Day 104: Empire and ExpansionBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

February 14, 2011A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

Objectives: Students will:Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and

turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century.Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes

of the Spanish-American War.Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War,

especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines.Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing

arguments in the debate about imperialism.AP Focus

Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century.

Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion.Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the

United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the Spanish-American War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific, the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.

Empire and Expansion

CHAPTER THEMESIn the 1890s, a number of economic and

political forces sparked a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories.

In the wake of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and sometimes controversial new policy of asserting America’s influence abroad, particularly in East Asia and Latin America.

Chapter Focus

Focus Questions Chapter 27 Due WednesdayDecades Chart 1890’s Dues Today.

Announcements

Reasons for overseas expansion1. Foreign markets2. Expand or explode3. Yellow journalism4. Pious missionaries5. Social Darwinism6. Captian Alfred Thayer Mahan’s-new steel navy7. Big Sister policy-rallying Latin American countries

behind U.S. leadership and opening markets to U.S. traders

8. Diplomatic crises9. Great Rapprochement

America Turns Outward

Hawaii served as a way station/provisioning point for U.S. shippers/sailors/whalers

1840’s-State department warns others 1887-Pearl HarborDisease killed many HawaiiansSugar lords imported Asians to work the landWorries that Japan might intervene1890 McKinley tariff killed sugarU.S. planters wanted annexation1893-planters led revolt with unauthorized use of U.S.

military by the minister in HonoluluCleveland did not push annexation

Spurning the Hawaiian Pear

Revolted against Spain in 1895Sugar was hurt by the American tariff of 1894Insurrectos torched sugar mills/canefields and some

American interestsLodge identified the importance of Cuba/Panama canalButcher WeylerYellow journalismDe Lome letterBattleship Maine to CubaApril 11, 1898-McKinley sends war message to CongressTeller Amendment-Cuban self-rule

Cubans Rise in Revolt

Roosevelt sent, without Navy Secretary Long’s permission, George Dewey to the Philippines in the event of war

Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet but could not storm the forts of Manila

American forces captured Manila on August 13 with help from Emilio Aguinaldo

Hawaii’s importance seen and annexed on July 7, 1898

Dewey’s May Day Victory in Manila

American army sent in from the rearLed by General William R. Shafter

unequipped for war in the tropicsRough Riders

Colonel Leonard WoodLieutenant Colonel Roosevelt

FightingEl CaneyKettle Hill

August 12, 1898 armisticeAmericans hurt by disease

400 died from battle5,000 died from disease

The Confused Invasion of Cuba

Treaty of ParisU.S. received: Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines ($20 million, captured after the armistice)

McKinley confronted with dilemma over Philippines

Philippine acquisition caused much debateAnti-Imperialist LeagueWhite-man’s burden

America’s Course (Curse?) of Empire

Foraker Act-limited degree of popular government for Puerto Rico

Citizenship in 1917Question: Are we citizens or are we subjects?

Insular casessubject to American rule but not all American rights

Cubaended yellow fever in HavanaU.S. withdrew in 1902 after supporting CubaPlatt Amendment

not to sign treaties that would compromise their independence

not to take on debtU.S. intervene with troopssell/lease land to U.S. for naval stations

Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba

War on 1898113 days“a spendid little war”new respect in the worldclosed the divide between the North and Southmore resources to pay for its new status

New Horizons in 2 Hemispheres

Begin Reading second ½ of Chapter 27 page 685-696

Prepare for 5 question quiz on TuesdayFocus questions for chapter 27 due

Wednesday

Homework