Baltic Sea Environment Program
description
Transcript of Baltic Sea Environment Program
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GEFGEFBaltic Sea Regional Baltic Sea Regional
ProjectProject
Inesis Kiskis, World BankInesis Kiskis, World Bank
Jan Thulin, ICESJan Thulin, ICES
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GEF/Baltic Sea Regional Project
The Baltic Sea Environment Program is a regional environmental
program that has progressed from “planning” to “implementation.”
Baltic Sea Environment Program
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Why a Baltic Sea Environment Program?
* Since 1950 the environmental * Since 1950 the environmental quality of the Baltic Sea has quality of the Baltic Sea has considerably degradedconsiderably degraded
* Baltic Sea is a source of well * Baltic Sea is a source of well being of 85 million peoplebeing of 85 million people
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Natural vulnerabilitiesNatural vulnerabilities Human contribution:Human contribution:
– Large nutrient loadsLarge nutrient loads– Accumulation of toxic substancesAccumulation of toxic substances
What Triggered Degradation?
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Inadequate economic policiesInadequate economic policies Legislation without appropriate Legislation without appropriate
enforcementenforcement Weak institutional arrangementsWeak institutional arrangements Poor planning practicesPoor planning practices
Underlying Causes of Degradation
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HELCOM established to coordinate joint HELCOM established to coordinate joint activitiesactivities
Joint Comprehensive Environmental Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Program (JCP) prepared at request Action Program (JCP) prepared at request of governments in early 1990sof governments in early 1990s
Need for action
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Prioritization of activities
* 132 “hot spots” identified* 132 “hot spots” identified
* One can not do everything at * One can not do everything at onceonce* Source-point pollution vs. non-* Source-point pollution vs. non-point point pollution: load pollution: load contribution is equalcontribution is equal* Decision: municipal and industrial * Decision: municipal and industrial
sources are “easier” to start sources are “easier” to start withwith
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What was done?
* A number of water and wastewater * A number of water and wastewater facilities in Eastern Baltic cities facilities in Eastern Baltic cities
upgradedupgraded* Pollution load significantly * Pollution load significantly reducedreduced* Water companies strengthened * Water companies strengthened
institutionallyinstitutionally
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E fflu en t L o ad f ro m D au g av p ils to R iv er D au gav a
34 00
28 40
11 00
15 30
8 10
80
9 3011 30
14 5015 2017 30
2334313429393638464855 92
2 182 312 071 752 362 052 322 472 882 95
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
3 5 0 0
4 0 0 0
1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
t/y
E ff lue nt lo ad B O D , t/y
E ff lue nt lo ad P . t/y
E ff lue nt lo ad N , t/y
Example – Daugavpils, Latvia
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Effluent Load, Klaipeda
3035
4122
3205
592
189 181
4902
2722
29853175
3192
918
1210
775 776 763
664
764
350 242228138 111 79 87 96 90 9052
32 230
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ton
s/y
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BOD7 t/y
Nitrogen (N) t/y
Phosphorus (P) t/y
Example – Klaipeda, Lithuania
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Shared visionShared vision Sustained political commitmentSustained political commitment Effective partnershipsEffective partnerships Balanced co-financingBalanced co-financing
What was needed to succeed?
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Well defined objectives and prioritiesWell defined objectives and priorities Clear policy frameworksClear policy frameworks Institutional strengtheningInstitutional strengthening Well targeted investmentsWell targeted investments
What did we learn?
Investment is not the only Investment is not the only answer for achieving the goals of answer for achieving the goals of the Programthe Program
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Second Generation of Projects to address the major threats to the Baltic Sea:
Rural Environmental Protection Project, Poland
Baltic Sea Regional Project, Baltic Sea Regional Project, all 9 countriesall 9 countries
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Baltic Sea: Main Baltic Sea: Main CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Semi-enclosed brackish water Semi-enclosed brackish water areaarea
Persistent vertical stratificationPersistent vertical stratification Residence time of water volume: Residence time of water volume:
30 yrs30 yrs Large-scale renewal of bottom-Large-scale renewal of bottom-
water: unpredictable - often water: unpredictable - often stagnation periodsstagnation periods
Plants/animals: low numbers, Plants/animals: low numbers, stressedstressed
Low water temperature causing Low water temperature causing low decomposition ratelow decomposition rate
Large catchment area with land-Large catchment area with land-used activities strongly used activities strongly influencing the water quality - influencing the water quality - population - 85 millionpopulation - 85 million
Sweden
Finland
Estonia
Russia
Latvia
Lithuania
PolandGermany
Denmark
Norway
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Major Threats to the Baltic Sea:Major Threats to the Baltic Sea:
Eutrophication
Contaminants
Overfishing
Invasive species
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Preparations for a GEF project:
HELCOM - IBSFC - ICES
National consultations
LME Workshop
Draft PIP
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Project componentsProject components
1 Large Marine Ecosystem Activities
2 Land and Coastal Management Activities
3 Institutional Strengthening and Regional Capacity Building
4 Project Management
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GoalsGoals
* Facilitate strengthening of regional institutions through capacity building efforts
* Develop and apply an ecosystem-based management strategy to the BSLME
* Assess and evaluate the socio-economic effects of the ecosystem-based management for farming, fishing and coastal communities
* Inform and engage stakeholders and decision-makers on the project approach and objectives
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Land
CoastalMarine
Training farmers
Grant/Credit on-farm invest-ments.
Modeling water quality and nutrient transport
Fish stock ass
Joint integrated fish stock ass. surveys
Ships of Opportunity
Improved fish landing statistics
Strengthening technical capacity, WS.s
Upgrade laboratories and ships
Improve scientific/and politicalcoordination
The Baltic LME conceptThe Baltic LME concept
CZMSalmon river rest.
MMED
Strengthening technical capacity
Improvement
Ecosystem
Socio-economyManagemen
t
Contaminants
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Organizational Chart Organizational Chart Baltic Sea Steering Group
HELCOM
ICES IBSFC
CoordinatorsC1 C2
Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland RussiaCC, LL, LIU CC, LL, LIU CC, LL, LIU CC, LL CC, LL, LIU
National Laboratories/authorities International Consultants
Baltic Sea Com.s/WG.s
Advisory ComEcosystem
Advisory ComEnvironment
Advisory ComFisheries
Period: 2003-2005 Budget: USD 12 millionPeriod: 2003-2005 Budget: USD 12 million
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Thank you for your attention