Awk Introduction Tutorial – 7 Awk Print Examples

8/3/2019 Awk Introduction Tutorial 7 Awk Print Examples

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This is the first article on the new awk tutorial

series. Well be posting several articles on awk

in the upcoming weeks that will cover all

features of awk with practical examples.

In this article, let us review the fundamental

awk working methodology along with 7

practical awk print examples.

Note: Make sure you review our earlier Sed Tutorial Series.

AwkIntr

Awk is a programming language which allows easy manipulation of structured data and the

generation of formatted reports. Awk stands for the names of its authors Aho, Weinberger, and

Kernighan

The Awk is mostly used for pattern scanning and processing. It searches one or more files to see if

they contain lines that matches with the specified patterns and then perform assoc iated actions.

Some of the key features of Awk are:

Awk views a text file as records and fields.

Like common programming language, Awk has variables, conditionals and loops

Awk has arithmetic and string operators.

Awk can generate formatted reports

Awk reads from a file or from its standard input, and outputs to its standard output. Awk does not

get along with non-text files.

Syntax:

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awk '/search pattern1/ {Actions}

/search pattern2/ {Actions}' file

In the above awk syntax:

search pattern is a regular expression.

Actions statement(s) to be performed.

several patterns and actions are possible in Awk.

file Input file.

Single quotes around program is to avoid shell not to interpret any of its special characters.

AwkWorkinge

1. Awk reads the input files one line at a time.

2. For each line, it matches with given pattern in the given order, if matches performs the

corresponding action.

3. If no pattern matches, no action will be performed.

4. In the above syntax, either search pattern or action are optional, But not both.

5. If the search pattern is not given, then Awk performs the given actions for each line of the

input.

6. If the act ion is not given, print all that lines that matches with the given patterns which is the

default action.

7. Empty braces with out any act ion does nothing. It wont perform default printing operation.

8. Each statement in Actions should be delimited by semicolon.

Let us create employee.txt file which has the following content, which will be used in the

examples mentioned below.

$cat employee.txt

100 Thomas Manager Sales $5,000

200 Jason Developer Technology $5,500

300 Sanjay Sysadmin Technology $7,000

400 Nisha Manager Marketing $9,500

500 Randy DBA Technology $6,000

Awk Example 1. Default behavior of Awk

By default Awk prints every line from the file.

$ awk '{print;}' employee.txt






In the above example pattern is not given. So the actions are applicable to all the lines.

Action print with out any argument prints the whole line by default. So it prints all the

lines of the file with out fail. Actions has to be enclosed with in the braces.

Awk Example 2. Print the lines which matches with the pattern.

$ awk '/Thomas/

> /Nisha/' employee.txt



In the above example it prints all the line which matches with the Thomas or Nisha. It has two

patterns. Awk accepts any number of patterns, but each set (patterns and its corresponding

actions) has to be separated by newline.

Awk Exam le 3. Print onl s ecific field.

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Awk has number of built in variables. For each record i.e line, it splits the record delimited by

whitespace character by default and stores it in the $n variables. If the line has 4 words, it will be

stored in $1, $2, $3 and $4. $0 represents whole line. NF is a built in variable which represents total

number of fields in a record.

$ awk '{print $2,$5;}' employee.txt

Thomas $5,000

Jason $5,500

Sanjay $7,000

Nisha $9,500

Randy $6,000

$ awk '{print $2,$NF;}' employee.txt

Thomas $5,000

Jason $5,500

Sanjay $7,000

Nisha $9,500

Randy $6,000

In the above example $2 and $5 represents Name and Salary respectively. We can get the Salary

using $NF also, where $NF represents last field. In the print statement , is a concatenator.

Awk Example 4. Initialization and Final Action

Awk has two important patterns which are specified by the keyword called BEGIN and END.

Syntax:

BEGIN { Actions}

{ACTION} # Action for everyline in a file

END { Actions }

# is for comments in Awk

Actions specified in the BEGIN section will be executed before starts reading the lines from the

input.

END actions will be performed after completing the reading and processing the lines from the

input.

$ awk 'BEGIN {print "Name\tDesignation\tDepartment\tSalary";}

> {print $2,"\t",$3,"\t",$4,"\t",$NF;}

> END{print "Report Generated\n--------------";

> }' employee.txt

Name Designation Department Salary

Thomas Manager Sales $5,000

Jason Developer Technology $5,500

Sanjay Sysadmin Technology $7,000

Nisha Manager Marketing $9,500

Randy DBA Technology $6,000

Report Generated

--------------

In the above example, it prints headline and last file for the reports.

Awk Example 5. Find the employees who has employee id greater than 200

$ awk '$1 >200' employee.txt




In the above example, first field ($1) is employee id. So if $1 is greater than 200, then just do the

default print action to print the whole line.

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Awk Example 6. Print the list of employees in Technology department

Now department name is available as a fourth field, so need to check if $4 matches with the string

Technology, if yes print the line.

$ awk '$4 ~/Technology/' employee.txt




Operator ~ is for comparing with the regular expressions. If it matches the default action i.e print

whole line will be performed.

Awk Example 7. Print number of employees in Technology department

The below example, checks if the department is Technology, if it is yes, in the Action, just

increment the count variable, which was initialized with zero in the BEGIN section.

$ awk 'BEGIN { count=0;}

$4 ~ /Technology/ { count++; }

END { print "Number of employees in Technology Dept =",count;}' employee.txt

Number of employees in Tehcnology Dept = 3

Then at the end of the process, just print the value of count which gives you the number of

employees in Technology department.

Recommended Reading

Sed and Awk 101 Hacks, by Ramesh Natarajan. I spend several

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config, and log files). I use Sed and Awk for all my my text

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Sed and Awk 101 Hacks eBook that contains 101 practical examples

on various advanced features of Sed and Awk that will enhance your

UNIX / Linux life. Even if youve been using Sed and Awk for several

years and have not read this book, please do yourself a favor and

read this book. Youll be amazed with the capabilities of Sed and Awk

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Tags:Awk AC TION Block,Awk BEGIN Block,Awk Begin End,Awk END Block,Awk Tutorial Examples, Linux Awk Examples, Linux

Awk Tutorial, Unix Awk Examples, Unix Awk Tutorial

{27 comments read them below or add one}

Steve Mills January 6, 2010 at 3:38 am

I have only just started reading these articles. So far I think they are well written and the

explanations are clearly done with an awareness as to how they might possibly be

misunderstood and hence extra layers of detail are presented where that might happen. For

example, pointing out that the tilde (~) is used to compare with regular expressions when the

reader might have otherwise expected an equals sign without the explanation the reader

might have decided that the tilde represented the same thing as an equals sign.

I shall be reading more.

Thanks for posting these articles.

Kind Regards

Steve

Daniel Reimann January 6, 2010 at 6:02 am

Thank you for the post here on awk. I use it frequently, but it is always good to have some

updates and reminders. Happy New Year.

Lawrence January 7, 2010 at 4:34 am

awk is awesome! thanks for your sharing.

Best Regards,

Lawrence

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Knusper January 9, 2010 at 5:15 pm

Hi Good article now I know what ark is, and what I could use it for well written. I follow

you now on twitter!

Harsh January 10, 2010 at 10:08 pm

Thanks for posting a tutorial on awk with illustrated examples.

I Will be expecting other articles on awk

Ramesh Natarajan January 14, 2010 at 9:23 pm

@Steve,

Yeah. ~ can be little confusing in this context, if not explained properly. Thanks for you

comment.

@Daniel,

Yeah. Most other readers of the blog are in similar position like you. So, we are here to give

constant updated and remainders of the functionality that they already know.

@Lawrence, Harsh,

Thanks for the v ery nice comment. Im glad you liked this article.

@Knusper,

Thanks for following us on twitter.

thalafan March 21, 201 0 at 10:24 am

Nandraka Ulladhu!!!

I guess the example 2 can be done without a new line like below? Pattern as regex.

~/bin$ awk /Jason|Randy/ employee



And also what does the ; stands for? End of Pattern?

Andreia AmaralApril 7, 2010 at 5:14 am

Hi,

I want to use an if else statement like this:

if $10>10 print $0 > filename1

else print $0> filename2

but its not working it is not creating filename1 or filename2, how can I do this?

thanks?

Ashu Agrawal August 6, 2010 at 10 :31 am

Grt post.Thanks for making me understand the awk working

avinash October 1, 2010 at 7:30 am

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hi, this is avinash.

suppose u have a emp table like this:

id name designation salary

1 avi manager 1000

2 ash manager 1500

3 nash manager 2000

4 varma trainee 500

5 chow trainee 600

6 hemanth trainee 800

using awk command, i hav to print manager total salary and trainee total salary.

i need a program.. can any one plz post it

vikas October 13, 2010 at 1:34 am

Hi..@Avinash..

u can try this one.

awk BEGIN {man_sal=0;trainee_sal=0;}

$3 ~/manager/ {man_sal+=$NF}

/trainee/ {trainee_sal+=$NF}

END {print Total salary of managers and trainees are=man_sal,trainee_sal} in_file.name

siva October 15, 2010 at 1:44 am

Hello forum members,

Thanks for AWK tutorials ,it was very help ful to me.

avinash October 19, 2010 at 5:12 am

@ v ikas

thanks you

wish October 21, 2010 at 3:36 am

hi all,

if i have a issue file like:

101 add open vish iuo

if exit and login again i should get the increment of the first field like

102 add open vish iuo

mounika October 27, 2010 at 10:40 pm

its simply superb to understand

its is very useful for the beginning learners and its is very help in exams time also

so guys read and enjoy wd the unix

Lynda Zhang November 17, 2010 at 12:36 pm

This is very help. How about if I want to print the salary seperated by commas, e.g. 2,000

instead of 2000

Ikem December 30, 2010 at 8:22 pm

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Youve made a little typo:

> Number of employees in _Tehcnology_ Dept = 3

sudha February 2, 2011 at 12:38 pm

vary v ary healpul to every one

eben March 27, 2011 at 11:28 pm

Its very useful for beginers like me

kalandar April 7, 2011 at 8:58 am

Hi,

I found this article to be very useful. Anybody who wants to know what an awk is , this will give

a fair idea. Looking forward to similar articles on other topics of unix.

Thanks

Bhagyaraj April 24, 2011 at 1:38 am

Hi,

Good,

Please try teach in Youtube to try differntly.

It will be more success.

Keep it up,

I need to take an exam on awk, let me see how much I can successed.

kernelkid June 10, 2011 at 6 :48 am

very simple and easy to understand, thanks a lot, it help me a lot

liju June 14, 2011 at 3:05 am

good simple article

Marija June 30, 2011 at 9 :03 am

I have read few geekstuff articles until now, explanations provided are the best I have ever seen

so far! Great job Thanks a lot

Muslim July 19, 2011 at 12:02 pm

hi,

i have the question that how to using print command awk to sort or transpose this data from

many coloums to 2 columns only

#input file

NAME JAN FEB MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY

- - - BEN 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 6,500 7,500 9,000

YONG 4,000 5,500 6,000 5,800 7,000 8,000 8,5000

# output should be as below.

BEN 5,000

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BEN 6,000

BEN 7,000

BEN 8,000

BEN 6,500

BEN 7,500

BEN 9,000

YONG 4,000

YONG 5,500

YONG 6,000

YONG 5,800YONG 7,000

YONG 8,000

YONG 8,5000

Anyone can help.thanks

@muss

nails carmody August 9, 2011 at 1:08 pm

I know its late, but

#!/bin/bash

awk {

# skip the first two lines

if (NR == 1 || NR == 2)

continue

for(i=2; i


10/10

P R E V I O U S P O S T :Can You Top This? 15 Practical Linux Top Command Examples

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Awk Introduction Tutorial – 7 Awk Print Examples

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