Background for Great Gatsby and the 1920’s
Transcript of Background for Great Gatsby and the 1920’s
1
American Dream Handouts
R Gingrich PhD
Background for Great Gatsby and the 1920rsquos
Dr Gingrich AP English Language and Composition
Interpreting the Great Gatbsy involves understanding what occurred during the time period as historical
background much like understanding Huck Finn required understanding the pre-Civil War south and The
Crucible required understanding Puritan society In this activity I want you to think about how Jay
Daisy Tom and Nick were products of their time period and reflected values of that age Also as we are
investigating these primary documents think about how you could be using primary documents and sources for your decades project
1 Select a topic and find two different artifacts on the period 1900-1930 2 You may use the following web pages or you may use you google-find two primary sources-
newspaper articles magazine pamphlets etc or photographs visual imagesmdashwrite responses to the following questions You may also do a Salem search (but you are looking for primary sources photographs news articles journaldiary entries political documents speeches etc)
3 Print out your artifactmdashunder the unusual circumstance of the printer not working ndashsave as word file or power point and email this assignment to me with your artifacts at gingrichfultonschoolsorg)
The following guide will help you consider the issues of the time period
Adapted from Material Culture Analysis Guide ndash created by Gretchen Soren
Observation What do you see in the object Describe everything you can about it - content
imagerytext style craftsmanship What tone does this create
Analysis
Creator
Who created the object What can you infer from the object about the purpose for whichit was created
2
Audience
Who was the object for What can you infer from the object about its intended use How do
you think the audience of the time would have responded to the object Would our response today be different
America in the 1920s
What specific information about life in America during the 1920s does the object
convey What attitudes does this object connect to
Questions
What questions do you have What other kinds of information would you like to see in order to understand the context more thoroughly Whose voices would you like to hear
Great Gatsby What does this tell us about the time periodmdashhow does this connect to the novel either an event image or tone of the novel
You can do any topic from the 1920s you want but here are some guides
General Topics and primary documents
httpwwwdigitalhistoryuheduresource_guidescontent_sourcescfmtpc=23
httpwwwvlibusamdocsindexhtml1920
httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycom20frmhtm
Chicago Daily News Artifacts
3
httpmemorylocgovammemndlpcoopichihtmlcdnhomehtml
Baseball Cards
httpmemorylocgovammembbhtmlbbhomehtml
Advertising
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsadvertising
Baseball and Jackie Robinson
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsrobinsonjrgmabouthtml
Coolidge Era
httpmemorylocgovammemcoolhtmlcoolhomehtml
Edison and Sound Recordings
httpmemorylocgovammemedhtmledhomehtml
Buildings and Architecture
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionslandscape
New York City Turn of the Century
httpmemorylocgovammempaprnychomehtml
Turn of the Century Photographs
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionstouring
4
Womenrsquos Suffrage
httpmemorylocgovammemnawnawshomehtml
Prohibition
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Black Sox Scandal
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Jazz Music
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Al Capone
httpwwwchicagohsorghistorycaponecpn1html
Charles Lindbergh
httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycomlindberghhtm
5
Great Gatsby Characterization Essay
Prewriting
Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom
Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim
For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)
For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters
Writing Essay
1 In an essay explain
what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important
2 Use quotes to explain these character traits
3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the
charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the
paper
4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)
Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate
1st drafts are due Monday February 5th
2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th
6
Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby
1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is
What do you think that your section is about
2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time
3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem
4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby
Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel
Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock
Dr Gingrich AP Lang
1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and
metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling
2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice
7
3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not
4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock
4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different
5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument
8
1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot
Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero
Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo
LET us go then you and I
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table
Let us go through certain half-deserted streets
The muttering retreats 5
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10
Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo
Let us go and make our visit
In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
2
Audience
Who was the object for What can you infer from the object about its intended use How do
you think the audience of the time would have responded to the object Would our response today be different
America in the 1920s
What specific information about life in America during the 1920s does the object
convey What attitudes does this object connect to
Questions
What questions do you have What other kinds of information would you like to see in order to understand the context more thoroughly Whose voices would you like to hear
Great Gatsby What does this tell us about the time periodmdashhow does this connect to the novel either an event image or tone of the novel
You can do any topic from the 1920s you want but here are some guides
General Topics and primary documents
httpwwwdigitalhistoryuheduresource_guidescontent_sourcescfmtpc=23
httpwwwvlibusamdocsindexhtml1920
httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycom20frmhtm
Chicago Daily News Artifacts
3
httpmemorylocgovammemndlpcoopichihtmlcdnhomehtml
Baseball Cards
httpmemorylocgovammembbhtmlbbhomehtml
Advertising
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsadvertising
Baseball and Jackie Robinson
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsrobinsonjrgmabouthtml
Coolidge Era
httpmemorylocgovammemcoolhtmlcoolhomehtml
Edison and Sound Recordings
httpmemorylocgovammemedhtmledhomehtml
Buildings and Architecture
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionslandscape
New York City Turn of the Century
httpmemorylocgovammempaprnychomehtml
Turn of the Century Photographs
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionstouring
4
Womenrsquos Suffrage
httpmemorylocgovammemnawnawshomehtml
Prohibition
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Black Sox Scandal
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Jazz Music
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Al Capone
httpwwwchicagohsorghistorycaponecpn1html
Charles Lindbergh
httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycomlindberghhtm
5
Great Gatsby Characterization Essay
Prewriting
Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom
Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim
For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)
For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters
Writing Essay
1 In an essay explain
what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important
2 Use quotes to explain these character traits
3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the
charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the
paper
4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)
Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate
1st drafts are due Monday February 5th
2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th
6
Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby
1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is
What do you think that your section is about
2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time
3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem
4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby
Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel
Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock
Dr Gingrich AP Lang
1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and
metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling
2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice
7
3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not
4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock
4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different
5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument
8
1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot
Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero
Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo
LET us go then you and I
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table
Let us go through certain half-deserted streets
The muttering retreats 5
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10
Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo
Let us go and make our visit
In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
3
httpmemorylocgovammemndlpcoopichihtmlcdnhomehtml
Baseball Cards
httpmemorylocgovammembbhtmlbbhomehtml
Advertising
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsadvertising
Baseball and Jackie Robinson
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsrobinsonjrgmabouthtml
Coolidge Era
httpmemorylocgovammemcoolhtmlcoolhomehtml
Edison and Sound Recordings
httpmemorylocgovammemedhtmledhomehtml
Buildings and Architecture
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionslandscape
New York City Turn of the Century
httpmemorylocgovammempaprnychomehtml
Turn of the Century Photographs
httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionstouring
4
Womenrsquos Suffrage
httpmemorylocgovammemnawnawshomehtml
Prohibition
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Black Sox Scandal
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Jazz Music
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Al Capone
httpwwwchicagohsorghistorycaponecpn1html
Charles Lindbergh
httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycomlindberghhtm
5
Great Gatsby Characterization Essay
Prewriting
Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom
Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim
For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)
For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters
Writing Essay
1 In an essay explain
what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important
2 Use quotes to explain these character traits
3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the
charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the
paper
4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)
Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate
1st drafts are due Monday February 5th
2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th
6
Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby
1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is
What do you think that your section is about
2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time
3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem
4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby
Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel
Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock
Dr Gingrich AP Lang
1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and
metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling
2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice
7
3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not
4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock
4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different
5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument
8
1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot
Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero
Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo
LET us go then you and I
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table
Let us go through certain half-deserted streets
The muttering retreats 5
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10
Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo
Let us go and make our visit
In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
4
Womenrsquos Suffrage
httpmemorylocgovammemnawnawshomehtml
Prohibition
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Black Sox Scandal
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Jazz Music
httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery
Al Capone
httpwwwchicagohsorghistorycaponecpn1html
Charles Lindbergh
httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycomlindberghhtm
5
Great Gatsby Characterization Essay
Prewriting
Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom
Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim
For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)
For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters
Writing Essay
1 In an essay explain
what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important
2 Use quotes to explain these character traits
3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the
charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the
paper
4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)
Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate
1st drafts are due Monday February 5th
2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th
6
Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby
1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is
What do you think that your section is about
2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time
3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem
4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby
Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel
Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock
Dr Gingrich AP Lang
1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and
metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling
2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice
7
3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not
4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock
4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different
5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument
8
1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot
Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero
Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo
LET us go then you and I
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table
Let us go through certain half-deserted streets
The muttering retreats 5
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10
Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo
Let us go and make our visit
In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
5
Great Gatsby Characterization Essay
Prewriting
Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom
Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim
For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)
For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters
Writing Essay
1 In an essay explain
what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important
2 Use quotes to explain these character traits
3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the
charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the
paper
4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)
Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate
1st drafts are due Monday February 5th
2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th
6
Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby
1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is
What do you think that your section is about
2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time
3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem
4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby
Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel
Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock
Dr Gingrich AP Lang
1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and
metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling
2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice
7
3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not
4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock
4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different
5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument
8
1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot
Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero
Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo
LET us go then you and I
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table
Let us go through certain half-deserted streets
The muttering retreats 5
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10
Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo
Let us go and make our visit
In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
6
Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby
1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is
What do you think that your section is about
2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time
3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem
4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby
Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel
Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock
Dr Gingrich AP Lang
1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and
metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling
2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice
7
3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not
4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock
4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different
5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument
8
1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot
Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero
Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo
LET us go then you and I
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table
Let us go through certain half-deserted streets
The muttering retreats 5
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10
Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo
Let us go and make our visit
In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
7
3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not
4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock
4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different
5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument
8
1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot
Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero
Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo
LET us go then you and I
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table
Let us go through certain half-deserted streets
The muttering retreats 5
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10
Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo
Let us go and make our visit
In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
8
1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot
Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero
Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo
LET us go then you and I
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table
Let us go through certain half-deserted streets
The muttering retreats 5
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10
Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo
Let us go and make our visit
In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
9
The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1
5
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys
Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house and fell asleep
And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25
There will be time there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet
There will be time to murder and create
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate 30
Time for you and time for me
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea
In the room the women come and go 35
Talking of Michelangelo
And indeed there will be time
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
10
To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo
Time to turn back and descend the stair
With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40
[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]
My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin
My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash
[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]
Do I dare 45
Disturb the universe
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse
For I have known them all already known them allmdash
Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room
So how should I presume
And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase
And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60
And how should I presume
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
11
And I have known the arms already known them allmdash
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]
It is perfume from a dress 65
That makes me so digress
Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl
And should I then presume
And how should I begin
Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7
0
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas
And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75
Smoothed by long fingers
Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers
Stretched on the floor here beside you and me
Should I after tea and cakes and ices
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8
0
But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter
I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8
5
And in short I was afraid
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
12
And would it have been worth it after all
After the cups the marmalade the tea
Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me
Would it have been worth while 90
To have bitten off the matter with a smile
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question
To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead
Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95
If one settling a pillow by her head
Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all
That is not it at allrdquo
And would it have been worth it after all
Would it have been worth while 100
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets
After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash
And this and so much moremdash
It is impossible to say just what I mean
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105
Would it have been worth while
If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl
And turning toward the window should say
ldquoThat is not it at all
That is not what I meant at allrdquo
110
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
13
No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be
Am an attendant lord one that will do
To swell a progress start a scene or two
Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool
Deferential glad to be of use 115
Politic cautious and meticulous
Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse
At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash
Almost at times the Fool
I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled
Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach
I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach
I have heard the mermaids singing each to each
I do not think that they will sing to me 125
I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black
We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130
Till human voices wake us and we drown
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
14
Symbolism and The Great Gatsby
Gingrich AP Lang
1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol
2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image
3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel
4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for
the novel
Symbols
The valley of ashes
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
15
The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg
The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock
Water
The owl eyed man
Daisy and the Color White
The Swimming Pool
Gatsbyrsquos Mansion
East EggWest Egg
Gatsbyrsquos dream
Mock Trial Planning Guide
Group Members
Position taking in case
Right Down who will be doing each
A Presenting opening arguments__________________________
B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________
C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down
both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)
1____________________________ _____________________________
2 ____________________________ _____________________________
3 ____________________________ _____________________________
4 ____________________________ _____________________________
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
16
5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________
D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________
E Closing Arguments _________________________
F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct
examination of witnesses)
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
TEAM A1
Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM A2
Defense of Daisy Buchanon
In Death of Myrtle Wilson
TEAM B1
Prosecution of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
TEAM B2
Defense of Janie in the death of
Tea Cake
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
17
In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction
While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially
between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements
of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as
the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the
ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos
In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write
a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both
fiction
and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel
Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters
For this character you are to do each of the following
The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement
The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock
Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)
Include page numbers in your quotes
1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative
dialogue
2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the
perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)
Observations Documents
3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash
figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters
Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
18
In Cold Blood and True Crime
Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo
section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday
at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe
Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)
Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early
example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature
Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the
American imagination
American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
19
Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream
Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014
Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section
Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)
How do our pasts affect our lives
In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream
Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)
What is the most compelling image in the novel
Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the
pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)
Is Gatsby Great
What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)
Can we escape our pasts
Is the American Dream still alive
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
20
Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream
AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014
The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written
in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer
and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream
for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and
mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which
each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable
and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or
position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )
In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will
always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that
through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who
improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible
which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of
Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his
observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm
of anticipated successrdquo
ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the
excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the
active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The
main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise
what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the
description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville
Democracy in America)
The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history
as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams
especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far
more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace
for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )
While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large
part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have
estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion
people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of
contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions
1 What is the American Dream
2 How has the American Dream changed
3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
21
4 Is the dream stil l alive
The Assignment
Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes
(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to
support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on
Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend
refute or qualify the following statement
The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans
(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )
How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition
of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a
City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they
perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American
excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for
money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to
capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house
and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question
remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is
one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many
Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three
phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American
Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery
luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth
The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional
message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and
social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor
system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility
There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded
for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches
is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate
climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have
latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it
rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a
way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the
American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is
necessary
What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further
erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of
luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some
Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
22
The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of
responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American
Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system
to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor
Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the
means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet
the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first
place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense
such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the
heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream
( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville
was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)
THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY
The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the
Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments
MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but
there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently
democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day
I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the
shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only
influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as
representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son
This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the
Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great
English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of
inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in
America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by
slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But
their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no
privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on
them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior
class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy
sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak
and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution
At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place
conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
23
and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result
But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not
attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but
they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible
influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They
have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet
unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow
creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The
machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand
(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of
Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )
Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of
Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in
this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge
our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce
together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others
Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before
our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe
shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell
among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see
much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee
shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our
enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord
make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of
all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and
soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the
world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods
sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into
Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this
discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut
30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day
to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements
and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be
multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our
heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our
pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it
Therefore lett us choose life
that wee and our Seede
may live by obeyeing his
voyce and cleaveing to him
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
24
for hee is our life and
our prosperity
(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A
Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of
500000 people)
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation
Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation
Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who
had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity
But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred
years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition
In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a
check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation
So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the
security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is
the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of
segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate
discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn
of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end
but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to
blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There
will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro
is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will
continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the
bright day of justice emerges
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
25
justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by
their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone
As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are
those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as
long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as
long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the
hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a
larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot
vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we
will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have
come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the
veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive
Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to
Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair
I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a
dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice
sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys
and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
26
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the
rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of
the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray
together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day
This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of
thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every
mountainside let freedom ring
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops
of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California
But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring
And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every
hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black
men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last
(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the
United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July
of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to
secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the
People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
27
Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed
(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-
Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near
Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It
was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United
States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of
freedom)
Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
28
(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock
legend from New Jersey)
Born down in a dead mans town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog thats been beat too much
Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says son if it was up to me
Went down to see my VA man
He said son dont you understand now
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
29
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
Theyre stil l there hes all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
Im ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go
Born in the USA
I was born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a long gone daddy in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Born in the USA
Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA
( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock
group from Berkeley California)
Jesus Of Suburbia
[Part 1]
Im the son of rage and love
The Jesus of Suburbia
From the bible of none of the above
On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin
No one ever died for my sins in hell
As far as I can tell
At least the ones I got away with
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix
The living room or my private womb
While the Moms and Brads are away
To fall in love and fall in debt
To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane
To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine
And theres nothing wrong with me
This is how Im supposed to be
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
30
In a land of make believe
That dont believe in me
[Part 2 City Of The Damned]
At the center of the Earth
In the parking lot
Of the 7-11 where I was taught
The motto was just a l ie
It says home is where your heart is
But what a shame
Cause everyones heart
Doesnt beat the same
Its beating out of time
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
I read the graffiti
In the bathroom stall
Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall
And so it seemed to confess
It didnt say much
But it only confirmed that
The center of the earth
Is the end of the world
And I could really care less
City of the dead
At the end of another lost highway
Signs misleading to nowhere
City of the damned
Lost children with dirty faces today
No one really seems to care
[Part 3 I dont care]
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont
I dont care if you dont care
[x4]
I dont care
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
31
Everyone is so full of shit
Born and raised by hypocrites
Hearts recycled but never saved
From the cradle to the grave
We are the kids of war and peace
From Anaheim to the middle east
We are the stories and disciples
Of the Jesus of suburbia
Land of make believe
That dont believe in me
Land of make believe
And I dont believe
And I dont care
I dont care [x4]
(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010
httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -
mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)
The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of
Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open
land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched
bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-
opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop
of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians
who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States
Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam
and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world
countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where
emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like
a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)
A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream
was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the
spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs
The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person
European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And
this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist
lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing
But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned
upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their
economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
32
unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle
class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not
think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant
Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great
Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the
unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness
Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This
slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with
them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond
the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical
downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the
average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right
For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -
Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy
that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past
decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the
game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]
trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession
[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch
gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the
business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue
numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch
said
( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem
Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos
The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up
l ike a raisin in the sun
Or fester l ike a sore--
And then run
Does it stink l ike rotten meat
Or crust and sugar over--
l ike a syrupy sweet
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
33
Maybe it just sags
l ike a heavy load
Or does it explode
( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg
a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for
four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)
rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a
dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir
httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa
ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)
So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one
that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
34
Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg
as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews
everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)
Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a
central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont
remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or
does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological
change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World
Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney
and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)
Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the
answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its
significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has
evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly
documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand
Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the
movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools
(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-
fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I
probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social
Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of
American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university
No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with
The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote
Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about
Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003
As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -
genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison
When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the
Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --
Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about
what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called
Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two
(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word
has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like
an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention
Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield
subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called
thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss
an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
35
As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large
one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board
like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg
drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of
Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a
decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house
All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case
metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally
Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as
an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also
as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward
what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda
As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all
these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly
important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi
as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)
For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing
legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young
man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his
soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a
way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12
Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of
The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the
enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-
laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation
Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got
Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the
youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real
Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of
Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy
becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more
normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve
Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network
which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be
clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and
sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable
tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and
time
Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one
of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen
carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification
where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally
conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are
then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
36
100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it
(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter
8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat
to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)
It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live
without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or
company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I
might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty
than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by
another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded
at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and
established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or
less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for
example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the
moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and
ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to
each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time
occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent
I gave to its meaning
These names of virtues with their precepts were
1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation
2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation
3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time
4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve
5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing
6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions
7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly
8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty
9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve
10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation
11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2
37
12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation
13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my
attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master
of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous
acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they
stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so
necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be
more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering
that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to
break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling
company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for
attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my
endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and
producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc
Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination
38
TEAM A2