Bahir Dar Universitybdu.edu.et/caes/sites/bdu.edu.et.caes/files/journal... · M.Sc. Curriculum in...
Transcript of Bahir Dar Universitybdu.edu.et/caes/sites/bdu.edu.et.caes/files/journal... · M.Sc. Curriculum in...
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Animal Production and Technology Program
Master of Science Program in Apiculture
March 2013
Bahir Dar
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page i
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Animal Production and Technology Program
Master of Science Program in Apiculture Animal Production and Technology Program College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
+ 251-582266595
Fax: + 251-582221390
79
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http/www.bdu.edu.et/caes
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page ii
Executive Summary
Name of the Program: Apiculture
Name of the Degree to be awarded: Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Apiculture
Degree to be awarded by: Bahir Dar University, Subjected to the Approval of the
Senate
Standard Period of Study: 2 Academic Years with 4 Semesters
Commencement of the Program: 2005/6 E.C. / 2012/13
Fees / Charges:
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page iii
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... ii 1. General Background .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 The Role of Agriculture in Ethiopian Economy .............................................................. 1
1.2 The Role of Beekeeping................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Potentials of Ethiopia for Beekeeping Development ....................................................... 2
2. Rationale of the Program ....................................................................................................... 5
3. Program Objectives and Graduate Profile ............................................................................. 6 3.1 Objectives of the program................................................................................................ 6
3.2 Graduate profile ............................................................................................................... 6
4. Academic Requirements ........................................................................................................ 7
4.1 Admission requirements .................................................................................................. 7
4.2 Duration of the study ....................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Graduation requirements.................................................................................................. 7
4.4 Medium of instruction...................................................................................................... 8
5. Degree Nomenclature ............................................................................................................ 8
6. Assessment and Evaluation.................................................................................................... 8 6.1 Mode of assessment ......................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Grading system ................................................................................................................ 8
7. Assignment of Course Codes ................................................................................................. 9
8. List of Modules, Courses and their Status ........................................................................... 10 9. Module/ Course Breakdown ................................................................................................ 13 9.2 Summer program................................................................................................................ 15
10. Resources ........................................................................................................................... 17 10.1 Staff profile .................................................................................................................. 17
10.2 Existing physical resources and infrastructure ............................................................ 18
11. Partnerships / Cooperation ................................................................................................. 18
12. Quality Assurance Mechanism .......................................................................................... 18 13. Annexes.............................................................................................................................. 19
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 1
1. General Background
1.1 The Role of Agriculture in Ethiopian Economy
Ethiopia is predominantly an agrarian country. The agricultural sector plays a critical and
multidimensional role in Ethiopian economy. About 15% of the population in the rural areas
derives its livelihood from agriculture; the sector accounts for more than 40% of national
GDP; and it is the source of 90% of the country’s export earnings (Diao et al., 2010). Recent
study (IGAD, 2010) argued that, livestock production is a major agricultural activity in
Ethiopia; including the value of ploughing services, it provided 45 % of the agricultural GDP
in 2008-09. This means that the rate at which agricultural sector attains its growth and
sustainability highly determines the country’s macroeconomic performances such as overall
economic growth, employment, food security, poverty reduction and per capita income
growth.
Obviously, the country`s future development heavily depends on the efficient and effective
mobilization and utilization of agricultural resources (MoARD, 2010). However, for several
years, the rate of population growth has exceeded by far more than the rate of growth of
agricultural production. As the result of this, Ethiopia is facing recurrent food insecurity and
malnutrition problems that mainly resulted from unsustainable agricultural crops production
which leads to unstable food production.
Nowadays, however there is a growing awareness for sustainable agricultural production
systems to improve food security by realizing the natural resources potentials of the country
without endangering the environment.
1.2 The Role of Beekeeping
In Ethiopia, beekeeping is a promising non-farm activity for the rural households. It
contributes to the incomes of households and the economy of the nation. The direct
contribution of beekeeping includes the value of the outputs produced such as honey,
beeswax, and other products such as pollen, royal jelly, bee venom, and propolis in cosmetics
and medicine (Gezahegn, 2001). It also provides an employment opportunity in the sector.
The exact number of people engaged in the honey sub-sector in Ethiopia is not well known.
However, it is estimated that around 1.8 million farm households are involved in beekeeping
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 2
business using the traditional, intermediate and modern hives (MoA, 2012). It could also be
observed that a large number of people (intermediaries and traders) participate in honey
collection and retailing (at village, district and zonal levels). Thousands of households are
engaged in Tej-making in almost all urban areas, hundreds of processors are emerging and
exporters are also flourishing (Beyene and David, 2007). Honey and beeswax also play a big
role in the cultural and religious life of the people of Ethiopia.
Honey is produced mainly as a cash crop, which is serving as a source of additional cash
income for hundreds of thousands of farmer beekeepers. Honey is mainly produced for
market. More than 95 per cent of the total produced is marketed, while the remaining is used
for home consumption. In addition, a significant number of people are engaged in production
and trading of honey at different levels and selling of honey wines (local beverage Tej) which
create job and self-employment opportunities for large number of citizens. Export of honey
and bee wax is estimated to contribute an average of 1.6 million USD to the annual national
export earnings (Ethiopian Customs Authority and Export Promotion Agency, 2006).
Another very important contribution of beekeeping is through plant pollination and
conservation of the natural environment. Beekeeping is environmentally sustainable activity
that can be integrated with agricultural practices like crop production, animal husbandry,
horticultural crops and conservation of natural resources. Thus, it would be one of the most
important intervention areas for sustainable development of poor countries like Ethiopia. The
contributions of beekeeping in poverty reduction, sustainable development and conservation
of natural resources have been well recognized and emphasized by the government of
Ethiopia and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). As the country is endowed with
varied ecological zones and different flora, it has a huge potential for beekeeping. However,
the roles of beekeeping as income generation or diversification for subsistence farmers and
generating foreign exchange earnings have been very minimal.
1.3 Potentials of Ethiopia for Beekeeping Development
There is an ancient tradition for beekeeping in Ethiopia that stretches back into the millennia
of the country's early history. Although difficult to establish a time reference when
beekeeping was started in Ethiopia, it may date 5000 years back and the Hieroglyphs of
ancient Egypt refers to Abyssinia (the former name of Ethiopia) as the source of honey and
beeswax. Thus Abyssinia has been known for its beeswax export for centuries during when
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 3
other items were not exportable (Gezahegne, 2001). Beekeeping is a long-standing practice in
the rural communities of Ethiopia and appears as an ancient history of the country (Tilahun,
2004). In Ethiopia, beekeeping is an integral part of the life style of the farming communities,
and except for a few extreme areas, it is a common practice in every place where humankind
has settled. In addition, Ethiopia has probably the longest tradition of all the African counties
in beeswax and honey marketing. The time is immemorial as to when and where marketing of
honey and beeswax has been started in the country (Beyene and David, 2007).
The ideal climatic conditions and diversity of floral resources allow the country to sustain
around 10 million honeybee colonies, of which 7 million are kept in local beehives by
farmers and the remaining, exist in the forests as wild colonies. This makes the country to
have the highest bee density in Africa (Ayalew, 2001).The ideal climatic conditions and the
diversity of floral resources allow the country to sustain millions of honeybee colonies that
belong to five geographical races: Apis mellifera scutellata, Apis mellifera monticola, Apis
mellifera jemenetica, Apis mellifera bandansi and Apis mellifera woy gambella (Amsalu et
al., 2003).
The mixed farming systems in Ethiopia possess indigenous and traditional on-farm trees
growing practices, such as parkland agro-forestry, homestead tree planting, woodlot, and
farm boundary tree planting, combined with apiculture (Keralem, 2005). Beekeeping has
been and still is very widespread, economically important and an integral part of the life of
the farming communities of Ethiopia (Fichtl & Admasu, 1994). According to Debissa (2007)
regardless of gender restriction beekeeping is an incentive to conserve the forest besides it
significantly contributes to the livelihoods of beekeeper households. Beekeeping is
widespread in Ethiopia, and is carried out to varying extents in all the regions of the country.
Based on the level of technological advancement three types of beehives are used for honey
production in Ethiopia. These are traditional, intermediate, and modern hives. A total of
about 4,601,806 hives exist in the country of which about 95.5 per cent are traditional, 4.3 per
cent transitional and 0.20 per cent modern hives (Beyene and David, 2007). The traditional
beekeeping accounts for more than 95 per cent of the honey and beeswax produced in the
country. From traditional hives, an average of 5–6 kg of honey could be cropped/hive per
year. However, in areas where improved technology has been introduced, yields of 15–20
kg/hive per year have been recorded. In Ethiopia, honey has long tradition and cultural
values, for instance as a gift in dowries during marriage, as an important ingredient for
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 4
processing honey wine locally called Tej brewery and beeswax is used to produce light
particularly in the Orthodox churches (Beyene and David, 2007).
Beekeeping as a business is a recent development in Ethiopia. Presently, honey is highly
commercialized and its market surplus accounts for over 90 per cent of the total harvest. The
large portion (70 per cent) of the marketed honey goes to the production of Tej (beverage)
and only around 30 per cent is used as a table honey. Moreover, the volume of export in both
honey and beeswax products has notably declined since the last decade. This is largely
attributed to the deterioration in quality of the products, EU (European Union) restriction and
increasing demand in the domestic market (Beyene and David, 2007).
Despite the long tradition of beekeeping in Ethiopia, having the highest bee density and being
the leading honey producer as well as one of the largest beeswax exporting countries in
Africa, the share of the sub-sector in the GDP has never been commensurate with the huge
numbers of honeybee colonies and the country's potentiality for beekeeping. Productivity has
always been low, leading to low utilization of hive products domestically, and relatively low
export earnings. Thus, the beekeepers in particular and the country in general are not
benefiting from the sub sector (Nuru, 2002). The major constraints in Ethiopia are lack of
beekeeping knowledge, shortage of trained manpower, shortage of beekeeping equipment,
pests and predators and inadequate research and extension services to support apiculture
development programmes (Keralem, 2005).
Considering the aforementioned facts, the Animal Production and Technology Program
within the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University had
launched two Graduate programs to enhance the contribution of farm animals’ in food
security and national economy (foreign currency) in terms of exporting as live animals and
their products and by-products (skin and hide and their related products). These programs are
‘’Animal Production’’ and “Animal Genetics and Breeding”. The Department is also on the
way to start Graduate program in “Animal Nutrition” to produce human resources capable of
solving problems in animal nutrition in the region as well as in the country. In general,
keeping the national demand and international standards, direction of the Ministry of
Education of Ethiopia, need assessment results, and vision and mission of Bahir Dar
University and College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, the Animal Production
and Technology Program has prepared this draft curriculum to launch Master of Science
Degree in Apiculture.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 5
2. Rationale of the Program
It is apparent that shortage of well-trained professionals in the area of animal sciences in
general and Apiculture in particular is common in Ethiopia as well as in Africa. Considering
this problem, the government of Ethiopia is increasing the number of agricultural universities,
colleges and training centers at a precedent rate and Bahir Dar University is part of that
program. The university has a number of programs in Agriculture and one of which is Animal
Production and Technology Program (has both undergraduate and post graduate programs).
In this regard, the University is playing crucial roles in producing technically capable trained
human resources who would contribute to the national economy.
To open this program, need assessment was made on governmental and non-
governmental organizations in different regions of the country. Results of the need
assessment have shown that there is a high demand for apiculture specialists to develop all
subsectors of apiculture. Especially the main stakeholders of the program, such as Ministry of
Agriculture, Bureaus of Agriculture, Research Institutes, and other governmental
organization showed interest for competent well skilled apiculture professionals at a graduate
level. According to the respondents from Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Agricultural
Bureaus and Research Institute, staff positions that have to be filled by apiculture specialist
are mostly occupied by staffs graduated in animal sciences that were taken one beekeeping
course. Instructors at higher institutions and ATVET College that have been assigned to teach
beekeeping courses are also generalist. Due to this, they showed interest to upgrade their
staffs to M.Sc. level at Bahir Dar University. Most respondents argued on the possibilities
self-employment of graduates by involving in commercial beekeeping business, processing
and marketing of bee products and also in areas of value addition and consultancy services.
According to most respondents, Apiculture M.Sc. Program at Bahir Dar University should
address bee science and husbandry aspects about production, processing and utilization of
various bee products; emphasize on the integration of beekeeping with natural resources and
environment protection.
Currently there is no university offering Apiculture at B.Sc. as well as M.Sc. level in
Ethiopia. But Jimma University is the only University offering M.Sc. program in Animal
Production with one of the specialization in Apiculture. The M.Sc. program in Apiculture at
Bahir Dar University is the first of its kind in Ethiopia as well as in Africa. Therefore, the
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 6
M.Sc. program of “Apiculture” curriculum is designed with experience of other Universities
in the country and similar overseas programs. The program will be under Program of Animal
Production and Technology and intended to be highly purposive, research supported,
stakeholders demanded, practice oriented and a relevant to the developmental needs of the
country in general and in Amhara Region in particular. The program will also play great roles
in service training and other community services.
3. Program Objectives and Graduate Profile
3.1 Objectives of the program
The objectives of postgraduate training in Apiculture are to:
Produce well qualified and competent graduates having strong theoretical knowledge,
practical skills and attitude to undertake training, research and extension/service in
apiculture, meliponiculture, and sericulture.
Generate technologies and knowledge in different fields of apiculture,
meliponiculture, and sericulture that would help to improve the management of bee
colony, pests and diseases and improves bee products in the country through
undertaking problem oriented and demand driven research.
Collaborate with national and international academic and research institutes for
training and research
Build database about apiculture, meliponiculture, and sericulture through research
works for efficient use by various stakeholders
3.2 Graduate profile
Upon completion of the program the graduates are expected to acquire knowledge and
practical skills required to:
Engage in teaching, research and community outreach activities in the field of
apiculture, meliponiculture, and sericulture at various levels (private sectors,
government institutions, NGOs, etc)
Generate and/or adopt appropriate technologies of apiculture, meliponiculture, and
sericulture through research;
Advise decision makers in formulating agricultural policies of the country related to
apiculture, meliponiculture, and sericulture;
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 7
Come up with appropriate methods of management of colony and improvement of the
quality of honeybee and stingless bee products; and
Job creators of their own enterprises in the area of apiculture, meliponiculture, and sericulture.
4. Academic Requirements
4.1 Admission requirements
Applicants must have completed the academic requirements for the Bachelor’s of degree in
Animal Science, Plant Science, Biology, Entomology, Natural Resources Management,
Forestry, Fishery, Wetlands and Wildlife, Food Science, Chemistry, Biochemistry or other
related sciences from accredited higher learning institutions. The candidate must pass
qualifying (entrance) examination in the field of study. The candidate must be supported by
at least two letters of recommendation preferably from the candidates under graduate
instructors, employers and professional associations.
4.2 Duration of the study
This M.Sc. Apiculture program is a two year program for regular students and a three-year
program for summer students. Regular and summer students will have one year (two
semesters) and two years (two summers), respectively, course work and one year for research
project in a specified area of specialization which be approved by the Department of
Graduate Committee (DGC) established in the program of Animal Production and
Technology.
4.3 Graduation requirements
The Master of Science degree program in Apiculture has a course work requirement of 63
"European Credit Transfer System" (ECTS) credits and a master's thesis of 30 ECTS credits,
which should be documented in a thesis that will be subject to an open defense examination
in public.
The M.Sc. degree in Apiculture is awarded to a candidate, who has satisfied the general SGS
graduation requirements, scored above ‘B’ grade and only one ‘C’ grade in the examinations
for the courses in the program and successfully defended the M.Sc. thesis.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 8
4.4 Medium of instruction
The medium of instruction for the program is ENGLISH.
5. Degree Nomenclature
The degreed conferred on successful candidates will be called in English: THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN “APICULTURE”; in Amharic: ¾dÔe Teƒ_ƒ Ç=Ó]
uንብ ሳይንስ”
6. Assessment and Evaluation
6.1 Mode of assessment
Graduate student progress is assessed regularly and formally by the college through assigned
program supervisors. The assessments focus on both completion of coursework and
development of professional skills in formulating scientific research proposals and writing
scientific research paper through the following methods:
1. Course work
a. Term paper assignments
b. Reading assignments
c. Seminars
d. Mid-semester exam
e. Final-exam
2. Practical courses
a. Laboratory reports /field reports
b. Practical examination
3. Thesis, seminars and reports presentation
a. Quality of paper presented
b. Ways of presentation
c. Defending material presented
d. Confidence of the presenter
6.2 Grading system
Grading will be carried out based on the legislation of Bahir Dar University.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 9
7. Assignment of Course Codes
The course code will have four alphabets and four digit numbers. The four alphabets code
indicates the name of the program with the first alphabet capital letter, i.e. all courses
designed by program are coded as ‘Apct’ indicates Apiculture. The four digit numbers
indicate the year of course offering (the first number indicates the level of the course in terms
of the year, accordingly '6' for 1st year, and '7' for 2nd year courses), the middle numbers
indicates module code number in the program (01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08), the last number
indicates order of the course within the module.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 10
8. List of Modules, Courses and their Status
Module Code: ApctM6011
Module Name: Bee Biology and Queen Rearing
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS L L/P T HS
Biology of Tropical Bees Apct6011 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Bee Breeding and Queen Rearing Apct6012 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Total 10
Module Code: ApctM6021
Module Name:: Bee Plants and Pollination
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS L L/P T HS
Botany of Bee Flora Apct6021 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 44 4
Bee, Bee Ecology, Pollination and Natural Resources
Conservation Apct6022
Compulsory
1(1+0) 32 0 0 76 4
Total 8
Module Code: ApctM6031
Module Name:: Colony Management
Course Title
Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS L L/P T HS
Honeybee Colony Management Apct6031 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Total 5
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 11
Module Code: ApctM6041
Module Name: Bee Health
Course title
Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS L L/P T HS
Bee Pests and Diseases Apct6041 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Bee Toxicology Apct6042 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 49 3
Total 8
Module Code: ApctM6051
Module Name: Bee Products and Economics
Course Title
Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS L L/P T HS
Bee Products Processing and Handling Apct6051 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Marketing and Trade of Bee Products Apct6052 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 76 4
Total 9
Module Code: ApctM6061
Module Name: Meliponiculture and Sericulture
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS L L/P T HS
Biology and Management of Stingless Bees Apct6061 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 76 4
Sericulture Apct6062 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Total 9
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 12
Module Code: ApctM6071
Module Name: Livestock Production
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS L L/P T HS
Livestock Production Systems Apct6071 Compulsory 2 (2+0) 32 0 16 87 5
Total 5
Module Code: ApctM6081
Module Name: Research Tools
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS L L/P T HS
Advanced Biometry Apct6081 Compulsory 3 (2+1) 32 32 0 71 5
Seminars in Apiculture Apct7082 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 0 32 0 76 4
M.Sc. Thesis Apct7083 Compulsory 6 (0 +6) 0 0 16 794 30
Total 39
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 13
9. Module/ Course Breakdown 9.1 Regular program
Semester 1 Year 1
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
Biology of Tropical Bees Apct6011 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5 1-8
Honeybee Colony Management Apct6031 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5 1-16
Botany of Bee Flora Apct6021 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 44 4 1-8
Bee, Bee Ecology, Pollination and Natural Resources
Conservation Apct6022
Compulsory
1(1+0) 32 0 0 76 4
9-16
Livestock Production Systems Apct6071 Compulsory 2 (2+0) 48 0 0 87 5 1-16
Advanced Biometry Apct6081 Compulsory 3 (2+1) 32 32 0 71 5 1-16
28
Semester 2 Year 1
Course Title
Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
Bee Breeding and Queen Rearing Apct6012 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5 9-16
Bee Pests and Diseases Apct6041 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5 1-16
Bee Toxicology Apct6042 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 49 3 1-16
Bee Products Processing and Handling Apct6051 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5 1-8
Marketing and Trade of Bee Products Apct6052 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 76 4 9-16
Biology and Management of Stingless Bees Apct6061 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 76 4 1-16
Sericulture Apct6062 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5 1-16
31
* Students are expected to write and defend their research proposal in Year 1, Semester- 2
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 14
Semester 1 Year 2
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
Seminars in Apiculture Apct7082 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 0 32 0 76 4 1-4
M.Sc. Thesis Apct7083
Compulsory
6 (0 +6) 0 0 16 794 30
Two
semesters
Total 34
Semester 2 Year 2
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
M.Sc. Thesis Apct7083
Compulsory
6 (0 +6) 0 0 16 794 30
Two
semesters
Total 30
* Continuation from Year 2, Semester-1
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 15
9.2 Summer program
Summer 1 Year 1
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
Biology of Tropical Bees Apct6011 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5 1-8
Bee Breeding and Queen Rearing Apct6012 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5 9-16
Botany of Bee Flora Apct6021 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 44 4 1-8
Advanced Biometry Apct6081 Compulsory 3 (2+1) 32 32 0 71 5 1-16
19
Year 1 Distance 1
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
Bee, Bee Ecology, Pollination and Natural Resources
Conservation Apct6022
Compulsory
1(1+0) 32 0 0 76 4
Livestock Production Systems Apct6071 Compulsory 2 (2+0) 32 0 16 87 5
Biology and Management of Stingless Bees Apct6061 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 76 4
Sericulture Apct6062 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
18
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 16
Summer 2 Year 2
Course Title
Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
Honeybee Colony Management Apct6031 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Bee Pests and Diseases Apct6041 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Bee Toxicology Apct6042 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 49 3
Bee Products Processing and Handling Apct6051 Compulsory 2 (1+3) 32 32 0 71 5
Marketing and Trade of Bee Products Apct6052 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 32 0 0 76 4
22
* Students are expected to write and defend their research proposal in Year 1, Semester- 2
Distance 2 Year 2
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
Seminars in Apiculture Apct7082 Compulsory 1 (1+0) 0 32 0 76 4
M.Sc. Thesis Apct7083 Compulsory 6 (0 +6) 0 0 16 794 30 Two semesters
Total 34
Sumer 3 Year 3
Course Title Course Code
Status
Cr. Hr
Contact Hours
CP/ECTS
L L/P T HS
M.Sc. Thesis Apct7083 Compulsory 6 (0 +6) 0 0 16 794 30 Two semester
Total 30
* Continuation from Year 2, Semester-1
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 17
10. Resources
10.1 Staff profile
The department of Animal production and Technology is staffed with highly qualified
teachers who are offering graduate degree program in Animal Production, Animal genetics
and Breeding. For inter Program courses, there are
Table 1. Staff profile
No Name Qualification Academic rank Area of research/Field of Study
1 Zeleke Mekuriaw PhD Ass. Professor Reproductive Physiology
2 Firew Tegegne PhD Ast. Professor Animal Nutrition
3 Kefyalew
Alemayehu
PhD Ast. Professor Animal Genetics and Breeding
4 Yeshambel Mekuriaw
PhD Ast. Professor Animal Nutrition
5 Mussie H/Melekot DVM-MSc Ast. Professor Tropical Animal Health
6 Hailu Mazengia DVM-MSc Ast. Professor Tropical Vet. Pathology
7 Getinet Mekuriaw MSc Ast. Professor,
PhD student
Animal Genetics and Breeding
8 Asaminew Tassew MSc Ast. Professor, PhD student
Tropical Animal Production
9 Bimrew Asmare MSc PhD student Animal Nutrition
10 Mengistie Taye MSc Lecturer Animal Production
11 Fentahun Mihret BSc MSc student Animal Science
12 Hirut Geremew BSc MSc student Animal Science
13 Damte Kebede MSc Lecturer Animal Science
14 Belay Zeleke Dip TA Animal Science
15 Dlip PhD(Expatriate) Ast. Professor Molecular Genetics
16 Laiju Sam PhD(Expatriate) Ast. Professor Microbiology
17 Tessema Aynalem MSc Lecturer Animal production
18 Belayneh Ayele* PhD Ast. Professor Natural Resources Management
19 Melaku Wale * PhD Ast. Professor Entomology
20 Adane Tesfaye* MSc PhD student Entomology
21 Amssalu Bezabih**
PhD Senior Researcher
Bee Biology
22 Dessalegn Begna**
PhD Senior Researcher
Bee Biology
23 Kerealem Ejigu*** MSc Researcher General Beekeeping
24 Abebe Jembrie*** MSc Researcher, PhD student
General Beekeeping
25 Tilahun Gibey**** MSc Researcher General Beekeeping * Associate staffs at different programs of Bahir Dar University; ** Staffs of Holeta Bee Research Center; *** Staffs on ARARI; **** Bees for Development Ethiopia, Bahir Dar
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 18
10.2 Existing physical resources and infrastructure
Internet access: The University is networked with broadband internet connection and has its
own web site.
Apiary/bee farm and laboratory: The program has a plan to establish apiary and laboratory.
Class room and office: The program has class rooms and office at Zenzelima campus of the
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences.
Library: The program shares library with others programs in the College of Agriculture and
Environmental Sciences.
11. Partnerships / Cooperation
The program has regional, national and international connection and recognition. Regionally,
the program closely works with Amhara Region Agriculture Research Institute, Amhara
Region Bureau of Agriculture, Amhara Region, Livestock Development and Promotion
Agency and nationally, including Ministry of Agriculture, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural
Research, Holeta Bee Research Center, and with several national and international
Universities and NGOs.
12. Quality Assurance Mechanism
The Program of Animal Production and Technology has Department Graduate Council
(DGC) which follows up and evaluates the training quality at program and course levels. To
control the quality of post-graduate studies undertakings per se, DGC of Animal Production
and Technology will set evaluation approaches such as open discussion about the courses,
their relevance and betterment, evaluation of instructors by students after each course
completion and their considerations, and finally evaluation of the whole program by DGC
every year for possible actions of improvement. Feedback will be collected when part-time
staffs deliver courses. Moreover, alumni and employer feedback survey, and external
evaluation and auditing of the program will be performed.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 19
13. Annexes
Appendix 1: Module Handbook
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
M.Sc. in Apiculture
Module Name Bee Biology and Queen Rearing
Module Code ApctM6011
Total ECTS of the
module
10
Objective of the
module
The objectives of the module are:
To introduce students with the biology of honeybees;
To acquaint students’ about breeding of bee colonies;
To equip with the theory and practices of colony multiplication (queen rearing);
Courses in the Module
Course Code Course Title Credit
Hours
ECTS (CP)
Apct6011 Biology of Tropical Bees 2(1+3) 5
Apct6012 Bee Breeding and Queen Rearing 2 (1+3) 5
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 20
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
M.Sc. in Apiculture
Module Name Bee Plants and Pollination
Module Code ApctM6021
Total ECTS of the
module
8
Objective of the
module
The objectives of the module are:
To introduce students with the type of flora used for honey bee;
To acquaint students’ about the techniques identification of flora used
for honeybee;
To understand the role of beekeeping for pollination and natural
resources conservation ;
To equip with the practices of integrating beekeeping with crop
production and natural resources conservation activities;
Courses in the Module
Course Code Course Title Credit
Hours
ECTS (CP)
Apct6021 Botany of Bee Flora 2 (2+0) 4
Apct6022 Bee, Bee Ecology, Pollination and
Natural Resources Conservation
1 (1+0) 4
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 21
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
M.Sc. in Apiculture
Module Name Colony Management
Module Code ApctM6031
Total ECTS of the
module
5
Objective of the
module
The objectives of the module are:
To introduce students with the use of beekeeping as a tool in alleviation
of poverty and natural recourse conservation;
To understand current status of beekeeping, opportunities & challenges
of their production and management in Ethiopia;
To understand the beehives and accessories used for beekeeping;
To equip with the practices of constructing bee hives from locally
available materials;
To acquaint students’ about management of bee colonies and how to
start their own business in beekeeping;
Courses in the Module
Course Code Course Title Credit
Hours
ECTS (CP)
Apct6031 Honeybee Colony Management 2 (1+3) 5
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 22
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
M.Sc. in Apiculture
Module Name Bee Health
Module Code ApctM6041
Total ECTS of the
module
8
Objective of the
module
The objectives of the module are:
To introduce students with the predators and pests of honeybee and its
management practices;
To understand the honeybee diseases and its management practices;
To understand the effect of poisoning on honeybee and its prevention
strategies ;
To equip with the practices of identification of honeybee diseases and
poisoning;
Courses in the Module
Course Code Course Title Credit
Hours
ECTS (CP)
Apct6041 Bee Pests and Diseases 2 (1+3) 5
Apct6042 Bee Toxicology 2 (1+0) 3
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 23
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
M.Sc. in Apiculture
Module Name Bee Products and Economics
Module Code ApctM6051
Total ECTS of the
module
9
Objective of the
module
The objectives of the module are:
To know the types of bee products;
To equip with the of identification of composition and properties of
bee products;
To understand the uses of bee products; production, processing and packaging of bee products;
To develop understanding on the economics of honey production and other products; economics of pollination; and
To acquaint students’ about type the possibilities of diversifications/ value addition of bee products.
Courses in the Module
Course Number Course Name Credit
Hours
ECTS (CP)
Apct6051 Bee Products Processing and Handling 2 (1+3) 5
Apct6052 Marketing and Trade of Bee Products 1 (1+0) 4
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 24
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
M.Sc. in Apiculture
Module Name Meliponiculture and Sericulture
Module Code ApctM6061
Total ECTS of the
module
9
Objective of the
module
The objectives of the module are:
To understand the possible role of stingless bees in honey production and
indigenous plants pollination services;
To understand the phylogeny and classification of local stingless bee
species;
To understand the distribution and behavior of stingless bee;
To create possible ways of taming stingless bees with equipping the
techniques of their products harvesting, processing and packing;
To understand about silkworm rearing technology, silkworm physiology
and nutrition, silkworm breeding and genetics;
To equip the skill to mulberry production and silkworm rearing
management, mulberry and silkworm pest management, mulberry
breeding and cultivation; and
To understand the sericulture development & extension.
Courses in the Module
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours ECTS (CP)
Apct6061 Biology and Management of Stingless Bees 1 (1+0) 4
Apct6062 Sericulture 2(1+3) 5
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 25
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
M.Sc. in Apiculture
Module Name Livestock Production
Module Code ApctM6071
Total ECTS of the
module
5
Objective of the
module
The objectives of the module are:
Know the livestock production systems in Ethiopia;
Understand the livestock species kept in different production
systems and purpose of keeping;
Understand the livestock feed resources and feeding practices in
Ethiopia;
Understand the challenges and future of livestock production in
Ethiopia; and
Appreciate the ways of integrating beekeeping with livestock
farming.
Courses in the Module
Course Code Course Title Credit
Hours
ECTS (CP)
Apct6071 Livestock Production Systems 2 (2+0) 5
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 26
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
M.Sc. in Apiculture
Module Name Research Tools
Module Code ApctM6081
Total ECTS of the
module
39
Objective of the
module
The objectives of the module are:
To introduce students the importance of scientific experiments and
research, basic concepts in scientific data collection, organization,
analyzing, evaluation, reporting and defending; and
It enables students to produce ideas for research, carry out
scientific research and reporting.
Courses in the Module
Course Code Course Title Credit
Hours
ECTS (CP)
Apct6081 Advanced Biometry
3 (2+3) 5
Apct7082 Seminars in Apiculture 1 (1+0) 4
Apct7083 M.Sc. Thesis 6 (6+0) 30
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 27
Appendix 2: Course Guidebook
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Biology of Tropical Bees
Course Code Apct6011
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Bee Biology and Queen Rearing
Module Code ApctM6011
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
5
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 32 71 5
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 1
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 28
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course is a basic course which equips students with the evolutionary history of bees,
their lifecycle, cast differentiation, mating, colony organization, Anatomy, physiology,
communication, nest construction, foraging behavior, defensive behavior and sting reaction,
African, Ethiopian and European honeybees differences, Mobility (swarming, migration and
absconding and control methods and factors).
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Know the origin, geographical distribution, and characteristics of honey bees;
Understand the evolution and geographical history of honeybees, honeybee species,
races of honey bees;
Discuss the life history of the honey bee colony;
Understand the anatomy and physiology of honeybees;
Understand the caste development and differentiation; and
Appreciate the means of communication in honeybees.
Course Contents
Conceptual Focus Readings
1. Introduction
What is apiculture?
What is beekeeping?
Evolutionary history of bees
CTA (1988).
CTA (2006). Eva Crane, 1990.
2. Species and races of honeybee
Taxonomic classification of honeybees
Species of honeybees
Races of honeybees
Honeybee races of Ethiopian (A. mellifera races)
Differences between tropical and temperate zone races of honeybees
CTA (1988).
CTA (2006). Eva Crane, 1990.
3. Castes and life cycle of honeybee CTA (2006).
Eva Crane, 1990.
4. Anatomy and physiology of honeybees 4.1 The external anatomy 4.2 The internal anatomy and physiology
CTA (1988).
CTA (2006).
Eva Crane, 1990.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 29
5. Social Organizations of honeybees
CTA (2006). Eva Crane, 1990.
6 Communications in honeybees
6.1 Primary dances associated with food location
6.2 Direction communication
6.3 Other dances
CTA (1988).
CTA (2006). Eva Crane, 1990.
PRACTICAL/LABORATORY
Study the external and internal feature of the honeybees, differentiate the worker, queen and
drone on the similarities and differences and study the architecture of Apis mellifera comb.
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, discussion, laboratory activities,
questioning and answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works and
presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Practical report
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 30
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participant s
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
Amssalu Bezabeh, 2002. Multivariate morphometric analysis and behaviour of
Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Southern Regions of Ethiopia. Ph.D dissertation. Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, South
Africa. 332p. CTA (1988). Beekeeping in the Tropics. Agrodok Series no. 32. Agromisa, Wageningen,
The Netherlands.
CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk
Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992. Suitability Classification in Apiculture
Development, MOA. Peace Training Manual (1997). Beekeeping for Beginners. UK.
Segren, 1977. Tropical Beekeeping: A Handbook on Beekeeping for Beginners. UK.
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 31
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Bee Breeding and Queen Rearing
Course Code Apct6012
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Bee Biology and Queen Rearing
Module Code ApctM6011
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
5
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 32 71 5
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 1
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 32
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Methods of differentiation of honeybee races (Morphometric, Alloenzym, Pheromones and
Molecular), Distinct characters of African honeybees, African honeybee races and
geographical distribution, Genetics of the honeybee; communicating pedigrees; stock
propagation and maintenance; stock improvements; selection methods; breeding methods;
importance of queen rearing; types of queen rearing; methods of artificial queen rearing;
producing package bees and queen storage; types of packages; artificial insemination; pre and
post insemination care.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Understand the genetics of the honeybee;
Discuss the selection and breeding methods;
Understand the importance of queen rearing;
Acquainted with the different methods of queen rearing; and
Appreciate the uses of artificial insemination in honeybee.
Course Contents
Content Reading
1. Methods of differentiation of honeybee races
Distinct characters of African honeybees,
African honeybee races and geographical distribution
Problems with the introduction of exotic bee species and
races
The conservation of indigenous honeybee species and races
Eva Crane, 1990
Segren, 1977
2. Genetics of the honeybee Eva Crane, 1990
Segren, 1977
3. Communicating pedigrees Eva Crane, 1990
Segren, 1977
4. Stock propagation and maintenance (controlled mating, -germplasm storage, -mutations, -gene pool)
Eva Crane, 1990
Segren, 1977
5. Stock improvements Eva Crane, 1990
6. Selection methods (-describing the desired stock, -measuring superior breeding stock)
Eva Crane, 1990
Segren, 1977
7 Breeding methods
Line-breeding
Eva Crane, 1990
Segren, 1977
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 33
Hybrid breeding
8. Importance of queen rearing
Good types of queen are
Others suggested that, the breeder queen should be selected
from:
Eva Crane, 1990
9. Types of queen rearing
Natural queen rearing
Artificial queen rearing
Selecting colonies for queen rearing
Eva Crane, 1990
10. Methods of artificial queen rearing
Splitting method
The miller method
Overcrowding
Commercial method of queen rearing
Grafting method
Procedures of grafting method
The larva for grafting can be selected
as follows
Eva Crane, 1990
Segren, 1977
11. Producing package bees and queen storage
Types of packages
Artificial insemination
Pre insemination care:
Post insemination care
Eva Crane, 1990
Segren, 1977
PRACTICAL/LABORATORY
Methods of differentiation of honeybee races (Morphometric, Alloenzym, Pheromones and
Molecular), practical on the different techniques of queen rearing. Visit to apiary.
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, laboratory practical activities,
discussion, questioning and answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works
and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 34
Group presentation
Practical report
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
CTA (1988). Beekeeping in the Tropics. Agrodok Series no. 32. Agromisa, Wageningen,
The Netherlands. CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya
David Cramp, 2008. A practical manual of beekeeping Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992. Suitability Classification in Apiculture
Development, MOA. Peace Training Manual (1997). Beekeeping for Beginners. UK.
Segren, 1977. Tropical Beekeeping: A Handbook on Beekeeping for Beginners. UK. Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 35
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Botany of Bee Flora
Course Code Apct6021
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Bee Plants and Pollination
Module Code ApctM6021
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
4
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 32 44 4
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 1
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 36
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Categories of honey plants: dominant, minor honey plants, herbaceous, shrubs and trees,
horticultural and forage plants, Relationship between insects and plants, Characteristics of
honeybee visited plants, Honeybee floral in Ethiopia, Establishing floral calendar, Factors
affecting pollen and nectar secretion, chemical composition of pollen and nectar, Time
preference to collect pollen and nectar, screening and multiplication of dominant honeybee
plants, Uses of enclosed areas for beekeeping, Methods of determining the cover abundance
and density of honeybee plant species, Apiary selection and determination of vegetation
coverage of apiary, Melissopalynology analysis.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Know the types of bee flora;
Understand the most important bee plants found in Ethiopia, their approximate
distribution and blooming period; and
Understand the important factors used in identification of good locations/sites for
colonies, based on proximity to good honey flora.
Course Contents Readings
1. Introduction
1.1 Apiary site selection
Natural vegetation
Fresh water
Presence of native honeybees
Weather condition
Altitude
Chemical poisoning and pollution
Disease, pests and predators 1.2 Additional consideration for apiary improvement
Making shade
Drainage condition
Planting trees for the bees
Reichard Fichtl and
Admassu Addi, 1994.
CTA (2006).
2. Recognizing plant and bee relationship
Benefit of plants to bees
Benefit of plants to the environment
Bee attraction plants
Reichard Fichtl and
Admassu Addi, 1994.
CTA (2006).
3. Characteristics of bee visited plants Reichard Fichtl and
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 37
Flower position
Flower color
Flower
High sugar rate
Size and nature of pollen grain
Time of the day and activity of honeybees
Admassu Addi, 1994.
CTA (2006).
4. Identification of plants, which benefit Honeybees
Pollen yielder
Nectar yielder
Pollen and nectar yielder
Propolis source
Reichard Fichtl and
Admassu Addi, 1994.
CTA (2006).
5. Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia
Reichard Fichtl and
Admassu Addi, 1994.
PRACTICAL/LABORATORY
Apiary selection and determination of vegetation coverage of apiary, Analysis of the
chemical composition of pollen and nectar, Melissopalynology analysis.
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, discussion, laboratory activities
questioning and answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works and
presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Mid exam
Final exam
Practical report
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 38
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya David Cramp, 2008. A practical manual of beekeeping
Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992. Suitability Classification in Apiculture
Development, MOA.
FAO, 2004. Beekeeping and sustainable livelihoods FAO, 2009. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: A guide to the services provided by bees
and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products FAO, 2012. Beekeeping and sustainable livelihoods. Diversification booklet number 1, second edition
Reinhard Fichtl and Admassu Addi, 1994. The book of honeybee flora of Ethiopia Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 39
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Bee, Bee Ecology, Pollination and Natural Resources Conservation
Course Code Apct6022
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Bee Plants and Pollination
Module Code ApctM6021
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
4
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - - 76 4
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 1
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 40
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The role of honeybees in nature, Pollination, Characteristics of insect pollinated plants, The
role of honeybees in the pollination of crops and natural conservation, biodiversity, farm
productivity and household livelihoods, why honeybee colonies are the efficient pollinator,
Environmental factors affecting the honeybee pollination services, Managing honeybee
colonies for pollination, Methods of inducing honeybee colony to collect pollen, Integration
of Honeybee colonies with agro-forestry and natural conservation, Uses of enclosed areas for
beekeeping, Migratory beekeeping, Honeybees as hazard indicators, Hiring honeybee
colonies for crop pollination, Develop an agreement between crop growers and beekeepers
for pollination services, Method of assessing yield increment due to honeybee pollination
services.
Course Objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Understand the role of honeybees in the pollination of many crops and trees;
Discuss the benefit of beekeeping industry from adoption of best practice in
pollination service;
Understand the impact of beekeeping on management and conservation of forests; and
Understand the possibilities of integrating beekeeping with agriculture and natural
resources conservation practices.
Course Contents Readings
1. The importance of bees in nature
Bees as part of ecosystems
What is pollination?
The pollination work of bees
Specialized pollination
Bees are good for trees and trees are good for bees
Bees and biodiversity
David Cramp, 2008. Eva, Crane, 1990.
FAO, 2004. FAO, 2009. FAO, 2012.
2. The value of bees for crop pollination
Bee pollination gives better quality and quantity of harvest
Where to place hives for pollination
David Cramp, 2008. Eva, Crane, 1990.
FAO, 2004. FAO, 2009.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 41
Why honeybees often are the most important crop pollinators
How to see if a crop is adequately pollinated
3. The impact of beekeeping on management and conservation of
forests
The impact of honey hunters and beekeepers on forests
Bees add to the value of trees and forests
Biodiversity and wildlife
David Cramp, 2008. Eva, Crane, 1990.
FAO, 2004. FAO, 2012.
4. Integrating beekeeping with agro-forestry and environmental protection
The past and current situations in Ethiopia
What to be done in the future?
Journal articles Reinhard Fichtl and
Admassu Addi, 1994.
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, discussion, questioning and
answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 42
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya David Cramp, 2008. A practical manual of beekeeping
Eva, Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping FAO, 2004. Beekeeping and sustainable livelihoods
FAO, 2009. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: A guide to the services provided by bees
and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products FAO, 2012. Beekeeping and sustainable livelihoods. Diversification booklet number 1, second edition
Reinhard Fichtl and Admassu Addi, 1994. The book of honeybee flora of Ethiopia
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 43
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Honeybee Colony Management
Course Code Apct6031
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Colony Management
Module Code ApctM6031
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
5
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 32 71 5
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 1
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 44
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Importance of beekeeping, Beekeeping production systems, potential, Strategies to boost the
honey and bees wax production and other honeybee products, Types of apiaries (Individuals,
Development project, Demonstration, Research and Commercial apiaries), Apiary for
organic honey and beeswax production, Apiary site management, stocking honey bee
colonies into box and KTB hives, Follow up, External and internal inspection procedures,
synchronization of honeybee colony development with local floral calendar, seasonal
honeybee colony management(active period : (supering, insertion of queen excluder, swarm
control, honey cropping) and dearth period: (Reducing Supers, Feeding, Uniting weak
colonies, prevention of absconding and migration ), Storage and extraction rooms and
locations.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Know the history of beekeeping;
Understand the role of beekeeping for the country;
Discuss the systems of beekeeping in Ethiopia;
Understand the beekeeping equipments and accessories;
Acquire the basic skills and knowledge for the design and construction of beekeeping
equipments and accessories from locally available materials;
Understand on how to start beekeeping;
Understand the technique of hive inspection;
Understand how to prevent, control and capture swarms;
Understand the methods of strengthening honeybee colonies; and
Acquire the techniques for successful re-queen.
Course Contents
1. History of beekeeping in Ethiopia David Cramp, 2008. Eva Crane, 1990.
Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne
T., 1992.
2. Systems of beekeeping in Ethiopia Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne
T., 1992.
3. The importance of apiculture for rural livelihoods
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 45
3.1 Creating a livelihood from beekeeping
3.2 Livelihood strategies involving bees
3.3 Apiculture’s role in poverty alleviation
4. Beehives and Other Accessories David Cramp, 2008. Eva Crane, 1990.
Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne
T., 1992.
4.1. Beehives
4.1. 1Traditional Hive
4.1.2 Transitional Hive
4.1.3 Modern Hive
4.2. Ancillary Equipments
4.3. Protective Clothing
5. How to start beekeeping? David Cramp, 2008.
Eva Crane, 1990. Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne
T., 1992.
Buying bees
Catching a swarm with a bait hive
Capturing / trapping swarms
6. Transferring bee colonies David Cramp, 2008. Eva Crane, 1990. Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne
T., 1992.
CTA (2006).
David Cramp, 2008
Necessary preparations for transferring bee colonies
Ways of transferring
Procedures of Transferring and some requirements to
be taken
Season (time) of transferring
Follow up after transferring
7. Colony inspections
External colony inspection
Internal hive inspection
Procedures for internal hive inspection
8. Seasonal colony management
8.1 Essential of seasonal colony management
Supering the hives
Rule and time of supering
Ways of supering
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 46
Harvesting the crop (honey yield)
8.2 Colony management after honey harvest CTA (2006).
David Cramp, 2008
Reducing supers
Feeding and managing weak colonies
Why we feed honeybees?
Stimulative feeding
Manipulative (replacement) feeding
Supplementary (emergency) feeding
What to feed honeybees
8.3 Uniting honeybee colonies
Methods of uniting
Feeding and managing weak colonies
9 Swarming, migration and absconding of colonies CTA (2006).
David Cramp, 2008
9.1 Swarming
When does the swarming occur?
`How does the swarming begin?
Indicators for swarming
Causes of swarming
Control method of swarming
Other methods used to halt swarming
9.2 Absconding
9.3 Migration
10. Development of beekeeping projects
PRACTICAL/LABORATORY
Identification and understand the hive type and others accessories; design and construction of
bee hives and accessories using different materials. Visit to apiary, beekeeping equipments
and accessories supplies organizations, local carpenters and agricultural machinery
development organizations. Apiary establishment, placing of bee hives, perform the various
colony management practices. Visit to research centers and farmers apiary and discuss issues.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 47
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, laboratory practical activities,
discussion, questioning and answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works
and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Practical report
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
CTA (1988). Beekeeping in the Tropics. Agrodok Series no. 32. Agromisa, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
CTA (2005). Bee products: Properties, Processing and marketing. Agrodok Series no. 42. Agromisa, Wageningen, The Netherlands
CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 48
David Cramp, 2008. A practical manual of beekeeping
Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk
Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992. Suitability Classification in Apiculture
Development, MOA.
Peace Training Manual (1997). Beekeeping for Beginners. UK. Segren, 1977. Tropical Beekeeping: A Handbook on Beekeeping for Beginners. UK.
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 49
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Bee Pests and Diseases
Course Code Apct6041
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Bee Health
Module Code ApctM6041
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
5
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 32 71 5
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 2
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 50
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Causative agents of honeybee diseases: Bacteria, Fungus, Protozoa, Virus, Parasitic mites,
transmit ion, Clinical symptoms, field and laboratory diagnosis, Sampling techniques,
incidence and prevalence of the infections, Geographical distribution, Economic importance
of the diseases, Methods of monitoring and controlling the diseases, Pests and predators
found in Ethiopia and other worlds, Methods of identification, diagnostic survey, Effects of
these enemies on honeybees and honeybee products, Seasonal dynamics of the pests,
geographical distribution, IPMS, and control.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Know the types of bee diseases and its mode of transmission;
Understand the prevention and control of various bee diseases;
Understand the honeybee predators and its management strategies; and
Understand the honeybee pests and its management strategies.
Course Contents
1. Bee Diseases
1.1 Disease Transmission 1.2 Bee Diseases
Brood Diseases
Adult Bee Diseases
The Mite Diseases
1.3 World Distribution of Bee Diseases 1.4 Distribution of Bee Diseases in Ethiopia
CTA (2006).
David Cramp, 2008. Eva Crane, 1990.
Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992.
2. Predators of bee
CTA (2006). David Cramp, 2008.
Eva Crane, 1990. Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992.
3. Pests of bee 3.1 World distribution of pests
3.2 Distribution of pests in Ethiopia
CTA (2006). David Cramp, 2008.
Eva Crane, 1990. Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992.
PRACTICAL/LABORATORY
Practical on the techniques of honeybee diseases identifications and control strategies,
prevention and control for honeybee pests and predators.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 51
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, laboratory practical activities,
discussion, questioning and answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works
and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Practical report
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
CTA (1988). Beekeeping in the Tropics. Agrodok Series no. 32. Agromisa, Wageningen,
The Netherlands. CTA (2005). Bee products: Properties, Processing and marketing. Agrodok Series no.
42. Agromisa, Wageningen, The Netherlands
CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 52
David Cramp, 2008. A practical manual of beekeeping
Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992. Suitability Classification in Apiculture
Development, MOA. Peace Training Manual (1997). Beekeeping for Beginners. UK. Segren, 1977. Tropical Beekeeping: A Handbook on Beekeeping for Beginners. UK.
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 53
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Bee Toxicology
Course Code Apct6042
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Bee Health
Module Code ApctM6041
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
3
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - - 49 3
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 2
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 54
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Insecticides, Mode of application, categories of insecticides, Methods to identify degree of
toxicity, Toxicity test, Effects of pesticides on honeybees, products and pollination, clinical
symptoms of pesticide poisoning, factors aggravating honeybee poisoning, Poisonous nectar
and pollen source plants in Ethiopia and world, methods of minimizing the poisoning, bees as
indicator of environmental hazards, and plant poisoning.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Understand the different chemicals used to control pests and weeds of various crop;
Know the harmful effects of pesticides against honeybees;
Understand the mechanisms of pprotecting honeybees from pesticides; and
Understand the plant poisoning.
Course Contents
1. Honeybee poisoning
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp75-79
2. Pesticides and herbicides poisoning in honeybees
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp75-79
3. Toxicity level of poisoning
Hazardous
Moderately hazardous
Less hazardous insecticides
Relatively non- hazardous
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp75-79
4. Causes of poisoning
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp75-79
5. Symptoms of bee poisoning
6. Management of bee poisoning
6.1 Cooperation between farmers and beekeepers 6.2 Beekeeping and integrated pest management
6.3 Beekeeping and integrated weed management
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp75-79
7. Plant poisoning
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 55
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, discussion, questioning and
answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
CTA (1988). Beekeeping in the Tropics. Agrodok Series no. 32. Agromisa, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
CTA (2005). Bee products: Properties, Processing and marketing. Agrodok Series no. 42. Agromisa, Wageningen, The Netherlands
CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya
David Cramp, 2008. A practical manual of beekeeping
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 56
Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk
FAO, 2009. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: A guide to the services provided by bees
and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992. Suitability Classification in Apiculture
Development, MOA.
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 57
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Bee Products Processing and Handling
Course Code Apct6051
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Bee Products and Economics
Module Code ApctM6051
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
5
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 32 71 5
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 2
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 58
COURSE DESCRIPTION
List the types of bee products; composition and properties of bee products; uses of bee
products; production, processing and packaging of bee products; quality and regulation of bee
products; learn the possibilities of diversifications of bee products (value added products),
nutritional and medicinal values, residue monitoring, methods of quality analysis of the
honey and beeswax, pre conditions to produce organic honeybee products, traceability of the
products, HACCP, and honey processing plants.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Know the types of bee products;
Understand the composition and properties of bee products;
Discuss the uses of bee products; production, processing and packaging of bee
products;
Understand the quality aspects and regulation of bee products;
Understand the possibilities of diversifications of bee products; and
Appreciate the uses of bee products in the industry.
Course Contents
1. Honey production and processing
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of honey
1.3 Composition and properties of honey
1.4 Uses of honey
1.5. Harvesting and extraction of honey
1.6 Processing and packaging
1.7 Quality and regulation
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
2. Wax productions and processing
2.1 Physiological basis of wax production
2.2 Composition and properties of beeswax
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp 103-111
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 59
2.3 Uses of beeswax
2.4 Harvesting and processing of beeswax
2.5 Quality and regulation
3. Pollen productions
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Composition and properties of pollen
3.3 Uses of pollen
3.4 Pollen production
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp 113
4. Propolis productions
4.1. Basics of propolis production
4.2 Composition and properties of propolis
4.3 Uses of propolis
4.4 Harvesting and processing of propolis
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp 113
5. Royal jelly production
5.1 Physiological basis of production
5.2 Composition and properties of royal jelly
5.3 Uses of royal jelly
5.4 Production and processing of royal jelly
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp 113
6. Bee venom
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Composition and properties of bee venom
6.3 Uses of bee venom
6.4 Production and preparation of bee venom
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
7. Value-added products from beekeeping
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
8. Organic honeybee products and HACCP
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 60
PRACTICAL/LABORATORY
Honey harvesting, extraction & processing, moisture, HMF and others quality measurement
of honey, organoleptical quality of honeys, Ethiopian Standards-Honey specifications; Wax
extraction and processing, wax quality determinations, Ethiopian Standards-Beeswax
specifications; Residue monitoring; Pollen trapping techniques and analysis; Harvesting of
propolis; Harvesting of royal jelly; Excursion (visit).
Mode of Delivery The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, laboratory practical activities,
discussion, questioning and answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works
and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Practical report
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 61
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
CTA (1988). Beekeeping in the Tropics. Agrodok Series no. 32. Agromisa, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
CTA (2005). Bee products: Properties, Processing and marketing. Agrodok Series no. 42. Agromisa, Wageningen, The Netherlands
CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya
David Cramp, 2008. A practical manual of beekeeping
Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk
FAO, 1998. Value-added products from beekeeping
FAO, 2009. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: A guide to the services provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products
Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992. Suitability Classification in Apiculture Development, MOA.
Peace Training Manual (1997). Beekeeping for Beginners. UK. Segren, 1977. Tropical Beekeeping: A Handbook on Beekeeping for Beginners. UK.
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 62
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Marketing and Trade of Bee Products
Course Code Apct6052
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Bee Products and Economics
Module Code ApctM6051
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
4
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - - 76 4
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 2
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 63
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Introduction to marketing, market information system and market research, types of products,
local marketing, pricing, product standards and certification including standard certification,
organic certification, and fair trade certification, export, world honey and beeswax trade,
honey and beeswax trade in Ethiopia.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Understand the market information system and market research;
Discuss the types of products in relation to marketing;
Understand the quality aspects and regulation of bee products for market;
Understand the local marketing, pricing, product standards and certification; and
Discuss the honey and beeswax trade in the world and Ethiopia.
Course Contents
1. 1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of honey
1.3 Composition and properties of honey
1.4 Uses of honey
1.5. Harvesting and extraction of honey
1.6 Processing and packaging
1.7 Quality and regulation
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
2. Market information system and market research
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp 103-111
3.Types of bee products
Primary products
Derived products
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp 113
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 64
4. Local marketing
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp 113
5. Pricing
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
Nicola Bradbear 2009, pp 113
6. Product standards and certification
6.1 Certification
Standard certification
Organic certification
Fair trade certification
6.2 Export
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
7. Honey trade
7.1 Honey trade requirements
Fair trade honey
World honey trade
Export marketing of honey
Payment methods and delivery terms
7.2 Honey trade in Ethiopia
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
8. Beeswax trade
8.1 Beeswax trade requirements 8.2 Beeswax trade in Ethiopia
CTA (2005) Agrodok Series no. 42; pp: 21-28 CTA (2006): pp. 91-105
9. Organizations of beekeepers into groups for marketing
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, discussion, questioning and
answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 65
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
CTA (1988). Beekeeping in the Tropics. Agrodok Series no. 32. Agromisa, Wageningen,
The Netherlands. CTA (2005). Bee products: Properties, Processing and marketing. Agrodok Series no.
42. Agromisa, Wageningen, The Netherlands
CTA (2006). Beekeeping in the Tropical Agriculturalists. Nairobi, Kenya
David Cramp, 2008. A practical manual of beekeeping Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk
FAO, 1998. Value-added products from beekeeping
FAO, 2009. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: A guide to the services provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 66
Kassaye, A., and Gezahegne T., 1992. Suitability Classification in Apiculture Development, MOA.
Nicola Bradbear, 2009. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods. A guide to the service provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting , processing and marketing of
their products. Peace Training Manual (1997). Beekeeping for Beginners. UK.
Segren, 1977. Tropical Beekeeping: A Handbook on Beekeeping for Beginners. UK.
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 67
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Biology and Management of Stingless Bees
Course Code Apct6061
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Meliponiculture and Sericulture
Module Code ApctM6061
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
4
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - - 76 4
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 2
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 68
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The role of stingless bee, stingless bees’ phylogeny and classification, distribution of
stingless bees, nesting sites, nest entrance and nest architecture, nest defense, division of
labor, provisioning and oviposition, foraging, stingless bees products processing, handling
and marketing.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Understand the possible role of stingless bees for the economy and other services;
Understand the phylogeny and classification of stingless bees;
Understand the distribution and behavior of stingless bee; and
Equip the techniques harvesting, processing and packing of stingless bees
products.
Course Contents
1.Introduction
2. The role of stingless bees
3. Stingless bees’ phylogeny and classification
4. Distribution of stingless bees
5. Nesting sites
6. Nest entrance and nest architecture
7. Nest defense
8. Division of labor
9. Provisioning and oviposition
10. Foraging
11. Stingless bee products processing, handling and
marketing
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 69
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, discussion, questioning and
answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
Eva Crane, 1990. Bees and beekeeping published in Uk
FAO, 2009. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: A guide to the services provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 70
Flora Njeri Namu, 2008. The possible role of stingless bees in the spread of Banana
Xanthomonas Wilt in Uganda and the nesting biology of Plebeina hildebrandti and
Hypotrigona gribodoi (Hymenoptera-Apidae-Meliponini)
Approved
_____________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 71
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Sericulture
Course Code Apct6062
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Meliponiculture and Sericulture
Module Code ApctM6061
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
5
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 32 71 5
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 2
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
COURSE DESCRIPTION General information about sericulture, silkworm rearing technology, rearing houses and
equipments, environmental conditions required for rearing, incubation and rearing late age
silkworms, mounting and spinning – methods of mounting – different types of mountages,
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 72
assessment of quality of cocoons, rearing management to suit different seasons and review of
rearing technologies, seed technology, pathology & entomology of silkworms, biology,
breeding & agronomy of mulberry, silk processing, and sericulture development & extension.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
History of sericulture, types of silkworms and distribution in the world, production of
mulberry and non-mulberry silk in the world, review of silk production in Europe,
Asia and various developing countries
Silkworm rearing technology
Silkworm physiology and nutrition
Silkworm breeding and genetics
Mulberry production and silkworm rearing management
Mulberry and silkworm pest management
Mulberry breeding and cultivation
Sericulture development & extension
1. Introduction
History of Sericulture
Types of silkworms and distribution in the world
Production of mulberry and non-mulberry silk in the world
Review of silk production in Europe, Asia and various developing countries
2. Silkworm Rearing Technology
Description of silkworms (both mori & eri silkworms)
Mulberry silkworm
Eri silkworm
Life cycle of Silkworms (Mori & eri silkworms)
3. Rearing houses and equipments
Planning a rearing house
Equipments
Equipments for mulberry silkworm rearing
Appliances needed for eri silkworm rearing
Preparation for rearing
Disinfection of seed
6. Environmental conditions required for rearing
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 73
7. Incubation and rearing late age silkworms 8. Mounting and spinning – methods of mounting – different types of mountages
9. Assessment of quality of cocoons, rearing management to suit different seasons and review of rearing technologies
10. Seed technology, pathology & entomology of silkworms
Seed technology
Silkworm pathology
Entomology
11. Biology, breeding & agronomy of mulberry
12. Silk Processing 13. Sericulture development & extension
Development Institutions
Sericulture extension
Sericulture package dissemination system
Challenges in the promotion of sericulture in Ethiopia
PRACTICAL/LABORATORY
Practice on silkworm rearing technology, designing rearing houses and identification
equipments, understanding the environmental conditions required for rearing, incubation and
rearing late age silkworms, mounting and spinning – methods of mounting – different types
of mountages, assessment of quality of cocoons, rearing management to suit different
seasons, seed technology, pathology & entomology of silkworms, biology, breeding &
agronomy of mulberry, silk processing, marketing and trading.
Mode of Delivery
The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, laboratory practical activities,
discussion, questioning and answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works
and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Practical report
Mid exam
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 74
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and 166.1.1,
of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout this course.
Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will not be tolerated
and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will vary day to day,
ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants in the course. You
need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the assignments submit and
present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to attend class regularly. If you
miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit for final exams. Please try to be
on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off before entering the class as they are
disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You are responsible for all class
announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency), 2005. Sericulture training guide
JAICAF (Japan Association for International Collaboration of Agriculture and Forestry
Sericulture in East Africa), 2007. Sericulture in East Africa
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 75
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Livestock Production Systems
Course Code Apct6071
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Livestock Production
Module Code ApctM6071
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
5
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 16 87 5
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 2
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 76
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Livestock production systems in Ethiopia, livestock species kept in different production
systems and purpose of keeping, livestock feed resources and management practices in
Ethiopia; challenges and future of livestock production in Ethiopia, ways of integrating
beekeeping with livestock farming.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Know the livestock production systems in Ethiopia;
Understand the livestock species kept in different production systems and purpose of
keeping;
Understand the livestock feed resources in Ethiopia;
Understand the management of animals in Ethiopia;
Understand the challenges and future of livestock production in Ethiopia ; and
Appreciate the ways of integrating beekeeping with livestock farming.
Course Contents
1. The role of livestock
2. Livestock production systems in Ethiopia
3. Livestock species kept in different production systems and purpose of keeping
4. Livestock feed resources in Ethiopia
5. Management of animals
6. Challenges and future of livestock production in Ethiopia
7. Ways of integrating beekeeping with livestock farming
Mode of Delivery The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, discussion, questioning and
answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 77
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
Banerjee, G.C. 1998. A text book of animal husbandry. 8th ed. Oxford and IBH Publishing
Co. PVT LTD, New Delhi.
ESGPIP, 2008. Sheep and goats production handbook in Ethiopia
Gillespie, J.R. 2004. Modern Livestock & Poultry Production. 4th Ed. Delmar Pub Inc.
National Research Council. 1991. Microlivestock: Little-known Small animals with a
Promising Economic Future. National Academy press. Washington DC
Jahnke, H.E., 1982. Livestock production systems and livestock development in tropical
Africa. Kielewissenschaftsverlag vauk
Payne, W.J.A. 1990. An introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. 4th ed. Longman
Singapore Publishers
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 78
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 79
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Advanced Biometry
Course Code Apct6081
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Research Tools
Module Code ApctM6081
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
5
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
32 - 32 71 5
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 1 & Semester 1
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 80
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Brief review of probability distributions; ANOVA Models (parametric and non-parametric):
assumptions, diagnostics and remedies for failures to fulfill one/more of the basic
assumptions; Basic concepts and Principles of designs of experiments: discussion on the
Layout and Randomization, ANOVA, Multiple treatment comparisons (apriori and
Posteriori); result interpretation with respect to Completely Randomized and Randomized
(complete and incomplete) Block designs, Different Square (Latin, Graeco-Latin, and
Youden Squares) designs; Factorial experiments: design and analysis, fractional and
confounded factorial, split and strip-plot designs with two or more factors; analysis of
augmented block designs; combined analysis of variance (in time or space) and its
interpretation; correlation and linear regression (simple and multiple) as well as covariance
analysis; introduction to multivariate ANOVA.
Course Objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Provide students with background knowledge in research design and statistical
techniques employed in social and biological sciences;
Identify a suitable statistical method for analyzing any type of data and correctly
interpret results.
Course Contents
1. Use of statistics in Agriculture
2. Organization and description of data
3. Review of basic statistics.
4. Sampling techniques
5. Experimental designs
Complete randomized design,
Randomized block design,
Latin square design,
Designs with factorial treatment structure,
Split-plots
Switch over design
6. Data transformation
Hypothesis formulation and testing
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 81
7. Correlation and Regression
8. Analysis of categorical data
9. Generalised linear modelling
10. Non-parametric inference
11. Multivariate analysis
PRACTICAL
Equip students with the statistical package that enables them to effectively execute scientific
research in apiculture, analyze data and make conclusions based on the results.
Mode of Delivery The mode of the delivery of the course combines lectures, laboratory practical activities,
discussion, questioning and answering, readings, assignments, individual and /or group works
and presentation.
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Evaluation will be carried out based on continuous assessment which comprises:
Reading assignments
Written assignments
Individual presentation
Group presentation
Practical report
Mid exam
Final exam
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 82
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
Clarke, G.M and Cooke, D. 2004. A Basic Course in Statistics. Oxford University Press. New York.
Johnson, R.A. and Bhattacharyya, G.K. 2006. Statistics. Principles and Methods. 5th ed. John
Wiley & Sons USA. Mead, R.Curnow, R.N and Hasted, A.M. 1993. Statistical methods in Agricultural and
Experimental biology 2nd, Chapman and Hall.
Nardi, P.M. (2002). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative research methods. Allyn and Bacon publishers.
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 83
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title Seminars in Apiculture
Course Code Apct7082
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Research Tools
Module Code ApctM6081
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
4
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
- 32 - 76 4
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 2 & Semester 1
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 84
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Seminar topics focused on contemporary issues in apiculture, meliponiculture, and sericulture
will selected by each student and approved by the program, each student will then carry out
extensive library search followed by a presentation to peers and academic staff; attending and
participating in his/her colleagues’ seminars.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Present their findings confidently
Learning Outcome
The course is intended to offer students a participatory learning environment that will make
them learn competent skills in searching for scientific literature, analysis and comprehension
of relevant published materials and scientific communication.
Mode of Delivery
Individual student presentation and discussions
Assessment Methods
Assessment of the presentation by the panel of experts during presentation and giving
feedback to student.
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 85
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
REFERENCES
Not applicable
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 86
Bahir Dar University
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Animal Production and Technology Program
Course Title M.Sc. Thesis
Course Code Apct7083
M.Sc. Program Apiculture
Module Name Research Tools
Module Code ApctM6081
Course Chair
Office location:
Mobile: ; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
Instructor/Tutor
Office location:
Mobile:; e-mail:
Consultation Hours:
ECTS Credits
(CP)
30
Contact Hours
(per week)
Lecture Tutorial Lab/Practical Home Study Total
- 16 - 794 30
Lecture days,
Hours & Room:
Tutorial/Lab
days & Hours
Target Group: M.Sc. in Apiculture first year students
Year /Semester Year 2 & the whole semesters (1&2)
Pre-requisites
Status of the
course
Compulsory
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 87
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Independent research in apiculture, meliponiculture, and sericulture to be conducted under
the supervision of professor(s) or scientist(s) including thesis write up and presentation, and
discussed as partial requirement for the Master of Science Degree in Apiculture; research
topics and plan of study to be determined jointly by student, his advisors and finally approved
by school of graduate studies.
Course objectives: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
Work research independently and present their findings confidently.
Mode of Delivery
Individual student proposal write up, research work, report writing, presentation and
discussions.
Assessment Methods
M.Sc. Thesis open defense and the board examiners evaluate the performance of the student.
Grading: As per the university’s regulation
COURSE POLICY
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students (article 166 and
166.1.1, of The Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005) throughout
this course. Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated and will be reported to concerned bodies for action. Class activities will
vary day to day, ranging from lectures to discussions. Students will be active participants
in the course. You need to ask questions and raise issues. You are expected to do all the
assignments submit and present you are supposed to accomplish. You are expected to
attend class regularly. If you miss more than 15% of the class attendance you will not sit
for final exams. Please try to be on time for class. Cell phones MUST be turned off
before entering the class as they are disruptive and annoying to all of us in the class. You
are responsible for all class announcements and changes.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 88
REFERENCES
Not applicable
Approved
_______________ ______________
Name Signature
Instructor/Tutor
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Course Chair
______________ ______________
Name Signature
Postgraduate Coordinator
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 89
Appendix 3. References
Amssalu Bezabeh, 2002. Multivariate morphometric analysis and behaviour of Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Southern Regions of Ethiopia. Ph.D dissertation. Rhodes
University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, South Africa. 332p.
Amssalu Bezabeh, Nuru Adgaba, Sarah E. Radloff, H. Randall Hepburn, 2003. Multivariate
morphometric analysis of Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Ethiopian region. Apidologie 35 (2004) 71-84.
Ayalew Kassaye. 2001. Promotion of beekeeping in rural sector of Ethiopia: Proceedings of the third National Annual Conference of Ethiopian Beekeepers Association (EBA),
September 3-4, 2001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp.52-58.
Beyene Tadesse and David Phillips. 2007. Ensuring small scale producers in Ethiopia to achieve sustainable and fair access to honey markets. Paper Prepared for International Development Enterprises (IDE) and Ethiopian Society for Appropriate Technology (ESAT).
Debissa Lemessa, 2007. Beekeeping: a livelihood strategy In pastoral and agro–pastoral dry
land areas of southern Oromia (liban district) and somali regional states (filtu and Dollo ado districts).
Diao, X., Taffesse, A. S., Yu, B., and Pratt, A. N., 2010. Economic Importance of Agriculture
for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction: The Case Study of Ethiopia, Global Forum on Agriculture, 29-30 November 2010, Paris.
Ethiopian Customs Authority and Export Promotion Agency, 2006. Annual report,. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Fichtl, R. & Admassu Addi. 1994. Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia. Margraf Verlage, Germany. Gezahegne Tadesse. 2001. Marketing of honey and beeswax in Ethiopia: past, present and
perspective features: Proceedings of the third National Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Beekeepers Association (EBA), September 3-4, 2001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp. 78-88.
IGAD, 2010. The contribution of Livestock to the economies of IGAD member states: study
findings, application of the methodology in Ethiopia and recommendations for further analysis. Working paper no. 02-10, Odessa centre.
Keralem Ejjgu, 2005. Honey bee production system, opportunities and challenges in Enebse Sar Midir Woreda (Amhara Region) and Amaro Special Wereda (Southern Nations,
Nationalities and peoples Region), Ethiopia. M.Sc. thesis presented to Alemaya University 133p.
MoARD (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development), 2010. Livestock Development Master Plan Study. Phase I report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
MoARD (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development), 2012. Annual report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 90
Nuru Adgaba, 2002. Geographical races of the Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) of the Northern Regions of Ethiopia. Ph.D dissertation. Rhodes University, Department of
Zoology and Entomology, South Africa.
Tilahun Gebey, 2004. Good results: tips on the performance of apiculture development and marketing. Bees for Development Journal, 73: 9.
M.Sc. Curriculum in Apiculture
Bahir Dar University Page 91
Appendix 4. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
The MoU between College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar
University, and Holeta Bee Research Center is for the joint/collaboration in teaching-learning
and research (Masters Training on Apiculture). The rationale and cooperation: The college of
Agriculture and Environmental Sciences is an institution established under Bahir Dar
University with major tasks of teaching learning, research and community services with
various M.Sc. programs among which Apiculture is the one. While, Holeta Bee Research
Center is also engaged in various capacity building, Research and Community services with
huge resource like qualified manpower, equipped laboratories and experimental fields in the
area of Apiculture. Therefore, collaboration between the two institutions will create synergy
and improve their efficiency to meet their objective. The joint efforts of the two institutions
will eventually benefit the community and the country at large. In this regard, the MoU were
signed on 23 February 2013 by the Dean, College of Agriculture and Environmental
Sciences, Bahir Dar University, and Director, Holeta Bee Research Center.