Bacteria of the normal flora only cause infections if the …mrscienceut.net/DiseaseWanted.docx ·...

ObjectiveIdentify positive and negative effects of microorganisms and how science has developed positive uses for some microorganisms and overcome the negative effects of others.

Relate several diseases caused by microorganisms to the organism causing the disease (e.g., athlete’s foot -fungi, streptococcus throat -bacteria, giardia -protozoa).

Disease “Wanted” Poster(modified from an activity at Access Exchange)

Assignment

Your assignment is to make a “wanted poster” for a disease. Using your disease fact sheet, you will identify the disease and which microbe is responsible for the disease. Draw a picture of the microbe on the “poster.” Using your disease fact sheet, explain…

how you get the disease. if it is contagious or not (can you get the disease directly from another person). the symptoms of the disease. how the disease is treated.

When you have finished your poster, get a sheet of construction paper, and glue it on. The construction paper will be your “frame.”

Be prepared to present this information to the class.

Wanted1



Disease: __________________________________________________________________

For making people sick.Caused by (microbe) - __________________________________________________________

How you get this disease - _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Symptoms - __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

How it’s treated - ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Name ______________________________________________#1 – Botulism (bot-u-liz-um)

What is Botulism?

Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by bacteria.

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How do you get botulism?

You get botulism by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin.

All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies. Food borne botulism can be especially dangerous because many people can be poisoned by eating a contaminated food.

What are botulism’s symptoms?

Double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. If untreated, these symptoms may progress to cause paralysis of the arms, legs, trunk, and respiratory muscles. In food borne botulism, symptoms generally begin 18 to 36 hours after eating a contaminated food, but they can occur as early as 6 hours or as late as 10 days.

Treatment

If caught early enough, shots of antitoxin are given to break down the botulism’s toxin (poison). If you have breathing problems, you may need a ventilator to help you breathe.

#2 - Whooping Cough

What is whooping cough?

This is a disease of the respiratory tract, highly contagious, and a vaccine-preventable, bacterial infection.

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How do you get whooping cough?

The infection is spread through the air by respiratory droplets from an infected person (direct contact). If you are going to get it, you usually get it 7 days after you were exposed to the disease.

What are the symptoms of whooping cough?

Symptoms are a runny nose; cough (severe); slight fever (102o or lower); severe coughing attacks that can end in a high pitched, crowing sound when inhaling or ends in a high-pitched “whoop”; a coughing spell that may end in a momentary loss of consciousness, or a cough with difficulty in breathing; vomiting during a severe bout of coughing; diarrhea, and chocking spells in infants.

Treatment

Bed rest and antibiotics are prescribed.

#3 – Cholera (call-er-a)

What is cholera?

Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with bacteria.

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How do you get cholera?

A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the feces of an infected person. Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera, and a few persons in the United States have contracted cholera after eating raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico. Casual contact with an infected person is not a risk for becoming ill.

What are the symptoms of cholera?

The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe. Approximately one in 20 infected persons has severe disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours.

Treatment

Increasing fluids is essential. Antibiotics can also help.

#4 – Typhoid (tie-foid) Fever

What is typhoid fever?

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by bacteria.

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How do you get typhoid fever?

The bacteria live only in humans. You can get typhoid fever if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding the bacteria or if sewage contaminated with bacteria gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food. Therefore, typhoid fever is more common in areas of the world where hand washing is less frequent and water is likely to be contaminated with sewage.

What are the symptoms of typhoid fever?

Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F. They may also feel weak, or have stomach pains, headache, or loss of appetite. In some cases, patients have a rash of flat, rose-colored spots.

Treatment

Using antibiotics, increasing fluids, and a healthy diet.

#5 – Pneumonia (new-moan-ya)

What is pneumonia?

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. Bacterial pneumonias tend to be the most serious. In adults, bacteria are the most common cause.

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How do you get pneumonia?

The bacteria that cause pneumonia are contagious and are usually found in fluid from the mouth or nose of an infected person. Illness can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes on a person, by sharing drinking glasses and eating utensils, and when a person touches the used tissues or handkerchiefs of an infected person.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

Symptoms can include a cough, chills with shaking, ever, easy fatigue, chest pain, headache, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, excessive sweating, clammy skin, and coughing up blood.

Treatment

If caused by bacteria – antibiotics are prescribed. If caused by fungus, antifungals will be prescribed.

Pneumonia Bacteria Pneumonia Fungus

#6 – Bronchitis (bron-kite-iss)

What is bronchitis?

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which results in increased production of mucous, as well as other changes. It can be caused by a bacteria.

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How can I get bronchitis?

The bacteria that cause bronchitis are sprayed into the air or onto people’s hands when they cough. You can get bronchitis if you breathe in these bacteria. You can also get it if you touch a hand that is coated with the bacteria.

What are the symptoms of bronchitis?

The following are the most common symptoms for bronchitis; however, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: cough; expectoration (spitting out) of mucus; frequent and severe respiratory infections; narrowing and plugging of the breathing tubes; and difficult breathing

Treatment

If caused by bacteria, antibiotics can help. Rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and cough medicines help as well.

#7 – Salmonella

What is salmonella?

Salmonella is a type of food poisoning caused by bacteria.

How do I get salmonella?

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Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal. Contaminated foods are often of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but all foods, including vegetables may become contaminated. Many raw foods of animal origin are frequently contaminated, but fortunately, thorough cooking kills Salmonella. Food may also become contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler, who forgot to wash his or her hands with soap after using the bathroom. Transmission may also occur by handling pet turtles, baby chicks, frogs, and snails that harbor the Salmonella bacteria.

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

Symptoms can vary greatly from person to person, may occur 12-72 hours after ingestion of contaminated food or water, and may last 4-7 days. Most individuals experience two or more of the following symptoms: onset of severe headaches, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and muscle aches. Some individuals experience no symptoms but harbor the bacteria in their intestines and are at risk of spreading it to other individuals. A diagnosis of Salmonella infection is made by testing a stool specimen for the presence of the bacteria.

Treatment Usually no antibiotics are given because it last such a short time. Rest and drinking plenty of fluids is usually the best course.

#8 - E. coli

What is E. coli?

E. coli are bacteria that normally live in the intestines of humans and animals. Although, most of these bacteria are harmless, several are known to produce toxins that can cause diarrhea and food poisoning.

How do I get E. coli?

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The bacteria are acquired by eating food containing the bacteria. The bacteria live in the intestines of some healthy cattle, and contamination of the meat may occur in the slaughtering process. Eating meat that is rare or inadequately cooked is the most common way of getting the infection. Person-to-person transmission can occur if infected people do not wash their hands after using the toilet.

What are the symptoms of E. coli?

Symptoms start about 7 days after you are infected with the germ. The first sign is severe abdominal cramps that start suddenly. After a few hours, watery diarrhea starts. The diarrhea causes your body to lose fluids and electrolytes (dehydration). This makes you feel sick and tired. The watery diarrhea lasts for about a day. Then the diarrhea changes to bright red bloody stools. The infection makes sores in your intestines, so the stools become bloody. Bloody diarrhea lasts for 2 to 5 days. You might have 10 or more bowel movements a day. Some people say their stools are "all blood and no stool." You may have a mild fever or no fever. You may also have nausea or vomiting. If you have any of these symptoms - watery, bloody diarrhea, cramps, fever, nausea, or vomiting - try to get to your doctor right away.

Treatment

Drink plenty of water and don’t take medication for diarrhea because the body is getting rid of the disease.

#9 – Malaria

What is malaria?

Malaria is a debilitating, infectious disease caused by a protozoan and transmitted by a mosquito

How do I get malaria?

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Humans get malaria from the bite of a malaria-infected mosquito. When a mosquito bites an infected person, it ingests microscopic malaria parasites found in the person’s blood.

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Symptoms of malaria include fever and flu-like illness, including shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, and tiredness. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. Malaria may cause anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of the skin and eyes) because of the loss of red blood cells. If not promptly treated, may cause kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma, and death.

Treatment

It is essential to get antimalarial drugs as soon as possible.

#10 - Strep Throat

What is strep throat?

Strep throat is a sore throat caused by bacteria.

How do I get strep throat?

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These bacteria are spread through direct contact with mucus from the nose or throat of persons who are infected or through contact with infected wounds or sores on the skin. Preventing its spread is helped by: good hand washing not sharing eating utensils, or drinking from the same container used by the ill person, and avoiding close contact while ill.

What are the symptoms of strep throat?

Symptoms of strep throat may include: significant fever of approximately 101 degrees Fahrenheit or higher; pus, or white spots, on either or both the tonsils and throat area when the tonsils have been previously removed; swollen, tender lymph nodes in the throat area, just below the ear, where the jaw bone and neck meet; and a feeling of being sicker than you normally would be with a cold.

Treatment

An antibiotic is prescribed.

#11 – Diphtheria

What is diphtheria?

Diphtheria is a very contagious and potentially life-threatening infection that usually attacks the throat and nose. Diphtheria is caused by bacteria. The bacteria produce a toxin (poison) that is carried in the bloodstream.

How do I get diphtheria?12



Diphtheria spreads from person to person very easily. People get diphtheria by breathing in diphtheria bacteria after an infected person has coughed or sneezed. People also get diphtheria from close contact with discharges from an infected person's mouth, nose, throat, or skin. Some people can be infected but not appear ill. They can also spread the infection.

What are the symptoms of diphtheria?

Symptoms include a sore throat, fever and chills, bloody and watery drainage from the nose, croup like coughing, and difficult or rapid breathing. In more serious cases, it can attack the nerves and heart. Because of widespread immunization, diphtheria is very rare in the United States. However, some people are not adequately vaccinated, and cases still occur.

Treatment

Antibiotics and/or antitoxins are prescribed.

#12 - Tetanus

What is tetanus?

Tetanus, commonly called lockjaw, is a bacterial disease that affects the nervous system.

How do I get tetanus?

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Tetanus is contracted through a wound, which becomes contaminated with the organism. It is not transmitted from person to person.

What are the symptoms of tetanus?

A common first sign of tetanus is muscular stiffness in the jaw (lockjaw), followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, rigidity of abdominal muscles, spasms, sweating, and fever.

Treatment

A tetanus antitoxin and antibiotics are prescribed.

#13 – Tuberculosis (two-berk-u-low-sis)

What is tuberculosis?

A highly contagious, airborne, rod-shaped bacteria that thrives on oxygen, and primarily attacks the lungs, but which may also affect the kidneys, bones, lymph nodes, and brain.

How do I get tuberculosis?14



Infection spreads through direct person-to-person contact. When an infected person talks, coughs, sings, or spits, tiny aerosolized droplets containing bacteria are released into the air and inhaled by uninfected persons. Viable bacteria can remain in the air for a long time.

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?

Symptoms include: cough that is worse in the morning (sometimes with hemoptysis, blood in the sputum), chest pain, breathlessness, night sweats, and signs of pneumonia. In advanced disease, there may be extreme weight loss. Examination with a stethoscope may reveal diminished breath sounds, bronchial breathing, tracheal deviation, and coarse crackles.

Treatment

Long-term antibiotics are prescribed (6 – 12 months) – doctors could prescribe at least four different antibiotics.

#14 – Aspergillosis (asper-jill-o-sis)

What is aspergillosis?

A fungal infection that attacks the respiratory system, usually with fever, cough, and chest pain.

How do I get aspergillosis?

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Transmission is through inhalation of airborne spores.

What are the symptoms of aspergillosis?

Cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, and night sweats, sinus pain and facial swelling. It may disseminate to other organs, including brain, skin, and bone. Also causes allergic sinusitis and allergic bronchopulmonary disease.

Treatment

Antifungal drugs are prescribed.

#15 – Histoplasmosis (histo-plaz-mo-sis)

What is histoplasmosis?

Histoplasmosis is an infection of the respiratory system caused by fungus.

How do I get histoplasmosis?

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Histoplasmosis is spread through the air. If soil containing the histoplasmosis fungus is disturbed, the fungus spores get into the air. People can breathe in the spores and get histoplasmosis. The disease is not spread from person to person.

What are the symptoms of histoplasmosis?

Most infected persons have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they vary widely, depending on the form of the disease.

The lung infection can be short-term (acute) and relatively mild, or it can be long-term (chronic) and serious. Symptoms of the acute lung infection are tiredness, fever, chills, chest pains, and a dry cough. The chronic lung infection is like tuberculosis and occurs mostly in persons who already have lung disease. It can progress over months or years and can scar the lungs.

Disseminated histoplasmosis results in a variety of serious symptoms and can involve all body organs. The liver and spleen usually become enlarged, and sores in the mouth or gastrointestinal tract can develop. Disseminated histoplasmosis can be fatal.

Treatment

Treatment for mild cases is not required. More serious forms of the disease require antifungal medications.

#16 - Athlete’s Foot

What is athlete’s foot?

Athlete’s foot is a very common skin condition — many people will develop it at least once in their lives. It is more frequent among teenage and adult males. Athlete’s foot is a fungal infection, tiny plant-like “germs," that can grow and multiply on human skin, especially the feet. It grows best in a dark, moist, and warm environment. A foot inside a shoe is the perfect place for the fungus.

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How do I get athlete’s foot?

Athlete’s foot is contagious and may be caught by walking barefoot in the locker room. However, it is not known exactly who is at risk for getting athlete’s foot. Sweaty feet, tight shoes/socks, not drying one’s feet well after swimming, bathing, or exercising all contribute to the development of athlete’s foot.

What are the symptoms of athlete’s foot?

There is an annoying, persistent itching of the skin on the sole of the foot or between the toes (often the fourth and fifth toes). As the infection progresses, the skin grows soft. The center of the infection is inflamed and sensitive to the touch. Gradually, the edges of the infected area become milky white and the skin begins to peel. There may also be a slight watery discharge.

Treatment

For mild cases, over-the-counter antifungal creams or lotions are used. For more serious cases, or if the case does not respond to the over-the-counter creams, antifungal medication can be prescribed.

#17 – Giardiasis (GEE-are-DYE-uh-sis)

What is giardiasis?

It is a diarrheal illness caused by a protozoan, Giardia intestinalis, that lives in the intestine of people and animals.

How do I get giardiasis?

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The parasite is passed in the stool of an infected person or animal. The parasite is protected by an outer shell that allows it to survive outside the body and in the environment for long periods of time. You can become infected after accidentally swallowing the parasite. Giardia may be found in soil, food, water, or surfaces that have been contaminated with the feces from infected humans or animals. Giardia is not spread by contact with blood. Giardia can be spread: By putting something in your mouth or accidentally swallowing something that has come in contact with the stool of a person or animal infected with Giardia; by swallowing recreational water contaminated with Giardia. Recreational water is water in swimming pools, hot tubs, Jacuzzis, fountains, lakes, rivers, springs, ponds, or streams that can be contaminated with sewage or feces from humans or animals; by eating uncooked food contaminated with Giardia. Thoroughly wash with uncontaminated water all vegetables and fruits you plan to eat raw. See below for information on making water safe; by accidentally swallowing Giardia picked up from surfaces (such as toys, bathroom fixtures, changing tables, diaper pails) contaminated with stool from an infected person.

What are the symptoms of giardiasis?

Symptoms include diarrhea, loose or watery stool, stomach cramps, and upset stomach. These symptoms may lead to weight loss and dehydration. Some people have no symptoms. Symptoms generally begin 1-2 weeks after being infected. In otherwise healthy persons, symptoms may last 2-6 weeks. Occasionally, symptoms last longer.

Treatment

Use of special antibiotics.

#18 – Cryptosporidiosis (krip-toe-spo-rid-ee-oh-sis)

What is cryptosporidiosis?

It is a diarrheal disease caused by a protozoan. It can live in the intestine of humans and animals and is passed in the stool of an infected person or animal.

How do I get cryptosporidiosis?

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The major risk factor is swallowing water contaminated with feces.

What are the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis?

Symptoms include abdominal cramping, diarrhea (usually water, large-volume, and many times a day), depression, and nausea.

Treatment

Antibiotics can be prescribed for treating diarrhea. Drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration is recommended.

#19 – Amebiasis (am-e-bi-a-sis)

What is amebiasis?

Amebiasis is a disease caused by protozoa.

How do I get amebiasis?

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You can get amebiasis by putting anything into your mouth that has touched the stool of a person who is infected the protozoan; by swallowing something, such as water or food, that is contaminated with the protozoan; by touching and bringing to your mouth cysts (eggs) picked up from surfaces that are contaminated with the protozoan.

What are the symptoms of amebiasis?

On average, about one in 10 people who are infected withE. histolytica becomes sick from the infection. The symptoms often are quite mild and can include loose stools, stomach pain, and stomach cramping. Amebic dysentery is a severe form of amebiasis associated with stomach pain, bloody stools, and fever. Rarely, E. histolytica invades the liver and forms an abscess. Even less commonly, it spreads to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or brain.

Treatment

Antibiotics are prescribed.

#20 - Cyclospora (SIGH-clo-SPORE-uh)

What is cyclospora?

A disease caused by protozoan.

How do I get cyclospora?

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Cyclospora is spread by people ingesting something, for example, water or food that was contaminated with infected stool. For example, outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of fresh produce. Cyclospora needs time (days or weeks) after being passed in a bowel movement to become infectious. Therefore, it is unlikely that Cyclospora is passed directly from one person to another.

What are the symptoms of cyclospora?

Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, bloating, increased gas, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, low-grade fever, and fatigue. Some people who are infected with Cyclospora do not have any symptoms. The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about 1 week. If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse).

Treatment

Antibiotics, rest, and drinking plenty of fluids when diarrhea is present.

#21 – Brucellosis (bruce – a – low – sis)

What is brucellosis?

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria.

How do I get brucellosis?

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Humans are generally infected in one of three ways: eating or drinking something that is contaminated with the bacteria, breathing in the organism (inhalation), or having the bacteria enter the body through skin wounds. The most common way to be infected is by eating or drinking contaminated milk products. Direct person-to-person spread of brucellosis is extremely rare.

What are the symptoms of brucellosis?

A person will have a fever, chills, excessive sweating, weakness, fatigue, headaches, stomach pains, back pain, loss of appetite, and joint pain.

Treatment

Antibiotics are prescribed over a long period of time.

#22 – Legionnaire's Disease

What is Legionnaire’s Disease?

Legionnaire’s Disease is an infection caused by bacteria.

How do I get Legionnaire’s Disease?

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Outbreaks of Legionnaire’s Disease have occurred after persons have breathed mists that come from a water source (e.g., air conditioning cooling towers, whirlpool spas, showers) contaminated with the bacteria. Persons may be exposed to these mists in homes, workplaces, hospitals, or public places. Legionnaire’s Disease is not passed from person to person, and there is no evidence of persons becoming infected from auto air conditioners or household window air-conditioning units.

What are the symptoms of Legionnaire’s Disease?

Patients with Legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough, which may be dry or may produce sputum. Some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. Laboratory tests may show that these patients' kidneys are not functioning properly,

Treatment

Antibiotics are prescribed and, if serious enough, hospitalization can be required.

#23 – Scarlet Fever

What is Scarlet Fever?

Scarlet Fever is an infection caused by bacteria.

How do I get Scarlet Fever?

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This illness can be caught from other people if you come in contact with the sick person because this germ is carried in the mouth and nasal fluids. If you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes after touching something that has these fluids on them, you may become ill. Also, if you drink from the same glass or eat from the same plate as the sick person, you could also become ill. The best way to keep from getting sick is to wash your hands often and avoid sharing eating utensils.

What are the symptoms of Scarlet Fever?

The most common symptoms of scarlet fever are:

A rash first appears as tiny red bumps on the chest and abdomen. This rash may then spread all over the body. It looks like a sunburn and feels like a rough piece of sandpaper. It is usually redder in the armpits and groin areas. The rash lasts about 2-5 days. After the rash is gone, often the skin on the tips of the fingers and toes begins to peel.

The face is flushed with a pale area around the lips. The throat is very red and sore. It can have white or yellow patches. A fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 degrees Celsius) or higher is common. Chills are often seen

with the fever. Glands in the neck are often swollen. A whitish coating can appear on the surface of the tongue. The tongue itself looks like a strawberry

because the normal bumps on the tongue look bigger.

Other less common symptoms include:

Nausea and vomiting Headache Body aches

Treatment

Antibiotics are prescribed.

#24 – Traveler’s Diarrhea

What is Traveler’s Diarrhea?

Traveler’s Diarrhea is an infection caused by bacteria.

How do I get Traveler’s Diarrhea?

The primary source of infection is ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water.25



What are the symptoms of Traveler’s Diarrhea?

Most TD cases begin abruptly. The illness usually results in increased frequency, volume, and weight of stool. Altered stool consistency also is common. Typically, a traveler experiences four to five loose or watery bowel movements each day. Other commonly associated symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, bloating, fever, urgency, and malaise.

Treatment

Most cases are benign and resolve in 1-2 days without treatment.

#25 – Bubonic Plague (Boo-bon-ik)

What is Bubonic Plague?

Bubonic Plague is an infection caused by bacteria.

How do I get Bubonic Plague?

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Plague is transmitted among rodents and to humans by fleabite or ingestion of the feces of fleas. It can also be transmitted from human to human when a plague victim develops pneumonia and spreads infected droplets by coughing.

What are the symptoms of Bubonic Plague?

Sudden onset of high fever, chills, general discomfort and uneasiness, muscular pain, severe headache, and seizures.

Treatment

Hospitalization and antibiotics,

#26 – Meningitis (Men-in-gi-tis)

What is Meningitis?

Meningitis is an infection caused by bacteria.

How do I get Meningitis?

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It is a contagious disease. You can only get it when a person has been in very close contact with a person who becomes sick, such as a household member or a girlfriend or boyfriend. The bacteria are spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions (i.e., coughing, kissing). The bacteria are not spread by casual contact or by simply breathing the air where a person with meningococcal disease has been.

What are the symptoms of Meningitis?

A high fever, headache, stiff neck, or a development of a dark purple rash. These symptoms at first may appear similar to other illnesses such as the flu, but the symptoms progress rapidly and persons with meningococcal disease can be seriously ill 12-24 hours after symptoms start.

Treatment

Hospitalization and antibiotics.

#27 – Listeriosis (Lis-tear-e-o-sis)

What is Listeriosis?

Listeriosis is a disease caused by bacteria.

How do I get Listeriosis?

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Eating food contaminated by the Listeria bacteria.

What are the symptoms of Listeriosis?

A person with listeriosis has fever, muscle aches, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or diarrhea. If infection spreads to the nervous system, symptoms such as headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, or convulsions can occur.

Treatment

Antibiotics and possible hospitalization for serious cases.

#28 – Shigellosis (shig-u-low-sis)

What is Shigellosis?

Shigellosis is a disease caused by bacteria.

How do I get Shigellosis?

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It is passed from the diarrhea from one person to the next person. A person comes into contact with the diarrhea from one person and does not wash hands after contact. The person makes contact with their mouth and the bacteria get into their system (fecal-to-oral).

What are the symptoms of Shigellosis?

Most who are infected with Shigella (the bacteria) develop diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps starting a day or two after they are exposed to the bacteria. The diarrhea is often bloody.

Treatment

Mild cases need no medication and clear up within five to seven days. More serious cases can be treated with antibiotics. Drinking plenty of fluids is needed to keep hydrated.

#29 – Sporotrichosis (spore-o-trick-o-sis)

What is Sporotrichosis?

Sporotrichosis is a disease caused by a fungus.

How do I get Sporotrichosis?

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The fungus can be found in some mosses, in hay, in other plant materials, and in the soil. It enters the skin through small cuts or punctures from thorns, barbs, pine needles, or wires. It can also be inhaled and cause pulmonary infection or disseminated infection. It is not spread from person to person.

What are the symptoms of Sporotrichosis?

The first symptom is usually a small painless bump resembling an insect bite. It can be red, pink, or purple in color. The bump usually appears on the finger, hand, or arm where the fungus first enters through a break on the skin. This is followed by one or more additional bumps which open and may resemble boils. Eventually lesions look like open sores and are very slow to heal. The infection can spread to other parts of the body, including bones and joints and the central nervous system.

Treatment

Antifungals are prescribed.

#30 – Impetigo (im-peh-tie-go)

What is Impetigo?

Impetigo is a disease caused by bacteria.

How do I get Impetigo?

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Impetigo may itch and can be spread by scratching. Kids can spread the infection by scratching it and then touching other parts of the body.Impetigo is contagious and can spread to anyone who comes into contact with infected skin or other items, such as clothing, towels, and bed linens, that have been touched by infected skin.

What are the symptoms of Impetigo?

Impetigo may affect skin anywhere on the body but commonly occurs around the nose and mouth, hands, and forearms. It can begin as tiny blisters. These blisters eventually burst and leave small wet patches of red skin that may weep fluid. Gradually, a tan or yellowish-brown crust covers the affected area, making it look like it has been coated with honey or brown sugar. It can also be larger fluid-containing blisters that appear clear, then cloudy. These blisters are more likely to stay intact longer on the skin without bursting.

Treatment

Small areas on the skin can be treated with antibiotic ointment. If the infection spreads, or the antibiotics ointment don’t work, antibiotics can be prescribed.

#31- Pink Eye

What is Pink Eye?

Pink Eye is a disease sometimes caused by bacteria.

How do I get Pink Eye?

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Pinkeye is contagious. You can get by touching an infected person or something an infected person has touched, such as a used tissue. In the summertime, pinkeye can spread when kids swim in contaminated water or share contaminated towels. It also can be spread through coughing and sneezing. Someone who has pinkeye in one eye can also inadvertently spread it to the other eye by touching the infected eye, then touching the other one.

What are the symptoms of Pink Eye?

One of the most common symptoms is discomfort in the eye. It can feel like there's sand in the eye. There is redness of the eye and inner eyelid. It can also cause discharge from the eyes, which may cause the eyelids to stick together in the morning. Some have swollen eyelids or sensitivity to bright light.

Treatment

Antibiotic eye drops or ointment will be prescribed.

#32 – Dental Caries (carries)/Tooth Decay

What is Dental Caries?

Dental Caries is a disease caused by bacteria.

How do I get Dental Caries?

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Tooth decay is one of the most common of all disorders. Bacteria are normally present in the mouth. The bacteria convert all foods into acids. Bacteria, acid, food debris, and saliva combine in the mouth to form a sticky substance called plaque that adheres to the teeth. Plaque begins to build up on teeth within 20 minutes after eating (the time when most bacterial activity occurs). The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel surface of the tooth and create holes in the tooth (cavities).

What are the symptoms of Dental Caries?

Toothache -- particularly after sweet, hot, or cold foods and drinks Visible pits or holes in the teeth.

Treatment

The decayed material is removed (by drilling) and replaced with a restorative material such as silver alloy, gold, porcelain, or composite resin.

#33 – Rat-Bite Fever

What is Rat-Bite Fever?

Rat-Bite Fever is a disease caused by bacteria.

How do I get Rat-Bite Fever?

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Rat-bite fever refers to an infection which usually develops after having been bitten or scratched by an infected rat. Other rodents (such as mice and gerbils) may also spread the infection to humans. Sometimes infection can result from handling infected rats, with no reported bite or scratch.

What are the symptoms of Rat-Bite Fever?

Symptoms usually occur 2-10 days after exposure to an infected animal. Common symptoms include an abrupt onset of chills and fever, vomiting, pain in the back and joints, headache and muscle pain. By this time, the wound itself has usually already healed. Within 2-4 days after the onset of fever, a rash appears on the hands and feet. One or more large joints may then become swollen, red, and painful.

Treatment

Rat-bite fever can be treated with antibiotics. Treatment is highly effective.

#34 – Rheumatic (roo-mat-ik) Fever

What is Rheumatic Fever?

Rheumatic Fever is a disease caused by bacteria.

How do I get Rheumatic Fever?

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It can develop as a rare complication of untreated or undertreated strep throat infection.

What are the symptoms of Rheumatic Fever?

Symptoms of rheumatic fever may include: painful, swollen joints; chest pain; fatigue; shortness of breath; faint pink or red rash; jerky body movements; & fever.

Treatment

Antibiotics and other medications are prescribed.

#35 – Toxoplasmosis (tax-o-plaz-mo-sis)

What is Toxoplasmosis?

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by protozoans.

How do I get Toxoplasmosis?

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People can catch toxoplasmosis from: touching or coming into contact with infected cat feces (cats get the infection from eating infected rodents, birds, or other small animals), eating raw or undercooked meat that's infected; or eating uncooked, unwashed fruits or vegetables that have been contaminated by manure.

What are the symptoms of Toxoplasmosis?

Most often, you won't know that you've contracted toxoplasmosis, although some people may develop toxoplasmosis symptoms similar to those of the flu or mononucleosis, such as: body aches, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, fatigue, and occasionally, a sore throat.

Treatment

Most people will not need treatment. If treatment is required, antimalarial drugs are prescribed.

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