1. 1. Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Th HuGing vin hng dn: Ths.Thi Hoi Minh.Trng i Hc S Phm Thnh Ph H ChMinh
2. 2. KIM TRA BI CVit cng thc cu to cc ng phn caankadien c cng thc phn t C5H8 v gi tnCH2= C= CH CH2 CH3 pent-1,2-ienCH2= CH CH = CH CH3 pent-1,3-ienCH2= CH CH CH = CH2 pent-1,4-ienCH3 CH = C = CH CH3 pent-2,3-ienCH2= C =C CH3 3-metylbut-1,2-ienCH3CH2= C C = CH3 2-metylbut-1,3-ienCH3Ch ra u l ankadien linhp? Ti sao?Htgip n
3. 3. I.ng ng, ng phn, danh php1. Dy ng ng ankin.HC CH CH3 C C CH3CH3 C CH CH C CH2 CH3Ankin l nhng hidrocacbon mch h c 1 linkt ba trong phn t.CnH2n-2 (n 2, vi 1 lin kt ba).
4. 4. 2. ng phna. ng phn cu toCc ankin c s nguyn t Cacbon n 4 xuthin ng phn.CH C CH2 CH3CH3 C C CH3 ng phn v v tr lin kt ba.
5. 5. CHCCH2CH2CH3CHCCHCH3CH3 Xut hin thm ng phn v mch cacbon.ng phn v v tr lin kt baC1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 ..ng phn vmch cacbon
6. 6. b. ng phn lp th.Khc vi anken, cc ankin khng c ng phncis-trans do c cu trc phng.
7. 7. 3. Danh phpTn thng Tn thay thHC CH Axetilen EtinCH3 C CH Metylaxetilen PropinCH C CH2 CH3 Etylaxetilen But-1-inCH3 C C CH3 Dimetylaxetilen But-2-inRt ra cch gi tn ankin theo danhphp thng thng v danh php thayth?
8. 8. a. Tn thng thng R-CC-RTn gc R, R + axetilenCc gc R, R c u tin theo th t a,b,c . trong bngch ciV dCH3C CCH2CH3 Etyl metyl axetilen
9. 9. b. Tn thay th3-Metylbut-1-inS ch v tr-tnnhnhV dTn mch chnh S ch v tr ni ba-in1 2 3 4CHCCHCH3CH3
10. 10. 1 2 3 4 5CH3CCCHCH3CH35 4 3 2 1CH3CCCHCH3CH34-metylpent-2-in1 2 3 4 5CH 3 C C CH CH CH3CH2 CH2 CH3 CH36 7 84,5-imetyloct-2-in Mch chinh la mch Cacbon dai nht cha niba anh s Cacbon t u gn ni ba nht
11. 11. II. CU TOM hnh phnt axetilenH C C H 180 oBnKm bnKm bnd = 1,2 Ao
12. 12. m in ca nguyn t Cacbon lai ha sp cao hncacbon lai ha sp2, sp3 nn lin kt gia nguyn tCacbon ni ba vi nguyn t hidro tng i phn cc. H gn vi cacbon mang lin kt ba rt linh ng.H C C HCH3 C C CH3CH3 C C H Ch co nhng Ankin co ni ba u mch (ank-1-in)mi co H linh ng.
13. 13. III. Tinh cht vt liTrng thi: iu kin thng cc ankin t C2n C4 l cht kh, cc ng ng cao hn lcht lng hoc cht rn.Ankin nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc,tan trong cc dung mi hu c nh ete,benzen, axeton, .T0s, T0nc, khi lng ring tng theo chiu tngca khi lng phn t.
14. 14. IV. Tinh cht hoa hcKm bnC C BnKm bnPhnngcng laphnngctrngR HD th bi ion kim loi H linh ng
15. 15. b. Cng Br2
16. 16. Axetilen lam mt mau dung dch Br2CH CHEtin 1,2-ibrometanCH CHCH CH + Br Br1:1CH CH + 1:2 Br Br1,1,2,2-tetrebrometanEtin2Tng quat:Ankin lm mt mu dung dch Brom
17. 17. c. Cng Hiro CloruaCH CHCH CHCH CH + H ClHgCl2150-200oCCH CH + H Clhay CH2 CH-Clhay CH3-CHCl2EtinVinyl clorua1,1-icloetanEtin2Giai on 1Giai on 2Phn ng cngtheo quy tcMaccopnhicop
18. 18. Chu y: cac Ankin cng HX ( X la Halogen, OH, ) tun theoquy tc MaccopnhicopCH C CH3 + HClCH2=CCl_CH3+ HClCH2=CCl_CH3CH3-CCl2-CH3V d2-clopropen2,2-iclopropanTng qut: CnH2n-2 + 2HCl CnH2nCl2
19. 19. d. Cng H2OCH CHCH CH + OHHgSO4/H2SO4, 80OCH CH2 CH OHKhng bnChuyn vCH3CHOandehyt axeticCH3 C CH + H2O HgSO4/H2SO4, 80OCCH3 C = CH2OHKhng bnCH Chuyn v 3 C CH3OAxeton
20. 20. e. Phn ng trung hpCHCHCuCl / NH4Cl100oCCH2=CHCCHCH=CH H CCH Vinyl axetilenNh hpTam hpCHCHC ht600oCCHCHHCCHHCCH(C6H6)a hpCHCH23n CH CH to, p, xtnCuprenBenzen
21. 21. 2. Phn ng oxi hoaa. Phn ng oxi hoa hoan toanC2H2 + O2t02 5 4CO2+ 2H2OTng quatCn H2n-2 + O2t0CO2 + H2n (n-1) O(3n-1)2+Q
22. 22. b. Phn ng oxi ha khng hon tonQuan st th nghim axetilen tc dng vi dung dchthuc tm v rt ra nhn xt
23. 23. Nhn xtAxetilen lm mt mu dung dch thuc tmKt lunAnkin lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 .Ankin b oxi ha lin kt ba to ra hnhp cc sn phm phc tp, cn KMnO4b kh thnh MnO2 (kt ta mu nu en)
24. 24. 3. Phn ng th bng ion kim loiQuan st hin tng th nghim axetilen tc dng vidung dch AgNO3 /NH3Axetilen tcdng vidung dchAgNO3/NH3to ra ktta muvng
25. 25. HCCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgCCAg + 2NH4NO3CHC-CH3 + AgNO3 + NH3CH2=CH -CCH + AgNO3 + NH3CH3- CC- CH3 + AgNO3 + NH3Mu vngAg-CC-CH3 + NH4NO3Xt 1 vi ankin khcCH2=CH -CCAg + NH4NO3
26. 26. Nhn xt:Phn ng th vi ion kim loi ch xy ra khi ankin cni ba CC u mch.Ch c axetilen thc hin th vi ion kim loi hai ln.Tng qut:R C CH+AgNO3 + NH3R-CCAg + NH4NO3y l phn ng c trng phn bit:Ank-1-in vi cc ankin khcEtilen vi axetilen.
27. 27. V. IU CH1/ T Canxi cacbua(trong PTN)L inCaO + 3 CO CaC2 + COCaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H22/ T metan(trong cng nghip)1500OC2 CH4 C2H2 + 3H2Lm lnhnhanh
28. 28. VI. NG DNGT si tng hpAXETILENNguyn liu snxut cht doPVCTng hp cc chthu c khc:andehit, axit, esten x hnct kim loi
29. 29. Cng c ANKINGingAnkenPhn ngcngPhn ng oxihaTc nhni xngTc nhnbt ixngTun theoquy tccng Mac-cop-nhi-copHon ton(t chy)Khng hontonKhcAnkenCc Ank-1-in Phn ng th bi ion kimloiANKIN