Awareness in Awareness in AgricultureAgriculture

Recognizing and Responding

to Infectious Diseases

The GoalThe Goal

Responding to symptoms, Responding to symptoms, notnot

memorizing diseases.memorizing diseases.

Symptoms That May SpellSymptoms That May SpellT-R-O-U-B-L-ET-R-O-U-B-L-E

Blisters Blisters

Neurological DisordersNeurological Disorders

BlistersBlisters

Blisters mean: Blisters mean: – Vesicular Vesicular

diseasedisease

Vesicle means:Vesicle means:– a small sac or a small sac or

cyst, especially cyst, especially one containing one containing fluidfluid

Vesicular diseasesVesicular diseases Foot and Mouth DiseaseFoot and Mouth Disease

Swine Vesicular DiseaseSwine Vesicular Disease

Hog Cholera Hog Cholera

African Swine FeverAfrican Swine Fever

Vesicular StomatitisVesicular Stomatitis

African Horse SicknessAfrican Horse Sickness

Alternative DiagnosisAlternative Diagnosis

Other sources of Other sources of blistersblisters– Bovine Viral Bovine Viral

Diarrhea Diarrhea – Blister BeetlesBlister Beetles

Two unruptured vesicles on a bovine tongue.

What To Do?What To Do?

Neurological DisordersNeurological Disorders

StaggeringStaggering Change in Change in

personalitypersonality DisorientationDisorientation VocalizationVocalization

Encephalitis VictimsEncephalitis Victims

Eastern EncephalitisEastern Encephalitis– Horses, birds, humansHorses, birds, humans

Western EncephalitisWestern Encephalitis– Horses, birds, humansHorses, birds, humans

Venezuelan EncephalitisVenezuelan Encephalitis– Horses, birds, humansHorses, birds, humans

West Nile VirusWest Nile Virus– Horses, birds, humansHorses, birds, humans

RabiesRabies– All mammalsAll mammals

A Really Serious A Really Serious SymptomSymptom

Sudden DeathSudden Death

AnthraxAnthrax

Sheep Sheep Cattle Cattle HorsesHorses Pigs Pigs Mink Mink Cats Cats Dogs Dogs

Anthrax Acts In Different Anthrax Acts In Different WaysWays

RuminantsRuminants– Sudden death often the only signSudden death often the only sign– If other symptoms do occur, you might see:If other symptoms do occur, you might see:

fever and excitement fever and excitement depression, stupor, disorientation, muscle depression, stupor, disorientation, muscle

tremors, dyspnea, abortion, congested mucous tremors, dyspnea, abortion, congested mucous membranesmembranes

bloody discharges from the nose, mouth and bloody discharges from the nose, mouth and anusanus

– You might also see widespread swellingsYou might also see widespread swellings– In other cases, you may see staggering, trembling In other cases, you may see staggering, trembling

and dyspnea, followed by rapid collapse, terminal and dyspnea, followed by rapid collapse, terminal convulsions and deathconvulsions and death

Anthrax in HorsesAnthrax in Horses

Live up to a weekLive up to a week Symptoms include:Symptoms include:

– FeverFever– ChillsChills– DepressionDepression– Severe colicSevere colic– Bloody diarrheaBloody diarrhea– SwellingsSwellings

Pigs with AnthraxPigs with Anthrax

Sudden death may be the only symptomSudden death may be the only symptom Many pigs have mild chronic infections Many pigs have mild chronic infections

characterized by swelling, fever and enlarged characterized by swelling, fever and enlarged lymph nodes lymph nodes – These pigs generally recover These pigs generally recover

Some pigs develop progressive swelling of the Some pigs develop progressive swelling of the throat, with dyspnea and difficulty swallowingthroat, with dyspnea and difficulty swallowing– These animals may suffocateThese animals may suffocate

Intestinal involvement, with anorexia, vomiting, Intestinal involvement, with anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, is less commondiarrhea or constipation, is less common

Anthrax Symptoms Anthrax Symptoms In Other AnimalsIn Other Animals

Show symptoms Show symptoms similar to pigssimilar to pigs– DogsDogs– Cats Cats – Wild Wild

carnivorescarnivores

Other Diagnosis Other Diagnosis In Sudden Death CasesIn Sudden Death Cases

Acute bloatAcute bloat BlacklegBlackleg Black DiseaseBlack Disease Malignant EdemaMalignant Edema ToxinToxin Lightning strikeLightning strike

Don’t Rule Out AnthraxDon’t Rule Out Anthrax

Non-historical anthrax premises should not be Non-historical anthrax premises should not be excludedexcluded

Down animals should not be slaughtered for Down animals should not be slaughtered for human consumption unless the cause of illness human consumption unless the cause of illness can be clearly identifiedcan be clearly identified

Human AnthraxHuman Anthrax

Three forms:Three forms:– CutaneousCutaneous

5 to 25 percent fatal if untreated5 to 25 percent fatal if untreated– IntestinalIntestinal

Almost always fatal if untreated, Almost always fatal if untreated, treatment may be too latetreatment may be too late

– PulmonaryPulmonary Almost always fatal if untreated, Almost always fatal if untreated,

treatment may be too latetreatment may be too late

Presentation ThemePresentation Theme

Call the State Veterinarian!Call the State Veterinarian!

Dr. Susan KellerDr. Susan Keller

701-328-2655701-328-2655

It’s Almost Over!It’s Almost Over!