Country

South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa0 South Africa

0 South Africa

Subject Descriptor

Gross domestic product, constant pricesGross domestic product, constant pricesGross domestic product, current pricesGross domestic product, current pricesGross domestic product, deflatorGross domestic product per capita, constant pricesGross domestic product per capita, current pricesGross domestic product per capita, current pricesGross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDPGross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDPGross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) share of world totalImplied PPP conversion rateTotal investmentGross national savingsInflation, average consumer pricesInflation, average consumer pricesInflation, end of period consumer pricesInflation, end of period consumer pricesVolume of imports of goods and servicesVolume of Imports of goodsVolume of exports of goods and servicesVolume of exports of goodsUnemployment ratePopulationGeneral government revenueGeneral government revenueGeneral government total expenditureGeneral government total expenditureGeneral government net lending/borrowingGeneral government net lending/borrowingGeneral government structural balanceGeneral government structural balanceGeneral government primary net lending/borrowingGeneral government primary net lending/borrowingGeneral government net debtGeneral government net debtGeneral government gross debtGeneral government gross debtGross domestic product corresponding to fiscal year, current pricesCurrent account balance

Ln(Gross national savings)

Units 1980 1981 1982

National currency 1,404.90 1,480.21 1,474.54Percent change 6.621 5.361 -0.383National currency 64.375 74.559 84.624U.S. dollars 82.659 84.967 77.93Index 4.582 5.037 5.739National currency 49,135.31 50,489.10 49,037.66National currency 2,251.45 2,543.15 2,814.28U.S. dollars 2,890.93 2,898.18 2,591.65Current international dollar 134.817 155.307 164.311Current international dollar 4,715.13 5,297.43 5,464.37Percent 1.039 1.072 1.062National currency per current international dollar 0.477 0.48 0.515Percent of GDP 28.158 33.791 28.783Percent of GDP 32.747 25.717 19.935Index 5.355 6.198 7.09Percent change 14.236 15.741 14.4Index 5.765 6.553 7.44Percent change 0 13.675 13.534Percent change 18.774 13.735 -17.367Percent change 21.616 14.216 -17.849Percent change 0.221 -5.353 -2.645Percent change 0.624 -4.186 -2.612Percent of total labor force 9.241 9.824 10.755Persons 28.592 29.317 30.069National currency 0 0 0Percent of GDP 0 0 0National currency 0 0 0Percent of GDP 0 0 0National currency 0 0 0Percent of GDP 0 0 0National currency 0 0 0Percent of potential GDP 0 0 0National currency 0 0 0Percent of GDP 0 0 0National currency 0 0 0Percent of GDP 0 0 0National currency 0 0 0Percent of GDP 0 0 0National currency 0 0 0U.S. dollars 3.287 -5.143 -3.422

Ln(Percent of GDP) 3.488811 3.247152 2.992477

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

1,447.31 1,521.11 1,502.68 1,502.95 1,534.52 1,598.97 1,637.27 1,632.06-1.847 5.099 -1.211 0.018 2.101 4.2 2.395 -0.31896.824 113.483 130.943 153.312 179.226 215.108 258.274 297.41486.907 76.901 58.774 67.139 88.041 94.653 98.495 114.934

6.69 7.461 8.714 10.201 11.68 13.453 15.775 18.22346,931.37 48,118.47 46,410.11 45,362.70 45,299.93 46,190.12 46,283.82 45,139.95

3,139.66 3,589.91 4,044.16 4,627.32 5,290.84 6,213.92 7,301.14 8,225.942,818.12 2,432.68 1,815.24 2,026.42 2,599.03 2,734.28 2,784.36 3,178.86167.643 182.444 186.002 189.786 198.718 214.313 227.979 235.66

5,436.10 5,771.41 5,744.64 5,728.19 5,866.26 6,190.93 6,444.72 6,517.921.015 1.019 0.97 0.939 0.925 0.923 0.91 0.8780.578 0.622 0.704 0.808 0.902 1.004 1.133 1.26223.59 24.502 18.616 16.864 13.823 17.166 18.265 14.376

24.158 21.119 23.62 22.573 21.375 21.941 21.643 18.4477.983 8.875 10.313 12.247 14.23 16.065 18.395 21.023

12.587 11.18 16.201 18.75 16.194 12.892 14.506 14.2868.278 9.362 11.086 13.106 15.028 16.851 19.463 22.37

11.258 13.095 18.421 18.222 14.662 12.131 15.497 14.937-16.092 19.799 -14.036 -2.453 3.494 21.909 0.318 -5.837

-18.68 21.473 -14.699 -5.324 3.961 23.943 -1.54 -4.265-1.328 2.666 10.077 -3.69 4.649 8.17 2.181 -0.434-0.182 1.754 10.796 -3.233 5.731 8.799 0.039 -0.7212.543 13.718 15.452 16.049 16.592 17.238 17.829 18.78430.839 31.612 32.378 33.132 33.875 34.617 35.374 36.156

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-0.404 -1.873 2.321 2.775 5.106 2.567 1.514 1.545

3.184616 3.050173 3.162094 3.116755 3.062222 3.088357 3.074682 2.914902

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1,615.44 1,580.92 1,600.42 1,652.18 1,703.66 1,777.03 1,824.07 1,833.50-1.018 -2.137 1.234 3.234 3.116 4.307 2.647 0.517

340.684 381.984 437.305 494.76 562.47 634.155 703.708 761.888123.396 133.954 133.867 139.381 155.078 147.601 152.738 137.734

21.089 24.162 27.324 29.946 33.015 35.686 38.579 41.55443,705.74 41,841.95 41,457.69 41,931.25 42,337.72 43,305.77 43,654.37 43,160.59

9,217.17 10,109.89 11,328.03 12,556.66 13,977.95 15,454.18 16,841.46 17,934.823,338.47 3,545.34 3,467.73 3,537.39 3,853.86 3,597.01 3,655.39 3,242.25241.024 241.25 250.036 263.617 277.499 294.733 307.714 312.662

6,520.88 6,385.13 6,476.99 6,690.41 6,896.15 7,182.56 7,364.35 7,360.060.85 0.749 0.743 0.744 0.74 0.743 0.733 0.719

1.413 1.583 1.749 1.877 2.027 2.152 2.287 2.43714.651 13.097 13.648 16.088 18.615 17.305 16.872 17.12617.829 16.023 15.731 16.395 16.083 15.585 14.793 14.84824.296 27.618 30.345 33.023 35.898 38.526 41.848 44.72415.566 13.673 9.874 8.824 8.709 7.32 8.623 6.87226.016 28.48 31.239 34.294 36.659 40.059 42.571 46.365

16.3 9.47 9.689 9.779 6.897 9.274 6.273 8.9122.143 5.347 7.017 16.093 16.791 8.71 5.385 2.0140.381 5.539 6.695 18.917 19.676 11.852 6.732 1.222

-1.545 5.491 10.379 2.485 10.938 7.204 5.295 3.2460.304 6.454 11.041 1.192 10.52 5.372 5.151 1.98

20.162 21.213 22.163 22.89 16.71 19.321 20.952 25.19736.962 37.783 38.604 39.402 40.24 41.035 41.784 42.481

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.416 1.963 2.778 0.016 -2.494 -1.656 -2.221 -2.368

2.880826 2.774025 2.755633 2.796976 2.777763 2.746309 2.694154 2.697865

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1,876.74 1,954.71 2,008.18 2,081.84 2,143.23 2,240.85 2,359.10 2,491.302.358 4.155 2.735 3.668 2.949 4.555 5.277 5.604

835.015 946.324 1,046.14 1,217.27 1,325.77 1,476.62 1,639.25 1,839.40136.594 136.453 121.602 115.748 175.254 228.931 257.667 271.812

44.493 48.413 52.094 58.471 61.858 65.896 69.486 73.83343,526.77 44,744.54 44,674.89 45,708.45 46,463.72 47,955.12 49,823.63 51,910.6319,366.32 21,661.95 23,272.99 26,726.06 28,741.65 31,600.39 34,620.67 38,327.22

3,168.00 3,123.49 2,705.22 2,541.35 3,799.38 4,899.22 5,441.86 5,663.70324.933 346.133 363.706 382.834 401.983 431.849 469.265 510.789

7,536.10 7,923.20 8,091.16 8,405.44 8,714.70 9,241.76 9,910.77 10,643.200.711 0.706 0.708 0.714 0.705 0.7 0.704 0.7052.57 2.734 2.876 3.18 3.298 3.419 3.493 3.601

16.056 16.365 15.745 16.278 17.106 18.467 18.315 20.18315.304 16.239 16.019 17.18 16.28 15.701 15.186 15.70647.055 49.583 52.375 57.175 60.533 61.392 63.442 66.4

5.211 5.374 5.63 9.165 5.874 1.418 3.339 4.66347.499 50.8 53.1 59.7 59.9 62 64.2 68

2.444 6.95 4.528 12.429 0.335 3.506 3.548 5.919-8.362 5.338 0.25 5.341 8.084 15.509 10.879 18.261-9.288 7.733 0.155 5.613 4.649 17.895 11.776 19.8881.261 8.314 2.393 0.989 0.11 2.833 8.568 7.4631.385 8.947 0.815 -0.809 -1.761 4.158 8.802 6.987

23.346 23 25.95 27.8 27.65 25.15 24.65 23.5543.117 43.686 44.951 45.546 46.127 46.728 47.349 47.992

0 223.936 251.898 289.215 313.441 357.979 417.01 510.6640 23.664 24.079 23.759 23.642 24.243 25.439 27.7630 238.498 263.738 302.252 337.111 375.229 422.482 497.7350 25.203 25.21 24.83 25.428 25.411 25.773 27.060 -14.563 -11.84 -13.037 -23.67 -17.25 -5.472 12.9290 -1.539 -1.132 -1.071 -1.785 -1.168 -0.334 0.7030 -13.232 -8.448 -9.686 -17.325 -13.526 -4.232 27.1480 -1.402 -0.806 -0.795 -1.292 -0.907 -0.257 1.4880 31.283 35.244 34.392 22.617 31.175 44.993 64.8590 3.306 3.369 2.825 1.706 2.111 2.745 3.5260 392.727 439.612 427.172 460.767 496.009 470.26 476.3110 41.5 42.022 35.093 34.755 33.591 28.687 25.8950 399.445 443.584 432.705 469.686 507.85 521.618 547.3440 42.21 42.402 35.547 35.428 34.393 31.82 29.7570 946.324 1,046.14 1,217.27 1,325.77 1,476.62 1,639.25 1,839.40

-0.68 -0.172 0.333 1.044 -1.447 -6.332 -8.063 -12.17

2.728114 2.787416 2.773776 2.843746 2.789937 2.753724 2.720374 2.754043

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2,624.84 2,708.60 2,666.94 2,748.01 2,836.29 2,899.25 2,963.39 3,008.585.36 3.191 -1.538 3.04 3.212 2.22 2.212 1.525

2,109.50 2,369.06 2,507.68 2,748.01 3,024.95 3,262.55 3,534.33 3,796.46299.033 287.095 297.221 375.304 417.057 397.391 366.236 350.082

80.367 87.464 94.028 100 106.652 112.531 119.266 126.18853,945.78 54,892.19 53,279.11 54,103.17 55,016.90 55,390.47 55,747.86 55,712.3143,354.54 48,011.17 50,097.43 54,103.17 58,676.53 62,331.30 66,488.46 70,302.21

6,145.73 5,818.24 5,937.77 7,389.04 8,089.87 7,592.20 6,889.70 6,482.75552.49 581.304 576.709 601.5 633.638 659.334 683.962 704.514

11,354.78 11,780.63 11,521.28 11,842.42 12,291.01 12,596.65 12,866.83 13,046.070.704 0.706 0.697 0.682 0.677 0.671 0.664 0.6533.818 4.075 4.348 4.569 4.774 4.948 5.167 5.389

20.986 23.15 20.705 19.513 19.144 20.094 20.121 20.35615.602 17.613 17.977 18.012 16.985 15.137 14.355 14.91371.125 79.33 84.987 88.605 93.035 98.295 103.949 110.256

7.116 11.536 7.13 4.257 5 5.654 5.752 6.06774 81.449 86.571 89.584 95.007 100.43 105.853 111.477

8.824 10.066 6.289 3.48 6.054 5.708 5.4 5.3139.366 2.809 -17.66 10.794 10.534 6.048 1.82 -0.5249.428 2.936 -20.464 8.85 10.534 6.048 1.82 -0.5247.828 1.55 -17.024 7.718 4.344 0.11 4.585 2.615.961 2.594 -21.551 6.138 4.344 0.11 4.585 2.61

23 22.525 23.7 24.875 24.8 24.875 24.725 25.148.657 49.344 50.056 50.792 51.553 52.342 53.157 54.002

599.451 668.465 676.678 734.265 817.32 887.757 976.373 1,063.8328.417 28.216 26.984 26.72 27.019 27.211 27.625 28.022

573.253 679.247 795.166 865.977 934.219 1,021.50 1,120.14 1,219.6127.175 28.672 31.709 31.513 30.884 31.31 31.693 32.12526.198 -10.782 -118.488 -131.712 -116.9 -133.747 -143.768 -155.78

1.242 -0.455 -4.725 -4.793 -3.865 -4.099 -4.068 -4.10320.135 -17.007 -78.429 -98.563 -107.416 -126.861 -135.925 -141.016

0.976 -0.734 -3.072 -3.548 -3.544 -3.878 -3.832 -3.67778.977 46.428 -60.984 -60.955 -36.791 -43.354 -38.496 -37.123

3.744 1.96 -2.432 -2.218 -1.216 -1.329 -1.089 -0.978482.015 515.027 636.187 783.567 947.401 1,133.64 1,329.99 1,536.24

22.85 21.74 25.37 28.514 31.32 34.747 37.631 40.465571.2 614.491 760.441 944.161 1,138.49 1,321.21 1,529.99 1,741.28

27.077 25.938 30.324 34.358 37.636 40.496 43.289 45.8662,109.50 2,369.06 2,507.68 2,748.01 3,024.95 3,262.55 3,534.33 3,796.46-16.098 -15.896 -8.109 -5.633 -9.001 -19.696 -21.116 -19.055

2.747399 2.868637 2.889093 2.891038 2.832331 2.717142 2.664098 2.702233

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3,068.80 3,133.36 3,208.64 3,295.33 3,387.56 3,482.542.002 2.104 2.403 2.702 2.799 2.804

4,081.73 4,404.98 4,763.43 5,166.08 5,608.07 6,088.16323.809 334.579 350.06 367.953 387.303 409.298133.008 140.584 148.456 156.77 165.549 174.82

55,938.27 56,221.32 56,671.33 57,291.66 57,973.58 58,666.4274,402.10 79,037.97 84,132.16 89,816.04 95,974.66 102,560.46

5,902.41 6,003.31 6,182.80 6,397.13 6,628.17 6,894.99725.004 751.345 785.234 823.78 863.716 905.474

13,215.43 13,481.27 13,868.87 14,322.01 14,781.35 15,253.510.644 0.634 0.626 0.619 0.612 0.606

5.63 5.863 6.066 6.271 6.493 6.72420.726 22.207 21.869 21.786 21.665 21.4216.158 17.519 17.282 17.356 17.301 17.236

115.222 121.67 128.361 135.421 142.869 150.7274.504 5.596 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

117.051 123.489 130.281 137.447 145.006 152.9815 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

2.42 2.477 2.803 3.072 3.143 3.1152.42 2.477 2.803 3.072 3.143 3.115

3.375 2.997 3.878 3.907 3.896 3.8963.375 2.997 3.878 3.907 3.896 3.896

25.118 24.92 24.772 24.624 24.4 24.17654.86 55.733 56.618 57.518 58.433 59.362

1,155.66 1,276.87 1,391.28 1,509.50 1,641.12 1,784.7528.313 28.987 29.208 29.219 29.264 29.315

1,326.39 1,428.63 1,540.43 1,664.07 1,801.14 1,947.7732.496 32.432 32.339 32.212 32.117 31.993

-170.726 -151.764 -149.147 -154.578 -160.021 -163.023-4.183 -3.445 -3.131 -2.992 -2.853 -2.678

-153.037 -132.79 -130.84 -139.207 -149.741 -157.15-3.704 -2.972 -2.711 -2.667 -2.653 -2.573

-38.926 -4.057 13.515 23.703 37.853 54.696-0.954 -0.092 0.284 0.459 0.675 0.898

1,736.75 1,922.93 2,125.74 2,363.10 2,626.52 2,867.9042.549 43.653 44.626 45.743 46.835 47.106

1,939.04 2,123.77 2,326.12 2,581.76 2,840.70 3,081.7147.505 48.213 48.833 49.975 50.654 50.618

4,081.73 4,404.98 4,763.43 5,166.08 5,608.07 6,088.16-14.792 -15.685 -16.057 -16.301 -16.904 -17.124

2.782415 2.863286 2.849665 2.853938 2.850764 2.84700022

Subject Descriptor

GDP, constant pricesGDP, constant pricesGDP, current pricesGDP, current pricesGDP, deflatorGDP per capita, constant pricesGDP per capita, current pricesGDP per capita, current pricesGDP based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDPGDP based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDPGDP based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) share of world totalImplied PPP conversion rateTotal investmentGross national savingsInflation, average consumer pricesInflation, average consumer pricesInflation, end of period consumer pricesInflation, end of period consumer pricesVolume of imports of goods and servicesVolume of Imports of goodsVolume of exports of goods and servicesVolume of exports of goodsUnemployment ratePopulationGeneral government revenueGeneral government revenueGeneral government total expenditureGeneral government total expenditureGeneral government net lending/borrowingGeneral government net lending/borrowingGeneral government structural balanceGeneral government structural balanceGeneral government primary net lending/borrowingGeneral government primary net lending/borrowingGeneral government net debtGeneral government net debtGeneral government gross debtGeneral government gross debtGDP corresponding to fiscal year, current pricesCurrent account balanceLn(Gross national savings)

The average GDP growth over the given period is 2.42 and the standard deviation of 2.16 indicates that percentage change in GDP has not deviated much from the mean over the years. Standard deviation of percentage change in Inflation is 4.43 indicating less volatility in inflation over the given years. The volatility has reduced particularly from the year 1995. This could be attributed to lower and more stable interest rates during this period.Real output in the South African economy has grown moderately but steadily during this period.

Units SkewnessNational currency 0.5290057444Percent change -0.4109980769National currency 1.0508827909U.S. dollars 0.4815607082Index 0.6835286197National currency 0.2904355226National currency 0.8463478021U.S. dollars 0.4555897814Current international dollar 0.5941006107Current international dollar 0.4825516698Percent 0.9660334182National currency per current international dollar 0.3669939158Percent of GDP 1.2626587187Percent of GDP 2.0516276613Index 0.5951377979Percent change 0.5544074103Index 0.5919467197Percent change 0.4557124033Percent change -0.535265411Percent change -0.4256760048Percent change -1.5523967425Percent change -2.107093985Percent of total labor force -1.0204771247Persons 0.0012547689National currency 1.0718641602Percent of GDP -0.0175802016National currency 1.0635536442Percent of GDP 0.0120983505National currency -0.9620202747Percent of GDP -0.8328247245National currency -1.0148834687Percent of potential GDP -0.7237561044National currency 0.022621301Percent of GDP 0.7510217817National currency 1.4591136606Percent of GDP 0.2112552023National currency 1.3831966481Percent of GDP 0.1730311858National currency 0.9582557874U.S. dollars -0.5780289482Ln(Percent of GDP) 1.4726993823

The average GDP growth over the given period is 2.42 and the standard deviation of 2.16 indicates that percentage change in GDP has not deviated much from the mean over the years. Standard deviation of percentage change in Inflation is 4.43 indicating less volatility in inflation over the given years. The volatility has reduced particularly from the year 1995. This could be attributed to lower and more stable interest rates during this period.Real output in the South African economy has grown moderately but steadily during this period.

Kurtosis Mean Standard Deviation Count Minimum-1.2096291465 2,183.21 661.6264676967 41 1,404.90-0.2739141776 2.42 2.1615270788 41 -2.14-0.0235560807 1,701.85 1752.1112052885 41 64.38-1.3851915496 206.38 118.7645104145 41 58.77

-0.726113556 62.91 51.3189874976 41 4.58-1.3901097723 49,157.36 5392.0765235823 41 41,457.69-0.5147170574 33,196.76 30066.6163995804 41 2,251.45-1.2346901797 4,407.40 1799.7717272503 41 1,815.24

-0.962128931 422.56 229.1598420294 41 134.82-1.2455870042 9,042.49 3203.3880514 41 4,715.13-0.3709423677 0.77 0.1377341244 41 0.61-1.0916062682 3.01 1.9437413697 41 0.482.5376748732 19.45 4.2137246002 41 13.105.2709707363 18.09 3.682187059 41 14.36-0.736000995 58.19 42.7465568031 41 5.36

-0.9242275638 8.92 4.429721673 41 1.42-0.7379259611 59.43 43.2172428765 41 5.77-0.5342679095 8.42 4.682384243 41 0.000.3613917706 4.42 9.69883493 41 -17.66

0.284179841 4.58 10.7778991633 41 -20.465.4454068472 3.01 4.9807324557 41 -17.02

9.115564629 2.78 5.4436371148 41 -21.550.0998740393 21.20 4.9268778292 41 9.24

-1.1283307421 43.71 9.0101700399 41 28.59-0.0092282403 427.99 542.0193540022 41 0.00-2.0606553984 13.83 13.742032787 41 0.00-0.1275546531 472.06 603.5879852105 41 0.00-2.0232473497 15.06 15.0410606291 41 0.00-0.9746877299 -44.08 67.2880297705 41 -170.73-0.8255399359 -1.23 1.7565546304 41 -4.79-0.7802039963 -38.71 60.6962692632 41 -157.15-0.8990655057 -1.04 1.5316148006 41 -3.880.3222317402 4.85 31.1340107789 41 -60.980.3540997933 0.42 1.4734963175 41 -2.431.1202539862 589.51 820.9183311176 41 0.00

-1.7702249148 18.41 19.0809498849 41 0.000.8220333137 654.55 901.7926808493 41 0.00

-1.8073842561 20.30 20.8646327597 41 0.00-0.2906880268 1,535.51 1879.9741152234 41 0.00-1.1610808802 -5.69 7.9385234551 41 -21.122.2591819893 2.88 0.1780913391 41 2.66

Standard deviation of percentage change in Inflation is 4.43 indicating less volatility in inflation over the given years. The volatility has reduced particularly from the year 1995. This could be attributed to lower and more stable interest rates during this period.Real output in the South African economy has grown moderately but steadily during this period.

Maximum3,482.54

6.626,088.16

417.06174.82

58,666.42102,560.46

8,089.87905.47

15,253.511.076.72

33.7932.75

150.7318.75

152.9818.4221.9123.9410.9411.0427.8059.36

1,784.7529.32

1,947.7732.5026.20

1.2427.15

1.4978.98

3.742,867.90

47.113,081.71

50.656,088.16

5.113.49

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Variable 1 Variable 2Mean 1.926143 2.9412Variance 6.476295 2.463545Observations 21 20Hypothesized Mean Difference 0df 34t Stat -1.545125P(T

Thus, there is no difference between the GDP growth rates of 1980-2000 and that of 2001-2020.

1980-19911992-2003 2004-2015Tot 13.097 18.467

33.791 13.648 18.31528.783 16.088 20.183

23.59 18.615 20.98624.502 17.305 23.1518.616 16.872 20.70516.864 17.126 19.51313.823 16.056 19.14417.166 16.365 20.09418.265 15.745 20.12114.376 16.278 20.35614.651 17.106 20.726

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARYGroups Count Sum Average Variance

Column 1 12 252.585 21.04875 43.18469Column 2 12 194.301 16.19175 2.327023Column 3 12 241.76 20.14667 1.63669

ANOVASource of Variation SS df MS F P-value

Between Groups 160.1823 2 80.09114 5.09611 0.011784Within Groups 518.6324 33 15.71613

Total 678.8147 35

Here, p-value is less than 0.05, hence, null hypothesis is rejected.So, there is significant change in Total investment over the 3 groups.

F crit3.284918

1980-1991992-2002004-201532.747 16.023 15.70125.717 15.731 15.18619.935 16.395 15.70624.158 16.083 15.60221.119 15.585 17.61323.62 14.793 17.977

22.573 14.848 18.01221.375 15.304 16.98521.941 16.239 15.13721.643 16.019 14.35518.447 17.18 14.91317.829 16.28 16.158

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARYGroups Count Sum Average Variance

Column 1 12 271.104 22.592 15.30011Column 2 12 190.48 15.87333 0.45565Column 3 12 193.345 16.11208 1.548371

ANOVASource of Variation SS df MS F P-value

Between Groups 348.7472 2 174.3736 30.23098 3.47E-008Within Groups 190.3454 33 5.768044

Total 539.0927 35

Here, p-value is less than 0.05, hence, null hypothesis is rejected.So, there is significant difference in Gross national savings over the 3 groups.

F crit3.284918

1980-1991992-2002004-20159.241 21.213 25.159.824 22.163 24.65

10.755 22.89 23.5512.543 16.71 2313.718 19.321 22.52515.452 20.952 23.716.049 25.197 24.87516.592 23.346 24.817.238 23 24.87517.829 25.95 24.72518.784 27.8 25.120.162 27.65 25.118

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARYGroups Count Sum Average Variance

Column 1 12 178.187 14.84892 13.01814Column 2 12 276.192 23.016 10.86436Column 3 12 292.068 24.339 0.817352

ANOVASource of Variation SS df MS F P-value

Between Groups 634.053 2 317.0265 38.50549 2.35E-009Within Groups 271.6983 33 8.233282

Total 905.7513 35

Here, p-value is less than 0.05, hence, null hypothesis is rejected.So, there is significant difference in Unemployment rate over the 3 groups.

F crit3.284918

1980-1991992-2002004-201514.236 13.673 1.41815.741 9.874 3.339

14.4 8.824 4.66312.587 8.709 7.116

11.18 7.32 11.53616.201 8.623 7.13

18.75 6.872 4.25716.194 5.211 512.892 5.374 5.65414.506 5.63 5.75214.286 9.165 6.06715.566 5.874 4.504

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARYGroups Count Sum Average Variance

Column 1 12 176.539 14.71158 3.94163Column 2 12 95.149 7.929083 5.918857Column 3 12 66.436 5.536333 6.083164

ANOVASource of Variation SS df MS F

Between Groups 543.6511 2 271.8255 51.14743Within Groups 175.3801 33 5.31455

Total 719.0312 35

Here, p-value is less than 0.05, hence, null hypothesis is rejected.So, there is difference change inflation changeover the 3 groups.

P-value F crit7.75E-011 3.284918

Gross domestic product, constant pricesTotal investmentGross national savingsInflation, average consumer pricesVolume of imports of goods and servicesVolume of exports of goods and servicesCurrent account balance

GDP and Total InvestmentGDP and Gross national savings

GDP and InflationGDP and Volume of importsGDP and Volume of exportsGDP and current account balance

Gross domestic product, constant prices Total investment1

0.1546771646 1-0.4645494848 0.50279075120.9875440374 0.0847634107

-0.0096605571 0.01282693760.0356364917 -0.3319382898

-0.9062612423 -0.3713050729

They are weakly correlated i.e. GDP remains almost unchanged irrespective of high or low investment.These are negatively correlated i.e. if gross national savings rise then GDP goes down and vice-versa

These are moderately negatively correlated i.e. if imports then GDP goes down and vice-versaThese are moderately positively correlated i.e. if exports increase then GDP rises and if they decrease then GDP falls.These are negatively correlated i.e. if current account balance rises GDP falls and vice-versa.

These are very highly positively correlated i.e. GDP rises with inflation as this indicates economic growth while GDP declines if inflation falls.

Gross national savings Inflation, average consumer prices

1-0.5102782167 1-0.0077712951 -0.0163602708-0.2737565476 0.05848146440.4129412913 -0.8643385506

They are weakly correlated i.e. GDP remains almost unchanged irrespective of high or low investment.These are negatively correlated i.e. if gross national savings rise then GDP goes down and vice-versa

These are moderately negatively correlated i.e. if imports then GDP goes down and vice-versaThese are moderately positively correlated i.e. if exports increase then GDP rises and if they decrease then GDP falls.These are negatively correlated i.e. if current account balance rises GDP falls and vice-versa.

These are very highly positively correlated i.e. GDP rises with inflation as this indicates economic growth while

Volume of imports of goods and services

10.4567400889

-0.0011440539

Volume of exports of goods and services Current account balance

1-0.0015648855 1

Gross domestic product, constant prices 1,404.90 1,480.21 1,474.54Total investment 28.158 33.791 28.783Gross national savings 32.747 25.717 19.935Inflation, average consumer prices 5.355 6.198 7.09Volume of imports of goods and services 18.774 13.735 -17.367Volume of exports of goods and services 0.221 -5.353 -2.645Current account balance 3.287 -5.143 -3.422

1,447.31 1,521.11 1,502.68 1,502.95 1,534.52 1,598.97 1,637.27 1,632.0623.59 24.502 18.616 16.864 13.823 17.166 18.265 14.376

24.158 21.119 23.62 22.573 21.375 21.941 21.643 18.4477.983 8.875 10.313 12.247 14.23 16.065 18.395 21.023

-16.092 19.799 -14.036 -2.453 3.494 21.909 0.318 -5.837-1.328 2.666 10.077 -3.69 4.649 8.17 2.181 -0.434-0.404 -1.873 2.321 2.775 5.106 2.567 1.514 1.545

1,615.44 1,580.92 1,600.42 1,652.18 1,703.66 1,777.03 1,824.07 1,833.5014.651 13.097 13.648 16.088 18.615 17.305 16.872 17.12617.829 16.023 15.731 16.395 16.083 15.585 14.793 14.84824.296 27.618 30.345 33.023 35.898 38.526 41.848 44.724

2.143 5.347 7.017 16.093 16.791 8.71 5.385 2.014-1.545 5.491 10.379 2.485 10.938 7.204 5.295 3.2461.416 1.963 2.778 0.016 -2.494 -1.656 -2.221 -2.368

1,876.74 1,954.71 2,008.18 2,081.84 2,143.23 2,240.85 2,359.10 2,491.3016.056 16.365 15.745 16.278 17.106 18.467 18.315 20.18315.304 16.239 16.019 17.18 16.28 15.701 15.186 15.70647.055 49.583 52.375 57.175 60.533 61.392 63.442 66.4-8.362 5.338 0.25 5.341 8.084 15.509 10.879 18.2611.261 8.314 2.393 0.989 0.11 2.833 8.568 7.463-0.68 -0.172 0.333 1.044 -1.447 -6.332 -8.063 -12.17

2,624.84 2,708.60 2,666.94 2,748.01 2,836.29 2,899.25 2,963.39 3,008.5820.986 23.15 20.705 19.513 19.144 20.094 20.121 20.35615.602 17.613 17.977 18.012 16.985 15.137 14.355 14.91371.125 79.33 84.987 88.605 93.035 98.295 103.949 110.256

9.366 2.809 -17.66 10.794 10.534 6.048 1.82 -0.5247.828 1.55 -17.024 7.718 4.344 0.11 4.585 2.61

-16.098 -15.896 -8.109 -5.633 -9.001 -19.696 -21.116 -19.055

3,068.80 3,133.36 3,208.64 3,295.33 3,387.56 3,482.5420.726 22.207 21.869 21.786 21.665 21.4216.158 17.519 17.282 17.356 17.301 17.236

115.222 121.67 128.361 135.421 142.869 150.7272.42 2.477 2.803 3.072 3.143 3.115

3.375 2.997 3.878 3.907 3.896 3.896-14.792 -15.685 -16.057 -16.301 -16.904 -17.124

Data-South AfricaDescriptive statisticsIndependent sample T-testTotal investmentTotal investment-ANOVAGross National SavingsGross National Savings-ANOVAUnemployment RateUnemployment Rate-ANOVAInflation changeInflation change-ANOVACorrelationSheet14