Bai Giang FMS & CIM - Chuong 2

7/25/2019 Bai Giang FMS & CIM - Chuong 2

1/57

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHOA HNG KHNG V TR

BI GiNG MN HC

H THNG SN XUT LINH HOT

TS. Trn c Tng

B mn CNTB & HKVTin thoi: 0973 991486

Email: [email protected]

TS. Trn c Tng Khoa HKVT

5. H thng lp rp linh hot

2. My o ta (CMM)

3. Robot trong h thng SXLH

Ni dung 4. T bo SXLH (FMC), h thng FMS

1. Cc my v trung tm gia cng CNC

Chng 2: Thit b trong h thng FMS

6. H thng kim tra t ng ca FMS

7. H thng vn chuyn, kho cha ca FMS


2/57


1. Gii thiu

H thng sn xut linh hot thng gm mt s thit b kh

trnh, sn xut mt s loi sn phm nht nh. Cc thit b trn c lin kt vi nhau (lin kt thng tin) thnh

mt n v sn xut vi s h tr ca cc chng trnh iu

khin.

Cc thit b gia cng v lp rp, cng vi cc thit b vn

chuyn v x l thng tin hnh thnh h thit b c s ca sn

xut tch hp.

Ngy nay, cc thit b sn xut c c im chung l c iu

khin bng k thut s.


2. Cc my v trung tm gia cng CNC

2.1 iu khin s v cu trc ca my NC

- My NC l thit b c bn trong h thng sn xut linh hot. Thutng iu khin s (numerical control-NC) ngha l my NC c iukhin bng k thut s t chng trnh lp sn. N cho php thchng linh hot vi nhng thay i trong sn xut lot va v lot nh.

- Ngy nay tt c cc b iu khin NC u s dng my tnh, nnthut ng CNC (computer numerical control) thay th cho thutng NC.

- Qu trnh to d liu gia cng t ng mt chi tit c gi l lp

trnh NC. Chng trnh NC l mt file dng vng bn, c vit theomt h m chun m b iu khin c th hiu c, hng dncho my thc hin qu trnh gia cng mt cch t ng.

- Cc thng tin c truyn cho b iu khin NC c chia thnhthng tin hnh hc (G, X, Y, Z,) v thng tin cng ngh (F, S, T, M)


3/57


- V hnh hc, c 3 kiu iu khin:- iu khin im - im

- iu khin ng thng- iu khin contour iu khin im-im cho php

dch chuyn nhanh t mt im timt im. ng dch chuyn cxc nh bi b iu khin

iu khin ng thngcho php s dch chuyn dc theo mt trc mt tc xc nh. iu khin contourc s dng iu khin qua mt s ng(cc ng thng v ng trn) mt tc xc nh. Vic phi hpcc ng thng v ng to thnh cc ng cong bt k.

iu khin v cng ngh tc ng ti cc tham s cng ngh nh tttrc chnh, iu khin tc chy dao, thay dao, cp dung dch lmmt


-Qu trnh to, x l dliu, v iu khin thit bc phn thnh 3 cp:

- Cp nhp/xut d liu:c chc nng nhnchng trnh

- Cp x l: c v x lcc thng tin cng nghv hnh hc trong chngtrnh, xut ra cc tn hiuiu khin cc h thng

trn my-Cp iu khin, to tnhiu iu khin cc thitb chp hnh qua ccgiao din vo/ra tngng.

Cc chc nng ca mt b iu khin NC


4/57


Nguyn l ca my gia cng c kh c iu khin CNC


c im cu trc ca my CNC

Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt my NC gm:

Phn my cng c, gm: cc h thng cng tc v chp hnh (ckh, in, thu kh) thc hin chc nng gia cng. Phn my cngc v c bn c cu trc nh cc my thng thng.

Phn iu khin, gm:

- B iu khin (controller), thng gi l b CNC, gm phn cng vphn mm thc hin cc chc nng iu khin.

- H o lng v iu khin v tr.

- H iu khin phn cng tc (nh trc chnh ca my cng c).

So vi my thng thng, ch lm vic ca cc my CNC nngn hn, nh: tc trc chnh cao gp 5-10 ln (4000 15000 v/ph),tc chy dao cao gp hng trm ln (n 10000 mm/ph). V vyyu cu k thut i vi my CNC kht khe hn so vi my thngthng.


5/57


Cc yu cu i vi my CNC

cng vng tnh v ng ca h thng c kh cao, m bo chnh xc kch thc v cht lng b mt gia cng cao c khi gia

cng th (cng sut ln) ln khi gia cng tinh (tc trc chnh cao). cng vng cao cn l yu t m bo cho my lm vic n nhkhi gia tc ln, tc trc chnh cao. S dng vt liu c kh nnggim chn, hp th dao ng cng cho php tng tnh n nh chc.

Tnh n nh nhit ca h thng cao. Bin php t c iu nykhng ch l gim ma s t truyn ng m cn l phn b nhit hp l, dng vt liu v kt cu tn nhit nhanh.

Momen qun tnh ca cc c cu chuyn ng nh, cho php chng

lm vic vi gia tc ln.


Mt s c im khc ca my CNC so vi my thng thng

- Thn my thng c kt cu c hoc hn t vt liu c c tnh cao,c nhiu gn, hc, chia khoang,... va nh, va cng vng; truynnhit v hp th dao ng tt.

- Trong cc h truyn ng quan trng c dng cc c cu v vtliu gim ma st, chu mn, khng khe h (vt me - ai c bi; ngdn hng ln hoc trt nhng c dn hoc ph vt liu t mast, chu mn; bnh rng khng khe h).

- Gim ti a truyn ng c kh: dng truyn ng in, thu lc iukhin tc v cp thay cho hp s; ni trc tip trc ng c ln

trc cng tc; dng hp gim tc hnh tinh, thu lc hoc bnh rngsng - con ln c t s truyn ln).

- Cc trc c truyn ng trc tip, dng h truyn ng servo.


6/57


- Do ton b hot ng ca my c iu khin t ng, khng cns can thip thng xuyn ca con ngi, nn vng lm vic thng

c bao kn, m bo an ton v m quan. Cc kho cha dao vi dao thng c a v pha sau d quan st vng gia cng.Bng my (tin) t nghing d thot phoi v dung dch.

- Ngoi cc h thng chnh, cc my v trung tm gia cng CNC cnc cc c cu t ng khc, nh thay dao t ng, cp v kp phit ng, ti phoi t ng, ng m ca t ng,... Chnh cc hthng ph tr ny li ng vai tr quan trng trong vic ghp ni ccmy CNC n l vi nhau v vi cc thit b sn xut khc: robot,bng ti, my o 3 chiu,... thnh cc t bo v cc h thng sn

xut linh hot.


2.2 Cc trung tm gia cng CNC

Trung tm gia cng (Machining Center) CNC c kh nng thc hinnhiu nguyn cng cng ngh khc nhau, nh tin, phay, doa, giacng ren, mi,... m bnh thng phi dng mt s my CNC thngthng. Do yu cu v tp trung nguyn cng m cc TTGC cnhng c im kt cu sau:

- C nhiu trc iu khin (4 n 5 trc hoc hn).

- C h thng thay dao t ng.

- C c cu cp phi, kp phi t ng.

- C kh nng giao tip vi cc thit b sn xut khc, nh robot, bng

ti,...- Nh c kh nng tp trung nguyn cng cao m cc TTGC cho

php tng nng sut, tng chnh xc gia cng.

- C 2 loi TTGC, l TTGC ngang v TTGC ng. TTGC ngang datrn c s my tin, cn TTGC ng da trn m y phay.


7/57


Trung tm gia cng ng


Trung tm gia cng ngang


8/57


2.3 Hiu qu ca tp hp cc my CNC thnh h thng FMS

Tng thi gian my

- Thi gian my ca cc my ph thuc vo mc t ng ha cah thng FMS v phc tp ca chi tit gia cng. tng thigian my cn gim thi gian g v tho chi tit gia cng, gim thigian thay dao

- Tp hp cc my CNC thnh h thng FMS cho php tng h sthi gian my ln ti 50-70%

Tng h s sn xut theo ca

- t c nh tng kh nng phc v nhiu my,ng thi nh vovic chun b cc cng vic chnh ca th nht v kh nng lmvic 2, 3 ca vi s t cng nhn.

- S dng h thng thay dao t ng c th tng h s sx theo ca ln2 ln. Khi s dng thm c h thng cp phi v vn chuyn tng th h s sx theo ca tng ln 3 ln.


Gim vn lu thng nh gim c chu k sn xut

- Vn lu thng khi tp hp cc my CNC thnh h thng FMS giml nh rt ngn c chu k sx.

- Bng cch tng h s thi gian my (ktm), tng h s sx theo ca (ktc)v gim h s vn lu thng (kgv) cho php t c gi tr cao cah s tng gi thnh cho php (ktgt) ca h thng FMS so vi myCNC c lp.

Ktgt = ktm/ktc

Gim s cng nhn trong sx

- T ng ha ton phn cc khu vn chuyn viu khin thit bcho php cng nhn c th phc v nhiu my

- Trong FMS s thit b gim, kh nng phc v nhiu my tng do c th gii phng c nhiu cng nhn sx trc tip)


9/57


3. My o ta

My o to (Coordinate Measuring Machine - CMM) l mt m yo vn nng t ng, c kh nng kim tra c rt nhiu dng hnh

hc vi chnh xc cao. CMM c dng nh mt thit b i km vi cc my CNC gip

hiu chnh cc sai s khi g t hay gim st tch cc trong qu trnhgia cng, gim st v b mn dao.

Trong cng ngh ngc (Reverse Engineering), CMM c dngnh thit b s ho cc b mt 3D, cho php phng to li cc chitit phc tp khi thit k hoc t ng xut chng trnh cho myCNC.

Vi nhng kh nng ni trn, CMM vn l mt thit b o kim vnnng nhanh chng tr thnh b phn khng th thiu c trong

cc h SXLH.


3.1 Kt cu ca CMM

Ging nh my CNC, cc CMM c th c kiu ng, ngang. V kchthc th c loi bn, cng c loi ln, phi t trn nn.

CMM c kt cu chung tng t my CNC: c bn my, u d, ccng trt v cc ng c dn ng u d theo cc trc X. Y, Z.Tuy nhin, do yu cu lm vic: chuyn ng nh nhng, chnh xcv khng sinh lc ln, CMM c nhng im khc:

- Thn my rt vng chc, thng c c t vt liu c bit c khnng n nh trc s rung xc v thay i nhit , mang mt bng rt chnh xc. Trong mt s trng hp, trn thn my c gn h

thng t n nh, chng rung xc dng kh nn.- Cc ng trt c ch to chnh xc, lm bng hoc ph hp kim

gm chng mn v gim ma st. Mt s my c trang b ccng trt trn m kh nn hoc thu tnh.


10/57


- H thng iu khin rt tinh xc, c kh nng di chuyn u d theo3 trc vi chnh xc ti phm trm m.

- Phn mm ca CMM to ra giao din ngi dng (menu, giao din ho, cng c lp trnh), m bo chc nng nhn, phn tch(phn tch hnh hc, phn tch thng k, nh gi kt qu o,...), lutr d liu o, iu khin cc hot ng ca my v giao din vicc thit b khc trong h thng sn xut.

- Phn ln CMM c trang b h CAD/CAM chuyn dng v c khnng kt ni, trao i d liu vi cc h CAD/CAM thng mi khc,cho php ngi dng ti to m hnh vt th, hiu chnh m hnh vlp trnh cho my CNC.


3.2 Chc nng ca CMM

CMM vn l thit b o vn nng, cho php o chnh xc cc thngs hnh hc: kch thc thng, kch thc gc, bn knh cung hocvng trn; kim tra cc thng s khng gian: thng ca cnh, phng ca b mt, trn, song song, vung gc gia ccng v b mt.

Tu kh nng tnh ton ca cc phn mm, CMM c th cho ccthng s th cp, nh tng chiu di, tng cc gc, din tch bmt,... l cc chc nng thng thy cc CMM c lp.

Kim tra kchthc nh CMM


11/57


CMM cho php qut v ghi li ta cc im ca b mt 3D. Dliu ny, sau c th c dng dng li m hnh, chnh sa

thit k hoc tnh ton qu o dao cho my CNC Khi lm vic trong mt h thng sn xut t ng, trong cc t bo

hay h thng sn xut linh hot, CMM hot ng theo chng trnhlp sn, quy nh th tc lm vic ca CMM.

Cc chng trnh iu khin CMM c lu trong my tnh trung tm.Chng trnh ny cha cc lnh iu khin my ln lt o ccthng s hnh hc cn thit. Mi chng loi chi tit a vo kim tratrn CMM cn mt chng trnh ring. Sau khi chi tit c g lnmy th chng trnh kim tra tng ng c gi v thc hin. Ktqu o c phn tch, so snh vi dung sai trong d liu v my

tnh a kt lun c t hay khng. Nu chi tit khng t, n s btr v hoc trn mn hnh s xut hin cnh bo.


V d v my CMM

CMM kiu ng CMM kiu ngang


12/57


CMM kiu ng



13/57


4. Robot cng nghip trong h thng SXLH

Robot cng nghip (Industrial Robotics - IR) l tay my vn nng,hot ng theo chng trnh v c th lp trnh li hon thnh v

nng cao hiu qu hon thnh cc nhim v khc nhau trong cngnghip, nh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, chi tit, dng c hoc ccthit b chuyn dng khc.

IR c 2 c trng c bn:

- L thit b vn nng, c TH theo chng trnh v c th lp trnhli p ng mt cch linh hot, kho lo cc nhim v khc nhau.

- c ng dng trong nhng trng hp mang tnh cng nghip ctrng, nh vn chuyn v xp d nguyn vt liu, lp rp, olng,...

Bn thn IR l mt thit b kh trnh nn n c bit thch hp viSXLH, n l thnh phn khng th thiu c trong cc h thngsn xut t ng.


Mt s v d v robot

Robot c nh trn nn Robot di ng trn ray


14/57


Robot gn trn tngRobot c dng nhmt my CNC 6 trc



15/57


4.1 Yu cu i vi robot cng nghip

Do tnh cht lm vic trong FMS, cc IR cn p ng nhng yu

cu:

- Thc hin cng vic mt cch t ng trong cc nguyn cng chnh

cng nhcc nguyn cng ph

- T ng thay i khi thay i i tng sx

- Tip xc nh nhng v chnh xc vi cc thit b ca FMS

- C kh thc hin cc tc ng iu khin ti cc thit b cng ngh

chnh ca FMS thc hin cc nguyn cng theo tun t c

lp trnh.

- m bo n nh lm vic trong FMS

- C kh nng trang b thit b kim tra t ng cht lng gia cng


4.2 ng dng IR trong t ng ha sx

ng dng ca IR trong t ng ha sx rt a dng,c bit l vaitr ca chng trong cc h thng FMS.

Robot ha cc thit b cng ngh

- Thit b cng ngh c phc v bi mt hay mt s robot tng ha cc cng vic phc v. V d:

Trong gia cng ct gt cc cng vic thng c phc v birobot l vn chuyn phi v sn phm,a phi vo thit b g kpv tho sn phm sau gia cng,o phi khi gia cng.

Trong sx c, robot thng c giao nhim v lp, d khun, rtvt liu, lm sch vt c

Trong gia cng p lc, robot c th m nhn vic a phi vovng gia cng v ly sn phm,o phi khi rn.

Trong mt s trng hp, nhkhi hn, sn,robot ng thi lthit b cng ngh, n trc tip iu khin m hn hay u phun hon thnh nguyn cng cng ngh.


16/57




17/57


Robot phun sn mang uphun sn v c g xoayvt cn sn

Robot phc v my dp tm c2 cnh tay, mt tay mang kmgp, tay kia mang 2 bung htchn khng



18/57


Robot ha cc t bo sn xut

- T bo sx l t hp gm cc thit b cng ngh, robot v cc thit bphc v khc, hon thnh mt nhim v sx c lp. Cc thit bphc v c th l cc thit b xp d, nh hng

- Mi t bo sx c th hot ng c lp hoc lin kt vi cc thit bhay t bo sx khc hnh thnh mt h thng sx.

- T bo sx c robot phc v c gi l t bo sn xut robot ha.

Robot ha h thng sn xut

- Dy chuyn sx robot ha: l t hp cc t bo sx robot ha,clin kt vi nhau bng cc thit b vn chuyn hoc gm mt s thitb cng ngh, c phc v bi mt hay mt s robot v cc thit b

vn chuyn, hon thnh cc nguyn cng cng ngh gia cngsn phm.


Trm gia cng vi rbt


19/57


- V mt khng gian, cc thit b cng ngh c sp xp theo trnh

t cng ngh

- V mt thi gian, nhp sx tng nguyn cng phi bng nhau hoc

bng bi s ca nhau m bo nhp chung ca dy chuyn.

- i vi dy chuyn sx,phng tin vn chuyn khng chc nhim

v vn chuyn n thun m cn duy tr nhp sx.


5. T bo sn xut linh hot (FMC)

H thng SXLH c hnh thnh t cc t bo sn xut linh hot(Flexible Manufacturing Cell - FMC)

FMC l n v t chc sn xut c s, l t hp ca mt hoc mts thit b cng ngh cng vi cc thit ph tr cn thit khc(robot, bng ti, thit b kim tra, gim st,...), c nhim v snxut t ng mt nhm cc sn phm tng t nhau.

FMC phi c kh nng t thch ng vi s thay i ca i tngsn xut


20/57


Phn thit b caFMC ny gm c:

- Cc thit b cngngh (mt trung tmgia cng v 1 mytin).

- Cc thit b vnchuyn (xe t hnhv robot) phc v vlin kt v t chccc thit b cngngh.

- Kho cha vt liu, dng c

- Phn iu khin c phn thnh 2 cp: cp thit b c cc b iukhin CNC v robot. Cp iu hnh t bo: dng my tnh, thng quamng cc b (LAN).

V d v mt MFC:


6. H thng SXLH (FMS)

H thng SXLH (FMS) c hnh thnh bng cch ghp cc FMC sn xut cc nhm sn phm hon chnh hn. Cc t bo v ccthit b sn xut c sp xp theo dy chuyn sn xut, thc hinsn xut theo nhp. Cc i tng trong nhm c th c a vody chuyn mt cch ngu nhin.

Cu trcchc nngca mtFMS


21/57


V d v b tr ca mt FMS

Bn phi h thng gm trung tm gia cng 10, TT tin 8, my o 3 chiu 9,kho cha thnh phm 7, trm g lp chi tit 14. Bn tri l h thng lp rp virobot chnh 12 v cc robot lp rp 3, 4, 5, 13. Hai h thng c lin kt vinhau nh h thng vn chuyn vi xe t hnh15.


7. H thng lp rp linh hot

V nguyn tc th h thng lp rp linh hot c kt cu t chc nhFMS gia cng, trong :

- Cc thit b lp rp thay cho v tr cc trung tm gia cng.

- Cc robot thng c dng lm nhim v lp rp.


22/57



Cc h thng lp rp

MAST: trm lp rp bng tay

AAST: tr

m l

p rp t

ngFAST: trm lp rp linh hot

ACT: trung tm lp rp

-Robot

lp rp

- Ckhnng lptrnh

-My lprp tng

- Khng

ckhnng lptrnh

- Thlp rp

- Tnh

linh hotty

FASTAASTMAST - My tnh trung tm, PLC

- Cc trung tm lp rp (gm1 5 robot lp rp)

- Cth bao gm: MAST,AAST tch hp vi dng thngtin v vt liu

- Tch hp vi h thng cpphi v dao t ng cqun l viu khin bngmy tnh

Trm lp rp (AST) T bo lp rp (AC) H thng lp rp (AS)

- My tnh trung tm lp khoch viu khin micp

- My tnh trung tm iukhin cc my tnh ca cctrm lp rp n l viu cng vic

- AS bao gm AAST, MAST,FAST, ACT v AC


23/57


V d 1 h thng lp rp bn t ng


V d 1 h thng lp rp linh hot

- Bn cnh cc trm lprp dng robot cn cc trm lp rp bngtay.

- H thng cho php lprp ng thi nhiu loisn phm khc nhau.

- Vic chun b cc chitit cho mi loi snphm do set-up robot(SR) thc hin.

- Mt two-arm robot (TR)thc hin cc nhim vlp rp phc tp. Vicvn chuyn cc itng lp rp v dngc do cc xe t hnhm nhim.


24/57


8. H thng kim tra t ng ca FMS

8.1 Chc nng ca h thng kim tra t ng

- Nhn v trnh thng tin v cc tnh cht, trng thi k thut, trngthi ca mi trng cng ngh viu kin sn xut

- So snh gi tr thc t vi gi tr danh ngha ca thng s

- Truyn thng tin v s khng tng thch vi cc m hnh ca qutrnh sx kp thi hiu chnh trn cc cp iu khin khc nhau caFMS.

- Nhn v trnh thng tin v thc hin chc nng

H thng kim tra t ng cn m bo:

- Kh nng iu chnh t ng cc thit b kim tra.

- tin cy ca kim tra, k c kim tra vic chuyn i v truyn

thng tin.

- n nh ca cc thit b kim tra



25/57


Cc dng kim tra:

- Kim tra m bo cht lng ca sn phm bng cch kim tra vt

liu, phi, dng c, g, ch ct, th sn phm, cc thng s

ca thit b cng ngh v sn phm trn tt c cc giai on ca qu

trnh ch to.

- Kim tra m bo hiu qu cao nht ca FMS bng cch kim tra v

chun on cc robot cng nghip, cc thit b gia cng t ng, k

thut tnh ton v k thut lp trnh

- Kim tra iu kin sx, gn lin vi k thut an ton (nhiu bi, nhit

v m khng kh cc thng s ca mi trng cng

ngh,). Mc ch m bo an ton cho ngi cng nhn, gi

cho thit b khng b hng hc, v nhm mc ch t cht lng

sn phm cao.


Yu cu khi thit k h thng kim tra t ng ca FMS

- Xc nh cc nguyn tc cbn ca h thng kim tra t ng (tptrung ha qu trnh kim tra, mc t ng ha qu trnh kim trav mc phi hp gia kim tra v gia cng, ng dng phngphp kim tra xc sut, )

- Ti u ha chng loi vc tnh ca cc thng s cn kim tra,ch lm vic ca cc phn t trong FMS, kh nng hot ngca thit b, g v dng c.

- Xc nh loi thng tin, hnh thc trnh v truyn thng tin trong h

thng kim tra t ng,ng thi trnh v truyn thng tin t hthng kim tra t ng ti h thng iu khin ca FMS

- Chn thit b o, m bo chnh xc yu cu v n nh hotng ca FMS.

- Xc nh mi lin kt chc nng ca h thng kim tra t ng trongh thng iu khin chung ca FMS


26/57


ng dng h thng kim tra t ng cho php phn b ti u qutrnh kim tra phi, bn thnh phm v thnh phm,m bo tng

bc chuyn kim tra cht lng sn phm sang iu khin chtlng sn phm


8.2 Cu trc ca h thng kim tra t ng

Cu trc ca h thng kim tra t ng trong FMS gm 3 mc:

- Mc cao

- Mc trung bnh

- Mc thp

Mc caom bo kim tra tng hp tt c cc t bo t ng,phi hp hot ng, iu chnh v sa cha, truyn ti thngtin ti trm iu khin ca h thng FMS v gii quyt nhngnhim v nh:

- Tip nhn, x l v tng hp thng tin t mc thp hn (t cc t

bo t ng)- Kim tra khi lng, cht lng sn phm, cung ng vt cht k

thut (vt liu, dng c,)

- Kim tra cc nguyn cng c thc hin trn cc t bo t ng

- T kim tra v kim tra hot ng ca mc thp.


27/57


Mc trung bnh

m bo kim tra t bo t ng v truyn ln mc cao thng tin

tng hp v tnh cht, trng thi k thut, v tr khng gian ca cc

i tng c kim tra v ca cc b phn ca t bo t ng.

H thng kim tra t ng mc trung bnh gii quyt nhng nhim

v sau:

- Tip nhn v x l thng tin v cc thng s c kim tra, v cc

thng s hot ng ca t bo t ng, v cc thng s ca mi

trng cng ngh v truyn thng tin ln mc cao

- Kim tra cht lng gia cng trn cc t bo t ng

- Kim tra cc nguyn cng- T kim tra v kim tra hot ng ca mc thp hn.


Mc thp

m bo kim tra i tng gia cng, trng thi k thut v v trkhng gian ca cc b phn ca my CNC, ca robot cp phi, cathit b kim tra t ng.

mc thp, h thng kim tra t ng gii quyt nhng nhim v:

- Tip nhn v x l thng tin v cc thng s c kim tra, truynthng tin ln mc trung bnh

- Kim tra cc bc cng ngh

- Kim tra hot ng ca cc b phn ca my

- Truyn thng tin ti h thng phc v chun on cc hng hcca dng c v thit b.


28/57


H thng kim tra t ng cho php xc nh i tng v thit b

kim tra i vi tng mc (cao, trung bnh hoc thp).

- i tng kim tra mc caol tt c cc t bo kim tra t ng

in hnh (t bo gia cng, t bo vn chuyn, t bo kho cha, t

bo o-kim tra, ) v ch lm vic ca cng nhn, cn thit b

kim tra l t hp my tnh iu khin trn cs cc my tnh nh.

- i tng kim tra mc trung bnhl t bo t ng (bao gm tt

c cc h thng t ng cs), thit b kim tra l t hp my tnh

iu khin trn cs cc my tnh nh.

- Thnh phn ca t hp my tnh bao gm: cc my tnh, thit b kt

ni vi cc u ni cui xa, mng my tnh ni b v cc thit bnng cao n nh ca h thng.


- i tng kim tra mc thpl cc thnh phn ca h thng kim

tra t ng cs nh c cu iu khin, ccu chuyn i, ccu

chp hnh,i tng gia cng.

- Thit b kim tra mc thp l cc attric o lc ct (dng cho cc

my ct kim loi), cc attric xc nh v tr (dng cho robot),attric

hnh trnh (dng cho robot vn chuyn), cc attric nhit , atrric

p sut,attic o m (dng cho kim tra mi trng cng

ngh),


29/57


8.3 Nguyn tc xy dng h thng kim tra t ng

Nhim v chnh khi xy dng h thng kim tra t ng l phn bchc nng kim tra gia cc mc v ti u ha thnh phn ca cc

thit b kim tra mc thp. Khi lng kim tra c phn phi gia thit b vi tng gia

cng trong cc h thng t ng cs v gia cc h thng tng cs theo i tng gia cng.

V d, i tng gia cng c th c kim tra bng cch o ccthng s ca n (kch thc hnh dng ca phi khi gia cng c,),cng nho cc thng s ca thit b gia cng ( mn ca mikhoan, ca dao tin hoc dao phay,)

Cc thng s kim tra trn c th c th c tch ra theo thi gianv khng gian: mt phn cc thng s c kim tra ti vng giacng, mt phn cc thng s c kim tra bng cnh tay robot, vmt phn cc thng s c kim tra bng robot di ng


Kim tra nguyn cng cc thng s ca chi tit c xy dng theo

nguyn tc khng tin cy (kim tra li) hoc tin cy

Theo nguyn tc khng tin cy

- Kim tra u vo ca nguyn cng tip theo tt c cc yu t ca

nguyn cng trc

- Kim tra u vo ca nguyn cng tip theo mt phn cc thng s

kim tra nguyn cng trc (nhng thng s ny c kh nng

nh hng n cht lng ca nguyn cng tip theo)

- Kim tra phn phi (ngha l tt c cc thng s cn kim tra c

chia ra hai phn cho cc thit b kim tra t u ra ca nguyn

cng trc v u vo ca nguyn cng tip theo)


30/57


Theo nguyn tc tin cy khng cn thit phi kim tra u vo ca

nguyn cng tip theo

i vi cc h thng FMS th nguyn tc tin cy l thch hp nht.

Nguyn tc ny c ng dng hon chnh quy trnh cng ngh.

H thng kim tra v chun on cng phi m bo ti u ha s

nguyn cng cn kim tra. mc thp th ti u ha c thc

hin gim thiu cc thit b kim tra trn cs n nh ca

cc thnh phn trong h thng t ng cs, gim cc khuyt tt

c tnh xc sut, gim gi thnh phc hi cc hng hc v nhng chi

ph chung cho kim tra.

V vy cn c nhng phng php m bo tin cy ca cc thitb kim tra (kim tra nh k, lp thm cc thit b ph t k.tra)


8.4 Ch hot ng ca h thng kim tra t ng

C 5 ch hot ng:

Ch khi ng

- c bt u bng vic hi (kim tra) tt c cc phn t v cc h

thng ca FMS.

- H thng kim tra t ng thc hin vic chun on trng thi k

thut ca cc phn t v cc h thng trong FMS, pht lnh u ra

ca tt c cc h thng v trban u, kim tra hot ng ca lnh

ny, kim tra s tn ti v m s ca cc phi v dng c. Trongqu trnh kim tra, cc khuyt tt s c loi b

- Tt c cc mc kim tra u hot ng vi ch khi ng


31/57


Ch lm vic

- H thng kim tra t ng cho php kim tra cht lng ch to snphm, kim tra dng sn phm, kim tra dng c, nng lng, thngtin, kim tra hot ng ca cc h thng ph tr (lm sch phoi, rachi tit, vn chuyn phoi, ht bi, cung cp dung dch trn ngui, ),kim tra trng thi k thut ca tt c cc phn t v cc h thngtrong FMS.

Ch iu chnh

- ch ny thng tin c chuyn ti my tnh mc cao (mckim tra cao nht trong h thng kim tra t ng).

- Thng tin iu khin ny cho php iu chnh li cc h thng kim

tra mc trung bnh v mc thp.- My tnh ca mc thp xc nh tt c cc thng s cn kim tra ca

i tng gia cng.


Ch dng theo k hoch

- y l mt ch hot ng c bit ca FMS, n cho php khi

ng tip theo khng phi l t thi im lm vic ban u ca h

thng, m t thi im nc dng theo k hoch

- ch ny, qu trnh gia cng trn cc my c kt thc, h

thng t ng thc hin vic tho v g chi tit,a cc b nh v

t ng v v trban u, ghi trng thi ca FMS trn bng t, ngt

tt c cc trm cp nng lng.

- Nhim v ca h thng kim tra t ng trong trng hp ny lkim tra qu trnh x l tn hiu iu khin.

- ch ny cc h thng ca FMS ngng hot ng, cho nn c

th tin hnh vic chun on cc h thng viu phi thng tin

cho cc th iu chnh v cc th sa cha.


32/57


Ch dng sa cha hng hc

- c thc hin i vi tt c cc mc kim tra ca h thng kim

tra t ng.

- mc thp, ch ny xut hin bng gii hn ca ph phm cho

php v bng sai s ca cc thng s ca h thng t ng cs

hoc ca cc thit b kim tra.

- Tn hiu v tnh trng phi dng sa cha t cc mc kim tra

c chuyn ti mc kim tra cao hn vc x l trm iu

khin ca FMS


8.5 Nguyn tc kim tra trng thi k thut ca cc phn t

Cn phi kim tra thng xuyn trng thi k thut ca tt c cc

phn t trong h thng FMS: ca my xp ng, ca robot, ca my

cng c, ca dng c, g, h thng vn chuyn, h thng o

lng,

C2 phng php kim tra:

- Kim tra trc tip khi cc thng s c o trc tip, v d nh

mn ca dng c

- Kim tra gin tip khi trng thi k thut ca i tng c th c

nh gi theo chc nng hot ng ca n, v d nu h thng kim

tra ghi nhn khng c s sai s thiu ny cho thy trng thi bnh

thng ca dng c ct


33/57


H thng chun on k thut ca FMS c dng kim tra hot

ng ca FMS, tm nhng hng hc trong cc b phn chp

hnh,iu khin v kim tra ca FMS nhm mc ch ngn nga

nhng hng hc bt ng, chun on tnh trng ca FMS v

tng tc iu chnh FMS khi chuyn t ch lm vic ny sang

ch lm vic khc

Thnh lp h thng chun on k thut ca FMS bao gm:

- Phn tch v ti u ha cc thng s cn kim tra ca FMS

- Xy dng phng php v chn thit b chun on

- Xy dng cc th nghim i vi cc sn phm phc tp v my t

ng- Tng hp cc thit b chun on k thut chuyn dng ca FMS


8.6 C s vt cht-k thut ca h thng kim tra t ng

- Vic chn thit b kim tra ph thuc vo nhng thng s cn o

trong FMS khi kim tra cht lng sn phm cng nhkhi kim tra

hot ng ca h thng. V vy khi xy dng h thng kim tra t

ng cn chn s lng ti u cc thng s cn kim tra i vi mi

phn t ca FMS.

Cc loi attric

- attric v tr: gm cc attric kim tra kch thc v hnh dng ca

phi v chi tit, cc attric kim tra ccu chp hnh ca thit b v

ca robot,

- Cc chtiu chnh khi chn thit b kim tra l chnh xc o, tc

ng nhanh ca thit b, Ngoi ra cn phi tnh cc chtiu

kinh t nh gi thnh trang b cc h thng kim tra v cc chi ph

b sung cho vic iu chnh cc h thng o trn my CNC.


34/57


Cc attric o 3 ta


Cc my o kim t ng

Cc my o kim CNC c cc ccu cp tho phi t ng v

cc u o thay i t ng c gi l cc m un ca FMS

+ C 4 dng my o kim CNC:

- Dng cngxn

- Dng khng cngxn

- Dng cu

- Dng cu-cng

+ Cc robot o kim


35/57


Cc my o kim CNC

a) Dng cngxn

b) Dng khng cngxn

c) Dng cu

d) Dng cu-cng


Robot o kim

1- Robot, 2- chi tit cn o, 3-bng ti


36/57


9. H thng vn chuyn kho cha

9.1 Cng dng v phn loi

Mt h thng sx chc th hot ng hiu qu khi c s phi hp

ng b gia cc thit b sx chnh (my CNC, CMM,) v cc thitb ph tr (cc thit b vn chuyn, kho cha vt liu, thit b thugom ph liu, cc h thng m bo dng c, )

Trong qu trnh gia cng, vt liu tn ti cc trng thi khc nhau:

- c gia cng trn cc thit b cng ngh

- c kim tra

- c lu tr cc kho

- c mang trn cc thit b vn chuyn

- Ch gia cng

Tr khi ang c gia cng hoc kim tra, vt liu c cha hocc vn chuyn nh h thng vn chuyn vt liu.


T l thi gian v tiu hao trong sn xut

Vic t chc hp l h thng vn chuyn, kho cha gim thi gianch i c ngha ln, cho php gim chu k sx, tng nng sut giacng v gim cc chi ph lin quan (chi ph nhxng, bo qun, )


37/57


Trong h thng sx, h thng vn chuyn, kho cha lphng tinlin kt gia cc nguyn cng. Lphng tin vt cht gip cho

dng lu chuyn vt liu c thng sut, nhp nhng,ng b. V vy vic t chc h thng vn chuyn, kho cha lun lun c

thc hin ng thi vi vic sp xp cc thit b cng ngh. Khi tng ha cc thit b sx phi p dng ng b cc thit b cng nght ng v h thng vn chuyn, kho cha t ng

Cc thit b chnh trong h thng vn chuyn, kho cha:

- Kho cha

- Thit b sp xp v cp phi

- Xe t hnh, Tay my, Bng ti

- Cc thit b xp d- H thng my tnh v phn mm tng ng


M hnh thu nh ca mt h thng sx t ng c h thng vn chuyn, khocha, gm: kho cha, bng ti, robot, my tnh iu khin, sensor, PLC


38/57


9.2 Cc thit b c bn trong h thng vn chuyn

9.2.1 Xe t hnh (Automatically Guided Vehicle - AGV)

Trong cc t bo v cc h thng sx linh hot, cc AGV thc hincc chc nng nh:

- Vn chuyn chi tit, dng c, g ti (hoc t) cc trm gia cng,cc kho cha v cc khu i.

- Phn phi vt liu ti cc trm gia cng.

- Vn chuyn chi tit thnh phm t h thng ti cc trm lp rp.

- Phn phi chi tit, dng c, g ti (hoc t) cc kho cha tng.

- Vn chuyn ph thi.

Ngy nay cc AGV c pht trin rt a dng, thng minh v ckh nng thc hin cc nhim v phc tp.


Do kt cu gn nh, c iu khin v lm vic c lp, cc AGVcu th so vi cc phng tin vn chuyn khc:

- Tnh linh hot (d thay i ng i, d thay i nhim v, ...)

- Tng tnh iu khin dng vt liu v s vn chuyn.

- Gim hhng sn phm v t ting n.

- C kh nng lm vic trong mi trng nguy him,c hi.

- C kh nng giao tip vi cc h thng thit b khc nhmy cngc, robot, bng ti.

- c thit k theo m un v vy d dng trong chun on hnghc v bo dng.

- C kh nng xc nh v tr vnh v chnh xc.

- Gip gim gi thnh sn phm qua vic gim din tch xng, gimlao ng trc tip.


39/57


Kt cu chung ca cc AGV hay cc robot t hnh thng c 4phn:

- Phn di ng(bnh xe, chn, xch, ) m bo AGV c th dichuyn trn a hnh xc nh trc hoc khng xc nh trc

- Phn cng tc(tay my, dng c tho lp, ) gip AGV hon thnhchc nng ca mnh

- H thng quan trc v dn nggip AGV nhn bit mc tiu,quan st ng i v vt cn

- H thng iu khingip cc AGV c th nhn lnh t trung tm,nhn tn hiu t cc sensor, phn tch ng i, iu khin ccucng tc v thc hin nhiu chc nng khc


H thng quan trc, dn ng v an ton ca AGV

Cc AGV dng trong cng nghip thng lm vic trong nh, a hnhkhng phc tp, qu o xc nh trc v c th c nh dubng vch khc vi mu nn. V vy kt cu di ng v dn ngthng n gin: dng bnh xe v h thng quan st v d vch


40/57


Cc m un ca AGV

AGV c tay my xp d


V d v AGV trong nh my


41/57


Yu cu cbn ca AGV lnng lc vn chuyn cn thit. Ty theo

yu cu vn chuyn, cc AGV c trng ti t hng trc kg n hng

tn. V vy h thng ng lc ca cc AGV cn c cng sut

thao tc vi cc i tng, cc AGV c trang b c cu cng

tc tng ng, nhtay my, bn kp

Phn ln cc AGV dng ngun in ha hc. Sau mt thi gian lm

vic chng c a n trm np v thay ngun in. Cc AGV

hot ng trong khng gian hp hoc ng dnh ring c th c

cp in qua dy cp.


Cc kiu ng i ca AGV


42/57


V d v s b tr ng i ca AGV trong FMS


9.2.2 Bng ti

Bng ti lphng tin vn chuyn truyn thng trong cc h thngsn xut.

Bng ti c nhng nhc im nh: cng knh, chim dng nhiudin tch sn xut nhng chng vn ang thnh hnh v c nhng uim ring,nh nng sut vn chuyn cao, d kim sot

Khi c tch hp vi cc h thng gim st viu khin t ng,bng ti tr thnh phng tin vn chuyn hiu qu trong sn xutlinh hot.

Da trn kt cu v cng dng, ngi ta phn bit cc loi bng ti:

- Dng bng

- Dng mng

- Dng con ln

- Dng xch


43/57


Theo phng php lp t c:

- Bng ti t trn nn

- Bng ti treo

Loi bng ti t trn nn d chuyn ln i tng t ng nysang ng khc.

Loi treo r tin, chim t din tch nhng phi dng cc hp, mctreo c nh nn kh chuyn ln

C 2 loi bng ti u c th c dn ng bng ng chockhng.

Khi dng loi bng ti dn ng c th ch ng iu khin tc ca chng, do ch ng c nhp sn xut.

Khi khng dng ng cdn ng th chi tit t di chuyn nh trnglng hoc do cng nhn y, ko.


V d v cc loi bng ti trn nn


44/57



H thng bng ti trn nn trong h thng sx


45/57


V d v cc loi bng ti treo


H thng bng ti dng treo trong h thng sx


46/57


Cc i tng gia cng c th c t trc tip ln bng ti (trong

trng hp ny phi cngi hoc thit b xp d ly i tng t

vo vng gia cng hoc t sn phm gia cng v bng ti)

Cc i tng gia cng cng c th t trn mt tm g, khi c

chi tit v tm gc a vo vng gia cng, sau khi gia cng

xong li cng c tr v bng ti.

Trn cc bng ti t ng c t cc sensor nhn bit i

tng

Ngoi nhim v chnh l vn chuyn, cc phng tin vn chuyn,

nht lbng ti cn phi m nhim vai tr ng b qu trnh sn

xut. V vy hot ng ca bng ti, ca cc thit b xp d v thitb cng ngh phi tun theo nhp nht nh.


9.3 H thng kho cha

H thng kho cha thng gm cc gi cha, cc my xp d,cng vi my tnh iu khin.


47/57




48/57


Mc ch chnh ca h thng kho cha vt liu l phn phi ng

vt liu ti ng v tr ng thi im. Vt liu c lu trong kho

vsau c a ti cc v tr cn thit trong thi gian ngn nht.

Li ch ca vic s dng h thng kho cha t ng:

- Tng kh nng iu khin v qun l hng tn kho

- Phn phi vt liu tc thi v tin cy

- S dng khng gian nhxng hiu qu

- C kh nng hot ng trong mi trng c hi

- Gim s tht lc hay phn phi khng ng v tr cc chi tit, dngc v g

- Gim lao ng trc tip

- Gim hng ha tn kho

- Tng kh nng khai thc


Hiu qu ca mt h thng kho cha t ng c xc nh da

trn khi lng vt liu c lu v vn chuyn. Khi lng ny

ph thuc vo nhiu yu t:

- Tc ca cn trc

- Kh nng khai thc ca cc gi ct gi

- Tc v hiu qu ca cc AGV

- S sp xp cc chi tit trong kho

- Tc iu khin ca my tnh


49/57


H thng kho cha thao tc bng tay


H thng kho cha iu khin t ng nh my tnh


50/57


9.4 Trm i

Trm i l cc trm dng c th lu gi 6, 8 hoc nhiu hn tm

g chi tit hoc phi.

Mi tm g cha 1 hoc nhiu chi tit gia cng trong t bo hoc

h thng FMS.

Trm i sp xp cc chi tit theo th t xp hng:

- c lp k hoch gia cng vi m my bt u qu

trnh gia cng

- i mt giai on no ca qu trnh gia cng do my c yu

cu cha sn sng

- Hoc chi tit hon thnh v ch tho d

Cc xe t hnh AGV thng c lin kt vi cc trm i chuyn cc chi tit, tm gn vi.


V d mt trm i trong FMS


51/57


9.5 Thit b h tr ph

Trong t bo v h thng FMS, cc thit b h tr c bit c th

c yu cu nng cao nng xut v kh nng ca h thng.

Thit b h tr thng khng c xem nhl phn t hay thnh

phn chnh ca h thng nhng n thm chc nng v kh nng

cho h thng FMS

Thit b h tr c th c ty bin iu chnh ph hp vi ng

dng cn thit trong h thng. Trong nhiu trng hp, thit b h

tr c th c dng mang vt liu ti vng lm vic ca cng

nhn, gi hoc xoay phi cho nguyn cng hn, gi, xoay chi tit

cho vic nh s lot v nhiu chc nng khc.

Cc thit b h tr thng c phn loi theo ki, chc nng

hoc ng dng ca n. Mt s thit b h tr thng dng nhbn

nghing, robot vn chuyn


- Bn nghing cn c thc xem nhlrobotnh v. Bn nghing cnhiu kiu, kch thc vs trc quay.

- Bn nghing gip nh vv xoay phi, c th givnh v chnh xc ccchi tit vi khi lng ln.

- Bn nghing thng s dng trong phn xng hn nh v vxoay chi tit hn vi nhiu thao tc hn trong mt ln g kp.

- Bn nghing cng c ng dng quay cc g c mt hocnhiu chi tit t v trng sang nm ngang vngc li, nhm gipcho vic gt chi tit c d dng

Bn nghing


52/57


9.6 H thng vn chuyn-tch tr chi tit gia cng

Chc nng:

- Vn chuyn cc chi tit gia cng (phi) trong thng cha hoc trn

cc tm g ti v tr tip nhn b sung vo trm i cdung

lng nh t cnh cc my

- Lu tr trong cc trm i cdung lng ln cc chi tit d tr

gia cc nguyn cng vn chuyn chng ti v tr tip nhn

tip tc gia cng.

- Vn chuyn cc chi tit c gia cng trn cc my ti v tr tho

chi tit v chuyn cc tm g t do v v tr cp phi hoc v trm

i.

- Vn chuyn cc chi tit c gia cng ti v tr kim tra (kim tra

gia cc nguyn cng) v chuyn chng ti cc v tr tip nhn

gia cng tip


V d mt h thng vn chuyn-tch tr chi tit gia cng


53/57


9.7 H thng vn chuyn-tch tr dng c

Vic t chc h thng vn chuyn-tch tr dng c ct trong hthng FMS bao gm:

- Tip nhn dng c ct- Sp xp theo b

- a cc dng c ct ti cc my ca h thng FMS

- Theo di trng thi ca dng c khi gia cng chi tit vthay i dngc kp thi

- Gi gn bo qun dng c mt cch c h thng

Chc nng ca h thng vn chuyn-tch tr dng c l:

- T ng vn chuyn v phn pht dng c cho cc my ca FMS

- Thc hin cp v tho dng c t cc magazin ca my khi chuyn

i tng gia cng- a cc dng c ra ngoi t cc my ca FMS hiu chnh v misc hoc a vo cc my ca FMS cc dng c mi.


9.8 Cc thit b iu khin h thng vn chuyn, kho cha

9.8.1 Cu trc h thng my tnh iu khin

- iu khin h thng vn chuyn, kho cha thc cht liu khin

dng vt liu qua cc nguyn cng.

- Nhim v ca h thng vn chuyn, kho cha khng chcm bo

vn chuyn kp thi vt liu, phi, chi tit gia cc nguyn cng m

cn m bo s ng b gia chng.

- cho qu trnh sn xut c lin tc cn m bo s ng b

gia cc thit b trong h thng vn chuyn, kho cha vi cc thit

b cng ngh, nhcc my CNC, robot,thng qua mng my tnhv phn mm.

- Trong cc h thng sn xut phc tp, h thng vn chuyn, kho

cha thng c t chc thnh 2 cp: cp k hoch (qun tr) v

cp tc nghip.


54/57


H thng iu khin phn cp

Thng tin v nhu cu vt liu t cc thit b sx c gi n my tnh cp k hoch,c x l va ra lnh chun b cp vt liu


Mt cs d liu trung tm cha cc thng tin:

- M t cu hnh ca h thng vn chuyn, kho cha

- M t cc thit b nng chuyn, cc loi iu khin, sensor

- Cc chng trnh iu hnh,ng b h thng

- Trng thi ca cc thit b trong h thng vn chuyn v thit bcng ngh

- Nhn bit li v quy trnh x l

- Cc chng trnh thng k vnh gi thng tin sx

- Trong cc h thng FMS, cc chng trnh v cc tham s iukhin c th c thay i trc tuyn, ty thuc yu cu sx. Ccchng trnh iu khin c cung cp t my tnh cp qun tr nmy tnh cp tc nghip. My tnh tc nghip phi c kh nng x lviu khin c lp cc thit b thuc quyn v gi thng bo vmy tnh qun tr


55/57


iu khin dng vt liu l mt trong nhng vn quan trng ca

FMS. S trc trc trong cung cp vt liu ti mt nguyn cng bt k

s nh hng n ton b h thng v c th dn n s nh tr

sn xut.

khc phc tnh trng nh tr v ri lon c th xy ra, cc my

tnh iu khin phi c tnh c lp nht nh, c th iu khin thit

b ngay c khi mt lin lc vi h thng my cp trn


9.8.2 Cc thit b thu pht tn hiu

Mt yu cu quan trng ca h thng vn chuyn l kh nng nhn

bit v gim st cc i tng trong qu trnh sn xut. Cc i

tng ny c th ang c gia cng trn cc thit b cng ngh,

c kim tra hoc ang c lu tr, vn chuyn trn cc thit b

vn chuyn, nhbng ti, xe t hnh,

Mt h thng FMS l tng cn c cc thit b nhp v x l d liu

hon ton t ng,m bo h thng hot ng m khng cn s

can thit ca con ngi.

Vic thu nhn nhu cu vt liu c th dng cc phiu yu cu. Cc

phiu ny cha thng tin di dng m c l, m t hoc m vch.

Nh cc phiu gn trn cc i tng gia cng, c th nhn dng

v gim st chng trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn v gia cng.


56/57


Cc thit b thu pht tn hiu


9.8.3 Thit b nhn dng v gim st i tng sx

H thng iu khin cc thit b vn chuyn phi c kh nng nhndng, gim st viu hnh dng vt liu v sn phm. V vy mii tng phi c gn thng tin,nh: s hiu, khch hng, vtliu, yu cu v s lng, cht lng,

Cc i tng gia cng c th c nhn dng trc tip nh h thgic my tnh, da vo kch thc, hnh dng, mu sc ca chnghoc c th nhn dng bng cch gn ln i tng mt m th.

C th nhn dng trc tip hoc gin tip

- Nhn dng trc tip i tng thc hin bng cch quan st trctip i tng hoc gn ln i tng mt m th.

- Phng php quan st trc tip thng chphn loi c itng theo l ch khng qun l c thng tin v tng itng ring bit

- Phng php dng m th c th qun l c nhiu thng tinv sn phm


57/57


- M th c dng c th di dng k t (d dng cho ngi dng

nhn dng trc tip) hoc m vch (d dng cho nhn dng t

ng). Th m phi c gn ti mt v tr nht nh, nm trong

trng lm vic ca thit b c.

Phng php nhn dng gin tip, thay v gn trc tip m th ln

i tng, ngi ta gn vt cha m ln thit b mang (khay, gi

treo,;). V vt mang c hnh dng, kch thc khng i nn d

dng nh v chng trong qu trnh c. Khi mt i tng c t

ln vt mang th mt m c hnh thnh vc gn cho i

tng.

- Tng t nh khi nhn dng trc tip, vt cha m c th l th t,th m vch,

Bai Giang FMS & CIM - Chuong 2

Documents

Transcript of Bai Giang FMS & CIM - Chuong 2