Prof.(DR.) TANUJA NESARI

DIRECTOR ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF AYURVEDa

CEO NATIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT

BOARD

Ayurveda Dietetics and Herbs for Learning and Attention Disorders

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Contents 1.  Definition of Swasth(Health) 2.  Components of Health 3.  Diet – An important cause of Cognitive Disorders 4.  Causes of Learning Disorders 5.  Cognition - As Per Ayurveda 6.  Samprapti of Learning and Cognitive disorder 7.  Pathya Ahara 8.  Importance of Kaala in Dietetics 9.  Herbs for Management of Cognitive Learning Disorder 10. Sadavritta (Code of Conducts to be Followed) 11. Conclusion

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MINDSOUL BODY

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Whatishealth?

ILLNESS---------WELLNESS-------------------HAPPINESS

Learninganda9en:ondisorders

•   ADHD: TroubleWithFocusandHyperacDvity•   Dyslexia:TroubleWithReading•   Dyscalculia:TroubleWithMathemaDcalcalculaDons•   Dysgraphia:TroubleWithWriDng•   Dyspraxia:TroubleWithMotorSkills

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TopicinspiredmanycreaDons

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These are a few commonly occurring mental disabilities leading to hampered learning i.e. Loss

of Medha :

Ø Dyslexia

Ø ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Ø Disorder)

Ø Language Processing Disorder.

Ø Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities.

Ø Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit

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Causes of Learning Disorders:

Ø It can be –

a.  Hereditary, b.  Chromosomal abnormalities, c.  Mishap to brain nerves at the time of birth in few cases. Ø Environmental factors also contribute to a person’s

mental well-being,

Ø Prolonged depression also results in mental disorders 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 7

Learning and Cognitive Disorders- Ø  Learning disabilities occur as a result of neurological problems in the human body(especially brain). Ø  Children are the worst affected with mental disabilities. Ø  It interferes with their basic learning capabilities like reading and writing.

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Components of ADHD

9

-ShortaRenDonspanforage(difficultysustainingaRenDon)-Difficultylisteningtoothers-DifficultyaRendingtodetails-Easilydistracted-ForgeWulness-PoororganizaDonalskillsforage-Poorstudyskillsforage

-O[eninterruptsothers-HasdifficultywaiDngforhisorherturninschooland/orsocialgames-TendstoblurtoutanswersinsteadofwaiDngtobecalledupon-Takesfrequentrisks,ando[enwithoutthinkingbeforeacDng

-SeemstobeinconstantmoDonwithnoapparentgoal-Hasdifficultyremaininginhis/herseatevenwhenitisexpected-fidgeDngexcessively-Talksexcessively-HasdifficultyengaginginquietacDviDes-Losesorforgetsthingsrepeatedlyando[enInabilitytostayontask

INATTENTION IMPULSIVITY HYPERACTIVITY

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Researchwork•   Singh,R.H.,Narsimhamurthy,K.&Singh,NeuronutrientimpactofAyurvedicRasayanatherapyinbrainagingG.Biogerontology(2008)9:

369.hRps://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-008-9185-z•   Kumar,V.(2006),Poten:almedicinalplantsforCNSdisorders:anoverview.Phytother.Res.,20:1023-1035.doi:10.1002/ptr.1970•   KeanJD,DowneyLA,StoughC-Asystema:creviewoftheAyurvedicmedicinalherbBacopamonnieriinchildandadolescentpopula:ons.

ComplementaryTherapiesinMedicine,Volume29,December2016,Pages56-62•   KongkeawC,DilokthornsakulP,ThanarangsaritPetal-Meta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsoncogni:veeffectsofBacopamonnieri

extract.JournalofEthnopharmacology,Volume151,Issue1,10January2014,Pages528-535•   MandeepKaur,ADshPrakash&AjudhiaNathKalia(2016)Neuroprotec:vepoten:alofan:oxidantpotentfrac:onsfromConvolvulus

pluricaulisChois.in3-nitropropionicacidchallengedrats,NutriDonalNeuroscience,19:2,70-78,DOI:10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000022•   RachithaP,KrupashreeK,JayashreeGV,etal.Chemicalcomposi:on,an:oxidantpoten:al,macromoleculedamageandneuroprotec:ve

ac:vityofConvolvuluspluricaulis.JTraditComplementMed.2018;8(4):483–496.Published2018Feb7.doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.002

•   VermaS,SinhaRetal(2012)StudyofConvolvuluspluricaulisforan:oxidantandan:convulsantac:vity.CentralNervousSystemAgentsMedicinalChemistry2012Mar;12(1):55-9

•   JaiMalik,ManinderKaran&KaranVasisht(2011)Nootropic,anxioly:candCNS-depressantstudiesondifferentplantsourcesofshankhpushpi,PharmaceuDcalBiology,49:12,1234-1242,DOI:10.3109/13880209.2011.584539

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Cognition - As Per Ayurveda

Cognition comes under the concept of :- •  Jnanotpatti •  Medha •  Buddhi •  Smriti

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AyurvedaPerspecDve-BuddhicogniDonncoordinaDon

उन्मादंपुनर्मनोबुद्धिसञ्ज्ञाज्ञानस्मृतिभक्तिशीलचेष्टाचारविभ्रमंविद्यात्||५||(Charak.NidanChapter9)

अत्रमनोविभ्रमाच्चिन्त्यानर्थान्नचिन्तयत,ेअचिन्त्यांश्चचिन्तयते;उक्तंहि-“मनसश्चचिन्त्यमर्थः”(सू.अ.८)इति|बुद्धिविभ्रमात्तुनित्यमनित्यमिति,प्रियंचाप्रियमितिपश्यति;वचनंहि-

“विषमाभिनिवेशोयोनित्यानित्येप्रियाप्रिय|ेज्ञेयःसबुद्धिविभ्रंशः,समंबुद्धिर्हिपश्यति”(शा.अ.१)इति|सञ्ज्ञांज्ञान,ंतद्विभ्रमादग्न्यादिदाहंनबुध्यते;किंवासञ्ज्ञानामोल्लेखेनज्ञानम|्स्मृतिविभ्रमात्तुनस्मरति,अयथावद्वास्मरति|भक्तिरिच्छा,तद्विभ्रमाच्चयत्रेच्छापूर्वमासीत्तत्रानिच्छाभवति|शीलविभ्रमादक्रोधनःक्रोधनोभवति|चेष्टाविभ्रमादनुचितचेष्टोभवति|आचारः

शास्त्रशिक्षाकृतोव्यवहारः;तद्विभ्रमादशौचाद्याचरति||५||(Chakrapanicommentary)

VariouscogniDveandbehaviouralaspectsconsideredinAyurvedaMana- Mind Buddhi- Cognition Sandnya- Perception Dnyana - Knowledge Smruti- Memory Bhakti- Beliefs Sheela - Morality Cheshta- Physicial Movements Achar- Behaviour BehaviouraldisordersareoriginatedfromderangementofeitherfactorsduetodoshaviDaDon.

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CogniDvefuncDonsCogniDvefuncDonsmainlycategorizedinto

•   Memory,•   ARenDon,•   CreaDvityand•   Intelligence

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Jnaanotpatti Ø It involves gross objects (indriyaartha), sense organs

(indriyas), buddhi, manas and atma.

Ø Jnaanotpathi involves the processes of perception, attention and comprehension.

Ø This knowledge is coded in the form of memory and used for future works or decisions.

Ø Recall of old knowledge or experiences is smriti. The normal functioning of smriti results in buddhi. 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 14

Processoflearning

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Buddhi,Sangnya, Gyana,Smruti

Chesta,Aachara Mana

Intellect

BehaviourMind

AnobjectCogni:veorgans(Five)Mind(Buddhi)Rten:on,percep:on&recallMindConnec:veorgansAnac:on

Mana(Psyche)

Indriyartha

(Sense Organs)

Indriyas(Cognitive and Motor Organs)

Samprapti of Learning and Cognitive disorder According to Ayurveda, learning or acquisition of knowledge is a result

of successive & complex interaction and coordination of following :-

Atma

(Soul)

Buddhi (Intellect)

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•  The functioning of these factors is governed by Tridosha (Vata, Pitta and Kapha) and Triguna (Sattva, Raja and Tama) in a specific coordination and balance.

•  Any disturbance in these Tridosha and Triguna will cause disordered functioning of Indriya, Mana and Buddhi leading to impaired learning or Dyslexia.

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ComponentsofMind

SaRva

TamasaRajasa

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Diet – An important cause of Cognitive Disorders

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The benefits and outcomes of balanced diet as per Ayurveda

तुष्टि पुष्टि धृति बुद्धि उत्साह पौरुषं बलं। सौस्वर्य ंओजस्तेजश्च………….नृणाम्॥ (का.खि. ४/११-१२) Ø  तुष्टि (Satisfaction) Ø  पुष्टि (Nutrition) Ø  धृति (Patience) Ø  बुद्धि (Intellect) Ø  उत्साह (Enthusiasm) Ø  पौरुष ं(Virility) Ø  बल ं(Strength) Ø  सौस्वर्य ं(Good voice) Ø  ओजOja (Immunity) 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 20

Ayurvedic dietetics comprises of

What to eat

Pathya aahaar (Wholesome diet)

Shadrasyukta aahaar (Diet Comprising of

6 Rasas) Nitya sevaniya

(Items recommended for daily intake)

According to prakriti & season (Personalised

and seasonal regimen)

How to eat

Dwadash Ashan Vichaar (12 Codes of conduct for

food intake)

Ashtavidha Aahar Visheshaayatan

(8 Codes of conduct for food intake)

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Ayurvedadiete:cs-Keyconcept

Ayurvedadiete:cs-Keyconcepts

Personspecific

Agni(DigesDvecapacity)Matra(IngesDonsuitability)

PrakriD(PhysicalConsDtuDon)

Foodspecific

Rasa,veerya,vipakaSeasonspecificityRecipeRange

Pharmaco-dietaryapproach

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IntroducingSMARTDiet

SatvikaMedhyaDeepana,PachanaRasayana

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MedhyaRasayanaconcept

•   दीर्घमायुःस्मृतिंमेधामारोग्यंतरुणंवयः|प्रभावर्णस्वरौदार्यंदेहेन्द्रियबलंपरम|्|७||वाक्सिद्धिंप्रणतिंकान्तिंलभतेनारसायनात|्लाभोपायोहिशस्तानांरसादीनांरसायनम्||८||

•   मण्डूकपर्ण्याःस्वरसःप्रयोज्यःक्षीरेणयष्टीमधुकस्यचूर्णम्|रसोगुडूच्यास्तुसमूलपुष्प्याःकल्कःप्रयोज्यःखलुशङ्खपुष्प्याः||३०||आयुःप्रदान्यामयनाशनानिबलाग्निवर्णस्वरवर्धनानि|मेध्यानिचैतानिरसायनानिमेध्याविशेषेणचशङ्खपुष्पी||३१||

•   Centellaasia:ca– Mandookparni•   Glycyrrhizaglabra- yash6madhu•   Tinosporacordifolia- Guduchi•   Convolvuluspluricaulis- Shankhapushpi

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ConceptofMedha

Medha

SmriD

DhruDDhi

Medhri Sangme--- 20.09.19

LD&ADHD-EAA2019 25

MedhyaRasayana

•   Anuniqueconceptinayurveda.•   Specificherbs&specificformulaDonsdesignedasmemoryboosters&enhancers.

•   E.g.Brahmi,Shankhapushpi,YashDmadhu,Mandookparni,Guduchietc.

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MedhyaRasayanas

Buddhi,Sandnya, Gyna,Smruti

Chesta,Aachara Mana

Intellect

BehaviourMind

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ModeofacDonofmedhyaRasayana

•   Agni-Sadhakagni-JyoDsmaD•   Srotasa-Haritaki,•   Micronutrient/Nourishnent-

Brahmi, YashDmadhu

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Herbsshankhapushpiguduchi

ashwagandha

pippali

yashD

amalki

Medhya

Herbs

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Samegoal-DifferentRoutes

Rasayan(Immuno-modulator)

Deepani.e.SDmulant(toagni)

&immuno-modulator

E.g.Haritaki.

Guduchi,Pippali,

Brumhani.e.Nourishing(body&mentalfaculDes)&immuno-modulator

E.g.Ashwagandha,YashD,Shatavari

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PATHYA AHAARA पथ्यंपथोअनपेतंयद्यच्चोक्तंमनसःप्रिय।ंमात्राकालक्रियाभूमौदेहदोषगुणांतरम्॥

(च.सु.२५/४५-४६)

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Nitya sevaneeya dravyas mentioned by “Acharya

Charaka” in Sutra sthana which includes - “षष्टिकान ्शाली मुद्गांश्च सैंधव आमलके यवान्। आंतरिक्षम् पयः सर्पिः जांगलम् मधु च अभ्यसेत॥्” (च.सु.५/१२) •  Shashtika (Variety of rice which matures in 60 days) •  Shali (Variety of rice) •  Mudga (Phaseolus radiatus L.) •  Rock salt •  Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) •  Antariksha jala (Rain water) •  Ghrita (Clarified butter) •  Jangala mansa rasa (Meat of wild animals) •  Madhu (Honey)

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Importance of Kaala meal timing in Dietetics

Particular seasons of the year and condition of the body also have their impact on digestive capacity as follows :-

•  Nityag - In this Ahara is consumed according to

Ritusatmya. e.g. In Hemant Ritu, the digestive power gets aggravated so

heavy food substances should be taken. In Varsha Ritu due to cold climate vata gets aggravated

hence vatashamaka sweet, sour and salty food and drinks are preferred.

•  Awasthika - Ahara taken according to healthy or diseased

condition of body . 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 33

Diet to be followed in Learning Cognitive disorders as mentioned by “Bhaishajya Ratnavali” -

•  Dadima (Sweet Pomegranate) •  Shobhanjan (Drumstick tree) •  Narikela (Coconut) •  Amlaki (Indian gooseberry.) •  Haritaki (Chebulic myrobalan) •  Tila Taila (Sesame oil) •  Draksha (Grapes) •  Antariksha jala (Rain water)

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Wholesome foods to be followed in Learning Cognitive disorders mentioned by “Yogratnakara”

•  Godhoom (Wheat) •  Mudga (Lentil) •  Rakt shali (Red rice) •  Gau Dugdha (Fresh milk) •  Shatdhaut Ghrita (100 Times washed clarified butter) •  Old Kushmand fruit (Winter melon/curbis ) •  Patola (Pointed gourd) •  Brahmi leaves (Water hyssop/gotucola ) •  Vastuka (Lamb’s quarters) •  Draksha (Grapes/resins ) •  Amalaki (Emlica officnale )

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Herbs for Management of Cognitive Learning Disorder

•  Brahmi - Improves impaired mental functions. Some of those herbs are as follows:-

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•  Mandukparni– Increases learning capabilities. Possesses stress relieving properties.

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•  Ashwagandha – Decreases excitatory neurotransmitters and suppresses hyperactivity in brain.

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•  Jyotishmati – Increases memory power.

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•  Guduchi – Enhances cognition by increasing synthesis of acetylcholine.

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•  Vacha – Useful in clearing speech of children.

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Sadavritta (Code of Conducts to be Followed) Acharya Charaka has mentioned Sadavritta in Sutrasthana . •  If one does not follow Sadavritta regimen, it leads to

development of Psychosomatic disturbances.

•  Several practices have been mentioned under Sadavritta.

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Sadavritta regarding taking diet: Ø One should not take staled food. Ø One should not take curd at night. Ø One should not take roasted-grain-flour without mixing it

up with ghee and sugar or in the night or after meals or in large quantity.

Ø .

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Take Home Message

Ø Diet plays an important role in health and disease. Ø Ayurveda focuses on consumption of a diet which is wholesome

for body and mind. Ø The diet should be according to Prakriti(individual),

Kala(season), Agni(Digestive fire) and Desha(Place). Ø  There is direct relation of Diet with Mental faculties. Aahara Shuddo Satva Shuddi, Satva Shuddo Dhruva Smriti

Ø Good diet taken with dietary code and conducts, daily routine, specific procedures in seasonal regimen, dietary changes and behavioral codes may help to enhance the mental capacity.

Ø Specific Medhya Herbs are also helpful for enhancing cognitive power. 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 44

Researchpaperon

EvaluaDonofBrāhmīghṛtamin

childrensufferingfromARenDon

DeficitHyperacDvityDisorder

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THANKYOU!

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director@aiia.gov.intnesari@hotmail.com