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Ballast Water Management Convention – implementation highlights

Dandu PughiucHead, Marine Biosafety Section

International Maritime Organization

Antwerp, October 2012

Views expressed in this presentation are those of t he author and should not be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Secretariat.

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Presentation Overview

•Ships and invasive species •Need for a global approach – IMO’s response•The BWM Convention•The implementation Guidelines•Reception facilities •BWM Convention – ratification process•Availability of technologies•Conclusions and recommendations

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Shipping•Shipping carries 90%+ of world trade: raw materials and commodities, finished goods, foodstuffs, fuel•Underpins global economy and is essential for sustainable development•Is safe, secure and the most environmentally- friendly and fuel-efficient of all modes of transport

•However!

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Impacts

Ecological–new invasion every 9 weeks

Economical–losses in 100s of billions USD per year globally

Human health–Paralytic shell fish poisoning

–Cholera outbreaks

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Ships and invasive species

• IAS second greatest threat to global biodiversity

• 2010 – International year of biodiversity

– “Business as usual is not an option, new targets and a new vision is needed”

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

IAS-one of the greatest threats to the ecological and the economic well being of the planet.

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Global response to invasions

•UNCLOS (art. 196)

•UNCED 1992 •CBD•WSSD 2002•Rio+20 UNCSD•The future we want (164)

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All pointed at IMO?

• Need for standardization• One of the most active and

prolific agencies• More than 40 Conventions and

Protocols• Over 800 codes and

recommendations• Regulatory strategy

Safer ships….

…Cleaner oceans

Safer ships….

…Cleaner oceans

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IMO’s response

•Voluntary guidelines (IMO-MEPC 1991, IMO-Res. A.774(18) in 1993, IMO-Res. A.868(20) in 1997)

• Awareness raising• International treaty• Other shipping -related

vectors

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International Convention on Ballast Water Management

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The ‘unconventional’ Convention

• Multidisciplinary nature

• MARPOL format, but inspired from the LOS

• Equipment + impact on costal waters and risk assess ment

• Engineering challenges compounded by biology of mar ine organisms

• Tools to regulate the industry that can be adjusted

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Regulations Highlights

Section A - General ProvisionsSection B - Management and Control

Requirements for ShipsSection C - Special Requirements in

Certain AreasSection D - Standards for Ballast Water

Management (D -1 BWE and D -2 BWM)Section E - Survey and Certification

Requirements for Ballast Water Management

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IMO Technical Guidelines1. Guidelines for sediments reception facilities (G1)2. Guidelines for Ballast Water Sampling (G2)3. Guidelines for ballast water management equivalent compliance(G3) 4. Guidelines for Ballast Water Management and Development of Ballast

Water Management Plans (G4)5. Guidelines for ballast water reception facilities ( G5) 6. Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange (G6) 7. Guidelines for Risk Assessment under Regulation A-4 (G 7) 8. Guidelines for approval of Ballast Water Management Systems (G8)9. Procedure for Approval of BWM systems that make use of Active

Substances (G9)10. Guidelines for approval and oversight of prototype ballast water treatment

technology programmes (G10)11. Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange Design and Construction Standards

(G11)12. Guidelines for sediment control on ships (G12)13. Guidelines for additional measures including emergency situations (G13)14. Guidelines on designation of areas for ballast water exchange (G14)http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/BallastWaterManagement/Pages/BWMGuidelines.aspx

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Reception facilities(sediments)

• Art. 5, where , undue delay and safe disposal. Notification of inadequacy.

• Guidelines for sediment reception facilities (G1)• Uniform interface

• Logistics, capabilities

• Safety and health risks

• Training

Reception facilities (sediments)

• Regulation B-5, sediment management for ships (all ships shall…),

- undesirable entrapment

- facilitate removal- safe access

• Guidelines on design and construction to facilitate sediment control on ships (G12)

• Minimize uptake

• Drain holes

• Induced flow patterns 15

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Reception facilities(ballast water)

• BW reception facilities acknowledged in art. 10 and 14, non-mandatory

• Regulation B-3.6 exempts ships from b.w. treatment requirements if discharged to reception facilities.

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Guidelines for ballast water reception facilities (G5)

• World-wide uniform interface

• The facility should serve the ship

• Detailed planning of the facility (site selection, ships size, handling and storage, environmental impact, human health, safety, maintenance)

• Before discharge, treated to D-2 standard

• Capabilities and shore-to-ship communication

• Training

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Guidelines for ballast water reception facilities (G5)

• The need for “contingency measures” in ports

• Facility financing options and revenue generation

• Treatment v. discharge to existing sewers.

• Treatment systems for regulated pollutants/invasive species (Valdez, Scapa Flow)

• Land Based or Mobil (Barge Based) ?

• Industrial water for areas in need?

BWM Convention – ratification pace

• Constant pace• The number criterion

exceeded in 2011 • Geographical distribution:

Africa: 6, America: 7, Asia: 7, Australia: 6, Europe: 10

• Latest countries: Denmark and Russian Federation

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Num

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of c

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ries

Year

Status of ratification

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BWM Convention – ratification pace

•Barriers removed•Shipbuilding industry moves to proactive approach•Steep increase from 2007 to 2009•Shipping industry still reluctant (depressed markets)

…..more awareness raising may be needed

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50

100

150

200

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Gro

ss t

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(m

illi

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)

Year

Ratification pace

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Current status of the Convention

Entry into Force : 30 States / 35 % of the world’s merchant shipping gross tonnage

To date - ratified by 36 countries representing nearly 29.07 % of the world tonnage

http://www.imo.org/About/Conventions/StatusOfConventions/Pages/Default.aspx

Other countries have indicated their intention

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The technology is there!!

• 2004 no technologies available• 28 BWMS available “off the shelf” and many others in

the pipeline (http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/BallastWaterManagement/Pages/BWMTechnologies.aspx)

• International community acknowledged• The regulatory mechanism is in place and will soon

become functional• R&D community, manufacturers, testing facilities an d

the scientific community deserves proper recognitio n

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Industry’s response

• Recognized the problem at the early stage• Participated actively • Environmentally sound and technologically achievabl e

solutions• Major commitments – practical and economically viabl e• Proactive companies volunteered for testing• Some other companies still not decided

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Concluding remarks

• Introduction of IAS – undeniable threat• Number of invasions on the rise –reverse the trend• Invasions happening right now, silent, invisible• IAS do not recognize political boundaries• Sustain the momentum, continue research, share the

knowledge• Determination of IMO Members of paramount

importance. Act together and responsibly, and most importantly act NOW!

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Concluding remarks

• This instrument is beneficial for all concerned:• Enhanced protection of the marine environment• Conservation of biodiversity • Standardized approach for industry• Widely recognized level playing field for all• Certainty: regulatory mechanism in place…the

alternative patchwork of regulations

• Not perfect – amendments only after EIF (by Parties)

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Contact: Dandu PUGHIUC

Deputy Director Head, Marine Biosafety Section Marine Environment DivisionInternational Maritime OrganizationTel: +44 (0)20 7587 3247Fax: +44 (0)20 7587 3261Email: dpughiuc@imo.org

Thank you !Thank you !