Bacterial Diseases Of Nervous

SystemBy,Khyati Jagania

Some Bacterial Diseases Of

Nervous System…1) Bacterial Meningitis

2) Leprosy (also known as Hansen’s Disease)3) Tetanus4) Botulism

5) Brain abscesses etc…

Bacterial Meningitis

Cerebrum (is a Latin word ) means ..BrainMening (Is a Greek word)

means..Membrane

• Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes that suround your brain and spinal cord.• Viral meningitis is the most common form, bacterial meningitis the most serious.• Without treatment, bacterial meningitis can cause paralysis, stroke, and even death.• This life-threatening disease can be caused by several kinds of Bcteria , each of which has a

prevalence that can be corelated with the age of the host …

1) Newborn (0-2 months)•Most frequent Causative Agents are… E .

Coli ,other Enterobcteriaceae , Streptcoccus species

2) Preschool (2 months -5 years) •Haemophilus Influenzae , type b ; Neisseria meningitidis

3) Youth and young adult (5-40 years)Neisseria meningitidis , Streptcoccus Pneumoniae

4) Mature adult (over 40 years)

•Streptococcus Pneumoniae , Staphylococcus species

RouteBacterial meningitis can be acquired in different ways, includingWhen the bacteria spread through the bloodstream from an infection in another part of the body (the most common route)When bacteria spread to the meninges from another infection in the head, such as sinusitis or an ear infection (often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae)After a wound penetrates the skull or meninges (often caused by Staphylococcus aureus)When surgery is done on the brain or spinal cord (often caused by gram-negative bacteria)When a drain (shunt), placed in the brain to relieve increased pressure in the skull, becomes infectedWhen bacteria enter through a birth defect in the skull or spine (such as spina bifida)Having any of the above conditions increases the risk of developing bacterial meningitis.

SymptomsFever Nausea and vomiting

Drowsiness or sluggishnessSensitivity to bright light

More severe symptoms include seizure and coma

In infants, symptoms may include fever, irritabiliy, poor feeding, andlet

hargy.

A headache and a stiff neck 

TreatmentDid You Know...When doctors suspect bacterial meningitis, they immediately start treatment with antibiotics, without waiting for test results, because meningitis can progress rapidly.Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics for meningococcal meningitis. Penicillin in high doses is almost always effective, too. If the patient is allergic to penicillin, chloramphenicol may be used. Sometimes corticosteroids may be used, especially in children.

Leprosy : (also known as Hansen’s Disease)•Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus. The disease mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes.•also caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis

• Mycobacterium leprae, also known as "Hansen's Bacillus", was discovered by Doctor Gerhard Armauer Hansen in 1873. Dr. Hansen discovered the bacteria in the nodules of leprosy patients and determined that it was the cause of the leprosy. The disease that M. leprae causes is referred to as leprosy or Hansen's Disease.

Patients Of Leprosy Disease

•How it Spreads ?

•Leprosy is spread between people , it is believer to occur through a cough or contact with fluid from the nose of an infected person …It is transmitted by prolonged contact …It can also be transmitted from mother to child via Placenta…

•SymptomsLeprosy primarily affects the skin and the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, called the peripheral nerves.The main symptom of leprosy is disfiguring skin sores, lumps, or bumps that do not go away after several weeks or months. The skin sores are pale-colored.Because the bacterium multiplies very slowly, the signs and symptoms of leprosy may not develop until much later after exposure to M. leprae (ranging from several weeks to 20 years or more).

TreatmentLeprosy can be cured. In the last two decades, 16 million people with leprosy have been cured. The World Health Organization provides free treatment for all people with leprosy.Rifampicin and clofazimine are now combined with dapsone to treat multibacillary leprosy. A single dose of combination therapy has been used to cure single lesion paucibacillary leprosy