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B3:4 How humans affect the

environment

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4.1 Effects of population explosion Too many humans

Use things up

Pollute things

AgricultureQuarrying &

mining

Landfill

Building

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Water and land pollution

Water

Sewage

Fertilizer

Toxic chemicals

Land

Pesticides

Herbicides

Land fill

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Air pollution

Smoke and

gases

Sulphurdioxide

Acid rain

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Deforestation has

Caused:

Increased releaseof CO2

Reduced amountof CO2 locked upin wood

Happened sothat:

More crops forbiofuels can begrown

More cattle andrice can be raised,more methane

produced

Led to:

A reduction inbiodiversity

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Destruction of peat bogs

Peat

is ancient rotten timber

is used as a fuel

Releases more CO2 into the air

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Global warming

As levels of methane and CO2 increase,

the world is warming. This can lead to

Climate change

Sea level rises

Reduced biodiversity

Migration pattern changes

Changed species distribution

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Sequestration of CO2

This is when CO2 is removed from the

atmosphere

Dissolved in water in oceans and lakes

Locked up in plants by photosynthesis

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Biofuels

Ethanol- based fuels can be produced

by anaerobic fermentation of sugars

from plants (often maize) Purer ethanol can be distilled from the

fermentation product and used as fuel

for cars This ethanol is carbon neutral

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Biogas

Methane from

anaerobic

fermentation of

organic waste Small or large

scale

Needs to be warm enough for bacteriato work efficiently

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Making food production

efficient Short food chains make food production

more efficient (vegetarianism?)

Food production can be controlled toreduce energy wastage

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Sustainable food production

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Sustainable food production

Fish stocks can be maintained by

controlling fishing quotas and net size

The fugus Fusarium producesmycoprotein (Quorn) when grown in a

large scale fermenter

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