BÀI GIẢNG AN TOÀN MẠNG p 2 Infrastructure Security

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 1

    Phn IIInfrastructure Security

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 2

    Ni dung

    1. Network security topologies

    2. Firewall

    3. IDS/IPS4. VPN

    5. VLAN

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 3

    Ni dung

    6.NAT

    7.Media security

    8.Network security policies9.Lowlayer security baselines

    Case study:

    Thit lp h thng VPN v Firewall chomt doanh nghip

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 4

    Network security topologies

    `

    `

    `

    `

    `

    ISP

    Modem

    Remote

    AccessServer

    Router

    Server

    Access

    Point

    PDALaptop

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 5

    Network security topologies

    `

    `

    ISPModem

    Firewall

    web

    Server

    Access

    Point

    PDALaptop

    `

    VLAN2

    `

    `

    VLAN3

    `

    VLAN4

    IDS/IPS

    mail

    Server

    file

    Server

    DMZ

    Inside

    Outside

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 6

    Firewall

    Chc nng: Chc nng chnh ca tnglal iukhin,kimsot truy nhp.

    Kimsot dchv(service control)

    Kimsot hng(direction control) Kimsot ngidng (user control)

    Kimsot hnh vi (behaviour control)

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    Firewall

    Phn thnh cc vng (zones) Intranet (inside): trusted

    Extranet (outside): un-trusted

    DMZDe-Militerized Zone

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    Firewall

    http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DMZ_network_diagram_1_firewall.svg/400px-DMZ_network_diagram_1_firewall.svg.png
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    Firewall

    Phn loi Software: Checkpoint, MS ISA,

    Appliance: Cisco PIX, Juniper, Firebox,watchguard,

    Cng ngh: s dng mt trong cc cng ngh Packet filtering

    Proxy server Statesfull Filtering

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 10

    Firewall Packet filtering:

    Nguyn l hotng: Hotngchtchvigiao thcTCP/IP

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 11

    Packet Filtering

    Nguyn l- Kimtra ondliuquytnhxem cc on

    d liu c tha mn cc lut ca b lc hay

    khng.- B lc gi tin cho php (tha mn) hay t chi

    (khng thamn) migi tin m n nhnc.

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 12

    Cc lut lc ny da trn thng tin no ?

    Da trn cc trng trong phn u ca IP, TCP hay UDP

    a ch IP xut pht (IP source address)

    a ch IP ni nhn (IP destination address)

    Giao thc s dng (TCP, UDP, ICMP) Cng ngun TCP/UDP

    Cng ch TCP/UDP

    Giao din packet n

    Giao din packet i

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 13

    Lut lc

    Policy chadanh sch cc rules, nu thng tintrong gi tin trng vi rule, th rule cpdng xc nhgi tin c forward hay loideny.

    Nu khng trng vi bt k rule no, th rulemcnhcp dng. Thngth c hai chnh sch cho lutmcnh:

    mcnh= chuyntip hocmcnh= loib.

    Lut c duyt t trn xung, mc u tingimdn.

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 14

    Lut lc gi tin

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    u im

    Tcxl nhanh

    Cc b lc gi tin thng trong sut ivingidng v cc ngdng.

    Khnngngnchncc tncng tchidchvtt.

    Dtrinkhai, ci tv botr.

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    Nhc im

    Khng kimsot cdliutlp4 trln Khnngara cc thng tin nhtk hnch

    do tnglachkimtra mtslnggiihn

    cc thng tin trong gi tin. Phn ln cc tng la loi ny khng h trtnh nngxc thcngidng.

    Khng ngn chn c cc tn cng li dng

    imyutrong giao thcTCP/IP. Yu cungiquntrc hiubitsu vcc

    dchvInternet.

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    Circuit Level Gateway

    Hotngtnggiao vn

    Gim st bttay TCP giagitin vo/ra xc nh phinlm vicc hplhay khng.

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    Nguyn l hot ng

    Khng cho php thchinktniendtoend. Thitlphai ktniTCP

    Giacngv my bn trong. Giacngv my bn ngoi.

    Khi hai ktnic thit lp,cngmcmchs thchinsao chp, chuyntipond liuTCP tktnibn trong sang ktnibn ngoi v ngclim khngcnkimtra nidung dliu.

    Cngvng xc nhmtphin lm vichp lnucSYN, ACK v sequence number trong qu trnh bt taygiacc ktnil hpl.

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 19

    Qa trnh lm vic

    My bn trong yu cumtdchv,cngchpnhnyu cu. Thay mtmy bn trong, cngmktninmy bn ngoi v

    gim st chtchqu trnh bttay TCP. Qu trnh bttay lin quannvictrao igi tin chac(SYN hay ACK).

    Cngxc thcmy bn trong v my bn ngoi l thnh phnmtphin lm vic,cngsao chp v chuyn tipd liugiahai ktni.

    Cng duy tr mtbng thit lpktni,d liucphp i quanuthucmttrong cc phin lm vicc trong bng.

    Khi phin lm vicktthc, cngmcmchxa bnghi ktnicaphin lm vic.

    Bngktni: ID Session, Trngthi (handshake, etablished) ...

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    u im

    Mcan ton cao hnso vilcgi tin.

    C th trin khai vi lng lngiao thctng trn m khng cnhiuv thng tintigiao thc.

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    Nhc im

    Mt khi kt ni c thit lp, n c thcho php gicc m chitrong gi tin

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 22

    Cng ng dng

    Hotngtngngdng.

    Thit k nhm tng cngchcnngkim sot cc loidch v, giao thc c chophp truy cp vo h thngmng.

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 23

    Nguyn l hot ng

    Datrn cc dchvidin(Proxy service).

    Proxy service l cc chng trnh c bit citrn gateway cho tngngdng.

    Quy trnh kt ni s dng dch v thng quacngngdngdinra theo 5 bc.

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    Nguyn l hot ng

    Bc1:My trmgiyu cutimy chxa ncngngdng. Bc2:Cngngdng xc thcngidng. Nuxc thc thnh cng

    chuynsang bc3, ngcliqu trnh ktthc.

    Bc3:Cngngdngchuynyu cumy trmnmy chxa. Bc4:My chxa trlichuynncngngdng. Bc5:Cngngdngchuyntrlicamy chxa nmy trm.

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    u im

    Hon ton iu khin c tng dch v trnmng (quyt nh nhng my ch no c thtruy cpcbicc dchv).

    Hon ton iukhincnhngdchv nocho php ( vngmtcaproxy cho dchvnoth dchvbkha).

    Kim tra xc thcmnh,ghi li thng tin v

    truy cphthng. Lut lc cho cngngdngd dng cu hnhv kimtra hnso vilcgi tin.

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    u im

    Hon ton iu khin c tng dch v trnmng (quyt nh nhng my ch no c thtruy cpcbicc dchv).

    Hon ton iukhincnhngdchv nocho php ( vngmtcaproxy cho dchvnoth dchvbkha).

    Kim tra xc thcmnh,ghi li thng tin v

    truy cphthng. Lut lc cho cngngdngd dng cu hnhv kimtra hnso vilcgi tin.

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    Nhc im

    Tcchm,hiusutthpdo xl trn nhiutng.

    Cc dchvhtrbhnch.

    Khnngthay imrng(scalability) hnch.

    Ci tv botr phctp.. Khnngtrong sutivingidng cuihnch

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 28

    Stateful Multilayer Inspection Firewall

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 29

    Stateful Multilayer Inspection Firewall

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    Statefull Multilayer Inspection Firewall

    Ging tng la lc gi tin, hot ng tngmng,lcgi tin i/ndatrn tham s: achngun,achch,cngngun,cngch.

    Gingcngmcmch, xc nh chnh xc gitin trong phin lm vic.

    SIF btchccngmcngdng,SIF agitin ln tngngdngv kimtra xem nidungdliuph hpvicc luttrong chnh sch anninh cahthng.

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 31

    Firewall

    Mt s loi firewall tt c th m bo cho mt h thng an ninh ?

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 32

    IDS/IPS

    `

    `

    ISPModem

    Firewall

    web

    Server

    Access

    Point

    PDALaptop

    `

    VLAN2

    `

    `

    VLAN3

    `

    VLAN4

    IDS/IPS

    mail

    Server

    file

    Server

    DMZ

    Inside

    Outside

    X

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    IDS/IPS

    IDS/IPS: pht hin/ngn chn tn cng IDS: Instrusion Detection System

    IPS: Instrusion Prevention System Thng tch hp cng Firewall

    Da trn du hiu, phi cp nht thng

    xuyn

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    IDS/IPS

    Ch hot ng Pht hin tch cc

    Pht hin th ng

    Pht hin tch cc: IDS phn ng li tn cng, ra lnh cho tng

    la chn cc cng nghi vn

    Vn : IDS cnh bo sai, cn cu hnh linlc gia IDS v thit b mng dng ngn chn

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    IDS/IPS

    Pht hinthng Cc du hiu tn cng c ghi li,

    nhngkhng chnngay

    C th cu hnh cnh bo qun tr,ngnchnbngtay

    Dng phn tch cc cnhbo

    Vn: Thigian pngchm

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    IDS/IPS

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    IDS/IPS

    Phn loi Network based: IDS/IPS dng cho ton

    mng

    Host based: IDS/IPS c nhn

    Network based IDS

    ThngdidngAppliance C thgim st ton bhthng

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    IDS/IPS

    Network based IDS

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    IDS/IPS

    Host based IDS Ci trn cc my quan trng pht

    hin tn cng

    Vn :

    Khng c ci nhn tng quan v cc

    cuc tn cng Ch monitor c my ci IDS

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    IDS/IPS

    Host based IDS

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    VPN

    `

    `

    ISPModem

    Firewall

    web

    Server

    Access

    Point

    PDALaptop

    `

    VLAN2

    `

    `

    VLAN3

    `

    VLAN4

    IDS/IPS

    mail

    Server

    file

    Server

    DMZ

    Inside

    Outside

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    VPN

    VPNVirtual Private Network: Mng ringo Cho php thit lp knh kt ni an ton

    (private) trn mi trng dng chung(virtual) Li ch:

    m bo an ninh

    Tit kim chi ph

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    V d: VPN-1 POWER CA CHECKPOINT

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    VPN

    Thitb/phnmmhtrThngctch hpcng firewall

    Nucnhiunngcao th tch ring Phn loiVPN

    VPN site to site: nimngmng

    VPN remote access: ni host mng

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    FIS,2008 Network Security 45

    VPN site to site

    INTERNET

    VPNGateway

    VPNGateway

    HeadQuarters Branch

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    VPN remote access

    INTERNET

    VPNGateway/server

    Head

    Quarters Branch

    Remote ueser

    VPNclient

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    VPN

    Cc giao thcdng trong VPN L2FLayer 2 Forwarding (Cisco) PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol

    (Microsoft) L2TPLayer 2 Tunneling Protocol (Microsoft+ Cisco)

    IPSecIP Security

    SSL/TLS Security Sockets Layer/TransportLayer Security

    MPLSMulti-Protocol Label Switching

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    VLANVirtual LAN

    `

    `

    ISP

    Modem

    Firewall

    web

    Server

    Access

    Point

    PDALaptop

    `

    VLAN2

    `

    `

    VLAN3

    `

    VLAN4

    IDS/IPS

    mail

    Server

    file

    Server

    DMZ

    Inside

    Outside

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    VLANVirtual LAN

    V d: Trin khai mng VLAN

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    VLANVirtual LAN

    L k thut chia nh Broadcast domainthnh nhiuVirtual Broadcast domain.

    Mi Virtual Broadcast domain s dng1Network hoc1 Subnetwork

    Lm tngtnh uynchuyntrong victhitkhthng,Titkimchi ph.

    Cho php nhm cc ngidng c cng

    chcnng trong cng tchchotngtrong cng 1 Broadcast domain m khngphthucvo vtr al

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    VLANVirtual LAN

    Nhng ngi s dng thuc cng VLan sdngcng 1 Network/Subnetwork v c thgiaotipvinhau ddng.

    Ngi dng khc VLan mun giao tip kt nivinhau phinhnthitbLayer3(Router)

    Thng tin v VLan (VLan Database) c th lantruyn t Switch ny sang Switch khc trong

    cng h thng thng qua Kt ni Trunk v "intVLan1"

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    Trunk link

    C bng thng t100mbps tr ln, l ktnim luthng tttccc VLan c thiqua .

    Luthng cangidng thucVLan khicgi ln ngTrunk scnggi thng tin vVLan ID xc nh lu

    thng thucVLan no

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    Cch ng gi:VLanID

    802.1q(Thnggil dot1q): l chunnggiVLanID chung trn ttccc Switch.

    NativeVLan: VLan m dliuthucvVLan

    khi gi ln ng Trunk s khng ng giVLanID McnhNative VLan l VLan1

    ISL(Inter Switch Link): l chunnggi VLanIDtrn Cisco Catalyst Switch m thi.

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    NATNetwork Address Translation

    `

    `

    ISPModem

    Firewall

    webServer

    AccessPoint

    PDALaptop

    `

    VLAN2

    `

    `

    VLAN3

    `

    VLAN4

    IDS/IPS

    mailServer

    fileServer

    DMZ

    Inside

    Outside

    DA

    10.0.0.10

    IP Address outside

    10.0.0.10 10.0.0.12

    NAT Table

    DA

    10.0.0.12

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    NATNetwork Address Translation

    achRing RFC 1918 dnh ring 3 diachIP sau:

    1 achlpA: 10.0.0.0/8

    16 a ch lp B: 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255(172.16.0.0/12)

    246 ach lpC: 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255(192.168.0.0/16)

    Nhng a ch trn c dng cho mngring, mngnib. cc gi dliuc achnh trn s khng c nh tuyn trnInternet

    ?

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    NAT?

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    NAT?

    Inside local addressachcphn phicho cc host bn trong mngnib

    Inside global addressL achIP hpphp ccung cpbiISP,achny idincho mthocnhiuachnibbn trong ivi thgiibnngoi.

    Outside local addressL achring cahost nmbn ngoi mngnib Outside global address l achcng cnghpphp cahost nmngoi

    mngnib

    N l l i NAT?

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    Nguyn l lm vic ca NAT?

    Static NATchuyn i mt a ch private IP thnhmt a ch public IP c th (one-to-one)

    In static NAT, the computer with IP address 192.168.32.10 will alwaystranslate to 213.18.123.110

    FIS,2008 Network Security 58

    58

    N l l i NAT?

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    Nguyn l lm vic ca NAT?

    Dynamic NATchuyn i mt a ch private IP thnhmt a ch public IP thuc mt di a ch cho trc

    In static NAT, the computer with IP address 192.168.32.10 will translate to thefirst available address in the range from 213.18.123.100 to 213.18.123.150

    FIS,2008 Network Security 59

    59

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    NAT Overload hoc PAT

    L mt dng ca dynamic NAT nhng chuyn i nhiua ch private IP thnh mt a ch public IP (many-to-one) bng cch s dng nhiu port khc nhau

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    60

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    Media security

    ngtruyn ngtrc

    UTP/STP

    Fiber wireless

    Lu tr FDD

    HDD

    Tape CD/DVD

    Flash disk

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    Media securityCp ng trc

    Cng ngh cp luinht

    Gm nhiu v bc

    bao quanh mt ling

    B tn cng kiu vtl

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    Media securityUTP/STP

    Unshielded TwistedPair Loidy mngLAN ph

    binnht

    C thln tiGigabit

    Bnhhngcanhiu

    Shield Twisted Pair

    Chngcnhiu S dng trong mi

    trngcng nghip

    thn

    M di it Fib

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    Media security - Fiber

    Li thy tinh vi vbcnhangoi

    Ch c th b nghe

    trm ti nhng chni

    M di it Wifi

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    Media securityWifi

    Gmcc imtruy cpAccess-point v wireless card Nguy ccao hnso vihthngc dy

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    Media security - wifi

    Cc binphp Bbroadcast SSID (Service Set Identifier)

    MAC Filtering

    WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) WPA (Wi-fi Protected Access), WPA2

    PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)

    M di it ifi

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    Media security - wifi

    M di i FDD

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    Media security - FDD

    t dng

    44MB

    Dng khi ng/sali

    M di it HDD

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    Media security - HDD

    Thit b lu tr chnh Chun SCSI, IDE,

    SATA

    Gi ang gim D liu nn c m

    ha

    Nn s dng RAID

    M di it T

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    Media security - Tape

    csdnglutr

    Tcchmhncng

    R

    Bn

    M di it CD/DVD

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    Media securityCD/DVD

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    Media securityFlash disk

    Nh gn Gi ngy cng r

    Khng nn lu tr d

    liu quan trng

  • 5/21/2018 BI GIA NG AN TON MA NG p 2 Infrastructure Security

    73/75

    FIS,2008 Network Security 73

    Network security policies

    `

    `

    ISP

    Modem

    Firewall

    web

    Server

    Access

    Point

    PDALaptop

    `

    VLAN2

    `

    `

    VLAN3

    `

    VLAN4

    IDS/IPS

    mail

    Server

    file

    Server

    DMZ

    Inside

    Outside

    Permit: Google

    Deny: YIM

    L l it b li

  • 5/21/2018 BI GIA NG AN TON MA NG p 2 Infrastructure Security

    74/75

    FIS,2008 Network Security 74

    Lowlayer security baselines

    C thitkngay tu Ti liuhthng

    Thitlpv duy tr ti liu

    Cpnhtkhi c sthay i

    ngcc cng,dchvkhng cnthit

  • 5/21/2018 BI GIA NG AN TON MA NG p 2 Infrastructure Security

    75/75

    Case study

    Thit lp h thng Firewall v VPN chomt doanh nghip