Bacteria
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Transcript of Bacteria
Bacteria
What is a bacterium?
Archaebacteria: bacteria that lacks the peptidoglycan layer in its structure- Older (in time) bacteria◦ Live in oxygen free environment◦ Produce methane gas (methanogens)◦ Lives in EXTREME environments marshes, salty
environments, volcanoes
Eubacteria: Bacteria that DOES have the peptidoglycan layer in its structure. Common bacteria (E.coli, Streptococcus)
Diversity of Prokaryotes- Key Characteristics
Where Do Bacteria Live?
Eubacteria soil, in organisms
Archeabacteria harsh environments (hot springs, animal digestive tract, salty lakes, etc.)
Where do they live?
BACTERIA ARE PROKARYOTIC microorganisms that can be found everywhere
What is a bacterium? Structure
DNA genetic information for the organism
Cell Wall gives structure and shape. Prevents
osmosis form bursting the cell for the bacteria: Archeabacteria has NO peptidoglycan in the cell wall BUT Eubacteria does
Pili pointy structures that allow for
attachment to cells
Structures
Cytoplasm watery material that carries minerals allows for transport within the organism
Plasma membrane surrounds the organism. Allows for transport of material in and out of the organism
Ribosomes synthesizes (makes) protein
Structures Continued
Flagella aids in movement of some bacteria
Capsule sticky gelatin that some bacteria have. Helps in attachment and causing disease
Plasmid small circular piece of genetic material that contains a few genes
Flagella- whip like structure that aids in movement
Slime- slime layer on the outside that moves bacteria along
Spiral movement- propelling of the bacteria with a spiral movement
Movement of Bacteria
Circular coccus◦ Streptococcus
Rodbacillus◦ Clostridium botulinum
Spiral spirillum ◦ Spirillum volutans
Shapes of bacteria
Type of arrangement+type of bacteria= how they hangout
Arrangement◦ Diplo= in pairs◦ Strepto= in a chain◦ Staphylo= in clusters
◦ Example: Diplobacillus= rod shaped in pairs◦ Streptococcus= circular shape in chains Staphylobaccillus= rod shape clusters
How bacteria arrange themselves?
Binary FissionGenetic info is duplicated and bacteria splitsType of asexual reproduction
Bacteria Reproduction
Conjugation of Bacteria- “Sexual” Reproduction
•Genetic information is exchanged between two bacterial cells through a conjugation tube
•DNA is taken up by the plasmid
•Each bacterial cell can now divide.
Obligate Aerobes bacteria that USES oxygen for carrying out life processes
Obligate Anaerobes bacteria that DOES NOT use oxygen for carrying out life processes
Facultative Anaerobes bacteria that can live in an environment that can either have or not have oxygen
Adaptations in Bacteria- How they survive
Autotrophic
◦ Make it themselves with the help of light or inorganic matter and chemicals Chemoautotroph- An organism, such as a bacterium that
obtains its nourishment through the breakdown of inorganic chemical compounds. Ex: Sulfuric bacteria
Photoautotroph- an organism, such as bacteria that synthesizes its own food from inorganic substances using light energy Ex: Cyanobacteria
Bacteria Nutrition
HeterotrophicBreakdown food, dead or decaying matter
(organic matter). Decomposers Photoheterotroph= use light for energy , but still must
obtain food from another source Ex: Helicobacteria
Chemoheterotroph= use the breakdown of chemicals to generate energy but the source comes from another organism. Ex: Bacteria in our gut- E.coli
Bacteria Nutrition
Absolutely!!
Endospore structure◦ A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell◦ It contains the cell’s genetic material and some of
its cytoplasm.◦ It can resist freezing, heating, and drying, they
can survive for many years until the right conditions are present.
Can bacteria protect themselves?
Nitrogen Fixation- bacteria breaks down nitrogen in soil to make it usable for plants
Recycling of Nutrients- bacteria breaks down dead organic matter to return minerals back to the soil
Food and Medicine- cheese, yogurt (lactobacillus acidophilus), sour cream, saurkraut all have bacteria
Importance of Bacteria
Fuels some Archaebacteria produces methane gas
Symbiotic Relationships◦ E. Coli Vitamin K in Human Intestines
Importance of Bacteria
Spoil food Food poisoning because of undercooked
foods Producing toxins that harm living things
Things that are bad about bacteria
Bacteria attaches to our cells and release toxins that make us sick
Some are…Pneumonia Strep pneumonia
Anthrax Bacilli anthracis Whooping Cough Bordetella pertussis
Bacteria Causes Disease
Take antibiotics to kill the peptidoglycan of the bacteria◦ Pennicillin, streptomyocin, ampicillin, etc.
◦ Survival of Bacteria Many bacteria are now resistant to these
medications and can survive even if you do take them!! ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
What do we do if a bacteria attacks us?
Good and Bad of Bacteria
5 ways that bacteria are important are… 4 places where archaebacteria are found
are… 3 shapes that bacteria can be are… 2 diseases that are caused by bacteria are… 1way that bacteria are winning the war on
infection is…
5-4-3-2-1 Summary