Soran University

Faculty of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

AZIMUTH ANGLES

Student: Sarchia KhursheedGroup: 2nd

Date: 12.04.2016Supervisor: Eng. Anwar Jabbar

IntroductionThe azimuth of an object is the horizontal angular distance along the horizon to the

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location of the object, usually measured clockwise. By convention, azimuth is measured from north towards the east along the horizon.The azimuth angle is like a compass direction with North = 0° and South = 180°. Other authors use a variety of slightly different definitions (i.e., angles of ± 180° and South = 0°).In plane surveying, azimuths are generally measured from the north, and are used advantageous in boundary, topographic, control, and other kinds of surveys, as well as in computations.

ObjectiveTo determine the direction with north and azimuth angles.

Equipment Total Station Reflector Tripod

Procedure1. First, we select a point on the ground, and setup Total station on

it.2. At the first point we select the direction of north, and arranging

the direction of Total station with north, by using compass.3. Next, we select the second point, and set the reflector on it.4. Then we read the distance and angle between point one and

point two from reflector by reading at Total station.5. Next, transfer the instrument to the place where there was

reflector which means second point.6. After that we do some work (step 4 and 5) for another points.

Data and Calculation

Readings Angle (Azimuth) Distance (m)1 > 2 164o44’38” 42.3202 > 3 33o18’36” 42.3413 > 4 347o71’69” 37.335

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4 > 1 218o97’44” 41.778

Result and ConclusionIn conclusion we know that azimuth defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line or meridian. Azimuth has also been more generally defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from any fixed reference plane or easily established base direction line.Today the reference plane for an azimuth is typically true north, measured as a 0° azimuth, though other angular units (grad, mil) can be used. Moving clockwise on a 360 degree circle, east has azimuth 90°, south 180°, and west 270°. There are exceptions: some navigation systems use south as the reference vector. Any direction can be the reference vector, as long as it is clearly defined.In this procedure by using Total station we determine azimuths of four points and the distances between them.

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