BabesiosisBabesiosis

演讲：陈嘉俊演讲：陈嘉俊组员：刘宇杰 陈业谋 叶锦辉组员：刘宇杰 陈业谋 叶锦辉

Brief Introduction of BabesiosisBrief Introduction of Babesiosis

BabesiosisBabesiosis is a is a malaria-likemalaria-like parasitic parasitic disease caused by infection with disease caused by infection with BabesiaBabesia(Tick-borne)(Tick-borne), it is also called Tick fever,Red , it is also called Tick fever,Red water,Texas fever,etc.one of the water,Texas fever,etc.one of the PiroplasmosisPiroplasmosis. .

BabesiaBabesia are thought to be the second most are thought to be the second most common blood parasites of mammals(most common blood parasites of mammals(most commom in cattle and horse) and they can commom in cattle and horse) and they can have a major impact on health of domestic have a major impact on health of domestic animals in areas without severe winters. animals in areas without severe winters.

Human babesiosis is uncommon, but Human babesiosis is uncommon, but reported cases have risen recently reported cases have risen recently because of expanded medical awareness.because of expanded medical awareness.

Babesia bigeminaBabesia bigemina B. bovisB. bovis B. ovataB. ovata B. orientalisB. orientalis

BabesiaBabesia spp. in cattle spp. in cattle

MorphologyMorphology

B. bigemina(B. bigemina(Giemsa stain)Giemsa stain)

B. bovisB. bovis

Comparison of four Comparison of four BabesiaBabesia sp. sp.

B. bigeminaB. bigemina B. bovisB. bovis B. ovataB. ovata B. orientalisB. orientalis

SizeSize ++

4.5*2.0μm4.5*2.0μm

--

2.0*1.5μ2.0*1.5μmm

++

3.57*1.713.57*1.71μmμm

shapeshape 梨籽形梨籽形、圆、圆形、椭圆形、形、椭圆形、不规则形不规则形

梨籽形梨籽形、、圆形、椭圆形、椭圆形、不圆形、不规则形、规则形、圆点形圆点形

梨籽形、梨籽形、卵形、卵卵形、卵圆形、出圆形、出芽形 芽形

梨籽形、环梨籽形、环形、椭圆形、形、椭圆形、边虫形、杆边虫形、杆状状

Number Number in the in the RC.RC.

1-2,seldom 1-2,seldom 3+3+

1-31-3 1-2, or 41-2, or 4

Life cycleLife cycle

Both Both BabesiaBabesia species are single cell organi species are single cell organisms that develop in the erythrocytes of cattlsms that develop in the erythrocytes of cattle and are transmitted by tick . The life cycle e and are transmitted by tick . The life cycle includes four steps as follows : includes four steps as follows :

Binary fission of trophozoites occurs in the Binary fission of trophozoites occurs in the erythrocytes of the bovine host ; erythrocytes of the bovine host ;

Trophozoites ingested by female ticks undeTrophozoites ingested by female ticks undergo growth and multiplication in the epithelirgo growth and multiplication in the epithelial cells of the gut , al cells of the gut ,

producing vermiculate bodies that enter the producing vermiculate bodies that enter the cells of the Malpighian tubules and repeat ficells of the Malpighian tubules and repeat fission ;ssion ;

then enter and accumulate in developing ethen enter and accumulate in developing eggs. ggs.

③③Vermicules in the yolk migrate to tVermicules in the yolk migrate to the gut epithelium of the larval ticks , he gut epithelium of the larval ticks , grow ,undergo multifission , and are rgrow ,undergo multifission , and are released into the hemolymph ; eleased into the hemolymph ;

④④The vermicules invade the salivary The vermicules invade the salivary glands of newly formed nymphal tickglands of newly formed nymphal ticks , grow and divide by multifission to s , grow and divide by multifission to from vermiculate progeny that are injfrom vermiculate progeny that are injected into the vertebrate host by feeected into the vertebrate host by feeding nymphs and subsequent develoding nymphs and subsequent developmental stages of the ticks. pmental stages of the ticks.

EpidemiologyEpidemiology

Babesiosis was prevalent in maBabesiosis was prevalent in many countries of the world, and thny countries of the world, and their occurrence and prevalence aeir occurrence and prevalence are closely related to activities of tre closely related to activities of the tick.he tick.

Seasonality Seasonality EndemicityEndemicity Natural nidus Natural nidus

Babesiosis of cattle are various froBabesiosis of cattle are various from different age and strain. Here arm different age and strain. Here are the differences between youngee the differences between younger cattle and adult cattle.r cattle and adult cattle.

Younger Younger cattlecattle

Adult cattleAdult cattle

MorbidityMorbidity highhigh lowlow

SymptomSymptom lightlight obviousobvious

MortalityMortality lowlow highhigh

B. bigemina and B. bovisB. bigemina and B. bovis

Prevalent province:Prevalent province: Gansu,Henan,SGansu,Henan,Shanxi,Zhejiang,Jiangsu, Xizang,Yunahanxi,Zhejiang,Jiangsu, Xizang,Yunan,Guizhou,Hubei,Hunan, Jiangxi,Fujin,Guizhou,Hubei,Hunan, Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,Anhui,Shanan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Anhui,Shandong,Liaoningdong,Liaoning

Vector:Vector:BoophilusBoophilus microplusmicroplus Transmission:Transmission:transovarian transmisstransovarian transmiss

ionion B. bigeminaB. bigemina is transmitted by next ny is transmitted by next ny

mph and adult, mph and adult, B. bovisB. bovis is transmitte is transmitted by next larva.d by next larva.

B. Orientalis B. Orientalis andand B. ovata B. ovata

B. Orientalis B. Orientalis Prevalent province: Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,JiPrevalent province: Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Ji

angsu, Anhui,etc.angsu, Anhui,etc. Vector:Vector:Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloidesRhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Transovarian transmittionTransovarian transmittion

B. orientalisB. orientalis is transmitted by next adult. is transmitted by next adult. B. ovataB. ovata VectorVector:Haemaphysalis longicornis:Haemaphysalis longicornis Transovarian transmittionTransovarian transmittion

Transmitted by next larva,nymph and adult.Transmitted by next larva,nymph and adult.

PathogenesisPathogenesis

The parasites develop in erythroThe parasites develop in erythrocyte→bacause of mechanical injcyte→bacause of mechanical injury and nutrition loss → plenty oury and nutrition loss → plenty of erythrocyte are damaged → caf erythrocyte are damaged → cause hemolytic anaemia → pale use hemolytic anaemia → pale mucosa and jaundicemucosa and jaundice

decrease of erythrocyte and hemoglobidecrease of erythrocyte and hemoglobin→lack of oxygen →oxidation-reduction n→lack of oxygen →oxidation-reduction reaction is destroyed→dysbolism and areaction is destroyed→dysbolism and acid-base imbalance→denaturation of cecid-base imbalance→denaturation of cells, and even necrosis, resulting in tissulls, and even necrosis, resulting in tissue edema and extravasated blood e edema and extravasated blood

accumulation of toxin and accumulation of toxin and metabolites →act on central metabolites →act on central nervous system and  antagonistic nervous system and  antagonistic system →temperature adjustment system →temperature adjustment function disabled and disorder of function disabled and disorder of antagonistic function →cause antagonistic function →cause ardent fever and comaardent fever and coma

SymptomsSymptoms

Incubation period:10-15 dIncubation period:10-15 d fever, 40-42fever, 40-42℃℃ ,depression,decreased ,depression,decreased

eppetite, pulse and respiratory accelereppetite, pulse and respiratory accelerating, light diarrhea, rumination delayeating, light diarrhea, rumination delayed or stopped.d or stopped.

emaciationemaciation pale mucosa pale mucosa jaundicejaundice haemoglobinuria haemoglobinuria lactation decrease or stop lactation decrease or stop abortion.abortion.

LesionsLesions

hemolytic anemiahemolytic anemia （溶血性贫（溶血性贫血）血）

pale mucosa. pale mucosa. yellowing of the visible mucusa yellowing of the visible mucusa

(icterus) (icterus) hemoglobinuriahemoglobinuria HepatomegaliaHepatomegalia splenomegalysplenomegaly

DiagnosisDiagnosis

11 、、 stained blood smearstained blood smear 22 、、 serological examinationserological examination （（ ii

ncludingncluding ：： IHAIHA 、、 ELISAELISA ）） 33 、、 post mortem examinationpost mortem examination 44 、、 gene diagnosisgene diagnosis （（ for examfor exam

ple: PCR)ple: PCR)

Treatment and PreventionTreatment and Prevention

TreatmentTreatment 1.diminazene1.diminazene 2.acriflavine2.acriflavine 3.imidocarb3.imidocarb 4.quinuronium sulfate4.quinuronium sulfate

PreventionPrevention 1.killing ticks1.killing ticks 2.medication prevention2.medication prevention 3.vaccination3.vaccination