Axial Skeleton

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Axial Skeleton

description

Axial Skeleton. Axial Components. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones forming the trunk and skull. Vertebral Column: is composed of 26 bones. From superior to inferior it consists of 7 cervical (neck), 12 thoracic 5 lumbar vertebrae 5 fused sacral bones 4 coccygeal - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Axial Skeleton

Page 1: Axial Skeleton

Axial Skeleton

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Axial Components

The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones forming the trunk and skull.

Vertebral Column: is composed of 26 bones. From superior to inferior it consists of

7 cervical (neck), 12 thoracic 5 lumbar vertebrae 5 fused sacral bones 4 coccygeal

Ribs and Sternum: The axial skeleton also contains 12 pairs Ribs

Skull: The skull consists of 22 bones fused together to form a rigid structure

Other Parts: Other bones considered part of the axial skeleton are the middle ear bones

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Appendicular Skeleton

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Appendicular Composition

The appendicular skeleton forms the major internal support-the upper and lower extremities.

Pectoral Girdle and Upper Extremities Form by the arms that are attached to and

suspended from the axial skeleton via the shoulder (pectoral) girdle.

Upper limb from distal to proximal Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremities:

The lower extremities, or legs, are attached to the axial skeleton via the pelvic or hip girdle.

Lower Limb from Distal to Proximal

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Characteristics of a Bone

Bones are form by connective tissue made by osteocytes cells

Bones are encased by a periosteum, a connective tissue sheath.

All bones have a central marrow cavity.

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Bone Cells

Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts

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Bone Type There are two types of bone

in the skeleton:Compact bone Spongy (cancellous) bone.

Bone Matrix

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Types of Bone

Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Sesamoid

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Joints

The bones of the skeleton articulate with each other to perform structure or function.

Joints are Immobile JointsMobile Joints

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Types of Joints Ball and socket Hinge Rotating or pivot Plane or gliding Condylar

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Fibrous Joints Also known as Synarthroses

Composed of bones united by fibrous tissue and are nonsynovial.

Types of FJ Suture Syndesmosis Gomphosis

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Cartilaginous Joints

Also know as Amphiarthoses Composed of 2 slightly moveable joints

connected by fibrocartilageTypes of CJ Synchondrosis Symphysis

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Synovial Joints Also known as Diarthoses

Provide free movement between joint. Characteristics of Joint Jnt cavity Articular cartilage Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Fibrous capsule

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(Cont.) Synovial Joints

Also known as DiarthosesProvide free movement between

joint. Types of SJUniaxial BiaxialMulti-axial

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Specific Joints

Shoulder: Sternoclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular Joint Glenohumeral Joint Scapulothoracic Joint

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Works Cited Morrison Media LLC.

“NPTAE Secrets.” 2008. 1-171. Print.

Miles, Scott. Scorebuilders.“PTA Exam.” 2010.