B y Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

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B y Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad. Post harvest losses in Promising Sugarcane Genotypes. Significance. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of B y Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Page 1: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad
Page 2: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Post harvest losses in Promising Sugarcane

GenotypesBy  

Ghulam AbbasAssistant Agri. Chemist

Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Page 3: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Identification of cane genotypes to post harvest deterioration is needed to device scientific supply and crushing schedule with minimal loss of recover able sugar.

Significance

Page 4: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

To indentify the promising sugarcane genotypes with better juice quality maintenance during post harvest period in order to select the varieties most resistant to the post harvest inversion by the breeders for crossing program to develop the desirable genotypes.

Objectives

Page 5: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Sugarcane has poor post harvest as well as post maturity keeping quality due to which sugar deterioration of harvested canes starts immediately.

The sucrose decreases while the invert sugars increase which in turn hinder the normal sugar recovery.

During post harvest period sugarcane is subjected to many physical and chemical changes.

The most important physical change is the loss in cane weight due the evaporation of water from the cut portion of the cane and chemical change due to loss in sugar through inversion.

Causes

Page 6: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Sugarcane genotypes = HSF-240, S-2003-US-633, S-2003-US-694, S-2003-

US- 247, S-2003-US-165 and S-2003-US-704

Location = SRI, Faisalabad. Year of study = 2009-10 Design = RCBD split plotReplications = 3

Methology

Page 7: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Magnitude of losses in 8 daysIn Pakistan and other Asian countries, payment to the

farmers is made on weight basis so the delay in supply of harvested cane to the sugar industries could lead to major economic loss to cane growers.

At the prevailing cane payment price in Districts of the Punjab province, monetary losses to cane growers (calculation based on 8th day) are estimated to be around Rs. 522 (US$ 6.00) per tonne of cane supplied to the sugar mills.

Page 8: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Inversion leads to 1.07-1.25 unit loss in recovery; for a 5000 TCD mill we may lose 1070-1250 cane sugar bags which amounts to Rs. 3905500 -45622500 lac per day.

Direct losses

Page 9: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Dextran sucrase enzyme (of Leuconostoc mesenteroides bacteria) produces dextran and fructose.

Fructose is oxidized to organic acids and pH of the juice is lowered. As a result, more lime is required and scaling increases.

Dextran production increases juice viscosity, filtration becomes difficult, more energy is needed for processing and due to c-axis elongation needle shaped sugar crystals are produced which lead to poor quality of sugar.

Indirect losses

Page 10: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Effect of staling on % loss in cane weight

a. 9th month old crop (November- 2009)

Results

Variety/Days% Loss in cane weight during 8 days Average%

weight loss0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HSF-240 0.0 1.32 2.98 4.11 5.50 6.80 7.96 8.92 9.68 5.90

S-2003-US-633 0.0 2.13 3.24 4.54 5.56 6.79 7.76 8.92 9.67 6.07

S-2003-US-694 0.0 1.93 3.28 4.57 5.88 6.90 7.91 9.09 10.81

6.29

S-2003-US-247 0.0 1.85 3.20 4.29 5.59 6.78 7.84 9.47 10.27

6.16

S-2003-US-165 0.0 1.70 3.10 4.40 5.53 6.83 7.89 9.36 10.08

6.11

S-2003-US-704 0.0 1.90 3.05 4.34 5.51 6.75 7.88 9.29 10.30

6.12

Average 6.11 B

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Effect of staling on % loss in cane weight

b. 11th month old crop (January- 2010) Variety/Days

% Loss in cane weight during 8 days Average% weight loss

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HSF-240 0.0 1.22 2.12 3.39 4.53 5.80 6.97 8.07 8.96 5.13

S-2003-US-633 0.0 1.50 2.90 3.95 4.92 6.01 6.98 7.92 9.03 5.40

S-2003-US-694 0.0 1.29 2.21 3.22 4.49 5.46 6.39 7.62 8.68 4.92

S-2003-US-247 0.0 1.25 2.72 3.73 4.45 5.69 6.95 8.22 9.24 5.28

S-2003-US-165 0.0 1.29 2.56 3.64 4.55 5.51 6.61 7.91 8.85 5.11

S-2003-US-704 0.0 1.36 2.54 3.63 4.56 5.58 6.77 8.09 8.99 5.19

Average 5.17 C

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Effect of staling on % loss in cane weight

c. 13th month old crop (March- 2010) Variety/Days

% Loss in cane weight during 8 days Average% weight loss

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HSF-240 0.0 1.73 3.23 4.38 5.87 7.03 8.49 9.83 11.27 6.48

S-2003-US-633 0.0 2.30 3.97 5.62 7.21 8.69 10.01 11.30 12.61 7.71

S-2003-US-694 0.0 2.34 4.11 5.79 7.48 8.89 10.30 11.75 13.17 7.98

S-2003-US-247 0.0 2.45 4.19 5.95 7.56 9.10 10.64 12.00 13.44 8.17

S-2003-US-165 0.0 1.88 3.53 4.76 6.00 7.41 8.76 10.00 11.20 6.69

S-2003-US-704 0.0 2.01 3.61 5.02 6.49 8.08 9.45 11.03 12.37 7.26

Average 7.38 A

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Average of three months (Season)

Variety/Days% Loss in cane weight during 8 days Average

% weight loss0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HSF-240 0.0 1.42 2.78 3.96 5.30 6.54 7.80 8.94 9.97 5.84 C

S-2003-US-633 0.0 1.98 3.37 4.70 5.89 7.16 8.25 9.38 10.43 6.39 AB

S-2003-US-694 0.0 1.85 3.20 4.52 5.95 7.08 8.20 9.48 10.68 6.36 AB

S-2003-US-247 0.0 1.85 3.37 4.65 5.86 7.19 8.48 9.90 10.98 6.54 A

S-2003-US-165 0.0 1.62 3.06 4.26 5.36 6.58 7.75 9.09 10.04 5.97 C

S-2003-US-704 0.0 1.76 3.07 4.33 5.52 6.80 8.03 9.47 10.55 6.19 B

Average 6.22LSD value @ alpha = 0.05 Month = 0.1199 , Variety = 0.1695 , Days = 0.195, Month x variety = 0.4794 , Month x days = 0.3390, Days x variety = 0.2936

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Effect of staling on % loss in CCS (%)a. 9th month old crop (November- 2010)

Variety/Days% Loss CCS during 8 days % loss in

CCS (%) on 8th day0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HSF-240 11.92 12.00 12.08 12.06 12.00 11.84 11.50 11.14 10.87 8.81

S-2003-US-633 13.08 13.06 13.01 13.06 12.85 12.72 12.33 12.00 11.69 10.63

S-2003-US-694 12.79 12.78 12.76 12.72 12.65 12.25 12.11 11.75 11.55 9.69

S-2003-US-247 12.71 12.73 12.67 12.65 12.18 11.94 11.83 11.45 11.36 10.97

S-2003-US-165 12.76 12.72 12.70 12.57 12.49 12.12 11.98 11.64 11.49 9.95

S-2003-US-704 12.64 12.61 12.59 12.39 12.14 11.88 11.68 11.54 11.33 10.36

Average 12.21 C 10.07

Page 15: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Effect of staling on % loss in CCS (%)b. 11th month old crop (January- 2010)

Variety/Days% Loss in CCS during 8 days % loss in

CCS (%) on 8th day0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HSF-240 12.99 13.02 13.03 12.95 12.85 12.78 12.48 12.25 11.89 8.46

S-2003-US-633 13.22 13.26 13.20 13.13 13.00 12.93 12.82 12.61 12.22 7.56

S-2003-US-694 13.13 13.08 13.06 12.96 12.90 12.83 12.70 12.38 12.21 7.00

S-2003-US-247 12.81 12.80 12.79 12.70 12.63 12.47 12.28 12.11 11.95 6.71

S-2003-US-165 13.08 13.07 13.06 12.94 12.85 12.79 12.65 12.45 12.28 6.12

S-2003-US-704 12.80 12.77 12.75 12.63 12.52 12.45 12.19 12.06 11.79 7.89

Average 12.70 B

7.29

Page 16: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Effect of staling on % loss in CCS (%)c. 13th month old crop (March- 2010)

Variety/Days% Loss in CCS during 8 days % loss in

CCS (%) on 8th day0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HSF-240 13.62 13.59 13.40 13.34 13.06 12.78 12.40 12.34 12.19 10.49

S-2003-US-633 13.90 13.92 13.72 13.52 13.20 13.06 12.80 12.44 12.30 11.51

S-2003-US-694 13.51 13.44 13.24 13.01 12.79 12.48 12.25 12.13 11.98 11.32

S-2003-US-247 13.05 13.02 12.95 12.82 12.49 12.23 12.08 11.96 11.85 9.19

S-2003-US-165 13.35 13.34 13.18 13.04 12.76 12.66 12.32 12.13 11.88 11.01

S-2003-US-704 13.22 13.26 13.24 13.12 13.03 12.86 12.69 12.47 12.12 8.32

Average 12.84 A

10.31

Page 17: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

d. Average of three months (Season)

Variety/Days% Loss in CCS during 8 days Average%

weight loss0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

HSF-240 12.84 12.87 12.84 12.78 12.64 12.47 12.13 11.91 11.65 9.25

S-2003-US-633 13.40 13.41 13.31 13.24 13.02 12.90 12.65 12.35 12.07 9.90

S-2003-US-694 13.14 13.10 13.02 12.90 12.78 12.52 12.35 12.09 11.91 9.34

S-2003-US-247 12.86 12.85 12.80 12.72 12.43 12.21 12.06 11.84 11.72 8.96

S-2003-US-165 13.06 13.04 12.98 12.85 12.70 12.52 12.32 12.07 11.88 9.03

S-2003-US-704 12.89 12.88 12.86 12.71 12.56 12.40 12.19 12.02 11.75 8.86

Average 9.22LSD value @ alpha = 0.05 Month = 0.02492, Variety = 0.03525 , Days = 0.04317, Month x variety = 0.06105 , Month x days = 0.07477, Days x variety = 0.1057

Page 18: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Sr.No. Variety Loss of Farmer By Weight(Per Ton) Loss of Sugar(per 5000 TCD)

Av. % Wt. Loss

Wt. loss in Kg per

ton

MonetaryLoss Rs.(US$)

Loss in Sugar

Recovery (%)

Loss of Sugar in

Tons

Loss By Sugar Bags

Valuation(Rs.) of

Loss per Day

1. HSF-240 9.97 99.7 498.5(US$ 5.73) 1.11 55.5 1110 4051500

2. S-2003-US-633 10.43 104.3 521.5(US $ 6.00)

1.25 62.5 1250 4562500

3. S-2003-US-694 10.68 106.8 534.0(US$ 6.14) 1.16 58.0 1160 4234000

4. S-2003-US-247 10.98 109.8 549.0(US$ 6.31) 1.07 53.5 1070 3905500

5. S-2003-US-165 10.04 100.4 502.0(US$ 5.77) 1.10 55.0 1100 4015000

6. S-2003-US-704 10.55 105.5 527.5(US$ 6.07) 1.07 53.5 1070 3905500

Magnitude of Weight and Sugar Losses on 8th Day

Market Price of Sugar Bag on 11-09-2011 = Rs.3650/- per Bag Currency Rate of US dollar on 23-08-2011 = Rs. 86.90/-per Dollar

Page 19: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Loss per acre

Variety Average yield (Mounds per acre)

Loss per acre(Rs)

HSF-240 600 11964

S-2003-US-633 700 14602

S-2003-US-694 750 16020

S-2003-US-247 850 18666

S-2003-US-165 900 18072

S-2003-US-704 1000 21100

Page 20: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

How to overcome post harvest losses.In view of high post harvest weight and sugar

losses with consequently lower recovery in many sugar units in Punjab. It is suggested that the time between cut-to-crush should be reduced to 72 hours for manually harvested whole-stalk

Conclusions & Suggestions

Page 21: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Reduce heat load by keeping cane in shaded place, spraying water (10 L/tone cane), or by covering with trash and sprinkling water on it.

Killing the bacteria producing dextran, by using bactericides (Bactrinol-200 ppm, Actin ID 0.15 % solution, Leukokil -1% solution) dipping cut ends in it for 5 minutes

Preventing inversion by using inhibitors for invertase enzyme activity.

Spray of 25 mM KMnO4 + 25 mM Sodium metasilicate on the canes.

Reducing the heat load

Page 22: B y  Ghulam Abbas Assistant Agri. Chemist Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

Thanks