklet, entitled: China Before Europe.

They apply until today the vague notion of Progress, from now

on the most common synonym of anarchy, that more and more becomes, a type of it formulates banal, with which they were justified and they are justified until today, for economical and psychological attempts, generating of the most absurd contribution for the Order.

In this time, in 1860, Pierre Laffitte, direct disciple of Auguste Comte, preached that if it established the most rational and moral beginnings, to regulate or to discipline the spontaneous appeared relationships of the disordered activities of the Occident, not only to China, but to relationship the any Nation of the Earth Planet to each other; to decelerate the noises or to avoid the futures conflicts that delineated to appear, if it stayed these types of behaviors of anarchical progress and retrograde order; as it is happening nowadays, having as command the USA, and not more the European countries.

3.3A) Of the general beginnings, according to the ones which, have been regulate the relationships of the Occident with China, in the middles of the Century XIX. (1860 A.C.)

Already in this time of the middle of the Century XIX, the

concerns appeared due to these social and moral aberrations, and they appeared social intellectuals, like Pierre Laffitte, indicating in brief way which it were the fundamental beginnings, according to the ones which, the relationships should be regulated between the Occident and the rest of the Planet; and the one that according to Pierre Laffitte, it should precise the application these considerations to the special case of CHINA; in that time. The Positivism was always beside the Morals Conditions of the Chinese People.

The past developed in the occident, the human forces under all your several aspects. This long and laborious preparation is of to very finished. The normal state should regulate the forces that the past developed. It was that guideline that institutes the Demonstrated Doctrine, that is, the Positivist Doctrine or Doctrine of Humanity . For

all the true ones regenerates, this regulation immediately should have begun, for all the several aspects of the private life. But in the social point of view, the most general relationships; that is, of a people to the other; having been the first ones that they were disturbed, they be initially the ruled, at least, in your group. These general relationships, disturbed from of the beginning of the century XIV, are those on the ones which, they are linked to the relationships extra's habits - Western, and at the same time, less intense and less numerous. It was in the regulation, that the Positivism was able to and it can show, at the beginning, your superiority; because only he, is able becoming pregnant to the concomitant shelter, of a defamation or of a systematic admiration, and because it comes finally to regulate them morally out of everything that is arbitrary, according to beginnings based on the own conjoint of our abstract knowledge.

The Positivist Doctrine or Doctrine of Humanity or it Universal Doctrine, that presents the utopian final solution of doing the personality to prevail subordinated to the Sociability; that is, the subordinate selfishness to the Altruism, in all the aspects, any that are our existence, where finally it is established the beginnings of this regimen; known like Sociocratic Regimen, for the normal state; and Societocratic for a phase would intermediate among the Democratic, that is metaphysical and Sociocratic that is fully scientific or positive.

We will examine firstly which were in the Occident, the forces

on that they could already have supported Positivism, to constitute a public opinion, that it would make to prevail the general beginnings of the Demonstrated Morals, against the disturbing forces that they favored in this time, of the Century XIX the revolutionary state.

The forces that Positivism would owe and he/she could have

call, to support, with your free opinion, with the prescriptions of the Demonstrated Morals, they would be and they are essentially the Altruistic Women, non feminists and the Unionized Proletarians, with Scientific Culture.

The Positivism, establishes in beginning, that the Morals is one; and that your prescriptions should be applied to all and any relationships, same the between the men and the animals, less rational, the one that of rest, the practical instinct made spontaneously to admit in the Occident. Two classes are naturally willing, out of all dogmatic conviction, by virtue of your nature and situation, to admit and to sanction that great beginning; they are the Women and the Proletarians. Because these two classes necessarily suffer of the disorder of the human forces; disorder that always flows, be of the theoretical ones, be of the practical ones, that for the only

reason of they constitute the head forces, they always tend necessarily to abuse. Even the character of all true force is to abuse.

The necessarily tend to support every moral regulation for a noble and pure disposition, that belongs your superiority Moral, natural; it is because by virtue of your best Altruistic, much more intrinsic nature than of your situation, that it are naturally tilted to sanction all the moral prescriptions. Like this in England, in the century XIX, where the relationships extra - Western or said Colonies, that received the most anarchical development, the English ladies gave total support of your opinion, in the abolition of the slavery of the blacks in yours colonies. This admirable example shows that can acquire of power, this nobleman spontaneous support of all Moral regulation. However it is good to remind that, the education is made by examples, that the Women in the democratic capitalism, to the they pass to compete with the man, they can inherit a lot of the mistakes and the man's defects.

Of the part of the Proletariat, the support will be less spontaneous and more systematic, because it sprouts or it flows mainly of the individuals' situation, that of your own natures. All the disturbances due to action of the occurrence of the social phenomena, it necessarily reacts and above all on the immense proletarian mass, that constitutes the own base of our societies. Therefore, one exists it summons solidarity among any regulation; and those that request the moral regulation, of the relationships between the patrons and the proletarian, not could sanction the anarchical domain of the forces of the relationships of the Occident, with the other Nations of the Planet Earth; and reciprocally those that aim at a profit and the avid for money or for material goods, added of pride and vanity, they sanction the oppressive domain of the Occident, and that will be because capable, of coming to request to your bosses, an administrative manifestation, to improve your social forces, of form of Power or Wealth, or both.

Because it is on these two great Classes that Positivism

comes to request, same out of all the dogmatic conviction, to sanction actively the prescriptions of the universal morals, in your relationships, the most general of the Humanity.

They are the Women and the Proletarians, guided by Positivist Doctrine's most irrecusable demonstrations, to form in the Occident a preponderant public opinion, that it puts a brake, to the disturbing forces, that they have been taking advantage of the revolutionary interregnum, to use the public opinion to the service of the selfishness, of greed private.

It is essentially in this way that we should continue gradually to elaborate an opinion current, that should modify the disturbing elements, emanated of the bourgeoisie, that they produce with a lot of frequency the disturbance and the oppression, of the other planetary populations. And that now in 2004, due to this globalization, it spread the bourgeoisie as epidemic, for all the songs of the world, generating a great curse.

But it is certain, that this opinion, finally should find an effective

support point, in the governments where she come to operate Republican Pronounceature, accompanied of a Republican Political Societocratic and Federative Constitution, without which won't be possible to govern, for the well social and moral of the People.

Due to this disordered action of the said populations moved forward scientifically, but of high degree of delay in what refers the Morals, that they rushed in direction to Asia, they tended and they tend to develop in the Occident, the anarchical notion of progress, that serves as premature justification, to all and any disturbance.

The notion of progress, doesn't represent more in the

Occident, if not a development without brake and without limits. It is treated so much today as yesterday, of to produce a lot and to consume still more; here is the essential critical point. If it appeared any modification; above all material and deeply disturbing, it is a justification soon; it is the progress!

The notion of progress, was always after the century XVIII, a

type of automatic and stupid justification, of the whole event, as long as it disturbs an existent situation.

If we want to conserve a state of existent things, in the science, in the industry and in the politics, we are considered retrograde; but if we want to disturb a certain order we are considered progressive. The growing preponderance of a such situation, becomes more and more dangerous. It is on behalf of such beginning, that the attempts of the most anarchical, in science, in morals and in politics, they are tried continually, or at least imagined.

In case an incompetent spirit, without filling out any analysis of

preliminary condition, come to attack the most unanswerable beginnings of the science, instead of the fair contempt that deserves such efforts; always emanated from an undisciplined vanity, habitually formed an alliance with a deep mental weakness; a more incompetent public applauds, on behalf of the progress.

That word, Progress, still constitutes today, a type of mystic explanation, that spares the whole reflection.

Past, Present and Future, everything is explained by that

wonderful word - Progress.

It was as soon as it was settled down a banal and so immoral as absurd dogmatism.

There is need to react to this state of moral improbity, that generates a dangerous notion, that tends to commit the existence of all and any Order. The Progress is not more than the development of the Order. The Moral progress is more important than the material and Intellectual Progress: such a they are these two great established beginnings for Auguste Comte; and according to the ones which the western intelligences, they should already have been finally mischievous to the normal situation, that tend more and more standing back. It is necessary to subordinate the progress to the order; and finally, to proclaim the supremacy of the moral progress: such a they are two of the essential conclusions, resultants of the immense mental elaboration, that characterizes Positivism; but the good universal sense will sanction, more and more these beginnings, whose systematic establishment will demand the most powerful meditations. The Women and the Proletarians will feel the deep danger of the progress, become pregnant independently of the order; the immense inconveniences of the supremacy of the material progress, on all the other ones.

It is also possible to wait, that the Western Governments, that they should absorb the maintenance of the Material Order, the most difficult in the middle of the growing mental and moral anarchy; and that will understand the solidarity that links the Material Order to the Moral Order. Early they will understand the danger that there is in developing, for a disturbing action on Asia; the disturbing notion of progress, own to the Occident. And even if goes truly useful the external intervention to the East or Asia, the demoralization that it resulted and it would result unanswerably, for the Westerners, they would make to happen the removal, limiting both sides, the simple commercial relationships, freely wanted by the two parts.

It would be necessary that the public opinion, it was conceived as having destined the regular and a lot of times to refrain, instead of blindly to favor the relationships of the Occident with the East or Asia, in the century XIX. It is in this sense that have been alter the opinions of the populations and of the governments.

It is necessary to notice that is mainly original of the bourgeoisie, that emanate these elements of disturbances; and mainly of the governments parliamentarist, that above all favor and they protect, a certain politics, defending organs of a certain class. It was also in England, in the century XIX that this foreign policy has been having a complete development. Thanks to this parliamentary regimen, a great part of the bourgeoisie, did and it does to serve a arrogant aristocracy, to favor and to drive military expeditions, with the objective of opening, by all possible means, commercial ways. This political system, that still today (2004) it is used by the Westerners, mainly for the USA, in the last case, with the War of Iraq - camouflaged as war against the terrorism; but actually it is war of sustenance of the Petroleum - drainage of the production of petroleum to guarantee the needs of the USA; he provokes the disorder of the industrial forces, besides impelling the demoralization of the proletariat, trying to tie him to a fruitful explosion of the rest of the planet. This politics always had the support of the journalism, that nothing else is, that necessary complement, of the parliamentary regimen. Already in the century XIX, was possible to notice that the most serious organs of the English journalism, it incited to the systematic massacre of the Hindus, when inventing the most monstrous slanders to reach such calamity; the same happens now, in 2003, with the lie of the President Bush of the USA and the First Minister of England, Mr. Tony Blair, regarding that Saddam Hussein's regimen, had arsenals of chemical and biological weapons; as well as you program Iraquian to develop nuclear weapons etc. this everything to justify your selfish actions, and to prepare the public opinion of the world, to be allied of the USA. The technique is old. However I am not in favor of the retrograde and tyrannical dictatorship of Mr. Saddam Hussein, that should be eliminated, but in a suave way .

Against the sanguinary manifestations, that they happened due to foreign policy of England in the century XIX, many admired protests they happened; but the conjoint of the western journalism, at that time, didn't protest at all, against such impeachable excesses. In the Iraq case, in 2003, all reconstruction will be financed by the IMF, and Iraq will be responsible for the payment of the reconstruction; dictated and imposed by the American Empire.

It is because on the public opinion, whose governments above all dictatorial tyrannical of the occident, or democratic of facade, that should find an energetic support point, to react, for knowledge and persuasion, against these governments' foreign policy, today represented by the Group of the 8 and led by the Imperialism of the USA.

With relationship China of the century XIX, was firstly need that the public opinion changed your point of view deeply. It was necessary that there was, to weigh of stupid prejudices, a respectable civilization whose existence conditions were necessary to know before trying to modify her. But why to modify her? Did she want to be modified? Was some made plebiscite? It was also finally necessary to recognize, that in this time the Occident should tend, him same, to leave of a revolutionary situation, to arrive truly to a situation normal, before trying to modify other civilizations; modifications that by virtue of your uncertain character, they were only able to and they can be disturbing, for the populations in that they acted, and demoralization, for who acts.

The Chinese civilization, in the century XIX grew gradually, in certain direction, during more than 4500 years, she presided the half of the human species, that she made to live conveniently, in a respect situation, that was a lot above lived her by the proletarians of the occident. This really organized civilization, solidly seated, about an admirable family constitution, she offered a show, where the superficial pride, revolutionary of the Occident, she could have fed of useful lessons. Placed in normal point of view, Chinese conceived that the whole social development should accept the continuity; and that the present, born of the past to prepare the future, first it should respect it and you honor it, instead of it curse it and it ignore it, in agreement with your ingratitude, so immoral, as absurd.

It fits here to remind that the Great Chinese Empire, in the

century XVIII, subordinated, the Tarts populations, linked them to a nucleus civilizer; China filled out like this, an evolutionary function, in better conditions that the Russian pretensions, of the time.

This great Chinese civilization, made to live in a peaceful regimen, in this time, more of the half of the human species there resided.

The English, J.F. Davis, old President of the Company of India

in China, in the century XIX, left registered your testimony, that during your trip in China, of this time, he didn't see except in Canton; where there was already influence of Westerners, the Portuguese brutes, or else many few examples of a misery, among the low classes; or of an extravagant luxury among the highest classes.

Mr. J.F. Davis, mentions that, a certain Chinese, Tien-Ki-chi,

manifested your pride, of having been born in China, and he said: " Surely, in the country whose the inhabitants express like this, never have been govern by terrible statesmen. Another more well-known

fact, is the popular maxim that Chinese frequently mentioned: " The Emperor and the subjects, that they violate the law, they are so guilty, an as the other ". Davis, complemented like this: The exception is characteristic, and he sees himself sharply the disastrous effects, until nowadays, of the European contacts”.

The Chinese civilization, of this time of the century XIX, without opposing to a renovating action, other true resistance would be except, the one that is resulted of a fair trust, against the form, really anarchical, that presented and it presents until today, the Western civilization.

In spite of the Occident to possess in itself, a development of the social forces that checks him definitively the supreme initiative; it is not less true, that your forces not regulated, they constitute a deep anarchical state, whose action on China would be necessarily fateful; as the actions will be demonstrated nowadays, for this Globalization, in that lived in the century XXI.

The suggestion was and it should still be, that the Occident solves firstly the problem of your normal organization; there, the leaders of the Chinese civilization, except they could not meditate, with more repulse, that with sympathy, an agitation more and more convulsive, and whose reaction could not be except disturbing. Mr. Davis, maintained a friendship with a Chinese, that one manifested to know Paris; when there it arrived he manifested enchantment for the modern scientific discoveries, as the picture, the galvanoplasty, the electricity circuit, and etc.. But he didn't envy at all, or else yhe resulted of the scientific positives activities; however the Moral side of the social group of the Europeans, was far away from impressing him favorably. He really recognized the superiority of the western intellectual initiatives, however he said:

" The eyes of your intelligence, are more penetrating, that ours,

but you look for so far, that doesn't look around you"

" You have a daring spirit, that should make to win you in a lot of things, but doesn't tend enough respect, for the that deserves to be respected. This perpetual agitation, (of your turbulent capitalism) in the which you live, this constant need of distraction, they indicate clearly that are not happy "

" In the middle of yours, it is been always as if it was in trip; in

our ambient, it is loved to rest. With relationship to your governments, I want to believe that they have good sides; but if they suited us so well, as it suits us ours, they would not so frequently change. I am

very certain, in finding at my country, the institutions that there I left, and I don't see one among you, that it only guarantees me for two years, the solidity of your government of today " - China before Europe, by the marquis d´Hervey Saint-Denis.

But what happened, it was that the Westerners transferred your scorns and it lacks of respect, for all the Chinese authorities; taking the structure of the western family, that was already in decomposition; where the fair respect, for the paternal power, it already had return an exception; conflicting with the pith of the Chinese civilization, that was strongly seated, about admirable constitution of organization of Family base. One conceived like this, the fair repulse, of this people against more intimate contacts with the Westerners; a more detailed analysis under the scientific point of view, and the most exact, owed and it should sanction, at the same time to proclaim on behalf of so much reason, as of the morals, the need to restrict, instead of expanding such contacts.

In case we could have regenerated the Occident, in the

Century XIX, he would have had condition of exercising, later, probably in this middles of the Century XX, something that came take an action peaceful, so salutary as profound, about this great civilization, that is the Chinese, to create the Normal State, of the human species, on the Planet Earth.

But due these abrupt changes happened in the centuries XX, I am sure that the action, will leave of China, and not more of the Occident, to educate with base in the altruism, the own occident and the rest world. I think like this should indicate the own gaps the this civilization, that the revolutions why China passed, that made to largely interrupt these gaps, as well as the gaps and wounds that they should be healed in the Western spirit, to constitute an evolution finally for the Humanity, in a peaceful and harmonic way.

In the case of China, in the century XIX, the main gap was of

the point of view mental or intellectual scientific, that is, the absence of the social institution of knowing for in practice, that is, operating by scientific abstraction. The concrete observation and the concrete science appeared and broadly they developed in China, but not the observation and the abstract science. Then the absence of enough generality and impossibility of a true mental systematization, in this period. The generality as the systematization, cannot result except of the Scientific Abstraction.

But the mental constitution of China, will supply as we already indicated, an admirable starting point, to do to admit for the intelligent guidelines, the vast abstract construction, glories of the Occident and

base of your final scientific supremacy. And this, it will only be able to happen because the coordination of the sciences, in your chain encyclopedic, finds your final goal, in the Positive Moral science, or Science of the Construction or Scientific Psychology, second Auguste Comte's incomparable systematization. Us the positivists, experts of this doctrine created by Auguste Comte, we admitted in the same way as the Chinese thinkers, that the morals should dominate at the same time, the theoretical evolution, as the evolution of the practical activity. But second this beginning, quickly we can understand, that in the theoretical point of view, as in the practical point of view, an effective constitution of the Moral; it demands a long abstract preparation precisely, that it goes for successive scale, from the mathematics to the morals. (mathematics, astronomy, physics, biology, Positive and Moral Sociology Positive).

Because the Natural Laws of the Moral Science, are the ones that they institute the government of the human individual nature, that can have your “parameters” for us to express the result of an action in a peaceful (altruistic) or warrior (selfish) ways. For now, the knowledge of the human nature, necessarily rests, to be truly deep, on the knowledge of the real laws of the several phenomena that you/they influence on it. How to know the Man without knowing the static and dynamic laws of the social phenomena; and those phenomena as you appreciate them without knowing the laws of the life, for the biology ; that depends for your time of the chemical phenomena; as those of the physical phenomena, that are processed under it influences it of the phenomena astronomical and finally mathematical.

But if the abstract knowledge of the laws of the several

different phenomena is indispensable to a healthy theory of the human nature, she is also your government's institution. Because the modificabilidade, depends so much as of the systematization of the knowledge of the Abstract Laws.

Like this, the intellectual constitution of the Chinese civilization, in spite of your immense scientific intellectual gap, presents though, an enough starting point so that the " Regenerate Occident” what is a difficult utopia, to leave of the own alteration in the Occident, to this respect, can in China to determine such salutary as deep modifications. This vision informs positivist it was the suitable solution proposed by Pierre Laffitte, in 1860; however the panorama changed so much due to the great world conflicts and inside of own China, that this China today, should be learning to heal this gap of the science, for the western imposition, road elaborates and trade, for the capitalism, that is highly selfish, is still in conditions of could teach to the Anarchical Occident the road of the subordination of the

personality to the sociability, so that this Occident, come to accept the subordination of the selfishness for the Altruism; because these altruistic feelings are rooted in the Chinese people and they collide violently until today with this globalization and this democratic capitalism, imposed by the Western Imperialism. Today (2004) in China less than 20% are capitalist. And are the 80% in the poverty or in the poverty? For where does the Social? For Positivism peaceful and scientific solution exists. It is utopian, but it is not chimerical.

In the point of view of the Family, the Occident has as the filial and paternal relationships, much more to learn that to teach. Even with whole the effort that the Russian communism, provoked in China, with the attempt of destroying the Chinese family structures. Accepting on this aspect, a constitution truly organic, the Westerners won't have except, that to systematize her. The matrimonial relationships, until the time of the Century XIX, due to the incomplete military development, own of China, that maintained them in an imperfect master's degree. But to this respect, and on behalf of the universal improvement, admitted by the school of Confucius, as the final goal of the human existence, she in doing a full monogamy thought to exist already; monogamy expanded until the eternal widowhood. Today the Chinese Woman is with a degree of freedom and responsibility at the level of in certain social classes, to come to compete with the man. This is already malign. Inheritance of the western anarchy. The universal respect that there was to the eternal widowhood, it could have facilitated such transformation.

Of the social point of view, Chinese arrived with larger fullness that the Occident, to the state truly normal - this to the we analyze the Chinese society, in the middles of the century XIX, that is, to the industrial and peaceful regimen, where we can verify that the military action was reduced the normal function of police.

But the division between Patrons and Proletarians, necessary

base to every industrial systematization, didn't grow in China, except in a way radically insufficient (XIX), above all for the agriculture, where it dominated or it dominates the small property; lucky that the normal constitution of the industrial and peaceful state can only appeared in the Orient.

On the other side, the absence of the abstract science, didn't allow China, the establishment of big you elaborate, during the century XIX and it leaves of the century XX; due to the employment of the machines; of such a luck that the scientific mental gap of the Chinese civilization, constituted a deep technological gap - material. of this period, that is, of the century XIX.

Still on this aspect of the industrial systematization, that necessarily repose on the division between Patrons and Proletarians; as well as the related employment of the machine, it could really only have appeared firstly in the occident, under the impulse of the science regenerate or abstract, arriving finally to the religious state. But this systematization, once appeared it could be gradativamente admitted in other civilization, that recognizes the fundamental beginning of the industrial and peaceful life. It is what it is happening now, in the centuries XX and XXI, in a retrograde and anarchical way. It is evident that the whole premature attempt of transporting for China, the western habits, of a vast concentration of capitals; and of an employment developed by the machines, it would not have another effect, except producing horrible disturbances.

See the Altruistic Attitude of Chinese; that is, which the Occident should have learned the more time. Don't destroy the mini-activity-family ones. This theory of the scale economy, will only bring competition for rich Patrons and the misfortune with the unemployment for the Proletarian poor.

" All the measures capable to contribute for the maintenance of

the order and of the general peacefulness they are taken, with a solicitude truly admirable. The truth is that it exists among Chinese, an indefatigable activity, that it assimilates them in a natural way, to the nations, the most scientific intellectually speaking, of the occident; it can be our strange plenty assertion, but we didn't believe absolutely to say, that for whatever enters in the industrial and very organized communities' communications; there is difference infinitely less among them and English, French and the Americans; of the one that these people and the inhabitants from Spain and Portugal. We will see with that art and with that elegance Chinese knew how to remove party of the forces of the several elements; they ignored it is true, the power of the vapor... the first idea that impresses an intelligent Chinese, is the one of the evils that could fall on your country; in case certain system, that he would consider the import, as true scourge, it came to be introduced unexpectedly” or deceivingly (Of China, by J. F. Davis)

Of rest the show of our occidental industrial anarchy, it cannot

seduce the Statesmen of China, to impel them to a premature and fatal introduction.

In summary, Pierre Laffitte already said, in 1860, let us respect this great and noble civilization. Let us understand finally that if she presents unanswerable scientific gaps, she cannot seek you fill out

them, or else, leaving of a deepened knowledge of the corresponding society. Your current state - Century XIX, result of all your past, it should be taken as a starting point, of a systematic and gradual modification.

For suggestion of Positivist Pierre Laffitte, in that time,

indicating that the own occident, should leave your state of anarchy, being like this regenerate, reaching at least in the group, the normal state, before trying a deep action on China. Let us understand finally, he said, if ours efforts to act violently, on this great people, they could not be except disturbing for them and demoralizing us, the occidentals .

Let us respect the spontaneous evolution, of this great civilization; and in the free emanated contacts of the commercial relationships, let us know how to truly disentangle us of prejudices puerile, and to understand the noblemen aspects of an organization that it governs, conveniently the half of our species. It is bringing like this to our appreciations, a moral and rational disposition, that the commercial relationships, now constituted spontaneously they can prepare, for a free one and volunteer adhesion, the action that the regenerate occident can be worthy of exercising.

Pierre Laffitte, dreamed of plus, out of the utopian conditions,

because the Occident is still highly in a barbarous phase, so that your hypotheses can happen. The most probable will be now, to the opposite, China to come for persuasion and knowledge Morals, to reduce the Selfish Empire of the Westerners, and to transform the Occident, for the Love for Beginning; the Order for Base and the Progress for Objective - Living for Others - and Living without lying; in a Scientific Regimen, Industrial, Pacific and Altruistic, as SOCIAL and MORAL reform, FOR THE WHOLE EARTH PLANET, led by China, through UNESCO, through UN. Because that only for a Globalization of Economical basis, through IMF, we will never reach an stage of Global Fraternization.

4) The Chinese Immigrants, that Lived in the City of Bananal, where residue, State of São Paulo, in the Century XIX, and that left your descendants here.

· To research in Bananal, they should consult the Books: 1. Dr. Aires Araújo of Azevedo - title? ; Publisher José Olímpio. 2. Dr. Ambassador L. THE. Nogueira Porto - Bananal in the Empire - 1994. 3. Prof. Agostinho Ramos - Small History of Bananal -1975 - geographical Historical Institute of the State of São Paulo.

4. Bananal City Historical Cradle of the Coffee. - Maria Aparecida Rezende Gouveia of Freitas - 1981 - Publisher Massano Ohno Roswitha Kenpf - São Paulo. 5. A Centennial - Bananal 1849 at 1949 - Alcides Pereira Peixoto - 1949. 6. The New Walks: Peoplings of the Bananal - Píndaro of Carvalho Rodrigues - 1980 - Govern of the State of São Paulo. 7. Resgate a Window for the Eight hundred - Collection of Hebe Maria Mattos of Castro and Eduardo Schnoor - Publisher TOPBOOKS - PUBLISHER and DISTRIBUIRORA of BOOKS LTD. 1995 8. To seek the descendants, that little lines possess; and a family that left Bananal in + - 1950, and it went to stop in Guaratinguetá - SP, setting up a bakery. PS - I Request to the interested ones, that want to research exclusively on

the Chinese immigrants in Bananal, that never seek any element that is political local. Because the current ones political, here in Bananal, they only know usufruct of the works of the other ones, without any respect; promoting your name and leaving the author back, without having helped in anything, mainly in this work. Seek these gentlemen below for they could help them, in case they come to know Bananal - SP - São Paulo - Brazil. These gentlemen were chosen for your merits and character. They swim they have with Positivism or with the treated subject in this book in cause. They are worthy residents of Bananal. Being able to in this case, to have only knowledge on the History of Chinese in Bananal, in the century XIX and it leaves of the XX, with your descendants; however, they ignore everything on the matter of this long article; being able to however, they come to be nice to the same; and nothing tends to complain.

Plínio Graça - Proprietor of the Drugstore

Plínio Coelho - Official Soldierly of the Reservation of the Brazilian Army.

João Batista Jesualdi Chaves (Merchant and Agricultural Technician) - Durval

José Geraldo Ramos Nogueira - Agricultural Technician

Dolívio Gomes of Oliveira - Studious Autonomous - Great general knowledge

Ernani Graça - Technician in Electronics.

Egnaldo Mendes Leal - Baiano - Retired Electrical Technician

Dra. Maria Lúcia Ferreira - Lawyer

Emílio Carlos Guimarães - Merchant of Bakery

Jorge Osvaldo Godoy - Entrepreneur of Hostelry.

~ End of the Work ~

I want to all,Health, with respect and Fraternity

PAULO AUGUSTO ANTUNES LACAZ

POSITIVISTA

Aristotle 215 / March 2004

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French version of this volume, by M. Avezac Lavigne, 1871. New edition 1895. System of Positive Politics, or Agreement of Sociology instituting the Humanity's Religion. 4 vol., Paris, 1851-1854; 2 edition, 1881-1884; 3 edition Translation for English for Richarde Congreve and other. Catechism Positivist, or Summary Exhibition of the Universal Religion. 1 volume, Paris 1852; 2 edition, 1874; 3 edition 1890. New edition 1891, with I preface of J. Lagarrigue and notes of Miguel we Read. To Plead to the Conservatives; 1 volume, Paris 1855, 2 edition Translation in English and Portuguese. Subjective synthesis, or Universal System of the Conceptions own of the Humanity's Normal State. 1 volume, Paris, 1856, volume 1 only published, containing the System of Positive Logic or Agreement of Mathematical Philosophy, 2 Edition Testament, Everyday Prayers, annual Confessions and Correspondences with Madame Clotilde of Vaux, 1 volume, Paris 1884, 2 edition English Translation of the Testament. Circular Annual (1850 - 1857) 1 volume 1866 - English translation. Philosophical agreement OF Popular Astronomy, 1 vol. , Paris ,1845; 2 edition, 1893. Elementary agreement of Analytic Geometry. 1 volume, Paris, 1841; 2 edition, preceded of the Geometry of Discards, in 1895. Translation for the Portuguese, for several students of the Military School of Rio de Janeiro. - Out of print. Letters `A M. Vallat (1815-1844), Paris 1870 Letters to John Stuart Mill (1841-1844), 1 volume Paris 1877 Unpublished correspondences of Augusto Comte. Paris elaborated by the Positivist Society -, 1903 (4 volumes). Letters of Augusto Comte Several `A - Published by your Executors of a Will, Paris - 1902. - Three Volumes.

NOTE: This work was Requested, as a book, taking the Title - " To the People and the Government of the Popular Republic of China " - to Be registered, in the office of copyrights, of the Foundation of the National Library, of the Ministry of the Culture, in Brazil, to receive an number of registration. This work can be used for any type of didactic use or propagation political, economical and philosophical, in a free way, from that nothing in him is altered, for more or for less. It can never be marketed in writing without authorization of the author. The Author always awaits contacts to supply talking, on the Positivist Doctrine; talking these that are reimburses.