BALLOON + JET ENGINE
description
Transcript of BALLOON + JET ENGINE
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BALLOON +JET ENGINE
= QUALITATIVELY NEW TRANSPORTATION
MEAN ???????
NO !
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PARTIAL FACTORSMETHOD
+ COMPUTERS
= QUALITATIVELY NEW STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT CONCEPT ????? NO !
such as ECor LRFD
COMPUTERS
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PROBABILISTICMETHOD(such as SBRA)
+ COMPUTERS
=
QUALITATIVELY NEWSTRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT CONCEPT ??? YES!
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SBRA•Input variables are expressed by bounded non-parametric
histograms.•Reliability function is analyzed
by the designer using Monte Carlo method.
•Reliability is expressed by Pf < Pd, where Pf is the
probability of failure and Pd is the target probability given in
codes.
Pf = Σ / Σ < Pd
R – S = 0
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Computer Program AntHill for Windows
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What is the Load Duration Curve (LDC)?
Loading History ‚Sorted‘ History
LDC
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Load Duration Curves, LDC,and corresponding Histograms
Dead Short
Long
Wind
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Two - and More -Component Load Duration Curves
Wind Rosette
Wind Directonand
Wind Velocity
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One-component Load Effect Combination Analysis using Monte Carlo technique and
ResCom computer program
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Loading combination1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
D 100 85 70 55 40 25
LL 15 15 15 15 15
SL 15 15 15 15
SN 15 15 15
W 15 15
E 15Lo
ad
Cha
ract
eris
tic
Mag
nitu
des
[kN
]
Set A
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
110,00
120,00
130,00
140,00
150,00
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Loading combination no.
Lo
ad
[k
N]
ma
xim
um
0,999
0,995
0,990
LRFD
CAN
EUR
DIN -10,00
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
110,00
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Loading combination no.
Lo
ad
[k
N]
min
imu
m
0,999
0,995
0,990
LRFD
CAN
EUR
DIN
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Loading combination7. 8. 9. 10.
D 70 55 40 25
LL 30 45 60 75
SL
SN
W
ELo
ad
Cha
ract
eris
tic
Mag
nitu
des
[kN
]
Set B
120,00
125,00
130,00
135,00
140,00
145,00
150,00
155,00
160,00
7. 8. 9. 10.Loading combination no.
Lo
ad
[k
N]
ma
xim
um
0,999
0,995
0,990
LRFD
CAN
EUR
DIN
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
50,00
55,00
60,00
65,00
70,00
7. 8. 9. 10.
Loading combination no.
Lo
ad
[k
N]
min
imu
m
0,999
0,995
0,990
LRFD
CAN
EUR
DIN
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Loading combination34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
D 15 15 15 15 15
LL
SL
SN 15 30 45 60 75
W 70 55 40 25 10
ELo
ad
Cha
ract
eris
tic
Mag
nitu
des
[kN
]
Set H
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
110,00
120,00
130,00
140,00
150,00
34. 35. 36. 37. 38.Loading combination no.
Lo
ad
[k
N]
ma
xim
um
0,999
0,995
0,990
LRFD
CAN
EUR
DIN
-100,00
-90,00
-80,00
-70,00
-60,00
-50,00
-40,00
-30,00
-20,00
-10,00
0,00
10,00
34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
Loading combination no.
Lo
ad
[k
N]
min
imu
m
0,999
0,995
0,990
LRFD
CAN
EUR
DIN
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Probability of Failure Pf
0 ,000001
0 ,00001
0 ,0001
0 ,001
1 6 11 16 21 26
Kom binace zatížen í (...)
Pf
EC3 LRFD Odhad EC3 SBRA Odhad SBRA
stá lé a 1 nahod iléza tížení
s tá lé a 2 nahod iléza tížení
s tá lé a 3 nahod iléza tížení
s tá lé a 4 nahod iléza tížení
s tá lé a 5 nah.
za t.
s tá lé a 6 nah.
za t.
LRFD
SBRA
EC30.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.000001estimate
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Loads combination curves (G+Q)
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Qk/(Qk+Gk)
glo
ba
l s
afe
ty c
oe
ffic
ien
t
equ. 6.10
equ. 6.10a (VQ=20%)
equ. 6.10b (VQ=70%)
equ. 6.10b
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LOADS COMBINATION CURVES
1,20
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,45
1,50
1,55
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Qk/(Qk+Gk)
Ga
ma
(G+
Q)
VG=0,05 & VQ=0,2
VG=0,05 & VQ=0,7
VG=0,10 & VQ=0,7
VG =0,10 & VQ=0,2"
equ. 6.10
equ. 6.10bequ. 6.10a
equ. 6.10a amended
Formula are established w ith0,7 and 0,85
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Long+D
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,45
1,50
1,55
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20
0.9999
0.9995
0.9990
Short+D
1,20
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,45
1,50
1,55
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20
0.9999
0.9995
0.9990
SBRA
Dead + Long-Lasting
Dead +Short-Lasting
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(c)
D
L 1
S N
W X
S
L 2
W Z
30°
60°
60°
60°
W X
D
L 1
S N
W X
1 2
34
y
z
D
L 1
S N
S L 2
W Z
30°
60°
1 2
34
y
z
1 2
34
y
z
(a ) (b)
x x
x
y
z
b=
4mS
b=
4m
L2
a 6,928mS
c,3
09m
S
a ,309mL2
c,3
09m
L2
(a) N (b) N, Mx (c) N , Mx , My
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Combination of multi-
component load effects
Each Load Effect is expressed, for example,
by N, Mx and My
x - x
N, Mx, My
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S
Load Effect
Combination S
R - S = 0
Resistance R
R
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Definition of the ResistanceP
„Reference Level“ ???
USEABILITY
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Reference levels
a) Onset of yielding
b) Tolerable permanent deflection
Non-tolerable permanent deflection
d) Formation of the full plastic hinge
USEFULLNESS
c) Limited Damage
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Probability of Failure CASE
Reference level defined by
Steel beam Probability of Failure
(a)
Onset of yielding Elastic range 0.000293
< Pd
(b)
Tolerable permanent deformation
Acceptable permanent deformation
0.000044
< Pd
(c ) Tolerable Damage To be repaired or replaced
0.000015
< Pperf
(d) Collapse Disposal 0.000008
< ????
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Variabilities of yield stress, cross-section area, initial eccentricity and effect of residual stresses are expressed by bounded histograms:
Cross-section area Avar
Initial eccentricity eo Effect of residual stresses Resvar
Yield stress fy
Column Resistance: Variables
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Slenderness ratio
Str
ess
(N.m
m-2)
Variables:fy, eo, A, ..
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Target Probability Pd
according to CSN 73 1401-1998Importance
of theStructure
CarryingCapacity
Pd
Service-Ability
Pd
LessImportant
0,000 5 0,16
CommonStructures
0,000 07 0,07
VeryImportant
0,000 008 0,023
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SafetyAssessment
Using the Probabilistic Simulation-Based
Reliability Assessment Concept
1
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Target Probability Pd
according to CSN 73 1401-1998Importance
of theStructure
CarryingCapacity
Pd
Service-Ability
Pd
LessImportant
0,000 5 0,16
CommonStructures
0,000 07 0,07
VeryImportant
0,000 008 0,023
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Steel beam exposed to a combination of loads
Load Duration Curves and corresponding Histograms
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Dimensioning of a Beam
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Safety check of the steel beam(Pf,saf = 0,00003 < Pd,saf = 0,00007)
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Bar exposed to Tension and Compression
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Frame containing leaning columns
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Serviceability Assessment
Using the Probabilistic Simulation-Based
Reliability Assessment Concept
1
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STRUCTURAL SERVICEABILITY: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL AND RESEARCH NEEDS
By the Ad Hoc Committee on Serviceability Research, Committee on Research of the Structural Division
ABSTRACT: Serviceability limit states in building structures are conditions inwhich the functions of the building are disrupted during normal use by excessivedeformation, motion, or deterioration. As standards evolve toward probability-based limitstates design methods, serviceability issues are expected to become an increasinglyimportant design consideration.
This paper is part of the Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 112, No. 12, December, 1986©ASCE, ISSN 0733-9445/86/0012-2646/$01.00. Paper No. 21106.
Design Loads and Load CombinationsConsistent probability-based loads and load combinations should be developed forchecking applicable serviceability limit states.
Structural Load ModelingSimple load models that can be used for analyzing creep, differential settlement, and crackingshould be developed.
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Basic alternatives of serviceability reliability conditions (Cases 1 to 25)
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Target Probability Pd
according to CSN 73 1401-1998Importance
of theStructure
CarryingCapacity
Pd
Service-Ability
Pd
LessImportant
0,000 5 0,16
CommonStructures
0,000 07 0,07
VeryImportant
0,000 008 0,023
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Steel beam exposed to a combination of loads
Load Duration Curves and corresponding Histograms
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Serviceability Assessment of a steel beam
Application of a ‘blurred’ serviceability limiting value
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Frame containing leaning columns
SF= DELtol - DEL ( DELtol = 30 mm )
Serviceability assessment Pf = 0.037 < Pd = 0.070 O.K.
DEL
EXAMPLE 2
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DurabilityAssessment
Using the Probabilistic Simulation-Based
Reliability Assessment Concept
1
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R , S
00
0
P , P
0
P
P
T
T
SL
SL
Time
Time
P Pf
f
fd
d d
(a)
R , S
00
0
P , P
0
PT
T
SL
SL
Time
Time
P Pf
ff
d
d
d
(b)
R
S (t)
R , S
00
0
P , P
0
P
P
T
T
SL
SL
Time
Time
P Pf
ff
d
d
d
(c)
R (t)
S (t)
R , S
00
0
P , P
0
P
P
T
T
SL
SL
Time
Time
P Pf
f
f d
d
d
(d)
SF = (R (t) - S (t))
SF = (R - S (t))
SF = (R - S )
S F = (R (t) - S )
R
S
R (t)
S
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SBRA – From Components to Systems
1989 1999 2009 (?)
1 MIPS 5 102 MIPS > 10 GIPS
PC XT PENTIUM Hypercomputersand more
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How will look like the new generation of specifications and design tools?
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• Impact of computer technology • Reengineering of the design procedure• Application of powerful simulation techniques in
designer‘s work• From Components to Systems• New generation of specifications, application of
databases and information technology
• Education of designers: From deterministic to probabilistic ‘way of thinking‘
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSSUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS