Bambara Manual 2

8/12/2019 Bambara Manual 2

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PEACE CORPS MALI

KALANDEN KA GAFE KALANDEN KA GAFE KALANDEN KA GAFE KALANDEN KA GAFE

STUDENTS BOOKSTUDENTS BOOKSTUDENTS BOOKSTUDENTS BOOK

INTRODUCTORY BAMBARA INTRODUCTORY BAMBARA INTRODUCTORY BAMBARA INTRODUCTORY BAMBARA

LANGUAGE TRAINING PROGRAM


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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Acknowledgements AcknowledgementsThis Bambara book is designed in the behalf of the Peace Corps Trainees learning Bambara to

help them meet the needs of Peace Corps Mali in terms of their linguistic and cultural training asVolunteers.

As this manual will be mostly used during the training that happens among the villagecommunities, its contents are based upon the CBT style.

We hope then, dear PCTs, that the use of this book could contribute efficiently not onlyto your training in Bambara language, but also to culturally guiding you, future volunteers.

The success of this book in both fields will depend on its use relating on the realities ofyour training sites.

This trainee book Kalanden ka Gafe is designed as follows:IIII---- COMMUNICATIVES TASKS 17171717

Objectives Pictures Cultural Notes Safety and Security Notes Personal health Notes Dialogs Texts Vocabulary Grammar Exercises TDAs Self Evaluation

2222---- APPENDIX

Grammatical Notes Proverbs Translation Stories

We render a huge tribute to the Peace Corps/Mali Country Director,Doctor Michael J. Simsik , who constantly supported and fostered the Language Program inthe elaboration of these books.

Ours sincere acknowledgments also to the whole Training Team, particularly toMamadou Doudou NDoye (Assistant Language Coordinator and Project Manager), BocarBocoum (Language and Technical Training Coordinator), Moussa Camara, Abdallah AgMohamed Assaleh (Language and Cross Culture Facilitators) and all those who took part inthe elaboration of these books.

Thanks for your permanent endeavors and herein expecting your advises andsuggestions that will be, indeed, helpful for future language books.

Bocar BOCOUMLanguage and Technical Coordinator

July, 2009


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Preface Preface Preface PrefaceWelcome to Mali and our language training program! Our language training program, already provenhighly effective in its ability to teach trainees language acquisition in a very short amount of time,

continues to seek ways to broaden the language skills needed by Volunteers. Discussions andreflections among Peace Corps Staff and Volunteers about how we can improve the effectiveness of thelanguage program focused on the integration of language and technical skills acquisition for thepurpose of improving Volunteer performance in the field. The genesis of this reflection involves thefollowing question: What are the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) that Trainees need in orderto become highly effective Volunteers? This manual is, in part, an answer to this question as itspurpose is to provide you, as a Peace Corps Trainee, useful vocabulary and terminology based on realsituations that you should expect to encounter as a Volunteer in Mali. This manual also represents abig step in the direction of implementing the new training design and evaluation process, whereby alltraining activities are driven by clearly defined competencies, KSAs, learning objectives and teachingmethods.

As a Trainee, you have a very limited amount of time to acquire a new language. However, theadequate acquisition of your new language will be vital for you if you are to become an effectiveVolunteer. You can best use your precious language learning time by employing effective languagelearning strategies to improve your language skills. One such strategy that has proven successful is touse technical vocabulary and dialogs from real situations that you will encounter in your work.

Learning languages also requires a sense of adventure and a certain amount of experimentation on thepart of the learner. As the learner, you need to also be willing to make mistakes. You are highlyencouraged to do so, as your language trainers are a very sympathetic and friendly audience withwhom to make mistakes. They will guide you and correct you as needed, helping you to build yourskills along the way. We also ask that you practice often with the vocabulary and phrases in this

manual, and even use role plays with your language instructors to improve your mastery of thecontent. It will only help to ease your comfort level and build your confidence, so that once you are aVolunteer using these technical vocabulary and phrases in real situations with your counterparts,colleagues, and fellow villagers, you will not be intimidated (or at least, a little less so!). Note that thematerial in this manual is included because other Volunteers have found it useful to their work andother aspects of their service in Mali. So give it a try and see how it can help you to improve youracquisition of local language as well as your understanding of the technical aspects of the work youanticipate doing as a Volunteer.

I would also like to give a big thank you to Mamadou NDoye (Doudou) and Abdallah AgMohamed , who have labored hard to produce these manuals. Their diligent work and dedication are

acknowledged, and Peace Corps-Mali is grateful for their service and commitment to Trainees andVolunteers alike. They strive to insure that Trainees and Volunteers attain a comfort level in thelanguage in which they will work. With such a comfort level, Volunteers will be able to workproductively, integrate culturally, live happily, and leave Mali with a successful legacy of service totheir communities.

Good luck and again, welcome to Mali!

Dr. Michael J. SimsikProgramming and Training OfficerU.S. Peace Corps Mali

July 1st, 2009


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BAMBARA BAMBARA BAMBARA BAMBARA

COMMUNICATIVETASK

OBJECTIVES VOCABULARY

GRAMMAR

1- Greeting - Introducing oneself

- Saying goodbye

Greet alone in appropriate waysaccording to the different momentsof the day, in the community. Tell with precision his/her firstname, his family name and wherehe/she comes from. Use, at least, three (3) types ofquestions to know the name ofsome objects in a real situation.

Expressions relatedto the s ituation Jobs Titles Parenthoodexpressions Expressions forintroducing Expressions forleave taking

To be ( b )(yeye ) at thepresent tense

Personalpronouns

Interrogativewords: min ?

jon ? - jum n? Transitive,

reflexive andintransitive verbs atthe present tense

Thepostposition la

2 22 2 - Asking the world

for something

Ask, at least, three (3) types ofquestions to find out the name andthe use of five (5) different objectsin a real situation. Identify, at least, five (5)different objects in his/her sector. Tell the use of, at least, five (5)different objects in his/hercommunity. Use three (3) expressions ofpossession.

Usual expressionsfor identifying Classic objects Numbers

The possessiveadjective ka

Thepossessivepronoun ta

The emphaticpersonal pronoun

The emphatic de

3 33 3 - Talking about

the family

Cite six (6) family relationshipsin his/her host family. Tell exactly the profession ofthree (3) family members andwhere they live.

Tell the social status and theage of, at least, three (3) familymembers in the target language.

Parenthood terms Expressions such asto be alive, dead,married, old, single,etc.

To have (f ) How

much/many joli?

4 44 4 - Shopping

Use efficiently the local moneyin a Malian market. Buy two (2) or three (3) items ina market or a shop.

Currency Items of the market,in the shops Bargainingexpressions

Transitive,reflexive andintransitive verbs atthe pass tense

List of CommunicativeTasks


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5 - Asking/Giving

directions

Locate, at least, two (2) places. Use, at least, three (3)expressions to ask and givedirections.

Name of place Terms of locating andgiving direction Cardinal points Ordinal numbers

TheImperative

6 66 6 - Describe

a person, an objectand a place

Name, at least, ten (10) parts ofhuman body. Describe a person by pointingout, at least, five (5) physical andfive (5) moral traits. Describe, in five (5) correctsentences, his/her training site. Describe an object by giving two(2) or three (3) characteristics.

Body parts Adjectives describingmorally and physically Colors Expressions fordescribing

The ka auxiliary

Qualifyingadjectives +man suffix

The passivevoice with thelen/nen suffix

7 77 7 - Describe ones

mental andphysical state

Cite, at least, five (5) commonsicknesses in Mali.

Ask, at least, one accuratequestion to get information aboutsomeones physical state. Formulate two (2) or three (3)blessings to a sick person.

Diseases Expressions forfeelings, emotions anddesires Expressions forblessings

The Futuretense

TheImperfect tense

8 88 8 - Talking about

daily activities

Cite, at least, four (4) dailyactivities of a man and four of awoman according to the differentperiods of the day. Cite five (5) activities of his/herown.

Cite, at least, five (5) daily orseasonal activities according tothe gender, and the age. Tell his/her daily timetable tohis/her host family.

The name of theperiods of the day Verbs linked to dailyactivities

Expressions linked toactivities

TheHypotheticalfuture withmana

TheConditionaltense


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9 - Talking about

traveling

Cite the three (3) most usedtransportation means in Mali. Ask three (3) appropriatequestions to get informed aboutthe means, the fare and the

schedule of transportationregarding his/her trip, in a realsituation. Use three (3) appropriateexpressions to wish welcome orsafe trip to a traveler.

Means oftransportation Travel expressions Blessings expressions

Verbexpressinghabit ( ka deli

ka ) at thepresent tense,the past tenseand theImperfecttense

10 10 10 10 - Talking about

meals

Cite, at least, five (5) Malianmeals. Explain, at least, one recipe to

someone.

Enumerate four (4) behaviorswhen eating in Mali and comparethem to the American ones.

Name of dishes,utensils, ingredients,beverages

Meals expressions

The use ofk


feasts and leisure

Cite three (3) religious andthree (3) traditional feasts in Mali.

Name, at least, three (3) leisuretime activities in his/hercommunity and describe one ofthem.

Name of religious andtraditional feasts name of musicalinstruments Leisure time places

Thepassive voice

12 12 12 12 - Accept or decline

an invitation

Use, at least, three (3)expressions to invite someone ina real situation. Use appropriately three (3)expressions to accept or declinean invitation.

Expressions to invitesomeone Expressions to acceptan invitation Expression to declinean invitation

Verbsexpressingdesire andobligation atthe presenttense, the pasttense and theImperfecttense


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13 - Asking for help

Use three (3) appropriateexpressions to ask for or declinea proposal of help in a givensituation.

Expressions andwords for soliciting,proposing, accepting orpolitely declining help Expressions for givinginstructions to an

employee

Review ofthe tenses


weather

Cite three (3) characteristics ofthe main seasons in Mali. Cite, at least, two (2) activitiesrelated to the seasons, accordingto gender.

Name of seasons,months Characteristics of eachseason Activities during eachseason

Review ofthe tenses


ones skills

Explain in detail his/her work toanother person. Explain in detail one specific

activity related to his/hertechnical sector.

crafts Professions Terms of describing

skills

The actionnouns

The

agentivenouns

16 16 16 16 - Getting informed

about ones area

Ask, appropriately, questions toget informed about his/her site. Interview resource persons inorder to list NGOs anddevelopment partners working inhis/her commune.

The ethnic groups Social ceremonies Customs, taboos,habits

Thecomparatives

17 17 17 17 - Leading a

community meeting

Use expressions to ask for theaudiences patience during a realmeeting.

Introduce (open) or to end(close) a meeting in his/hercommunity. Ask questions to get peoplesopinions on the subjects in a realsituation.

Expressions foropening or closing a

meeting Terms related toopinions

Thedemonstrative

adjective nin The

relativepronoun min


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1 - Grammatical

Notes Use proper prefixes et

suffixes to form new words and

expressions.

Words and expressionslinked to grammatical

notes

The suffixlan

The suffixntan

The suffix ta

The suffixbali

The suffix ka

The prefix la

2 - Translations

Use the items alone. Dialogs Texts

Use ofproverbs in dailycommunication

3 - Stories

Introductory beginnerscourse into culture by stories

Expressions foundthrough stories andlegends from bambaracountry

Use of storiesand proverbs intraining activities


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Communicative Task: FOLI - M G JIRA M G W R LA FOLI BILA

GREETING INTRODUCING ONESELF SAYING GOODBYE

Objectives :1. Each trainee will be able to greet alone in appropriate ways according to the

different moments of the day, in the community.2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell with precision his/her

first name, his family name and where he/she comes from. 3. Each trainee will be able to use at least three (3) expressions to say goodbye

in a real situation.

4. Each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3) types of questions to knowthe name of some objects in a real situation.

Guess what are they saying?

Amadu: _______________________

Sali: __________________________


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Cultural Notes :

1. Greeting is very important in Mali. The one(s) who arrive(s) initiate(s) thegreeting.

2. Never greet people in the morning before washing the face.

3.

The family name is very significant because it allows you to identify the jokingcousins, the ethnic group and the origin of the identified person.4. Always announce where you are going and when you will probably be back.5. The host should always accompany the visitor to the gate.

a)- THE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGS THE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGS THE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGS THE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGS In Africa, greetings and salutations are extremely important to people. For the

American, who is used to saying nothing more than hi and then moving on, this may behard to get used to.The Bambara people and their language presente no exception to thisgeneralization. The exchanges presented to you in this and the following lessons representonly a beginning upon which you can build up your inventory of salutations and eventuallyperfect the art of greeting in the Bambara world. When two good friends meet, the greetingsmay last as long as five minutes, and even longer if they havent seen each other for a longtime. Greetings are a way of showing the respect that people have for each other. Greetingsalways involve at least one handshake and usually involve a series of handshakings of varyingdurations. You will often see the men putting their hands to their chests after each handshake -part of showing respect. The greetings should always be begun with a handshake, andleavetaking will also require one handshake.

When you pass people that you know in the street, it is best to stop and go through atleast a short greeting exchange with them. Whatever your dealings may be with various

Malian people, it is important to start off your conversation or your business with thegreetings. You should never be in so much of a hurry that you dont have time to greetsomeone - it doesnt pay.

In a typical greeting dialogue, one person usually starts out and remains the initiator forseveral exchanges while the other person responds to the various greetings and questions.When that series is completed, then the roles switch and the initiator becomes the answerer forseveral exchanges.


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b)- TIMES OF DAY TIMES OF DAY TIMES OF DAY TIMES OF DAY

For greetings and for referring to the times of the day, the Bambara language makesfour different divisions of the day:

1- the morning ( s g ma ),2- the heat of the day - around noon ( tile ),3- the afternoon ( wula ) and4- the evening and night ( su ).

There is a greeting for each of these divisions of the day. The greeting i ni s g ma would be literally translated as meaning you and the morning , but really corresponds withthe English Good morning and the French bonjour .

c)- GREETING PATTERNS GREETING PATTERNS GREETING PATTERNS GREETING PATTERNS The following diagrams are designed to represent the various possibilities for use of the

basic greeting patterns presented in this lesson. Only one item is to be selected at a time fromboxes containing several listed items. Use these to check out the different possibilities and tomake up new ones. The order of the diagrams represents an acceptable ordering of thegreetings.

Greetings Responsesi ni s g ma nba (male)aw tile nse (female)(name) wula

su

i ka k

n

(wa) ? t r (si) t

n nasom g w t u lai c /muso t a lai b di? n b h r la

h r d r n

The words nba and nse are used extensively in response to various greetings.Trying to translate them is useless, since we dont have their equivalents in English. Essentiallythey are signs of acknowledgement indicating acceptance of the greeting and recognition ofthe other person. Nba is the male response and nse is the female response.


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II II II II- -- - VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY

i ka k n ? how are you? t r t I'm finebaasi t I'm fine t r si t no problem at alltana t ? are you fine? tana t I'm finex ka k n x is healthy (fine) t r t'a la he/she's finet r t'u la they're fine i b di? how are you?x b di? how are x? a b di? how is it?a b ten it's so so h r b ? is there peace? (How are you?)h r d r n peace only (fine) h r sira? how was your night?h r tilenna? how was your day? jamu duman? what's your last name?x dun? and x? (what about x)? i + family name acknowledging your

family name (a form of greeting)

t g name jamu last name

bangebaaw parents fa fatherba mother k r older siblingd g younger sibling c husband/manmuso wife/woman teri friendteric male friend terimuso female friendkalanden student karam g teacherkuntigi chief m g leaderjamana country jamanatigi presidentdugu city dugutigi chief of villageAmeriki America ( U S A ) Farafinna Africa

ka b to come from x sigilen don + place x is settled in... ( live )x fil heres x min? where?jum n? which?, what? jon? who?jon don? who is it? x don its xnin ye x ye this is x

lak li school butigi shopkalanso classroom d k t r so hospitaldumunik y r restaurant, eating place. ka na to comeka taa to go ka x fo to greet xka sun g to sleep ka wuli to get upka x m n to hear x ka x caya to increase xka x kun b n to meet x k'i da to lay downk'i lafi to rest k'i miiri to thinkk'i ko to wash oneself. k'i sigi to sit downk'i yaala to take a walk k'i naj to have fun.


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COMMON EXPRESSIONS COMMON EXPRESSIONS COMMON EXPRESSIONS COMMON EXPRESSIONS

To take leave of someone at different moments of the day: usually there is a leave takingexpression followed by the answer.

sun g b n na I am sleepy. n s g nnen don I am tired. n taara I am leaving kelen! already k'an b'u fo Say we greet them u n'a m n they will hear it

tell them hellok'an b'a fo Say we greet him/her a n'a m n She/he will hear it.

DUGAW DUGAW DUGAW DUGAW Blessings

k'an s ni See you soon Ala ka tile h r caya May god increase thepeace of the day (Have a nice day)

ka su h r (caya) good night. ka dugu uman j good night.

k'an b

n see you. k'an si (h

r

la) May we spend the night inpeace (Good night)k'an kelen kelen wuli May we get up one ka taa ni ka segin n g ya Have a nice trip

by one (Good night)ka segin n'i uman ye May you come back safe .amiina Amen.

SOME TIME EXPRESSIONS SOME TIME EXPRESSIONS SOME TIME EXPRESSIONS SOME TIME EXPRESSIONS

s g ma/s g mada f In the morning tile f / tilegan f In the afternoon (12: am _ 3 pm)wula f In the afternoon suf In the evenings ni Soon k f Latersinin Tomorrow

SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY

hak to please hak ti la you are excusedbasi t no problem i ko di? what did you say?n ma faamu I did not understand it n ma m n I did not hear itsegin a kan repeat it a f tuguni say it again


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III III III III- -- - GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR

THE PRESENT TENSE: THE PRESENT TENSE: THE PRESENT TENSE: THE PRESENT TENSE:

a)- Translations for to be

As will become apparent to you, there are a number of forms in Bambara that translatethe English verb to be. In this lesson we have been briefly exposed to two of these.

1- b in the sentence h r b : There is happiness.t in the sentence t r t : There is no trouble. This form is used to express existence, location, and state. The negative of this form is

indicated by the word t , as in the second example above. In example 2-, this form is used forexpressing existence. In the following two examples from this lesson, the same form isessentially used for location.

2- ka in the question: i ka k n (wa)? How are you?

This form is used for what we will refer to as adjectives.Literally translated, the question corresponds to are you healthy? or are you well? in English, but it is used like the English How are you? or the French. Remember that ka is the sign of this form and that k n meaning healthy is an adjective.

Adjectives will be more closely examined in Communicative Task: Describing a person,an object, a place.

3- To describe somebody or something in order to translate the English to be, the ye ... ye is used.

e.g: John ye kalanden ye. John is a student.

New-York ye ameriki dugu ye. N.Y. is an American city.

Mali ye jamana ye. Mali is a country.

N.B.: a- The descriptive adjective is placed between the two ye.

b- The negative form is constructed as follow:

t ... ye

e.g: John t karam g ye. John isnt a teacher.

Los Angeles t jamana ye. L.A. isnt a country.


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b)- The transitive verbs:

e.g: I b mun kalan ? What do you study?

N b Bamanankan kalan . I study Bambara.

NB: b / t is the auxiliary element for the present in Bambara.

In Bambara, the direct object occurs before the verb.

e.g.: ka __ kalan ka __ dun ka __ s b n ka __ tobi ka __ f ka __ wele ka __ fo

Affirmative form: Negative form:

Subj + b + Direct Object + V Subj + t + Direct Object + V

N b Bamanankan kalan. N t Bamanankan m n k s b .I study Bambara I dont speak Bambara very well.

Interrogative form:

Subj + b + Direct Object + V (wa)? Subj + t + Direct Object + V (wa)?

I b Tubabukan m n wa? Aw t bamanankan f ?Do you (hear)/undertand/speak French? You dont speak Bambara?

c)- The reflexive verbs:

NB: Reflexive verbs or pronominal verbs always have an object pronoun that refers to the same person as thesubject. The object pronoun occurs before the verb.

e.g: N b n ko . I wash myself

But in Bambara, the third person object noun can be i in reflexive constructions. e.g: A b a sigi = A bi sigi. He sits down.

Karam g ti sigi kalanso k n . The teacher doesnt sit down in the classroom.

e.g.: ki ko ki da ki sigi ki lafi ki yaala ki naj


Suj + b + Pron + V Suj + t + Pron + V

N b n ko s g ma ni suf . N t n da joona suf .

Interrogative form:

Suj + b + Pron + V (wa)? Suj + t + Pron + V (wa)?

I b'i ko s g ma ni wula f (wa)? Aw t aw da joona suf ?

NB: The reflexive pronoun always immediately precedes the reflexive verb in the infinitive:

N b taa n yaala. I am going to take a walk.

Aw b taa aw naj . You are going to amuse yourself.


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d)- The intransitive verbs:

e.g: I b b min? Where are you from?

N b b Ameriki. I come from Amerika.

I b taa min? Where are you going?N b taa sugu la. I am going to the market.

NB: In Bambara, the indirect object (object + postposition) occurs after the verb.

e.g. : ka b ka taa ka segin ka kuma ka sun g ka wuli ka yaala


Suj + b + V + indirect Obj + postp Suj + t + V + indirect Obj +postp

Sali b taa sugu la. Sali t segin joona so.

Interrogative form:

Suj + b + V + indirect Obj + postp (wa)? Suj + t + V + indirect Obj +postp (wa)?

Amadu b kuma kalandenw f wa? I ba t taa sugu la don go don?

e)- The verb k

The verb k has many meanings: to do, cause, happen, occur.Here, it was used as a transitive verb, meaning do.

e.g: ka kalan k (ka kalank ) to do studying (to study)

ka baara k (ka baarak ) to do work (to work)

NB: In the above two examples kalan is a noun meaning studying and baara is a noun meaning work.Both are direct objects of the verb k .


Suj + b + Vk + Obj + postp Suj + t + Vk + Obj +postp

N b baarak k ridelap la U t s n k don go don.

Interrogative form:

Suj + b + Vk + Obj + postp (wa)? Suj + t + Vk + Obj +postp (wa)?

A b barok a som g w f su o su wa ? I t s b nnik kalanso k n ?

f)- The verb ko

e.g: I ko mun? What do you say?

N ko , n b taa so. I say, I am going home.


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The verb ko that appaeared once in these sentences means to say. It is a defectiveverb (one wich does not have all tenses) very frequently used in Bambara. It does not take anyauxiliary elements in Present tense.

g)- The postposition la

La is a preposition used for a place. It comes always after the place in thesentence.

Therefore, it is called a postposition.

S + b + Verb + Place + la e.g: N b taa lak li la.

A b kalank University la.

La become na in front of nasal sounds.

e.g: An b taa g n na .

La is not used in front of so (specific place)e.g: N b taa so.

La is not used with geographical names (except for Mali).

e.g: An b b Ameriki.U t taa Bamako.A b b New-York.

But : U b na Mali la .


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IV IV IV IV- -- - EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES

1- Write the possible answers:

I ni s g ma ________________

I ka k n ? ___________ / __________ / ___________

I b di? __________ / __________ / ____________

H r b ? ________________ / _________________

Som g w b di? ________________ / _________________

I fa n'i ba b di? ________________ / _________________

H r sira? ________________

2- Create a conversation between Amadu and Bakari.

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:


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3- Match the words in A with those in B.

A B

1- n b taa a- amen

2- lak li b- see you3- k'an b'u fo c- they will hear it

4- amiina d- I leave

5- u n'a m n e- have a nice day

6- ka tile h r caya f- school

7- k'an s ni g- see you soon

8- k'an b n h- tell them hello

TDA TDA TDA TDA 1- Greet at least two (2) to three (3) persons on your way: Obseve the acts and gestures; Get informed on their identity and where they are from; Use at least three (3) expressions to take a leave in this real situation; Note down the new expressions.

2- With a family members help: Identify at least 5 objects of your choice in the court yard; Identify at least 5 objects in your room; Identify at least 5 objects in the kitchen.

SELF EVALUATION SELF EVALUATION SELF EVALUATION SELF EVALUATION I can:

G : E : E Introduce myself: YES___ NOT YET ___ Introduce someone: YES ___ NOT YET ___ : YES ___ NOT YET___


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Communicative Task: F NW T G ININKALI ASKING THE WORD FOR SOMETHING

Objectives:

1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to ask, at least, three (3) typesof questions to find out the name and the use of five (5) different objects in areal situation.

2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to identify, at least, five (5)different objects in his/her sector.

3. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell the use of, at least, five(5) different objects in his/her community.

4. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to use three (3) expressions ofpossession.

Cultural Notes :

1. Always greet people before asking them.2. It is not advised to name intimate body parts.


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I II I- -- - VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY

kalanso classroom duloki shirtkulisi shorts tabulo chalkboard saki (b r ) bag segi basket

lak r chalk taji (pit r li) kerosene so house s si (sigilan) chair palan (shiyo) bucket t r si flash light biki pen d b n mat furalan broom kaye copy book dilan (dalan) bed birifini blanket gafe (liburu/kitabu) book li bed dara bed sheet kiriyon pencil sange (sanke) mosquito net pili battery k su trunk safin soap

te (dute) tea sukaro sugar butiki shop finfin (saribon) charcoal alim ti matches fini cloth samara shoes salidaga kettle fifalan fan lanpan kerosene lamp ka furannik to sweep ka x furan to sweep xka x fifa to fan x ka x ko to washka x don to wear x ka x m n /ka x tugu to lightka x ta to take x ka x k y k n /la to put x(liquid) in yka x don y k n /la to put x(solid) in y ka x siri to tie x/to fasten x

ka x s b n to write x ki fifa to fan one selfka x faga to put off (light) ka x tig to cut xka x (da) y l to open x ka x (da) tugu to close x / to shut xka x ininka to ask x ka x jaabi to answer xka x f to explain x ka x laj to look at x/to watch xki biri ni x ye to cover oneself with x


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COMMON EXPRESSIONS COMMON EXPRESSIONS COMMON EXPRESSIONS COMMON EXPRESSIONS

a t g ? what is its name?nin t g ? what is the name of this?nin b f cogodi bamanankan na? how do you say this in bambara?nin k r ? what is the meaning of this?nin b wele cogodi? how do you call this?n ma faamu I didnt undersdand ita f tuguni say it again.segin a kan repeat it ( again )i ko di?/i ko mun?/i ye mun f ? what did you say?n ma m n I didnt hear iti ya m n wa? did you hear it?i ya faamu? did you understand it?x don it is xx t it is not xnin laj look at this/watch thismun don? what is it?j n don? who is it?nin ye mun ye? what is that?nin ye j n ye? who is this?nin ye x ye this is x / that is xnin t x ye this is not xf n jum n? what (thing)?a f d ni d ni say it slowly

a f ka p r n say it loudly ininkali b n f I have a question

SectorNotes:

Knowing the names of your sector tools and items makes your work easier.


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II II II II- -- - GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR

The possessive case:

The possessive adjective: The only Bambara word ka translates the possessive

adjectives my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their in English. e.g: i-

S + ka + obj. Subj s obj.

N ka saki my bag.

John ka so Johns house

U ka kalanso Their classroom

ii- S + ka + obj. + don Its Subj.s obj.

N ka duloki don Its my shirt.

A ka sigilan don Its his chair.

iii- Nin ye + S + ka + Obj. ye This is Subj.s Obj

Nin ye j n ka saki ye? Whose bag is this?

Nin ye n ka saki ye. This is my bag.

N.B.: Ka never varies. It is the possessed object which takes the plural form.

e.g: A ka sigilanw His chairs.An ka sakiw Our bags.

N.B.: We dont use Ka with the family or intimate relations and the parts of the body.

e.g: N fa don Its my father.

Nin ye n ba ye. This / that is my mother.

A teric don. Its his/her friend.

I da Your mouth.


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The possessive pronoun ta

The word ta replaces the object possessed. It translates the English words: mine,yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs according to the subject.

i- Subj. + ta + don It is Subj.s Subj. + ta + t It is not Subj.s

e.g: N ka saki don. It is my bag.

N ta don It is mine.

Aw ta t . Its not yours.

ii- Nin + ye + Subj.+ ta + ye This is Subj.s

Nin + t

+ Subj.+ ta + ye This is not Subj.se.g: Nin ye n ka samara ye. This is my shoe.

Nin ye n ta ye This is mine.

Nin t John ka samara ye. This is not Johns shoe.Nin t John ta ye. This is not Johns.

N.B.: ta always replaces an object possessed which we mentioned before.When objects possessed are many, ta becomes taw ( plural form. ).

e.g: John ka bikiw don.

A taw don. The emphatic personal pronouns

Simple pronouns Emphatics n ne I mei e youa ale he, him; she,her; itan anw we usaw aw youu olu they them


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The emphatic de

It is used when we want to insist on the situation. It always goes with the emphaticpronouns.

e.g: J n ka biki don? Whose pen is it?Ne de ka biki don. It is my pen.

Ne de ta don. It is mine.

N.B.: The emphatic pronouns can be subjects too whenever we put an emphasis on a factor or situation.

e.g: Ne de b b Ameriki. Its me who comes from USA.

Ale de b taa Bamako. Its him who goes to Bamako.

Using the structure:

Subj. + b + Obj. + V + ni + x + ye Subj. + V + with the Obj.

e.g: N b so furan ni furalan ye. I sweep the house with the broom.

A b ji ta ni shiyo ye. He/she takes water with the bucket.

N.B.: This structure can be used only with the objects we can take easily with our hands work with.

The above structure is used to answer to the question below

Subj. + b + mun + k + ni + x + ye ? hat does Subj. do with x?

e.g: I b mun k ni alim ti ye? What do you do with the matches?

N b lanpan m n ni alim ti ye. I light the kerosene lamp with the matches.

But when the object is not taken to work with the question is:

Subj. + b + mun + k + Obj. + la/na ?

e.g: I b mun k taji la? What do you do with the kerosene?

N b taji k lanpan k n . I put the kerosene in the kerosene lamp.

Safety and Security Notes:

When in trouble, knowing the names of things may be helpful.


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III III III III- -- - EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES

Translate the following sentences in Bambara:

1. No it is not his. _________________________________

2.

It is ours. _________________________________3. No they are mines. _________________________________4. It is mine. _________________________________5. Its me who comes from USA. _________________________________6. Its him who goes to Bamako. _________________________________

Ask your brother or sister the name of things you want to know.

TDA TDA TDA TDA With a family members help: Identify at least five (5) objects of your choice in the court yard; Identify at least five (5) objects in your room; Identify at least five (5) objects in the kitchen.


Formulate questions t . : YES __ NOT YET __

Give the name of certain current objects: YES __ NOT YET __


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Communicative Task: DENBAYA/SOM G W TALKING ABOUT THE FAMILY

Objectives:

1. Without help, each trainee will be able to cite six (6) family relationships inhis/her host family.

2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell exactly the professionof three (3) family members and where they live.

3. Without help, each trainee will be able to tell the social status and the age of,at least, three (3) family members in the target language.

Amadu ka denbaya fil .

A muso t g Assa

A denw t g Fanta, Madu, Awa ani Seku.


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Cultural Notes :

1. In Mali, when we talk about family, we refer to the extended one.2. Cousins are considered as siblings and there is a joking relationship

between them as well as between sisters-in-law and brothers-in-law, or

grand parents and grand children.3. Parents can beat their children, just to discipline them; also some

husbands beat their wives.

I II I- -- - VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY VOCABULARY FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY MEMBERS

bangebaa/mansa parent fa fatherba mother c man/husbandmuso woman/wife den childdenc /denk son denmuso daughterbalima sibling balimak brotherbalimamuso sister k r elderk r c /k r k older brother k r muso older sisterd g younger d g c / d g k younger brother d g muso younger sister m k grandfatherm muso grandmother m den grandchildb nk uncle t n muso aunt

SOME EXPRESSIONS SOME EXPRESSIONS SOME EXPRESSIONS SOME EXPRESSIONS

x sigilen don + place/x sigilen b + place x is settled + placen t n bangebaaw bara I dont live at my parentsx balolen don x is alivex balolen t x isnt alivex sara/x bana x is deadx furulen don x is marriedx furulen t x isnt marriedx furu salen don x is divorcedx ye c ganan ye x is a bachelor/singlex ye musoganan ye x is singlex k r len don x is oldx san ye + number ye/x ye san + number x is number year old


1. The concept of privacy is restricted in Malian families.2. Belongings are considered as common. (Beware: take care of your

stuff)


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II II II II- -- - GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR

Possessive F

i- Possessive have in English is commonly expressed in Bambara by what we calla locative construction. These constructions do not contain verbs. They consist of a noun (ornoun phrase) followed by the auxiliary b or t , f followed by a postpositional phrase (anoun or noun phrase followed by a postposition). A postposition is much like a prepositionwith the exception that it follows its object rather than preceding it.

Locative construction: Noun + Aux . + Noun + Post .

ii- The most common postposition for expressing possession is F , which translatesvery roughly into English as "with". But here it means have. e.g.:

a)- Affirmative form:Object + b + Subject + f Subject have the ObjectBiki b n f . I have a pen.

b)- Negative form:

Object + t +Subject + f Subject have not the ObjectDen t n f . I have not a child.

c)- Interrogative form:

Object + b +Subject + f (wa) ? Den b i f ? Do you have a child?


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III III III III- -- - EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES

Answer the following questions in full sentences.

1- Balima joli bi f ? ___________________________ _________________________________

2- Den joli bi bangebaw f

? ____________________ _________________________________3- I balimaw b min? __________________________ _________________________________

4- I balima jum n sigilen b 'i bangebaw bara? _____ _________________________________

5- I bangebaw b mun baarak ? _________________ ________________________________

6- J n ye kalanden ye ek liba la aw ka so? ________ ________________________________

7- J n b sok n baara k aw ka so? ______________________________________________

8- I balimaw ye san joli ye? ____________________________________________________

9- I ni m k ani i m muso sigilen b dugu kelen k n wa? __ _______________________

Translate into Bambara.

1- My sister has a daughter. ____________________________________________________

2- They have too many children. _______________________________________________

3- My brother is not yet married. _______________________________________________

3- His father is a teacher. _____________________________________________________

5- My mother works at the hospital. ____________________________________________

6- Their sisters live in England. ________________________________________________

7- She has ten brothers and five sisters. _________________________________________

8- We have good trainers. _____________________________________________________

9- Youre my brother. _________________________________________________________

10- My aunt is divorced. _______________________________________________________

Get the family tree of your host family by asking a member. You may have to report

to the class.

TDA TDA TDA TDA 1- Get informed the identity and profession of some of your host family members.2- Draw your host family tree.


Describe my family: YES___ NOT YET___


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I II I- -- - DIALO DIALO DIALO DIALOG GG G

: ! ! ! B !

: I ! , !: , . . .

: i i ye joli ye?

: ! . ,

: A ! A , .

: A . I ?

: A . .

: A . , .

: I ! . H ! .

: F . I !

: A ! !


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MONEY MONEY MONEY MONEY SYSTEM: SYSTEM: SYSTEM: SYSTEM:

In malian monetary system the unity is d r m kelen. It equals five francs.

e.g: 5F = d r m kelen 10F = d r m fila 25F = (d r m ) duuru 50F = (d r m ) tan 100F = (d r m ) mugan 250F = (d r m ) biduuru 500F = (d r m ) k m 1000F = (d r m ) k m fila 2500F = (d r m ) k m duuru 5000F = (d r m ) waa kelen 10.000F = (d r m ) waa fila

butigi the shop butigitigi the shop keeper

sugu the market feerek la the seller

sannik la the buyer wari money

warimis n change/coins s ng / da price

sanni shopping feere selling

falen change t r m li bargaining

BUTIGI K BUTIGI K BUTIGI K BUTIGI K N NN N F FF F NW NW NW NW (THINGS IN THE SHOP) (THINGS IN THE SHOP) (THINGS IN THE SHOP) (THINGS IN THE SHOP)

safin soap safin mugu soap powder

kafe coffee alim

ti matches tulu oil sig r ti cigarette te tea buru bread shokola chocolate pili battery buru kala (kelen) loaf of bread l tiriforoko envelop sukaro sugar pati tooth paste kaye note book b r si tooth broshb nb n candy biki pen n n milk n n mugu milk powdern n jiman concentrated milk sh fan eggs

SUGULAF SUGULAF SUGULAF SUGULAF NW NW NW NW ( THINGS IN THE MARKET) ( THINGS IN THE MARKET) ( THINGS IN THE MARKET) ( THINGS IN THE MARKET)

yiriden fruit lenburukumun lemon lenburuba orange namasa bananamangoro mango jabibi pine applemanje papaya


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NAF NAF NAF NAF NW NW NW NW (INGREDIENTS) (INGREDIENTS) (INGREDIENTS) (INGREDIENTS)

sogo meat j g fishjaba onion lenburuba orange tigad g peanut butter tamati tomato namasa banana shu cabbageforonto pepper ngan ocrang y egg plant layi garlic

OTHER THINGS OTHER THINGS OTHER THINGS OTHER THINGS

bagi material fini clothtafe pagne sanbara/samara shoesduloki a shirt kulusi pants

m nturu a watch HAK HAK HAK HAK W WW W (MEASURES) (MEASURES) (MEASURES) (MEASURES)

sara pile ( tiga sara/ a pile of peanut ) litiri a literlitiri tilanc a half of litre pake a pack

SOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAINING SOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAINING SOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAINING SOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAINING

ayiwa o.k. h n take it ka x san to buy x ka x feere to sell x

ka x falen to make change ka x t r m to bargainka x segin to give back x x bana x is finished x ye joli ye? how much is x x da/s ng ka g l n x is expensive x + b + place (la) x is at place d b a la reduce it a barika reduce or increase it a san x (la) buy it at ...price a di yan x (la) give it to me at ... price wariko don I have no moneyi kari kari ye joli ye? what is your last price? o t'a s r you can't have it at this price x da/s ng ka n g n /ka di/man g l n x is cheap x + b + Pers + bolo/x + b Pers + f to haveobjet + b s r place (la) object is found at place


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1. Take care of your handbags and pay attention to people who get too closeto you in the market.

2. Dont put all your eggs in one basket. Avoid exposing a lot money and

check your change after buying.3. Dont accept any help except you know the person.

Personal health Notes:

Avoid buying unprotected market food and drink because of sanitationconditions.


THE PAST DEFINITE THE PAST DEFINITE THE PAST DEFINITE THE PAST DEFINITE

The past in bambara is grouped into categories: Regular verbs and irregular Verbs.

All verbs requiring an object, all verbs ending by k and all reflexive verbs are regular.

In transitive constructions the past is indicated by the auxiliary ye.

In the negative, the past is formed in the same way for both transitive and intrasitiveconstructions: the auxiliary is ma in regular auxiliary position.

Here are their structures:

1- Regular Verbs Transitive Constructions:

Ex: Don go don s g ma, n b kafe min. (Present tense)

Ex: Bi s g ma, n ye m ni min. (Past definite)

Ex: Kunun, n taa ra sugu la.

i) Affirmative form: Negative form:

Subj + y + Obj + V Subj + ma + Obj + V

Bi s g ma, n ye safin san butigi la. Bi s g ma, n ma safin san butigi la.This morning I bought soap in the shop. This morning I didn't buy soap in the shop

Interrogative form:

Subj + y + Obj + V (wa)? Subj + ma + Obj + V (wa)?

Bi s g ma, i ba ye ji kalaya joona wa? Sur i ma dute min wa?Did your mom heat water earlier this morning? Didnt you drink tea last night?


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ii)Affirmative form: Negative form:

Subj + ye+ Vk + Obj + postp Subj + ma + Vk + Obj +postp

A ye baarak k ridelap la U ma s n k foro la.

Interrogative form:

Subj + ye + Vk + Obj + postp (wa)? Subj + ma + Vk + Obj +postp (wa)?

I ye barok i som g w f sur wa ? I ma s b nnik kalanso k n ?

iii)Affirmative form: Negative form:

Subj + ye + Pron + V Subj + ma + Pron + V

N ye n ko bi s g ma. N ma n da joona sur .I washed myself this morning I did not lie down early last night.

Interrogative form:

Subj + ye + Pron + V (wa)? Subj + ma + Pron + V (wa)?

I y'i ko bi s g ma (wa)? Aw m aw da joona sur ?

2- Irregular Verbs

Intransitive Constructions:

In intransitive constructions the auxiliary is the suffix ra or na or la attached to the verb.a) Suffix Ra ra is the basic form


Subj + V ra + Compl + postp Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp

Kunun, n taa ra sugu la Aw ma taa sugu la kunun.Yesterday I went to the market. Yesterday I didn't go to the market.

Interrogative form:

Subj + V ra + Compl + postp (wa)? Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)?

Aw sun g ra joona sur ? Aw ma sun g joona sur ?Did you sleep early last night? Didnt you sleep early last night?

b) - Suffix Na na : after nasal consonants


Subj + V na + Compl + postp Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp

An kunun na joona Aw ma kuma u f .


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Interrogative form:

Subj + V na + Compl + postp (wa)? Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)?

Aw kuma na u f wa? Aw ma kuma u f ?Did you talk to them? Didnt you talk to them?

c)- Suffix La la : if the consonant immediately preceding is an l


Subj + V la + Compl + postp Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp

Kunun wula f an boli la dugu sira k r f . Aw ma boli bi s g ma.Yesterday afternoon we ran by the road. You did not run this morning.

Interrogative form:

Subj + V la + Compl + postp (wa)? Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)?

Aw wuli la joona bi s g ma? Aw ma boli bi s g ma?Did you wake up early this morning? Didnt you run this morning?

3- Time expressions

Here are some time expressions going with the past definite.

sur _ > last night kunun _ > yesterday kunasinin _ > the day before yesterday

d g kun t m nen _ > last week kalo t m nen _ > last month salon _ > last year


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IV IV IV IV- -- - EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES Do the following matching game:

1- k m a- 9355F

2- k m saba b- 5500F3- k m w r ni biduuru c- 70F4- wa kelen ni k m segin ni biwolonfila ni kelen d- 110F5- wa kelen ni k m e- 45F6- mugan ni fila f- 3250F7- tan ni naani g- 500F8- d r m k n nt n h- 1500F

Do the following matching game:

1- d b a la/a barika a-what do you have on you?2- i b'a san joli? b- what's your last price?3- o t'a s r . c- how much is the shirt?4- i kari kari ye joli? d- have it.5- h n. e- how much do you pay for it?6- safin banna. f- reduce the price.7- duloki ye joli ye? g- that cannot afford it.8- wari di yan. h- give the money.9- safin b s r butigi la. i- give the change back.

10- n n banna. j- can you change 500F?11- buru t yan. k- you can find soap in the shop.12- tiga d r m tan na di yan. l- there is no bread.13- k m falen b'i bolo wa? m- soap is finished.14- warimis n segin. n- give me peanut for 50F.15- mun b'i kun? o- milk is finished

Change the following sentences into the past definite

N b namasa san sugu la. _____________________________________ An b na kalany r la s g ma joona. ____________________________ A t sannik bi. ______________________________________________ N b wuli joona ka boli. _______________________________________ I t foyi k nak la. ___________________________________________ An b dumunik yan dimasi. __________________________________


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Refering to this picture complete this dialogue between Amadu and Samba.

Amadu : ___________ Samba: Nba i ni s g ma Amadu : ___________ Samba: fini m tiri ye wa kelen ye Amadu : ___________ Samba: I b'a san joli? Amadu : ___________ Samba: O t'a s r Amadu : ___________ Samba: K m segin Amadu : ___________ Samba: Wari di Amadu : ___________ Samba: K'an b'u fo Amadu : ___________


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TDA TDA TDA TDA 1- In the host village, identify at least five (5) products of your choice from the placesbelow:

At the market; In a shop; From a street seller.

NB: Use the board below:

Shop items Market items Fruits/jiridenw Sauce ingredients/naf nw Others/f n w r w

2- Buy two (2) or three (3) items of your choice in a shop or in the market. Observe the sellers attitudes before and during buying; Bargain the prices of items (what were the proposed prices and the ones at which you

bought your articles?)


Use efficientlythe local money: YES: __ NOT YET: __ Ask about the availibility of something: YES: __ NOT YET: __ Buy in a market or a shop: YES: __ NOT YET: __


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Communicative Task: Y R W TAMASERECOGO ASKING/GIVING DIRECTIONS

Objectives:

1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to locate, at least, two (2)places.

2. Without any help, each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3)expressions to ask and give directions.

Cultural Notes :

1. Greet people before asking them for directions.2. In small villages, people prefer leading you to the place rather than

giving you directions.3. People refer to common well-known places to indicate directions instead

of referring to the cardinal points.

I II I- -- - DIALOG DIALOG DIALOG DIALOG

: A !

: , ! D !

: B ! A ! .

: D , A .

: I ! A , .

: A ! I . I , , .D . .

: I ! !

: ! !

: A !


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There are some places people refer to locate a given point ( common or public places orbuildings,wellknown people... )

d g t r so hospital p n bridgeyirisunba the big tree dugutigi ka so the chief of the villages housesiraba the main road p npe pumpworodugu south k k dugu northk r n east tilebin west.fan side of x x fan f at x sideyan here yen there.

The following expressions are used to lead someone to a certain point.

i tilen ka taa.(fo...) Go straight.(until...) fara i numan f Turn left.fara i kini f . Turn right. sira tig . Cross the roadt m n so la. Pass over the house se so ma. Reach the house.

These other expressions are very polite used by someone who wants a help to findhis/her way.

n ma! Please, help me! i b se ka n ma? Can you help me?haketo! Excuse me! x b fan jum n f ? Where is x ?x y r ka jan wa? Is x far? a ma jan (wa)? Isnt it far?a ka ja d ni Its fairly far x sira b min? Where is the way to x ?

i bi tilen nin sira f

You go straight on this road. i ni baraji Thanks.Here are some useful prepositions for giving or receiving directions.

x f in front of x x k f behind xx k n in x x kan on xduguma on the ground x K r under xx k r f next to x x ni y c between x and y.x kuna above x x c manc la at the center of xx sanf above x

The are other common words you meet in the context of giving or receiving directions.ka x inin to look for x ka x jira pers. la/na to show x to pers.ka fili to make an error ka tunun to be lostx tununnen don x is lost x ka jan y la/na x is far from yki munumunu x k f to go around x


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The Ordinal numbers are built on the cardinal numbers by adding nan, except for f l (first) and laban (last).Here are some examples:

Cardinal numbers Ordinal numbers

kelen f l firstfila filanan secondsaba saba nan thirdnaani naani nan fourthx laban laban last.


1. In big cities, people hesitate to indicate somebodys house. (Because ofsecurity issues)

2. Always double-check when you are given a direction.

3. He who asks doesnt get lost.


The Imperative

a)- The Imperative in Bambara is used for making polite requests, suggestions orcommands.


(obj) + Verb kana + (obj) + Verb

e.g: - Ji min! (Drink water!) kana ji min!- I ko! (Wash!) kan i ko ! - Taa! (Go!) kana taa !

b)- This is formed by using the auxiliary ka in the affirmative and kana in the negative.


Suj + ka + (obj) + Verb Suj + kana +(obj) + Verb

e.g: An ka ji min! (Lets drink water!) Aw kana k l nnaji min!An kan ko! (Lets wash!) I kan i ko k ji la! An ka taa! (Lets go!) An kana taa !


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Translate these sentences into bambara.

1- Excuse me. Can you show me the way to Bamako. _______________________________________________

2- Good morning brother. I am lost. Do you know where the hospital is? _______________________________________________

3- It is not far from here _______________________________________________

4- Go straight. Cross the fifth road and turn right _______________________________________________

5- Yes, I know him. Do you see the big house other there? It is behind that one. _______________________________________________

6- Is Segou far from Bamako? ________________________________________________

7- Turn around over this red car then turn left and go straight.The mosque is in front of you. _____________________________________________

Use the command or the imperative form of these sentences below.Please follow the modeles.

Modeles: I b taa sugu la. taa sugu la.

An b

mangoro dun. An ka mangoro dun.Aw t biy ri min. A kana biy ri min.

1- Aw b l t r ci aw teriw ma. ____________________

2- Aw t'aw ko baji la. ____________________

3- I b barok i som g w f . ____________________

4- Aw b kuma bamanankan na tuma b ____________________

5- I t kuma Angil kan na. ____________________

6- Aw taw sigi duguma ____________________

7- I b'i ko don o don ____________________8- I t m g w neni dugu k n . ____________________

9- I b taa dute min i teriw bara ____________________

10- Aw b na kalanso la joona ____________________


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TDA TDA TDA TDA 1- Make a map of your town and show: Your family; Every trainees family in this town; Public places.

2- Ask directions to two (2) or three (3) persons to find out the house of the chief of thevillage.

With the chief, get informed about the geographic location of the neighbouringvillages.

3- Or, ask for directions to find out the house of a village chiefs consellor. Get informed from him about different public interest places and their location in

the village.

4- From the school master/a pupil, get informed about the geographic location of thebordering countries with Mali.

5- With a younger sister/brothers help: Identify at least 10 body parts.


Indicate a place to someone by using appropriate expressions: YES __. NOT YET __

Thank someone after he gives me indications: YES__. NOT YET __.


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Communicative Task: M G NI F NW TAMASERE COGO DESCRIBING A PERSON, AN OBJECT AND A PLACE

Objectives:

1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to name, at least, ten (10)parts of human body.

2. Without assistance, each trainee will be able to describe a person by pointingout, at least, five (5) physical and five (5) moral traits.

3. Each trainee will be able to describe, in five (5) correct sentences, his/hertraining site without notes.

4. Each trainee will be able to describe an object by giving two (2) or three (3)characteristics without his/her notes.

I II I- -- - TEXT TEXT TEXT TEXT

Nin muso in man jan, a man surun. A kis w ka kunba, a inw j len don. A c ka i. Anison ka di tuma b . M g s b don.


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Cultural Notes :

1. In public, talking about/touching intimate body parts is culturallyinappropriate in Mali.

2. In general, we dont talk about a womans pregnancy in front of her.

3.

Talking about someones physical and mental infirmities is embarrassingfor him/her.4. Being fat is a sign of wealth and good health; but being skinny is a sign

of problems.


PARTS OF THE BODY: PARTS OF THE BODY: PARTS OF THE BODY: PARTS OF THE BODY: FARIKOLO: FARIKOLO: FARIKOLO: FARIKOLO:

nun nose k n stomach/belly da mouthdisi chest senkala leg kunbere kneekan neck kamankun shoulder bolo(kala) arm


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woro thigh eye bolok ni fingert g hand senkuru ankle kunkolo headsent g foot tulo ear n nk n elbow

QUALIFI QUALIFI QUALIFI QUALIFIERS ( PHYSICAL ) ERS ( PHYSICAL ) ERS ( PHYSICAL ) ERS ( PHYSICAL ) The following adjectives are used to describe physical traits.

x ka jan x is tall x ka surun x is short. x ka bon x is big/fatx ka d g n x is small x ka kunba x is strong x ka misen x is thin.x ka k r x is old x ka fin x is black x ka j x is light (complexion) x ka girin x is heavy x c ka i x is beautiful (handsome)x c kajugu x is ugly

QUALIFIERS ( MORAL) QUALIFIERS ( MORAL) QUALIFIERS ( MORAL) QUALIFIERS ( MORAL)

These adjectives are used to portray moral state.x ka jugu x is bad/mean x ka i x is good. x ka farin x iscourageousx ka kis x is devoted/hard working x ka kegun x is cleverx nison ka di x is happy/glad x nison man di x is sadx hakili ka di x is intelligent x hakili ka go/( man di) x is stupid (not intelligent)

QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS ( TASTE ) ( TASTE ) ( TASTE ) ( TASTE ). ...

x ka di x is good __ e.g.: Namasa ka di/Namasa duman donx ka kunan x is bitter __ e.g.: Woro ka kunan/Woro kunanman donx ka kumun x is sour __ e.g.: Lenmuru ka kumun/Jiriden kumun don x ka timi x is sweet __ e.g.: Jabibi ka timi/Jiriden timiman donx ka farin x is hot __ e.g.:Foronto ka farin/Foronto farinman donx ka go x is bad __ e.g: Nin jiriden ka go/Jiriden goman don

SOME EXPRESSIONS SOME EXPRESSIONS SOME EXPRESSIONS SOME EXPRESSIONS: :: :

x b cogodi? How is x? ( What is x like? )x b cogodi ? What color is x?x f r len don . x is spacious/roomy/comfortablex korilen don . x is round.x ka magan . x is smooth.x ka g len . x is hard/toughx ka gonin x is hot x ka kalan x is hotx ka di n ye x is good to me ( x likes )


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COLORSCOLORSCOLORSCOLORS

Please note the different forms of expressing colors in Bambara.

J man --- nin ye j man ye ---- nin j len don ----- a ka j white

Finman --- nin ye finman ye - --- nin finnen don --- a ka finblack

Bilenman --- nin ye bilenman ye ----- nin bilennen don

Bink n man / ugujiman -- nin ye ugujiman ye -- ugujima don

N r muguman ---- nin ye n r muguman ye ---- n r muguman don

Lankiriman ----- nin t bilenman ye ------ lankiriman don

Worojima

Sik l ma

baga

NB: In Mali for most people, mainly with old, rural or illiterate people there are only two concepts of colors:WHITE ( for bright ) and BLACK ( for dark ).


Touching or naming intimates parts in front of opposite sex can exposeto harassment.

Bulaman ------ nin ye bulaman ye -------- x bulaman don


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1. ka auxiliary

The ka auxiliary is used to express the english is/are in the affirmative.

The man is the negative form of ka and it expresses is/are not.


Subject + ka + adj Subject + man + adj

e.g: Mike Tyson ka surun. Magic Johnson man surun.Mike Tyson is short. Magic Johnson is not short.

Chart of exception

Chart of exception

As the title indicates, these are exception to the formation of adjectives in BambaraS V Adj S V N Adj. (man) S Adj. (man) VBob Ka bon Bob ye den belebele(ba) ye m g belebele dona Ka d g n a ye c fitini ye c fitini doni Ka jan i ye --- amanjan ye --- jamanjan dona Ka i a ye --- uman ye --- uman donn Ka kunba n ye --- kunbaba ye --- kunbaba dona Ka di a ye --- duman ye --- duman don--- Ka --- --- ye --- -------- ye --- -------- don

When you used a substantive ( noun ) to express is, the following is used:


Subject + ye + noun + adj( man ) + ye Subject + t + noun + adj(man) + ye

e.g: Mike Tyson ye c suru man ye. Mike Tyson t m g jman ye.Mike Tyson is a short man. Mike Tyson is not a white person.

NB: The ye... ye is negated in t ... ye .

2. The don is used to express is/are ( or it is, they are ) as in the following

examples:e.g: Mobili bilenman don ________ It is a red car.

Amerik n finman don ______ He/She is a black american.

NB: The negative of don is t

e.g: Mobili j man t ____________ It is not a white car.

Muso juguman t ___________ She is not a mean woman.


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3. Passive voice len/nen

In this Communicative Task you have been briefly introduced to the BambaraPassive voice . In the following sentence occurred: Karam g j len don kalanso k n . J is the

root of the verb stand. j len is a Passive voice .Passive voice are not used to describe actions, but to describe the state achieved

upon completion of the action. The Passive voice is formed for all verbs without exceptionwith the verb root plus the suffix len (which becomes nen in nasal environments.)

e.g: ka j ___ j len ka s g n ___ s g nnen


Subject + Verb + len / nen + don Subject + Verb + len / nen + t

Karam g j len don kalanso k n . Kalandenw s g nnen t .

Interrogative Form:

Subject + Verb + len / nen + don (wa)? Subject + Verb + len / nen + t (wa)?

Kalandenw j len don kalanso k n wa? Kalandenw s g nnen t ?


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IV IV IV IV- -- - EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES EXERCISES Identify each part of the body according to the following indications: .

1 __ bolokala 4 __ n nk n 2 __ senkala 3 __ bolokan5 __ tulo 6 __ nun 7 __ kunbere 8 __ kamankun9 __ senk niw 10 __ woro 11 __ da 12 __ 15 __ k n 13 __ senkuru 14 __ bolonk ni 16 _ k 17 __ sent g w 19 __ ten 18 __ t g k 20 __ kan


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Do as in these examples ( using the modified adjectives).

EX .: Nin dute ka gonin . ___ Dute gonin(man) don

1-Nin muso ka i ________________________________

2-Nin c

ka surun ________________________________3-Nin jiri ka jan. ________________________________

4-Nin ji ka suman ________________________________

5-Nin namasa ka di _______________________________

6-Nin jiriden ka kumun ____________________________

7-Nin s g n ka ca _________________________________

8-Nin so ka bon _________________________________

9-Nin mobili ka dogon _______________________________10-Nin c ka kunba ________________________________

Do as in these examples ( using the passive voice).

EX: A fa ka k r ___________A fa k r len don .

Bob kunsigi man fin _____A kunsigi finnen t .

1.I ka mobili ye bilenman ye wa? ______________________________

2.A c man k r . _________________________________________

3.Madu fari ka fin.___________________________________________

4.Umaru kunsigi man j . _____________________________________

5.Nin lenmuru ka kumun wa? ________________________________

6.Nin so man f r . ___________________________________________

7.N nison ka di bi.__________________________________________


1-She's a tall, dark woman. _____________

2-She and her husband are really good people. ______________

3- They have a blue car. ______________________________

4-They are always happy. _____________________________


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Describe your charming prince/the lady you dream of .

Describe a person of your choice. Then, draw him/her respecting yourdescription.

Make the portrait of the following persons:- The chief of the village or the iman, or the womens or youths leader;- One or more trainers of the pre-service training.

Describe the tastes of two foods and two drinks. One of each that you like andone of each that you don't like. Present your description.

Visit 2 or3 different places in Bamako. For each place, record whether it's a bigor small one, whether there are lots of people there or not. In short, describe eachone of the places visited. Present the results to the class and ask questions on thesubject.

TDA TDA TDA TDA With the help of a family member:

Identify at least two (2) or three (3) child frequent sicknesses in this season.


Name some parts of the body: YES___ NOT YET ___ Describe a person, using both physical and moral aspect: YES__ NOT YET _ Name the main characteristics of an object or a thing: YES__ NOT YET __

Describe a place: YES___ NOT YET ___


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Communicative Task: FARIKOLO LAHALAW DESCRIBING ONES MENTAL AND PHYSICAL STATE

Objectives:

1. Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, five (5) common sicknesses in Maliwithout his/her notes.

2. Each trainee will be able to ask, at least, one accurate question to getinformation about someones physical state without help.

3. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to formulate two (2) or three(3) blessings to a sick person.

__Ablo ni Musa b min? __Ablo ye j n ye? __Mun b Musa la?

Cultural Notes :

1. We care about sick people and say them blessings. Its very important topay visit to a sick person like a friend, a relative, a colleague or aneighbour.

2. Usually we dont talk openly about sexual diseases and we talk aboutpregnancy only with women we joke with.

3. Gaining weight is a sign of wealth and health while loosing weight is asign of problems.

4. We generally use natural/traditional medicine before going to the healthcentre.


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I II I- -- - DIALOG DIALOG DIALOG DIALOG 1-

: I ni , Bakari. I nis n man di, mun b'i la?

: N fari man di n na.

: I y r jum n b'i dimi?

: N in de b n dimi kojugu bi.

: I ye fura ta wa?

: Ayi, n b na taa d g t r so la.

: Ala ka n g yak , k'a ban pewu!

: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw min .

: Amiina.

2- : I ni , Bakari. Munna an mi ye sur ?

: N tun man k n .

: Ee! Mun tun bi la?

: N kungolo ye n dimi kojugu kunun wulada.Suf , n ma se ka sun g , n fari b tun ka kalan.

: O b s r sumaya ye d ?

: N hakili la, a b s r o ye. N b na taa d g t r so la.

: I .

: Ti ! N b na sange sulen damad inin n ka denbaya ye.

Ola, sumaya ni bana mis nw t na an t r .

: Ala ka n g yak , ka t r d g ya!

: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw min .

: Amiina.


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bana Sickness/disease banabagat (banabaat ) a sick personk n ya (Good)health bolodimi sore-arm k dimi backachek n dimi stomachache kandimi stiffneck dimi sore-eye

indimi toothache sendimi sorefootkungolodimi b x la/na x has a headache

NB: In these expressions it says: sickness is at the person

dimi translates - ache

kungolo b a dimi x head is aching him/herN in b n dimi my tooth is aching me

NB: This means person's part of body is hurting : him/her

MOST COMMON DISEASES: MOST COMMON DISEASES: MOST COMMON DISEASES: MOST COMMON DISEASES:

k n boli diarrhea t k t k ni dysentery sumaya malariamurafarigan flu

S g s g b Paul la Mura b Tom la Kungolodimi b John la Paul has a cough Tom has a cold John has a headache

K n dimi b Lucie la Farigan b Sarah la Lucie has stomachache Sarah has a fever


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n man k n I am sicki y r jum n b'i dimi? Which part of your body is hurting you?i fan jum n b'i dimi? Which part of your body is hurting you? mun bi la ? What is the matter with you? k ng b x la/na x is hungrysalaya lazyn s g nnen don I am tiredn t r len don I am painedn degunnen don I am sufferingn dusukasilen don I am sadn nis n ka di I am happyn nis n diyalen t I am not happyfosi/Foyi t x la x has nothing

SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES: SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES: SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES: SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES:

k ng hungry min g thirsty

funteni hot n n cold

DUGAW DUGAW DUGAW DUGAW BLESSINGS BLESSINGS BLESSINGS BLESSINGS

Ala ka n g yak May God grant relief.Ala k'a t r d g ya ... May the pain lessen.Ala ka sini fisaya ni bi ye May tomorow be better than todayAla k'i segin i y r ma May you come back to yourselfAla k'a k jurumu kafari ye May it be a sin expiator.Ala ka dugaw jabi May God answer the blessings


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SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY: SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY: SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY: SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY:

banakis microbebanaba leprosybanakunb n prevention

k

n

yaji oral rehydration waterk n yaba(ga)t a healthy persondusukundimi palpitationkumabin migrainesumu dental decaysumuni boiljoli a woundn puskank n dimi/mimi sorethroatkaba ringworm

fa madnessjawuli scatteredbrainhakiliwuli mental fatiguex k salen (don) x is energylessx walakalen (don) x open, extravertmun ye x s r ? what happened to xmun binna/cunna x kan? what struck x?mun g r g r ye x s r ? what unexpected thing (mishap) happened to xk'i mun to apply an ointmentk'i digidigi to get a massage

k'i wusu to transpire through smoke or vapourk'i furak to cure oneselfka sogolik to get an injectionka bi turu to give an injection(muso) jiginninso maternityd k t r doctord k t r so hospitalka fura ta to take pillska furakis kunun to take a pillka furaji min to drink (a drinkable)

k'i boloci to get vaccinatedka pikirik to get an injection


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Here are some ways to say that someone is (not) sick.


Part of body + dimi + b + Pers. + la / na Part of body + dimi + t + Pers. + la / na

Kungolo dimi b John la. K dimi t Sarah la.

Interrogative Form:

Part of body + dimi + b + Pers. + la (wa)? Part of body + dimi + t + Pers. + la (wa)?

Kungolo dimi bi la wa? Mura t Tom la?

THE IMPERFECT TENSE: Tun b

NB: tun b / tun t is the auxiliary element for the Imperfect tense in Bambara. Affirmative form: Negative form:

Suj + tun b + obj + Verb Suj + tun t + obj + Verb

Soso tun b Bakari cin su o su. Bakari tun t sange sulen siri.

Kalandenw tun b kalank don go don. U tun t baarak sanu ka na Mali la.

Interrogative Form:

Suj + tun b + obj + Verb (wa)? Suj + tun t + obj + Verb (wa)?

Soso tun b Bakari cin su o su? Bakari tun t sange sulen siri wa?

Kalandenw tun b yaala Ameriki k s b wa? U tun t sun g joona suf ?

NB: tun ka / tun man is the auxiliary element for the Imperfect tense with adjectives in Bambara.


Suj + tun ka + Adj Suj + tun man + Adj

A tun ka di It was good/pleasant. A tun man di.


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A: Are you sick? ________________?

B: Yes, I am sick. _________________.A: What do you have? __________________?

B: I have a cold. ______________.

A: Do you need pills? ________________?

B: No, thank you. ___________. I am tired. ____________. I am sleepy. ____________.

A: May the pain lessen. ___________________.

B: Amen. ____________________________.

Refering to the picture make a dialog between Fanta and Ablo

: I ni , Fanta. I nis n man di, mun b den na?

: A fari man da la.

:

:

:

:


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Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary .

Tuma min, n _______ camanc lak li la, n _______ kegun d ni.N _______ marabatiga cimin kalanso k n .N _______ (neg) taa farikolo anaj k y r la tuma b .

Ne ni n teriw _______ taa kalanso k f ka sigar ti min.N _______ basik ti ton na, nka n _______ npogotigininw laj d r n.N _______ (neg) kalank k s b nka n _______ ko di karam g ye.N _______ karam g w d m ka kalansow lab n. O k s n, u hakili la n _______kalanden uman ye.

Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary .

Sur n ____ dakabana sogo k . N ____ mobili kura d boli la.N ____ c k r nin d ye sira kan n f . A _______ ka sira tig fali kan.C k r nin ___ n ye nka a t m n __ a ka sira f .N ___ a inin ka mobili laj nka a f r nw ____ (neg ) s n.N ____ __ a f ka kule nka n da ____ (neg ) se ka y l .Mobili ____ __ ka girin. N ____ ___ c k r nin faga wa?Y r nin kelen, mobili j ns n __ .N ___ n y r s r , n sigilen dugumakolo kan; mobili walan ___ n bolo k n .C k r nin ___ n laj i na f foyi ___ (neg) k .A ___ n ininka, E ___ taa min tan?


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Say how the person in each of these picture is feeling.

1. _______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________________

6. _______________________________________________________________

7. _______________________________________________________________

8. _______________________________________________________________

9. _______________________________________________________________

10. _______________________________________________________________


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Refering to the picture do the following matching:

Treated mosquito net Sange sulen

1 Sange su ji la, a y l ma si caman fa ka ji min miniti 5 k n .

2 I t

g

w ni tasaba ko ku j

ni safin

ye.

3 Sange f ns n sumaman y r la, ka laja.

4 Sani ka damin , ganw don.

5 Ji t ni ganw k ding k n , walima u fili g n k n .

6 I ka sange sulen siri, i ka sun g i lakananen.

7 Ji litiri 1 k tasaba k n .

8Bul ku kis k ji la, a ka yelen.

9 Ji ni bul ku agami.


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TDA TDA TDA TDA With the help of a family member:

Identify at least four (4) activities of a man and five (5) activities of a womanduring day time.

SELF EVALUATION SELF EVALUATION SELF EVALUATION SELF EVALUATION I can: Name some diseases: YES___ NOT YET ___ Describe the state of my health. YES __ NOT YET__ Talk about my mental state. YES __ NOT YET__ Give blessings to a sick person. YES __ NOT YET__


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I II I- -- - TEXT TEXT TEXT TEXT Musow ka baara dugumis nw k n .

Dugumis nw k n , musow ka baara ka ca. U b wuli kabini fajiri. U b f l ka ji b k l nna. U b tasuma m n ka koliji kalaya. U b y r w furan ka s ro ka daraka tobi. Daraka manadun, u b minan n g w ko. U b susulik , u b fini n g w ko, u b denw ladon.

Mali dugumis n musow s g nnen!


fajiri dawn (sunrise) selifana around 2 PM.tilegan the heat of the day la(g)ansara around 4 PM.fitiri dusk (sunset) saafo around 8 PM.g r n club kI lafi to rest ki yalayala to have a walk ka taa foro la to go to the fieldka s n k to farm ka so j to build a houseka te wuli to make tea ka marasi b to play cards.ka bal n tan to play football. ka m nnik to fish.ka n nnik to swim. k'i n n to swim.k'i naj to have fun ka soli ka to do something early in

the morning.ka f l ka to begin by/with ka laban ka to finish by/theno k after it/that ka inin ka to try toka s r ka then ka tila ka to finish bykabini since fo till.

sani (yani) before, since f l / f l f l first/at first/longago/formerlynt n n Monday tarata Tuesdayaraba Wednesday alamisa Thursdayjuma Friday sibiri Saturdaykari/dimasi Sunday don o don/don go don every days g ma o s g ma every morning joona early, quickly


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THE HYPOTHETICAL FUTURE: with mana

NB: mana is the auxiliary that marks what is called the hypothetical future in Bambara. It is oftenused like a conditional sentence with if, when or whenever in English.

Mana is always found in a subordinate clause in Bambara.

e.g: , . , .

Affirmative form:

Subj + ma na + (obj) +Verb + Subj + b (na) + (obj) + Verb

Fanta mana daraka dun, a b (na) minan n g w ko. If Fanta eats breakfast, she will wash the dishes.

Subj + ma na +Verb + Subj + b (na) + (obj) + Verb

Fanta mana wuli, a b (na) ji b k l n na.If Fanta gets up, she will draw water from the well.

Negative form:

NB: mana is not used in the negative form. The negative form is used with ni.

THECONDITIONAL TENSE: with ni

NB: When the past occurs with ni in the firts clause, it is not referring to past action but rather tosomething that will have happened in the future.

Affirmative form:

Ni + Subj + (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + b (na) + (obj) + Verb

Ni Fanta ye daraka dun, a b (na) minan n g w ko..If Fanta eats breakfast, she will wash the dishes.

Negative form:

Ni + Subj + ma (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + t (na) + (obj) + Verb

Ni Fanta ma minan n g w ko , a t (na) i lafi .If Fanta does not wash the dishes, she will not take a rest.


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CONTREFACTUAL CONDITIONAL:

NB: In contrefactual conditional sentences that involve tun plus the completive in the first clause.The second clause can be compled with the future auxiliary b na or t na preceded by tun .

Ni + Subj + tun + (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + tun b na / t na + (obj) + Verb

Ni n tun ye wari s r , n tun b na mobili sanIf I had gotten money, I would have bought a car.

Ni n tun taa ra , an tun t na g n ye.If I had gone, we wouldnt have seen each other.


Arrange the scrambled words in the boxes to form complete sentences1

2

3

4

e.g.: , . , ( ) .

1 , .

2 , .

3 , .

4 , .

5 , .


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Transform the following sentences into the negative form.

e.g.: N b mobili s r , n b taa Bamako.Ni n ma mobili s r , n t taa bamako.

1- Baara b

jigin, an b

marasi b ______________________________________________2- N b soli ka wuli, n b fini n g w ko. ________________________________________

3- Fitiri b se, u b taa misiri la. _______________________________________________

4- Stage b ban, an b nis ndiya. _____________________________________________

5- An b surafana dun, an b te wuli. ___________________________________________

e.g.: B ,

, ( ) .1 , .

2 , .

3 , .

4 , .

5 B , .

Complete the following sentences according to the structure of conditional:

1- Fanta mana ji b k l n na, a ( ka minan n g wko )._____________________________

2- Fanta mana minan n g w ko, a ( k'i lafi d ni ).______________________________

3- Fanta man'i lafi d ni, a (ka taa l g ini ).__________________________________

4- Fanta ka baara mana ban, a ( k'i da ka sun g ).________________________________

3- Ni "stage" banna, a ( ka taa an ka duguw la ).__________________________________

4- Ni Fanta denw ye tilelafana dun, u ( ka taa l g ini ).__________________________

Turn the following sentences into the negative form:

1- Ni Fanta ye tasuma m n , a b ji kalaya._______________________________________

2- A ma

Bambara Manual 2

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Transcript of Bambara Manual 2