BALKANMINE 2013 - Book of Abstracts

5th JUBILEE BALKAN MINING CONGRESS

BALKANMINE 2013

Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia

5th JUBILEE

BALKAN MINING CONGRESS

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

18th-21st September 2013

Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia

5th BALKAN MINING CONGRESS M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

O R G A N I Z A T I O N

INTERNATIONAL BALKANMINE CONGRESS COORDINATION COMMITTEE

Msc. Sasho JOVCHEVSKI - Macedonia

Msc. Marjan HUDEJ - Slovenia

Prof. Dr. - Serbia

Dr. Doru CIOCLEA - Romania

- Montenegro

Grad. Eng. Emmanouel FROGOUDAKIS - Greece

Dr. Tzolo VOUTOV - Bulgaria

- Bosnia and Herzegovina

Prof. Dr. Jani BAKALLBASHI - Albania

Prof. Dr. Tevfik GÜYAGÜLER - Turkey

BALKANMINE HONORARY COMMITTEE

Dejan BOSHKOVSKI, President

Jasna IVANOVA-DAVIDOVIC, Vice President

Zoran PANOV

Sonja LEPITKOVA

BALKANMINE CONGRESS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Sasho JOVCHEVSKI - AD ELEM

Blagoj GJORGIEVSKI - AD ELEM

Ljupcho TRAJKOVSKI - ZRGIM

Pece MURTANOVSKI - AD ELEM

Trifun MILEVSKI - AD ELEM

Maja JOVANOVA - AD ELEM

Zivko KALEVSKI - AD ELEM

Blagoja MITREVSKI - AD ELEM

Stefan CHETELEV - AD ELEM

Nikolajcho NIKOLOV - Bucim Radovish

Zlatko ILIJOVSKI - GIM

Ljubisha KOSTADINOV - GEING

Andrej KEPESKI-USJE

Goran POPOVSKI - Mermeren kombinat PP

Dragan DIMITROVSKI - Ministry of economy

Kosta JOVANOV - Ministry of economy

Gjorgi SOTIROVSKI - Inspektorat

Radmila KARANAKOVA-STEFANOVSKA - UGD Shtip

Nikolina DONEVA - UGD Shtip

Zoran KOSTOVSKI - Marmo Bjanko PP

Mile STEFANOVSKI - Banjani

Goran STOJKOVSKI - Larin Mramor PP

Lazar PONEV - Masinokop-Kavadarci

Borce GOCEVSKI - Rudnik Sasa

Biljana CRVENKOVSKA-JOVANOSKA - Zletovo i Toranica

Gorgi DIMOV - UGD Shtip

BALKANMINE CONGRESS SCIENTIFIC REVIEWERS

Prof. Dr. Zoran PANOV

Prof. Dr. Todor DELIPETROV

Prof. Dr. Zoran DESPODOV

Prof. Dr. Risto DAMBOV

Prof. Dr. Dejan MIRAKOVSKI

Prof. Dr. Milorad JOVANOVSKI www.balkanmine.mk [email protected]

ISBN 978-608-65530-0-5

All abstracts are designed and reviewed.

surnames, their titles and affiliations are written as given by the authors.

Authors have all rights and responsibilities for the published abstracts.

No part of this book may be reproduced, copied, adjusted or changed in any form or by any means without the permission by the authors or the publisher.

Photos on the cover: Track-type loader excavator at work - Dmitry Kalinovsky

Miner in a pit - NTRES Reuters Srdjan Zivulovic

Preface

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to wish you a warm welcome in Ohrid, the host city of the fifth Balkan Congress of mining BALKANMINE 2013. It is a privilege that Republic of Macedonia was chosen to be the organizer of the first anniversary of this eminent scientific event.

Regarding this year's congress, over 300 participants, experts in the field of mining from 14 countries will present 130 scientific papers representing the perspectives of mining in the wider region, and the application of the latest technologies in the economic activity of crucial importance for the future of energy in the Balkans.

Welcome to Ohrid, I wish you a pleasant stay and a successful business.

Good Luck!

President of the BALKANMINE Honorary Committee

Preface

Dear Colleagues,

During the past two years we worked with great pride and enthusiasm on the organization of the Fifth Balkan Congress of Mining in order to leave a mark in the history of the Balkan Mining.

We tried to include experts from the mining industry to elaborate 130 papers received from 14 countries and to make the Fifth richest Jubilee Congress in terms of incoming papers.

At the same time, a lot of companies which are included in the area of mining in Macedonia and abroad decided to present their products and services at the exhibition which is organized along with the Congress.

Macedonian pearl, Ohrid, is a place which could provide ideal conditions for working on the Congress and to welcome all the participants with its beautiful natural environment.

We are grateful to all board members, all participants and all companies which contributed to organizing of this Congress and leaving a mark in ten years work of Balkan Committee and BALKANMINE.

We wish a lot of happiness, health and success to all participants and others involved in the operation of the mining industry in our country and in the world.

Good Luck!

M.Sc. Sasho JOVCHEVSKI

Chairman of the International BALKANMINE

Congress Coordination Committee

MINE SURVEY ............................................................................................................................ 5

MINING AND SAFETY ............................................................................................................... 31

EXPLOITATION ......................................................................................................................... 39

GEOPHYSICS IN MINING ........................................................................................................ 49

COMPUTER INTEGRATED SYSTEMS .......................................................................................... 57

ROCK MECHANICS, MASSIF CONTROL AND SLOPE STABILITY ................................................... 63

BALKAN MINERAL INDUSTRY .................................................................................................. 81

SYSTEM ENGINEERING............................................................................................................. 84

MANAGEMENT AND MINING ECONOMICS ................................................................................ 86

MINERAL PROCESSING ...........................................................................................................101

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ............................................................................................110

RESTRUCTURING AND REENGINEERING .................................................................................127

LEGISLATION, NORMS AND EDUCATION .................................................................................131

EXPLOITATION OF SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES ......................................................................134

MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINE GEOLOGY ............................................................................146

HISTORY AND MINE EDUCATION .............................................................................................157

VIII 5th BALKAN MINING CONGRESS

M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

CONTENTS

MULTI-VARIABLE ASSESSMENT OF RISK IN SELECTION OF LOCATION AND THE WAY OF OPEN PIT MINES OPENING ................................................................................................................ 1 Dr. Milan MEDVED, mag. Ludvik GOLOB SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF VELENJE MINING METHOD AND ITS GLOBAL USE ................................................ 2 Prof. Dr. Tzolo VOUTOV, Prof. Dr. Petar DASKALOV SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIAN MINING INDUSTRY .............................................................................. 4

MINE SURVEY ............................................................................................................................. 5

EXAMINATION OF EXPLOSIVE AND FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES OF COAL FROM THE ....................................................................... 6 Milan PETROV Vladimir JOVA ENERGY CONVERSION OF MINERAL MATERIALS EXPOSED MECHANICAL ACTIVATION ............................................ 7 Dimitar ANASTASOV , Atanas MARINSKI, Kiril KUTSAROV

WHEN MINING OF RESERVES FROM METASOMATIC DEPOSITS IN LUCKY INVEST jsC ................................................ 8 Doru CIOCLEA, Ion TOTH, Ion GHERGHE, Cristian TOMESCU, Vlad Mihai PĂSCULESCU ANALYSIS OF AN UNDERGROUND EXPLOSION EFFECTS UPON THE VENTILATION NETWORKS .............................. 9 Metin OZDOGAN DRAG ENERGY CONSUMPTION PERCENTAGE (DECP) CONCEPT AS A TOOL FOR COMPARISON OF DIGGING DIFFICULTY (DD) AT DRAGLINE STRIPPING PANELS ........................... 10

Vencislav GRABULOV RELIABILITY FOR WELDED STRUCTURES OF BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATORS BASED ON THE COMPARISON OF OPERATIONAL AND CRITICAL STRESSES ............................................................ 11

INFLUENCE OF SIPX AND AP5500 COLLECTORS ON THE RECOVERY OF COPPER AND PRECIOUS METALS FROM ORE DEPOSIT TENKA-3 ....................................... 13

PETROVSKI DETERMINING INDIRECT DEPENDENCY OF PRODUCTION SEGMENTS

........................... 14

CONCEPTUAL SOLUTIONS OF THE MAIN MINING PROJECT OF THE OPEN PIT MINE UGLJEVIK ISTOK, MINE AND THERMAL PLANT UGLJEVIK REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA ...................................................... 15

B O O K O F A B S T R A C T S - C O N T E N T S


IX

EXAMINATION OF GAS-BEARING QUALITIES OF COAL AND ACCESSORY

REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA ..................................................................................... 16

METHANE INFLUENCE ON COAL DUST EXPLOSIVITY ........................................... 17 Nenad NEW PERSPECTIVE OPEN PIT MINES IN KOLUBARA LIGNITE BASIN IN SERBIA ......................................................... 18

IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH PRESSURE SORPTION INVESTIGATIONS OF COAL: CASE STUDY OF THE VELENJE LIGNITE ......................................................................................................................... 19

MONITORING AND PREDICTING SURFACE MOVEMENTS IN THE VELENJE COAL MINE AREA .................................. 20 Vujadin ALEKSIC, Srdjan BULATOVIC, Ljubica MILOVIC NDT IN FUNCTION PREVENTION OF LOSS INTEGRITY OF STRUCTURES LARGE DIMENSIONS ................................. 21 Naim BAFTIU STORAGE AND PARAMETERS FRESH GRACE RECLAMATION POWER PLANTS KOSOVO .......................................... 22 Prof. Stoyan CHRISTOV, dipl. eng. Delcho NIKOLOV STRATEGY AND TACTICS AT DESIGNING AND EXPLOITATION OF DEEP OPENCAST MINES .................................... 23 Stojance MIJALKOVSKI, Zoran DESPODOV, Dejan MIRAKOVSKI, Marija HADZI-NIKOLOVA, Nikolinka DONEVA, Borce GOCEVSKI MINING METHOD SELECTION FOR DEEPER PARTS - MINE ..................... 24 Snezana VUKOVIC, Nenad VUSOVIC, Dejan PETROVIC, Andja SPASIC, Radoje PANTOVIC THERMOVISION MONITORING OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN FIRE PREVENTION ............................................. 25 Vladan KASIC, Zivko SEKULIC, Slavica MIHAJLOVIC, Vladimir JOVANOVIC, Radule TOSOVIC ANALYSIS OF UP-TO-DATE RESEARCH OF GOLD-BEARING ALLUVIUM DEPOSITS FROM THE RIVER PEK-EAST SERBIA ............................................................................................................................... 26

CHOICE OF OBJECTS FOR PROTECTION OF FLYING ASH AND BOTTOM ASH DEPOSITS FROM WATER ................ 27

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF VALORIZATION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE RAW MATERIAL FR ..................................................................................................... 28 Risto DAMBOV, Todor DELIPETROV, Marjan DELIPETROV, Ilija DAMBOV ANALYSIS OF THE OBTAINED STATISTICAL MEASUREMENT VALUES OF SEISMICAL BLASTING TREMORS ........... 29

UNDERGROUND PIT EXPLORATION IN THE ........................ 30

MINING AND SAFETY ............................................................................................................... 31

DRILLING FLUIDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ........................................................................................................ 32 Ion TOTH, Constantin LUPU, Doru CIOCLEA, Cristian TOMESCU, Ion GHERGHE INCREASING THE SAFETY LEVEL IN HARD COAL EXPLOITATION THROUGH INNOVATIVE RESEARCH ................... 33

EVALUATION OF THE EXTERNAL RISKS IN THE COAL MINING COMPANY KOSTOLAC, SERBIA................................ 34

ON CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES AND ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................... 35


X 5th BALKAN MINING CONGRESS

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Dejan MIRAKOVSKI, Marija HADZI-NIKOLOVA, Nikolinka DONEVA, Stojance MIJALKOVSKI, Gorgi VEZENKOVSKI MINERS` EXPOSURE TO GASEOUS CONTAMINATES CURRENT SITUATION AND LEGISLATION .............................. 36

MULTI-VARIABLE ASSESSMENT OF RISK IN SELECTION OF LOCATION AND THE WAY OF OPEN PIT MINES OPENING .............................................................................................................. 37

EXPLOITATION ......................................................................................................................... 39

CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES AT PREMOGOVNIK VELENJE ....................................................................................... 40 MSc Trajche BOSHEVSKI, Prof. D-r Risto R. DAMBOV USAGE OF EMULSION EXPLOSIVES - SKOPJE ................................................. 41 Diana TASHEVA, Zdravko ILIEV ANALYSIS OF OSCILLATIONS IN THE SLEWABLE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE Sch Rs 1200M BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR ................................................................................................... 42 Dr. Stefan HINTERHOLZER

BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR BY SANDVIK ........................................................ 43 Shaip LATIFI, Ahmet TMAVA, Ibush JONUZI PHENOMENON OF STONE THROWING IN OPEN CAST MINING AND QUARRIES ....................................................... 44

FGD GYPSUM TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES AT SERBIAN THERMAL POWER PLANTS .................... 45

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MINING MECHANIZATION DELAYS IN SURFACE MINE DEPARTMENT OF BLACK COAL MINE BANOVICI ........................................................................... 46

SHAFT SINKING AT VELENJE COAL MINE ...................................................................................................................... 47 M EXCAVATION OF OVERBURDEN IN THE WATERED WORKING AREA ABOVE THE ROOF OF COAL ................................................................... 48

GEOPHYSICS IN MINING ........................................................................................................... 49 Blagica DONEVA, Marjan DELIPETREV, Todor DELIPETROV, Zoran PANOV USING SEISMIC METHODS FOR DEFINING OPTIMAL PARAMETERS FOR BLASTING.................................................. 50 Marjan DELIPETREV, Sanja POSTOLOVA, Blagica DONEVA, Gorgi DIMOV, Todor DELIPETROV APPLYING GEOMAGNETIC RESEARCH METHOD IN ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS OF GOLD .................................................. 51 Zoran PANOV, Risto POPOVSKI, Radmila KARANAKOVA STEFANOVSKA APPLICATION OF GEOELECTRICAL RESEARCH IN WORKING ENVIRONMENT FOR SLOPE STABILITY IN SURFACE MINES ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................... 52

RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES TO SEISMIC EFFECTS OF BLASTING IN THE VICINITY OF SURFACE MINING ............................................................................................. 53 Vladimir MANEVSKI, Todor DELIPETROV, Blagica DONEVA, Marjan DELIPETROV, Gorgi DIMOV GEO-ELECTRICAL MODELS BASED ON DATA GAINED FROM ..................................... 54 Todor DELIPETROV, Krsto Blazev, Blagica DONEVA, Marjan DELIPETREV, Gorgi DIMOV APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS IN EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS ..................................................................................................... 56



XI

COMPUTER INTEGRATED SYSTEMS .......................................................................................... 57 Aleksandar KRSTEV, Boris KRSTEV, Blagoj GOLOMEOV, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA, Afrodita ZENDELSKA, Zivko GOCEV, Jordan ZIVANOVIK THE KINETIC MODELING FROM DOMESTIC ORES USING SOFTWARE TOOLS ............................................................ 58 T. PENZOV, H. NONCHEV, I. LALOV MICROPROCESSOR CONTROL SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF ORE-GRINDING PROCESS IN SEMIAUTOGENOUS MILL ........................................................................................... 59 V. F. SKOROKHODOV, M. S. KHOKHULYA, A. S. OPALEV, V. V. BIRUKOV, R. M. NIKITIN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AS THE RESEARCH TOOL FOR MINERALS SEPARATION PROCESSES ........... 60 Elena GELOVA, Aleksandar KRSTEV, Jordan ZIVANOVIK, Aleksandra STOJANOVA THE CONVEX PROGRAMMING ......................................................................................................................................... 61 Yordanka ANASTASOVA, Nikolay YANEV, Kantcho IVANOV APPLICATIONS OF MS PROJECT FOR CREATION AND MANAGEMENT SCHEDULES OF MINING ACTIVITIES........... 62

ROCK MECHANICS, MASSIF CONTROL AND SLOPE STABILITY .............................................. 63 Prof. Georgi MIHAYLOV, Assoc. Proc. Georgi TRAPOV, Mariana TRIFONOVA ANALYSIS OF STATE OF STRESS AND DEFORMATION OF THE MASSIF TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION PROBABILISTIC NATURE OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................. 64 MSC, Ing. Ylli KOTEMELO, dr. Edmond GOSKOLLI, Ing. Arjo LULE THE FALL OF THE EMBANKMENT IN BEJAR GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA ANALYSIS (Case Study) ............................ 65 Gorgi DIMOV, Blagica DONEVA, Marjan DELIPETROV, Todor DELIPETROV CORRELATION BETWEEN SEISMIC VELOCITIES AND GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF CARBONATE DEPOSITS 67

FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION OF THE DISRUPTED NORTHERN SLOPE

COAL BASIN OF KOSTOLAC, REPUBLIC OF SERBIA ............................. 68 Huseyin ANKARA, Mehmet AKSOY, Suheyla YEREL, Yasar KESER, Zeynep CICEKCI DETERMINATION OF SLAKE DURABILITY INDEX ON SATURATED SPHERICAL SAMPLES .......................................... 69 KOZYREV A. A., SEMENOVA I.E., RYBIN V.V., AVETISYAN I.M. RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF STRESS STRAIN STATE WITHIN DEEP OPEN PITS UNDER TECTONIC STRESSES ....... 71 A. A. KOZYREV, V. V. RYBIN, K. N. KONSTANTINOV FIELD-SCALE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STRESS FIELD AND THE EXCAVATION DAMAGED ZONE EXTENT, THE KOLA PENINSULA, RUSSIA .................................................. 72 Sladjana KRSTIC, Vesna LJUBOJEV, Milenko LJUBOJEV, Dusan TASIC, Ivana JOVANOVIC GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE DAM 2 FLOTATION TAILINGS VELIKI KRIVELJ (SERBIA) ........................... 73 Vladimir VUTOV, Ventsislav IVANOV METHODOLOGY FOR GEOMECHANICAL LOGISTICS OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A TRANSPORT TUNNEL ....................................................................... 74 Ljupcho DIMITRIEVSKI, Darko ILIEVSKI, Ljubisha KOSTADINOV, Ljube IVANOVSKI, Dragan MILENKOVSKI GEOMECHANICAL STABILITY MONITORING IN THE REK BITOLA MINES ..................................................................... 75

PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MODIFIED LIMESTONE ............................................................ 76 Ing. Petr TOMEK SLIDING PARTS WEAR INFLUENCE TO DRIVE UNIT LOADING OF LONGWALL SHEARERS......................................... 77 Ljupce KULAKOV, Zoran GJORGIEVSKI, Zlatko ILIJOVSKI WORKING AND FINAL SLOPES STABILITY ANALYSIS IN SURFACE EXCAVATION MINE R'ZANOVO .......................... 78


XII 5th BALKAN MINING CONGRESS

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIMESTONE BRIQUETTES WITH BENTONITE FOR CALCIFICATION OF ACID SOIL 79 Sair KAHRAMAN, M. Suat DELIBALTA, Ramazan COMAKLI EVALUATING THE NOISE FROM BLOCK CUTTING MACHINES USING THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL ROCK PROPERTIES.............................................................................................. 80

BALKAN MINERAL INDUSTRY ................................................................................................... 81

POSSIBILITY OF USING LIMESTONE FROM - ULCINJ DEPOSIT AS FILLER IN VARIOUS INDUSTRY BRANCHES .............................................................................................................. 82

LENDAVA - THE FIRST GEOTHERMAL CITY IN SLOVENIA ............................................................................................. 83

SYSTEM ENGINEERING ............................................................................................................. 84 Bozica SANDIC, Jelena MILOSEVIC, Radmilo GLISIC GREEN ENERGY FROM THE NIKOLA TESLA THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN OBRENOVAC (Cooling Water System Hydropower Plant) ........................................................................................ 85

MANAGEMENT AND MINING ECONOMICS ................................................................................. 86

MINIMIZATION OF BUSINESS RISKS IN MINING COMPANIES THROUGH LOADERS-TRUCK EQUIPMENT SELECTION ................................................................................................ 87 Eng. Lachezar TSOTSORKOV PhD, Eng. Delcho NIKOLOV, Eng. Michail MICHAILOV CYCLIC FLOW CONVEYOR SYSTEMS - PRESENT AND FUTURE AT THE ASSAREL MINE OPERATIONS, ASSAREL-MEDET SC - BULGARIA ................................................................... 88 Prof. Dushan NIKOLOVSKI Ph.D. METHODOLOGY FOR INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN ACTIVE MINES .............................................................................. 90 Dr. Ari ARTINYAN, Luben DIMOV ON-LINE ASH-ANALYZERS AND SCALES IN OPEN COAL MINES - Coal Quality Management System ..................... 91 Daniela MLADENOVSKA, Ana M. LAZAREVSKA DETERMINING RELEVANT ATTRIBUTES AND CORRESPONDING INDICATORS IN A DECISION MAKING CONCEPT FOR SITE-SELECTION OF COAL FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANTS ................... 92 Ahmet BYTYÇI, Edmond GOSKOLLI, Idaver HISEINI, Nexhmi KRASNIQI COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS IN LIMESTONE DEPOSIT, REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO ............................................................. 93 Marko BABOVIC, M.Sc., Branislav BABIC, B.B.A. TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF THE EXECUTED GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE NIKOLA TESLA B UNIT 3 AND SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION IN OBRENOVAC .............. 94

MODERN MINING INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT - SYNERGY OF QUALITY AND RISK BASED APPROACH ..................... 95

PHASES AND FIRST RESULTS OF SHAREHOLDING AND PRIVATISATION IN PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES OF THE COAL INDUSTRY - EXPERIENCES OF OTHER COUNTRIES ........................ 96 Krastu DERMENDJIEV, George STOYANCHEV THE MINING INDUSTRY FUTURE..................................................................................................................................... 97 Zoran PANOV, Radmila KARANAKOVA STEFANOVSKA, Risto POPOVSKI, Kirco MINOV, Blagica DONEVA ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSPORT DISTANCES IN DEFINING THE EXPLOITATION COSTS OF DEPTH OPEN PITS OF METALS ............................................................ 98



XIII

Prof. As. Dr. Skender LIPO, Dr. Arben BAKIU MANAGEMENTS OF MINING RECOVERY......................................................................................................................... 99 Prof Dr Shyqri KELMENDI, Fehmi AZEMI, Qazim JASHARI, Faton KELMENDI IMPORTANT ECONOMICAL INDICATORS OF MODERN MINING PRODUCTION .........................................................100

MINERAL PROCESSING ...........................................................................................................101 Boris KRSTEV, Aleksandar KRSTEV, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA, Zivko GOCEV THE PRESENTATION OF LEACHING AND BIO-LEACHING FROM DIFFERENT ORES USING SIMPLEX EVOP ...........102 Boris KRSTEV, Aleksandar KRSTEV, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA, Afrodita ZENDELSKA, Zivko GOCEV THE OPTIMIZATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING - THE PRECONDITION FOR INCREASING OF RECOVERIES FROM DOMESTIC MINES ...............................................103 Milena DANOVSKA, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA, Dejan KARANFILOV, Afrodita ZENDELSKA TREATMENT OF Fe(III) IONS FROM LEACHING SOLUTIONS WITH NEUTRALISATION AND PRECIPITATION ...........104

CONCEPT OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CRUSHING PLANT FOR PROCESSING LIMESTONE AND -STOCK COMPANY - JELEN DO DEPOSITS ..105

POSSIBILITY OF BARITE CONCENTRATION FROM POLYMETALIC SULPHIDE-BARITE ORE USING GRAVITY AND FLOTATION CONCENTRATION METHODS ...............................................................................106 M AUSCULTATION OF FLOTATION TAILINGS VELIKI KRIVELJ WITH EMPHASIS ON THE CURRENT ...........................................107 Shyqri KELMENDI, Halil QELA, Bajram MUSTAFA MINING PRODUCTION OF CONCENTRATES AND BASE METALS IN THE REGION ....................................................108 Violeta STEFANOVA, Vojo MIRCOVSKI, Violeta STOJANOVA, Gose PETROV, Zoran PANOV GOLD GRAIN MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOSITION IN SOME LOCALITY IN R. MACEDONIA ......................................109

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ............................................................................................110 Angelica DRĂGHICI, Gheorghe GHEŢIE, Lorand TOTH, Marius KOVACS, Cosmin ILIE IMPACT OF THE WORKFLOW FROM QUARRYS ON THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT CASE STUDY - SC CUPRUMIN S.A. ABRUD ...............................................111

ARSENIC IN MINE WATERS FROM ABANDONED BASE-METAL AND GOLD MINING SITES IN SERBIA .....................113 Orce SPASOVSKI, Daniel SPASOVSKI HEAVY AND TOXIC METALS AND NUTRIENTS IN SEPARATE PLACES IN THE RIVER BREGALNICA (EASTERN MACEDONIA) ..................................................................................................114 Dragoljub UROSEVIC, Branimir ANDELIC, Uros UROSEVIC, Rasa DJUROVIC CONTRIBUTION TO CONSTRUCTION, REMEDIATION AND RECULTIVATION OF SECONDARY MINING AND ENERGY FACILITIES IN ORDER TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION .......................115

Klara KONC- THE SEMI-INDUSTRIAL TEST OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM FOR RESEARCH OF THE FLYING ASH AND BOTTOM ASH HYDRO-TRANSPORT ......................................................116

CONCEPTUAL SOLUTION FOR THE PERMANENT CLOSURE OF FLY AND BOTTOM ASH DISPOSAL SITE AT TPP KOSTLAC A AND B ....................................................................117


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CONCEPTUAL SOLUTION OF DISPOSAL THE OPEN PIT WASTE ROCK AND DEWATERING SYSTEM IN A FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN EXPLOITATION THE COPPER DEPOSITS

- ............................................................................... 118 Msc Aleksandar LAZAROV ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACCORDING BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES FROM IMPACT AT TAILING DAM TORANICA ........................................................................................ 119 Orce SPASOVSKI, Daniel SPASOVSKI GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TAILING DUMP FROM POLYMETALLIC Pb - Zn DEPOSIT ZLETOVO (REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA) ..................................................... 120 Ion GHERGHE, Doru CIOCLEA, Constantin LUPU, Corneliu BOANTĂ, Florin RĂDOI, Vlad Mihai PĂSCULESCU GENERAL VENTILATION FANS USED FOR THE AERATION OF HARD COAL MINES IN JIU VALLEY COAL FIELD .... 121

PROBLEMS OF STUDY PREPARATIONS ON EVALUATION OF INFLUENCES ON THE ENVIRONMENT FROM THE LEGAL REGULATIONS PERSPECTIVE ............................................................... 122

SPECIFICITIES OF OPEN PIT TAMNAVA - WEST FIELD REMEDIATION ....................................................................... 123 Afrodita ZENDELSKA, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA, Boris KRSTEV, Blagoj GOLOMEOV, Aleksandar KRSTEV THE IMPACT OF THE TAILING DAM OF THE SASA MINE ON SOILS IN THE KOCANI VALLEY ................................... 124

TECHNICAL RECLAMATION OF THE FLYING ASH AND BOTTOM ASH DEPOT IN THE COAL BASIN KOSTOLAC ... 125

Tena SIJAKOVA-IVANOVA, Zoran PANOV, Vojo MIRCOVSKI OPPORTUNITIES FOR UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH FROM THERMAL POWER PLANT, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA .. 126

RESTRUCTURING AND REENGINEERING ................................................................................. 127 Gafur MUKA, Thoma KORINI, Vasil JORGJI, Ramiz BALLA A CRITICAL REVIEW OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REACTIVATION OF ABANDONED AREAS OF BULQIZA CHROME MINE ................................................... 128 Marko RANZINGER, Marjan HUDEJ REENGINEERING OF OLD RAILWAY TU

LJUBLJANA-KOPER ................................................................... 129

LEGISLATION, NORMS AND EDUCATION ................................................................................. 131 Msc. Jorgaq THANAS, Eng. Bardhyl SHUSHKU MINING WASTES IN ALBANIA - LEGISLATIVE FRAME AND THEIR STATE................................................................... 132 Nevzat KAVAKLI Ph.D., Sadi CIVELEKOĞLU, Serdar ÇULHA M.Sc., Şükrü ŞAFAK M.Sc. FEATURES OF TURKISH MINING LAW AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION............................................................................ 133

EXPLOITATION OF SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES ............................................................... 134 Prof. d-r Risto DAMBOV, Goran STOJKOSKI, Dimitar HRISTOV, Nikola RZANIKOSKI TECHNO-ECONOMICAL ANALYSES OF THE METHODS FOR PRODUCING OF DIMENSION STONE BLOCKS ......... 135 Goran BLAZESKI, Vladimir DILEVSKI AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR THE WELL DRAINAGE SYSTEM AT COAL MINE

MINING POWER COMPLEX BITOLA ...................................................................... 136 meun MARIJANAC

LIMESTONE EXCAVATION TECHNOLOGY OF LIEBHERR R 984 C EXCAVATOR AT THE SURFACE MINE MUTALJ . 138



XV

Dragica STOJILJKOVIC, Snezana KOMATINA-PETROVIC, Biserka DIMISKOVSKA, Jelena STETIC, Jelena NINIC-TODOROVIC ARRANGEMENT OF SURFACE EXCAVATIONS OF NON-METAL MINERAL RAW MATERIAL ......................................139

INGER EXPLOITATION OF SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES IN PAKA QUARRY .........................................................................140 Wolfgang SCHROTH HIGH UNDERGROUND COAL PRODUCTION, BY MEANS OF POWERFUL AND HIGH PERFORMANCE SHEARER LOADERS ............................................................141 Nikolinka DONEVA, Marija HADZI-NIKOLOVA, CONSTRUCTION OF HORIZONTAL MINING FACILITIES THROUGH SCHIST`S MASSIVE ...........................................142 Pece MURTANOVSKI, m-r Bojan LAJLAR, m-r Janez , Marijan LENART

...........................................................................................................143 Zoran ILIC, Rajko STOJAKOVIC, Zvonko BELACEVIC MINING BASIN KOLUBARA - A VARIANT OF THE OPENING OF THE NEW OPEN PIT MINE .......................................144

Zoran DESPODOV, Dejan MIRAKOVSKI, Stojance MIJALKOVSKI, Adjiski VANCHO, Borce GOCEVSKI OPPORTUNITIES FOR REPAIRING THE UNLOADING BUNKER ON SHAFT GOLEMA REKA - SASA MINE .................145

MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINE GEOLOGY ..................................................................... 146

THE TIMOK COPPER-GOLD PROJECT - GEOLOGY AND MINERALIZATION (TIMOK MAGMATIC COMPLEX - EASTERN SERBIA) ...........................................147 Vojislav MRDJA CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE METALLOGENY IN ORE FIELD KOSMAJ-BABE ...............................148 Msc Rade STANKOVSKI GEOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS AT TORANICA DEPOSIT ..............................................................................................149 Krsto BLAZEV, Blagica DONEVA, Marjan DELIPETREV, Gorgi DIMOV QUARTZ RAW MATERIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA ..................................................................................150

GEOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FROM THE DEPOSIT VESHJE NEAR NEGOTINO - R. MACEDONIA ..............................................................................151 Msc Zlatko ILIJOVSKI, Stojan MIHAILOVSKI, Dragan NASEVSKI, Ljupce PETREVSKI, Blagoj GJORGIEVSKI, Mirjana TRPCEVSKI DRAINAGE WELLS CONSTRUCTION AS PART OF S.E.M. SUVODOL, REK BITOLA .....................................................152 Laste IVANOVSKI, Zlatko ILIOVSKI, Elizabeta RALEVA RESULTS FROM THE MOST RECENT GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COAL MINE MARIOVO ........................153 Elizabeta RALEVA, Zlatko ILIJOVSKI, Laste IVANOVSKI, Trifun MILEVSKI RESULTS FROM NEWEST GEOLOGICAL ......................................154

ORE MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS METHODS IN MINERAL CONCENTRATION PROCESSES ...........................................155 Vojo MIRCOVSKI, Violeta STEFANOVA, Tena SIJAKOVA-IVANOVA, Gorgi DIMOV, Vasko MIRCOVSKI UTILIZING GABBRO OF SITES PANTELEJ AS CONSTRUCTION-TECHNICAL STONE .................................................156

HISTORY AND MINE EDUCATION .............................................................................................157

CONCEPT OF THE MINING MUSEUM IN KOSTOLAC, REPUBLIC OF SERBIA ..............................................................158 Valentina MANEVSKA, Roze ARSOVSKA REFORMING THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM - BUILDING QUALITY WORKFORCE ........................................................159

B O O K O F A B S T R A C T S


1

MULTI-VARIABLE ASSESSMENT OF RISK IN SELECTION

OF LOCATION AND THE WAY OF OPEN PIT MINES OPENING

1, Marjan HUDEJ

2 3

1 Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 RGP, Velenje, Slovenia, [email protected] 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The paper is focused on the problem of selecting the most suitable location and the way of opening the open pit mines, based on the multicriteria risk assessment. In the introductory section, a presentation of demands regarding the problem of location selection and the way of opening the open pit mines is given, as well as the risks inherited and generated by the structure, mutual relationship and spatial and temporal variations of the influential factors such as geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, geotechnical, technical, technological, communication, ecological, urbanism, business-economics, market, investment and other factors.

The idiosyncrasy in decision making process regarding the selection of location and the way of opening the open pit mines in the design phase reflects in the presence of uncertainty in defining the causal-consequential relations and changes of influential factors. In this ambience, the condition of securing the adequate and efficient decision making regarding the location and the way of opening the open pit mine is to provide a reliable, multicriteria assessment of the uncertainty and risk for each of the possible alternative solutions. Accordingly, the paper continues with commented review of mathematical models potentially applicable in solving

The example of the coal open pit mine Coal series floor layer at the Mining and Energy Combine Bitola, with seven possible ways of opening the open pit mine, served as a presentation tool for the purpose of displaying the benefits of the multicriteria Promethee model in risk assessment of selection of the most suitable opening variant. Discussed, in the conclusions, are the advantages and shortages of the multicriteria analysis, and it is concluded that, in seeking the most suitable solution, the overall analysis is necessary, together with structuring all of the influential factors.

Keywords

Opencast Mining, Open Pit Mine, Opening Cut, Risk Assessment, Multi-Variable Analysis


2 5th BALKAN MINING CONGRESS

M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

OF VELENJE MINING METHOD AND ITS GLOBAL USE

Dr. Milan MEDVED1, mag. Ludvik GOLOB

2

Premogovnik Velenje d. d., Velenje, Slovenia [email protected] [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The Velenje Coal Mine (VCM) is company with more than 137-year tradition of lignite mining, solid in the present time and energetically directed towards future. Highly technological developed mining equipment, qualified employers who manage it putt Velenje Coal Mine in group of the most modern coalmines in the world.

The entire process is based on the consideration of natural characteristics, provision of adequate safety and the prediction of impacts on the environment. The Velenje mining method, which is being performed by caving the hanging wall layers is used in one of the thickest lignite seams in the world. The first beginnings of longwall faces appeared in 1947, while an extensive introduction of longwall faces began in 1952.

The basic approach of mining using the Velenje mining method (VMM) is that we extend the coal extraction area also above the protected area at the face (the tunnel part protected by hydraulic support system). This includes exploitation of natural forces for breaking and crushing the seam. The Velenje mining method is an internationally protected patent that has been proven to be the most effective method for extracting thick coal seams.

Velenje Coal Mine continues to develop and tries to improve the mining method. Namely, in 2008 Velenje Coal Mine started mining in the 210-m long face. This was done for the first time in the history of Velenje Coal Mine, and the face was also successfully mined. This was performed with the use of modern mining equipment, especially the new hydraulic support system and advanced chain conveyor.

In future, the concept of developing the pits of Velenje Coal Mine will be based on a lower number of faces (in average two), which will, however, be wider (more than 200 m). Thus, the economic effects for 4 million tons of annual production may be considerable. It will not be necessary to build as many roadways and auxiliary facilities, less surveillance will be required, etc. Such a concept of coal mining must be adequately scientifically studied, professionally planned and executed using the state-of-the-art technology.

In scope of development strategy number of employees in Velenje Coal Mine is reducing were number of employees in affiliate companies is increasing. This will assure working places in future than coalmining will stop.



3

The paper discusses the existing business cooperation as well as the Velenje Coal Mine Group transfer of know-how to the companies (mines) from east south European countries. Recently Velenje Coal Mine is also working more globally. Establishment of international joint venture company in Asia-pacific region happened where some projects are already going on. Beside that Velenje Coal Mine is cooperating in many research projects which are oriented in to clean coal technologies. Namely development of modern high efficiency coal-fired power plants and alternative coal use is future.

Keywords

Coal Mining, Mining Methods, Mining Equipment, Mining Engineering, Business Cooperation, Research, Clean Coal Technologies



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

OF BULGARIAN MINING INDUSTRY

Prof. Dr. Tzolo VOUTOV, Prof. Dr. Petar DASKALOV

Scientific and Technical Union of Mining, Geology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

There are 658 registered deposits with 40.5 billion tons of mineral reserves, constituting the mineral and raw material resource base of Bulgaria.

For the year 2012 Bulgarian mining industry has produced: energy raw materials - 33.5 mln. tons, metal ores - 30.7 mln. tons, industrial minerals - 10.2 mln. tons, building materials - 23.6 mln. tons. The average annual production for the period 2000 - 2012 amounts to 89.1 mln. tons or 12.1 tons/person and 803 tons/sq.km. of the territory of Bulgaria.

Bulgarian mining production disposes of mineral reserves (at annual capacity of 100 mln. tons) in the coal mining sector - for the coming 66 years; the ore mining sector is provided for the next 17 years; extraction of industrial raw materials is guaranteed within a period of 193 years and building materials -

According to the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria, all mineral deposits are exclusive public property. The legal framework for managing the Bulgarian mining industry mainly includes: 145 laws; ordinances, regulations and instructions; methodologies and guidelines, standards and norms related to mining production and geological surveys; strategies, concepts, national programmes, European directives and world-wide criteria.

Numerous people are involved in the Bulgarian mining industry: 25-30 thousand production workmen; 120 - 130 thousand employees participating in mining production; the mining sector contributes 4-value of annual mining production amounts to 2.8 - 3.0 billion Bulgarian levs.

Bulgaria is a mining country and it has been a member of the World Mining Congress (since 1965), of the European Association of Mining Industries (since 1991) and of the Association of Mining Experts in the Balkan region - BALKANMINE (since 2004).

Keywords

Mineral Reserves, Mining Production , Sustainable Development


5

MINE SURVEY



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

EXAMINATION OF EXPLOSIVE AND

FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES OF COAL FROM THE

DEPOSIT, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

1 2 3

Mining institute, Belgrade, Serbia

1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The dust created during the mining of coal poses a safety problem during operations in a mine. The dust is created in all phases of operations, from excavation, loading, transport and processing to the utilization of coal. It poses a permanent self-inflammation, burning and explosion hazard. This paper presents results of the tests on the flammable and explosive properties of the coal dust originated from the deposit, Republic of Macedonia.

Keywords

Coal, Coal Dust, Explosive Properties,



7

ENERGY CONVERSION OF MINERAL MATERIALS

EXPOSED MECHANICAL ACTIVATION

Milan PETROV1, ,

Zoran , ,

Branislav Slavica

Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Most of the reactions and processes are getting more rapidly at higher temperatures. Temperature dependence of the chemical reaction progress at best approximates Arrhenius law. The reaction rate may also depend on the concentration of reactants. We note that the Arrhenius equation (1) in the exponent has the following units: activation energy (Ea), the molar gas constant (R) and temperature (T).

RT

Ea

eAk

Equation 1

The activation energy is actually required specific energy of chemical reactions, and through the Arrhenius equation also the measure of progress the chemical reactions. By the analysis of equation 1, we can see that the following statement is true activation energy and temperature are inversely proportional units. In the work are made the experiments of mechanochemical treatment of minerals with a polar organic reagents. On that way in the ball mill is made its lining. In the above experiments it was observed that there is a temperature dependence of the progress mechanochemical reaction or coating process. The idea that made us the law that applies to chemical changes applied to the adsorption changes that are essentially physical nature araise when we noticed that there is connection between the temperature and time of coating mineral materia. Specifically, we found that with increasing temperature the mineral on ma decreases the time required to carry grain paneling. As a measure of progress mechanochemical reaction we used a modified Arrhenius equation. Adopted activation energy in mechanochemical treatment is complete impregnation mixture of mineral grains.

Keywords

Activation Energy, Mechanochemical Treatment, Coating Temperature, Mineral Materia



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

PARAMETERS

WHEN MINING OF RESERVES FROM METASOMATIC DEPOSITS

IN LUCKY INVEST jsC

Dimitar ANASTASOV 1

, Atanas MARINSKI 2

, Kiril KUTSAROV3

1 University of Mining and Geology St. Ivan Rilski , Sofia, Bulgaria, [email protected] 2 Lucky Invest JSC, Lucky, Bulgaria, [email protected] 3 University of Mining and Geology St. Ivan Rilski , Sofia, Bulgaria, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Metasomatic ore mineralizations are significant part of the metal-rich reserves for mining of lead and zinc ores in Lucky Invest JSC. So far the company has developed 12 metasomatic ore bodies with different sizes of the chambers and the pillars. The aggregate contents of lead and zinc in them are in the range of 15% to 25%, and silver content in the mined ore ranges from 150 to 200 g/t.

area and the areas supported by them. The mathematical relationships between the supported areas and the hydraulic radii of the pillars are analyzed.

The summariconcentration is approximated.

The significantly higher values of the ore allowed the company to make investments into modernization of production, as it has purchased mobile diesel equipment, including electro-hydraulic carriages, front-end loader and underground dump trucks from midrange class.

The examined mathematical models allow to be optimized the sizes of the chambers and the pillars in room-pillar system of exploitation in order to achieve optimal usage of the mobile diesel equipment during the mining of the reserves of layer-shaped metasomatic ore mineralizations.

Keywords

Coefficient Of Stress Concentration, Metasomatic Ore, Pillars, Regression Models



9

ANALYSIS OF AN UNDERGROUND EXPLOSION EFFECTS

UPON THE VENTILATION NETWORKS

Doru CIOCLEA1, Ion TOTH

2, Ion GHERGHE

3,

Cristian TOMESCU4, Vlad Mihai PĂSCULESCU

5

INCD INSEMEX, Petrosani, Romania [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Ventilation networks are complex opening, preparation and exploitation works which are extended horizontally and vertically, having a cumulative length of tens of kilometers.

When an explosion type phenomena occurs, there is formed on one hand the dynamic wave which develops an overpressure of 1-8 bar in case of methane and 1-11 bar in case of coal dust, and on the other hand the flame front which generates temperatures over 2500°C.

Due to high pressure generated by explosion in underground mine workings, there occur high forces which action upon all obstacles encountered on the propagation direction of the dynamic wave.

These forces exceed by far the resistance breaking to compression, shearing strength, the tensile strength, resistance to buckling or torsion specific to materials encountered on the dynamic wave propagation direction.

Therefore, in case of an underground explosion occurrence major disturbances of the ventilation network occur which are generated by: partial destruction of regulator doors; partial destruction of insulation doors; complete destruction of regulator doors; complete destruction of insulation doors; destruction of insulation constructions; cavings which occur on the mine workings adjacent to the epicenter of the explosion.

Keywords

Dynamic Effects, Explosion, Network, Ventilation



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

DRAG ENERGY CONSUMPTION PERCENTAGE (DECP) CONCEPT

AS A TOOL FOR COMPARISON OF DIGGING DIFFICULTY (DD) AT

DRAGLINE STRIPPING PANELS

Metin OZDOGAN

Ideal Machinery and Consultancy Ltd., Ankara, Turkey

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Drag Energy Consumption Percentage (DECP) concept for stripping draglines is a new concept proposed by the author. Full work cycle of walking draglines (WD) consist of dragging-in, hoisting, swinging, dumping, swinging back and lowering segments. This comparison criterion proposed is independent of size, model and make of the equipment (equipment specifications). It is inclusive of digging effort of WD in other words breakout and bucket fill segments. Therefore, it can be used as a measure of the digging difficulty encountered by the draglines operating at different surface mine sites. The criterion indicates the diggability of the overburden in question and/or indicates the degree of blasting performance (how well the overburden formation is loosened), in addition to the other concepts proposed as specific drag-in energy (SDIE) and specific bucket fill energy (SBFE). The paper discusses percentages (DECP) measured at five different mine sites and WDs and compares DECP with the diggability difficulty observed and with the powder factors being used; and proposes a diggability classification for WDs foperating at lignite measure rocks being stripped based on the findings of the survey. It's accordance with other classification criteria proposed for WD benches of the survey is also discussed. Prime mover and DC motor specifications and operational specification s of the WDs are also given. Brief rock properties of the benches are also cited. Energy consumption is measured by a laboratory type monitor from the control frames of control cabinets of the equipment. The draglines are equipped with control cabinets that house a series of control frames for each DC motor. Proper test points on each control frame provide a clean plus minus 15 VDC signal for both armature voltage and current.

Keywords

Drag Energy Consumption Percentage, Equipment Diggability Classification, Specific Drag-In Energy, Specific Bucket Fill Energy, Walking Draglines



11

RELIABILITY FOR WELDED STRUCTURES OF BUCKET

WHEEL EXCAVATORS BASED ON THE COMPARISON

OF OPERATIONAL AND CRITICAL STRESSES

Miodrag 1 2

,

Vencislav GRABULOV3, Meri

4, Zoran

5

1 Institute for materials testing, Belgrade, Serbia, 2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 3 Institute for materials testing, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 4 Innovation center of the faculty of mechanical engineering, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 5 Institute for materials testing, Belgrade, Serbia,

A B S T R A C T

Bucket wheel excavator consists of a number of elements and assemblies, as well as relations between them and their characteristics structured in a way that ensures performing of predicted actions during operation and carrying out of necessary functions in time and conditions of exploitation.

Behaviour of the bucket wheel excavator under real conditions of exploitation can not be predicted by engineering methods during the design phase, employing of methods of probability theory is necessary as well. Taking that into account, reliability of mechanical components is a probability that the system will successfully perform its work function within the allowable deviation range, projected service period and given conditions of exploitation.

Therefore, only tests performed on structures of the bucket wheel excavator in operating

necessary data for the comparison of quality and assessment of machines and structures, for the assessment of spatial operation of certain components and elements regarding the load-carrying capacity, as well as for the defining of joint operation of drive devices and structures.

Development of reliability concept is fundamentally based on the comparison of certain values which characterise functions of work capacity.



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

System reliability assessment is based on time parameters, operational state - system operationally capable or state of failure - system operationally incapable, as well as on the reliability assessment based on comparison of operating and critical stresses.

This paper contains the probabilistic reliability calculation for supporting welded structures of the bucket wheel, based on parameters of Weibull law of distribution of random variable values of operational and critical stresses, determined by tensometric measurement of deformations on the bucket wheel excavator under exploitational conditions. The bucket wheel excavator, type SchRs 650/5x2, has been produced by Thyssen Krupp , Germany.

Keywords

Bucket-Wheel Excavator, Welded Structure, Experimental Tests, Weibull Distribution, Reliability



13

INFLUENCE OF SIPX AND AP5500 COLLECTORS

ON THE RECOVERY OF COPPER AND PRECIOUS METALS

FROM ORE DEPOSIT TENKA-3

1 2, Vladan MI

3,

3 3 3

1 Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Institute for Technology of Nuclear and other Mineral Raw Materials, Belgrade, Serbia

A B S T R A C T

The Tenka deposits (which include Tenka 1, Tenka 2, and Tenka 3 deposits, located in eastern Serbia) belong to polymetallic deposits and besides the copper they contain lead and zinc minerals in a certain content. From this perspective, defining optimal ore processing conditions (due to complex ore characteristics) and obtaining commercial product with satisfactory technological properties, represents complex task and requires serious research and examinations.

This paper presents a part of technological investigations performed to determine the possibility of copper and precious metals valorization from the ore deposit Tenka 3, using a flotation concentration method. During the experimental procedure, ethoxycarbonyl thiourea based collector (AERO 5500 promoter) and sodium isopropyl xanthate were used, while the pH value of flotation pulp varied from 9.9 to 11.6. The results shown that this combination of reagents affects relatively low recovery of copper and precious metals (regardless to pH value of pulp).

Keywords

Flotation, Copper, Precious Metals, Recovery



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

DETERMINING INDIRECT DEPENDENCY OF PRODUCTION

SEGMENTS WITHIN THERMAL POWER PLANT OPEN PIT

MINES KOSTOLAC BY MULTISECTORAL MODELS

Svetomir MAKSI1 2 1

, Milena 2, Aleksandar PETROVSKI

2

1 Electric Power Industry of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Application of multisectoral models in our country as well as world-wide has so far been mostly related with the macroeconomic systems, i.e. the business system of a country. Multisectoral models were mostly used in economy, only to some extent in the mining industry, without much interest of engineering staff.

The area of multisectoral models utilization in business public enterprises and business companies has not sufficiently been explored. Results obtained following the example of Kolubara, TENT and Kostolac show the potential of a realistic review of mutually extremely complex production-related direct and indirect dependencies and influences within commercial entities.

Keywords

Multisectoral Models, Electric Power Industry, Company, Coal Sector



15

CONCEPTUAL SOLUTIONS OF THE MAIN MINING PROJECT

OF THE OPEN PIT MINE UGLJEVIK ISTOK, MINE

AND THERMAL PLANT UGLJEVIK REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

1

Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The brown coal open pit mine Ugljevik-istok is operating within the Mine and Thermal Power plant Ugljevik in the Republic of Srpska, and providing the thermal power plant with 300 MW of power with coal. Since the now operative project documentation is expiring, a new Main Mining Project for the Ugljevik Istok was assembled. The paper presents the concept of the new project, with particular emphasis on the new and specific solutions.

Keywords

Open Pit Mine, Ugljevik, Brown Coal, Mining Project



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

EXAMINATION OF GAS-BEARING QUALITIES OF COAL

AND ACCESSORY ROCKS IN THE BASIN,

REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

1 2 3

1 Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 3 JPP Mines of Aleksinac, Aleksinac, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents results of research of the gas-bearing potential of the Zivojno deposit, Republic of Macedonia, i.e. the parameters depicting the gas-bearing potential and the described methodology of approach for testing the methane content and other gases in samples of coal and accessory rocks of the operating environment.

Keywords

Coal, Gas-Bearing, Methane, Sorption, Zivojno



17

METHANE INFLUENCE ON COAL DUST EXPLOSIVITY

FROM THE MARIOVO DEPOSIT

1 2 3

Mining institute, Belgrade, Serbia

1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

It is generally known that coal dust explosions can occur in the underground coal mines even without the presence of methane. However, according to the statistical data, methane explosion is the most common cause of coal dust explosions. This paper presents results of the tests of methane influence on the explosion related properties of the coal dust from the Mariovo deposit in the Republic of Macedonia.

Keywords

Coal, Dust, Explosion, Methane



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

NEW PERSPECTIVE OPEN PIT MINES

IN KOLUBARA LIGNITE BASIN IN SERBIA

Nenad

Electric Power Industry of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

In 2012, EPS produced a total of 37.6 million tons of lignite in mines located in the Kolubara and Kostolac basins. The lignite, extracted by the Corporate Enterprise Mining Basin Kolubara, was used to generate 46.2% of the total electricity produced by EPS, whilst the lignite mined by TPPs-OCMs KOSTOLAC fuelled 14.4% of EPS power generation.

Lignite output in both the Kolubara and Kostolac basins is expected to increase, since the Serbian energy development strategy includes the construction of new thermal power plant. Investments are therefore needed at existing lignite mines and for development of new lignite deposits. Priority is given to joint projects with strategic partners of EPS, including projects to construct two new 350 MW lignite-based units near the Kolubara mine at TPP Kolubara B and the new unit, Nikola Tesla B3 with a capacity of 700 MW.At the same time, existing lignite fields will be extended and new deposits will be accessed.

Mining basin Kolubara operates four opencast mines, namely Field B in C, Field D, Veliki Crljeni and Tamnava West Field.The lignite is used to generate heat and power at the Kolubara thermo power plant (TPP), TPP Nikola Tesla A and B and TPP Morava.

Since the future opencast mine Field E will not capable solely to satisfy fuel supply to existing TPP capacities, EPS needs to open up new lignite fields at Radljevo,for field D substitute field E and Field G at Southfields deposit. In accordance with this mining development strategy, the main issue is to improve resource utilisation and search for possibilities to maximize lignite extraction, to examine different investigate output scenarios and finaly sustanable operational costs.

The opencast operation use modern mining equipment, including bucket-wheel excavaters, belt conveyors and spreaders with an average capacity of 4000 - 6000 cbm/h. This technology allows continuous extraction and thereby ensures a steady flow of the fuel to the power stations.

Keywords

Deposits, Lignite, Perspective, Production, Sustainable



19

IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH PRESSURE

SORPTION INVESTIGATIONS OF COAL:

CASE STUDY OF THE VELENJE LIGNITE

1, Ana R. MEDVED

1, Edi

1, Antonija LESAR

1, Janja

2,

Lucija PETRINJAK3, Tine

1, Robert MORAVEC

4 4, Simon

12

1 RO GEORIS, Radovljica, Slovenia 2 Velenje Coal Mine, Velenje, Slovenia 3 RCE, Velenje, Slovenia 4 Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Corresponding Author's E-mail: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The knowledge about characteristics of coal gases is of great importance, especially during mining. The sources of gas, its transport and accumulation are included. This study focuses on lignite seam in the Velenje Coal Mine and different sorption capacities of particular types (lithotypes) of lignite. The progress in laboratory high pressure sorption studies is presented (up to 100 bar).

The measurements were performed on an updated instrument according to the improved volumetric gas sampling method. The gas was sampled from the reaction cell during the sorption simulation. The data quality has been positively affected by the updated instruments. The performed three sets of measurements led to results that were crucial for further research. In the experiment, the amount of adsorbed and desorbed gas was calculated from the pressure difference in the known cell volume.

The obtained amounts of gas could permit the risk assessment of possible coal dust and gas outbursts. The performed tests shall enable a more exact determination and understanding of gas effects, possibly add some new knowledge to understanding of the dangerous phenomena, possibly also their prediction, and lead to better safety in mining.

Keywords

Coal Gases, Coal Mine Velenje, High Pressure Sorption, Lignite, Methodology



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

MONITORING AND PREDICTING SURFACE MOVEMENTS

IN THE VELENJE COAL MINE AREA

1 2 3

1 PV Invest d.o.o., Velenje, Slovenia, [email protected] 2 PV Invest d.o.o., Velenje, Slovenia, [email protected] 3 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The impact of underground mining excavation in Velenje Coal Mine reflects as surface subsidence soon after excavation and reaches 90% of its final value of approximately three months after the excavation is finished. In this paper an extensive surface subsidence monitoring and computer modelling for predicting the movements on the surface will be introduced. On the surface of the mining area the measurements of observation networks are performed for more decades. Before 1990 the measurements of the networks were made only by a combination of triangulation and trilateration for planar networks and geometric leveling for the orthometric heights. With the development of satellite technology and the emergence of GPS system the Velenje Coal Mine began to consider establishing a monitoring network based on GPS measurements. In 1996 GPS observation network with 18 measurement points was established. Nowadays, all together over 300 measurement points in the entire Velenje Coal Mine surface area is observed at least once per year. Due to surface subsid

gives us also an insight into the modifications of the terrain under the lakes.

Further, for predicting the movements of the surface a computer model is used. The basis of this complex model is consolidation model and statistical analysis of measured subsidence. Analyses and predictions of surface movements over mining areas on the basis of geodetic networks observations results and computer subsidence modelling have proven to be reliable and coincide with subsequent verification based on measured data. Furthermore, acquired information enables timely and appropriate respond and preparations to ensure safety, future land works, surface remediation and reclamation for any defined periods until the end of the planned coal extraction.

Keywords

Coal Mine, Monitoring, Movements, Surface Subsidence, Underground Mining



21

NDT IN FUNCTION PREVENTION OF LOSS

INTEGRITY OF STRUCTURES LARGE DIMENSIONS

Vujadin ALEKSIC1, Srdjan BULATOVIC

2, Ljubica MILOVIC

3

1 Institute for testing materials-IMS Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 Yugoslav River Shipping, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 3 Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The paper presents examples of the loss of structural integrity due to large induced defects in welded joints occurred during the time of preparation of construction or during operation, which are not detected in time or not at the time repaired, and can be attributed to inadequate prevention in system maintenance.

Daily visual inspection should be provided in order to monitor the behavior of structures in exploitation, and if necessary, NTD method of testing the most loaded parts of the structure should be applied. This approach may be applied to other types of similar construction, and its application in preventive maintenance would help extend the life of structures of large dimensions.

Keywords

NTD, Prevention, Integrity Loss, Large-Scale Structures



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

STORAGE AND PARAMETERS FRESH GRACE

RECLAMATION POWER PLANTS KOSOVO

Naim BAFTIU

Pristine, Kosovo

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The location of the ash dump outside Dardhishte found in the extreme east distance 1000m (1km) from the TPP Kosovo A . Ash dump is created from the ashes released from the coal combustion process for electricity generation and transported to the landfill.

This site covers an area of 243 hectares and has horizontal and vertical folding is used for ash and overburden (external folding overburden Dardhishte ). While ash is stored (folded) in this area since the beginning of the work of TPP Kosovo A since 1962, began folding to overburden in 1987 and ended in the mid 90s. Folding exterior Dardhishte was created by transported overburden measures from the process of coal mine detection surface Mirash .

Dog overburden originally planned to cover the ash reclamation purposes, but is not implemented practically, so that overburden is deposited in the south west and south-west wing and part of the overburden folding covered with ashes. The total volume of measures stored in this location is about 50 million ash m

3.

Keywords

Landfill, Fresh Ash, Power Plants, Surface



23

STRATEGY AND TACTICS AT DESIGNING

AND EXPLOITATION OF DEEP OPENCAST MINES

Prof. Stoyan CHRISTOV, dipl. eng. Delcho NIKOLOV

University of Mining and Geology, Sofia, Bulgaria

Assarel Medet JSC, town of Panagyurishte, Bulgaria

A B S T R A C T

At designing and development of deep opencast mines it is feasible the main strategical and tactical tasks to be defined and solved. The authors solve one of the strategic task in details in this report, i.e. defining of the boundaries of opencast mine, based on the example for deep Assarel and Elatzite mines, under ensuring the slope stability. A probability statistical method is used in defining the boundaries of the mine.



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

MINING METHOD SELECTION FOR DEEPER PARTS

OF SVINJA REKA ORE DEPOSIT - SASA MINE

Stojance MIJALKOVSKI1, Zoran DESPODOV

1, Dejan MIRAKOVSKI

1,

Marija HADZI-NIKOLOVA1, Nikolinka DONEVA

1, Borce GOCEVSKI

2

1 Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev Stip, Republic of Macedonia 2 SASA Mine, Makedonska Kamenica, Republic of Macedonia

A B S T R A C T

The paper presents a scientific approach in mining method selection for deeper parts of Svinja Reka ore deposit. Rational mining method selection include in depth analysis of

the all important montan-geologycal parameters of ore deposit, as much as technical and economical indicators. As a decision support tool for optimal method selection, a multi-criteria evaluation techniques are used.

Keywords

Mining Method, Rational Choice, Multi-Criteria Decision



25

THERMOVISION MONITORING

OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN FIRE PREVENTION

Snezana VUKOVIC1, Nenad VUSOVIC

2, Dejan PETROVIC

3,

Andja SPASIC4, Radoje PANTOVIC

5

1 RB Kolubara, L1RB Kolubara, Lazarevac, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 3 University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 4 RB Kolubara, L1RB Kolubara, Lazarevac, Serbia, [email protected] 5 University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Larger mining systems require the engagement of a significant amount of material resources as well as human engagement for element, device and equipment maintenance.

The cycle maintenance that goes on 24 hours a day, 365 days a year is of special importance; it is a hard and expensive task, and the continuity of electrical energy supplies

This paper shows thermovision as an efficient means of tracking the state of a production system, whose shortcomings, functional errors and problems cause the system to come to

safety and health.

The monitoring system in technical system diagnosis can be fully accomplished by the application of software-enabled thermovision cameras of the newer generation; the

weak link , without interrupting the production process at any cost.

The idea is to extend the scale of preventive maintenance by recording and monitoring the entire production process with a thermovision camera, with a special attention to distinct places for which it has been determined that they are potentially prone to catching fire, all in order to react in a timely manner when maintaing a technical system and dealing with fire prevention.

Keywords

Fire, Fire Prevention, Thermography



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

ANALYSIS OF UP-TO-DATE RESEARCH

OF GOLD-BEARING ALLUVIUM DEPOSITS

FROM THE RIVER PEK-EAST SERBIA

Vladan KASIC1, Zivko SEKULIC

1, Slavica MIHAJLOVIC

1,

Vladimir JOVANOVIC1, Radule TOSOVIC

2

1

Serbia, [email protected]

1

Serbia, [email protected] 1

Serbia, s.mihajlovic @itnms.ac.rs 1 Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 FraSerbia, [email protected] 2 Faculty of Mining and Geology - [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

One of the basic metallogenic characteristics of East Serbia are numerous occurrences and -1989

and 1997) of gold bearing alluviums from the Pek river, the gold content is as two times higher as it was reported earlier (1907, and 1947-1952).

The Volujski Kljuc locality, with an average gold content of 0.25 gr/m3 is economically

interesting, more exactly it could be profitable for exploitation.

Keywords

Gold Bearing Alluviums, The River Pek, East Serbia



27

CHOICE OF OBJECTS FOR PROTECTION

OF FLYING ASH AND BOTTOM ASH DEPOSITS

FROM WATER

1

Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia 1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper deals with the problem of choosing the objects of drainage whose work would secure proper conditions in order to set the ground for the future flying ash and bottom ash deposit.

The location of the future flying ash and bottom ash deposit will be the space of the -

geological conditions from drainage perspective.

The objects required for the protection of the deposit from the surface and underground waters are meant to secure the necessary stability of all objects built on the deposit, while simultaneously preventing the negative influence of the deposit on the environment.

Keywords

Drainage



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF VALORIZATION

OF CALCIUM CARBONATE RAW MATERIAL

FROM KRALJEVA GORA DEPOSIT

1 2 3 4,

5 6

Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected] 5 [email protected] 6 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The possibility of application of products obtained from Kraljeva gora carbonate raw materials was investigated in the Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials. Results of the investigations imply that two commercial products can be obtained from this raw material in preparation of mineral raw materials: limestone for calcification of acid agricultural soils (size class 100% -2 + 0 mm), and carbonate dust - a filler for production of asphalt concrete (size class 100% - 0.71 mm). This paper presents description of technological operations of valorization and a proposal for a technological process of valorization of calcium carbonate raw material from Kraljeva Gora deposits.

Keywords

Technological Processes, Technological Scheme



29

ANALYSIS OF THE OBTAINED STATISTICAL MEASUREMENT

VALUES OF SEISMICAL BLASTING TREMORS

Risto DAMBOV1, Todor DELIPETROV

2, Marjan DELIPETROV

3, Ilija DAMBOV

4

1 Prof. d-r, University Goce Delcev, FNTS, Insitute of Mining, Stip, R. Macedonia 2 Prof. d-r, University Goce Delcev, FNTS, Insitute of Geology, Stip, R. Macedonia 3 Ass.prof., University Goce Delcev, FNTS, Insitute of Geology, Stip, R. Macedonia 4 MSc., Bucim Mine, Radovis, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The paper provided some measurements carried out by seismic shocks caused when carrying out primary mining and appropriate parameters in terms of safety of the surrounding buildings. In this paper one of the goals is to analyze and define the criteria for assessment of shocks in terms of appropriate application for methods of mining, safety distances, especially for different mining conditions.

With statistical analyses of the values we can determine the criteria for soil oscillation law depending on reduced distance, seismic intensity of the protected facilities etc.

This gets a final conclusion on the assessment of shocks depending of the parameters of mining, safety distances when performing the various methods of blasting and the formation of tabular presentation of evaluation criteria for the shocks and safety distances.

The calculation or dimensioning of parameters blasting are the step in setting the technique of drilling and blasting which later, in local conditions, can be modified and yield the best possible results.

Keywords

Seismic Tremors, Criterion, Blasting, Safe Distance



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

UNDERGROUND PIT EXPLORATION IN THE

NEAR BRUS, REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

nad MAKAR,

Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Detailed polymetallicexploration of Pb, Zn, and Sb ores, and trace elements Ag, Fe and Ni

to update the geological data about the basin.

Underground exploration operations allow immediate access to the basin, more reliable geological sampling, more trustworthy prospection, sampling for technological research etc.

Planned underground exploration operations encompass cleaning and rehabilitation of the existing and construction of new underground research areas. This paper contains a short display of the exploration well, rehabilitation methodology of underground areas and construction methodology of the new ones.

Keywords

-Metallic Ore, Underground Exploration Operations


31

MINING AND SAFETY



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

DRILLING FLUIDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

1

2 3

Rudarsko-


A B S T R A C T

The effects of human actions on the environment become more important, and Petroleum companies are joining with government officials in finding ways to provide for us oil and gas without damaging the environment. The choices are not always easy ones, especially for oilfield drilling and production. Diesel-based drilling muds are hazardous to the environment and water based muds are not compatible with some formations.

Many years the best systems to cure wellbore instability have been oil-base muds because they provide superior shale inhibition characteristics and lubricity. But synthetic drilling fluid give the right balance of environmental safety and performance - even under the toughest drilling conditions. Since first-generation of drilling fluid known simply as synthetic or pseudo oil-based muds was introduced these products have offered high performance, low-toxicity alternatives to diesel in oilfield drilling applications.

Through the years, constant research and field testing lead to the introduction of synthetic muds - with even higher levels of environmental safety and performance. This product has been successfully used troughout the world as the preferred replacement for diesel and mineral oils in drilling fluids applications.

Keywords

Drilling fluids, Environment, Synthetic muds, Toxicity



33

INCREASING THE SAFETY LEVEL IN HARD

COAL EXPLOITATION THROUGH INNOVATIVE RESEARCH

Ion TOTH1, Constantin LUPU

2, Doru CIOCLEA

3,

Cristian TOMESCU4, Ion GHERGHE

5

INCD INSEMEX, Petrosani, Romania

1 ion.toth @insemex.ro 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected] 5 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Following the atomic disaster from Fukushima-Japan, the energy strategies worldwide have changed.This change of strategy has also been achieved in our country. Fossil raw materials like coal will still remain the main energy source. For the efficient use of these raw materials, there have been formed at country level the Oltenia and the Hunedoara energy complexes which are using lignite from the Oltenia coal field and hard coal from the jiu Valley coal field.

The profitability of hard coal exploitation in Jiu Valley has been achieved by dividing the National Hard Coal Company into two companies: National Hard Coal Society Petrosani (SNH) and the National Society for Mine Closure Jiu Valley (SNIMVJ).

The SNH comprises Lonea, Livezeni, Vulcan and Lupeni mining units and SNIMVJ comprises Petrila, Paroseni and Uricani mining units. For increasing the safety level in hard coal exploitation, there are applied for both companies a series of methods for preventing/combating spontaneous combustions, measures resulting from the research activities carried out by a team from INCD INSEMEX Petrosani. Of these research activities, the prevention of spontaneous combustion using inorganic inhibitors of zinc chloride type has been patented, having the patent no. 126308, and the framework methods for preventing/fighting against spontaneous combustions and endogenous fires is pending a patent, having the patent request no. 2011-00357. The methods from the two patents/patent requests have been implemented in the two companies.

Keywords

Coal, Spontaneous Combustion, Prevention, Combating, Technology



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

EVALUATION OF THE EXTERNAL RISKS

IN THE COAL MINING COMPANY KOSTOLAC, SERBIA

1 2,

1 1

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Serbia

A B S T R A C T

Majority of contemporary companies operate in a turbulent environment and plenty of their decision problems involving risk and uncertainty. This particularly applies to the mining companies. Namely, mining project managers frequently face important decisions regarding the best allocation of limited resources among mining projects that are characterized by substantial financial risk and uncertainty. Thus, the challenge of sustainable development requires the mining industry to adopt proactive risk management approaches that recognize, integrate and implement the three pillars of social, environmental and economic sustainability.

This paper deals with analysis of external risks in the Serbian mining company Kostolac, which deals with surface mining of coal. Kostolac is a part of the state power utilities system with the function of supplying power plants with the required fuel.

Since Kostolac is mining company of national interest, the external risks have been identified as economic, financial, market, regulatory, risks with regards to expropriation, geopolitical, social and environmental risks. Based on the preliminary list of potential hazards, risk assessment is carried out using method known as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). FMEA is a tool originally developed for risk and reliability analysis of various technical systems, and there is relatively little research on how it can be applied to non-technical areas. Risk analysis is performed based on current conditions for few potential scenarios that predict different types of changes in the analyzed period.

Keywords

External Risks, Evaluation, FMEA, Coal Mining, Kostolac



35

ASSESSMENT OF BLAST EFFECT OPEN PIT

,

FACILITIES AND ENVIRONMENT

1, Suzana LUTOVAC

1,

1, Nikolinka DONEVA

2

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, R. Serbia

2 University , Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Mining Institute,

A B S T R A C T

The blast effect problem of shock waves is growing in the area surrounding blasting activities. In addition to damage shock waves may cause on buildings and mining site facilities, they also impact badly human force there, namely the environment. Lately considerable research in the world has been dedicated to the examination and numeric modelling of this phenomenon. Specific standards have been established defining the blast effect margin level of shock waves on facilities and human force there.

Numerous numerical and empirical models have been developed to predict and monitor them. In Serbia, there are no standards for the assessment of blast effect of shock waves. This paper deals with the assessment of blast effect of an open pit mine and specific conclusions that have been drawn.

Keywords

Blasting, Shock wave, Measurement, Assessment, Margin level, Standard



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

MINERS` EXPOSURE TO GASEOUS CONTAMINATES

CURRENT SITUATION AND LEGISLATION

Dejan MIRAKOVSKI1, Marija HADZI-NIKOLOVA

1, Nikolinka DONEVA

1,

Stojance MIJALKOVSKI1, Gorgi VEZENKOVSKI

2

1 Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev Stip, Republic of Macedonia 2 SASA Mine, Makedonska Kamenica, Republic of Macedonia

A B S T R A C T

In a light of ever increasing public sensitivity to professional illnesses and accidents,

mining industry. This face new challenges for operators, now forced to implement better control, as much as to seek new tools and means in order to achieve the strengthened limits.

This paper gives overview of current industry best practices and regulations, concerning workplace exposure limits to gaseous pollutants and also presents some experiences about

exposure assessment and control techniques are given.

Keywords

Exposure, Gaseous Pollutants, Regulations, Control



37

MULTI-VARIABLE ASSESSMENT OF RISK

IN SELECTION OF LOCATION AND THE WAY

OF OPEN PIT MINES OPENING

1, Marjan HUDEJ

2 3

1 Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 RGP, Velenje, Slovenia, [email protected] 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The paper is focused on the problem of selecting the most suitable location and the way of opening the open pit mines, based on the multicriteria risk assessment.

In the introductory section, a presentation of demands regarding the problem of location selection and the way of opening the open pit mines is given, as well as the risks inherited and generated by the structure, mutual relationship and spatial and temporal variations of the influential factors such as geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, geotechnical, technical, technological, communication, ecological, urbanism, business-economics, market, investment and other factors.

The idiosyncrasy in decision making process regarding the selection of location and the way of opening the open pit mines in the design phase reflects in the presence of uncertainty in defining the causal-consequential relations and changes of influential factors.

In this ambience, the condition of securing the adequate and efficient decision making regarding the location and the way of opening the open pit mine is to provide a reliable, multicriteria assessment of the uncertainty and risk for each of the possible alternative solutions.

Accordingly, the paper continues with commented review of mathematical models

The example of the coal open pit mine Coal series floor layer at the Mining and Energy Combine Bitola, with seven possible ways of opening the open pit mine, served as a presentation tool for the purpose of displaying the benefits of the multicriteria Promethee model in risk assessment of selection of the most suitable opening variant.



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

Discussed, in the conclusions, are the advantages and shortages of the multicriteria analysis, and it is concluded that, in seeking the most suitable solution, the overall analysis is necessary, together with structuring all of the influential factors.

Keywords

Opencast Mining, Open Pit Mine, Opening Cut, Risk Assessment, Multi-Variable Analysis


39

EXPLOITATION



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES

AT PREMOGOVNIK VELENJE

1, Sergej JAMNIKAR

2, Jerneja LAZAR

3, Ludvik GOLOB

4

Coal Mine Velenje, Velenje, Slovenia

1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

For a rather long period, coal was non-competitive as an energy product in comparison to oil and natural gas and because of that less interesting. In the last time it is rising again. Major reasons for that are: energy price per unit, abundant and geographically dispersed fossil fuel, and relationship between worldwide supplies and consumption.

Competitive against rivals is development of new coal technologies which are ecologically friendlier. We called it CCT (Clean Coal Technologies). In spite of higher use of renewable sources and increasing energy efficiency and new best available technologies (BAT) it will be possible to keep a considerable share of electrical supply from coal power plants.

CCT will be in future a key submission at assuring sufficient amount of produced electrical energy worldwide, in European Union, and locally. At Premogovnik Velenje (Coal Mine Velenje) we are aware that greenhouse gases emissions are a problem. Therefore we established research project in 2007.

Its target is the use of best technologies that will contribute to rationalization of processes of production of coal, to assuring of higher safety and humanism, and solving of environmental problems. This paper presents activities for the cleaner production, preparation and utilization of coal. In the framework of power generation, these actions enable the conditions for the transfer of knowledge, research results and technologies into working practice. Concept of CCT is much wider in its definition. The research project in Premogovnik Velenje contains three more important round-off components in this phase of its development: Lignite Degasification; the CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS); and Underground Coal Gasification (UCG). We want to reach our targets with realization of these measures that comprise CCT: improvement of efficiencies and environmental acceptability of production of lignite, its processing, and utilizing.

Keywords

Coal, Degasification, Capture, Storage, CO2, Underground Gasification Of Coal



41

USAGE OF EMULSION EXPLOSIVES

ON SURFACE MINE ZELENIKOVEC - SKOPJE

MSc Trajche BOSHEVSKI1, Prof. D-r Risto R. DAMBOV

2

BSc. Mining engineer, Manager at Rudproekt, Skopje, R. Macedonia 2 UGD - FTNS, Institute of Mining, R. Macedonia

A B S T R A C T

This paper describes the advantages of using emulsion explosives on the surface mine Zelenikovec .

A comparison has been made with the other types of explosives regarding the cost of drilling, blasting, environmental protection and the safety while using them.

In the estimates, the criteria for using this type of emulsion explosives on the surface mine Zelenikovec have been met.

Keywords

Explosives, Emulsion, Open Pit Mine, Zelenikovec, Blasting



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

ANALYSIS OF OSCILLATIONS IN THE SLEWABLE

SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE Sch Rs 1200M

BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR

Diana TASHEVA1, Zdravko ILIEV

2

1 [email protected] 2 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The article introduces an approach for determining the operating conditions and the state of bucket wheel excavators. The approach is based on the assessment of oscillations that occur in the steel construction during operation.

A series of experimental measurements of acceleration along three axes at six characteristic points in the slewable superstructure of the bucket wheel excavator have been carried out. The results of the statistical processing of experimental data are included.

Keywords

Bucket Wheel Excavators, Diagnostic Systems



43

BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR BY SANDVIK

Dr. Stefan HINTERHOLZER

SANDVIK MINING SYSTEMS, Leoben, Austria

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The PE100-1600/1.5x20 Bucket Wheel Excavator made by Sandvik - by virtue of its design - with an overall

weight of 1,650 tons, is designed to handle 6,700 lm³/h or an annual capacity of 12.0 million fm³+t.

The complete supply for Bükkábrány (Hungary) consisted of a bucket wheel excavator and a belt wagon, as shown in Figure 1.

Keywords

Bucket Wheel Excavator, Mining System, Lignite Mine



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

PHENOMENON OF STONE THROWING

IN OPEN CAST MINING AND QUARRIES

Shaip LATIFI1, Ahmet TMAVA, Ibush JONUZI

Independent Commission for Mines and Minerals, Prishtina, Kosovo 1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Kosovo has a dense population, so the facilities starting for housing to the industrials facilities are in general very near to the mining activities starting from open pits, metal minerals, construction minerals, extraction site of rocks for their processing in aggregates for production of concrete, concrete asphalt, gravel for building the roads, extraction of chrome, bauxite, ferronickel, magnesia.

During the blasting, there is possibility of throwing the stones so the functions are done for reviewing the throwing distance of the pieces caused by explosive during blasting.

Keywords

Asphalt, Blasting, Function, Magnesia, Mineral



45

FGD GYPSUM TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL

ALTERNATIVES AT SERBIAN THERMAL POWER PLANTS

Rudarski institute d.o.o, Belgrade, Serbia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The paper outlines technological solutions for transport and disposal of the gypsum generated in the wet limestone flue gas desulphurization process that will be implemented in the existing thermal power plants Kostolac B, Nikola Tesla A and B.

As FGD gypsum utilization is presently undefined, it was necessary to evaluate the possibilities of efficient, reliable and safe handling and disposal of gypsum. In this paper two main alternatives are reviewed and described: transport and disposal of dry gypsum with 10% of moisture, and gypsum suspension with roughly 50% of solids.

Keywords

Disposal, FGD Gypsum, Transport



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MINING MECHANIZATION

DELAYS IN SURFACE MINE DEPARTMENT

OF BLACK COAL MINE BANOVICI

Misad 1 2

1 [email protected] 2 RGGF, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegivina, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper contains outlook of spatial distribution of mining mechanization flaws determined from data collected in process of GPS monitoring of mining mechanization which provide selection of information on working locations and mining mechanization flaws for any moment in time or period.

The aim of this data processing collected with GPS in process of mining mechanization monitoring is receiving of all relevant information on mechanization process. This includes gaining of information on working time and setbacks according to location for each day or selected periods.

In order to get information on mechanization labour from collected data it is necessary to adjust source data for extraction of needed information i.e. determiner of mechanization labour. In that context the short outlook of characteristics of source data regarding monitoring of mechanization is given as well as model of data processing for getting of information on structure of truck setbacks.

Keywords

GPS Data, Data Processing, Structure Delays



47

SHAFT SINKING AT VELENJE COAL MINE

1, mag. Ludvik GOLOB, mag. Bojan LAJLAR

Premogovnik Velenje,d.d., Velenje, Slovenia 1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Velenje coal mine is an underground mine with average annual production around 4 million tons of lignite coal. Our main conveyance system which brings whole mine production to the surface is a system of several consecutive belt conveyors. Due to mine development active production fields are moving to west part of coal deposit and existing conveyance system became widely spread and distant. In 2009 we started technical and economic studies for new production shaft equipped with skips. After exploration drilling and geologic research in 2010, we started with operational activities for shaft sinking in 2011.

In first and second phase of preliminary works we prepared infrastructures for construction site, we constructed shaft collar and we sank shaft to depth of 37 m, then we assembled and installed hanging platforms, top cover, temporary headframe and winch hall with nine winches.

Complete set of shaft sinking equipment was ready in September 2012 when we started with shaft sinking. In first 100 m we crossed several different geologic layers; we had difficult geologic conditions, water and mud irruptions, gas outburst, but we manage to break through. For such complex and difficult underground construction we implemented extensive geological and geotechnical surveillance.

Constant monitoring gave us very useful information, which were daily used to make decisions for operative activities. At the moment (12

th of July 2013) we are at depth of 150

m and shaft sinking is in progress. Final shaft depth will be 505 m and according to our plan we will finish shaft sinking till March 2015. After equipment assembly and commissioning we are planning to start with regular skip hoisting in February 2016.

Keywords

Production Shaft, Shaft Sinking, Skip, Hoisting, Underground Mining



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

EXCAVATION OF OVERBURDEN IN THE WATERED

WORKING AREA ABOVE THE ROOF OF COAL

IN EASTERN PART OF OPEN PIT DRMNO

,

Milan

A B S T R A C T

Performing the technical mining solutions given in the GRP operative unit of the mine was faced with two serious technological problems which are particularly shown in the eastern part of the OPM Drmno. One of the problems is that the current system of deep dewatering cannot fully bring down the underwater level and prepare the tier for digging, so then on contact of overburden with the roof there is a certain quantity of water which makes the pulp material during the excavator operation.

This material is very inconvenient when loading, transportation and disposal at the landfill and in winter conditions due to low temperatures, the material blocks certain functions of mechanization and operation of the system. Another problem is that the roof of the coal is not flat so the excavator cannot track on such a surface without a serious bulldozer work to make a route.

These problems have forced mining operative unit to try out a number of technical solutions in order to overcome these problems and allow mechanization to achieve the planned production. The existing technical solution that is now applied is technologically acceptable, but there is a disadvantage because the excavators working directly on the excavation or coal production are being taken from the other systems.

New technical solution is based on correction of the excavation technology and digging of discharge ducts at the base of the inner side of the slope levels, to prevent the flow of water in the excavator block during the overburden digging above the coal roof level. The proposed technical solution provides the ability to excavate a part of overburden with the designed machinery, or with an excavator SRs 2000 32/5 and it is not necessary to take the machinery from another system. And if the effect the excavator is reduced by the proposed solution, the excavation is far more acceptable, cost-effective and efficient than the existing one.


49

GEOPHYSICS IN MINING



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

USING SEISMIC METHODS FOR DEFINING

OPTIMAL PARAMETERS FOR BLASTING

Blagica DONEVA1, Marjan DELIPETREV, Todor DELIPETROV, Zoran PANOV

Faculty of natural and technical sciences, Stip, Republic of Macedonia

1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Mining is basic in the process of exploitation of mineral raw materials, whether it is a surface or underground mines. Separate section is the special blasting which must ensure strict, advance superiors conditions. Success in performed blasting depends on the applied method, the rocky massif and quantity of explosives.

To determine the method for blasting and the quantity of explosive in the blast holes, it is necessary to know the mechanical properties of the ground: direction of foliation, degree of cracking, Jung modulus of elasticity and other parameters which are used for mathematical modeling to define the position of the blast holes and the optimal quantity of explosive in them.

As a proper geophysical method for defining the mechanical properties of the rock complex is seismic method which gave all relevant parameters for successful blasting. Seismic method could be useful applied in defining the explosion zones: zone of thermal influence, internal plastic zone and external plastic zone.

In the paper, briefly, will be presented seismic method and the mechanical parameters derived from investigation.

Keywords

Blasting, Mechanical Properties, Parameters, Seismic Method



51

APPLYING GEOMAGNETIC RESEARCH METHOD

IN ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS OF GOLD

Marjan DELIPETREV1, Sanja POSTOLOVA, Blagica DONEVA,

Gorgi DIMOV, Todor DELIPETROV


1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Republic of Macedonia, according to current knowledge, have alluvial deposits of gold that were exploited in the past, unfortunately, long time was not addressed on this tip of deposits. Existence of contemporary geophysical methods, especially high precision magnetometers, gives relatively easy and very efficient possibility for defining the area of alluvial terraces, not only on the existing rivers but, also, in the old riverbed.

To define the most prospective areas for detailed research, bearing in mind that the gold and accompanying heavy precious metals are non-magnetic, which are of exploitation interest, almost always, paragenetic, magnetite is present with them. Magnetite as a mineral have the highest magnetic level, according to that is easy detectable.

Department of geology and geophysics owns appropriate equipment for geomagnetic profiling and software for analyses of measured data. Areas with registered anomalies should be investigated with schlich method and core drilling in order to define depth of alluvium.

Keywords

Alluvial Deposits, Geomagnetic Methods, Gold



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

APPLICATION OF GEOELECTRICAL RESEARCH

IN WORKING ENVIRONMENT FOR SLOPE STABILITY

IN SURFACE MINES ASSESSMENT

Zoran PANOV1, Risto POPOVSKI, Radmila KARANAKOVA STEFANOVSKA

Faculty of natural and technical science, Stip, Macedonia 1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

In this paper is presented a possible approach for defining the assessment of slope stability of the working environment. It is about using geolectrical methods for determination of some physical - mechanical characteristics of working area.

Determination of the specific electrical resistance of rocks, reflection and refraction of the ground and deformation of measurements with the total station of rocks play a major role in determining the stability of rocks.

Keywords

Geoelectric, Slope Stability, Electrical Resistance, Surface Mines



53

RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES TO SEISMIC EFFECTS

OF BLASTING IN THE VICINITY OF SURFACE MINING

RMU BANOVICI

Munever , Hamid , Rasim ,

Amira , Elvedina

Brown Coal Mines Banovici , 75000 Banovici, Bosnia and Herzegovina

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

In the immediate vicinity of the open pits of the coal mine RMU , as well as in the wider area around them, there is a large number of residential buildings which were built in different ways. The projected development of mining activities is in that direction and it is realistic to expect pronounced seismic effects of blasting on these objects.

According to the researches the vibration of the structure is larger from 1 to 2.8 times than input vibration of the ground and the duration of the vibration of the structure is longer from 1 to 2.2 times than ground motion. The values of these factors, besides blasting parameters and the properties of mined rocks, depend on constructive systems of buildings that are exposed to seismic effects.

The aim of this work is to determine the measures to be taken to mitigate the adverse effects of seismic blasting on the basis of completed seismic measurements.

Keywords

Blasting Parameters, Seismic Effects, Seismic Measurements, Residential Buildings



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

GEO-ELECTRICAL MODELS BASED ON DATA

GAINED FROM THE COAL MINE SUVODOL

Vladimir MANEVSKI1, Todor DELIPETROV

2, Blagica DONEVA

3,

Marjan DELIPETROV4, Gorgi DIMOV

5

1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected] 5 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Geophysics as science is significantly used in different industries such as the mining industry, the geotechnics, engineering geology, hydrogeology etc. In the Republic of Macedonia the usage of geophysics researches while determining the geological and structural characteristics of the working environments is not nearly on the level on which it should be. For these reasons this paper is going to elaborate the usage and the practicality of the geophysical examinations in the mining industry.

The example elaborated in this paper is based on data gained from the coal mine Suvodol . Through examination of the parameters from the boreholes and the geological

map of the coal mine we determinate the layered structure of the ore body that provides favorable conditions for applying the method of geo-electrical sounding. For this purpose, we use a measuring composition made of two current and two potential electrodes placed inline in Schlumberger layout.

Synthetic curves for real electrical resistance can be made while using the processed data from the boreholes. If the method is solved indirectly from these curves we can determine the specific electrical resistance of the materials which are present in the examined environment.

The depth of the examined area that is stimulated by the electrical current directly depends on the distance of the current electrodes. After every new measuring the current electrodes are successively drifting away and thereby we gain values for the apparent electrical resistance for different depths in the examined area. By connecting the values of the apparent electrical resistance, we create a curve for apparent electrical resistance of the environment.

A geo-electrical model of the researched environment is created by connecting all obtained curves. By processing the geo-electrical model using the data gained from the curves of the real electrical resistance, a geological image for the examined environment can be made.



55

When researching a specific environment with applying geophysical methods the number of the boreholes which are necessary for establishing the geological map can be reduced.

The loss of data that occurs by the reduction of the number of the boreholes is compensated with the data gained from the geophysical researches and therefore when researching geologically known or unknown environments with the use of the geophysical methods the costs can significantly reduce.

Keywords

Geo-Electrical Examination, Geo-Electrical Sounding, Specific Electrical Resistance, Synthetic Curves



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS

IN EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION

OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS

Todor DELIPETROV1, Krsto Blazev, Blagica DONEVA,

Marjan DELIPETREV, Gorgi DIMOV


1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Opening of a mine is complex procedure dependent on more parameters, but as the most important are: deposit with sufficient concentration of useful material which can be extract with appropriate technological process and economic working. Anyway, for possible opening of a mine, first and necessary factor is determination of deposit area and defining the space distribution and concentration of mineral raw material.

Intense exploitation of mineral raw materials which were base for future development of the industry, especially in 20-th century, caused many mines to finish their life. Deposits which were easy detectible and near to the surface, for a short time were depleted. The need for metals and non-metals, and especially energetic mineral raw materials increases, so the investigation from the Earth's surface went deeper in its interior.

If geological explorations were carriers of the discovery of sub - surface deposits of mineral raw materials, today there is a wide range of geophysical methods that gives possibility to expand the our knowledge deeper under the Earth's surface. Importance of geophysics should be underlined in exploration of seas and oceans which covered 3/4 from the Earth's area.

Geophysical methods are divided into: gravity, geomagnetic, geoelectrical, seismic, geothermal, radioactivity and radar methods with wide range of radiation.The paper, briefly presents the basic physical parameters characteristic for given methods.

Keywords

Gravity, Geomagnetic, Geoelectrical, Seismic, Geothermal, Radioactivity, Radar Methods


57

COMPUTER INTEGRATED SYSTEMS



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

THE KINETIC MODELING FROM DOMESTIC ORES

USING SOFTWARE TOOLS

Aleksandar KRSTEV1, Boris KRSTEV

2, Blagoj GOLOMEOV

2,

Mirjana GOLOMEOVA2, Afrodita ZENDELSKA

2, Zivko GOCEV

3,

Jordan ZIVANOVIK1

1 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Computer Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Natural &Technical Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Natural &Technical Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Natural &Technical Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Natural &Technical Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 3 Bucim Mine, 2000 Radovis, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

To improve kinetic models, many first - order flotation kinetics models with distributions of flotation rate constants were redefined so that they could all be represented by the same set of three model parameters. As a result, the width of the distribution become independent of its mean, and parameters of the model and the curve fitting errors, became virtually the same, independent of the chosen distribution function.

In our case, investigations of the chalcopyrite ores are carried out using the existing or mixed model. According to the experimental results obtained in laboratory, the Classical model is most appropriate for presentation of kinetic flotation, especially by means of MATLAB modeling.

Keywords

Flotation, Kinetic, Chalcopyrite, MATLAB, Modeling



59

MICROPROCESSOR CONTROL SYSTEM

FOR OPTIMIZATION OF ORE-GRINDING PROCESS

IN SEMIAUTOGENOUS MILL

T. PENZOV1, H. NONCHEV

2, I. LALOV

3

1 TRAPEN Company j.k.Lyulin, bl.717/B, Sofia, Bulgaria 1324, [email protected] 2 Chelopech mining AD, Chelopech, Bulgaria 2087 3 University of mining and geology, Sofia, Bulgaria 1700

A B S T R A C T

As a result of recent scientific and experimental study improved technical means for monitoring and control of the grinding process in semiautogenous (SAG) mill have been developed. The short description of two kind of sensors for measuring of impact pulses provoked at the grinding as well as modernized microprocessor module MILLCONT 2M for

The structure of the automatic system for optimization of the process in SAG mill with above mention technical means and the loops for measuring and control of the basic technological parameters are presented in the paper.

The aim is to be increased productivity of the grinding aggregate as well as to be improve the quality characteristics of the ready pulp at minimal interference of the operator. The nowadays achieved economical results from exploitation of control system implemented on SAG mill in ore-dressing factory of Dundee Precious Metals Inc.- Chelopech (Bulgaria) are given as well.

Keywords

Mill Loading, Impact Pulse Sensors, Microprocessor Module, Control Loops



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

AS THE RESEARCH TOOL FOR MINERALS

SEPARATION PROCESSES

V. F. SKOROKHODOV1, M. S. KHOKHULYA

2, A. S. OPALEV

3,

V. V. BIRUKOV4, R. M. NIKITIN

5

Mining Institute KSC RAS, Apatity, Russia 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected] 5 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The composition, movement and distribution of components accumulations as well as interaction of the phases of heterogenic environments in the working volumes of magnetic-gravity, gravity and flotation cells have been studied by methods of computational fluid dynamics.

Numerical modelling of separation processes has resulted in graphic and numerical data acquisition which characterise their particularities. The method has been suggested for estimation of surface energy of minerals particles during modelling flotation process.

Keywords

Computational Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Modelling, Separation Process



61

THE CONVEX PROGRAMMING

Elena GELOVA1, Aleksandar KRSTEV

2,

Jordan ZIVANOVIK3, Aleksandra STOJANOVA

4

1 Assistant, UGD-Stip, Faculty of Computer Science, Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Assistant Professor, UGD-Stip, Faculty of Computer Science, Macedonia, [email protected] 3 Full Professor, UGD-Stip, Faculty of Computer Science, Macedonia, [email protected] 4 Assistant, UGD-Stip, Faculty of Computer Science, Macedonia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Convex programming is the simplest and best processed area of nonlinear programming. Many properties of linear programs are transmitted to the convex programs.

In this paper properties of convex programs and methods for their solution like gradient method and method of convergence are listed, also an example of solving convex program is given.

Keywords

Convex program, Convex set, Minimum, Target Function



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

APPLICATIONS OF MS PROJECT FOR CREATION

AND MANAGEMENT SCHEDULES OF MINING ACTIVITIES

Yordanka ANASTASOVA1, Nikolay YANEV

2, Kantcho IVANOV

3


A B S T R A C T

This article discusses the problems of creation, visualization, control and management of schedules for various mining activities. Emphasis is placed on MS Project - a software product designed to create plans, projects and schedules as well as control and management of their implementation. It is discussed in a practical manner its ability to analyze the amount of work, the spent finances, the invested time and the risks about implementation both of a specific activity and all activities performed simultaneously in a mining company.

The activities performed in the mining sector include large amount of tasks and resources which have strictly fixed time for their completion.

Here are investigated three typical examples of creating and managing schedules in different types of mining activities, namely:

- Schedule for driving a new mining working;

- Schedule for introduction of new equipment and technology;

- Schedule for cyclic-recurrent mining activities.

The activities, the resources, the duration and the opportunities for controlling them are described in a summarized way. The relations between the activities, the resources and the time for their implementation are defined. The effectiveness of the use of different types of calendars - standard and continuous - 24 hours that is specific to the continuous mining activities is evaluated.

The effect from using the resources for adequate managerial decisions in case of critical situations that MS Project provides is illustrated through the examined examples.

Keywords

Creation, Management, Mining Activities, MS Project, Schedules


63

ROCK MECHANICS, MASSIF CONTROL AND SLOPE

STABILITY



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

ANALYSIS OF STATE OF STRESS AND DEFORMATION

OF THE MASSIF TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION PROBABILISTIC

NATURE OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Prof. Georgi MIHAYLOV1, Assoc. Proc. Georgi TRAPOV

2, Mariana TRIFONOVA

3

University of Mining and Geology, Sofia, Bulgaria


A B S T R A C T

A digital model for analysis of state of stress and deformation of the massif using Finite Element Method (FEM) is presented. Geomechanical features in developing ore bodies using Stope and Pillar Mining and Cut and Fill Stoping are reviewed. Algorithms for assessment of state of stability in solving elastic and elastoplastic problems are developed. Index called Factor of Safety (FS) is introduced as a quantitative indicator describing

-Brown, Mohr-Coulomb and modifie

Substantial element in the report is probabilistic approach deployment in modeling basic

ratio, uniaxial compress

starts with statistical modeling of every one of input parameters and then FEM is applied.

behavior calculations and simulation of input parameters is achieved. This approach offers opportunity for probabilistic nature of failure zones to be determined using appropriate topographic surfaces.

Practical realization of this complex procedure offers the opportunity for relevant methods for failure zones neutralization to be applied at optimal human and material resources consumption.

Keywords

Open-pit, Underground Ore Mining, Finite Elements Method, Stress Analysis, Monte-Carlo Method



65

THE FALL OF THE EMBANKMENT IN BEJAR

GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA ANALYSIS (Case Study)

MSC, Ing. Ylli KOTEMELO1, dr. Edmond GOSKOLLI

2, Ing. Arjo LULE

3

1 Faculty of Geology and Mining, Tirana, Albania, [email protected] 2 National Agency of Natural Resources, Tirana, Albania, [email protected] 3 Albanian Development Fund, Tirana, Albania, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

In February 2012 in Bejar sector, building project of Levan -Tepelenë road The North - South, Albania-Balkans corridor, there has been a slide in the embankment construction, trapeze-shaped measuring height 13m, width 48m under the main perceived 13 m at the top.

First opinion: Slip, disconnect the embankment body, due to poor quality of work and quality of materials not appropriate compression. Later it was concluded that: 1 Embankments was sunk on earth , in water saturated clay, 2-fall of the embankment occurred in an equal space where realized: building an artisan well, supporting channels, a culverts, space where the works were digging and rebuilding the embankment.

This paper will analyze the reasons that led to the demolition of balancing natural formations in the structure, resulting in collapse:

- Reducing Shear zone geological formations, the perimeter of the excavation, during excavation for construction of embankment above.

- The action of forces on vertical incision from above, during the compression process with vibration, as in the formations below the embankment, as well as the material that formed it, during restoration works,

- Change the mode of work and out of formations under (forward) embankment from: further speculate clay formations with water, groundwater movement, swelling and freezing processes.

- Passing the plastic lying, the current, soon to become the area where the work, swelling of soils in the area outside, increasing the pressures that brought down just at the culvert and swelling of its formations.

- Commonwealth of physical, physico-chemical, varying the composition, condition and properties of formations.



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

Analysis of the phenomena and the use of hindsight in determining the physico-mechanical characteristics of the formations, and hydro-geologicals conditions, which led to the collapse of the embankment, is the subject of this study.

Keywords

Slide, Embankment, Trapeze-Shaped, Groundwater Movement, Collapse



67

CORRELATION BETWEEN SEISMIC

VELOCITIES AND GEOTECHNICAL

PARAMETERS OF CARBONATE DEPOSITS

Gorgi DIMOV1, Blagica DONEVA

1, Marjan DELIPETROV

1, Todor DELIPETROV

1

Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev Stip, Republic of Macedonia 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents the research of several carbonate deposits with seismic measurements and assessment of their geotechnical parameters on the field and in the laboratory.

The importance of this type of geophysical exploration should be seen by the fact that these methods cheaper the process of defining the real model of the rock complex and getting on parameters that are relevant for the whole investigation area.

Geotechnical measurements on the samples conducted in laboratory are very important, but received data are relevant only for certain point, not for the whole area.

Real model for the area will be made if geophysical data are combined with the data from the investigative drilling and laboratory geotechnical research.

This paper will have important impact in the interpretation of the carbonate complexes if velocities of the seismic waves are known and according to them to be defined geotechnical parameters, without laboratory investigations. Also, vice versa, if geotechnical parameters are known, the seismic velocities could be defined.

Keywords

Carbonate Deposits, Geophysical Exploration, Geotechnical Research



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION

OF THE DISRUPTED NORTHERN SLOPE

COAL BASIN OF KOSTOLAC, REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

1

Simeun MARIJANAC,


A B S T R A C T

The disrupted northern slope of the open pit mine of coal , at which exploitation was terminated, in the coal basin Kostolac of the Republic of Serbia, is the subject of designing and spatial planning. The goal is the rehabilitation of the landslide and shaping of the slope for a planned purpose.

Main influences on the project solution were: lithology and work environment tectonics, engineering-geological and hydro-geological conditions, the position of mining objects and roads, planned usage of space, limitations and environment influences, technical-technological capabilities of the mechanization at disposal for construction work, protection of the environment, work costs etc.

This paper describes the problem. Influential and limiting factors were listed and the solution for the disturbed slope of this open pit mine is displayed.

Keywords

Slope, Rehabilitation, Landscaping



69

DETERMINATION OF SLAKE DURABILITY INDEX

ON SATURATED SPHERICAL SAMPLES

Huseyin ANKARA1, Mehmet AKSOY

2, Suheyla YEREL

3,

Yasar KESER4, Zeynep CICEKCI

5

1 Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Department of Mining Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey, [email protected] 2 Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Department of Mining Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey, [email protected] 3 Bilecik University, Department of Civil Engineering, Bilecik, Turkey, [email protected] 4 Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Department of Mining Engineering, Turkey, [email protected] 5 Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Department of Mining Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey

A B S T R A C T

In literature, there are several parameters effective on the results of Slake Durability Index

degradability. One of these parameters is the geometrical shapes of the rock chunks used in test. Although it is offered in the ASTM and ISRM standard that the shapes of rock chunks should be close to spherical as much as possible, the preparation of the samples having this geometrical shape is quite hard with the current applied technique of sample preparation.

In this study, to minimize the difficulties encountered in the preparation of the equivalent sized spherical samples, a new sample preparation method which is called as Pasha Method is proposed.

In this method, firstly, samples were cut in the form of cube whose dimensions were determined according to the density of the rock to be subjected to the slake durability index test. Secondly, cubic samples were cut in such a special way called as Pasha cut that the twelve sides and eight corners of cubic samples are cut to obtain the geometrical shape (pre-spherical form) which is closest to spherical form.

Finally, these samples having pre-spherical form are placed into sphere preparation instrument in order to obtain the equal-sized spherical test samples.

In order to apply this new sample preparation method, white tuff samples were collected at the tuff quarry located at the Eskisehir region in Turkey. The collected samples were brought to rock mechanics laboratory. In the laboratory, white tuff samples were prepared. Equal-sized spherical samples are prepared according to the new method, Pasha Method.



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

Then, slake durability index test have been applied to saturated spherical samples. The index values of saturated spherical samples have been compared with the results of another study performed on the same tuff samples.

Consequently, the decrease in the slake durability index values were observed as a result of physical effects of saturation on spherical samples.

Keywords

Slake Durability Index, Spherical Sample, Pasha Method



71

RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF STRESS STRAIN STATE

WITHIN DEEP OPEN PITS UNDER TECTONIC STRESSES

KOZYREV A. A.1, SEMENOVA I.E.

2, RYBIN V.V.

3, AVETISYAN I.M.

4

Mining Institute of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Fersman st., Apatity, Murmansk region, Russia


A B S T R A C T

The paper presents the results of numerical modelling of stress strain state in the rock mass within designed deep open pits in the Zhelezny mine owned by Kovdorsky GOK JSC and the Tsentralny mine owned by Apatit JSC on the basis of in situ stress measurements. Hazardous areas in the wall rock mass have been identified. The conditions of maintenance of deep pit walls stability with vertical benches have been determined.

For modelling calculations there was applied a method of successive approximations supposing formation of nested numerical models with different detail level. They range from small- -scaled which study stress strain state within separate elements of mining technology. The calculations were carried out by the finite element method with the software SigmaGT designed by the Mining Institute KSC RAS.

The research results were applied for development of the regulations for the mining operations at the apatite-nepheline Plateau Rasvumchorr deposit (the Tsentralny mine) and the apatite-magnetite-baddeleyite Kovdor deposit (the Zhelezny mine).

Keywords

Mathematic Modelling, Open Pit Mining, Pit Walls Stability, Rock Mechanics, Stress State



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

FIELD-SCALE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STRESS FIELD

AND THE EXCAVATION DAMAGED ZONE EXTENT,

THE KOLA PENINSULA, RUSSIA

A. A. KOZYREV1, V. V. RYBIN

2, K. N. KONSTANTINOV

3

1 Mining Institute of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MI KSC RAS), Apatity, Russia, [email protected] 2 MI KSC RAS, Apatity, Russia, [email protected] 3 MI KSC RAS, Apatity, Russia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The open pit slope stability and the stability of separate benches depend on the state of stress, properties and structural disturbance of the intact rock mass, as well as on a secondary anthropogenic rock disturbance due to the effective static and dynamic stress fields in open-pit mining and ore breaking. It is these parameters that are first taken into account in justification of critical angles of benches and pit slopes in rock masses. The state of stress of a rock mass is determined by a doorstopper stress-relief technique in the Zhelezny open-pit benches, the Kovdorsky iron-ore deposit, as well as in the Tsentralny and Njorkpakhksky apatite-nepheline deposits, the Khibiny massif, outside the disturbed zone.

Within the open-pit benches, the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) extent was determined by ultrasonic logging, by coring, and also by the televiewer survey data. It has been established that, depending on the blasting techniques, rock properties and fracturing, the EDZ extent ranges from 0 m to 12 m deep into the surrounding rock mass. Outside the EDZ, determination of stress state of rock masses hosting the open pits said was carried out, and effective horizontal stresses exceeding 3 to10 times gravitational stresses resulting from the dead weight of rocks (γ ) have been determined.

Lateral pressure, parallel to pit walls, increases cohesion between blocks in a block medium, which should be taken into consideration in calculations made in substantiating the angle of open pit slopes. One of the necessary measures to increase the pit walls stability is to decrease the depth of the EDZ extent to 1 m in benches by a smooth blasting technique applied in formation of the final pit outline.

Keywords

Rock Mechanics, Open Pit Wall, Stress-Strain State, Geophysical Methods, Mining Safety



73

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS

IN THE DAM 2 FLOTATION TAILINGS

VELIKI KRIVELJ (SERBIA)

Sladjana KRSTIC1, Vesna LJUBOJEV, Milenko LJUBOJEV,

Dusan TASIC, Ivana JOVANOVIC

Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Bor, Serbia

1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper is the result of the Project no. 33021 Research and Monitoring the Changes of Stress-Strain State in the Rock Massif in-situ Around the Underground Rooms with a Development Model With a Special Review of the Tunnel to the Krivelj Pit River and Pine , funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Geotechnical remediation activities on the flotation tailings Veliki Krivelj during 2011/2012 were carried out on the dam 2.

Three geotechnical boreholes[5]

consist entirely of fine-to medium-fine sand to the maximum depth reached 93.0 m below the surface. Grain size composition cyclone sand (about 75% fine sand and 25% silt) showed a sustained decrease in grain size with depth. In the upper layers of fine content was found (dust and clay) of about 25 percent, while in the deeper layers of this amount increases to 75%.

Geotechnical parameters of the dam 2 (tests were performed on nine samples from dams) are: permeability k = 5x10 6 m/s, angle of internal friction φ = 25

0 and cohesion (triaxial) c

= 0.5 kPa.

Keywords

Geotechnical Remediation Activities, Grain Size Composition, Dam 2, Geotechnical Parameters, Permeability, Angle Of Internal Friction, Triaxial Cohesion



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

METHODOLOGY FOR GEOMECHANICAL LOGISTICS

OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A TRANSPORT TUNNEL

AT ELATZITE COOPER MINE, BULGARIA

Vladimir VUTOV1, Ventsislav IVANOV

2

1 M Eng., President GEOSTROY JSCo, Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Prof. Dr., University of Mining and Geology St. Ivan Rilski , Sofia, Bulgaria

A B S T R A C T

This paper describes the methodology for logistics of the design and construction of a tunnel for ore transportation by belt conveyor from Primary Crushing Unit 3 to Primary Crushing Unit 2 that are located in the NE part of the mine.

The rock massif in the project area comprises granodiorities of the same lithological type differing in terms of rate of secondary alterations and disturbance.

The transport tunnel is 560 m long, is horseshoe shaped and has 10,6 m2 light cross

section. It has a north oriented axis and a gradient of 9 in the SN direction. Sections of the tunnel from 0 to 280 m and from 440 to 560 m cross a natural rock massif. The middle part of the tunnel crosses a technogenic embankment of highly compacted rock lumps.

The study started with an evaluation of the rock massif stress state in the region of the Elatzite ore deposit and in the area of the tunnel using diagnostical methods and in situ

measurements.

The mechanical properties of lithologies have been assessed on the basis of laboratory testing of borehole samples taken from the surface above the area. The evaluation of geomechanical conditions and behaviour of the hosting massif is based on results obtained through classifications RMR, Q and GSI method. The results of the above determinations have been used to create a multi-index database for providing a pro-active logistics of the project.

On the basis of the database and of the rock mass classes, the project zone was divided into five sections and a geomechanical model of the Host Massif Transport Tunnel system was constructed. Numerical investigations of this system were carried out to determine the efficient methods of construction and support of the tunnel.

Finally, practical recommendations were given.



75

GEOMECHANICAL STABILITY MONITORING

IN THE REK BITOLA MINES

Ljupcho DIMITRIEVSKI1, Darko ILIEVSKI

2, Ljubisha KOSTADINOV

2,

Ljube IVANOVSKI2, Dragan MILENKOVSKI

3

1 Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of civil engineering, Skopje, Macedonia, [email protected] 2 GEING Krebs und Kiefer International and others Ltd, Skopje, Macedonia, [email protected] 3 AD ELEM, REK Bitola, Bitola, Macedonia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Exploitation of coal in Coal mines in REK Bitola: in the Suvodol mine, in the Brod-Gneotino mine and in the PJS (subbase coal serial) mine have a great meaning for the energetic system in Republic of Macedonia.

In order to provide safe exploitation of mines in REK Bitola, the geo-mechanical stability conditions of the excavation blocks in the mines in REK Bitola, were being followed each month and from the analyses, the received data for stability conditions of the excavation blocks and the current and planned stability conditions for the following month for all three mines in REK Bitola.

The analyses of stability were made with licensed geotechnical software GALENA, simulating the stability conditions by profiles. Calculations of stability were made by

Based on the obtained results, recommendations are being made for the way of exploitation in the next period in order to ensure satisfaction of stability of the surface mines.

Keywords

Exploitation, Coal, Factor of Safety, Operating Slopes



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY CHARACTERIZATION

OF THE MODIFIED LIMESTONE

1 5 2,

3 4

1

Serbia, [email protected]

2

Serbia, [email protected] 3 Esperey St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 4

Serbia, [email protected] 5 Faculty of Mining and Geology - University of [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents comparative results of physicochemical characterization of limestone Arandjelovac before and after modification of its original minerals calcite stearic

acid. Modification of calcite was carried out with two different procedures and a wet and dry .

In order to monitor the change of the calcite surface modification that directly affect the properties of limestone as raw material, following methods were used: the determination of the degree of coverage achieved hydrophobicity as an indicator minerals, X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and microscopic analysis.

The results showed that the total hydrophobicity is achieved at a concentration of stearic acid 1.5% in wet process, and 3% for dry with the results microscopic analysis in accordance with the obtained degree of coating. On the basis of the infrared spectra, it was concluded that there was no change in the position and intensity of most strip of modified calcite relative to the base. Also, X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that the calcite after modifying stearic acid retains its basic structure.

Keywords

Calcite, IR, Limestone, Microscopic Analysis, XRPD Analysis



77

SLIDING PARTS WEAR INFLUENCE TO DRIVE UNIT

LOADING OF LONGWALL SHEARERS

Ing. Petr TOMEK

VSB - Technical University, Ostrava, Czech Republic

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of sliding parts and their wear level to performance characteristics of the longwall shearers at low seams thickness conditions and to driving units loading especially.

Author processed real data measured at concrete mining conditions of longwalls in real underground mines.

The results of this work will be used at engineering designs of longwall shearers, in low seam thickness conditions especially.

Keywords

Mining Machinery, Mining Equipment, Sliding parts, Longwall Shearers, Driving Units



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

WORKING AND FINAL SLOPES STABILITY ANALYSIS

IN SURFACE EXCAVATION MINE R'ZANOVO

Ljupce KULAKOV1, Zoran GJORGIEVSKI

2, Zlatko ILIJOVSKI

3

1 Drezdenska 52, Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Drezdenska 52, Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 3 Drezdenska 52, Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

As a result of the continuing process of exploitation of Fe-Ni ores in the surface excavation mine of R'zanovo, there was a need developed for conducting a continuous analysis for the stability of the operational and final slopes, thus achieving a high level of safety in the excavation.

For this purpose, continuous monitoring was introduced with the most modern methods and techniques for calculation and analysis of the operational and final slopes of the mine.

Keywords

Mapping, Analysis, Stability, Safety



79

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIMESTONE BRIQUETTES

WITH BENTONITE FOR CALCIFICATION OF ACID SOIL

1

Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Belgrade, Serbia 1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents results of preliminary investigations of mechanical properties of briquettes for agricultural purposes (calcification of acid soil) obtained from limestone

in laboratorial roll briquette press. Bentonite in various mass fractions to limestone (1-10%) was used as the binding agent, while pressure between press rolls as well as other parameters were constant for all the samples.

Impact resistance, resistance to pressure, abrasion resistance and solubility in water of the obtained briquettes were investigated. Results presented demonstrate that there is no need to produce briquettes containing more than 5% of the binding agent since it does not cause any significant improvement of mechanical properties.

Keywords

Limestone, Briquetting, Roll press, Mechanical properties, Soil pH



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

EVALUATING THE NOISE FROM BLOCK CUTTING

MACHINES USING THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL

ROCK PROPERTIES

Sair KAHRAMAN1, M. Suat DELIBALTA

2, Ramazan COMAKLI

3

Mining Engineering Depart., Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey


A B S T R A C T

Millions of employees in the World are exposed to noise at work. Noise affects humans both physically and psychologically, whose impacts vary from person to person. Block cutting machine is one of the most important noise sources in the stone processing factories. In this study, the assessability of the noise from the block cutting machines in the stone processing factories using the physico-mechanical rock properties was investigated.

The noise levels of some block cutting machines were firstly measured during the cutting of the three different rocks. Then, core samples of the same rocks were cut by an automatic cutting machine in the laboratory and noise levels were measured. A conversion factor was obtained by dividing the site noise levels by the laboratory noise levels.

Then, fifty six different rocks were cut by an automatic cutting machine in the laboratory and noise levels were measured. The physico-mechanical properties of rock samples were also measured in the laboratory. The rocks properties and the laboratory noise level were evaluated using the regression analysis.

Strong correlations were found between the laboratory noise level and the physico-mechanical rock properties. The noise level increases with increasing rock strength, P-wave velocity, and density. However, increasing porosity decreases the noise level. It was concluded that the laboratory noise level for a new rock type to be cut can be estimated using the reliable relations derived. Then, the laboratory noise level can be converted to the site noise level using the derived conversion factor.

Keywords

Block cutting machines, Noise level, Physico-mechanical rock properties, Regression analysis


81

BALKAN MINERAL INDUSTRY



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

POSSIBILITY OF USING LIMESTONE FROM

VOLUJICA - ULCINJ DEPOSIT AS FILLER

IN VARIOUS INDUSTRY BRANCHES

Dragan S. 1, Slavica R.

1,

Vladimir D. 1 2

1

Serbia, [email protected] 1 de, Serbia, [email protected] 1

Serbia, [email protected] 2 Faculty of Mining and Geology - University of Belgrade, 7 Djusina St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents results of investigations of the possibility of using Volujica -Ulcinj limestone (Republic Montenegro) as filler in various industry branches. Micronization methods, granulometric composition, oil and water absorption and degree of whiteness were investigated, and chemical and thermal analyses (DT/TG) were performed.

Physico-chemical properties of this limestone classify it among high quality carbonate raw materials with high CaCO3 content of 97.87%, as well as MgO content of 1.04% (2,18% content of MgCO3) and low silicate content (SiO2 0.40%).

Its quality satisfies requirements of standards on using of calcium carbonate as filler in industry of paints and coatings; paper industry; rubber and PVC industry; glass industry; production of mineral fertilizers; foundry industry; sugar industry and metallurgy.

Due to the low degree of whiteness (81.65%) Volujica limestone cannot be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. Due to relatively high content of heavy metals, Pb (55 ppm), Cu (10 ppm), Ni (23ppm) and Cd (5 ppm), Volujica limestone cannot be used, in production of cattle feed and for neutralization of acidic soils.

Keywords

Filler, Industrial use, Limestone, Standards



83

LENDAVA

- THE FIRST GEOTHERMAL CITY IN SLOVENIA

1, 2

, 1

1 UL, Faculty of Natural sciences and Engineering, Department of Geo-technology and Mining, 2 NAFTA GEOTERM, Mlinska ulica 5 LENDAVA

Corresponding Author's E-mail: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

In 1994, however, the construction of the production of geothermal wells Lendava-2g (Le-2g) in Lendava started to build the geothermal system for heating of residential and commercial premises. Since then continual upgrading and the extension of the geothermal system and the geothermal district heating Lendava city has been done.

Thus, Lendava became the first geothermal city in Slovenia where all the major users will be gradually connected to the geothermal heating system. In 2007 after determining the optimal location and the construction of relevant projects, a geothermal reinjection well Le-3g was built in Lendava, the first of this kind and purpose in Slovenia. Project was finished in 2011.

In Lendava the geothermal heating system for residential and commercial premises is in the construction phase. Currently consumers are connected to the system of 45000 m

2

total heating. In view of the large energy potential available, at least 50000 MWht/year (in the Δt - 30°C) gradually new consumers will be connected to the system.

At the same time, with the expansion of the district heating system network, a low temperature system is being built as well. This will significantly increase the efficiency of the entire system and thereby improve the economics of exploitation of geothermal energy.

Keywords

Geothermal Energy, Heating, Well, Reinjection, Thermal Water


M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

SYSTEM ENGINEERING



85

GREEN ENERGY FROM THE NIKOLA TESLA

THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN OBRENOVAC

(Cooling Water System Hydropower Plant)

Bozica SANDIC1, Jelena MILOSEVIC

2, Radmilo GLISIC

3

1 Electric Power Industry of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 Electric Power Industry of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 3 Energoproject Hydroengineering, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Nikola Tesla B Thermal Power Plant is part of the installed thermal power capacities operated by Elektroprivreda Srbije. It was built on the right bank of the Sava River, some 50 km upstream from Belgrade. To generate electricity it uses coal, while the water required for cooling of two installed units (each 625 MW) comes from the Sava River. In addition to the existing two units, there are plans to build a third one with the capacity of over 700 MW.

3/s per thermal power plant

unit gravitationally flows back to the Sava River via overflow chambers.

Substantial water amount and available head of some 5 m provide realistic potentials to use water power to generate electricity in a small hydropower plant. Installed capacity of Small hydropower plant is 1,85 MW, and energy production is 16,19 GWh per year. This will make possible the use of two types of energy, thermal and hydro energy, and achievement of a common objective - electricity generation.

This paper presents a technical-economic analysis of electricity generated in the above manner, i.e. by using two types of energy sources, coal and clean water power.

Keywords

Green Energy, Small Hydropower Plant


M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

MANAGMENT AND MINING ECONOMICS



87

MINIMIZATION OF BUSINESS RISKS

IN MINING COMPANIES THROUGH

LOADERS-TRUCK EQUIPMENT SELECTION

1 2,

3 4

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Serbia, [email protected] 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Serbia, [email protected] 4 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining And Geology, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper deals with loaders-truck equipment selection problem for surface mines. In the case of surface mine of mineral resources, the economic success of a mining company depends mostly on the planning and control of transport costs. So far, many methods are used for finding a compatible set of trucks and loaders such that the overall cost of the mining companies is minimised.

The aim of this paper is to define an integer linear model for finding optimal solution set of trucks and loaders. A numerical example is given to illustrate its application to solving the real problems.

Keywords

Integer Linear Model, Loaders-Truck Equipment, Surface Mines



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

CYCLIC FLOW CONVEYOR SYSTEMS

- PRESENT AND FUTURE AT THE ASSAREL MINE OPERATIONS,

ASSAREL-MEDET SC - BULGARIA

Eng. Lachezar TSOTSORKOV PhD1,

Eng. Delcho NIKOLOV2, Eng. Michail MICHAILOV

3

Assarel-Medet JSC Panagyurishte 4500, Telephone: (0357) 602 10 Fax: (0357) 602 50 [email protected], asarel.com 1 Executive Director 2 General Director, [email protected] 3 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Assarel-Medet JSC Mining and Processing Complex is the first, largest and leading Bulgarian mining company for copper ore mining which provides more than 50% of the national and about 0.5% of the world production of copper, a metal vital for human existence and development.

The Assarel-Medet Joint-Stock Company boasts with its 48-year old history. It was created in 1991 based on the Medet Mining and Processing Complex which started its activity on December 29, 1964 and was operational until 1994 and the Assarel Mining and Processing Complex which was commissioned on December 6, 1989.

The strategic aim of our company is to achieve low cost price and high quality per unit of produced copper, respectively high quality of produced concentrates and associated products and services - utilizing the available mineral resources to a maximal extent and in a most efficient manner, ensuring occupationally safe and environmentally friendly operations.

Guided by this objective, the company is traditionally a pioneer in the country in implementing state-of-the-art mining equipment and new technologies being a paragon of high corporate culture.

As a part of the production circuit, technological transportation is a separate unit which greatly predetermines open pit mining efficiency. This is the most dynamic, energy consuming and costly technological process in any open pit.



89

Considering the past experience with the used types of technological transport in open pits such as trucks, conveyors and cyclic flow conveyors and their advantages and drawbacks, it was established that a sufficiently high efficiency cannot be achieved for the entire life of the mine if only one of these transportation types is used.

When reaching a certain depth in the pit, it becomes obvious that applying combined transportation schemes is most effective. This is most often a combination of trucks and conveyor transportation which form the basis of the so called Cyclic Flow Conveyor System (CFCS).

The experience at the Assarel Mine proves that combined cyclic flow conveyor transportation arranged based on the truck-conveyor technological structure is the most efficient way to haul mining loads.

The analysis of delays, throughput, availability (Av.) and usability (Us.) during the various periods of the complex mechanical system operation related to truck transportation and cyclicl flow conveyor technologies demonstrates a good stability.

The results achieved throughout the 12-year-old operation of the devices provide the best evaluation of the efficiency of the joint operation of the trucks and the Cyclic Flow Conveyor System for waste haulage at the Assarel Mine. The decision to continue applying these technologies in the future are the based on these results.

Keywords

Cyclic Flow Conveyor System, Assarel-Medet JSC, Availability, Usability, Truck Fleet, Productivity, Production Efficiency, Open Pit Mining, Waste Haulage, Ore Haulage



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

METHODOLOGY FOR INVESTMENT DECISIONS

IN ACTIVE MINES

Prof. Dushan NIKOLOVSKI Ph.D.

International Slav University G. R. Derzavin - Sveti Nikole - Bitola

A B S T R A C T

The mining industry in the process of development has been facing to numerous uncertainties and risks having internal or external features which refer to the new as well

planning of mining production of semi-metal mines for lead and zinc are directly connected to the amount of money invested, the methodology for making an investment decision and carrying out the process of the management investing.

The investments as a determinant of the restart of the active mines coincide with the investment decision. Decision theory makes difference between the independent and risky

of the active mines referring to the conditions of market working is performed by simulation of activities using the methodology for making an investment decision.

The conceptual model is into a phase of development, it has been being developed by using our general knowledge as well as built up by the discussions of other experts. The presented methodology for making an investment decision through realization of business of the mining companies has recognized developing strategies having long-term success and overcoming of the risks in an optimal way.

The development of the presented model represents a system of qualitative and quantitative expression of the conceptual knowledge model by the author, which is supplemented by other experts opinions referring to the investment area.



91

ON-LINE ASH-ANALYZERS

AND SCALES IN OPEN COAL MINES

- Coal Quality Management System

Dr. Ari ARTINYAN1, Luben DIMOV

2

1 Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria 2 ANALIX Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria

A B S T R A C T

A new generation of on-belt ash-meters and scales was designed by Analix, Bulgaria. Accuracy, reliability, and stability are improved by a new high-tech electronics design and software.

A Coal Quality Management System (CQMS) based on seventeen on-belt ash-analyzers (and belt scales in same time) BCA-6 was built in the biggest Bulgarian coal open pits - Maritza East Mines. The on-belt instruments are mounted directly on the twelve coal excavators and at the end of the all five conveyor lines transporting coal to the three Thermal Power Plants working in the same area. The analyzers are connected in radio net and information is transferred on-line to the pit dispatchers and the staff in charge.

The benefits of using the CQMS come from meeting the requirements for a constant quality of the coal delivered to TPP and from making use of the high ash-content coal. Anticipated decrease of production costs for 1t of coal is 2-3%.

Keywords

Ash-meters, Coal quality control, On-belt analyzers, On-belt Scales, Radioisotope Instruments



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

DETERMINING RELEVANT ATTRIBUTES

AND CORRESPONDING INDICATORS IN

A DECISION MAKING CONCEPT FOR SITE-SELECTION

OF COAL FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANTS

Daniela MLADENOVSKA1, Ana M. LAZAREVSKA

2

1 JSC Macedonian Power Plants, Skopje, Macedonia 2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Each investment decision is followed by risks and uncertainties which depend on its complexity. In particular, when it comes to construction of electricity generation facilities, there is a variety of relevant factors significantly influencing the price of the generated electricity, as well as the environment in general. In the case of coal-fired thermal power plants, the problem is even more complex, especially when, due to lack of space, lack of transportation infrastructure, unsuitable terrain, water supply issues etc., situating the potential thermal power plant in the vicinity of the mine is questionable, or even impossible. In such cases, while the construction of a new power plant near the mine shall result in higher capital costs, possible selection of a more distant location with already existing infrastructure, shall often lead to increasing operational costs due to the increased coal transportation costs.

Improved and objective cognition of such complex systems from a risk assessment perspective is a must, in parallel with the notion to deliver rational and objective decisions regarding levelized electricity costs and minimized environmental impact, whereby preserving safety and reliability in-situ.

In the herein presented paper, the main goal is to identify the crucial factors (i.e. attributes) and the corresponding indicators for delivering decisions relevant for site-screening and optimal site-selection of a coal-fired thermal power plant. In particular, we focus on the mine specific factors and their functional interdependence as part of a more generalized multi criteria decision making (MCDM) concept for enabling selection of optimal alternatives for coal-fired thermal power plant site selection, with minimized levelized electricity costs, while maintaining minimal environmental impact.

Keywords

Decision-Making Indicators, Thermal Power Plants, Site Selection, Coal Mining



93

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS IN LIMESTONE DEPOSIT,

REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO

Ahmet BYTYÇI1, Edmond GOSKOLLI

2, Idaver HISEINI

3, Nexhmi KRASNIQI

4

1 KEK, Prishtinë, Kosovë, [email protected] 2AKBN, Tiranë, Albania 3 UT, Tetovë, Macedonia, [email protected] 4 KEK, Prishtinë, Kosovë, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Substantial reserves of limestone and limestone dolomites are used as materials in construction and industry can be found everywhere throughout the territory of Kosovo, but also have to show dolomites which occur mainly in the western areas of the country. These deposits have an economic importance for the Republic of Kosovo, which is under Mining Strategies year (2012-2025) have been researched and documented more than 276 areas of limestone with 7.69 billion m³, 120 marbles areas with 2.18 billion m³ and two dolomite areas with about 1.4 billion m³.

In this paper a functional model in the deposits of carbonate rocks is presented. One such model is applied to mineral deposit limestone Astrazub which uses the company Geo

useful minerals, should question the analysis of costs and benefits (B/C) for these mineral resources in Kosovo.

Keywords

Limestone, Reserves, Cost benefit



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF THE EXECUTED

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE NIKOLA TESLA B

UNIT 3 AND SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION

IN OBRENOVAC

Marko BABOVIC, M.Sc.1, Branislav BABIC, B.B.A.

2

Electric Power Industry of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia

[email protected] [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Building of a small hydropower plant (Phase I - 1.85MW and Phase II - 0.92MW) is planned at the available cooling water outlet to supply the Nikola Tesla B TPP Unit 3 as part of Elektroprivreda Srbije strategic projects and the Nikola Tesla B TPP Unit 3 Construction Preliminary Design (700MW) aimed at improved energy efficiency of the Obrenovac thermal power plants.

To this end, adequate field and laboratory investigations were carried out in late 2012. Investigations were based on the Additional Geotechnical Investigations Project targeting the Nikola Tesla B TPP Unit 3 founding and seismic micro-regionalisation in Obrenovac. The Project analyses both technical and economic parameters of the necessary investigations.

This paper compares designed and executed works both from the technical and economic aspect. Finally, it analyses investigation results effects, their value and importance in view of the future energy facilities: new B3 unit and a small hydropower plant at the cooling water outlet of the Nikola Tesla B TPP Unit 3 in Obrenovac.

Keywords

Geotechnical Investigations, Hydropower Plant



95

MODERN MINING INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

- SYNERGY OF QUALITY AND RISK BASED APPROACH

1, Aleksandar SEDMAK

2,

Tamara SEDMAK2 3

1 Innovation Center, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Serbia 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia

A B S T R A C T

Effective and integrated risk management sits at the heart of true business sustainability. In the literature more and more papers are related to the synergistic effect of integrating risk management and quality management while improving the performance of both systems. The core of the new approach is the consideration of risk management as key activity, associated to all decisions, the goal being to prevent negative risks and exploit opportunities at all levels from strategic management and project management, to the support of basic processes.

Quality is the measure of satisfying the requirements and achieving the goals, whereas risk measures the weight of undesirable situations, i.e. deviations from the requirements. Based on these premises, the study presented in the paper has specific objectives to analyze the current state of the approach of relationship quality ‐ risk and to develop the methodological framework to integrate the risk management into the quality management.

Evolution of organizations today is characterized by rough competition, rapid changes and uncertainty, so they are enforced to apply new concepts in management, where quality and risk are considered to be key factors, being approached in various ways in all areas. Management of risk is not only a necessity; it could be a strategic advantage.

Keywords

Risk Management, Sustainability, Quality, Methodological Framework



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

PHASES AND FIRST RESULTS OF SHAREHOLDING AND

PRIVATISATION IN PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES OF THE COAL

INDUSTRY - EXPERIENCES OF OTHER COUNTRIES

Svetomir 1 2

1 Electric Power Industry of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

So far in a series of countries the transformation of the economy was actively followed by measures of reorganization and restoration of state enterprises, with the central point being shareholding.

The specificity of the coal industry means great dependence of the work results on natural conditions, increased dangers of mining production, low profitability and subventions. Shareholding and privatization in integrated production enterprises of the coal industry has been gradually introduced in many countries and it has gradually deepened and expanded on account of appropriate accumulated experiences and reduced resource support from the state.

Different models of shareholding and privatization which have been applied in former socialist, developed and countries in development, can be a solid basis for the coal industry of Serbia which is at the very beginning of the process.

Keywords

Globalization, Coal Industry, Shareholding, Privatization



97

THE MINING INDUSTRY FUTURE

Krastu DERMENDJIEV1, George STOYANCHEV

2


A B S T R A C T

The society and the economy put increasingly complex requirements for the mining industry.

To give the right answers of these requirements is necessary to be created and inculcated, improved and in some special cases in principle making a new mining technological, technical and ecology decisions. Some of these possible decisions are discussed in the paper.

Keywords

Mining industry, Future, Mining technological, Ecology decisions



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSPORT DISTANCES

IN DEFINING THE EXPLOITATION COSTS

OF DEPTH OPEN PITS OF METALS

Zoran PANOV1, Radmila KARANAKOVA STEFANOVSKA

2,

Risto POPOVSKI3, Kirco MINOV

4, Blagica DONEVA

5

1,2,3,5 Faculty of natural and technical science, Stip, Macedonia [email protected] 4 Mine for cooper Bucim - Radovis

A B S T R A C T

In this paper is given an analysis of the transport distances for several variants of open pits for the same ore body. The basic criterion of optimization is to minimize the costs of exploitation. The analysis gives an opportunity to define the approach for determining the optimal solution - possible surface mine.



99

MANAGEMENTS OF MINING RECOVERY

Prof. As. Dr. Skender LIPO1, Dr. Arben BAKIU

2

Geology and Mining Faculty, Tirana, Albania


A B S T R A C T

In recent years mining designers, along with the challenge of managing mining activities that are going always deeper and deeper, are faced with the challenge of adapting the mining technologies with minimal impact to the environmental. Facing these challenges requires a careful management of mining activities to fulfill the increased demand for minerals and to achieve a successful mining activity.

This paper gives some opinions about mineral resources management as the only assets of a mining activity. With some examples taken from our mines noted that the improvement of parameters of mining recovery and quantity and quality losses is one of the targets to be aimed for the realization of successful mining activities.

Keywords

Mining Management, Mining Recovery, Waste Dilution, Mineral Losses



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

IMPORTANT ECONOMICAL INDICATORS

OF MODERN MINING PRODUCTION

Prof Dr Shyqri KELMENDI1, Fehmi AZEMI

2, Qazim JASHARI

3, Faton KELMENDI

4

1 University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo, [email protected] 2 GLOBUS College, Prishtina, Kosovo, [email protected] 3 Trepça minine, Mitrovica, Kosovo, [email protected] 4 IOM, Prishtina Office,Prishtina, Kosovo, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Mining economy, and spatially the economy of base metal ore production, is very specific. Globally, the mining industry is followed by uncertainty, what differs from other industries. Cannot have in the world, two same mines. Economic parameters for any mine are very specific, so their quantification and categorization cannot be made easier. Data acquisition and their processing usually are an expensive process and require in-depth knowledge related to mining production.

Mining economy should always be the main decision making factor regarding what parts of orebody should be mined, and what parts should consider temporary like a waste that will remain in situ, while not changing economic condition in the market.

Economic conditions inside mine are in permanent changes. On the other hand, the mineral amount inside orebody does not change, but can only change ore quantity with metal content more than economic grade, defined as cutoff grade . Ore quantity with sufficient economic value (or, calculated cutoff grade , depends on many factors, which should be considered in the calculation. Mine production, except that should be over cutoff grade , must realize the amount of ore which, after sales, would provide monetary income, sufficient to cover total production costs. This point which determines limiting the level of ore production (at covers the production costs), is called break-even .

For assessment of mining projects and operating mining economic parameters, actually are developed several methods. Leading evaluation quantitative indicators are NPV, IRR, Investment repayment time, Break - Even and qualitative indicator Cutoff-grade. In this paper, will be treated some of evaluation methods, to contribute on the scientific and professional approach to the modern underground mining management.

Keywords

Mining Economy, Cutoff Grade, Break - Even, Production Costs


101

MINERAL PROCESSING



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

THE PRESENTATION OF LEACHING AND BIO-LEACHING

FROM DIFFERENT ORES USING SIMPLEX EVOP

Boris KRSTEV2, Aleksandar KRSTEV

1, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA

2, Zivko GOCEV

3

1 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Computer Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Natural &Technical Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 3 Bucim Mine, 2000 Radovis, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Natural &Technical Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The refractory or low grade lead/zinc domestic ores in Republic of Macedonia are investigated by conventional separation technology or flotation separation. In the meantime, investigations are directed to the new possibilities of leaching by microorganisms - bioleaching.

The paper is result of these technologies and investigations carried out for recovery of in the mentioned ores. Using Simplex EVOP and computer program Multisimplex performances are appropriate and most acceptable and excellent way for presentation of the leaching and bioleaching.

Keywords

Bioleaching, Evolutive Operativity, Leaching, Simplex, Software



103

THE OPTIMIZATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

- THE PRECONDITION FOR INCREASING OF RECOVERIES

FROM DOMESTIC MINES

Boris KRSTEV2, Aleksandar KRSTEV

1, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA

2,

Afrodita ZENDELSKA2, Zivko GOCEV

3

1 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Computer Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Natural &Technical Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 3 Bucim Mine, 2000 Radovis, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Natural &Technical Sciences, 2000 Stip, The Republic of Macedonia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The increasing in the chalcopyrite copper Bucim mine are gone forward to renewed reagent regime, including and involving new reagents for increase d recovery of copper and gold. The optimization and mathematical linear are good example for improvement of industrial recoveries in flotation circuit. Nevertheless, the choice between flotation and new leaching or bioleaching method are challenge for future.

The optimization techniques, formatting the mathematical model and adequate model for carried out investigations, by means of tables and figures will show the optimal quantity in reagent regime (collectors), particle size, flotation time, rougher flotation, conditioning time etc.

Keywords

Collectors, Flotation Time, Optimization, Reagent Regime, Particle Size



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

TREATMENT OF Fe(III) IONS FROM LEACHING SOLUTIONS

WITH NEUTRALISATION AND PRECIPITATION

Milena DANOVSKA1, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA

2,

Dejan KARANFILOV1, Afrodita ZENDELSKA

2

1 Bucim Mine, Radovis, Macedonia, [email protected] 2 University Goce Delcev , Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Stip, Macedonia

A B S T R A C T

The results of the study of leaching solutions (in the further text: productive solutions) from BUCIM mine treated with various neutralizing agents and combinations of two or a number of neutralizing agents are presented in this work.

Leaching of copper with sulfuric acid is forwarded with the leaching of many other elements which are present in the ores. Among the elements is Fe (III) which abuses the Cu

2+

Ions in further processing in production of cathode copper. The main objective of the researches is the elimination of Fe(III) ions from the solutions by precipitation in Fe(OH)3.

So, this creates the positive effects in the cathode copper production.

With suitably chosen neutralizer, following effects are achieved:

- Raising the pH value to 4.0-4.5; and improving condition on the solutions for further processing;

- Removal of Fe (III) ions from the solutions to a concentrations of less than 0.1 g/L;

- Economic effects

In doing so, found the optimum pH, which allows maximum precipitation of the iron3+

ions, and simultaneously the persistence of Cu

2+, in productive solutions.

Keywords

Copper Leaching, Neutralization, Cathode Copper, Fe(OH)3



105

CONCEPT OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CRUSHING PLANT

FOR PROCESSING LIMESTONE AND PRODUCTION OF ROCK

AGREGATES FROM SUVO DO JOINT-STOCK COMPANY

- JELEN DO DEPOSITS

Dragan S. 1, Velimir ANT , Slavica R. , Branislav

, Vladimir

Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials

1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents a concept of secondary and tertiary crushing plant for processing of limestone from Suvo Do deposits. It is based on Main Mining Project of the new plant for limestone processing and production of limestone rock aggregates from Suvo Do Joint-Stock Company Jelen Do.

The basic problem which occurred while preparing the project of this plant was separation of tailings which occur in useful limestone component during excavation. This problem was solved within primary crushing on the grounds of analyses performed in laboratories of the ITNMS (Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials), and after that in plant itself.

The paper presents equipment installed into secondary and tertiary crushing plant, as well as the way to obtain final products of rock aggregates according to size classes.

Keywords

Aggregates, Limestone, Secondary and Tertiary Crushing, Tailings



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

POSSIBILITY OF BARITE CONCENTRATION

FROM POLYMETALIC SULPHIDE-BARITE ORE USING

GRAVITY AND FLOTATION CONCENTRATION METHODS

1 1 1,

2 1 1

1 Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The polymetallic barite ore is technologically very complex raw material from which is possible to extract more useful components using the complex technological schemes. This paper presents the technological testing of two samples of the polymetallic sulphide barite ore, in order to obtain a barite concentrate as well as a collective concentrate of sulphides. The testing is performed using the gravity and flotation concentration methods.

Gravity concentration was carried out on a shaking table, as a pretreatment of flotation concentration method. The results have shown that gravity concentration is not suitable method for the processing of this type of ore. Flotation concentration gave better results, but additional optimization of technological parameters is still required.

Keywords

Barite, Concentration, Sulphides



107

AUSCULTATION OF FLOTATION TAILINGS

VELIKI KRIVELJ WITH EMPHASIS ON THE CURRENT

STATE O

Miomir , Daniel , Milenko LJUBOJEV, Radmilo

Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Bor, Bor, Serbia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Flotation tailing Veliki Krivelj is formed in the vicinity of open pit Veliki Krivelj, near Bor in Serbia, and it is in function since the begining of open pit exploatation. Field1 of flotation tailings was formed at first and it matached the required capacity. For water evacuation of the Krivelj River, a tunnel was built through the rock massif with the route from the left bank of the original watercourse.

The tunnel has diameter of 3 m, and its length is 1414 m. In 1990 the flotation tailings expand by building Field 2, as an additional space for dumping, formed in the bed of the Krivelj River. To regulate the Krivelj river flow in the tailings area, was built the collector length of 2075 m, which is a continuation of the existing tunnel.

Long years of exploitation affected on state of current collector, which is presented in this paper. In addition, the appearance and impact of seepage water at dams, have affected their stability. All this indicates that the constant monitoring of flotation tailings dams and collector needed because the consequences of flotation tailings dam overflow and destabilization collector can cause large-scale environmental disasters.

This paper describes the current state of collector under the flotation tailing dump Veliki Krivelj , and state of flotation tailings dams, based on monitoring program auscultation between June 2011 and June 2012.

Keywords

Auscultation, Collector, Dam, Flotation Tailing



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

MINING PRODUCTION OF CONCENTRATES

AND BASE METALS IN THE REGION

Shyqri KELMENDI1, Halil QELA

2, Bajram MUSTAFA

3

1 Prof Dr, Prishtina, Kosovo, [email protected] 2 Dipl. Eng, Prishtina, Kosovo, [email protected] 3 Dipl. Eng, Prishtina, Kosovo, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Base metals like lead and zinc are the fourth respectively the fifth in the world talking about their use. In two last years, the relation supply/demand of these metals is obviously disordered in favor of raising demand, and this has caused an enormous variety of prices for base metals in the market.

From the other side, the region of Balkan is relatively rich with ore deposits of these metals. Changes and transitions which happened through 90-ties destroyed the mining production which still is not erected.

The European Union after year 2000 approved some regulations with which are prescribed the framework of sustainable development of the mining sector. Besides, in the past there were built metallurgy capacities for Pb and Zn, which today but also in a certain future will not easily face with European frameworks, but will also not have sufficient concentrates for their own processing capacities.

In this paper there has analyzed the actual situation in primary ore and concentrate production and is estimated the expected perspective of ore and metal production, always seen from the point of view of European requirements for sustainable development.

The need for a closer cooperation in between ore-processing and metallurgy units in the region, with the purpose of full rationalization, to effectively solve the environmental problems and better financial circulation, appears as one of the potential and acceptable options.

Keywords

Lead, Zinc, Concentrate, Smelters, European Standards, Sustainable Development



109

GOLD GRAIN MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOSITION

IN SOME LOCALITY IN R. MACEDONIA

Violeta STEFANOVA1, Vojo MIRCOVSKI

2, Violeta STOJANOVA

3,

Gose PETROV4, Zoran PANOV

5

Faculty od natural and technical sciences, Stip, R. Macedonia

1 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 4 [email protected] 5 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

During the water transport alluvial gold is affected by various physical and chemical factors. It was selected three locality where was studied changes in chemical composition and morphological forms of gold aggregates: Borov Dol, Plavica and Alshar where is carried schlich prospection.

Studies have shown that the size of the tested gold aggregates ranges from 30 microns to 1 mm., usually present form of gold aggregates is isometrich-irregular shape.

Flakes-flattened shape also quite prevalent as elongated for Gold aggregates in a Borov Dol as a whole is characterized by constant chemical composition, more exactly, it is homogeneous and high grade almost everywhere with purity that ranges from 834 to 981st In Alshar despite the presence of gold in chemical analysis, with schlich prospection were not discovered gold aggregates.

Keywords

Schlich Prospection, Placer Gold, Morpology, High-Gold Grain


110

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING



111

IMPACT OF THE WORKFLOW FROM QUARRYS

ON THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT

CASE STUDY - SC CUPRUMIN S.A. ABRUD

Angelica DRĂGHICI1, Gheorghe GHEŢIE

2, Lorand TOTH

3,

Marius KOVACS4, Cosmin ILIE

5


1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected] 5 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

In quarries in which exploitation and capitalization of useful mineral resources is carried out, as in stone quarries, the most used blasting techniques are the ones that use auger holes or bore holes.

The general concept of a blasting plan or of a blasting monograph has to take into account several factors regarding the adaptation of the explosive to the type of rock massif, respectively the development of a maximum number of free surfaces in order to facilitate the reflexion of shock waves that lead to the fissuring or displacement of the rock massif. The blasting of an explosive charge located in the drilled hole into the massif has a lot of productive effects, but others are non-productive.

Before starting the drilling of holes for blasting operations in an open-pit mine, or stone quarry, the blasting is required to be designed, fact that has to be based on a good knowledge of the field in which the work shall be carried out.

The quarry exploitation of useful mineral substances deposits by using the power of explosives has an important negative impact on the environment.

Blastings have a solid impact on the environment, reflected by:

- Air pollution with dust and gases;

- Disposing of material;

- Achievement of an over-pressure in the aerial shock-wave front;

- Seismic effect development;

- Powerful phonic pollution.

Each of these elements has impact on the environment and there have to be developed specific measures for mitigating the impact, so that the influence parameters to range between acceptable limits.



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

In this paper work, there are analysed the negative effects on the air environmental factor due to blasting works carried out in quarries and there are examined the prevention, protection and restoration techniques, which can and have to be taken into account according to legislation in force, as well as the serious negative influences on the adjacent area.

Keywords

Blasting, Air Pollution, Dust, Gases, Safety and Health at Work



113

ARSENIC IN MINE WATERS FROM ABANDONED

BASE-METAL AND GOLD MINING SITES IN SERBIA

1, Veselin , Vladimir ,

Jana , Marina , Petar

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Serbia 1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Arsenic is a toxic element recognized as one of the main contaminants of mine waters and ultimately can cause deterioration in the quality of groundwater and surface water bodies in the vicinity and downstream of the mining facilities. Serbia has a long history of mineral resources exploration and mining. Many of these historical mining sites are affected by the AMD (Acid Mine Drainage) processes which lead to uncontrolled discharge of the mine waters enriched with arsenic and other metalloids and heavy metals. In a period 2009-2012, regional scale sampling campaign was conducted as a part of a Study of possible negative influence that these waters may have on the environment.

Mine waters from Cu, Pb-Zn, Fe, Au, Sb, Bi, and Mo deposits were sampled at 41 abandoned mining sites. Total of 60 mine water samples were analyzed. According to the pH values, 60% of mine waters are in range of 6 - 8, while around 40% are acid waters with pH below 5. pH value is significantly correlated with TDS and metal content. In cation composition, dominant are Ca

2+ ions, while in anion composition highest content have HCO3

- and SO4

2-

ions.

Arsenic concentrations in the analyzed waters cover wide range of values, with 40% of samples having concentration above 10 µg/l. Highest arsenic concentration (up to 4 200 µg/l) were measured in mine waters tracing from abandoned copper open pit mine. Analyzing the relation of arsenic with the content of heavy metals and pH value, no significant correlation can be established. This points that the concentration of this element is not strictly related to the mining sites affected by AMD, but mainly controlled by local mineralization paragenesis, especially presence of arsenopyrite, enargite and other As bearing minerals within the ore body and surrounding rock.

Keywords

Mine waters, Arsenic, Abandoned mines, Serbia



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

HEAVY AND TOXIC METALS AND NUTRIENTS

IN SEPARATE PLACES IN THE RIVER BREGALNICA

(EASTERN MACEDONIA)

Orce SPASOVSKI, Daniel SPASOVSKI

Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delchev - Stip

Goce Delchev 89 MK-2000, Stip, Repubilc of Macedonia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Through a small scale of geochemical and geoecological research through the flow of the river Bregalnica, this paper will present the information about the character of the waters of the river, the level of presence of hard and toxic metals, nutrients and the amount of organic contamination.

These researches will define the condition and the presence of Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, cyanides, detergents, organic contaminators in separate measurement locations through the flow of the river Bregalnica.

During the realization of these researches, the first thing was the approach to determine the required geochemical monitoring through the flow of the river Bregalnica.

When the conditions of the waters of the river Bregalnica are considered from the aspect of presence of hard and toxic metals, it can be stated that all the measured parameters are under the allowed concentrations with the exception of Arsenic and Manganum which showed higher concentrations in separate measurement locations.

Keywords

Heavy and Toxic Metals, Cyanides, Nutrients, Organic Contaminators, River Bregalnica



115

CONTRIBUTION TO CONSTRUCTION, REMEDIATION AND

RECULTIVATION OF SECONDARY MINING AND ENERGY

FACILITIES IN ORDER TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Dragoljub UROSEVIC1, Branimir ANDELIC

2, Uros UROSEVIC

3, Rasa DJUROVIC

4

1 Mining Engineer, Pro Voding Ltd., Belgrade, the Republic of Serbia, [email protected] 2 Civil Engineer, Pro Voding Ltd., Belgrade, the Republic of Serbia, [email protected] 3 Hydrogeological Engineer, Belgrade Waterwork and Sewage, Belgrade, the Republic of Serbia, [email protected] 4 Deputy Manager at Pro Voding Ltd., Belgrade, the Republic of Serbia, [email protected]

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

For many years of application of BAT-TMT technology (technological and technical solutions "Trisoplast", "Multriwell" and "TerraCottem") in the construction, rehabilitation, closure and reclamation of the facilities that can adversely affect the environment, a high level of quality has been shown in a number of cases around the world. This technology, in the case of the secondary facilities in mining and energy sector (flotation tailing dumps, ash and slag landfills, large coal storage, disposal sites for different types of wastes, relocation of the riverbeds, construction of canals, construction of roads, construction of flood embankments, etc..) is defined by the following basic elements: (1) safe and/or highly efficient waterproofing of disposed material in terms of leakage of fluid in both directions by creating an impermeable mineral barrier provided by Trisoplast, (2) long-term protection in terms of leakage of harmful substances into the subsoil, soil and groundwater pollution, as well as in terms of impact of weather conditions, flooding, etc., for a extended period of time, also provided by Trisoplast, (3) a possibility of using the disposed waste, which includes economically efficient utilization of landfill gas from disposed municipal waste as an energy source, which is also provided by using Trisoplast and Multriwell and (4),

landscaping and/or usable space design through a high-quality biological reclamation resulting in the reduced need for fertilizers and water which is provided by the use of Trisoplast and TerraCottem.

Keywords

BAT-TMT Technology, Secondary Mining and Energy Facilities, Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Construction, Remediation, Reclamation, Trisoplast, Multriwell, TerraCottem



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

THE SEMI-INDUSTRIAL TEST OF THE EXPERIMENTAL

SYSTEM FOR RESEARCH OF THE FLYING ASH

AND BOTTOM ASH HYDRO-TRANSPORT

1,

Klara KONC-


A B S T R A C T

At the Mining Institute in Belgrade, a system for semi-industrial test-experimental research was designed and built for the purpose of research of flying ash and bottom ash hydraulic transport.

The actual experimental tests in this system were performed with the hydraulic mixtures of flying ash and bottom ash from the Kostolac and Obrenovac thermal power plant. Excellent consequential results were achieved. The paper presents the testing system and its functional properties.

Keywords

Hydraulic Transport, Pulp, Flying Ash, Bottom Ash, Thermal Power Plant



117

CONCEPTUAL SOLUTION FOR THE PERMANENT

CLOSURE OF FLY AND BOTTOM ASH DISPOSAL

SITE AT TPP KOSTLAC A AND B

Rudarski institute d.o.o, Belgrade, Serbia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper gives an overview of conceptual solution for permanent closure of fly and bottom ash disposal site (SKO) according to relevant EU and domestic legislation.

The detailed design is elaborated on the basis of the selected technical reclamation options and the results of the site investigations and previous studies, taking into account identified local conditions and common international engineering standards. Technical re-cultivation includes earth works aimed to achieve designed levels and to spread soil cover over the impermeable mineral layer, as well as the construction of the internal and external system for collection and evacuation of surface waters.

Keywords

Disposal Site, Hydro-technical Structures, Permanent Closure, Re-cultivation



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

CONCEPTUAL SOLUTION OF DISPOSAL

THE OPEN PIT WASTE ROCK AND DEWATERING SYSTEM

IN A FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

IN EXPLOITATION THE COPPER DEPOSITS KRAKU BUGARESKU

- CEMENTACIJA AND CEROVO SERBIA

Daniel 1, Zoran

2,

Nenad 3, Miomir

4, Miodrag

5

1 Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Bor, Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 2 Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Bor, Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 3 Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade, Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 4 Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Bor, Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 5 Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade, Bor, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents a technical solution with the objective of finding the optimal location and method of disposal the waste rock and dewatering system of open pits at the site Kraku Bugaresku - Cementacija and Cerovo, which operate within the company Mining and Smelting Basin Bor Group, in a function of environmental protection.

The present solution considers integrally the management of balance the surface and groundwater in this area, such as the controlled management of water was predicted from the catchment areas around landfills and transfer to the treatment plant.

Keywords

Waste Rock Disposal, Dewatering, Environmental Protection, Mining and Smelting Basin Bor Group



119

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACCORDING

BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES FROM IMPACT

AT TAILING DAM TORANICA

Msc Aleksandar LAZAROV, Environmental engineer

Indo Mineralas and Metlas mine Toranica - Kriva Palanka and Zletovo - Probistip, R.Macedonia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Indo Minerals and Metals environmental policy are focus on ongoing improvement of environmental management, to minimize the impact of mining activity on the natural world, and on developing initiatives to enhance the natural environment and quality of life.

Indo Minerals and Metals mine Toranica cares for the environment and continuously undertakes investments in facilities and equipment that will provide high level of measure and activity for protection and improvement of Environmental protection.

For that purpose according BREFs BAT documents for the management of tailings and waste-rock in mining activities Indo Minerals and Metals mine Toranica started with large investment in the fields of Environmental protection on already existing Tailing Dam Toranica with upgrading on Tailing Dam Toranica and extension on life time for exploitation of tailing.

Operational phases on tailing dam Toranica-kriva Palanka was with construction new drainage carpet on the sand dam, installation new piozometars, construction on side channel OK-1, construction drainage geocomposite and drainage pipe on retension dam, construction gabions and installation sprinklers on sand dam, Study for consequences by the flood wave caused by crashing of tailing dam Toranica, recultivation on retension dam.

Keywords

Environmental, Drainage Geocomposite, Gabions, Drainage Carpet, Drainage Pipe



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE

OF TAILING DUMP FROM POLYMETALLIC Pb - Zn DEPOSIT

ZLETOVO (REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA)

Orce SPASOVSKI1, Daniel SPASOVSKI

Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delchev - Stip Goce Delchev 89 MK-2000, Stip, Repubilc of Macedonia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The paper will show the results of the geochemical tests on composite samples and samples taken from boreholes made in the last few years.

Old inactive waste dumps occupy an area of about 0,39 km2 and contain about 10 million

tons of sterile mass, the mean depth of these dumps is 9,2 m. While in recent active dumps are deposited around 4 million tons sterile mass.

The elements show different concentrations in grain - size different parts of the deposited material. Pb, Zn and Mn show maximum concentrations in sandy part and slightly lower in the clay part of the old inactive waste dumps Probistip.

Average content of Pb and Zn in sterile mass deposited in tailing dumps of mine Zletovo is 0,37% Pb and 0,32% Zn, so in the not too distant future exploitation could be done the of these valuable components of this removed material with the proper technique.

The concentration of Fe in all composite samples from the boreholes is high, average Fe content is 8.32% (from 7.09 to 9.54%). The concentration of Mn in sterile mass is also high, ranging in the interval from 3.52 to 5.60%.

Also within the sterile mass deposited in the mine tailing dumps Zletovo some accompanying metals such as Ge, Ga, Cd and In are present, whose application in the course of history was not known so they were not exploited and concentrated in the sterile mass.

Keywords

Polymetallic Deposit Zletovo, Tailing Dump, Average Content, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Heavy Metals, Value Assessment



121

GENERAL VENTILATION FANS USED FOR THE AERATION

OF HARD COAL MINES IN JIU VALLEY COAL FIELD

Ion GHERGHE1, Doru CIOCLEA

2, Constantin LUPU

3,

Corneliu BOANTĂ4, Florin RĂDOI

5, Vlad Mihai PĂSCULESCU

6


1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected] 5 [email protected] 6 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

ensures the continuous supply of the coal faces with fresh air, as well as the exhaust of return air resulting from technological operations carried out underground.

The exploitation of coal from the Jiu Valley coal field is carried out by seven mining units, namely: Lonea mining unit, Petrila mining unit, Livezeni mining unit, Vulcan mining unit, Paroseni mining unit, Lupeni mining unit and Uricani mining unit. The general ventilation of these mines is provided by the main ventilation stations which are equipped with axial fans type VOD 3.0, VOD 2.1, VOKD 1.8 made in Russia, respectively with VAD 2.1 fans made in Romania.

Following the carried out analysis, it is highlighted that the ventilation of each mine is insufficient ensured, in some instances the main fan operating at maximum inclination angle of the blades, with low air flows.

This paper work presents in detail the results obtained, as well as the required measures that have to be applied in order to improve the ventilation of these mines.

Keywords

Fan, General Ventilation, Main Ventilation Station



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

PROBLEMS OF STUDY PREPARATIONS ON EVALUATION

OF INFLUENCES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

FROM THE LEGAL REGULATIONS PERSPECTIVE

1 2, Mihajlo GIGOV

3

1 Mining Institute d.o.o. Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 Department of energy, development and protection of the environment, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 3 Mining institute d.o.o. Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The purpose of this paper is to point out the most common problems which appear in preparations of the studies on the evaluation of the influence on the environment. The most common problems are defined from a legal perspective and suggestions for overcoming them. The consideration encompasses the most significant parts from the content and range of the study and their interpretation in practice.

Keywords

Study, Environment, Influence



123

SPECIFICITIES OF OPEN PIT TAMNAVA

- WEST FIELD REMEDIATION

Grozdana 1, Miodrag

2 3,

VUKOV4, Nenad

5, Radoje

6

1 RB Kolubara, Lazarevac, Serbia, [email protected] 2 University of Belgrade, Technical faculty in Bor, Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 3 University of Belgrade, Technical faculty in Bor, Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 4 RB Kolubara, Lazarevac, Serbia, [email protected] 5 University of Belgrade, Technical faculty in Bor, Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 6 University of Belgrade, Technical faculty in Bor, Bor, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Mining basin Kolubara is the largest coal producer in Serbia, with coal being mainly used for electricity production in thermal power plants. Surface mining operations on coal extraction degrade vast areas of land by open pit development, waste dumps and infrastructural facilities.

Specificity of the remediation lies in the future use of op en pit cavity for various material disposals. Available space will be used for overburden disposal, regional communal waste dump, ash from the power plant disposal and disposal of excess gypsum from the process of desulphurization of flue gasses from the power plant.

Since the open pit cavity is the disposal location for various materials remediation must be adequate.

Keywords

Remediation, Open Pit, Tamnava, Kolubara



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

THE IMPACT OF THE TAILING DAM

OF THE SASA MINE ON SOILS IN THE KOCANI VALLEY

Afrodita ZENDELSKA1, Mirjana GOLOMEOVA

1, Boris KRSTEV

1,

Blagoj GOLOMEOV1, Aleksandar KRSTEV

2

1 University Goce Delcev , Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Stip, Macedonia, [email protected] 2 University Goce Delcev , Faculty of Computer Sciences, Stip, Macedonia

A B S T R A C T

Flotation tailing dams affect the environment through the soil, water and air, and in that way they affect the plants and the animals as well as the people.

This paper shows the quality of the soil according to the concentration of heavy metals in the surroundings of Sasa mine, more precisely, the Kocani valley which uses water from the dam Kalimanci. The dam receives water from the tailing dam of the Sasa mine.

The results indicate the occurrence of two geochemical associations: association As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, which is directly related to anthropogenic impact that comes with problems associated with the exploitation of Pb-Zn polymetallic ore, which are exploited in the area of Sasa - Makedonska Kamenica and in the region of Zletovo, and association and Ni, Co, Cr, which is basically defined by the lithology or present geological formations in this area.

From the examination of soils taken from the Kocani valley, it can be concluded that the increased concentration of heavy metals in the western parts of the investigated area, near the Zletovica, is not a consequence from the water from Lake Kalimanci but it is the result of the influence thru Zletovo lead and zinc mine have on the surface and underground water system Zletovica.

It can be concluded that the water of Lake Kalimanci are still not contaminated to the extent that may endanger the soil system in the region of Kocani valley.

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Kocani Valley, Soil, Flotation Tailing Dam



125

TECHNICAL RECLAMATION OF THE FLYING ASH AND

BOTTOM ASH DEPOT IN THE COAL BASIN KOSTOLAC

1, Simeun MARIJANAC,

Dragan M


A B S T R A C T

The flying ash and bottom ash from thermal power plants in the coal basin Kostolac is disposed of at the Middle island of Kostolac location (further on MIK) on right side of the bank of the Danube, near the town of Kostolac. In an area of 200 ha, three cassettes were built (A, B and C) for flying ash and bottom ash disposal. The surface of the levee along the rim of MIK is 59 ha.

According to the project, upon cessation of flying ash and bottom ash disposal, the area of MIK is to be reclaimed. Multiple stages of reclamation are foreseen, the first stage being the reclamation of the cassette A followed by reclamation of the remaining two. In this paper the reclamation technology with implementation of an impermeable foil and placement of fertile soil is displayed as preparation for biological reclamation.

Keywords

Kostolac, Deposit, Flying Ash and Bottom Ash, Deposition, Land Reclamation



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

OPPORTUNITIES FOR UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH

FROM THERMAL POWER PLANT, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Tena SIJAKOVA-IVANOVA1, Zoran PANOV

2, Vojo MIRCOVSKI

3

Faculty of Natural and Technical Science, University Goce Delcev, Stip, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Fly ash is a potentially important raw material which can be extensively utilized. Numerous studies have been performed in order to find out application areas for the waste fly ash. In all of them highlight the widespread use of fly ash as raw material for production of ceramic tiles, glass industries, as additive in cement construction, in composite materials and sintered material, in acidic spoil and coalrefuse revegetation, as a soil amendment etc.

Every year in Macedonia 900 000 1 100 000 t of coal fly ash are produced. Only 10% of coal fly ash is used in cement products which are far below the global utilization. The restis disposed into ash dumps or landfill which is an inconvenient solution both from the environmental and economical point of view. The use of fly ash contributes to preserve the natural resources and saves environment.

Keywords

Fly Ash, Environment, Waste


127

RESTRUCTURING AND REENGINEERING



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED

WITH THE REACTIVATION OF ABANDONED AREAS

OF BULQIZA CHROME MINE

Gafur MUKA1, Thoma KORINI

2, Vasil JORGJI

3, Ramiz BALLA

4

Faculty of Geology and Mining, Tirana, Albania 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The abandoned areas, in chrome mine of Bulqiza in Albania, are created as result of an underground exploitation of more than 60 years by open stopping mining exploitation methods (Sublevel Open Stopping). During the prior underground exploitations in the area of Bulqiza chrome mine, the abandoned areas are considered as technological waste, mainly in relation with the need to abandon pillars of ore in order to guarantee the stability of entire underground structure or as result of low content of Cr2O3. Another reason was the impossibility of exploitation of such areas as result of difficult geological and mining conditions. The identification is realized by the mapping of the entire area by the mine survey of the Bulqiza mine, mainly in scales 1:200 and 1:500.

The resumption of mining of abandoned areas is related to the better conjuncture concerning the price of chrome ore in the international market. In these conditions, it was necessary to verify the existing graphical documentation and development works and to prepare the new project of mining exploitation taking into accounts not only the existing underground infrastructure, but also the possibilities offered by the application of new technologies. The solution of problems encountered requires the commitment of technical and engineering staff in an attentive study of all the factors influencing the resumption of the exploitation in order to design more rational projects for the exploitation of the remaining ore reserves.

In reference to an experience of 4 to 5 years of use of these methods in the Bulqiza mine, in this paper we intend to present the current situation and the recommendations for future improvements.

Keywords

Abandoned Areas, Existing Workings, Reactivation, Chrome Mine, Rock Pressures, Rock Mass Stability



129

LJUBLJANA-KOPER

Marko RANZINGER1, Marjan HUDEJ

2

RGP d.o.o., Velenje, Slovenia

[email protected] 2 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The main railway Ljubljana-Koper is a part of railway Vienna-Trieste which was build before 150 years ago. Today is a double-track railway with a next base data of the reconstruction tunnels:

- 2

- A tunnel Jurgovski is 360m long with a surface near 5760m2

- 2

All the tunnels are made of a limestone stone blocks. Before the reconstruction and reengineering work started in September 2009 in all tunnels we had a lot of problems with a trickle of the water. Because of that during the winter we had a lot of ice from the roof and the side of the tunnels which mean high maintain cost. Oldness of the tunnels was the reason of unsteady of the stone blocks who in the past fell out. The rock movement around the tunnels in the past was the reason of many damage on the primary support.

The Slovenian Railway Company invests in reconstruction of that railway tunnels. The RGP company made this reengineering works. The first part of the project finished in December 2010 the second part finished in 2012.

This paper resume the main reconstruction works in the tunnels, special is a use of new waterproofing material masterseal 345 who was use the first time in Slovenia. The main aim was the prevention of dripping water on the rails or overhead wires. The requirement of the client was a solution with a minimum reduction of the free space inside. As solution the above described sandwich construction consisting of:

- a smoothening layer of shotcrete

- masterseal 345

- thin layer of fibre reinforced shotcrete was applied. This measures where only used in the roof area down to the vertical sidewalls.



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

All works where executed during the time when one railway track was closed. The -

effectives and technical versatility of the technical solution consisting of a double bonded waterproofing membrane in combination with sprayed concrete.

In a rehabilitation context, flexibility and versatility often represent decisive factors for the feasibility of a project. This system for rehabilitation involves the use of relatively thin layers of high performance elements like durable and mechanically contributing sprayed concrete combined with a spray-applied membrane. The quality of the workmanship and quality control measures are therefore of significant importance.

Keywords

Reengineering of Old Railway Tunnels, Waterproofing Membrane, Masterseal 345


131

LEGISLATION, NORMS AND EDUCATION



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

MINING WASTES IN ALBANIA

- LEGISLATIVE FRAME AND THEIR STATE

Msc. Jorgaq THANAS1, Eng. Bardhyl SHUSHKU

2

National Agency of Natural Resources, Head of Mining Department1 Tirana, Albania

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The Mining Wastes are managed on the basis of European Parliament&Council Directive 2006/21/EU, of the date 15 March 2006, for management of extractive industries wastes.

General Objective of the Directive is to predict or diminuish, as much as possible, every possible negaconsequence of mining wastes management.

consequence of accidents due to the waste tailings de(deposing structures), (as in Aberfan (Wales 1966), Stava (Italy, 1985), Aznalcollar (Spain, 1988), Baia Mare and Baia Borsa (Romania, 2000), etj.). In Stava, Trento, by cracking (subsidence) of thickening basin for fluorite tailings, were poured about 200 000 m3 waste rocks. The accident caused 268 dead persons and breaking of several buildings. In Baia Mare, breaking (cracking) of a thickening basin enabled that 100 000 m3 discharged waters containing up to 120 tons cyanides and heavy metals to be poured in the River Lapus and after to be passed in the Rivers Some and Tisa in Hungary, before entering in the River Danube. In the Baia Borsa 20 000 ton wastes were poured in the Novat. The heaviest accident in the history of Great Britain happenned in the Aberfan (Wales), at 1966, as consequence of collapsing of wastes stockpiles extracted from a coal mine (colliery), causing the dead of 144 persons, in most part of them children.

Second Reason is connected with ascertaining of an insufficiency in the control of environmental hazards due to the mining wastes management in the member countries.

One of the great disquieties belongs to the future extension of EU by the canditate countries of Eastern Europe (where makes part also Albania) where are met a great number of mining zones where is lacking a proper environmental protection.

According to the European Environment Agency is calculated that such wastes constitute about 29% of the total amount of wastes produced yearly in the EU countries (about 400 million tons per year).



133

FEATURES OF TURKISH MINING LAW

AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Nevzat KAVAKLI (Mining Engineer Ph.D), Sadi CIVELEKOĞLU (Mining Engineer),

Serdar ÇULHA (Mining Engineer M.Sc.), Şükrü ŞAFAK (Mining Engineer M.Sc.)

Ankara, Turkey

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Turkish mining sector produces more than 50 different types of minerals and some of them are found in considerable amounts in the economy has always been in restricted level. The mining law of 2010, numbered 5995 was enacted to promote accerelated mineral exploration and development for local and export markets with a commitment to attract foreign and private investment into Turkish mining sector.

In Turkey, the State both acts through its own exploration and production establishments and as a regulatory body to grant the permissions to explore and exploit minerals and to supervise the activities in this field.

The new mining law, contains a number of improvements with respect to the internationally accepted requirements for a modern mining law. It minimizes the duration, simplifies the procedure of obtaining licences and provides additional supports for the investors.

The Law No. 5995 amending Mining Law and Certain Laws, came into force in 2010 and brought legislation unity to the mining sector, secured mining licenses, removed preliminary operating license period and also removed certain obstacles and restrictions of other legislations on the mining operations.

In this paper; the important aspects of the recently enacted pieces of mining legislation, especially, mining law numbered 5995 will be discussed.

Keywords

Mining Law, Mining Legislation, Turkey


M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

EXPLOITATION OF SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES



135

TECHNO-ECONOMICAL ANALYSES OF THE METHODS

FOR PRODUCING OF DIMENSION STONE BLOCKS

Prof. d-r Risto DAMBOV1, Goran STOJKOSKI

2,

Dimitar HRISTOV3, Nikola RZANIKOSKI

4

1 DSc., University Goce Delcev, Insitute of Mining, Stip,R. Macedonia 2 MSc., Head Mining engineer, Larin Mramor Company, Bela Pola Qurry mine, Prilep 3 Executive manager, Larin Mramor Company, Skopje, R. Macedonija 4 MSc., Mining engineer, Larin Mramor Company, Bela Pola Qurry mine, Prilep

A B S T R A C T

The Modern way of exploitation of dimension stone is offering possibilities, technologies and methods for economical and high effective production of the final product into quarry with surface exploitations. It is very important during projecting of mine for exploitation of dimension stone to determine parameters of machines and technologies which may be used for final definition which technology is going to be used.

Until now known methods for exploitation of dimension stone are offering many varieties for making choice of technology and machines which can be used for exploitation of dimension stone. Technical characteristics of the chosen machines given by the manufacturers, but also and experience data from using those machines in other mines are offering possibilities during determining of technology and machines for exploitation of dimension stone.

During the process of deciding which technology is going to be used, there is appropriate usage of multi criteria methods for optimization.

Keywords

Dimension Stones, Exploitation, Methods, Production, Drilling Machine



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR THE WELL DRAINAGE SYSTEM

AT COAL MINE UNDERLYING SEAM SUVODOL ,

MINING POWER COMPLEX BITOLA

Goran BLAZESKI1, Vladimir DILEVSKI

2

Siskon Systems Engineering, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia


A B S T R A C T

Power production in Macedonia is largely dependent on coal. Thereby, discovering new coal resources is not only a state necessity but a crucial ingredient in the process of power production in MPC Bitola . In that respect, a viable example of system which will provide coal reserves for future exploitation is the Drainage System of 19 wells equipped with submersible pumps and 9 wide-area subterranean water measuring stations located at the coal mine Suvodol , which is a part of the Mining Power Complex Bitola .

It has been noticed that the existing remote aspect of such a system has been making difficulties in its continual exploitation and troubleshooting. Therefore, a custom made automation system has been made for remote control and monitoring of the drainage system (SCADA).

In order to fully satisfy the new requirements, a complex electronic system for control and monitoring on each of the well stations has been installed consisting of frequency inverters for variable speed control of the pumps, programmable logic controllers, wireless communication devices and process instrumentation: ultrasonic clamp-on flow-meter, water level transmitter and water quality analyzer.

The technology of lowering the sub-terrain water level imposes applying a cascade PID regulation which provides the needed flow and constant sub-terrain water level for a longer period; by means of constant adaptations of the pump-motor frequency.

The water level monitoring on the whole radius of influence of the well stations is made by 9 piezometer stations equipped with wireless device, PLC and water level transmitters.

All of the important signals which give information for the actual state of well stations and the water level in the surrounding area are being transmitted to the main dispatching center in the coal mine by means of wireless link at a 5 GHz band.



137

The SCADA system is custom made and purposely developed for the need of this system. The drawings represent the actual geologic profiles depicted in proportion of the terrain which is subject of drainage and its coal layers position underground. The pictures are dynamic and change in real-time. All of the states, as technology events, real-time measurements, warnings and critical alarm states are displayed to operators, which is of a great advantage in the continuous well exploitation.

This system as a whole is of great significance for the future lifespan and exploitation period of the coal mine Suvodol .

Keywords

SCADA, Wireless, Wi-Fi, PLC, Frequency, Inverter, Well, Ultrasonic, PID, Regulation, Flow, Level, PH, O2, Pump, Coal, Mine, Power, Plant, SIEMENS, SIMATIC, S7, SISKON



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

LIMESTONE EXCAVATION TECHNOLOGY OF LIEBHERR

R 984 C EXCAVATOR AT THE SURFACE MINE MUTALJ

1 2,

3, Simeun MARIJANAC

4

1 Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2 Lafarge BFC, Beocin, Serbia, [email protected]

3 Mining institute, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 4 Mining institute, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Limestone Surface Mine Mutalj makes part of Lafarge Beocin Cement Factory and is located in the southern hillsides of Fruska Gora (Serbia) at 19 km from the Factory in Beocin city.

This paper present Limestone excavation technology of Liebherr R 984 C Excavator, part of Supplementary mining desing of Mutalj limestone surface mine made in Mining institute from Belgrade.

Keywords

Limestone, Mutalj, Lafarge, Excavator



139

ARRANGEMENT OF SURFACE EXCAVATIONS

OF NON-METAL MINERAL RAW MATERIAL

Dragica STOJILJKOVIC1, Snezana KOMATINA-PETROVIC

2,

Biserka DIMISKOVSKA3, Jelena STETIC

1, Jelena NINIC-TODOROVIC

1

1 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, [email protected], [email protected] 2 University Union-Nikola Tesla, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, [email protected] 3 Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, biserka@ pluto.iziis.ukim.edu.mk

A B S T R A C T

According to valid legal regulations, during closing of a surface excavation, the owner is obligated to prepare a project on surface excavation closure, i.e., arrangement of the terrain and change of its purpose. The design solution depends on the location of the excavation, the extent of degradation as well as the natural geomorphological and climatic conditions. The purpose of the terrain also depends on the age and social map of potential users of the re-cultivated area.

The paper contains a few original solutions for the quarry location on Frushka gora. The abandoned quarry is situated within a national park. Each solution is original according to design, paths and plant material. During the arrangement of the terrain, care for the proper use of design of structures, construction and plant material and their fitting into the landscape was not always taken.

A comparative analysis provides general criteria for the arrangement of the surface excavation of non-metal mineral raw materials. The specific criteria refer to surface excavations in the national park Frushka gora and application of landscape arrangement.

Keywords

Design, Plant Material, Quarry



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

EXPLOITATION OF SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES

IN PAKA QUARRY

Roman 1, Marjan HUDEJ

2, Marko RANZINGER

3

RGP d.o.o., Velenje, Slovenia


A B S T R A C T

Kozjak by the regional road Velenje-Slovenj Gradec. The location of the quarry does not represent a major disruption to the surrounding area with the impact of mining. The largest negative impacts on the environment are dust, noise and vibration. These negative impacts from mineral excavation in the quarry Paka we successfully minimized with the use the best drilling and mining machinery, use of appropriate types of explosives and sophisticated means of initial NONEL.

Mineral extraction in the quarry Paka is carried out by massive blasting. The exploitation solid mineral we transport with a trucks to filling the bunker of primary crusher at the processing plant. The total extraction area is divided into 12 terraces of excavation. Basic plateau is located at the altitude of +460, the highest point is on the bench +625. Overall height is 180m. Ranges of terraces are between 15 and 20 meters.

The basic activity of the Paka quarry is the acquisition of stone aggregates for the production of all types of concrete and mortar (even the most demanding), ballast gravels in road construction for high loads and stone for coatings in acquatic buildings or other construction works. The main services comprise: acquisition of stone aggregates from 0 to 1000mm, deep drilling and blasting, demolition and recycling of waste building materials.

This paper resume an exploitation works of solid mineral resources in Paka quarry.

Keywords

Mineral Resources, Blasting, Extraction and Transportation



141

HIGH UNDERGROUND COAL PRODUCTION,

BY MEANS OF POWERFUL

AND HIGH PERFORMANCE SHEARER LOADERS

Wolfgang SCHROTH

Eickhoff Bergbautechnik GmbH, Bochum, Germany

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The recent decades brought a huge boost in the development of the Shearer Loaders, which resulted in a high level of production and therefore an improvement in productivity. Furthermore, the safety of this particular working area has been increased as well.

The following paper will deliver an update on the increase of coal production output with the example of Shearer Loaders while the important high developed further Longwall Machinery that forms the other part of a Longwall system is not in the focus of this consideration.

Nowadays production outputs of 10 Mt per year out of one Longwall unit are not very seldom.



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

CONSTRUCTION OF HORIZONTAL MINING

FACILITIES THROUGH SCHIST`S MASSIVE

Nikolinka DONEVA, Marija HADZI-NIKOLOVA,

University

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents cost analysis for Two variables, headings cross section and rock-quality designation (RQD) were considered. Based on a real data analyses we were able to define two parameters functional relation between costs and cross-section. Examples and clasifications are elaborated in details.

Cross-section, Scientific research, Rocks



143

NEW UNDERGROUND COAL MINE MARIOVO

Pece MURTANOVSKI1, grad. min. eng.; m-r Bojan LAJLAR

2 grad. min. eng.

m-r Janez MAYER2, grad. min.

2, grad.min.eng.

Marijan LENART2 grad. min. eng

1 JSC ELEM Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Premogovnik Velenje DD, Velenje, R. Slovenia

A B S T R A C T

world are climbing up by steep trend line. It is the tax we pay to live normal life in a world where everything is dependent and rely on some sort of energy source, and on every step of the way there are more and more consumers of energy. In order to meet the requirements of this tendency of increased energy requirements, especially of electrical energy, opening new capacities for generating the most needed energy is a must.

In Macedonia, it is well known fact that the production of electric energy, in percentage approximately 80% comes from incineration of the coal within the thermal power plants from the mines in active exploitation, which are coming to an end of their coal resources.

As a solution to this problem comes into view the opening of new coal mines. One such a solution is offered by opening the underground coal mine Mariovo , in the region of Mariovo, some 40 km southeast of Prilep, which is planned with annual capacity of 2.000.000 t of coal, and life cycle of approximately 33 years (30 years of active exploitation).

Keywords

Coal, Mine, Velenje Method for Excavation



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

MINING BASIN KOLUBARA - A VARIANT

OF THE OPENING OF THE NEW OPEN PIT MINE

Zoran ILIC1, Rajko STOJAKOVIC

2, Zvonko BELACEVIC

3

Mining Basin Kolubara, Lazarevac, Serbia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Opening and building up of the new coal mines, construction of the new thermo blocks is a big investment project and represents an imperative and turn over in the development of Electric power industry of Serbia.The condition for the maintenance of the present level of coal production and capacity enlargement of the new thermo blocks is opening and building up open cast mines Veliki Crljeni, Field E, South Field and Radljevo.

The future open cast mines will have considerably bigger and more complex problems for opening and building up in comparison to all the other open pit mines which have been opened in Kolubara open mines up to now. First of all, bed separation of coal seams series, great depth of occurrence, significant hydro geologic ground water,with the important infrastructure object which occupy the area, are the only basic parameters which show the real problems of new open pit mines. Open pit mine South Field itself with all the problems it comprises, is the biggest challenge for the designers and the executors of work.

The limitation of open pit mine South Field has been carried out based on the consideration of the complete coal layer ( geological fTamnava East Field ), and also based on the position of the important infrastructure objects and coal quantities required for the supplying of electric power plant.

By analyzing of the front development on the overburden and coal, as well as stockpile capacity for waste in two variants of vertical division, it has been is decided to excavate only overlaying and coal groundmass, while the substratum is not going to be dug out. The main reason for defining of the open pit boundary depth in such a way is the lack of stockpile capacity for overburden dumping.

Keywords

The Limitation Of Open Pit, Optimum Variant



145

OPPORTUNITIES FOR REPAIRING THE UNLOADING

BUNKER ON SHAFT GOLEMA REKA - SASA MINE

Zoran DESPODOV1, Dejan MIRAKOVSKI

1,

Stojance MIJALKOVSKI1, Adjiski VANCHO

1, Borce GOCEVSKI

2

1

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

and work organization with special concern for workers safety. Several possibilities are reviewed and optimal approach is defined. Such works are of crucial importance for proper functioning

r similar operations in underground mines.

Keywords

Repairing, Unloading Bunker, Hoisting System


M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINE GEOLOGY



147

THE TIMOK COPPER-GOLD PROJECT

- GEOLOGY AND MINERALIZATION

(TIMOK MAGMATIC COMPLEX - EASTERN SERBIA)

1, Duncan LARGE

2

1 Balkan Exploration and Mining, Belgrade and Technical Faculty Bor, Bor, Serbia, [email protected]

2 Technical Advisor to Reservoir Minerals Inc., Braunschweig, Germany, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Timok Copper-Gold Project in Serbia comprises seven exploration permits in the highly prospective Timok Magmatic Complex, eastern Serbia. A copper-gold discovery within this prolific copper-gold mining district was announced during 2012.

that unconformably overlie the Late Cretaceous post-mineralized sequence of epiclastic and sedimentary rock units, and hornblende andesite volcanics and volcaniclastics that host high-sulphidation copper-gold massive sulphide .

Mineralization consists of covellite with bornite, enargite and chalcocite in zones, blebs and veins, hydrothermal breccias and replacements hosted by strongly altered andesite in the upper part, and porphyry style chalcopyrite-pyrite veins with rare molybdenite in the deeper sections.

Keywords

New Discovery, Copper, Gold



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE

OF THE METALLOGENY IN ORE FIELD KOSMAJ-BABE

Vojislav MRDJA

Balkan Exploration and Mining, Belgrade, Serbia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The Kosmaj-Babe ore field area lies within the Vardar Zone of Neogene carbonate-replacement and epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag and porphyry Cu mineralization.

Host rocks comprise Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sandstone, siltstone, marl and limestone overlain by an Upper Cretaceous flysch sequence. Sedimentary rocks are intruded in the north by granitic stocks and dykes and in the south by rhyolitic to quartz latite dykes and sills.

Historical works within this area dates back to Roman times and is recognised at surface by shallow, circular pits and slag deposits. A numerous (5,000) ancient mining shafts are recognised within the area.

The mineralization occurs as veins and stratabound replacement of the Cretaceous carbonates and is spatially associated with intrusive quartz-latite dykes and dacitic volcanic breccias. The mineralization proximal to the breccias is enriched in gold, and marked by arsenopyrite and intense silicification of the host marls and limestones.

Lead and zinc sulphides together with pyrite occur distally from the intrusive contact, but are also associated with intense silicification of the host carbonates. The ore mineralogy includes argentiferous galena, sphalerite and pyrite with accessory chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite, marcasite and gold.

Remodelling of the historic drilling data and validation drill holes indicate that the tonnage and grade of the historic resource are about 6Mt (with 4% Pb, 2% Zn, 0.2% Cu, 131g/t Ag and 0.15g/t Au). These data show the potentiality of this area for future exploration and discovery of new deposits.

Keywords

Metallogeny, Kosmaj-Babe, Lead-Zinc, Ore field, Flysch



149

GEOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS AT TORANICA DEPOSIT

Msc Rade STANKOVSKI, Eng. geologist

Indo Mineralas and Metlas mine Toranica, Kriva Palanka, R. Macedonia

[email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Site Toranica began with surface drilling and pit investigation in 1974 to 1980. The same is developed with ten horizons with distance between heights 50 m and bottommost horizon is made on level 1405m, and top level is 1855m and all are connected with main gate which entrance is at level 1450 (or under hole 2). Ore body is placed quartz graphite shale which are powerful 150-180 m, and floor imprint volcanic rocks. In floor and roof on quartz graphite shale are found that represent most common litolotical members in this part of field.

The biggest part of geological ore reserves on site Toranica are connect to floors underground ore bodies which appear in the form of layers, and elongated forms, and located at the contact of quartz graphite shale with bottom metamorforic series (floors gneisses) with intrusions quartz-latitite. Ore bodies with average power of 8-12m (Block 2 and up to 30 meters) and slope of 35º - 40º, and most common minerals are: galena, svalerit, pyrite halkopirit etc.

Keywords

Geological Composition, Minerals, Ore Bodies



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

QUARTZ RAW MATERIALS

IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Krsto BLAZEV1, Blagica DONEVA, Marjan DELIPETREV, Gorgi DIMOV

Faculty of natural and technical sciences, Stip, Republic of Macedonia 1 [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents registered reserves of primary and secondary quartz raw materials, or quartz and quartzite on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. Analyses of the reserves showed balance and out of balance reserves of quartz raw materials.

Mineral raw materials are not only geological term, but they are technical and economical category with known economic dimensions and specificity manifested in the fact that they are specific recourse. The nature created them in the ore deposits, with limited quantities and naturally non-renewable and could not be reproduced.

Their specificity is expressed in the way of their finding, the risk and the procedure of their exploitation, as well as the preparation for further industrial processing and application, i.e. their final valorization.

Keywords

Quartz, Quartzite, Reserves



151

GEOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FROM THE DEPOSIT

VESHJE NEAR NEGOTINO - R. MACEDONIA

Violeta STOJANOVA1 2

, Violeta STEFANOVA3, Blazo BOEV

4

Faculty of , R. Makedonija


A B S T R A C T

This paper presents the results of the geological and chemical research of Diatomaceous earth in the deposit Veshje near by Negotino.

The deposit - Veshje belongs to Tikvesh basin which is situated in the central part of Vardar zone. This rich and numerical representation of diatomaceous flora and conditions that were present in the upper lake basin during Pliocene are actually the major factors for the formation of productive layer of Diatomaceous earth.

Productive diatomaceous horizon appears in a form of a layer, with a length of 1-2 km and a thickness of 0,6 - 1,25 m, tending to form a spike towards the peripheral parts of the basin. Immediate layers above and below of the productive horizon are the andesite tuffs and agglomerations.

Based on chemical analyzes made done on Diatomaceous earth from Veshje, it resulted in the following content: SiO2 - 78.40%, Al2O3 - 6.40% CaO - 2.20% and Fe2O3 - 2.60%. Under this structure, Diatomaceous earth is a quality mineral resource which can be applied for filtration, thermal insulation and many other uses in industry and construction.

Keywords

Diatomaceous flora, Diatomaceous Earth, Tikvesh basin, Pliocene



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

DRAINAGE WELLS CONSTRUCTION

AS PART OF S.E.M. SUVODOL, REK BITOLA

Msc Zlatko ILIJOVSKI, grad.eng.geol.1; Stojan MIHAILOVSKI, grad.eng.hydrogeol.

2

Dragan NASEVSKI, grad.eng.mine3; Ljupce PETREVSKI, grad.eng.geol.

4

Blagoj GJORGIEVSKI, grad.eng.mine4; Mirjana TRPCEVSKI grad.eng.geol.

4

1 Civil Engineering Institute Macedonia , Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Civil Engineering Institute Macedonia , Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 3 Civil Engineering Institute Macedonia , Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 4 ELEM, REK Bitola, Bitola, R. Macedonia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The drilling of the wells and the results obtained as well as the results that will be obtained in the future by drawing water from the wells will serve as a basis for the development of a Drainage Design at the surface excavation of Suvodol, REK Bitola. Especially important are the results obtained from the individual and group testing of the well, which helped us get data on the yield of the wells, based on which corresponding submersible pumps were chosen and later installed in all of the wells.

Based on the capacity of the wells, the future Designer is recommended to take into consideration and analyze the possibility for drilling of drainage wells with somewhat smaller technical performance compared to the already drilled ones.

This study will present the hydro geologic characteristics of the formed aquifers, the scope of the on-site work, the well drilling methodology and a corresponding conclusion.

Keywords

Drainage, Construction of Wells, Testing Of Wells



153

RESULTS FROM THE MOST RECENT GEOLOGIC

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COAL MINE MARIOVO

Laste IVANOVSKI1, Zlatko ILIOVSKI

2, Elizabeta RALEVA

3

Civil Engineering Institute Makedonija JSc, R. Macedonia

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Studies of coal mines and their preparation for exploitation is an extremely complex task that requires a multidisciplinary approach. In the research phase of particular importance are drilling, geological, geomechanical and hydrogeological investigations. These studies are based on the following principles: gradation, completeness, smoothness and cost-effectiveness.

This paper shows the results of the performed calculations for quality and coal reserves in the Mariovo coal deposits. The type and the scope of investigations in this site comprehensively treats all the geological and geotechnical aspects.

The deposit is a potential coal mine, which in future could be opened by underground mining method.

Keywords

Coal, Deposit, Mineral Resource



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

RESULTS FROM NEWEST GEOLOGICAL

INVESTIGATIONS OF COAL DEPOSIT ZIVOJNO

Elizabeta RALEVA1, Zlatko ILIJOVSKI

2, Laste IVANOVSKI

3, Trifun MILEVSKI

4

1 Civil Engineering Institute MACEDONIA A.D. Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 2 Civil Engineering Institute MACEDONIA A.D. Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 3 Civil Engineering Institute MACEDONIA A.D. Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected] 4 J.S. ELEM Skopje, R. Macedonia, [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

During 2011 and 2012 in the coal deposit Zivojno were conducted extensive research in order together with previous research and testing to provide a satisfactory level of exploration of this important site. These studies represent a starting point for developing the mining project and design investments for opening the mining capacity and coal mining, which for us is a strategic mineral resource.

Keywords

Coal, Deposit, Mineral Resource



155

ORE MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS METHODS

IN MINERAL CONCENTRATION PROCESSES

Rudolf TOMANEC1

Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Differential behaviour of Pb-Zn-Cu ore in milling and consequent of these minerals are confirmed in this work. The characterization of textural properties of minerals is closely related to the process of their respective liberation. Relative milling properties of minerals in the given ore are determined during the comminution, and the optimum liberation degree is established for each mineral.

The result of tests aimed to improve the recovery and the grade of galena, marmatite and chalcopyrite concentrate in flotation plant Rudnik are presented in this paper. The Rudnik deposit is made of the complex Pb-Zn-(Cu-Fe) ore that becomes poorer and of

more and more complex texture depth of exploitation increase.

The methods of ore microscopic analysis were used during the realization of technological (and laboratory) tests. The data collected from certain processing phases in the flotation plant served as an explanation for the causes of certain behaviour patterns.

By using the method presented, the assumption that the chemical analysis as a tool for raw material monitoring during the flotation concentration is simply not sufficient was confirmed, especially for very complex texture and poor sulphide-oxide ores.

Keywords

Applied Ore Microscopy, Milling Properties of Minerals, Selective Mineral Liberation, Modal Analysis, Flotation Concentration



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UTILIZING GABBRO OF SITES PANTELEJ

AS CONSTRUCTION-TECHNICAL STONE

Vojo MIRCOVSKI1, Violeta STEFANOVA

2,

Tena SIJAKOVA-IVANOVA3, Gorgi DIMOV

4, Vasko MIRCOVSKI

Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev Stip, R. Macedonia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

This paper presents the results of the detailed field and laboratory investigations of gabbro from the locality Pantelej. These investigations are conducted in order to determine the mineralogical-petrographic and technical characteristics of gabrro in order to use as construction stone.

The main minerals that build rock are plagioclase and pyroxene.

Pyroxene is the dominant mineral in this sample, and it is represented by about 80%. In most pirochsene crystals are occupied with the process of metamorphosis - uralitisation where they transform to amfibol type: actinolite- tremolit and uralit.

Plagioclase in terms of pyroxene is present in smaller quantities and represented approximately 20%. It occurs like allotriomorphic to hypidiomorphic crystal belongs to basic plagioclase.

For the determination of the possibilities for the exploitation of this gabbro as constructing- technical stones, were carried out mineralogical - petrographic and chemical research, as well as, determine the physical - mechanical characteristics of the samples of these rocks. These performance show that they be able to find wide application in the construction as crushed stone for constructing for making of all types of concrete and asphalt.

Keywords

Pantelej, Gabbro, Yurasic, Construction-Technical Stone, Mineralogical - Petrographic Features, Physical Mechanical Properties


157

HISTORY AND MINE EDUCATION



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

CONCEPT OF THE MINING MUSEUM

IN KOSTOLAC, REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

1,

Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

At the surface dig site Klenovnik in the coal basin Kostolac mining operations are being shut down.

The projected solution of reclamation, revitalization and landscaping of the area degraded through exploitation, plans for natural function restoration - agriculture and foresting. As a part of this complex a mining museum is planned in the northwestern area on a surface oh 4.4 ha. According to the concept solution, the museum complex encompasses three set-ups: in the open, in the pavilion and underground set-up.

Estimates are that the museum will be very attractive for visitors not only for its contents, but also for its proximity to the archeological-museum complex Viminacijum , an excellent geogr

of Danube. This paper displays the concept solution of the museum.

Keywords

Kostolac, Mining Museum, Klenovnik, Landscaping



159

REFORMING THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

- BUILDING QUALITY WORKFORCE

Valentina MANEVSKA1, Roze ARSOVSKA

2

1 Vocacional school Taki Daskalot , Bitola, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] 2 CSOO, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

The dynamic changes in the society and the complexity of the problems which the employees face every day are causing changes in the knowledge, the skills and the competencies of the employees and the professionals, that necessarily reflects in the vocational education and training. The development of the society and the economy requires educational system that will provide knowledge, skills and competencies that are needed or required on the labor market.

The work in this paper pays special attention to the specific knowledge and skills that the students in the high school vocational education will gain, specifically the students studying the mining geology and metallurgy vocation. Until now, the high school vocational education was working with teaching programs that were 20 years old, and were mainly focusing on educating the teachers how to convey the teaching material for the students to gain the necessary education as a main priority.

This paper is an addition to the old teaching programs and the main priority in the elaborated reforms are the students and what they should learn at the end of each class. The studying results from the teaching programs are defined and they are clear record of the knowledge, the skills and the professional values which the student must possess and acquire for successful completion of the teaching program for the specific subject.

The elaborated reforms represent the transformation towards more modern educational system. In this paper they are presented through several major concepts [2]:

- Changes in the concept of knowledge that is defined as a complicated structure from theoretical knowledge (declarative and metacognitive), skills, procedural knowledge and human attitudes;

- Changes in the concept of learning where more important is the development of the knowledge at the student instead of the way that the teacher conveys the teaching material;

- Emphasizes the active role of the student;

- Introduction of the mentoring role of the teacher;



M a c e d o n i a , O h r i d , 2 0 1 3

- Inserting tasks including solving problems, project works etc.;

By using funds from the twinning project Support to the modernization of the vocational education and training system in cooperation with the Slovenian partner, the reforms in the high school vocational education have started. A total of 13 vocations for the second and third degree of education are covered with a total of 47 profiles. Using the reforms elaborated in this paper new curriculums have been developed for the profile mining machines operator.

Keywords

High School Vocational Education, Mining Geology and Metallurgy Vocation, Teaching Programs, Twinning Project

Тимкен Романија

www.siming.eu

Друштво за транспорт, градежништво и трговија

ВАТО ДОО Скопје

БУЧИМРУДНИК ЗА БАКАР

Радовиш

032 / 635-976 637-007 637-008

MARKOVSKI COMPANYДОО Битола

5th JUBILEE

BALKAN MINING CONGRESS

18th-21st September 2013 Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Publisher Association of Mining and Geological Engineers of Macedonia

For the Publisher

Ljupcho TRAJKOVSKI

Graphic Design&Prepress Dejan D. NIKOLOVSKI [email protected]

Printed by Kiro Dandaro, Bitola

Copies 250

www.balkanmine.mk

[email protected]

CIP -

622(497)(062)(048.3)

BOOK of abstracts : 5th jubilee Balkan mining congress

: 18th-21st September 2013, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia. - Skopje : Association of mining and geological engineers of Macedonia, 2013. - 184

ISBN 978-608-65530-0-5

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COBISS.MK-ID 94444554

BALKANMINE 2013 - Book of Abstracts

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