BA-29

Daniels Mill, (Elysville, Gary, Alberton Mill)

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse-

chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National

Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation

such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site

architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at

the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft

versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a

thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research

project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 02-04-2016

Memo to file

February 13, 2015

From: Casey Pecoraro Inventory Registrar

Re: BA-29 Daniels Mill (Elysville Mill, Gary Mill, Alberton Mill)

The property documented in the following MIHP form has been demolished, per Teri Rising, Baltimore County Department of Planning Preservation Services Division (see 1126/15 e-mail and report on file in Registrar's office).

Maryland Historical Trust Determination of Eligibility Form

kperty Name: Daniels Mill (Elysville, Gary, Alberton Mill)

Address: Daniels Road

City: Ellicott City Zip Code:

Inventory Number:

Historic District:

County: Howard

HO-27 \SA-2*{ Yes No

USGSQuadrangle(s):

Property Owner:

Tax Map Parcel Number(s):

Project: removal of Daniels Dam

Tax Account ID Number:

Tax Map Number:

USFWS Agency:

Agency Prepared By: Maryland Historical Trust

Preparer's Name: Jonathan Sager Date Prepared: 03/13/2013

Documentation Is Presented In:

Preparer's Eligibility Recommendation:

Criteria: A B C

Eligibility Recommended

Considerations: A B

Eligibility Not Recommended

D E F G

Name of the District/Property:

Inventory Number:

Site Visit by MHT Staff:

Complete if the property is a contributing or non-contributing resource to a NR district/property:

Eligible: Yes

Yes No Name:

Listed:

Date:

Yes

^Description of Property and Justification: (Please attach map and photo)

At the time it was placed on the National Register in 1973, Daniels Mill included seven early industrial buildings, a number of twentieth century industrial buildings, a post office, a company store, multiple churches, and a number of houses on the Howard County side of the river. The boundaries of the National Register-listed area were not precisely defined.

As of 2013, the only features of the town that were still visible were two churches, one of the later industrial buildings, ruins from a few of the older industrial buildings, the dam, a smokestack, piers and a few other context-less industrial features. The district has insufficient integrity to represent its past and is no longer eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The churches have not been evaluated as individual resources.

MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST REVIEW

Eligibility Recommended:

Criteria: A B C D

MHT Comments: ]J\

Eligibility Not Recommended:

Considerations: A

X B C D E F G

Reviewer, Office of Preservation Services S/^/l^

Date

Date

Wednesday, March 13, 2013 Printed from MHT GIS/Library Database

20(3010/?

*

>*

F-orm 10 300 UNI 1 E D S I A l ES D t P A R I M E N 1 o r I H f . INT 1 K IOK 'Ju ly 1969) N A T I O N A L P A R K S E R V I C E

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Type all entries — complete applicable sections)

BA-29 ( HO-27 ) i . 1 A 1 I 1

Maryland C O U N T Y '

Howard

F O R N P S USE O N L Y

F N T R Y NUMI1EH

| l . NAME' C OMMON:

Dan ie l s M i l l AND OH H l M o n i C :

CR Dan ie ls M i l l , E l y s v i l l e M i l l , Gary M i l l , A l b e r t o n M i l l 2. LOCATION

S T R E E T AND N U M B E R :

A l b e r t o n Road C I T Y OR TOWN:

Dan ie l s S T A T E

Mary land C O D E C O U N T Y : -

Howard 3. CLASSIFICATION

r>A T r

j

CODE

027 .

A

o

r -

•r>

r -

1/1

LU

CATEGORY (Check One)

3 D is t r i c t Q Bu i ld ing

• Site Q Structure

D Ob,ect

O W N E R S H I P

• Pub l i c

CD P ' i v o te

• Both

Public A c q u i s i t i o n :

(~l In Process

j Being Considered

S T A T U S

Tjg Occupied

i 1 Unoccupied

I I Preservot ion work

i n p r o g r e s s

A C C E S S I B L E

T O T H E P U B L I C

Y e s :

Q Rest r ic ted

] Unrestr ic ted

B No

P R E S E N T USE (Check One or More «s Appropriate)

• j Agr icul tura l

pn Commerciol

r71 Educat ional

] Entertainment

[ | Government

X~l Industr ia l

[ | M i l i t a ry

I ! Museum

f~l Pr ivote Residence

K~l Rel ig ious

i 1 Scient i f ic

n Transportat ion

• Other (Specify)

• Con

!<•

••

>•

DWNER OF PROPERTY O W N E R ' S N AME:

C R . D a n i e l s , I n c . S T R E E T A N D N U M B E R :

A l b e r t o n Road C I T Y OR TOWN:

Dan ie l s LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION C O U R T H O U S E . R E G I S T R Y OF D E E D S E T C :

Howard County Cour thouse S T R E E T A N D N U M B E R :

Church S t r e e t C I T Y OR TOWN:

E l i c o t t C i ty

REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS T I T L E OF S U R V E Y :

Mary land R e g i s t e r o f H i s t o r i c S i t e s and Land D A T E O F S U R V E Y : 1 9 6 8 1 1 Federol

D E P O S I T O R Y F O R S U R V E Y R E C O R D S :

Mary land H i s t o r i c a l T r u s t S T R E E T A N D N U M B E R :

2525 Riva Road C I T Y OR T O W N :

STA T E :

Maryland ~

S T A T E

Maryland

marks y j Stole | " | County | ] L o r e

S T A T E :

Maryland

i

CODE

24

C O D E

24

i

.. .. _| i

CODE •

24

1

P -i i • *< •* ,— n 3 C

CO

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Ho

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(Z. DESCRIPTION

e>A-2<\ VHO-2^

CONDITION

(Chech One)

• E x c e l l e n t Q Good fX] Foir • Deterioroted Q Ruini D Unexposed

(Check One)

B Altered • Unolteted

f Check OneJ

• M o v e d ^ ~ ) O r i g i n a l Site

D E S C R I B E T H E P R E S E N T A N D O R I G I N A L (il known) P H Y S I C A L A P P E A R A N C E

The C.R. Daniels Mill is located in a sheltered, wooded valley of the upper Patapsco River. The complex consists of seven early industrial structures, several concrete block and brick structures of recent date (20th Century), and a church on the side of the hill. An extensive complex of mill-hand houses, formerly numbering around ninety units, and a Catholic church were demolished in 1968. Many of the former houses were located in Baltimore County, but the only remaining structures are located in Howard County.

At least three of the buildings at Daniels have religious overtones, echoing the prevalent nineteenth century Christian ethic of the virtuousity of work. The complex appears to have developed on three sides of a courtyard with the south side open and facing the railroad. The main building is on the west side of the courtyard. Most of the courtyard has been engulfed by a low concrete block building.

The main structure is a three story granite building with the facade resem­bling a simple church with Gothic and Romanesque elements. In place of a spire atop the central tower, there is an octagonal domed federal bell cote on platform, resembling an English garden pavillion. Flanking the central tower entrance are one-story crenelated additions, both with semicircular headed openings repeating the design of the central entrance. Above the entrance is a two-story arched window and a rose window. There are rusti­cated granite quoins on the corners of the tower and around the windows of the facade. The VA" roof of the body of the mill is broken on both sides of the ridge by a range of clerestory windows. The windows along the sides of the structure have been filled in, and part of the building is obscurred by a low concrete block building.

The central building of the complex is constructed of brick in the Romanesque style. Its gable faces what used to be the courtyard and is three full storys tall and three bays wide. The bays are divided by pilasters extend­ing from the ground to the pediment. The pairs of windows have protruding semicircular arches.

Although the facade of the structure on the east of the courtyard is hidden behind a concrete block structure, it is built of granite in the late Vic­torian style. Its tower was formerly open beneath the truncated spire. The body of the church is covered with a hipped roof and the rafter-ends are exposed. Plain rectangular windows are enhanced by the use of decorative sash.

Two other buildings in the courtyard are both three storys tall, one of gran ite, the other of rubble stone. The former has two towers projecting above the roof, one with a pyramidal roof, the other flat.

On the far west of the complex is a long two-story granite warehouse, and on the far east is a one-story brick Post Office. The latter was originally a two-story company store building.

see continuation sheet-

6*-Z°l CH°-27)

[6. SIGNIFICANCE P E R I O D (Check One or More ma Appropriate) f

• P r e - C o l u m b i a n ! G 16th Century Q 18lh Century H 20th Century

• 15th Century D 17th Century Q 19th Century

S P E C I F I C D A T E l S ) (H Applicable and Known)

A R E A S O F S I G N I F I C A N C E (Check One or More as Appropriate)

A b o r i g i n a l • Educot ion Q P o l i t i c o l O U r b o n P l o n n . n o

• P reh is to r i c Q Engineer ing f j R e l i g i o n / P h i - • ° , n e ' <Snecify)

• H i s t o r i c Q Q I n d u s t r y l o s o p h y

[~ l A g r i c u l t u r e f—i | n v e n i i o n f j -J S c i e n c e

X ~ l A r c h i t e c t u r e f—] L o n d s c a p e [ " ] S c u l p t u r e

f ~ l A r t A r c h i t e c t u r e f - J S o c i o l / H u m o n -

Q C o m m e r c e • L i t e r o t u r e i t o r i o n

Q C o m m u n i c o t i o n s r—] m i | j t o r y f—| T h e o t e r

f ~ l C o n s e r v o t i o n r—| „ u s i c • T r o n s p o r t o t i o n

S T A T E M E N T O F S I G N I F I C A N C E

L

The Daniels Mill is an important nineteenth century textile mill that con­tinues to produce cotton a century after its construction. The mill is located on the Patapsco River which, with the Jones Falls, comprised the chief location of mill activity in the Baltimore area.

In the nineteenth century an industrial village existed on the site, inclu­ding stores, a railroad station, a school, and several mill workers houses. The large majority of these supportive structures have been demolished in the 1960's leaving only the mill to interpret the importance of the site in the industrial history of Maryland.

In 1829 Thomas Ely and four other men incorporated the Elysville Manufact­uring Company empowered to manufacture cotton textiles. Under Ely's direct ion the company acquired almost 200 acres along the Patapsco at a crossing of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tracks. Between August 1845 and the Spring of 1846 the company erected the mill.

During the fall of 1845 Thomas Ely and his brothers were negotiating with Baltimore textile merchants to obtain additional financial backing. One of the brothers, Colonel Hugh Ely, was a state senator and did the "log rolling}' in the assembly for a bill which created the Okisko Company which provided the Elys with an additional $25,000.00 capital.

For a brief period in 1847 and 1848 the mill produced cotton goods before an induction halted operations. The mill remained idle while the Okisko Company and the Elysville Company contested the ownership of the property in the courts.

The bankrupt Okisko Company won the suit and conveyed the property to the Alberton Manufacturing Company incorporated in 1853 and most probably named for Jacob Albert who had loaned money to the Okisko Company taking title to their property as security. The mill village took its name from the company and was called Alberton at least through the 1870's.

At the end of the 1850's another newly incorporated organization, the Sago nan Manufacturing Company, took over the assets of the-Alberton Company. The directors included a director from the Alberton Company and James S.Gary who in the 1860's bought the property and created still another firm which operated the mill until the 1940's when the C.R. Daniels Company took con­trol 2

- see continuation sheet-

[9.. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

Recorders: Nancy Miller, Michael 0. Bourne, Orlando Ridout Maryland Historical Trust, 2525 Riva Road, Annapolis, Maryland

-see continuation sheet-

10. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA nr:

L A T I T U D E AND L O N G I T U D E C O O R D I N A T E S D E F I N I N G A R E C T A N G L E L O C A T I N G T H E P R O P E R T Y

NW

NE

SE sw

L A T I T U D E

Degrees Minutes Seconds

39 . 19. 09. 39 39 39

19. 09. 18. 54. 18- 54.

L O N G I T U D E

Degree* Minutes Second*

76 o 4 9 . 0 4 . 76 c 4 8 . 2 9 . 76 c 4 8 . . 2 9 . 76 o 4 9 . 04-

L A T I T U D E A N D L O N G I T U D E C O O R D I N A T E S D E F I N I N G T H E C E N T E R P O I N T O F A P R O P E R T Y

O F LESS THAN T F N A C R E S

L A T I T U D E

Degrees Minutes Seconds O •

L O N G I T U O C

Degrees Minutes Seconds

A P P R O X I M A T E A C R E A G E OF N O M I N A T E D P R O P E R T Y : 105 ac res .LIST A L L S T A T E S A N D C O U N T I E S FOR P R O P E R T I E S O V E R L A P P I N G S T A T E OR C O U N T Y B O U N D A R I E S

S T A T E : C O D E C O U N T Y

C O U N T Y

COUN TY :

COUN TY:

13. FORM PREPARED BY N A M E A N D T1TL E:

Arthur Townsend - Associate Director for Field Services anc O R G ANI Z A TION

Maryland Historical Trust

-Staff D A T E

July 3., 1972 S T R E E T AND N U M B E R :

2525 Riva Road CITfY OR TOWN:

Annapolis 12. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICA I ION

As the des igna ted State Lia ison Officer for the Na­

tional Histor ic P rese rva t ion Act of 10o0 ( P u b l i c Law

89-665), 1 hereby nominate th is property (or inc lus ion

in the Nat ional Regis ter and certi ly that it h a s been

eva lua ted according to the criteria and procedures set

forth by the National Park Setvii-e. The recommended

level of s i g n i d c a n c e of this nomination i s :

N a t i n n . i l ! 1

oA Stat "' I X l . m . i l I

N a m e . X 0 * \ <Q_Q / c L c ^ d ^ - A j f I t/

Orlando Ridout IV

Tnie State Liaison Officer for Mary 1and~

-Date July 10, 1972

Maryland 24 NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION

I hereby certify that th is property is included in the

National Regis te r . . • '• • •

Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic P r e s e r v . i f i o n

I ' /att

A T T E S T :

Keeper of The National Register

Late

MrTA (.HO-27) Form 10-300o (July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PL ACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

Maryland

Howard FOR NPS USE ONLY

E N T R Y N U M B E R

(Number mtl anlrltt) 7. DESCRIPTION, continued

South of the mill buildings on the north slope of a hill stands Gary Memorial Church, a granite church built in the High Victorian Gothic style. It is a four bay long structure with an off-center tower entrance on the west gable. Variation of color is achieved by the use of bricks at water table and sill height. The keystones of the brick arches are granite. Beneath the over­hanging eave with its exposed and decorative rafter-ends is a course of brick corbels. Pilaster strips place emphasis on the otherwise plain windows. Both the south entrance and the north tower entrance are covered with a bracketed hood with pierced fretwork. The same delicate fret is used in the lancet opening of the tower. The upper stage of the tower is corbeled out and from it rises a steeply pitched pyramidal spire. Four dormer-like windows light the lower part of the spire.

South of the church is a small cemetery. West of the church and connected thereto is a one-story brick rectory or hall.

1 of 3 continuation sheets

£4~3q (HO-27) Form 10-300o (July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PL ACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

Maryland

Howard FOR NPS USE ONLY

E N T R Y N U M B E R

(Number mil entrlmm)

8 SIGNIFICANCE, con t inued *

Footnotes 1 The Elysville - Okisko Company suit and its background are

thoroughly documented in Chancery Papers #7664 at the Hall of Records.

^In 1860 the mill was the only textile producing operation in Howard County. It employed 50 men and 120 women to operate its 120 looms and 3,000 spindles. The mill made oznabrug, twill and yarn. See Eighth Census, 1860, Manufactures, Maryland.[original], Maryland State Library, Annapolis, Maryland. In 1895 it had 340 looms and 14,000 spindles. See Textile World, (July 1895), 105.

9. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES, continued

PRIMARY SOURCES

Maryland State Library, Annapolis, Maryland

Compendium of the Sixth Census. Washington: Dept. of State, 1841.

Eighth Census. 1860. Manufactures. Maryland. [original].

Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland

Laws of Maryland.

Seventh Census. 1850. Manufactures.

Anne Arundel County Land Records.

Maryland. [original]

Atlas of Fifteen Miles Around Baltimore Including Howard County, Maryland. Philadelphia: G.M. Hopkins, 1878.

Chancery Papers #7664.

Howard County Chattel Records.

Howard County Land Records.

Martenet, Simon J. "Martenet's Map of Howard County, Maryland". Baltimore: John Schofield, 1860.

see continuation sheet

2 cf 3 continuation sheets

/t,4-7>°t fiO-27; form 10-3OOo

.(July 1969) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTOR IC PL ACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

S T A T E

Maryland C O U N T Y

Howard FOR NPS USE ONLY

E N T R Y N U M B E R

(Number mil entrlem)

9. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES, continued

SECONDARY SOURCES

Biographical Cyclopedia of Representative Men of Maryland and the District of Columbia. Baltimore: National Biographical Publishing Company,1879

Genealogy and Biography of the Leading Families of Baltimore. n.p.: Chapman Publishing Company, 1897

3 of 3 continuation sheets

0300^5^-1^ i. STATE Mary land

COUNTY B a l t i m o r e TOWN VICINITY D i s t . I I

STREET NO.

ORIGINAL OWNER

ORIGINAL USE

PRESENT OWN ER

PRESENT USE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

NO. OF STORIES

HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY

INVENTORY B A — 2 9

2. NAME Dan ie ls

DATE OR PERIOD 1 8 4 0

STYLE

A R C H I T E C T

BUILDER

3. FOR LIBRARY OF CONGRESS USE

4. NOTABLE FEATURES, HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND DESCRIPTION OPEN TO PUBLIC

Former ly A l b e r t o n - f o r m e r l y E l y s v i l l e . A p i c tu resque

m i l l town i n the Patapsco R i v e r V a l l e y . O r i g i n a l g r a n i t e

s tone m i l l , and more recen t b r i c k a d d i t i o n s ; numerous

b r i c k and frame houses, semi -detached, f o r wo rke rs .

E n t i r e community purchased by C. R. Dan ie l s , I n c .

s e v e r a l decades ago; now manufacturers o f co t t on duct d o c k .

p r o d u c t s . Located on the B. & 0 . R.R. , pa r t i n B a l t i ­

more County and pa r t i n Howard.

5. PHYSICAL CONDITION OF STRUCTURE Endangered Inter ior Exter ior

V M 7 6. LOCATION MAP fP'on Optional) 7. PHOTOGRAPH

3- PUBLISHED SOU RCES Ovrhor, Title, Pages)

INTERVIEWS, RECORDS, PHOTOS, ETC. ' • NAME, ADDRESS AND TITLE OF RECORDER

( F i r s t HABS Repor t ) E. Frances O f f u t t HABS COMMITTEE OF BALTIMORE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY DATE OF RECORD

Ju ly 29 , 1965

and Mrs. Milton de Sombre. In the second row, are John Mueller. Rip Shaffer, Martin de Sombre, William Barton, and Robert Can. The third row includes Norman Baumgart, Lawrence Sugars, and Charles Polesne.

The worst flood to hit the Patapsco River the Daniels railroad piers, rerouting the river. chain link fence. The effects of this dreadful since the disaster of 1868 was tropical storm The result was the total flooding of the storm were county wide; a man, stalled in his Agnes in the week of June 21,1972. factory, which never reopened at the site. A Cadillac in the Cockeysville underpass, Damaging many buildings in and near Tire in the mid-seventies finished the job; the drowned when the electrically controlled Ellicott City, the flood piled up debris around site is now a collection of ruins sealed off by a windows could not be opened.

Powhatan Cotton Mill, known originally as 1873, and widespread use was still made of number of fires culminated in an all-con-the ' 'Baltimore Manufacturing Company- children in the mills in the early twentieth suming terminal one, on December 7,1895. Gwinn 's Falls,'' is pictured in the foreground century. In 1902 the Woodlawn Cemetery Company in the early 1880s. Built in 1810, the mill was Never a great money maker, Powhatan bought the property for another use. A designed by Robert Mills, the architect of went through a variety of ownerships, in- Methodist church was moved across the Baltimore's Washington Monument. By 1820 eluding William Lorman, Ross Campbell frozen Gwynns Falls on whiskey kegs; re-there were seven men, fifteen women, and George Slothower and numerous Leverings. maining residents were forced to move, and fifty-nine boys and girls spinning and another The panics and crashes of the nineteenth the old tract became the present-day twenty-three girls on the power looms. There century, and the uncertainty of power when cemetery, were no child labor laws in Maryland until the river was low, affected profitability. A 421

Alberton, a cotton mill town on the Patapsco, company store; a Bollman truss bridge and was auctioned to the C. R. Daniels Company was mostly in Howard County, although Lower Brick Row, extreme right. Alberton was of New Jersey for sixty-four thousand dollars. CD some of the workers' houses and St. Stanis- started in 1845 by the Elys, a family with a Daniels specialized in cotton duck manufac- •?" laus Roman Catholic Church were on the flair for bankruptcy and lawsuits. By 1859 turing, and this is what the Romanesque to Baltimore County side. This post-1871 view James S. Gary owned the mill village. Al- churchlike mill was manufacturing when shows Upper Brick Row, at the extreme left; though damaged by the disastrous 1868 tropical storm Agnes in 1972 ended produc- ^ Guilford (two houses behind the owner's flood, the old town survived to prosper in the tion. The C. R. Daniels Company now oper-mansion, which has a tower and is to the left nineteenth century but barely made it in the ates from higher ground in Howard County. to of the mill); three houses on "the green "; the twentieth. On November 23,1940, the village ^J

Brooks, Neal A., and Richard Parsons 1988 Baltimore County Panorama. Towson, Maryland: Baltimore County 239

Public Library.