Background Native Americans Early European Exploration Spanish, French settlements.
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Background Native Americans Early European Exploration Spanish, French settlements
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Transcript of Background Native Americans Early European Exploration Spanish, French settlements.
Background
Native AmericansEarly European ExplorationSpanish, French settlements
Earliest immigrants
• 35,000-25,000 BC– Ice Age
–Hunter / gatherers
–Beringia
The First Americans?
• Hohokam• Anasazi
• Farmers of SW–Pueblos
Early European exploration
• Vikings–Around 1000 AD–Short-lived settlement
Europe before Columbus
• feudalism
• centralized states
• merchant class
Europe before Columbus
• Renaissance–Artistic/intellectual movement–Humanism–Exploration
• New technology–Gunpowder–Astrolabe–Compass
Europeans go exploring
• Portugal–Prince Henry
the Navigator
–Da Gama / Dias
–Sea routes to India
Christopher Columbus
• Sailed in 1492
• Genoa, Italy
• Reach Asia by sailing W
• Nobody in Italy believed him…
Christopher Columbus
…but you’ve been
lied to…
Christopher Columbus
• Ferdinand & Isabella sponsored
• Quick sea route to Asia–Quick route = big profits
• Found Caribbean Islands
Spanish goals• 3 reasons for exploration:
–God
Spanish goals• 3 reasons for exploration:
–God–Gold
Spanish goals• 3 reasons for exploration:
–God–Gold–Glory
Spanish goals
• Find gold• Convert natives to Christianity• Dominance over rest of Europe
Spanish impact on Natives
• Conquistadors encountered:– Aztecs (Mexico)– Maya (Central America)– Inca (South America)
• Advanced: Math, science, astronomy• Not advanced: No steel, guns, horses
Spanish go north
• Juan Ponce de Leon• Explored FL
(beginning 1513)• “Fountain of youth”
• St. Augustine• 1st permanent
settlement - 1565
Spanish go north
• Coronado• Explored what is now SW USA• Called it New Mexico
• Franciscan missionaries• Intermarriage common
–Mestizos
Encomienda system
• Landowners – native workers’ “caretakers”– Protection– Spanish language– Catholicism
• In return – labor from natives– Akin to slavery
Popé’s Rebellion• 1680 – Santa Fé
–Popé – Pueblo leader–Killed 400 Spanish, expelled other 2000
• Spanish reconquered 1692
• Columbian Exchange• Europeans get new foods • People in Americas get new foods
• (and deadly diseases)
Disease• Natives had no immunity
• Measles• Mumps• Chicken pox• Typhus• Smallpox• Disease was worse than any army
Impact on Europe
• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)• Spain and Portugal had been setting
up colonies• Battled over areas of control• Agreed on border to split up Americas
Who do you think won?
Portugese ControlSpanish Control
French settlement
• Fur trading camps:–Modern Canada–Native-friendly–Mostly men – hunters & priests–Intermarriage with natives
• (Hunters, not all that many priests)
French settlement
• Fur trading camps:–Small population
• Only Catholics allowed• No Huguenots
–Few towns – only trading posts
French settlement
• Samuel de Champlain
–Alliance with Huron vs. Iroqouis Confederacy over fur trade control
–Founded Quebec 1608
