Background for Great Gatsby and the 1920’s

38
1 American Dream Handouts R. Gingrich, Ph.D. Background for Great Gatsby and the 1920’s Dr. Gingrich AP English Language and Composition Interpreting the Great Gatbsy involves understanding what occurred during the time period as historical background, much like understanding Huck Finn required understanding the pre-Civil War south and The Crucible required understanding Puritan society. In this activity I want you to think about how Jay, Daisy, Tom and Nick were products of their time period and reflected values of that age. Also as we are investigating these primary documents think about how you could be using primary documents and sources for your decades project. 1. Select a topic and find two different artifacts on the period 1900-1930 2. You may use the following web pages or you may use you google -find two primary sources- newspaper articles, magazine, pamphlets, etc or photographs visual images—write responses to the following questions. You may also do a Salem search (but you are looking for primary sources photographs, news articles, journal/diary entries, political documents, speeches, etc). 3. Print out your artifact—under the unusual circumstance of the printer not working –save as word file or power point and email this assignment to me with your artifacts at [email protected]). The following guide will help you consider the issues of the time period. Adapted from Material Culture Analysis Guide created by Gretchen Soren Observation: What do you see in the object? Describe everything you can about it - content, imagery,text, style, craftsmanship. What tone does this create? Analysis Creator Who created the object? What can you infer from the object about the purpose for whichit was created?

Transcript of Background for Great Gatsby and the 1920’s

1

American Dream Handouts

R Gingrich PhD

Background for Great Gatsby and the 1920rsquos

Dr Gingrich AP English Language and Composition

Interpreting the Great Gatbsy involves understanding what occurred during the time period as historical

background much like understanding Huck Finn required understanding the pre-Civil War south and The

Crucible required understanding Puritan society In this activity I want you to think about how Jay

Daisy Tom and Nick were products of their time period and reflected values of that age Also as we are

investigating these primary documents think about how you could be using primary documents and sources for your decades project

1 Select a topic and find two different artifacts on the period 1900-1930 2 You may use the following web pages or you may use you google-find two primary sources-

newspaper articles magazine pamphlets etc or photographs visual imagesmdashwrite responses to the following questions You may also do a Salem search (but you are looking for primary sources photographs news articles journaldiary entries political documents speeches etc)

3 Print out your artifactmdashunder the unusual circumstance of the printer not working ndashsave as word file or power point and email this assignment to me with your artifacts at gingrichfultonschoolsorg)

The following guide will help you consider the issues of the time period

Adapted from Material Culture Analysis Guide ndash created by Gretchen Soren

Observation What do you see in the object Describe everything you can about it - content

imagerytext style craftsmanship What tone does this create

Analysis

Creator

Who created the object What can you infer from the object about the purpose for whichit was created

2

Audience

Who was the object for What can you infer from the object about its intended use How do

you think the audience of the time would have responded to the object Would our response today be different

America in the 1920s

What specific information about life in America during the 1920s does the object

convey What attitudes does this object connect to

Questions

What questions do you have What other kinds of information would you like to see in order to understand the context more thoroughly Whose voices would you like to hear

Great Gatsby What does this tell us about the time periodmdashhow does this connect to the novel either an event image or tone of the novel

You can do any topic from the 1920s you want but here are some guides

General Topics and primary documents

httpwwwdigitalhistoryuheduresource_guidescontent_sourcescfmtpc=23

httpwwwvlibusamdocsindexhtml1920

httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycom20frmhtm

Chicago Daily News Artifacts

3

httpmemorylocgovammemndlpcoopichihtmlcdnhomehtml

Baseball Cards

httpmemorylocgovammembbhtmlbbhomehtml

Advertising

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsadvertising

Baseball and Jackie Robinson

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsrobinsonjrgmabouthtml

Coolidge Era

httpmemorylocgovammemcoolhtmlcoolhomehtml

Edison and Sound Recordings

httpmemorylocgovammemedhtmledhomehtml

Buildings and Architecture

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionslandscape

New York City Turn of the Century

httpmemorylocgovammempaprnychomehtml

Turn of the Century Photographs

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionstouring

4

Womenrsquos Suffrage

httpmemorylocgovammemnawnawshomehtml

Prohibition

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Black Sox Scandal

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Jazz Music

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Al Capone

httpwwwchicagohsorghistorycaponecpn1html

Charles Lindbergh

httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycomlindberghhtm

5

Great Gatsby Characterization Essay

Prewriting

Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom

Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim

For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)

For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters

Writing Essay

1 In an essay explain

what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important

2 Use quotes to explain these character traits

3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the

charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the

paper

4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)

Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate

1st drafts are due Monday February 5th

2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th

6

Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby

1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is

What do you think that your section is about

2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time

3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem

4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby

Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel

Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock

Dr Gingrich AP Lang

1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and

metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling

2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice

7

3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not

4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock

4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different

5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument

8

1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot

Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse

Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero

Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo

LET us go then you and I

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table

Let us go through certain half-deserted streets

The muttering retreats 5

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10

Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo

Let us go and make our visit

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

2

Audience

Who was the object for What can you infer from the object about its intended use How do

you think the audience of the time would have responded to the object Would our response today be different

America in the 1920s

What specific information about life in America during the 1920s does the object

convey What attitudes does this object connect to

Questions

What questions do you have What other kinds of information would you like to see in order to understand the context more thoroughly Whose voices would you like to hear

Great Gatsby What does this tell us about the time periodmdashhow does this connect to the novel either an event image or tone of the novel

You can do any topic from the 1920s you want but here are some guides

General Topics and primary documents

httpwwwdigitalhistoryuheduresource_guidescontent_sourcescfmtpc=23

httpwwwvlibusamdocsindexhtml1920

httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycom20frmhtm

Chicago Daily News Artifacts

3

httpmemorylocgovammemndlpcoopichihtmlcdnhomehtml

Baseball Cards

httpmemorylocgovammembbhtmlbbhomehtml

Advertising

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsadvertising

Baseball and Jackie Robinson

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsrobinsonjrgmabouthtml

Coolidge Era

httpmemorylocgovammemcoolhtmlcoolhomehtml

Edison and Sound Recordings

httpmemorylocgovammemedhtmledhomehtml

Buildings and Architecture

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionslandscape

New York City Turn of the Century

httpmemorylocgovammempaprnychomehtml

Turn of the Century Photographs

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionstouring

4

Womenrsquos Suffrage

httpmemorylocgovammemnawnawshomehtml

Prohibition

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Black Sox Scandal

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Jazz Music

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Al Capone

httpwwwchicagohsorghistorycaponecpn1html

Charles Lindbergh

httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycomlindberghhtm

5

Great Gatsby Characterization Essay

Prewriting

Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom

Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim

For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)

For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters

Writing Essay

1 In an essay explain

what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important

2 Use quotes to explain these character traits

3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the

charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the

paper

4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)

Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate

1st drafts are due Monday February 5th

2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th

6

Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby

1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is

What do you think that your section is about

2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time

3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem

4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby

Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel

Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock

Dr Gingrich AP Lang

1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and

metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling

2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice

7

3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not

4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock

4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different

5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument

8

1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot

Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse

Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero

Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo

LET us go then you and I

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table

Let us go through certain half-deserted streets

The muttering retreats 5

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10

Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo

Let us go and make our visit

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

3

httpmemorylocgovammemndlpcoopichihtmlcdnhomehtml

Baseball Cards

httpmemorylocgovammembbhtmlbbhomehtml

Advertising

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsadvertising

Baseball and Jackie Robinson

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionsrobinsonjrgmabouthtml

Coolidge Era

httpmemorylocgovammemcoolhtmlcoolhomehtml

Edison and Sound Recordings

httpmemorylocgovammemedhtmledhomehtml

Buildings and Architecture

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionslandscape

New York City Turn of the Century

httpmemorylocgovammempaprnychomehtml

Turn of the Century Photographs

httpmemorylocgovammemcollectionstouring

4

Womenrsquos Suffrage

httpmemorylocgovammemnawnawshomehtml

Prohibition

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Black Sox Scandal

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Jazz Music

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Al Capone

httpwwwchicagohsorghistorycaponecpn1html

Charles Lindbergh

httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycomlindberghhtm

5

Great Gatsby Characterization Essay

Prewriting

Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom

Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim

For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)

For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters

Writing Essay

1 In an essay explain

what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important

2 Use quotes to explain these character traits

3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the

charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the

paper

4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)

Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate

1st drafts are due Monday February 5th

2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th

6

Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby

1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is

What do you think that your section is about

2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time

3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem

4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby

Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel

Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock

Dr Gingrich AP Lang

1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and

metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling

2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice

7

3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not

4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock

4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different

5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument

8

1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot

Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse

Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero

Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo

LET us go then you and I

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table

Let us go through certain half-deserted streets

The muttering retreats 5

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10

Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo

Let us go and make our visit

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

4

Womenrsquos Suffrage

httpmemorylocgovammemnawnawshomehtml

Prohibition

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Black Sox Scandal

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Jazz Music

httpmemorylocgovcgi-binquery

Al Capone

httpwwwchicagohsorghistorycaponecpn1html

Charles Lindbergh

httpwwweyewitnesstohistorycomlindberghhtm

5

Great Gatsby Characterization Essay

Prewriting

Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom

Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim

For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)

For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters

Writing Essay

1 In an essay explain

what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important

2 Use quotes to explain these character traits

3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the

charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the

paper

4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)

Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate

1st drafts are due Monday February 5th

2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th

6

Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby

1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is

What do you think that your section is about

2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time

3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem

4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby

Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel

Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock

Dr Gingrich AP Lang

1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and

metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling

2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice

7

3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not

4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock

4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different

5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument

8

1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot

Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse

Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero

Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo

LET us go then you and I

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table

Let us go through certain half-deserted streets

The muttering retreats 5

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10

Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo

Let us go and make our visit

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

5

Great Gatsby Characterization Essay

Prewriting

Select four characters from the novel out of the following Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Myrtle Wilson George Wilson Jordan Baker Daisy Buchanon Tom

Buchanon Meyer Wolfsheim

For each of the four characters find at least one passage of a paragraph or so which describes the mood of the character Be prepared to cite this directly in the essay including a quotation of at least one line and the page number This citation should illustrate to the overall qualities of the character (honor disgrace redemption brutality humor compassion etc)

For each of the four characters find a song which you think matches with their characters

Writing Essay

1 In an essay explain

what you know about the characters from the novel what characteristics you think are important

2 Use quotes to explain these character traits

3 Discuss why you selected a particular song and how that song illustrates the characteristics of the

charactermdashinclude lines from the lyrics in the essay and attach a copy of the lyrics at the end of the

paper

4Explain how the characters contribute to the overall themes of the novel through the passages which you have selected (what they show about the human condition)

Essays should be between 1000 and 1500 words Song lyrics should be school appropriate

1st drafts are due Monday February 5th

2nd Drafts are due Friday February 9th

6

Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby

1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is

What do you think that your section is about

2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time

3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem

4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby

Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel

Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock

Dr Gingrich AP Lang

1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and

metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling

2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice

7

3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not

4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock

4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different

5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument

8

1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot

Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse

Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero

Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo

LET us go then you and I

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table

Let us go through certain half-deserted streets

The muttering retreats 5

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10

Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo

Let us go and make our visit

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

6

Hollow Men Lesson Plan for Great Gatsby

1 Read your section of the poem orallymdash A Explain what the tone of your poem is

What do you think that your section is about

2 Who are the Hollow Men What is the description of society at this time

3 Look at the painting by Breughelmdashdoes this fit the tone of the poem

4 Look at the description of the Valley of Ashes in chapter two of the Great Gatsby

Which lines from your section do you think connect to the novel

Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock

Dr Gingrich AP Lang

1 Annotate for examples of rhetorical devices Especially pay attention to rhetorical questions images and symbols allusions similes and

metaphorsmdashdraw a picture of the device which you think is most compelling

2 What is the tone of the various section of the poem What transitions in tone do you notice

7

3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not

4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock

4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different

5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument

8

1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot

Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse

Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero

Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo

LET us go then you and I

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table

Let us go through certain half-deserted streets

The muttering retreats 5

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10

Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo

Let us go and make our visit

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

7

3 Do you think that TS Eliot the poet and the narrator are the samemdashwhy or why not

4a Which figure in Great Gatsby do you think is most similar to Prufrock

4bIs Prufrock the typical or representative modern manmdash20th century modern man Do you think that 21st century men would be similar or different

5 What is the argument that the poem makes about the modern world To what extent is this a valid argument

8

1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot

Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse

Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero

Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo

LET us go then you and I

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table

Let us go through certain half-deserted streets

The muttering retreats 5

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10

Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo

Let us go and make our visit

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

8

1 The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock By TS Eliot

Srsquoio credesse che mia risposta fosse

A persona che mai tornasse al mondo

Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse

Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo

Non torno vivo alcun srsquoirsquoodo il vero

Senza tema drsquoinfamia ti rispondo

LET us go then you and I

When the evening is spread out against the sky

Like a patient etherised upon a table

Let us go through certain half-deserted streets

The muttering retreats 5

Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels

And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Streets that follow like a tedious argument

Of insidious intent

To lead you to an overwhelming question hellip 10

Oh do not ask ldquoWhat is itrdquo

Let us go and make our visit

In the room the women come and go

Talking of Michelangelo

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

9

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes 1

5

The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes

Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening

Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains

Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys

Slipped by the terrace made a sudden leap 20

And seeing that it was a soft October night

Curled once about the house and fell asleep

And indeed there will be time

For the yellow smoke that slides along the street

Rubbing its back upon the window-panes 25

There will be time there will be time

To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet

There will be time to murder and create

And time for all the works and days of hands

That lift and drop a question on your plate 30

Time for you and time for me

And time yet for a hundred indecisions

And for a hundred visions and revisions

Before the taking of a toast and tea

In the room the women come and go 35

Talking of Michelangelo

And indeed there will be time

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

10

To wonder ldquoDo I darerdquo and ldquoDo I darerdquo

Time to turn back and descend the stair

With a bald spot in the middle of my hairmdash 40

[They will say ldquoHow his hair is growing thinrdquo]

My morning coat my collar mounting firmly to the chin

My necktie rich and modest but asserted by a simple pinmdash

[They will say ldquoBut how his arms and legs are thinrdquo]

Do I dare 45

Disturb the universe

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse

For I have known them all already known them allmdash

Have known the evenings mornings afternoons 50

I have measured out my life with coffee spoons

I know the voices dying with a dying fall

Beneath the music from a farther room

So how should I presume

And I have known the eyes already known them allmdash 55

The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase

And when I am formulated sprawling on a pin

When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall

Then how should I begin

To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways 60

And how should I presume

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

11

And I have known the arms already known them allmdash

Arms that are braceleted and white and bare

[But in the lamplight downed with light brown hair]

It is perfume from a dress 65

That makes me so digress

Arms that lie along a table or wrap about a shawl

And should I then presume

And how should I begin

Shall I say I have gone at dusk through narrow streets 7

0

And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes

Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves leaning out of windowshellip

I should have been a pair of ragged claws

Scuttling across the floors of silent seas

And the afternoon the evening sleeps so peacefully 75

Smoothed by long fingers

Asleep hellip tired hellip or it malingers

Stretched on the floor here beside you and me

Should I after tea and cakes and ices

Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis 8

0

But though I have wept and fasted wept and prayed

Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter

I am no prophetmdashand herersquos no great matter

I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker

And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat and snicker 8

5

And in short I was afraid

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

12

And would it have been worth it after all

After the cups the marmalade the tea

Among the porcelain among some talk of you and me

Would it have been worth while 90

To have bitten off the matter with a smile

To have squeezed the universe into a ball

To roll it toward some overwhelming question

To say ldquoI am Lazarus come from the dead

Come back to tell you all I shall tell you allrdquomdash 95

If one settling a pillow by her head

Should say ldquoThat is not what I meant at all

That is not it at allrdquo

And would it have been worth it after all

Would it have been worth while 100

After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets

After the novels after the teacups after the skirts that trail along the floormdash

And this and so much moremdash

It is impossible to say just what I mean

But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen 105

Would it have been worth while

If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl

And turning toward the window should say

ldquoThat is not it at all

That is not what I meant at allrdquo

110

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

13

No I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be

Am an attendant lord one that will do

To swell a progress start a scene or two

Advise the prince no doubt an easy tool

Deferential glad to be of use 115

Politic cautious and meticulous

Full of high sentence but a bit obtuse

At times indeed almost ridiculousmdash

Almost at times the Fool

I grow old hellip I grow old hellip 120

I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled

Shall I part my hair behind Do I dare to eat a peach

I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach

I have heard the mermaids singing each to each

I do not think that they will sing to me 125

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves

Combing the white hair of the waves blown back

When the wind blows the water white and black

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea

By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown 130

Till human voices wake us and we drown

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

14

Symbolism and The Great Gatsby

Gingrich AP Lang

1 Select one of the following symbols Draw a picture that illustrates the symbol

2 Place two quotes from the novel including the page number which explains the image

3 What ideacharacter does this symbol most convey Has the view of the symbol changed over the course of the novel

4 Write a statement of theme for the symbol 5 Write three questions that your symbol raises Why is this such a significant symbol for

the novel

Symbols

The valley of ashes

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

15

The eyes of Dr TJ Eckleburg

The green light of Daisyrsquos Dock

Water

The owl eyed man

Daisy and the Color White

The Swimming Pool

Gatsbyrsquos Mansion

East EggWest Egg

Gatsbyrsquos dream

Mock Trial Planning Guide

Group Members

Position taking in case

Right Down who will be doing each

A Presenting opening arguments__________________________

B Direct Examination of Witnesses ____________________

C Witnesses (may be characters from book or experts you may have up to six write down

both the name of the witness and who will be playing the role)

1____________________________ _____________________________

2 ____________________________ _____________________________

3 ____________________________ _____________________________

4 ____________________________ _____________________________

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

16

5 ____________________________ _____________________________ 6 ____________________________ _____________________________

D Cross examination of the other sidersquos witnesses ______________________

E Closing Arguments _________________________

F Write down up to five pieces of physical evidence which (may be introduced during direct

examination of witnesses)

1 _______________________

2 _______________________

3 _______________________

4 _______________________

5 _______________________

TEAM A1

Prosecution of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM A2

Defense of Daisy Buchanon

In Death of Myrtle Wilson

TEAM B1

Prosecution of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

TEAM B2

Defense of Janie in the death of

Tea Cake

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

17

In Cold Blood and Creative Non-Fiction

While the concept of genre once assumed a fairly definitive distinction between forms especially

between fiction and nonfiction modern writers and works frequently combine elements

of different genres thus making the distinctions less obvious Consider such film genres as

the ldquodocudramardquo and the ldquomockumentaryrdquo In print we now have ldquonarrative nonfictionrdquo the

ldquofictional memoirrdquo and the ldquotrue crime narrativerdquo Within your group consider Truman Capotersquos

In Cold Blood asan early examplemdasharguably even the prototypemdashof a new hybrid genre and write

a thoughtful and well-supported essay in which you analyze the techniques Capote uses from both

fiction

and nonfiction genres in order to create his new form the nonfiction novel

Each Group will have one of the following characters or groups of characters

For this character you are to do each of the following

The Clutter Family Members of Law Enforcement

The people of Holcomb Kansas Perry Smith Dick Hickock

Other criminalsmembers of Smith and Hickockrsquos families (or other secondary characters)

Include page numbers in your quotes

1 Present evidence of the perspective of that character Use at least three direct quotes to convey this How are those perspectives portrayedmdashdescription narrative

dialogue

2 Explain what techniques Capote would have employed in order to find out about the

perspectives Interviews (with the individuals themselves or with people who knew them)

Observations Documents

3 What literary elements does Capote use in his depiction of these individualsmdash

figurative language description narrative point of view imagery symbolism etc How does the use of these literary elements affect the depiction of the characters

Use at least two direct quotes as examples to convey this 4 What is Capotersquos attitude toward these individuals How do we know this

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

18

In Cold Blood and True Crime

Carefully read the passage from the ldquoPersons Unknownrdquo

section of Truman Capotersquos In Cold Blood beginning ldquoOn Monday

at midday Dewey held a press conferencehelliprdquo and ending ldquothe

Clutters were the least likely to be murderedrdquo (p 81)

Explain how the press conference marks this novel as an early

example of ldquoTrue Crimerdquo literature

Why have true crime or crime procedurals so captured the

American imagination

American Dream AP Synthesis PracticePreparation for Seminar Discussion

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

19

Socratic Seminar on Great Gatsby and the American Dream

Dr Gingrich AP Lang and Comp SP 2014

Group questions You should have one or two members represent for each section

Opening Questions (use your readings personal experiences or the media)

How do our pasts affect our lives

In America is it possible invent yourself What is the American Dream

Core Textual Interpretive Questions (Use Gatsby)

What is the most compelling image in the novel

Has Gatsby succeeded in changing himself from James Gatz Who is Gatsby really (p 104) In what way do we ldquobeat on boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the

pastrdquo (p 189) Why does Fitzgerald end the novel in this way (look at final image)

Is Gatsby Great

What does the Great Gatsby Reveal about the American dream Closing (use the media personal experiences or your readings)

Can we escape our pasts

Is the American Dream still alive

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

20

Dr Gingrich Synthesis on The American Dream

AP Lang and Comp Spring 2014

The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written

in 1931 He states The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer

and fuller for everyone with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement It is a difficult dream

for the European upper classes to interpret adequately and too many of us ours elves have grown weary and

mistrustful of it It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely but a dream of social order in which

each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable

and be recognized by others for what they are regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or

position (httpmemorylocgovlearnlessons97dreamthedreamhtml )

In America we have always had a vision that l ife can be bigger richer better that the future will

always be an improvement on the past Our values place high emphasis on individuality equality that

through hard work and thrift we can all have a better l ife We admi re self-made men and women who

improve themselves who come from poverty to achieve tremendous wealth and fame It is this possible

which leads James Gatz to change his name to Jay Gatsby to strive for fame and fortune and the love of

Daisy someone who in other societyrsquos would be unattainable for a poor boy from Minnesota In his

observations of American society in the 1830rsquos the French writer Alexis De Tocqueville calls this ldquothe charm

of anticipated successrdquo

ldquoBut in democracies the love of physical gratification the notion of bettering ones condition the

excitement of competition the charm of anticipated success are so many spurs to urge men onward in the

active professions they have embraced without allowing them to deviate for an instant from the track The

main stress of the faculties is to this point The imagination is not extinct but its chief function is to devise

what may be useful and to represent what is real The principle of equality not only diverts men from the

description of idea l beauty it also diminishes the number of objects to be describedrdquo (De Tocqueville

Democracy in America)

The American Dream often calls us to forget the past and concentrate on the future but our history

as Jim Cullen contends is something that we can never forgetldquoAt the core of many American Dreams

especially the dream of the Coast is an insistence that history doesnrsquot matter that the future matters far

more than the past But history is in the end the most tangible thing that we have the source a nd the solace

for all our dreamsrdquo (Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation )

While the dream is a call ing that all Americans hear racism sexism and violence have been a large

part of our experience In a country of phenomenal wealth a country where Mark Zuckerberg can have

estimated wealth of $10 bil l ion by the time he is 27 for creating a social networking site nearly 50 mill ion

people stil l l ive below the poverty l ine Indeed the American Dream is a paradox which well a question of

contention stil ls tends to define what Americans are Consider the following questions

1 What is the American Dream

2 How has the American Dream changed

3 What do Great Gatsby and In the Garden of Beasts reveal about the American Dream

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

21

4 Is the dream stil l alive

The Assignment

Read the following documents including any source matter Cite at least three sources in your notes

(use three direct quotes from these sources) Use two quotes each from Great Gatsby and In Cold Blood to

support your positions Respond to the following question in a complete essay The rough draft will be due on

Monday March 11th and the 2nd draft will be due on Monday March 18th In your response you may defend

refute or qualify the following statement

The charm of anticipated success is an illusion which throughout the history of the United States has denied the reality of American life for the vast majority of Americans

(Document A httpwwwamericanscorgukOnlineAmerican_Dreamhtm ldquoWho Wants to Be a Millionaire Changing Conceptions of the American Dreamrdquoby Matthew Warshauer )

How does one achieve the American Dream The answer undoubtedly depends upon onersquos definition

of the Dream and there are many from which to choose John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a

City upon a Hill Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of racial equality [1] Both men yearned for what they

perceived as perfection Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American

excellence[2] One component of the American Dream seems however to be fairly consistent the quest for

money Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the ldquoalmighty dollarrdquo In a society dedicated to

capitalism and the maxim that ldquothe one who dies with the most toys winsrdquo the ability to purchase a big house

and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not[3] Yet the question

remains how does one achieve this success How is the Dream realized For many Americans the formula is

one of instant albeit elusive gratification Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic far too many

Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as ldquoeasyrdquo money This article focuses on three

phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American

Dream Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows lottery

luck and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth

The rags to riches legend has and continues to be a cornerstone of the American Dream The traditional

message taught that through hard work frugality and self-sacrifice one could achieve financial success and

social mobility Ben Franklin counseled industry Abraham Lincoln sang the praises of the northern labor

system and Horatio Alger instilled hope in generations of Americans All three helped to establish basic guidelines for success in a land of infinite possibility

There are unquestionably many Americans who continue to abide by such tenets and in doing so are rewarded

for their efforts Yet there are also those who have come to believe that the American Dreams promise of riches

is just that a promise and as such they feel entitled to instant financial success Nor has the socio-corporate

climate in America disappointed such a belief Savvy television producers and marketing executives have

latched on to the core of the American Dream They understand that Americans are enthralled with striking it

rich Thus millionaire game shows are designed to make winning seem easy Lotteries are marketed in such a

way that one thinks they have a real shot at cashing in The reality in both instances is that achieving the

American Dream through such means is a long shot at best Too much chance exists Too much luck is

necessary

What is the end effect on society Do millionaire game shows and promises of lottery millions help to further

erode the ethic of work and self-reliance that once embodied the American Dream replacing it with an ethic of

luck Or are these sources of instant gratification merely products of an ethic already los t to some

Americans Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

22

The even darker side to this cultural phenomenon is how the sense of entitlement has spilled over into a lack of

responsibility The fact that so many Americans are willing to utilize litigation to cash in on the American

Dream is disheartening Failing to take responsibility for their own mistakes plaintiffs look to the legal system

to make misfortune into fortune Again marketing and an avalanche of advertising by personal injury lawyers helps encourage would-be injury victims Still the readiness of people to sue is a key social factor

Ultimately most Americans would like to achieve the American Dream of financial independence Yet it is the

means to achieving it that are essential to the nations ethical foundations It seems that many Americans covet

the easy road to the Dream and in the process undercut the core values that established the Dream in the first

place Equally culpable are the big businesses that capitalize on the quest for the Dream In an ironic sense

such businesses are fulfilling the Dream for themselves while dangling the possibility of the Dream over the

heads of the public There can be little doubt that the producers of the millionaire games s hows the state lotteries and lawyers are getting rich on other peoples yearning for the American Dream

( Document B From Alex De Tocqueville Democracy in America 1841 chapter three De Tocqueville

was a French citizen who visited the United States from 1831-1832 chapter was accessed from httpxroadsvirginiaedu~HYPERDETOCtoc_indxhtml)

THE STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS IS ITS ESSENTIAL DEMOCRACY

The first immigrants of New England--Their equality--Aristocratic laws introduced in the South--Period of the

Revolution--Change in the laws of inheritance--effects produced by this change--Democracy carried to its utmost limits in the new states of the West--Equality of mental endowments

MANY important observations suggest themselves upon the social condition of the Anglo-Americans but

there is one that takes precedence of all the rest The social condition of the Americans is eminently

democratic this was its character at the foundation of the colonies and it is still more strongly marked at the present day

I have stated in the preceding chapter that great equality existed among the immigrants who settled on the

shores of New England Even the germs of aristocracy were never planted in that part of th e Union The only

influence which obtained there was that of intellect the people became accustomed to revere certain names as

representatives of knowledge and virtue Some of their fellow citizens acquired a power over the others that might truly have been called aristocratic if it had been capable of transmission from father to son

This was the state of things to the east of the Hudson to the southwest of that river and as far as the

Floridas the case was different In most of the states situated to the southwest of the Hudson some great

English proprietors had settled who had imported with them aristocratic principles and the English law of

inheritance I have explained the reasons why it was impossible ever to establish a powerful aristocracy in

America these reasons existed with less force to the southwest of the Hudson In the South one man aided by

slaves could cultivate a great extent of country it was therefore common to see rich landed proprietors But

their influence was not altogether aristocratic as that term is understood in Europe since they possessed no

privileges and the cultivation of their estates being carried on by slaves they had no tenants depending on

them and consequently no patronage Still the great proprietors south of the Hudson constituted a superior

class having ideas and tastes of its own and forming the center of political action This kind of aristocracy

sympathized with the body of the people whose passions and interests it easily embraced but it was too weak

and too shortlived to excite either love or hatred This was the class which headed the insurrection in the South and furnished the best leaders of the American Revolution

At this period society was shaken to its center The people in whose name the struggle had taken place

conceived the desire of exercising the authority that it had acquired its democratic tendencies were awakened

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

23

and having thrown off the yoke of the mother country it aspired to independence of every kind The influence of individuals gradually ceased to be felt and custom and law united to produce the same result

But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality I am surprised that ancient and modern jurists have not

attributed to this law a greater influence on human affairs1 It is true that these laws belong to civil affairs but

they ought nevertheless to be placed at the head of all political institutions for they exercise an incredible

influence upon the social state of a people while political laws show only what this state already is They

have moreover a sure and uniform manner of operating upon society affecting as it were generations yet

unborn Through their means man acquires a kind of preternatural power over the future lot of his fellow

creatures When the legislator has once regulated the law of inheritance he may rest from his labor The

machine once put in motion will go on for ages and advance as if self-guided towards a point indicated beforehand

(Document C httpwwwmtholyokeeduacadintrelwinthrophtm John Winthrop Governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 to 1648 City upon a Hill )

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of

Micah to doe Justly to love mercy to walke humbly with our God for this end wee must be knitt together in

this worke as one man wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion wee must be willing to abridge

our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others necessities wee must uphold a familiar Commerce

together in all meekenes gentlenes patience and liberallity wee must delight in eache other make others

Condicions our owne rejoyce together mourne together labour and suffer together allwayes haveing before

our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke our Community as members of the same body soe

shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell

among us as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes soe that wee shall see

much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with wee

shall finde that the God of Israell is among us when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our

enemies when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantacions the lord

make it like that of New England for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill the eies of

all people are uppon us soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and

soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us wee shall be made a story and a byword through the

world wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods

sake wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants and cause theire prayers to be turned into

Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going And to shutt upp this

discourse with that exhortacion of Moses that faithfull servant of the Lord in his last farewell to Israell Deut

30 Beloved there is now sett before us life and good deathe and evill in that wee are Commaunded this day

to love the Lord our God and to love one another to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commaundements

and his Ordinance and his lawes and the Articles of our Covenant with him that wee may live and be

multiplyed and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whether wee goe to possesse it But if our

heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our

pleasures and proffitts and serve them it is propounded unto us this day wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it

Therefore lett us choose life

that wee and our Seede

may live by obeyeing his

voyce and cleaveing to him

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

24

for hee is our life and

our prosperity

(Document D Martin Luther King Jr leader of the civil rights movement delivered the ldquoI Have A

Dreamrdquo speech in August of 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial before an estimated crowd of

500000 people)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation

Proclamation This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who

had been seared in the flames of withering injustice It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity

But one hundred years later the Negro still is not free One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still

sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination One hundred years later the

Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity One hundred

years later the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition

In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check When the architects of our republic wrote the

magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence they were signing a promissory

note to which every American was to fall heir This note was a promise that all men yes black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are

concerned Instead of honoring this sacred obligation America has given the Negro people a bad check a

check which has come back marked insufficient funds But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is

bankrupt We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation

So we have come to cash this check mdash a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the

security of justice We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now

This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism Now is

the time to make real the promises of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of

segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the

moment This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate

discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn

of freedom and equality Nineteen sixty-three is not an end

but a beginning Those who hope that the Negro needed to

blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude

awakening if the nation returns to business as usual There

will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro

is granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will

continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the

bright day of justice emerges

But there is something that I must say to my people who

stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

25

justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds Le t us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical violence Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of

meeting physical force with soul force The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro

community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people for many of our white brothers as evid enced by

their presence here today have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom We cannot walk alone

As we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead We cannot turn back There are

those who are asking the devotees of civil rights When will you be satisfied We can never be satisfied as

long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality We can never be satisfied as

long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the

hotels of the cities We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a

larger one We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their

dignity by signs stating For Whites Only We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot

vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote No no we are not satisfied and we

will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations Some o f you have

come fresh from narrow jail cells Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you

battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality You have been the

veterans of creative suffering Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive

Go back to Mississippi go back to Alabama go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go back to

Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities knowing that someh ow this situation can and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley of despair

I say to you today my friends so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow I still have a

dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi a state sweltering with the heat of injustice

sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character

I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips

dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys

and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers

I have a dream today

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

26

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted every hill and mountain shall be made low the

rough places will be made plain and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed and all flesh shall see it together

This is our hope This is the faith that I go back to the South with With this faith we will be able to hew out of

the mountain of despair a stone of hope With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of

our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work together to pray

together to struggle together to go to jail together to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will be free one day

This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning My country tis of

thee sweet land of liberty of thee I sing Land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every

mountainside let freedom ring

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops

of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California

But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi From every mountainside let freedom ring

And when this happens when we allow freedom to ring when we let it ring from every village and every

hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children black

men and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual Free at last free at last thank God Almighty we are free at last

(Document E Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson the third president of the

United States declared Americarsquos Independence from British tyranny under King George III in July

of 1776 Americans have celebrated by roasting hot dogs setting off M-80rsquos and going to baseball games ever since)

hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which

have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal

station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of

mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness mdash That to

secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the consent of the

governed mdash That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the

People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and

organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

27

Prudence indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient

causes and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are

sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed

(Document G Statue of Liberty httpwwwfreefotocomimages1210111210_11_58---Statue-of-

Liberty-New-York-City_webjpgampk=Statue+of+Liberty+-+New+York+City is located on Liberty Island near

Ellis Island the traditional stop over point for immigrants from Europe and Africa in New York Harbor It

was designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28 1886 The statue a gift to the United

States from the people of France is of a robed female figure representing Libertas the Roman Goddess of

freedom)

Document H Mike Luckovich Atlanta Journal Constitution May 18 2006)

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

28

(Document I ldquoBorn in the USArdquo lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 1984 Bruce Springsteen is an American rock

legend from New Jersey)

Born down in a dead mans town

The first kick I took was when I hit the ground

You end up like a dog thats been beat too much

Til l you spend half your l ife just covering up

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Got in a l ittle hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand

Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kil l the yellow man

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Come back home to the refinery

Hiring man says son if it was up to me

Went down to see my VA man

He said son dont you understand now

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

29

Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong

Theyre stil l there hes all gone

He had a woman he loved in Saigon

I got a picture of him in her arms now

Down in the shadow of penitentiary

Out by the gas fires of the refinery

Im ten years burning down the road

Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go

Born in the USA

I was born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a long gone daddy in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Born in the USA

Im a cool rocking daddy in the USA

( Document J ldquoJesus of Suburbia Parts 1-3rdquo lyrics by Green Day 2004 Green Day are a pop-punk rock

group from Berkeley California)

Jesus Of Suburbia

[Part 1]

Im the son of rage and love

The Jesus of Suburbia

From the bible of none of the above

On a steady diet of soda pop and Ritalin

No one ever died for my sins in hell

As far as I can tell

At least the ones I got away with

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Get my television fix sitting on my crucifix

The living room or my private womb

While the Moms and Brads are away

To fall in love and fall in debt

To alcohol and cigarettes and Mary Jane

To keep me insane doing someone elses cocaine

And theres nothing wrong with me

This is how Im supposed to be

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

30

In a land of make believe

That dont believe in me

[Part 2 City Of The Damned]

At the center of the Earth

In the parking lot

Of the 7-11 where I was taught

The motto was just a l ie

It says home is where your heart is

But what a shame

Cause everyones heart

Doesnt beat the same

Its beating out of time

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

I read the graffiti

In the bathroom stall

Like the holy scriptures of a shopping mall

And so it seemed to confess

It didnt say much

But it only confirmed that

The center of the earth

Is the end of the world

And I could really care less

City of the dead

At the end of another lost highway

Signs misleading to nowhere

City of the damned

Lost children with dirty faces today

No one really seems to care

[Part 3 I dont care]

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont

I dont care if you dont care

[x4]

I dont care

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

31

Everyone is so full of shit

Born and raised by hypocrites

Hearts recycled but never saved

From the cradle to the grave

We are the kids of war and peace

From Anaheim to the middle east

We are the stories and disciples

Of the Jesus of suburbia

Land of make believe

That dont believe in me

Land of make believe

And I dont believe

And I dont care

I dont care [x4]

(Document K ldquoHow to Restore the American Dreamrdquo By Fareed Zakaria Thursday Oct 21 2010

httpwwwtimecomtimenationarticle08599202677600htmlxid=rss -

mostpopularixzz137On1FAK)

The American dream for me growing up in India in the 1970s looked something like the opening credits of

Dallas The blockbuster TV series began with a kaleidoscope of big brassy sexy images mdash tracts of open

land shiny skyscrapers fancy cars cowboy businessmen and the very dreamy Victoria Principal We watched

bootlegged copies of the show passed around on old Betamax cassettes America (certainly the CBS soap-

opera version of America) seemed dazzling and larger than life especially set against the stagnant backdrop

of India in the 1970s Everyone I knew was fascinated by the US whether they admitted it or not Politicians

who denounced the country by day would go home in the evenings and plot to send their kids to college in the States

Of course the 1970s were actually tough times in America mdash stagflation malaise the aftermath of Vietnam

and Watergate mdash but they were brutal in the rest of the world Hyperinflation racked most third -world

countries coups and martial law were familiar occurrences even affecting staunchly democratic India where

emergency rule was enforced from 1975 to 1977 Set against this atmosphere of despair the US looked like

a shining city on a hill (Watch T IMEs video Joe Klein After the Road T rip Ret hinking Am erica)

A few years later when I got to America on a college scholarship I realized that the real American Dream

was somewhat different from Dallas I visited college friends in their hometowns and was struck by the

spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances mdash even when their parents had simple modest jobs

The modern American Dream for me was this general prosperity and well-being for the average person

European civilization had produced the great cathedrals of the world America had the two-car garage And

this middle-class contentment created a country of optimists Compared with the fatalism and socialist

lethargy that was pervasive in India those days Americans had a sunny attitude toward life that was utterly refreshing

But when I travel from America to India these days as I did recently its as if the world has been turned

upside down Indians are brimming with hope and faith in the future After centuries of stagnation their

economy is on the move fueling animal spirits and ambition The whole country feels as if it has been

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

32

unlocked Meanwhile in the US the mood is sour Americans are glum dispirited and angry The middle

class in particular feels under assault In a Newsweek poll in September 63 of Americans said they did not

think they would be able to maintain their current standard of living Perhaps most troubling Americans are strikingly fatalistic about their prospects The can-do country is convinced that it cant

Americans have good reasons to worry We have just gone through the worst recession since the Great

Depression The light at the end of the tunnel is dim at best Sixteen months into the recovery the

unemployment rate is higher than it was in the depths of all but one of the postwar reces sions And as government spending is being pared back the economy is showing new signs of weakness

Some experts say that in every recession Americans get gloomy and then recover with the economy This

slump is worse than most so is the mood Once demand returns they say jobs will come back and with

them optimism But Americans are far more apprehensive than usual and their worries seem to go beyond

the short-term debate over stimulus vs deficit reduction They fear that we are in the midst of not a cyclical

downturn but a structural shift one that poses huge new challenges to the average American job pressures the

average American wage and endangers the average American Dream The middle class many Americans have come to believe is being hollowed out I think they are right

For a picture of the global economy look at Americas great corporations which are thriving IBM Coca -

Cola PepsiCo Google Microsoft Apple Intel and Caterpillar are all doing well And they share a strategy

that is becoming standard for success First technology has produced massive efficiencies over the past

decade Jack Welch explained the process succinctly on CNBC last September Technology has changed the

game in jobs he said We had technology bumping around for years in the 80s and 90s and [we were]

trying to make it work And now its working You couple the habits [of efficiency] from a deep recession

[with] an exponential increase in technology and youre not going to see jobs for a long long time Welch

gave as an example a company owned by the private-equity firm with which he is affi l iated In 2007 the

business had 26000 employees and generated $12 bil l ion in revenue It will return to those revenue

numbers by 2013 but with only 14000 empl oyees Companies have learned to do more with less Welch

said

( Document L rdquo A Dream Deferredrdquo by Langston Hughes an African-American poet of the Harlem

Rennaissance an artistic movement centered in New Yorkrsquos Harlem region in the 1920rsquos 30rsquos and 40rsquos

The poem was used for the title of Lorraine Hansberryrsquos 1958 play A Raisin in the Sun)

What happens to a dream deferred

Does it dry up

l ike a raisin in the sun

Or fester l ike a sore--

And then run

Does it stink l ike rotten meat

Or crust and sugar over--

l ike a syrupy sweet

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

33

Maybe it just sags

l ike a heavy load

Or does it explode

( Document M Thursday Sep 23 2010 2101 ET The Social Network is a current fi lm about Mark Zuckerberg

a Harvard student who created Facebook a social networking site which high school students access for

four and five hour stretches of time instead of writing their English papers)

rsquoThe Social Networkrsquo Gatsby as a hoodie-wearing geek David Fincher and Aaron Sorkin launch a

dense novelistic skewering of Mark Zuckerberg in the falls hottest movierdquo By Andrew OHehir

httpwebcachegoogleusercontentcomsearchq=cachehttpwwwsaloncomentertainmentmoviesa

ndrew_ohehir20100923social_network)

So what is Facebook exactly No no I know what it is or I kind of do Thats a philosophical question one

that helps determine your attitude toward director David Fincher and screenwriter Aaron Sorkins movie The

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

34

Social Network -- a dense talky and addictive moral fable that depicts Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg

as a 21st-century nerdcore version of Jay Gatsby -- at least before youve seen it (Youre seeing reviews

everywhere because The Social Network opens the New York Film Festival on Friday night It opens Oct 1 in theaters nationwide)

Is Facebook an interesting innovation built on top of existing technology one of those things that plays a

central social-cultural role for a few years and then fades into the wallpaper of everyday life Because I dont

remember anybody making a movie about the founder of UPS or whoever invented the consumer VCR Or

does Facebook signify one of those massive Marshall McLuhan shifts in consciousness where technological

change drives a reordering of society as with the introduction of electric light or the spread of the World

Wide Web (Even there exciting dramas about Tim Berners-Lee are in short supply OK Mickey Rooney

and Spencer Tracy played Thomas Edison in two different 1940 films but I havent seen them and neither have you)

Now you can argue the question either way but the only real answer is that we cant possibly know the

answer yet We are too close to the history that gets fictionalized in The Social Network to grasp its

significance especially in an age when the distinction between the momentous and the ephemeral has

evaporated Theres an intriguing Schroumldingers -cat quandary The very phenomena the film supposedly

documents -- the collapse of privacy the microfracturing of society and the hyper-speed-up of interpersonal relations -- also make the films events more difficult to understand

Moreover we dont go to movies to learn about history or at least we shouldnt since the history taught in the

movies is even more ludicrous and shot through with present-tense ideology than the history taught in schools

(In this case Sorkins screenplay is based on Ben Mezrichs book The Accidental Billionaires a quasi-

fictional account that tells the story primarily from Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverins point of view) I

probably know more about Facebook and the Early Middle Internet Age than I did before I saw The Social

Network but that stuff isnt the source of the films appeal Its an energetic and straightforward work of

American pop storytelling a soapy gossipy tale of young people behaving badly and class -based infighting at Americas most elite university

No doubt thats for the best As obsessed as Internet media types and plugged-in movie buffs may be with

The Social Network -- thanks to the same kind of scientifically calibrated hype machine used to promote

Avatar and Inception -- theres a whole world of people out there who dont know or care about

Zuckerberg and the prophetic piece of computer code he wrote during a dorm-room snit-fit one night in 2003

As played by Jesse Eisenberg in the movie Harvard sophomore Zuckerberg is a thoroughly unpleasant boy -

genius who seems to suffer from a combination of tetanus an autism-spectrum disorder and a slow-acting intestinal poison

When his girlfriend (Rooney Mara soon to play Lisbeth Salander in Finchers version of The Girl With the

Dragon Tattoo) breaks up with him in a zinger-laden opening scene in a Cambridge Mass brew pub --

Going out with you is exhausting Its like dating a Stairmaster -- Zuckerberg goes home and blogs about

what a bitch she is like many jilted collegians before and since Over the ensuing hours he crafts a site called

Facemash which compares pairs of Harvard women inviting users to select the hotter of the two

(Zuckerberg raided the online facebooks or photo archives of many Harvard houses or dorms The word

has an Ivy League history that long predates the Internet) Facemash spread across the campus overnight like

an airborne STD crashing Harvards servers and becoming -- once cleansed of its juvenile misogyny -- the basic template for Zuckerbergs zillion-dollar invention

Shortly thereafter Zuckerberg and his Brazilian business partner Saverin (English actor Andrew Garfield

subtle and commanding in a crucial supporting role) launch a Harvard-only social networking site called

thefacebookcom an idea Zuckerberg may or may not have borrowed from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss

an identical-twin pair of impossibly handsome and well-connected Harvard crew stars (Both Winklevoss brothers are played by Armie Hammer at least some of the time)

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

35

As thefacebook loses its definite article and leaps from school to school and finally into the world at large

one-time Napster founder and notorious Internet playboy Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake) comes on board

like a Porsche-driving Mephistopheles carving a fateful gulf between Zuckerberg and Saverin Zuckerberg

drops out of Harvard and moves the whole Facebook operation to Palo Alto Calif the brainiac center of

Silicon Valley To any native Northern Californian (such as David Fincher or me) presenting Palo Alto as a

decadent and drugged-out party town seems like an inside joke But who knows -- maybe it really was like that at Zuckerbergs house

All I can say about Timberlakes performance as the thoroughly odious desperately seductive textbook-case

metrosexual Parker is that he brings so much reptilian fun that he unbalances the movie almost fatally

Theres no doubting the intensity and commitment of Eisenbergs role as Zuckerberg who is depicted here as

an undoubted genius with a clear vision of Facebooks identity and potential that no one else shared but also

as a total bummer to be around Which is kind of weird for the main character in a movie but points toward

what I see as the filmmakers cultural and generational agenda

As we already know from Sorkin and Finchers forward-and-backward multiple-protagonist structure all

these people wind up suing each other in various permutations The results of that litigation arent terribly

important either in the movie or in real life Suffice it to say that everyone got paid although the Winklevi

as Zuckerberg calls them got only $65 million out of a company thats now believed to be worth many many billions (Saverin has been restored to co-founder status and owns a reported 5 percent of Facebook)

For the creator of The West Wing and the director of Zodiac and Fight Club the characters competing

legal depositions provide a kind of moral reckoning for an old-fashioned literary-minded yarn about a young

man from Nowheresville (the Long Island suburbs in this case) who conquers the world but risks losing his

soul Im not disposed to compare The Social Network to Citizen Kane as some critics have -- thats a

way of subtly demeaning both films and as Sorkin has said the structure is closer to All About Eve or 12

Angry Men As Ive already suggested this movie is more like a pessimistic modern -dress reworking of

The Great Gatsby featuring Garfields Saverin in the Nick Carraway observer role and transforming the

enigmatic self-constructed dude at the center of the story from a suave ladies man and party host to a tic-

laden hoodie-wearing introvert who can barely hold a conversation

Like Gatsby the Zuckerberg of The Social Network is almost pathetically consumed by the Girl Who Got

Away who drove him not just to play a vicious prank on Harvards female populatio n but also to become the

youngest billionaire in history This feels like a literary device and from what little I know about the real

Zuckerberg does not entirely ring true Its difficult not to read The Social Network as an indictment of

Mark Zuckerberg and even more so the era that produced him This damaged and repellent little guy

becomes a fantastic success and a symbol of our age (the film argues) by bulldozing people who seem more

normal and sympathetic including Saverin and the Winklevoss brothers and even the scoundrelly Parker a villain so bad he wants to be a hero Against those more palatable examples we get the Gatsby we deserve

Furthermore I detect an element of generational warfare conscious or not at work in The Social Network

which is after all a takedown of the worlds richest 26-year-old made by two guys in their late 40s (Just to be

clear I belong to Sorkin and Finchers generation not to Zuckerbergs) If Zuckerberg ever breaks down and

sees this dense rich and talky picture he might argue that it fails to capture him because it uses the venerable

tools of Western psychological drama to pursue a character who emerged in a different matrix of space and

time

Is The Social Network one of the fall seasons best big movies Without question Its also the subject of one

of those feverish social-media marketing campaigns that makes major pop-culture spectacles sight unseen

carry all kinds of irrelevant Zeitgeisty baggage I guess the Marxist word for this would be reification

where movies are seen as metaphysical projections of the collective unconscious instead of internally

conflicted products that blend art and commerce while new masterpieces emerge every few weeks (and are

then abandoned) and debate is preempted by a Rotten Tomatoes rating (At this moment for this movie still

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

36

100 -- and I assume Ive done nothing to change that) Still the question remains Did Mark Zuckerberg create this world or just figure out how to cash in on it

(Document M Ben Franklin The Autobiography of Ben Franklin chapter

8httpwwwearlyamericacomlivesfranklinchapt8 Ben Franklin was a scientist philosopher politician and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence served as the first diplomat

to France and negotiated the peace settlement with Britain to end the American Revolution)

It was about this time I conceivd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection I wishd to live

without committing any fault at any time I would conquer all that either natural inclination custom or

company might lead me into As I knew or thought I knew what was right and wrong I did not see why I

might not always do the one and avoid the other But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficu lty

than I bad imagined While my care was employd in guarding against one fault I was often surprised by

another habit took the advantage of inattention inclination was sometimes too strong for reason I concluded

at length that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not

sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken and good ones acquired and

established before we can have any dependence on a steady uniform rectitude of conduct For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading I found the catalogue more or

less numerous as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Temperance for

example was by some confined to eating and drinking while by others it was extended to mean the

moderating every other pleasure appetite inclination or passion bodily or mental even to our avarice and

ambition I proposd to myself for the sake of clearness to use rather more names with fewer ideas annexd to

each than a few names with more ideas and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time

occurrd to me as necessary or desirable and annexed to each a short precept which fully expressd the extent

I gave to its meaning

These names of virtues with their precepts were

1 TEMPERANCE Eat not to dullness drink not to elevation

2 SILENCE Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation

3 ORDER Let all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time

4 RESOLUTION Resolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve

5 FRUGALITY Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself ie waste nothing

6 INDUSTRY Lose no time be always employd in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions

7 SINCERITY Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly and if you speak speak accordingly

8 JUSTICE Wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty

9 MODERATION Avoid extreams forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve

10 CLEANLINESS Tolerate no uncleanliness in body cloaths or habitation

11 TRANQUILLITY Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

37

12 CHASTITY Rarely use venery but for health or offspring never to dulness weakness or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation

13 HUMILITY Imitate Jesus and Socrates

My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues I judgd it would be well not to distract my

attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of them at a time and when I should be master

of that then to proceed to another and so on till I should have gone thro the thirteen and as the previous

acquisition of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I arrangd them with that view as they

stand above Temperance first as it tends to procure that coolness and clearness of head which is so

necessary where constant vigilance was to be kept up and guard maintained against the unremitting attraction

of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations This being acquird and establishd Silence would be

more easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improvd in virtue and considering

that in conversation it was obtaind rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue and therefore wishing to

break a habit I was getting into of prattling punning and joking which only made me acceptable to trifling

company I gave Silence the second place This and the next Order I expected would allow me more time for

attending to my project and my studies Resolution once become habitual would keep me firm in my

endeavors to obtain all the subsequent virtues Frugality and Industry freeing me from my remaining debt and

producing affluence and independence would make more easy the practice of Sincerity and Justice etc etc

Conceiving then that agreeably to the advice of Pythagoras in his Golden Verses daily examination would be necessary I contrived the following method for conducting that examination

38

TEAM A2

38

TEAM A2