Bài Tập Hóa Lập Thể Và Danh Pháp

5/21/2018 Bi T p Ha L p Th V Danh Php

1/20

BI TP CHN LC V DANH PHP V LP THCA HIROCACBON VNG NO

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1. L ! "#$% &' ()*Chng ti chn ti B)* (+, "#$% -$" ' /%# ,#0, ) -+, (# "2/ #*&3!"/"4!% 5%6 %! !"i

nh#ng $% &' ! ()c %ch *+u ,y-./t $ c0n c1 gi2' tr3nh 4 &5y hc *inh chuyn h1+6 7ng thi th8c hi9n nhi9( !) nghin c:u c2c

chuyn ;7i &


2/20

Ric$'+n+n c1 nhiu !Ong U+ !OngV gi $ G'$iic$'+n+n?W% &)- n';'n+n $ (/t ;iic$'+n+n?

;iTic$'YZ?Z?[\hGt+n

.'n'ic$'+n+n c1 cng th:c chung $ CnHZnUn ]V?Lu - Tr'ng chDng tr3nh h1+ hc Gh^ thng6 ic$'+n+n Fc hi4u $ ('n'ic$'+n+n?B)* :. WiBt cng th:c Gh,n t_ ! c tn th' `aPAC ch' c2c ic$'+n+n *+u-

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

UV UbV

Bi gii Qui tc c tn-Xiclo + tn mch chnh + an

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

UV UbV

Tic$'Gr'G+n Tic$';ut+n

Tic$'Gnt+n Tic$'hT+n

Tic$'hGt+n Tic$''ct+n

B)* @. WiBt cng th:c Gh,n t_ ! c tn th' `aPAC ch' c2c ic$'+n+n *+u-


3/20

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

UV UbV

UgV UhV

Bi gii

Qui tc c tn- s ch v tr + tn nhnh + xiclo + tn mch chnh + an

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

UV UbV

(ty$Tic$'Gr'G+n [6Zd&i(ty$Tic$';ut+n

[6[d&i(ty$Tic$'Gnt+n [6Z6edtri(ty$Tic$'hT+n

[di*'Gr'Gy$dZd(ty$Tic$'hGt+n [dsecd;uty$dZdty$Tic$''ct+n

UgV UhV

(ty$nTic$'hT+n [d(ty$d]d(ty$ncyc$'Gnt+n

B)* E. Ch' ;iBt cng th:c chung cM+ hir'c+c;'n c1 h+i !Ong n'6 Gh,n $'5i? Ch' ;iBt nguyn tc c tncM+ c2c $'5i ny? Bi gii

Cng th:c chung cM+ hir'c+c;'n h+i !Ong n' $ CnHZndZn e? 1 c1 ] $'5i6 1 $-d H+i !Ong ri

Ly !Ong $"n $( (5ch ch%nh6 cOn !Ong nh= $( nh1( thB?W% &)-


4/20

Tic$'Gnty$Tic$'hT+n

d H+i !Ong c1 chung (/t nguyn t_ (t !Ong6 i4u *Gir'?.5ch c+c;'n Fc 2nh * hBt !Ong nh= Bn !Ong $"n6 ;t 0u t (/t nguyn t_ E nguyn t_chung?

Tn cM+ hir' i4u *Gir' g7( c2c ;/ GhNn hFG thnh th' tr3nh t8 *+u ,y-*Gir' f Yc2c * nguyn t_ c+c;'n ring Ut * $"n Bn * nh=V\ f tn hir'c+c;'n (5ch hE tDng:ng?W% &)-

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e

j[k

*Gir'Ye?\&c+n

d H+i !Ong c1 chung c0u ni6 i4u ;iic$'

.5ch c+c;'n Fc 2nh * ;t 0u t (/t nguyn t_ chung UE (/t lnhV6 Bn c2c nguyn t_ cM+c0u ni &i nht6 tiBG Bn c2c c0u ni ngn hDn?Tn cM+ hir'c+c;'n i4u g7( c2c ;/ GhNn hFG thnh th' th: t8 *+u-

;iic$' f Y* nguyn t_ C E c2c c0u ni Ughi t * $"n Bn * nh=V\ f tn cM+ hir'c+c;'n (5ch hEtDng :ng?W% &)-

;iTic$'Ye?]?k\n'n+n

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e

m

j

B)* F. Hy gi tn ch' c2c hFG cht *+u?

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

Bi gii

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

Tic$'Gr'Gy$Tic$'Gnt+n Tic$';uty$Tic$';ut+n

[dTic$'Gnty$ded(ty$cyc$'hT+n U]d(ty$cyc$'Gnty$VTic$'hT+n

B)* . Hy gi tn c2c cht *+u-


5/20

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

UV UbV

Bi gii

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

UV UbV

;iTic$'Y[?[?[\Gnt+n ;iTic$'YZ?[?[\hT+n

;iTic$'YZ?Z?[\hGt+n ;iTic$'YZ?Z?Z\'ct+n

;iTic$'Y]?[?[\hGt+n ;iTic$'Ye?[?[\'ct+n

B)* . oi tn c2c hFG cht *+u-

U+V U;V

UcV U&V

UV UbV

Ji gi@i-U+V U;V

*Gir'YZ?]\hT+n*Gir'YZ?Z\Gnt+n

UcV U&V

*Gir'YZ?e\hGt+n *Gir'Y]?e\'ct+n

UV UbV

*Gir'Ye?\&c+n *Gir'YZ?\'ct+n

B)* . Ch' ;iBt cng th:c cu t5' cM+ c2c cht c1 tn *+u-U+V *Gir'YZ6]\h+n U;V [d(ty$*Gir'YZ?]\h+nUcV *Gir'Y]?e\'ct+n U&V dty$*Gir'Y]?e\'ct+nUV *Gir'Ye?\&c+n UbV diGr'Gy$*Gir'Ye?\&c+n


6/20

Ji gi@iU+V *Gir'YZ6]\h+n U;V [d(ty$*Gir'YZ?]\h+n

*Gir'YZ?]\hT+n [d(ty$*Gir'YZ?]\hT+n

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UcV *Gir'Y]?e\'ct+n U&V dty$*Gir'Y]?e\'ct+n

*Gir'Y]?e\'ct+n dty$*Gir'Y]?e\'ct+n

UV *Gir'Ye?\&c+n UbV diGr'Gy$*Gir'Ye?\&c+n

*Gir'Ye?\&c+n diGr'Gy$*Gir'Ye?\&c+n

[

Z

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e

m

j [k

B)* J. Wp cng th:c cu t5' cM+ c2c hir'c+c;'n h+i !Ong n' *+u-U+V Jiic$'YZ?Z?[\hGt+nU;V Jiic$'Y?Z?k\n'n+nUcV Jiic$'Y]?[?[\hGt+nU&V Jiic$'Y]?]?k\'ct+n

Ji gi@i

;iTic$'YZ?Z?[\hGt+n

U+V

;iTic$'Y?Z?k\n'n+n

U;V

;iTic$'Y]?[?[\hGt+n

UcV U&V

;iTic$'Y]6]6k\'ct+n

B)* 1K. Ch' ;iBt cng th:c cu t5' cM+ c2c cht c1 cng th:c *+u-U+V ;iic$';ut+nU;V Zd(ty$;iic$';ut+nUcV ;iic$'Y]?Z?[\'ct+nU&V d(ty$;iic$'Y]?Z?[\'ct+n

Ji gi@iU+V Jiic$';ut+n U;V Zd(ty$;iic$';ut+n

;iTic$'Y[?[?k\;ut+n Zd(ty$;iTic$'Y[?[?k\;ut+n

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Z

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e

UcV ;iic$'Y]?Z?[\'ct+n U&V d(ty$;iic$'Y]?Z?[\'ct+n


7/20

;iTic$'Y]?Z?[\'ct+n d(ty$;iTic$'Y]?Z?[\'ct+n

[ Z

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e

m

B)* 11. c tn c2c cht *+u-

U+V U;V UcV U&V

Bi gii

Ch : Hai nhm th cn! "ha l# $%n! "h&n cis' c(n )hc "ha l# $%n! "h&n trans*

cisd[6Zd&i(ty$Tic$'hT+n cisd[6]d&i(ty$Tic$'hT+n

transd[6ed&i(thy$cyc$'hT+n transd[dty$d]d(hy$Tic$'Gnt+

B)* 1:. Ric$'+n+n n' c1 7ng Gh,n ci* q tr+n* S Bu c1 !p c@ h+i 7ng Gh,n 1?

U+V [6]d&i(ty$ic$'G+nt+nU;V ty$ic$'G+nt+nUcV [dty$dZd(ty$ic$';ut+n

Bi gii

U+V [6]d&i(ty$ic$'G+nt+n? C1 7ng Gh,n ci* q tr+n*CH]CH]

CH]H]C

cisd[6]d&i(ty$Tic$'Gnt+n

CH]

CH]

CH]H]C

transd[6]d&i(ty$Tyc$'Gnt+n

U;V ty$ic$'G+nt+n? shng c1 7ng Gh,n ci*dtr+n*?

CZH CZH

H+i cht trn $ (/t?UcV [dty$dZd(ty$ic$';ut+n- C1 7ng Gh,n ci*dtr+n*


8/20

CZH

H

CH]

H H]C CZH

cisd[dty$dZd(ty$Tic$';ut+n

H

CZH

CH]

H H]C CZH

transd[dty$dZd(ty$Tic$';ut+n

B)* 1@. H+i hFG cht h#u cD A ! J u c1 cng th:c Gh,n t_ C H[k? C@ h+i u hng Gh@n :ng !"i C$ Ztr'ng ti ! $5nh? A Gh@n :ng !"i C$Zc1 2nh *2ng6 nhng ch' (/t *@n Gh( &uy nht $ C HjC$? COn hFGcht J cng t2c &)ng !"i C$Ztr'ng cng iu i9n nhng ch' 7ng Gh,n C HjC$ h2c nh+u6 c1 th4 Gh,n

;i9t ;vng GhDng Gh2G !Nt $? Hy 2c wnh cu trc cM+ A6 J ! c2c *@n Gh( ('n'c$' 1? Bi gii:

A ! J c1 cng th:c CH[knn chng c1 th4 $ +nn h'c ic$'+n+n? Th' u ;i6 c2c cht ny hngt2c &)ng !"i C$Zti ! $5nh nn A ! J $ c2c ic$'+n+n?A t2c &)ng !"i C$Zch' (/t ('n'c$' &uy nht nn A $ ic$'Gnt+n

f C$Z

+*

C$ f HC$

J t2c &)ng !"i C$ZU2nh *2ngV t+' r+ &xn ut ('n'c$'6 nn J Gh@i $ (ty$ic$';ut+n?

C$Z

dHC$CH]

CH]

C$

CH]

C$

CH]

C$

CH]C$ CH]

C$

CHZC$

B)* 1E. :c c>ng J+yr $ g3S Bi gii

Rut Gh2t t h+i tin $ c2c !Ong n' c1 cu trc Ghzng ! g1c ;3nh thng cM+ hir'c+c;'n n' $[kjkZ{6 n>( [6 J+yr ch' rvng *8 |' nh= h+y trDng r/ng c2c g1c cM+ !Ong n' u &xn Bn (/t *:cc>ng $ ch' t%nh ;n cM+ !Ong gi@( i? gi t+ gi 1 $ *:c c>ng J+yr? :c c>ng cng $"n6 !OngtDng :ng cng %t ;n? / (5nh cM+ *:c c>ng Fc 2nh gi2 ;vng ? Fc t%nh th' cng th:c

( )

=

n

[kZn}Z[kjZ

[ k

!% &)-

n ] e m j Zekee{ jkee{ kkee{ dkee{ jk]]{ [Zke{ d[kk{

B)* 1F. W3 *+' n1i $in Bt CdC tr'ng i$'Gr'G+n Fc gi $ $in Bt Ku@ chui S Bi gii

Ric$'Gr'G+n $ hFG cht !Ong n' &uy nht c1 cu t5' Ghzng? Th' Ku+n ni9( hi9n 5i6 Gh0n n GhM c8c5i cM+ c2c 2( (,y $ctr'n hng nv( trn ng thzng ni $in h+i nguyn t_ c+c;'n ( c1 *8 unc'ng? 8 un c'ng ny $( ch' Gh0n n GhM 2( (,y $ctr'n c1 gi@( i6 nhng *G BG nh thB c1 $Fi

! (t n>ng $Fng? C2c $in Bt CdC ny Fc gi $ $in Bt Ku@ chui6 n1 (+ng t%nh cht trung gi+ngi#+ $in Bt ! ;3nh thng? X' *8 un c'ng nh !Ny6 th8c tB g1c $in Bt cM+ !Ong chl ;vng [kkch: hng Gh@i [kjkZ{ ! $"n hDn nhiu *' !"i g1c cu t5' Ghzng cM+ t+( gi2c u UkkV? Ric$'Gr'G+nrt &~ ;w (E !Ong &"i t2c &)ng cM+ hir'h+$'gnu+6 JrZ! ;w hir' h'2 c1 cht c t2c?


9/20

B)* 1. ThB n' $ $8c y PitS Bi gii

Th8c tB6 c2c !Ong n' Utr ic$'Gr'G+nV hng Gh@i $ nh#ng !Ong Ghzng? Tr'ng (/t !Ong ng'i *:c c>ngg1c J+yr c1 c1 (/t $8c y n#+ 1 $ $8c y gi#+ c2c nguyn t_ hir' E tr5ng th2i ch hut (/t Gh0nh+y t'n Gh0n g,y nn6 ' 1 (/t !i nguyn c+c;'n cM+ !Ong ;w $9ch r+ h=i (t Ghzng !Ong? L8c y1 gi $ $8c y PitB)* 1. guyn nh,n n' 4 ic$';ut+n t7n t5i E &5ng hng GhzngS Bi gii

Th' Ku+n ni9( hi9n n+y6 ic$';ut+n c1 cu t5' hng Ghzng g1c gG c1 gi2 trw h'@ng ZkdZk? T%nhhng Ghzng cM+ ic$';ut+n Fc ch:ng t= t c2c i9n th8c nghi9( cM+ gi@n 7 Dnghn6 gi@n 7$ctr'n6 ('(n $ng *+u6 ch' ;iBt cu &5ng n' cM+ ic$'h+n ;n nht S oi@i th%ch S

CCZ


10/20

Bi gii

Cu &5ng ghB ;n hDn cu &5ng thuyn6 !3 n1 c1 thB n>ng thG nht? guyn nh,n &xn Bn *8 h2c nh+u

! / ;n gi#+ h+i &5ng ghB ! thuyn $ $8c y tDng t2c gi#+ c2c nguyn t_ hir' cM+ !Ong? &5ngghB tt c@ u Fc Gh,n ; th' h3nh th4 n p? Tr'ng hi 1 E &5ng thuyn chl c1 e h9 thng UC[dCZ6C]dCe6 CedC! CdC[V $ Gh,n ; n 6 cOn h+i h9 thng cOn $5i CZdC]! CdCV th3 Gh,n ; ch hut?

HDn n#+ nguyn t_ H E C[! Cechl c2ch nh+u [6ek

Ann n1 c1 (/t $8c y h'@ng ] c+$('$? T^ng

c/ng thB n>ng cM+ &5ng thuyn $"n hDn &5ng ghB 6 c+$('$?

Cng th:c (+n &5ng ghB Cng th:c (+n &5ng thuynB)* :K. Tr'ng ic$'h+n6 2c inh $in Bt tr)c U+i+$V ! $in Bt ;in UKu+t'ri+$V? ' *2nh t%nh ;n cM+ad(ty$ic$'h+n ! ed(ty$ic$'h+n? oi@i th%ch? Bi gii

Tr'ng ic$'h+n6 *+u nguyn t_ c+c;'n E &5ng ghB Fc Gh,n ; trn h+i (t Ghzng *'ng *'ng? .tGhzng th: nht ch:+ C[6 C]! C (t Ghzng th: h+i ch:+ CZ6 Ce! C? Tr)c i :ng ;Nc ;+ cM+ Gh,n t_thzng g1c !"i h+i (t Ghzng? [Z $in Bt CdH Fc chi+ $( h+i nh1(- nh1( th: nht g7( nguyn t_ H*'ng *'ng !"i tr)c i :ng ;Nc ;+ U ] $in Bt h"ng $n ! ] $in Bt h"ng ungV? T+ gi 1 $ $in Bttr)c6 hi9u $ + U+i+$V? h1( th: h+i g7( $in Bt cOn $5i6 chng h"ng r+ ng'i ;in Gh,n t_ Ut5' !"i

tr)c i :ng (/t g1c [kj

k

Fc gi $ $in Bt ;in6 % hi9u $ UKu+t'ri+$V?

sBt Ku@ h@' *2t $ thuyBt cng nh th8c nghi9( ed(ty$ic$'h+n ;n hDn ad(ty$ic$'h+n? nhi9t/ thng ed(ty$ic$'h+n chiB( j cOn ad(ty$ic$'h+n chiB( ?+d(ty$ic$'h+n |( ;n !3 c1 Bn h+i tDng t2c *yn6 tr'ng h' 1 ed(ty$ic$'h+n hng c1 tDng

t2c *yn n' c@?


11/20

ed(ty$ic$'h+n ad(ty$ic$'h+n

B)* :1. R|t cu &5ng *+u-

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Z]e

U+V h1( (ty$ gn Gh%+ &"i Cd $ $in Bt tr)c U+i+$V h+y $in Bt ;in UKu+t'ri+$V SU;V ' *2nh / ;n hi nh1( (ty$ gn Gh%+ &"i Cd[ ! Cde?UcV shi nh1( (ty$ gn !' C] th3 t5' r+ cu &5ng ;n6 !Ny n1 gn !' &"i h+y trnS

Bi gii

U+V h1( CH]$ $in Bt tr)c U+V

CH3

U;V Cd[ |( ;n hDn Cde6 !3 $in Bt tr)c |( ;n hDn $in Bt ;in UV?CH3

[

H3C

e

UcV h1( CH]gn !' Cd] t5' r+ cu &5ng ;n th3 Gh@i $ $in Bt ;in6 tDng :ng !"i !w tr% ny $gn !' Gh%+ &"i?

H3C

H

B)* ::. R2c wnh cu trc ;n tr'ng (i cG cu &5ng ch' &"i ,yS


12/20

Bi gii:

C2c cu &5ng ;n $-

B)* :@. t ch2y h'n t'n ty$ic$'Gr'G+n ! (ty$ic$';ut+n6 *' *2nh n>ng $Fng gi@i Gh1ng cM+ (i7ng Gh,n? Bi gii

ty$ic$'Gr'G+n ! (ty$ic$';ut+n $ 7ng Gh,n Uu c1 cng th:c Gh,n t_ CH[ZV? 7ng Gh,n n' ;ngi@i Gh1ng n>ng $Fng thG? ty$ic$'Gr'G+n c1 *:c c>ng g1c $"n ! |( ;n hDn (ty$ic$';ut+n?

CHZCH] CH]

ty$Tic$'Gr'G+n (ty$Tic$';ut+n

k6 c+$('$ k[6Z c+$('$

B)* :E. ' *2nh t%nh ;n cM+ 7ng Gh,n $NG th4 [6]6dtri(ty$ic$'h+n?

H

CH]

H CH]

H

H]C

cisd[6]6dtri(ty$Tic$'hT+n

H

CH]

H]C H

H

H]C

transd[6]6dtri(ty$Tic$'hT+n

Bi gii

Tt c@ nh1( CH]$ Ku+t'ri+$ tr'ng cisd[6]6dtri(ty$ic$'h+n nn n1 ;n hDn transd[6]6dtri(ty$ic$'h+n c1 ch:+ (/t nh1( CH]$ +i+$?

H

CH]

H CH]

H

H]C

H

CH]

H

CH]

HH]C

cisd[6]6dtri(ty$Tic$'hT+n

H

CH]

H]C H

H

H]C

CH]

CH]

H

CH]

HH

transd[6]6dtri(ty$Tic$'hT+n

B)* :F. WiBt cu trc Gh,n t_ c1 cu &5ng ;n nht ch' (i hFG cht *+u-

U+V transd[dtertd;uty$d]d(ty$ic$'h+nU;V cisd[dtertd;uty$d]d(ty$ic$'h+nUcV transd[dtertd;uty$ded(ty$ic$'h+nU&V cisd[dtertd;uty$ded(ty$ic$'h+n

Bi gii


13/20

U+V 4 c1 7ng Gh,n cu &5ng ;n nht th3 nh1( trtd;uty$ $ Ku+t'ri+$? +u 1 th( nh1( CH]U+i+$V!' Cd] cM+ !Ong ic$'h+n?

H

CUCH]V]

H

CH]

H

CUCH]V]

transd[dtertd;uty$d]d(ty$Tic$'hT+n

U;V Tr"c tin !p ic$'h+n E &5ng ghB !"i (/t nh1( trtd;uty$ E !w tr% Ku+t'ri+$? 4 t5' r+ cisd[dtertd;uty$d]d(ty$ic$'h+n th3 Gh@i gn nh1( (ty$ !' Cd] E !w tr% Ku+t'ri+$?

H]C

H

H

CUCH]V]

cisd[dtertd;uty$d]d(ty$Tic$'hT+n

UcV transd[dtertd;uty$ded(ty$ic$'h+n c@ h+i nh1( trtd;uty$ ! Cde (ty$ u $ Ku+t'ri+$?H

CUCH]V]

transd[dtertd;uty$ded(ty$Tic$'hT+n

H]C

H

U&V L0n n#+6 nh1( trtd;uty$ E !w tr% Ku+t'ri+$6 tuy nhin6 tr'ng cisd[dtertd;uty$ded(ty$ic$'h+n6

Ced(ty$ Gh@i E !w tr% +i+$?H

CUCH]V]

cisd[dtertd;uty$ded(ty$Tic$'hT+n

H

CH]

B)* :. Wp c2c 7ng Gh,n ! gi tn cM+ hir'c+c;'n c1 h+i !Ong nhng hng ch:+ nh1( thB +ny$ c1

cng th:c Gh,n t_ CH? Bi gii

*Gir'Gnt+n ;iTic$'YZ?[?k\Gnt+n ;iTic$'Y[?[?[\Gnt+n

B)* :. WiBt c2c 7ng Gh,n ! gi tn cM+ hir'c+c;'n c1 h+i !Ong nhng hng ch:+ nh1( thB +ny$ c1cng th:c Gh,n t_ CH[k Bi gii


14/20

*Gir'YZ?]\hT+n ;iTic$'YZ6Z6k\hT+n ;iTic$'Y]6[6k\hT+n

;iTic$'YZ6[6[\hT+n Tic$'Gr'Gy$Tic$'Gr'G+n

B)* :. Hy !p (/t ( h3nh Gh,n t_ ch' n';'n+n U;iic$'YZ6Z6[\hGt+nV? WOng c5nh E &5ng thuyn h+yghBS HFG cht ('n'c$' n';'n+n c1 ;+' nhiu 7ng Gh,n h2c nh+uS Bi gii n';'n+n

WOng c5nh cM+ n';'n+n E &5ng thuyn?('n'c$' n';'n+n c1 e 7ng Gh,n-

C$

C$

C$

C$

A B C D

A ! J c1 th4 c1 7ng Gh,n Ku+ng hcB)* :J. hi9t t ch2y cM+ (/t * ic$'+n+n nh *+u-Ric$'+n+n H Uc+$('$V Ric$'+n+n H Uc+$('$VRic$'Gr'G+n ejj6] Ric$'n'+n [eZj6kRic$';ut+n 6 Ric$'c+n [6kkRic$'Gnt+n mj]6Z Ric$'unc+n [meZ6ekRic$'h+n jee6e Ric$'c+n [jZ6ekRic$'hGt+n [[k6Zk Ric$tric+n Zk[6ekRic$''ct+n [Zj6Zk Ric$'ttr+c+n ZZk]6k

Hy t%nh nhi9t t ch2y cM+ nh1( (ty$n tr'ng (i ic$'+n+n? Hy t%nh *:c c>ng g1c tr'ng c2cic$'+n+n trn? JiBt rvng ic$'h+n $ tFng trng ch' h9 hng c1 *:c c>ng g1c U*:c c>ng g1c t8 &'V?

Hy $i9t c2c $'5i *:c c>ng g1c tr'ng c2c !Ong c1 %ch th"c h2c nh+u?U;V Hy gi@i th%ch t5i *+' nh#ng !Ong c1 %ch th"c trung ;3nh UCmdC[[V Fc t^ng hFG !"i hi9u *ut thGhDn *' !"i !Ong nh= UC]dCV h'c !Ong $"n UC[ZdCnVS Bi gii

U+V 4 t%nh nhi9t t ch2y cM+ (i nh1( CHZc1 tr'ng c2c ic$'+n+n t+ $y nhi9t t ch2y cM+ic$'+n+n 1 chi+ ch' * nguyn t_ C? H+n c1 *:c c>ng g1c ;vng hng nn nhi9t t ch2y cM+ nh1(CHZhi hng c1 *:c c>ng g1c $ [m6e[ c+$('$? T 1 t+ c1 th4 t%nh Fc nhi9t t ch2y cM+ c2cic$'+n+n tDng :ng hi hng c1 *:c c>ng g1c ;vng c2ch $y [m6e[ nh,n ch' * nguyn t_ c+c;'n?sBt Ku@ th4 hi9n tr'ng ;@ng *+u?

n hi9t t ch2y

c+$('$

hi9t t ch2y cM+

CHZc+$('$

hi9t t ch2y

hng c1 *:c c>ngg1c c+$('$

:c c>ng g1c

c+$('$

] ejj?] [?[ emZ?Ze Zm?je ? []?jm Zj? Z?Z[


15/20

mj]?Z [?m mm?km ?e jee?e [m?e[ jee?e km [[k?Z [?][ [[k[?j ?][ [Zj?Z [? [Zj?][ j?jj [eZj? [?] [e[?mZ [Z?m[k [ [? [me?[] [[?m

[[ [meZ?e [?e [m][? [k?[Z [jZ?e [m?m [?j ]?ee[] Zk[?e [m? Zke?]m ?k][e ZZk]? [m?e ZZk]?mj dk?[j

hNn |t:c c>ng g1c gi@( &0n t ic$'Gr'G+n Bn ic$'h+n? W3 c1 *8 Bt hFG *:c c>ng g1c U*:c c>ng J+yrV! *8 y tDng h gi#+ c2c nh1( thB E !w tr% ch hut U*:c c>ng PitrV? C2c !Ong $"n n [Z *:c c>ngg1c nh= hng 2ng 4? C2c !Ong trung ;3nh UCmdC[[V c1 *:c c>ng g1c?U;V ntr'Gi @nh hEng Bn cu &5ng cM+ !Ong nh=? h#ng !Ong ny c1 h@ n>ng 1ng !Ong $"n ng+y c@hi c1 *:c c>ng? h#ng !Ong $"n c1 th4 t5' r+ !"i hi9u *ut hFG $ !3 chng c1 *:c c>ng g1c ;| ! yBu t

ntr'Gi c1 th4 !Ft Ku+ ;vng *8 $8+ chn iu i9n Gh@n :ng Gh hFG? C2c !Ong trung ;3nh ! (tntr'Gi ! *:c c>ng u hng thuNn $Fi nn hi9u *ut Gh@n :ng nh=?B)* @K. ' *2nh / ;n cM+ h+i cu &5ng *+u6 gi@i th%ch S

HH

CH]

CH]

H

H

H]C

UAVH

H

H]C

CH]

H

H

CH]

UJV

Bi gii

Cu &5ng J ;n hDn cu &5ng A !3 c1 Z CH]q H [6]d&i+i+$ rGu$*i'n* tr'ng hi 1 cu &5ng A c1 (/tCH]dCH][6]d&i+i+$ rGu$*i'n ! h+i CH]dH [6]d&i+i+$ rGu$*i'n?B)* @1. Wp c2c cu &5ng ghB cM+ tr+n*d[6Zd&i(ty$ic$'h+n ! ci*d[6Zd&i(ty$ic$'h+n? ' *2nh /

;n cM+ c2c cu &5ng 1? Bi gii

CH3

CH3 UV

UV

CH3

CH3 U+V

U+Vbn hntransd[6Zd&i(ty$Tic$'hT+n

CH3UV

CH3U+V

cisd[6Zd&i(ty$Tic$'hT+n

CH3U+V

CH3UV

Hai cu dng ny c bn nh nhauB)* @:. Wp c2c cu &5ng ghB cM+ tr+n*d[6]d&i(ty$ic$'h+n ! ci*d[6]d&i(ty$ic$'h+n? ' *2nh /

;n cM+ c2c cu &5ng 1?


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CH3 UV

CH3 U+V

transd[6]d&i(ty$Tic$'hT+n

Hai cu dng ny c bn nh nhau

CH3(a)

H3CUV

CH3UV

CH3U+V

cisd[6]d&i(ty$Tic$'hT+n

H3C UV

CH3U+Vbn hn

B)* @@. Wp c2c cu &5ng ghB cM+ transd[6ed&i(ty$ic$'h+n ! cisd[6ed&i(ty$ic$'h+n? ' *2nh /;n cM+ c2c cu &5ng?

Bi gii

CH3 UV

CH3U+V

transd[6ed&i(ty$Tic$'hT+nbn hn

H3C

UV

CH3U+V

CH3 UV

CH3U+V

cisd[6ed&i(ty$Tic$'hT+n

CH3 U+V

H3C

UV

Hai cu dng ny c bn nh nhau.

B)* @E. U+V Zd`*'Gr'Gy$dd(ty$ic$'h+n'$ c1 e 7ng Gh,n ci* q tr+n*6 hy !iBt c2c 7ng Gh,n 1? U;V Wpcu &5ng cM+ c2c 7ng Gh,n 1? Tr'ng * e 7ng Gh,n 1 7ng Gh,n n' ;n nhtS

Bi gii

U+V Cng th:c cM+ e 7ng Gh,n

U;V Ji4u &i~n c2c cu &5ng

UcV Cu &5ng ;n nht $ tr+n*dZd`*'Gr'Gy$dci*dd(ty$ic$'h+n'$? W3 tt c@ c2c nh1( thB u E &5ng ?


17/20

B)* @F. oi@i th%ch t5i *+u [6Zd&i(ty$ic$'h+n c1 7ng Gh,n h3nh hc tr'ng hi 1 [6Zd&i(ty$ic$'&'&c+n th3 hng S

Xi !Ong ic$'&'&c+n M $"n 4 c2c nh1( nguyn t_ c1 th4 Ku+y t8 &'6 !3 thB n1 hng th4 t7n t5i 7ngGh,n ci*dtr+n*?B)* @. WiBt cng th:c c2c 7ng Gh,n $NG th4 hng i Ku+ngU7ng Gh,n $NG th4 i d + V cM+ Z d c$' d [6] d

i(ty$ic$'h+n ! ch' ;iBt cu trc *@n Gh( t5' thnh hi ch' c2c 7ng Gh,n 1 t2c &)ng !"iCH]+?

Bi giiCH

3

CH3

Cl

CH3Cl

CH3

CH3

CH3

Cl

CH3Cl

CH3I II III

CH3

CH31,3 - imetylicl!heen

"h#ng t$ch % c &'H ( Cb)n cnh *h#ng +ng hng& u ( &t/0ci 2i & i cl!.

C4 5 H ( C b)n cnhu t$ch % c.

Ch6c 1 H l t$ch % c.

1,3 - imetylicl!heen

CH3

CH3

Cl

H

CH3H

H3CCl

H

CH3H

H3CCl

H

CH3

CH3

B)* @. 2u hir'c+c;'n A6 J6 C6 X6 6 u c1 cng th:c Gh,n t_ CeH? Ch' tng cht !' ;r'( tr'ngCC$ehi hng chiBu *2ng th3 thy A6 J6 C6 X t2c &)ng rt nh+nh?6 t2c &)ng chN( hDn6 cOn th3h0u nh hng Gh@n :ng? C2c *@n Gh( thu Fc t J ! C $ nh#ng 7ng Gh,n Ku+ng hc hng iKu+ngU7ng Gh,n $NG th4 i d +V cM+ nh+u? shi ch' t2c &)ng !"i HZUP&6 tkV th3 A6 J6 C u ch' cng(/t *@n Gh( o? J c1 nhi9t / *i c+' hDn C?[? R2c wnh cng th:c cM+ hir'c+c;'n trn? oi@i th%chSZ? ' *2nh nhi9t / *i cM+ ! ?]? Bu c1 C6 X6 6 ? Hy nu GhDng Gh2G h'2 hc nhNh ;iBt chng?

Bi gii.[? C2c 7ng Gh,n c1 th4 c1 cM+ CeH-


18/20

CH3 CH5 CH CH5 CH3 C CH5

CH3CH3CH CH

CH3 CH3

CH CHCH3H5C

H5C CH5

CH5

H5C CH

CH5

CH3d W3 h0u nh hng Gh@n :ng !"i JrZCC$e6 nn $-

H5C

H5C CH5

CH5

d t2c &)ng chN( !"i JrZCC$e6 nn $-

H5C CH

CH5

CH3d W3 A6 J6 C Fc hir' h'2 u ch' cng (/t *@n Gh( o ch:ng t= A6 J6 C c1 hung C nh nh+u6 nncOn $5i X-

CH3 C CH5

CH3W3 J6 C t2c &)ng !"i JrZCC$ech' nh#ng 7ng Gh,n Ku+ng hc hng i Ku+ng cM+ nh+uUc1 %t nht ZCV6nn J ! C $ 7ng Gh,n cis < transcM+ nh+u? X' J c1 nhi9t / *i c+' hDn C nn J $ 7ng Gh,ncis UGh,n c8c hDnV?

78 CH3

C CCH3

HH

C8 CH3

C CCH3

H

H

A- CH]d CHZd CH CHZIII. T LUN

ghin c:u ti ny6 chng ti thu Fc (/t * Bt Ku@ *+u-[? T^ng Ku+n Fc $ thuyBt cM+ ti nghin c:u?Z? Chng ti thiBt B ! chn $c ]m ;i tNG ! &+nh Gh2G ! $NG th4 cM+ hir'c+c;'n !Ong n' c1 $igi@i6 tr'ng 1-

Ji tNG ! h2i ni9(- j ;i

Ji tNG ! &+nh Gh2G- j ;iJi tNG ! cu h3nh- e ;iJi tNG ! cu &5ng- [[ ;iJi tNG t^ng hFG- e ;i

]? R,y &8ng Fc h9 thng ;i tNG t &~ Bn h16 t Dn gi@n Bn Gh:c t5G6 giG ch' c2c ( hc *inh &~tiBG thu? ti ny $ (/t ti $i9u giG c2c ( hc *inh t8 hc6 t8 nghin c:u6 $ ti $i9u th+( h@' ch'gi2' !in ;7i &


19/20


20/20

TI LIU THAM HOY[?\ ng 3nh J5chUZkk[V6 h#ng !n h1+ hc h#u cD6 RJ sh'+ hc ! s thuNtYZ?\ Trwnh 3nh Ch%nh U[jjV6 CD *E $ thuyBt h1+ $NG th46 Ti $i9u JXTR?Y]?\ Tr0n Quc Dn6 U[jmmV6 CD *E $% thuyBt h1+ h#u cD6 RJ oi2' &)c?Ye?\ Tr0n Quc Dn q Tr0n Thw T_u UZkk]V6 X+nh Gh2G hFG cht h#u cD?Y?\ Th2i X'n Tnh UZkkZV oi2' tr3nh cD *E $ thuyBt h1+ hc6 RJ sh'+ hc ! s thuNt?Y?\ guy~n Trng Th UZkkkV6 $y(Gic h1+ hc q Wi9t +( ! Quc t6 tNG ] q h#ng ;i tNG chun

;w ch' 3 thi $y(Gic Kuc tB $0n th: ]k6 ][6 ]Z6 RJ oi2' &)c?Ym?\ g Thw ThuNn U[jjjV6 H1+ hc h#u cD6 Gh0n ;i tNG6 RJ sh'+ hc ! s ThuNt?Y?\ guy~n 3nh Tri9u UZkk]V6 Zkkk C,u h=i ! ;i tNG trc nghi9( h1+ hc h#u cD6 TNG [6 RJ

sh'+ hc ! s ThuNt?Yj?\ r+nci* A? C+ry U[jjV6 rg+nic Ch(i*try6 Th .cor+dHi$$Y[k?\ ';rt Th'r(nt'n .'rri*'n U[jjZV6 rg+nic Ch(i*try6 Prntic H+$$?Y[[?\ httG-&Gt*?+*hingt'n?&uch(cr*;u$&i*ch(Z]mJ+utkh+n&'utCh+Gtr]CH.Z]mJ

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http://depts.washington.edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem237B_aut06/handout_Chapter_3_CHEM237Baut06.pdfhttp://depts.washington.edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem237B_aut06/handout_Chapter_3_CHEM237Baut06.pdfhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch03/ch3-0.htmlhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch03/ch3-0.htmlhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch03/ch3-0.htmlhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch03/ch3-0.htmlhttp://www.columbia.edu/itc/chemistry/chem-c3045/organic/text_chapters/ch3.htmlhttp://www.chem.uic.edu/web1/OCOL-II/WIN/ALKANE/F3.HTMhttp://stezlab1.unl.edu/Chem251-2005/PowerPoint/JJSChapter%203.ppthttp://www.cem.msu.edu/~parrill/movies/conf.htmlhttp://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/courses/2oa3/lecture_two.pdfhttp://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/courses/2oa3/lecture_two.pdfhttp://chemistry.uca.edu/faculty/manion/2401/2401res/chap4.pdfhttp://depts.washington.edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem237B_aut06/handout_Chapter_3_CHEM237Baut06.pdfhttp://depts.washington.edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem237B_aut06/handout_Chapter_3_CHEM237Baut06.pdfhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch03/ch3-0.htmlhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch03/ch3-0.htmlhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch03/ch3-0.htmlhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch03/ch3-0.htmlhttp://www.columbia.edu/itc/chemistry/chem-c3045/organic/text_chapters/ch3.htmlhttp://www.chem.uic.edu/web1/OCOL-II/WIN/ALKANE/F3.HTMhttp://stezlab1.unl.edu/Chem251-2005/PowerPoint/JJSChapter%203.ppthttp://www.cem.msu.edu/~parrill/movies/conf.htmlhttp://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/courses/2oa3/lecture_two.pdfhttp://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/courses/2oa3/lecture_two.pdfhttp://chemistry.uca.edu/faculty/manion/2401/2401res/chap4.pdf

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