Axial Skeleton
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Transcript of Axial Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Axial Components
The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones forming the trunk and skull.
Vertebral Column: is composed of 26 bones. From superior to inferior it consists of
7 cervical (neck), 12 thoracic 5 lumbar vertebrae 5 fused sacral bones 4 coccygeal
Ribs and Sternum: The axial skeleton also contains 12 pairs Ribs
Skull: The skull consists of 22 bones fused together to form a rigid structure
Other Parts: Other bones considered part of the axial skeleton are the middle ear bones
Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Composition
The appendicular skeleton forms the major internal support-the upper and lower extremities.
Pectoral Girdle and Upper Extremities Form by the arms that are attached to and
suspended from the axial skeleton via the shoulder (pectoral) girdle.
Upper limb from distal to proximal Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremities:
The lower extremities, or legs, are attached to the axial skeleton via the pelvic or hip girdle.
Lower Limb from Distal to Proximal
Characteristics of a Bone
Bones are form by connective tissue made by osteocytes cells
Bones are encased by a periosteum, a connective tissue sheath.
All bones have a central marrow cavity.
Bone Cells
Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts
Bone Type There are two types of bone
in the skeleton:Compact bone Spongy (cancellous) bone.
Bone Matrix
Types of Bone
Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Sesamoid
Joints
The bones of the skeleton articulate with each other to perform structure or function.
Joints are Immobile JointsMobile Joints
Types of Joints Ball and socket Hinge Rotating or pivot Plane or gliding Condylar
Fibrous Joints Also known as Synarthroses
Composed of bones united by fibrous tissue and are nonsynovial.
Types of FJ Suture Syndesmosis Gomphosis
Cartilaginous Joints
Also know as Amphiarthoses Composed of 2 slightly moveable joints
connected by fibrocartilageTypes of CJ Synchondrosis Symphysis
Synovial Joints Also known as Diarthoses
Provide free movement between joint. Characteristics of Joint Jnt cavity Articular cartilage Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Fibrous capsule
(Cont.) Synovial Joints
Also known as DiarthosesProvide free movement between
joint. Types of SJUniaxial BiaxialMulti-axial
Specific Joints
Shoulder: Sternoclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular Joint Glenohumeral Joint Scapulothoracic Joint
Works Cited Morrison Media LLC.
“NPTAE Secrets.” 2008. 1-171. Print.
Miles, Scott. Scorebuilders.“PTA Exam.” 2010.