avtoris stili daculia -...

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis doqtorantis

gulnazi galdavas

sadoqtoro naSromi

umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqcia da misi ganxorcielebis

sajaro-samarTlebrivi formidan (ssip) kerZo-samarTlebriv formaze gadasvlis SesaZlebloba

xelmZRvaneli: asocirebuli profesori paata turava

Tbilisi. 2010 w.

avtoris stili daculia

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Sinaarsi Sesavali gv. 22-26

1. zogadad; 2. naSromis mizani; 3. naSromSi gamoyenebuli meTodis Sesaxeb; 4. kvlevis obieqti; 5. kvlevis normatiuli baza; 6. kvlevis Sedegi.

Tavi I. ganaTlebis arsi da funqciebi gv. 26-44 §1. ganaTleba, rogorc socialuri instituti.

1.1. zogadad; 1.2. ganaTlebis institutis funqciebi; 1.3. ganaTlebis socialur-kulturuli funqciebi; 1.4. ganaTlebis socialur-ekonomikuri funqciebi; 1.5. ganaTlebis socialur-politikuri funqciebi.

$ 2. umaRlesi ganaTleba da umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba (universiteti)

2.1. zogadad; 2.2. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba; 2.3. erTiani saganmanaTleblo sivrce;

2.4. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis gardaqmnis pirobebi; 2.5. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis operireba bazrebze:

a) samomxmareblo bazari;

b) prestiJis bazari;

g) akademiuri Sromis bazari.

Tavi II. pirveli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi gv. 44-47 $1. pirveli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mravalsaukunovani gamocdileba

1.1. zogadad; 1.2. uZvelesi umaRlesi saswavleblebis organizaciuli modelebi.

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Tavi III. sazRvargareTis qveynebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebi gv. 48-72 $ 1. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis daxasiaTeba calkeuli qveynebis mixedviT

1.1.zogadad; 1.2. safrangeTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.3. didi britaneTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.4. germaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.5. aSS-s umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.6. irlandiis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.7. niderlandis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.8. CineTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.9. avstraliis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.10. ruseTis federaciuli respublikis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.11. rumineTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema; 1.12. centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebi.

§2 sxvadasxva qveynebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis SedarebiTi analizi. Tavi IV. umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosileba da misi ganxorcielebis normatiuli safuZvlebi gv. 72-83 §1. sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebis privatizacia. $ 2. umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosileba da misi ganxorcielebis samarTlebrivi formebi 2.1. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sajaro funqcia;

2.2. sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis samarTlebrivi formebi.

§3. usd-s saqmianobis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi.

Tavi V. umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebis saxelmwifo meqanizmebi. gv. 84-90 § 1. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis marTva - saxelmwifo organoebis uflebamosilebebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi; § 2. erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi;

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§ 3 umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis avtorizacia da akreditacia; Tavi VI. umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebis standartebi. gv. 90-103 § 1. akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis safexurebi;

§ 2. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis struqtura

2.1. zogadad; 2.2. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura; 2.3. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis struqtura; 2.3.1. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis fakultetebi.

Tavi VII. umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebis gzebi. gv. 103-107 § 1.umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafinanseba -

zogadad;

1.1. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis biujeti;

1.2. swavlis safasuri, saswavlo granti.

Tavi VIII. umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebis adamianuri resursebiT uzrunvelyofa. gv. 107-124 § 1. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis personali

1.1. usd-s personalis klasificireba; 1.2. reformebi usd-s personalis marTvis sferoSi; 1.3. usd-s personalis kvalifikacia da perspeqtivebi; 1.4. sajaro samarTlisa da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pir usd-ebis personali; 1.5. usd-s akademiuri personalis SromiTi urTierTobebi; 1.6. usd-s personalis SeTavsebadobis praqtika; 1.7. personalis optimizacia (Tsu-Si personalis SesarCevad Catarebuli konkursebi); 1.8. paralelebi didi britaneTisa da saqarTvelos usd-ebis personalTan dakavSirebiT; 1.9. 65 weli – usd-Si moRvaweobis zRvari?!

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Tavi IX. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi mowyobis formebi. gv. 125-157 § 1. sajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis dafuZneba usd-s statusis mopovebis mizniT

1.1. zogadad.

$2. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad gardaqmnis SesaZlebloba

2.1. qonebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, usd-s gardaqmnis procesSi; 2.1.1. zogadad; 2.1.2. Tsu-s qonebis regulirebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

§3. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Camoyalibebis formebi.

§ 4. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Tanamedrove adaptiuri struqturebi

4.1. adaptiuri struqturebis formirebis winapirobebi; 4.2. usd-s Tanamedrove adaptiuri struqturebis tipebi; 4.2.1. matriculi universiteti;

4.2.2. TQM (Total Quality Menegement) – xarisxis totaluri

menejmentis procesze orientirebuli organizaciebis

struqtura;

4.2.3. sayovelTaod miRebuli Tanamedrove universiteti;

4.2.4. universiteti - teqnopolisi (multipolaruli

universiteti);

4.2.5. sainovacio, samewarmeo universiteti;

4.2.6. individualuri universiteti.

$ 5. Tavis daskvna 5.1. zogadad; 5.2. usd-s lojistikis sqema; 5.3. usd-s funqciuri sistemebi; 5.4. usd-s Sejerebuli modelebi, sxvadasxva qveynebis gamocdilebis mixedviT.

Tavi X. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis Teoriuli safuZvlebi

gv. 157-160

§ 1. usd-s organizaciul struqturaTa Teoriebi.

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Tavi XI. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sayovelTaobis sakiTxi gv. 160-164

§ 1. ganaTlebis miReba, rogoc moqalaqeTa konstituciuri ufleba.

§2. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sayovelTaoba.

daskvna gv. 165-172

1. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis perspeqtiuli modeli;

2. kvlevis Sedegad SemoTavazebuli usd-s modeli.

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gamoyenebuli literatura:

avtorTa jgufi, zogadi, zurab adeiSvili, qeTevan vardiaSvili, levan izoria, nino kalandaZe, maia kopaleiSvili, nugzar sxirtlaZe, paata turava, dimitri qitoSvili, ,,zogadi administraciuli samarTlis saxelmZRvanelo”, gamomcemloba ,,bona kauza”, Tbilisi 2005 w.

avtorTa jgufi, procesi, maia vaCaZe, inga Todria, paata turava, naTia wkeplaZe, ,,saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari”. gamomcemloba `diogene~. Tbilisi. 2005 w.

avtorTa jgufi, 2008, maia kopaleiSvili, nugzar sxirtlaZe, ekaterine qardava, paata turava (red.) – ,,administraciuli saproceso samarTlis saxelmZRvanelo”,Ggamomcemloba `siesta~, 2008 w.

gouldi m., monika gouldi msoflio swavlebis (world learning) proeqtis farglebSi “amerikis universitetebi da kolejebi” Strategic Consulting Partners. 2007 w.

eberhardti i., 2007 w. iurgen eberhardti sazRvargareTis saxalxo ganaTlebis bonis centraluri biuros eqsperti - aleqsandre fon humboltdis fondis publikacia `postsabWouri gardatexebi da imedi evropaSi Sesvlaze~. 2007 w. izoria l., 2005

levan izoria, saqarTvelos konstituciis 35-e muxlis komentari, wignSi: ,,saqarTvelos konstituciis komentari”, gamomcemloba ,,meridiani“ Tbilisi 2005.

izoria, l., 2009 levan izoria, ,,Tanamedrove saxelmwifo Tanamedrove administracia“, gamomcemloba ,,siesta” Tbilisi 2009

kereseliZe d., daviT kereseliZe, kerZo samarTlis uzogadesi sistemuri cnebebi. evropuli da SedarebiTi samarTlis institutis gamomcemloba. Tbilisi, 2009 w. meliqiSvili d.,

damana meliqiSvili. gelaTi - `sxua aTina da meore ierusalimi~, Tbilisi, 2006.

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msoflio swavlebis (world learning) forecast-is proeqti 2008 wlis ivlis-oqtomberi. msoflio swavlebis (world learning) forecast-is proeqtis farglebSi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis organizaciuli ganviTarebis Sefaseba. turava p., wkeplaZe n., 2005

paata turava, naTia wkeplaZe, ,,administraciuli samarTlis damxmare saxelmZRvanelo”, gamomcemloba ,,forma”, Tbilisi 2005.

turava p., wkeplaZe n., 2010 paata turava, naTia wkeplaZe, administraciuli organos saxelmZRvanelo, gamomcemloba ,,sezani”, Tbilisi 2010. turava p., xarSilaZe i.,

paata turava, irma xarSilaZe, ,,administraciuli warmoeba”, gamomcemloba ,,meridiani”, Tbilisi 2006.

Sulce S., Smit-iusteni n., turava p., Sarlote Sulce, nikoline Smit-iusteni, paata turava administraciuli organos organizaciuli mowyobis formebi, ,,zogadi administraciuli samarTali – saxelmZRvanelo maswavlebelTaTvis~, 2008 w. Wanturia l.,

lado Wanturia. Sesavali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad nawilSi. gamomcemloba `samarTali~ 2000 w.

WabaSvili m., (Semdgeneli), mixeil WabaSvili ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. Semdgeneli. mesame Sesworebuli da Sevsebuli gamocema. gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~ Tb. 1989 w.

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informacia internet vebverdebidan:

bremenis saerTaSoriso universiteti

monacemebi gamoqveynebuli bremenis saerTaSoriso universitetis saitze “Greeting from the President” –

monacemebi gamoqveynebuli bremenis saerTaSoriso universitetis saitze – www.iu-bremen.de

bremenis saerTaSoriso universitetis saregistracio samsaxuri

„angariSi studentebis Caricxvis Sesaxeb“ (2004) – momzadebulia bsu-s saregistracio samsaxuris mier –

www.iu-bremen.de/about/president/print.php gamocdebis erovnuli centri

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gamocdebis erovnuli centriს vebgverdi - www.naec.ge saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros vebgverdi - www.mes.gov.ge Universitu of Oxford Universitu of Oxford - oqsfordis universitetis vebgverdi - www.ox.ac.uk Catholic Encyclopedia Catholic Encyclopedia: University of Oxford - www.newadvent.org QS TOPUNIVERSITIES QS TOPUNIVERSITIES - gazeT "The Times Higher Uducation

Supplement, THES" mier gamoqveynebuli kompaniis kvlevis Sedegebi (universitetebis reitingi). Большая Энциклопедия Большая Энциклопедия - Версия ANALOGA NET GROUP - www.analoga.net/KOND-PLAS/1824.htm Информационно-справочный портал поддержки системы управления качеством Информационно-справочный портал поддержки системы управления качеством – www/quality.edu.ru/sk/menejment/vuzstructure/663 International Education Guide International Education Guide – Дайджест № 49 (апрель 2004) Система образования США. – http://www.studybroad.ru/digest.php?Id=8556 Социология vebgverdi "Социология" - http://socio.rin.ru/cgi-

bin/article.pl?id=627&page=1

Статистическая служба Федерального министерства образования и исследований Германии Статистическая служба Федерального министерства образования и исследований Германии (2003/2004). Майский выпуск Abi Berufswahl-Magazin 2005. – http:/www.abi-magazine.de eduABROA. eduABROA.Журнал о зарубежном образовании. Школы, курсы, коледжи, университеты Система образования США. Система образования США http://eduabroad.ru/us/sys Университеты мира Университеты мира - uni-versity.info – http://uni-versity.unfo/0xford.

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Университеты мира Университеты мира - http://uni-versity.unfo/sorbonna. Университеты мира Университеты мира - http://uni-versity.info/Heilderberg. Функции образования Функции образования - The future for new generation... - http://www.nuru.ru/socio/068.htm Экономика, Социология, Менеджмент. Федеральный образовательный портал Экономика, Социология, Менеджмент. Интернет-конференция. Финансирование и доступность высшего образования. с 10.09.04 по 30.10.04. Полезные материалы – Обзоры системы высшего образования стран ОЭСР. W.W.W. ecsocman.edu.ru

radio `komersanti~ - radio `komersanti~ 6.07.2010 w. wyaro - Sourse:www.ambebi.ge.ge/sazogadoeba/16482-umaglesi- sastsavleblebi-licenzireba-gaugmdeba.html#xzz0tsoiwvvy gazeTi `versia~ gazeTi `versia~ # 82 (431) 23 ivlisi, 2010 weli. gv. 7 - Jurnalist nino xarSilaZis interviu saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministrTan dimitri SaSkinTan - `ras gulisxmobs `sazogadoebrivi instituti da vis SeeZleba iq swavlis gagrZeleba~.

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kanonmdebloba

saqarTvelos konstitucia saqarTvelos konstitucia. miRebulia 25.08.1995 w. ZalaSia 25.08.2995 w. 2010 wlis 23 Tebervlis mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, 2010 w. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi - kanoni # 786 - miRebulia 26.06.1997 w. ZalaSia - 25.11.1997 w. - 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net)

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, 2005 w. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi - kanoni # 786 - miRebulia 26.06.1997 w. ZalaSia - 25.11.1997 w. 01.10.2005 w. mdgomareobiT. gamomcemloba iuridiuli firma `bona-kauza~, Tbilisi, 2005 w.

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo-saproceso kodeqsi - kanoni # 1106 - miRebulia 14.11.1997 w. ZalaSia 01.05.1998 w. 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi - kanoni # 281-IIs - miRebulia 25.06.1999w. ZalaSia 01.01.2000 w. 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos adminitraciuli saproceso kodeqsi saqarTvelos adminitraciuli saproceso kodeqsi - kanoni # 2352-rs - saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsi miRebulia 23.07.1999 w. ZalaSia 01.01.2000 w. 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos sisxlSis samarTlis kodeqsi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi damatebis Setanis Sesaxeb. 21.07.2010 w. amoqmeddeba 2010 wlis 15 oqtombridan. www. parliament.ge

saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ - kanoni #688-rs - miRebulia 21.12.2004 w. ZalaSia 10.01.2005 w. 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net)

saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ - kanoni #688-rs - miRebulia 21.12.2004 w. 16.11.2009 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net)

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saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ - kanoni #688-rs - miRebulia 21.12.2004 w. 22.09.2008 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net)

saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ - kanoni #688-rs - miRebulia 21.12.2004 w. .2005 w. mdgomareobiT (`ganaTlebis reforma da misi

samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofa~, iuridiuli firma `bona kauza~, Tbilisi, 2005 w.)

saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ - kanoni #688-rs - miRebulia 21.12.2004 w. 09.09.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos kanoni `ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni `ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ kanoni 3531-rs ZalaSia 21.07.2010 w.

saqarTvelos kanoni `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni # 2052-IIs - `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb~ - miRebulia 28.02.2010 w. 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos kanoni `profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ (saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne, # 15, 23.04.2007 w.) saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze - 27.01.2011 mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos kanoni `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~ - # 1775-rs miRebulia 24.06.2005 w. ZalaSia 02.08.05 w. 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos kanoni `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ - miRebulia 19.02.1999 w. ZalaSia 19.02.1999 w. ZalaSia 02.08.05 w. 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net) saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelos sabiujeto sistemis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelos sabiujeto sistemis Sesaxeb - kanoni # 2116-II-s - miRebulia 24.04.2003 w. ZalaSia 01.01.2004 w. 13.02.2009 w. mdgomareobiT

saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb~

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saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb~ - kanoni # 1388 Is - 20.04.2005 w. ZalaSia 01.01. 2006 w. ZalaSia 02.08.05 w. 23.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT (GSSCode Net)

saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsi saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsi kanoni #3132-Is - miRebulia 25.05.2005 w. ZalaSia 03.07.2006 w. 24.02.2010 w. mdgomareobiT

boloniis deklaracia boloniis deklaracia. 1999 wlis 19 seqtemberi.

universitetebis didi qartia universitetebis didi qartia (MAGNA CHARTA UNIVERSITATUM) bolonia, 1988 weli saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba, 2001 saqarTvelos prezidentis 2001 wlis 13 ivlisis # 277 brZanebuleba. saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba, 1997 w. saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis 31 dekembris # 781 brZanebuleba. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZaneba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZaneba 2005 w. 18 XI # 633 `saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis bakalavriatis specialobaTa CamonaTvalis Sesaxeb~. Tsu-s wesdeba, 2001

saqarTvelos prezidentis 2001 wlis 13 ivlisis # 277 brZanebulebiT damtkicebuli Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdeba.

Tsu-s wesdeba, 2008 iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdeba. Tavi I. zogadi debulebani. damtkicebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2008 wlis 29 maisis # 490 brZanebiT. Tsu-s wesdeba, 2008 iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdeba. damtkicebulia saqarTvelos

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2008 wlis 27 noembris # 1042 brZanebiT.

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Tsu-s Sinaganwesi da disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis normebi. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sinaganawesi da disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis normebi. damtkicebulia Tsu-s warmomadgenlobiTi sabWos sxdomaze oqmi # 20. 18.06.09 Tsu-s eTikis kodeqsi

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis eTikis kodeqsi. damtkicebulia Tsu-s warmomadgenlobiTi sabWos sxdomaze oqmi # 20. 18.06.09

Tsu-s normatiuli dokumentebis krebuli Tsu-s normatiuli dokumentebis krebuli nawili I. Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba. Tbilisi 2006 w. sauniversiteto ganaTlebis reforma saqarTveloSi. sauniversiteto ganaTlebis reforma saqarTveloSi. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti – goeTes instituti TbilisSi. Tsu-s saredaqcio-sadublikacio kompiuteruli samsaxuri. Tbilisi. 1995 w. Tsu-s normatiuli dokumentebis krebuli. Tsu-s normatiuli dokumentebis krebuli. Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba. Tbilisi 2003 w. Tsu-s 2003 wlis samecniero muSaobis angariSi Tsu-s 2003 wlis samecniero muSaobis angariSi. Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba. Tbilisi 2004 w. universiteti instituciuri akreditaciis mijnaze universiteti instituciuri akreditaciis mijnaze. Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba. Tbilisi 2005 w. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegia Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegiis ganCineba # 3/2790-07, 25 seqtemberi, 2008 weli. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos administraciul da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa palata saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos administraciul da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa palatis dadgenileba #bs-1448- 1406 (ks-08) #8 k. n. q. Tbilisi, 25 marti, 2009w. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlo

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Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegiis gadawyvetileba (saqme # 3/1199-06) 30 ianvari, 2009 weli.

naSromSi gamoyenebuli Semoklebebi:

21

sk - saqarTvelos konstitucia ssk - saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi sk ugS - saqarTvelos kanoni `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ sk ssipS - saqarTvelos kanoni `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb~ sk mS – saqarTvelos kanoni `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ usd - umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba ssip - sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri Sps - SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba ss - saaqcio sazogadoeba sk gxgS - saqarTvelos kanoni `ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ sssk - saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi Tsu - ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti bsu – bremenis saerTaSoriso universiteti TQM - Total Quality Menegement smTu - sayovelTaod miRebuli Tanamedrove universiteti ut - universiteti-teqnopolisi

Sesavali

22

1. zogadad

Tanamedrove epoqaSi ,,ekonomiuri eficienturobis” principis

aqtualobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mecnieruli kvleva da swavleba izomeba imis da mixedviT, Tu ra ,,daTvlad” Sedegebs iZleva is saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebisaTvis. umaRlesi saswavleblebi ufrodaufro iReben momsaxurebis sferos dawesebulebis saxes, romlebic TavianTi nawarmiT, gamoSvebiT (`Output"), mewarme subieqtebis msgavsad, unda daeqvemdebaron kontrols. am midgomas upirispirdeba Zveli mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac, mecniereba da misi organizacia farTo avtonomias saWiroebs, raTa kreatiul da inovaciur azrovnebas mieces ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba.1

Tanamedrove sajaro menejmentis mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgens produqtze, anu administraciuli saqmianobis konkretul Sedegze, orientacia.2 moTxovnas umaRlesi saswavleblebis marTvis efeqtur struqturebze, aseve xarisxisa da Sedegianobis kontrolze aqvs konstituciur-samarTlebrivi gamarTleba, kerZod, is gamomdinareobs demokratiisa da biujetis xarjvaze saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis principebidan. saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis gaTvaliswinebiT, bunebrivia moTxovna umaRlesi dawesebulebebis mier Tanxebis yairaTian xarjvaze, miT ufro, rodesac mimdinareobs politikuri diskusia biujetSi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebisaTvis Tanxebis gazrdis Sesaxeb.

Tu direqtiuli ekonomikis pirobebSi universitetis miznobrivi funqcia iyo saxelmwifosagan centralizebul saresurso nakadSi monawileoba, sabazro pirobebSi organizacia unda Cadges konkurentuli saresurso gacvlis nakadSi.

aRniSnuli problemis gaTvaliswinebiT Cndeba SekiTxva, rogor unda ganxorcieldes umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis struqturuli reforma, romelic universitetebis avtonomiurobis SenarCunebiT xels Seuwyobs maTi efeqturobis gazrdas. amerikuli sanimuSo kerZo universitetebis praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT, aqtualuri xdeba universitetebis kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT Camoyalibebis idea.3

Cvens qveyanaSi ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba grZeldeba. saqarTvelos kanonSi - `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos SeuZlia mxolod sajaro an kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli pirebis dafuZneba da isic mxolod umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT4 da am statusis mopoveba SesaZlebelia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, avtorizaciis gavlis Semdeg.

1 Fehling, S. 399. 2 axali sajaro menejmentis cneba da ZiriTadi maxasaiaTeblebi ix. izoria l., 2009.gv. gv. 94-110. 3 sakiTxi aseve aqtualuria gfr-Si. ix. Battis/Grigoleit, gv. 65-69 . 4 sk ugS muxli 11, punqti 1

23

rac Seexeba samewarmeo iuridiul pirs, mis dafuZnebasTan saxelmwifo akrZalvis gamo ar dgas.5

amdenad, sajaro-samarTlebriv funqcias axorcieleben saxelmwifos mier dafuZnebuli sajaro samarTlisa da kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli pirebi (usd-ebis statusis mopovebis safuZvelze) da aseve, sxva subieqtebis mier dafuZnebuli kerZo samarTlis samewarmeo (komerciuli) iuridiuli pirebi (usd-ebis statusis mopovebis Sedegad)6. sayuradReboa, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, eqmneba Tu ara safrTxe sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebas da am funqciis realizaciis ufro myar garantiebs xom ar qmnis saxelmwifo damfuZneblis rolSi?!

amasTan xazgasasmelia, rom sajaro samarTlebrivi funqciis saTanadod Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad mniSvnelovania usd-s struqturuli mowyoba, romelic unda qmnides am funqciis Sesrulebis safuZvels. am TvalsazrisiT, ufro srulyofilia ssip usd-s struqturuli mowyoba, radgan is detalurad gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos kanoniT `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~7, vidre kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri usd-s, ris gamoc, erTi SexedviT, saqarTveloSi sajaro-samarTlebriv funqcias saxelmwifo usd-ebi ufro efeqturad axorcieleben, vidre kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri usd-ebi (ramdenime, reitinguli, kerZo samarTlis komerciuli iuridiuli piri usd-s gamoklebiT, arakomerciuli iuridiuli piri usd Cveni qveynis saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi jerjerobiT ar funqcionirebs).

rogorc aRvniSneT, ekonomikuri urTierTobebis cvlilebam ganaTlebis sferoSi migviyvana momTxovni garemos - bazris mdgomareobis cvlilebasTan. Zveli mesakuTris (saxelmwifos) gverdiT Cndebian axali mesakuTreebi – arasaxelmwifo umaRlesi saswavleblebis mflobelebi. mesakuTre gamodis, rogorc momTxovni subieqti, magram umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi mowyobis forma ar unda iqces sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebis Semaferxebel garemoebad.

2. naSromis mizani

sadisertacio naSromis mizania ganaTlebis mniSvnelobis, misi funqciebis, samoqalaqo brunvaSi Tanamedrove umaRlesi saswavleblebis monawileobis specifikisa da maTi samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Taviseburebebis daxasiaTeba, umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis srulfasovani analizi, usd-s organizaciul-samarTlebrivi mowyobis formebis warmoCena, aseve umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis (universitetis), rogorc sajaro samarTlis

5 sk ugS muxli 12, punqti 21 6 sk ugS muxli 12, punqti 1 7 sk ugS Tavi 4

24

iuridiuli piris, marTvis ganxorcielebis, kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad reorganizaciis SesaZleblobis gamokveTa, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mravalsaukunovan gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT.

am miznis misaRwevad aucilebelia: - ganaTlebis rolis, mniSvnelobisa da umaRlesi

saswavleblebis funqcionirebis analizi, rogorc uZvelesi, aseve Tanamedrove umaRlesi saswavleblebis gamocdilebis safuZvelze;

- umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Taviseburebebis warmoCena;

- imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTvelos kanonSi `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopoveba ukavSirdeba avtorizaciis gavlas, mkafiod gamoikveTos saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da sxva subieqtebis uflebamosileba daafuZnon ara umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba (rogorc es cvlilebebamde `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT iyo gansazRvruli), aramed sajaro an kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT.

- gavaaqtiuroT sakiTxi kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri usd-ebis, rogorc ekonomikurad aqtiuri subieqtebis, damkvidrebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb, saxelmwifos mier usd-ebis garantiebisa da maTze kontrolis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofis farglebSi (am mimarTebiT saxelmwifos moqmedebis speqtri mravalferovania: erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis organizeba, usd-ebis avtorizaciisa da akreditaciis procesebi, saswavlo programebis gansazRvra, dafinanseba da a.S.), radgan saxelmwifos mier sakuTari amocanebis axleburad gaazreba sakontrolo funqciebis ganviTarebaSi, aramarto gaaZlierebda saxelwifo usd-ebSi SemorCenili biurokratizmis gamovlinebebisadmi brZolas, aramed mizanswrafulobas SesZenda umaRlesi ganaTlebis kerZo seqtors.

3. naSromSi gamoyenebuli meTodis Sesaxeb

iuridiuli mecnierebis meTodologia moicavs saxelmwifosa da samarTlis aRqmisa da Seswavlis principebs, midgomebsa da meTodebs.

iuridiuli mecniereba Sedgeba kvlevis zogadmecnieruli (dialeqtika, analizi, induqcia, analogia, Sedareba, konkretizacia da sxva), kerZomecnieruli (formalur-iuridiuli, samarTlebriv- SedarebiTi) da specialuri (sistemuri, struqturul-funqcionaluri, SedarebiTi, sociologiuri, statistikuri, istoriuli da a.S.) meTodebisagan. 8

sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebul iqna Semecnebis zogad-mecnieruli, samarTlebriv-SedarebiTi, saganmanaTleblo ideebis, koncefciisa da midgomebis Tvisebrivi da SedarebiTi analizis,

8 Чепурных Е. М. Стр 1.

25

sistematizaciis, klasifikaciisa da istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodebi, aseve ekonomikuri, statistikuri monacemebis struqturul-funqcionaluri analizi, saeqsperto Sefasebebi da sxva.

4. kvlevis obieqti

kvlevis obieqtad ZiriTad SerCeul iqna ivane javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, romelmac erTgvari samecniero-kvleviTi laboratoriis funqcia Seasrula da sadac sadReisod studentTa raodenoba swavlis samive safexurze Seadgens sul 17763 students. maT Soris:

bakalavriati - 14. 390;

erTsafexuriani - 669;

profesiuli - 92;

magistratura - 1751;

doqtorantura - 8619 kvlevis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri safuZveli iyo aseve

adgilobrivi da ucxoeli iurist-mecnierebis naSromebi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis marTvis problemebis Taobaze.

kvleva mimdinareobda ramdenime etapad: pirveli etapi – moicavda saganmanaTleblo, iuridiul,

sociologiur, istoriul, fsiqologiur, ekonomikur kvlevasTan dakavSirebuli literaturis analizs.

meore etapi – Sedgeboda zemoaRniSnuli Seswavlili literaturis safuZvelze kvlevis koncefciis SemuSavebisa da Sesabamisad naSromis struqturis gansazRvrisagan.

mesame etapi – iyo Teoriul-meTodologiuri midgomebis konteqstSi sxvadasxva etapebis warmoCena istoriuli safexurebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevda, samecniero amocanis Sesabamisad, srulfasovnad gagveanalizebina kvlevis sagani da migveRwia naSromis miznisaTvis.

5. kvlevis normatiuli baza

kvlevis normatiul bazas Seadgens saerTaSoriso da erovnuli normatiuli aqtebi, konvenciebi, sxvadasxva qveynebis konstituciebi da kanonebi, saqarTvelos konstitucia, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo-saproceso kodeqsi, saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi, saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsi, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, saqarTvelos kanoni `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoni `ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoni `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoni

9 Tsu-s mier mowodebuli sajaro informacia 2010 w. 26 ivlisi

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`licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoni `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoni `samewarmeo saqmianobis kontrolis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoni `sabiujeto sistemebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb~ da sxva.

6. kvlevis Sedegi

mimdinare etapze umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis

marTva metad rTuli gamowvevebis winaSe dgas da umaRlesi ganaTleba saxelmwifo miznebis miRwevaSi marTlac mniSvnelovani strategiuli instrumentia. sadisertacio naSromSi ganixileba ra umaRlesi ganaTlebis sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqcia, gaanalizdeba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi mowyobisa da struqturis danergvis esa Tu is varianti, maTi susti da Zlieri mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT, umaRlesi saswavleblis specifikis, saerTo sistemasa da istoriulad Camoyalibebul specializaciaSi misi adgilisa da rolis fonze.

kvlevis SedegiT gamoikveTeba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis (universitetis) organizaciul-samarTlebrivi mowyobis is modeli, romelic Seesabameba saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobas da, Sesabamisad, ganisazRvreba arian Tu ara Tavisufali umaRlesi saswavleblebi sakuTari amocanebis ganxorcielebaSi, ramdenad arian damokidebuli saxelmwifo dafinansebaze da ra doneze SeuZliaT daeyrdnon sakuTar resursebs, aseve, warmoCindeba umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebuli problemebi da perspeqtivebi.

Tavi I ganaTlebis arsi da funqciebi

§1. ganaTleba, rogorc socialuri instituti 1.1. zogadad. ganaTleba rogorc socialuri instituti moicavs swavlebas,

Semecnebas, specialuri swavlebiT SeZenili codnis erTobliobas.10 Tanamedrove msoflioSi ganaTleba, Tavisi funqciebis wyalobiT, integraciul rols asrulebs socialuri gaerTianebebis, sazogadoebis socialuri institutebisa da pirovnebebis CamoyalibebaSi. ganaTleba sazogadoebis is erTaderTi institutia, romelzec igeba yvelaze meti urTierToba socialur gaerTianebebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs Soris. ganaTleba yvela saxis saqmianobaSi wamyvani motivia, romelic kacobriobas umzadebs qcevis mza nimuSebs da ganapirobebs maTi ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas. swored ganaTlebis meSveobiT

10 vebgverdi "Социология" gv. 1

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xorcieldeba codnis, informaciis da maSasadame, SesaZleblobebis gacvla sazogadoebis fenebs, saxelmwifoebs, jgufebsa da adamianebs Soris.

ganaTleba warmoadgens sakuTari struqturis mqone socialur qvesistemas. mis ZiriTad elementebad SegviZlia gamovyoT saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi dawesebulebebi, rogorc socialuri organizaciebi, socialuri gaerTianebebi, saswavlo procesi, rogorc sociokulturuli saqmianobis saxeoba11, agreTve, saqmianobis garkveul sferoSi adamianTa obieqturi statusis arseboba, mocemuli socialuri institutis farglebSi asocirebuli adamianebisaTvis dakisrebuli rolebis erToblioba, im zomis gamomxatveli socialuri normis arseboba, romlis meSveobiTac ganisazRvreba adamianTa qcevis standarti, fasdeba maTi saqmianoba. isini uZRvebian da aregulireben adamianTa saqmianobas da maT urTierTmoqmedebas erTiani socialuri institutis farglebSi.

ganaTleba rogorc instituti ganisazRvreba ori aspeqtiT _ socialuri da kulturuli aspeqtebiT. pirveli ganasaxierebs socialuri institutis struqturul mxares, meore ki _ funqciur mxares, misi saqmianobis garkveul saSualebas. maTi urTierTmoqmedeba ganapirobebs institutis ganviTarebas da TviTSenarCunebas. swored funqciurze SevCerdebiT ufro detalurad.12

1.2. ganaTlebis institutis funqciebi funqcia (laT._ functio Sesruleba) es aris daniSnuleba an

roli, romelsac garkveuli socialuri instituti asrulebs.13 socialuri institutis funqcia es is sargebelia, romelic mas moaqvs sazogadoebisTvis, anu es aris gadasaWreli amocanebis, misaRwevi miznebis, gasawevi momsaxurebis erToblioba.

Tanamedrove msoflioSi ganaTlebis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi tendenciebi ganisazRvreba àdamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis~ xelmomwer saxelmwifoTa koleqtiuri nebiT da saerTaSoriso paqtiT èkonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb~. deklaracia gansazRvravs adamianis ZiriTad uflebebs. ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqti miRebulia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mier (ZalaSia 1976 wlis 3 ianvridan). 2009 wlis ivlisisaTvis paqtSi monawileobda 160 saxelmwifo, mas aseve moawera xeli kidev 6 umsxvilesma saxelmwifom, maT Soris amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma. adamianis ufleba ganaTlebaze gansazRvrulia me-13 muxlSi: `ganaTleba erTdroulad aris adamianis uflebaTagan erT-erTi ufleba da aucilebeli saSualeba misi sxva uflebebis realizaciisaTvis~.14

11 vebgverdi "Социология" - gv. 1 12 Астахова Е.В. gv. 6-7 13 vebgverdi "Социология" - gv. 1 14 saerTaSoriso paqti èkonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb~ muxli 13

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sazogadoebrivi, politikuri da kulturuli cxovrebis swrafi garTulebis, globaluri xasiaTis rTuli procesebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebis Sedegad msoflioSi momxdari kardinaluri cvlilebebis pirobebSi, adamiani, adekvaturad rom moaxdinos orientireba, miTumetes, rom gacnobieros mimdinare procesebi da swori SefasebiTi daskvnebi gamoitanos, unda iyos sakmaod ganaTlebuli. sazogadoebis ganaTlebis donesa da mosaxleobis Semadgenlobis Tvisebriv maxasiaTeblebs Soris urTierTdamokidebuleba, jer kidev gasuli saukunis 20-ian wlebSi, aRwera cnobilma sociologma da kulturologma da p. sorokinma. mis cnobil naSromSi `ruseTis Tanamedrove mdgomareoba~ aRniSnulia: `nebismieri sazogadoebis bedi damokidebulia, uwinares yovlisa, mis wevrTa Tvisebebze. idiotebisgan an uniWo adamianebisgan Semdgari sazogadoeba verasodes iqneba warmatebuli sazogadoeba. mieciT eSmakTa jgufs brwyinvale konstitucia, magram amiT maTgan mSvenier sazogadoebas mainc ver SeqmniT... niWieri da Zlieri nebisyofis adamianTagan Semdgari sazogadoeba erTad cxovrebis ufro srulyofil formebs warmoqmnis~ 15.

samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisi arsebobs ganaTlebis funqciebis SinaarsTan da maT sistematizaciasTan dakavSirebiT. zogierTi mkvlevari safuZvlad iRebs pirovnebaze ganaTlebis sistemis zegavlenis Sedegs da amasTan dakavSirebiT asaxelebs mis iseT saxeobebs, rogoricaa pirovnebis socializacia, misi Sesabamisi codniT da CvevebiT uzrunvelyofa da mravali sxva. rigi mkvlevarebi TavianTi SexedulebebiT moicaven sazogadoebis struqturaSi ganaTlebis rols da amitom gamohyofen gaerTianebebisa da sazogadoebis farglebSi socialuri programebis realizaciisaTvis gamiznul funqciebs. mkvlevarTa garkveuli jgufi asaxelebs funqciebs, romlebic gavlenas axdens ekonomikaze, socialur struqturaze, sulier kulturasa da mTlianad sazogadoebaze. ZiriTadad isini gamohyofen ekonomikurs, romelsac aseve ewodeba profesiul-ekonomikuri an profesiul-saganmanaTleblo, da socialurs. mravali mkvlevari gamohyofs uamrav funqcias da rogorc wesi, ukve arsebulebs, TavianTi mosazrebisamebr, umateben axal funqciebs.

mTlianad ganaTlebis ZiriTadi funqciebi pirobiTad SegviZlia davyoT;

socialur-kulturul funqciebad, romlebic miznad isaxavs sazogadoebis sulieri cxovrebis ganviTarebas, sadac umaRles skolas gadamwyveti roli akisria, radgan igi ara marto uSualo gavlenas axdens pirovnebis Camoyalibebaze, aramed nergavs socialuri pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas, iZleva sulieri memkvidreobis SenarCunebis, ganviTarebis, translirebis SesaZleblobas.

15 Сорокин П. с. 168-169

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socialur-ekonomikur funqciebad, romlebic ukavSirdeba sazogadoebis inteleqtualuri, samecniero-teqnikuri da sakadro potencialis Camoyalibebasa da ganviTarebas, socialur stratifikacias.

socialur-politikur funqciebad, romelTa realizaciac uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis usafrTxoebas, am sityvis ufarToesi mniSvnelobiT, socialur kontrols, socialur mobilobas, sazogadoebis myar ganviTarebas, mis internacionalizacias da sakacobrio civilizaciis procesebSi CarTulobas.

amasTan unda aRiniSnos, rom zemoxsenebuli funqciebi metad aqtiurad urTierTmoqmedeben da mWidrod arian gadajaWvuli. 16

1.3. ganaTlebis socialur-kulturuli funqciebi

humanisturi (adamianad Camoyalibebis) funqcia - vlindeba sapirispiro, magram organulad dakavSirebuli procesebis: pirovnebis socializaciisa da individualizaciis procesebis erTobliobaSi. socializaciis procesSi adamiani iTvisebs sazogadoebriv urTierTobebs, aqcevs maT sakuTari pirovnebis Sinagan arsad, sakuTar socialur Tvisebebad. Tumca es yvela adamianSi individualurad xdeba. amitom ganaTleba es gansakuTrebuli socialuri institutia, romelic uzrunvelyofs pirovnebis socializacias da amavdroulad mis mier individualuri Tvisebebis SeZenas. `socializacia gansazRvravs pirovnebis ganviTarebas, TviTgamorkvevas da TviTrealizacias~.17 `Tanamedrove gansazRvriT saerTo kultura xasiaTdeba gaxsnilobiT, farTo gagebiT da axdens iseTi Semadgeneli nawilebis integrirebas, rogoricaa humanisturi, mecnieruli da teqnologiuri. igi aris baza individualuri identurobis formirebisaTvis, Tanamedrove samyaros gagebisa da masSi aqtiuri monawileobisa~.18

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferosTan ganaTlebis kavSiri xorcieldeba uSualod pirovnebis meSveobiT, pirovnebisa, romelic CarTulia ekonomikur, politikur, sulier da sxva socialur urTierTobebSi. ganaTleba sazogadoebis erTaderTi specializebuli qvesistemaa, romlis miznobrivi funqciac sazogadoebis mizans emTxveva. `ganaTleba, rogorc socialuri cneba - aris SedarebiT damoukidebeli sistema, misi funqcia aris swavleba da sazogadoebis wevrebis aRzrda, igi orientireebulia

16 Астахова Е.В. стр. 1-4 17 Сластенин В., Исаев И. и др. стр. 54-55 18 Булгакова Е.Т. стр. 181

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gansazRvruli codnis dauflebaze (pirvel yovlisa samecniero), ideur-zneobriv faseulobebze, SesaZleblobebze, unar-Cvevebze, qcevis normebze, romelTa Sinaarsi saboloo jamSi ganisazRvreba socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri wyobiT mocemuli sazogadobis da misi materialur-teqnikuri ganviTarebiT~.19

ganaTleba saboloo angariSiT gansazRvravs adamianis pozicias sazogadoebaSi, mis SesaZleblobebs, miznebs, romlebsac sazogadoebaSi aRwevs da Sromis anazRaurebis xerxebs, Tavad Sromas, msoflmxedvelobas da a.S.

sazogadoebaSi kulturis translacia da gavrceleba - kacobriobis mTeli istoriis manZilze ganaTleba iyo codnis mTavari wyaro, sazogadoebis ganaTlebis instrumenti. arc is unda daviviwyoT, rom yoveli xalxis kulturas aqvs Tavisi erovnul-eTnikuri Taviseburebani, da maSasadame, ganaTlebis sistema gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs erovnuli kulturis, im ganumeorebeli da unikaluri niSnebis SenarCunebasa da dacvaSi, romlebTan ziarebiTac individi erovnuli Segnebisa da erovnuli fsiqologiis matarebeli xdeba. `kulturis translacia da gavrceleba sazogadoebaSi aris ganaTlebis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani funqcia. igi gansazRvrulia imiT, rom ganaTlebis institutis meSveobiT xdeba gadacema Taobidan Taobaze kulturis faseulobebis, misi farTo gagebiT (samecniero codna, miRwevebi kulturis dargSi, moraluri faseulobebi da normebi, qcevis wesebi, sxvadasxva profesiebis gamocdileba da unar-Cvevebi)~.20

kulturis socialuri tipebis warmoqmna - ganaTleba codnas aniWebs teqnologiurobas, konstruqciul formebs, romelTa meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli xdeba misi sistematizacia, gamTlianeba, translireba da mzardi moculobiT dagroveba. codnisa da gamocdilebis gaziareba dinamikuri, masobrivi, gaxsnili xdeba.

inovacia ganaTlebaSi - termini inovacia, rogorc sociologiuri termini, gaCnda 1930 wels sociologiur kulturaSi da kulturul anTropologiaSi, igi uSulod iyo dakavSirebuli kulturuli fenomenebis difuziasTan. axali midgomebi inovaciis gansazRvrisadmi warmoiqmna pirvel rigSi sociologiaSi da pedagogikaSi. ganaTlebis sociologiaSi inovaciuri procesebis kvleva daiwyes meoce saukunis 60-ian wlebSi da metwilad gamoiyeneboda kulturuli anTropologiis konceptualuri da meTodologiuri saSualebebi. 80-ian wlebSi awarmoebdnen inovaciis sxvadasxva formebis

19 Сластенин В., Исаев И. и др. стр 54-55 20 vebgverdi Функции образования (The futere for new generation...) - стр. 1-2

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farTo gamokvlevebs ganaTlebis sistemaSi, xdeboda im inovaciebis gansazogadoeba, romlebic SemoTavazebuli iyo sxvadasxva qveynebis da safexurebis skolebis pedagogebis, administratorebis mier kulturis sferoSi, aseve mowesrigda am problemebis Seswavlis saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba. inovaciaSi igulisxmeba nebismieri axali idea, axali meTodi an axali proeqti, romelic specialurad inergeba tradiciuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi.21 ganaTlebis sazogadoebrivi sistema kulturaSi miRweuli inovaciebis mxolod nawilis translirebas axdens. inovaciebi miiReba dominanturi kulturis kalapotidan, da isini safrTxes ar uqmnis mocemuli socialuri organizaciis mTlianobas (misi mmarTvelobiTi struqturebis stabilurobas).

sazogadoebrivi inteleqtis (inteleqtualuri saqmianobis mentalitetis, garkveuli dargebis da socialuri teqnologiebis) Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba - Seicavs jer kidev e. diurkgeimis mier Camoyalibebul debulebebs: arsebuli codnis gavrceleba swavlebis meSveobiT da individebisaTvis SemecnebiTi Cvevebis Canergva. ganaTlebis sistema mravaldargovani kompleqsi gaxda, misi mizania ara mxolod codnis gadacema da pirovnebis ganviTareba, aramed sazogadoebis ganviTarebis inteleqtualuri Tanxleba.22 msoflio liderebi eswrafvian gaakontrolon saganmanaTleblo kompleqsebi msoflios sxvadasxva zonaSi, gadascen TavianTi saganmanaTleblo teqnologiebi an sxva modelebi, romlebic specialurad sxvadasxva qveynebisaTvis aris SemuSavebuli.

axalgazrda TaobisaTvis mocemul sazogadoebaSi gabatonebuli ganwyobebis, RirebulebiTi orientaciebis, cxovrebiseuli idealebis Camoyalibeba - msoflios bevr qveyanaSi mimdinareobs ganaTlebis miznebis orientaciis Secvla pirovnebis socializaciaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT, romelSic igulisxmeba individualuri Tavisuflebis ganviTareba, damoukideblobis da solidarobis, urTierTobis unaris, azrTa gacvlis da poziciebis Sejerebis, gansxvavebebis aRiareba da miReba. axalgazrdebis socializaciaSi garesamyaros mniSvnelobis aRniSvnisas, specialistebi miuTiTeben saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis gansakuTrebul rolze demokratiuli sazogadoebis srulyofili

21 Савченко Н.А. стр. 3 22 Дюркгейм Э. стр. 23, 26, 27

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moqalaqis momzadebisaTvis.23 enis, samSoblos istoriis, literaturis, moralisa da zneobis principebis swavleba wanamZRvars qmnis saimisod, rom axalgazrda Taobas Camouyalibdes sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli Rirebulebebis sistema, risi meSveobiTac adamianebi swavloben sxva adamianebisa da sakuTari Tavis gagebas, yalibdebian qveynis Segnebul moqalaqeebad. ganaTlebis sistemis mier bavSvTa socializaciisa da aRzrdis sistemis ganxorcielebis Sinaarsi mniSvnelovanwilad aris dakavSirebuli sazogadoebaSi gabatonebul RirebulebiT standartebze, moralze, religiasa da ideologiaze.

ganaTlebis aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia - mdgomareobs pirovnebis socializaciisa da misi moqalaqeobrivi Camoyalibebis procesebis uzrunvelyofaSi, axali TaobebisaTvis sakuTari qveynisa da msoflios kulturul-istoriuli gamocdilebis gadacemaSi.

ganaTlebis SemecnebiTi funqcia - gulisxmobs im procesis uzrunvelyofas, rom adamiani daeuflos codnas da unar-Cvevebs saswavleblebisa da sazogadoebis moqmedebis sxvadasxva sferoebis farglebSi.

pirovnebis da sazogadod axalgazrdobis socializacia da misi sazogadoebaSi integracia- ganaTlebis zemoT aRwerili funqciebi am funqciis Semadgeneli nawilebia. swored saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi amzadeben adamianSi garkveul Cvevebs, romelTa meSveobiTac mas SeuZlia garkveuli statusiT garkveuli socialuri roli Seasrulos.24

1.4. ganaTlebis socialur-ekonomikuri funqciebi.

mosaxleobis socialur-kvalifikaciuri Semadgenlobis Camoyalibeba - raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT ganaTlebis sistema pasuxs agebs mosaxleobis profesiul-saganmanaTleblo Semadgenlobis ganviTarebisaTvis. misi mwarmoebloba da inovaciuri aqtiuroba ramdenadme maRldeba zogadi ganaTlebis zrdis kvalobaze.

samuSao adgilebze moTxovnilebasTan SedarebiT saganmanaTleblo donis amaRleba pozitiur rols asrulebs warmoebaSi, qmnis pirovnebis SemoqmedebiTi potencialis, adamianis kvalifikaciuri da socialuri winsvlis rezervs.

mosaxleobis samomxmareblo standartebis Camoyalibeba - ganaTlebas SeuZlia adamianTa materialur moTxovnilebebSi danergos racionaluri standartebi,

23 Булгакова Е.Т. стр. 1-2 24 Лачугина Ю. Н. стр. 23-34

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xeli Seuwyos resursdamzogavi ekonomikis, agreTve adamianisaTvis stabiluri da sasikeTo garemos Camoyalibebas. bazris pirobebSi aseTi funqcia didwilad Seesabameba erovnul interesebs.

ekonomikuri resursebis mozidva - rogorc cnobilia, yvelaze xelsayreli kapitaldabandeba es aris dabandeba ganaTlebaSi.

ekonomikuri da sxva resursebis Sida ganawileba -resursebiT uzrunvelyofa xdeba saqmianobis iseTi mimarTulebebisa, romlebic orientirebulia ganaTlebaze da `arasaganmanaTleblo~ sivrceze (materialuri daxmareba moswavleebisadmi, komerciuli, kvleviTi, sakonstruqtoro da sxva struqturebis mxardaWera). 25

socialuri seleqcia - es formaluri ganaTlebis institutis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi funqciaa. igi uSualod gamomdinareobs humanisturi funqciidan saganmanaTleblo procesis struqtura imgvarad aris mowyobili, rom iZleva SesaZleblobas ukve dawyebiT etapebze ganxorcieldes moswavleebisadmi diferencirebuli midgoma.26 mTel rig qveynebSi, maT Soris Cvens qveyanaSic, arsebobs specialuri saganmanaTleblo programebi SemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT niWieri axalgazrdebisaTvis, romelTa sibejiTe uTuod waxalisdeba, maTi monacemebis maqsimaluri ganviTarebisaTvis ki xelsayreli pirobebi iqmneba, radgan ganaTlebis done, ZalauflebasTan, sakuTrebasTan da SemosavalTan erTad Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi adamianis socialuri statusis umniSvnelovanesi maCvenebelia.

profesiuli funqciebi - im socialuri klasebis, jgufebisa da fenebis ganviTareba, romlebTan kuTvnilebasac ganaTlebis sertifikatebi ganapirobebs. saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi individebs gansxvavebul ganaTlebas aZleven, rac Sromis ganawilebis (da socialuri sertifikaciis) sistemebSi Sesabamisi adgilebis dakavebis pirobas warmoadgens.

socialuri gadanacvlebis aqtivizacia - imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor ganapirobebs ganaTleba sazogadoebaSi sul ufro met misaRwev statuss, kidev ufro TvalsaCino xdeba ganaTlebis es funqcia.

socialuri da kulturuli cvlilebis funqcia -vlindeba Semdgomi uwyveti ganaTlebisaTvis codnis bazis SeqmnaSi. misi realizacia xdeba umaRlesi saswavleblebis kedlebSi mimdinare samecniero kvlevis, mecnieruli miRwevebis da aRmoCenebis,

25 Иванюк И.А. - стр. 1-2; Астахова Е.В. - стр. 1-6; Миндибекова Л.А. стр. 1-4 26 vebgverdi "Социология" - gv. 2

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procesSi, sxvadasxva saxeobis pedagogiuri saqmianobis specializaciiT, saswavlo procesis standartizaciiT.

axalgazrdobasTan proforientaciuli muSaobis uzrunvelyofa - saswavleblebi valdebuli arian eweodnen am muSaobas. proforientaciuli muSaobis arsi is aris, rom Camoayalibos kursdamTavrebulebis da kvalificiuri muSaxelis ufro kompetenturi Semadgenloba. 27

1.5. ganaTlebis socialur-politikuri funqciebi

pirovnebis Camoyalibeba saxelmwifosa da jgufebis erT-erT

saarsebo mniSvnelobis interess warmoadgens, amitom ganaTlebis savaldebulo komponentia samarTlebrivi normebi da im jgufebis politikuri interesebis gamomxatveli politikuri Rirebulebani, romlebic gansazRvraven mocemul sazogadoebaSi ganviTarebis mimarTulebas.

saganmanaTleblo gaerTianebebisaTvis misaRebi samarTlebrivi normebis da politikuri Rirebulebebis damkvidreba - nebismieri politikuri wyoba iwyebs imiT, rom ibrZvis Zveli skolisTvis an qmnis axals. am TvalsazrisiT formaluri ganaTleba uzrunvelyofs kanonmorCili samarTlebrivi da politikuri qcevis waxalisebas, agreTve saxelmwifo (dominanturi) ideologiis ganviTarebas.

erovnuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis funqcia - bipolaruli msoflios erTpolarulad gardaqmnam gamoiwvia am funqciis gamoyofa. namdvili usafrTxoeba msoflio civilizaciis progresis gaTvaliswinebiT ganisazRvreba adamianTa resursebis, rogorc misi mecnieruli, ekonomikuri, sociokulturuli da sulieri potencialis ZiriTadi wanamZRvris, ganviTarebis doniT.28

$ 2. umaRlesi ganaTleba da umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo

dawesebuleba (universiteti) 2.1. zogadad umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis principulad axali

midgomebi ganpirobebulia msoflio tendenciebze reagirebis aucileblobiT, romelic orientirebulia sazogadoebis moTxovnebze. umaRlesi skola gardaiqmna sabazro urTierTobebis sruluflebian subieqtad, rac xels uwyobs misi struqturis transformacias, codnisa da swavlebis axali meTodebis Ziebasa da ganviTarebas.

27 Рослякова Н.И. стр. 22-25 28 Астахова Е.В. стр. 5

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swavlebas ganaxorcieleben ara mxolod skolamdeli da saskolo, aramed umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi (usd), aseve sxvadasxva subieqtebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen pirovnebis ganviTarebisa da swavlebis procesze. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom warmodgenili naSromi umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas (universitets) eZRvneba, aucilebelia ganvsazRvroT, pirvel rigSi, umaRlesi ganaTlebis, Semdeg umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisa da konkretulad universitetis definiciebi. saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ mixedviT; umaRlesi ganaTleba aris `sruli zogadi ganaTlebis Semdgomi ganaTleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs saganmanaTleblo safexuris Sesabamisi kompetenciis gamomuSavebas da dasturdeba kvalifikaciis Sesabamisi dokumentiT~.29

amave kanonis Sesabamisad, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba aris ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programis ganmaxorcielebeli saswavlo an saswavlo samecniero-kvleviTi dawesebuleba, romlis ZiriTadi funqciaa umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobisa da samecniero kvlevebis an umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis ganxorcieleba, agreTve SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis warmarTva. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba Sedgeba ZiriTadi saganmanaTleblo da damxmare struqturuli erTeulebisagan da aniWebs Sesabamis kvalifikaciebs~.30 saqarTvelos kanoni ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, universitets gansazRvravs rogorc umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas, `romelic axorcielebs samive safexuris umaRles saganmanaTleblo programebs da samecniero kvlevebs ~31.

cnebas ùniversiteti~ safuZvlad udevs laTinuri sityva universitas (universitatis - erToblioba), rac niSnavs umaRles saswavlebels da samecniero dawesebulebas, romelsac aqvs sxvadasxva fakultetebi.32 es cneba istoriulad korporaciasTan asocirdeboda, vinaidan Tavdapirvelad Sua saukuneebSi universitetebi mxolod mecnier-maswavlebelTa gaerTianeba iyo.33 evropis qveynebis ganaTlebis sistemebis harmonizaciis procesi, romelic miznad isaxavs umaRlesi ganaTlebisaTvis erTiani evropuli sivrcis Seqmnas, daiwyo universitetebis didi qartiiT (MAGNA CHARTA UNIVERSITATUM), romelmac gansazRvra sauniversiteto fundamenturi principebi:

`1. universiteti aris avtonomiuri dawesebuleba, gansxvavebuli istoriuli memkvidreobisa da geografiuli pirobebis gamo sxvadasxvagvarad organizebul sazogadoebebSi,

29 sk ugS me-2 muxli h1-15-e punqti. 30 sk ugS - muxli2; punqti h 16. 31 sk ugS - muxli 2, punqti h18 32 ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni gv. 512

33 Суворов Н. Стр. 199—206

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romelic qmnis, amowmebs, afasebs da avrcelebs kulturas kvlevisa da swavlebis gziT.

arsebuli moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad, kvleva da swavleba zneobrivad da inteleqtualurad damoukidebeli unda iyos nebismieri politikuri da ekonomikuri Zalauflebisagan;

2. universitetSi swavleba da kvleva urTierTisagan ganuyofeli unda iyos, raTa saswavlo procesi ar CamorCes sazogadoebis cvalebad moTxovnebsa da samcniero codnis miRwevebs;

3. kvlevisa da swavlebis Tavisufleba sauniversiteto cxovrebis fundamenturi principia. amitom, mTavrobebma da universitetebma TavianTi kompetenciis farglebSi unda uzrunvelyon am fundamenturi moTxovnis pativiscema.~34

ganaTlebis sistemaSi axalgazrda aranakleb meoTxedi saukunis ganmavlobaSi pedagogebis, aRmzrdelebis kontrols eqvemdebareba saswavlo da zog SemTxvevaSi arasaswavlo drosac ki. amitomac swored ganaTlebis amocanaa adamianis fizikuri, inteleqtualuri da moraluri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, iseTi kanonmorCili moqalaqeebis Camoyalibeba, romlebic pativiscemiT moepyrobian normebs, tradiciebs, saxelisuflebo institutebs. saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Tanaxmad, `1. saqarTveloSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis ZiriTadi miznebia:

a) qarTuli da msoflio kulturis Rirebulebebis CamoyalibebisaTvis xelSewyoba, demokratiisa da humanizmis idealebze orientacia, romlebic aucilebelia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis arsebobisa da ganviTarebisaTvis;

b) pirovnebis interesebisa da SesaZleblobebis Sesatyvisi umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis, kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da gadamzadebis moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofileba.

g) pirovnuli potencialis realizeba, SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesatyvisi kompetenciis mqone pirebis momzadeba, Sida da sagareo Sromis bazarze umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirTa konkurentunarianobis uzrunvelyofa, studentTa da farTo sazogadoebis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisi maRali xarisxis umaRlesi ganaTlebis SeTavazeba dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis.

d) saxelmwifos ganviTarebisa da sakuTriv umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis sicocxlisunarianobis uzrunvelsayofad axali samecniero personalis momzadeba da gadamzadeba, samecniero kvlevis pirobebis Seqmna, uzrunvelyofa da ganviTareba;

e) umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis studentTa da akademiuri personalis mobilobis waxaliseba~. 35

34 universitetebis didi qartia (MAGNA CHARTA UNIVERSITATUM) 35 sk ugS muxli 3, punqti 1.

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2.2. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba XXI saukunis dasawyisSi Cvens qveyanaSi momxdarma

radikalurma social-ekonomikurma cvlilebebma, adrindeli ideologiis uaryofam mraval sakiTxze SexedulebaTa gadasinjva moiTxova. am process arc umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisaTvis auvlia gverdi. ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTareba urTules situaciebSi mimdinareobda. saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis saqmianobaze negatiur zemoqmedebas axdenda iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa socialuri da ekonomikuri arastabiluroba sazogadoebaSi, finansuri saxsrebis mwvave deficiti ekonomikaSi krizisul mdgomareobasTan erTad. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi cvlilebaTa umniSvnelovanes faqtorebad iqcnen globalizacia, internacionalizacia da axali teqnologiebis ganviTareba, gansakuTrebiT informaciis damuSavebisa da komunikaciebis sferoSi da, SesaZloa, cvlilebaTa yvelaze mniSvnelovani mamoZravebeli iyo sabazro Zalebis mzardi zegavlena da konkurencia umaRles ganaTlebaSi. fasian ganaTlebaze gadasvlis msoflio tendenciam, samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobisTvis damatebiTi resursebis mozidvis swrafvam da saukeTeso personalis SenarCunebisa da daqiravebis mniSvnelobam migviyvanes umaRles ganaTlebaSi konkurentuli brZolis adre gaugonar gamwvavebamde.

ar aris gasakviri, rom gaCnda am axali pirobebisadmi universitetebis organizaciuli struqturebisa da saqmianobis adaptirebis aucilebloba. universitetebma gverdi ver auares msoflioSi mimdinare cvlilebebs. axali pirobebi moiTxoven marTvis axal formebsa da universitetebis xelmZRvanelebisa da menejerebis axal Cvevebs.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis Sedegad, dRis wesrigSi dadga umaRlesi ganaTlebis erovnuli sistemis reformireba, gadasinjva da restruqturizacia. am reformebs safuZvlad edo Rrma cvlilebebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis miznebsa da amocanebSi. axla aSkara xdeba umaRlesi dawesebebulebebis adaptaciis aucilebloba ufro rTul sinamdvilesTan, radgan umaRlesi ganaTlebisadmi molodini arnaxulad Seicvala.

2.3. erTiani saganmanaTleblo sivrce

uwinares yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom boloniis procesi es

aris cneba, romelic SemoRebul iqna yvela im movlenisa da procesis Serwymis aRsaniSnavad, romelic SeiniSneba gaerTianebuli evropis qveynebis umaRles saswavleblebSi da romelmac unda migviyvanos evropaSi erTiani saganmanaTleblo sivrcis formirebasTan, romelic iwodeba swored boloniis procesad.

erovnuli ganaTlebis sistemis yvela cvlileba mimarTuli imisaken, rom Seiqmnas erTiani saganmanaTleblo sivrce.

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TviT dasaxeleba dakavSirebulia 1999 wlis 19 seqtembers, evropis qveynebis ganaTlebis ministrTa mier q.boloniaSi(italia) xelmoweril erTobliv deklaraciasTan. dokumentSi gacxadebulia miznebi da principebi moRvaweobisa,romelmac unda migviyvanos “codnis evropis “ SeqmnasTan.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi integrireba warmoadgens evropis ekonomikuri integraciis saerTo da Rrma procesebis gamoxatulebas. evropis erTiani ekonomika gulisxmobs erTiani bazris arsebobas, sadac yvelasaTvis erTnairi wesiT SeZleben Tavisi Sromis gamoyenebas evropis nebismieri umaRlesi saswavleblis kursdamTavrebulebi.amisaTvis ki saWiroa ganaTlebis Sesaxeb im dokumentis “cnobadoba” da Sejereba, romelsac gascemen am qveynebis sxvadasxva saswavlo dawesebulebebi. Tavis mxriv, ama Tu im specialistis SerCeva SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mxolod maSin, roca diplomsa da mis danarTSi iqneba Canaweri im programis Sesaxeb, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiTa da xarisxiT cnobilia samuSaos mimcemisa da umaRles saswavleblebisaTvis.

meore aucilebloba, romelic iTxovs erTian ganaTlebis sistemas,es aris evropuli(maT Soris sauniversiteto) kulturisaTvis principuli moTxovna,e.w. akademiuri mobiluroba, anu iseTi mdgomareoba,roca studenti swavlis procesSi, SeZlebs miiRos ganaTleba evropis sxvadasxva qveynis ramodenime umaRles saswavlebelSi.zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare cxadia, rom erTiani ganaTlebis sivrcis Seqmna moiTxovs boloniis procesis monawile qveynebisagan kolosaluri samuSaos Catarebas umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis erTiani sistemisa da misi xarisxis Sedegebis erTiani wesiT asaxvis sistemis danergvisaTvis. B bevri qveynisaTvis es dakavSirebulia umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis maTTvis tradiciul sqemaze uaris TqmasTan, rac moiTxovs did sifrTxiles, aseTi gadasvlis procesis vadebisa da etapebis mkafio gansazRvras – anu rTuli organizaciul-meTodur, pedagogiur da socialur-ekonomikur sakiTxTa kompleqsis gadawyvetas. 2.4. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis gardaqmnis pirobebi

saqarTvelo, bunebrivia, ar unda idges ganze saerTaSoriso, maT Soris evropuli saganmanTleblo sivrceSi mimdinare procesebisagan. es ki niSnavs, rom Cveni umaRlesi saswavleblebi aramxolod unda monawileobdnen am procesebSi, aramed gauwion Rirseuli partnioroba am procesSi CarTul umaRles skolebsa da sxva saswavleblebs. boloniis procesTan mierTebiT, qveynis umaRlesma saswavleblebma, SeZlebisdagvarad, unda miiRon garkveuli sargebloba, rasac iZleva erTian ganaTlebis sivrceSi arseboba da ar dauSvan saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanTleblo dawesebulebebis (konkretulad es SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

39

magaliTze) istoriulad tradiciuli konkurentupiratesobis dakargva. Tu Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis magaliTze vimsjelebT, misi istoriuli warsulis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTveloSi pirveli qarTuli universiteti, Tavisi arsebobis ukve 90 welze meti xnis manZilze, aramc Tu iyo saqarTvelos istoriis organuli nawili, aramed misi Semoqmedic, es gansazRvravs mis erovnulobasac. aris Tu ara istoriuli warsuli, mis bazaze XXI saukunis universitetis formirebis utyuari garantia?! Tu mxolod misi tradiciebis ganviTarebas davjerdebiT?! raRa Tqma unda ara, radgan arsebobs safrTxe konkurent upiratesobis dakargvisa da es exeba, upirvelesad, ganaTlebis xarisxsa da ukve ufro globaluri sakiTxebis realizacias, rac gansazRvrulia Tundac Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis strategiul gegmaSi da gamoxatulebas poulobs: saerTaSoriso standartebSi, boloniis procesis Sesaferisi samsafexuriani saswavlo programebiT, erovnuli, regionaluri da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis samecniero kvlevebsa da proeqtebSi, ganviTarebul saswavlo da socialur infrastruqturaSi, materialuri baziTa da safinanso sistemiT. aqve minda aRvniSno erTi garemoeba, rom 2008 wlis ivlis-oqtomberSi msoflio swavlebis (world learning) forecast-is proeqtis farglebSi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis organizaciuli ganviTarebis Sefasebis proeqtis saboloo angariSSi warmodgenilia, rom `aris azrTa sxvadasxvaoba ramdenad win wavida Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti. ZiriTadad es dinamikaa: pirveli, miRweuli progresidan damaxasiaTebeli daRmasvla, rac gaaRrmava Seferxebebma Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti konstruqciulad gadasuliyo momdevno etapebze, meore gaxlavT axal etapze detaluri da naTlad gamoxatuli Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis erTiani xedvis arqona Tu nakleboba dabolos, gareSe faqtorebi (kanonmdebloba, dafinanseba, konkurencia da sxva)~36. safrTxe arsebobs kidev im TvalsazrisiT, rom miiReben Tu ara ucxoeTis qveynebisaTvis cnobad ganaTlebis Sesaxeb dokumentebs Cveni saukeTeso kursdamTavrebulebi, gavlen ucxoeTis Sromis bazrebze da amgvarad kidev ufro gaarRmaveben `tvinebis gadinebis~ process. xazgasasmelia, rom aleqsandre fon humboltdis fondis publikaciaSi `saqarTvelo – postsabWouri gardatexebi da imedi evropaSi Sesvlaze~ aRniSnulia: germaniis statistikis departamentis monacemebiT, germaniis universitetebSi, jer kidev 2004/2005 saswavlo wels dafiqsirda 3280 amerikeli da 3269 qarTveli studenti. rac Seexeba mezobel kavkasiur qveynebs –

36 msoflio swavlebis (world learning) forecast-is proeqtis farglebSi. gv. 12

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somxeTsa da azerbaijans: 391 somexi da 357 azerbaijaneli studenti.37 gaurkvevelia agreTve zogierTi sxva aspeqtic, Tumca mTlianobaSi aSkaraa, rom perspeqtivaSia farTo urTierTmoqmedeba erovnul da transnacionaluri ganaTlebis sistemebisa, es ki niSnavs, rom rom unda aviTvisoT aseTi urTierTmoqmedebis wesebi da teqnologia, rasac Tavis mxriv arsebuli modelis gardaqmnisaken mivyavarT. Tsu-s strategiuli ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis Sesabamisad: `universiteti unda imarTebodes rogorc didi korporacia, e.w. axali menejmentis wesebis Sesabamisad~.

qarTuli universitetebis umravlesoba, romlebic aRmoCdnen sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, saxelmwifo eqskluziuri an sxva safinanso mxardaWeris gareSe, 21-e saukunis dasawyisisaTvis dadgnen arsebiTi organizaciuli transformaciis problemis winaSe. usd-ebis transformaciis gza da meTodebi biznesseqtoris transformaciis Tanmxvedria, rac usd-ebisaTvis qmnis Tanamedrove menejmentis Seswavlis aucileblobas. maT Soris umTavresia biznesis seqtoris strategiuli marTvis gamocdileba. strategiuli marTva – es aris organizaciis transformaciis marTva. Tanamedrove universitetebis strategiuli marTvis ZiriTadi arsi aris inovaciuri misia, mimarTuli im prioritetebisaken, romlebic usd-ebis ganviTarebisa da warmatebis ganmsazRvrelia.

gardamaval periodSi, Tanamedrove sauniversiteto menejmentis ganxorcielebas Seeqmna TiTqmis paradoqsaluri situacia strategiuli dagegmarebis TvalsazrisiT. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi daemxo meqanikuri biurokratiis klasikuri magaliTi – sabWouri sistema, romelic efuZneboda totaluri dagegmarebis princips.

saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSeneblobis axalma etapma sxva mimarTulebebTan erTad, gansazRvra qveynis ganaTlebis dargis institucionaluri safuZvlebi. usd-ebis marTvis axalma sistemam, gaanTavisufla isini direqtivebisa da nakarnaxevi aucileblobisagan.

me-20 saukunis miwuruls situacia mTlianad Seicvala, xolo 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi ganisazRvra msoflio ganaTlebis sistemis globaluri tendenciebi. rigi elitaruli universitetebis garda, romelTa mxardaWera saxelmwifoebriv prioritetad ganixileboda ZiriTadad usd-ebi Cabmulni aRmoCdnen bazarze orientirebul saqmianobasa da konkurenciaSi.

cvlilebebma usd-Ta funqcionirebaSi daaCqara misi organizaciuli transformaciis aucilebloba. dRevandelobis gansakuTrebuloba saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis ganaxlebisa da ganviTarebis procesis uwyvetobaSi mdgomareobs. dinamiuri garemo ar iZleva usd-s marTvisa da organizaciuli struqturis srulyofisaTvis erTjeradad ganxorcielebul cvlilebebze

37 iurgen eberhardti gv. 1

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SeCerebis saSualebas. transformaciis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba usd-s marTvis adaptiuri sitemis Seqmna.

axali pirobebi avaldebulebs usd-ebs saqmianobaSi ixelmZRvanelon TiToeuli universitetisaTvis SerCeuli im unikaluri koncefciis Sesabamisad, romelic social-ekonomikur situaciebsa da dinamiuri ganviTarebis konkretul realiebs pasuxobs. aRniSnuli maT winaSe svams strategiuli marTvis ganxorcielebis sakiTxs.

strategiuli marTva – marTvis koncefcia, romelic gamoyenebaSi 60-iani wlebis miwuruls damkvidrda. strategiuli marTvis ZiriTadi funqcia organizaciis struqturis droul cvlilebasa da mis moqnil regulirebaSia. xolo misi Seucvleli elementebi misiis formirebisa da organizaciuli ganviTarebis strategiuli gegmis SemuSavebisagan Sedgeba. Cveni qveynis usd-ebis umravlesoba Segnebulad miudga strategiuli marTvis ganxorcielebis sakiTxs axal pirobebSi, uaxloesi amocanebis sworad Camoyalibebis fonze. es upirvelesad gansazRvra socialur-ekonomikuri situaciis mimdinare analizma da aseve saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros calkeulma rekomendaciebma da miznobrivma proeqtebma. usd-ebs saSualeba miecaT monawileoba mieRoT mraval saganmanaTleblo da kvleviT programebSi, sauniversiteto marTvasTan dakavSirebiT.

evropul da amerikul universitetTa umravlesobas Camoyalibebuli aqvs Tavisi misia. rac Seexeba strategiuli gegmebis SemuSavebas, es sakiTxi kvlav rCeba ganxilvisa da eqsperimentebis sagnad, TumcaRa zemoaRniSnul universitetebs gaaCniaT Sesabamisi dokumentacia, romlebsac garkveuli etapis ganviTarebis gegmebi SeiZleba ewodos.

usd-ebis menejmentis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba maT TanamSromlobas marTvis specialistebTan, konsultantebTan. magram usd-ebSi amgvari TanamSromlobis farglebSi, SesaZlebelia dabali, saSualo da maRali xarisxis motivaciis safexurebis gamoyofa:

1. dabali motivacia – damaxasiaTebelia garkveuli saxelmwifo universitetebisaTvis, rac ganpirobebulia konkurentuli faqtorebis susti zemoqmedebiTa da umravles SemTxvevaSi, marTvis kolegialuri organoebis Zlieri zegavleniT.

2. saSualo motivacia – am farglebSi warmodgenilia is specializirebuli da mcirericxovani usd-ebi, romlebic idgnen arsebobis zRvarTan, ramac xeli Seuwyo Zlieri, unariani mmarTvis sistemis formirebas, konkurentunarinobis daZlevis mizniT.

3. maRali motivacia – am kategorias ganekuTvnebian myari saxelmwifo usd-ebi, radgan isini ukve gamowrTobili arian konkurentuli da warmatebisaTvis dinamiuri brZolis pirobebSi da aqvT am mimarTebiT mniSvnelovani gamocdilebiT.

42

dRevandeloba gansazRvravs drois gamoZaxilze orientirebuli usd-ebis formirebis aucileblobas. iurist-mecnierebi gvTavazoben usd-s Camoyalibebas sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebiTa da SinaarsiT. maT Sorisaa: saswavlo-samecniero-sawarmoo kompleqsebi, samecniero-teqnikuri holdingebi, Tanamedrove adaptiuri struqturebi - matriculi universiteti, TQM (Total Quality Menegement) – xarisxis totalur menejmentis procesze orientirebuli universiteti, Tanamedrove universiteti, universiteti - teqnopolisi, sainovacio-samewarmeo universiteti da sxva, romelTa ganxilvasac SemogTavazebT naSromis Semdeg TavebSi. kacobriobis ganviTarebis adreul etapebze ganaTleba arsebobda rogorc saqmianobis saxeoba da xorcieldeboda uSualod SromiTi da socialuri valdebulebebis Sesrulebis procesSi. miuxedavad amisa, ena xels uwyobda rogorc im codnis sul ufro metad dagrovebas, romlis odenobac geometriuli progresiiT matulobda, aseve mis gadacemas sxvadasxva socialur doneebze im warmomadgenelTa meSveobiTac ki, romlebic uSualod ar iyvnen dasaqmebuli am sferoSi. codna matulobda da saWiro iyo misi sistematizacia Taobidan TaobisaTvis da sazogadoebis erTi fenidan meorisaTvis gadasacemad. swored es iTava Sesabamisma socialurma institutma; mecniereba, swavleba da aRzrda saqmianobis kidev erT saxeobad iqca. socialuri institutebis Camoyalibebis aucileblobis ganmsazRvrelia Sromis sazogadoebrivi ganawileba, romelic warmoqmnis moTxovnilebas, ama Tu im socialur institutze da romelic xorcieldeba gaazrebuli mizanmimarTuli saqmianobis procesSi. socialuri institutebi sazogadoebaSi Cndeba rogorc socialuri cxovrebis msxvili daugegmavi produqti. socialur jgufebSi adamianebi cdiloben TavianTi moTxovnilebebis realizeba erTad moaxdinon da saamisod sxvadasxva xerxebs eZeben. sazogadoebriv praqtikaSi isini pouloben zogierT misaReb nimuSebs, qcevis Sablonebs, romlebic TandaTanobiT, gameorebisa da Sefasebis kvalobaze, standartizebul Cveulebebad da Cvevebad yalibdeba. garkveuli drois Semdeg qcevis am Sablonebsa da nimuSebs mxars uWers sazogadoebrivi azri, isini inergeba da mkvidrdeba. am safuZvelze muSavdeba sanqciebis sistema. dro da dro sazogadoebis an socialuri jgufis wevrebs SeuZliaT Seagrovon es praqtikuli Cvevebi da nimuSebi, sistemaSi moiyvanon isini da maTi legaluri dadastureba moaxdinon, ris Sedegadac institutebi icvleba da viTardeba. aqedan gamomdinare, institucionalizacia warmoadgens process, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri normebis, wesebis, statusebis da rolebis gansazRvrasa da damkvidrebas, maT sistemaSi moyvanas, romelsac SeuZlia imoqmedos zogierTi sazogadoebrivi moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis mimarTulebiT.

43

institucionalizacia es aris spontanuri da eqsperimentuli qcevis Secvla mosalodneli qceviT, romlis ganWvretadia, modelirdeba, regulirdeba.

2.5. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis operireba bazrebze

nebismieri universiteti operirebs, rogorc minimum, sam

bazarze: samomxmareblo bazarze, prestiJis bazarsa da akademiuri samuSao Zalis bazarze. es bazrebi imyofebian mWidro urTierTkavSirSi38:

a) samomxmareblo bazari - universitetis mdgomareoba samomxmareblo bazarze ganisazRvreba klientebis moTxovnilebebisadmi mis mier SemoTavazebuli programebis SesabamisobiT. universiteti warmoadgens iseT organizacias, romelic specializirebulia codnis warmoebaze (kvlevebis saSualebiT), mis xelmisawvdomobaze (swavlebisa da momzadebis saSualebiT) da mis gamoyenebaze (codnis momsaxureobad da gayidvisTvis vargis produqtad gardaqmnis xarjze). is, ris SemoTavazebac SeuZlia usd-s, ase Tu ise dakavSirebulia (universitetis mixedviT) am sam aspeqtTan : swavlebasTan, kvleveebTan da momzadebasTan. zogierTi klasikuri universiteti acxadebs, agreTve, pretenzias kulturuli memkvidreobis sacavebis rolze, romelic gansazRvravs nebismieri sazogadoebis awmyosa da momavals.

amdenad, samomxmareblo bazari Sedgeba ramdenime segmentisagan – umaRlesi ganaTlebisagan, samecniero kvlevebisa da momsaxureobebisagan, romlebic sxvadasxvagvarad arian moTxovnilni momxmareblebis mier.

b) prestiJis bazari - reputacia mniSvnelovani saqonelia; is gansazRvravs universitetis mimzidvelobas studentebisaTvis, cnobil mkvlevarebisa da kvalificirebuli pedagogebisTvis, agreTve, potenciuri investorebisTvis. mTel msoflioSi universitetebi warmoadgenen reputaciis bazris aqtiur monawileebs, miiswrafvian ra TavianTi prestiJis gazrdisken. prestiJi, pirvel rigSi, ganisazRvreba swavlebisa da kvlevebis xarisxiT.

swavlebisa da kvlevebis xarisxis garda, arsebobs universitetebis prestiJis gazrdis sxva gzebic:

- warsuli didebis aRorZineba – msoflio samecniero da kulturuli memkvidreobis ganviTarebaSi universitetis wvlilis xazgasma. prestiJi damokidebulia ara marto mimdinare miRwevebze, aramed winandeli damsaxurebis gonier gamoyenebaze. didi xnis tradiciebi bevr rames niSnavs prestiJis TvalsazrisiT.

- unikaluri Taviseburebebis xazgasma, romlebic ganasxvaveben mocemul universitets sxvebisagan.

38 Микла М. стр. 2-7

44

zogadad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom usd-s prestiJi, pirvel rigSi, damokidebulia Sida meqanizmebze da dadasturebulia momxmarebelTa SefasebebiT. kursdamTavrebulTa karieruli zrdis monacemebis baza SeiZleba iqces pretiJis gazrdis mniSvnelovan instrumentad, gansakuTrebiT kursdamTavrebulTa Sromis bazarze. winandeli damsaxurebis gonierma gamoyenebam da mocemuli universitetis unikalur TaviseburebTa taqtikurma xazgasmam SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobeson misi mdgomareoba prestiJis bazarze da aRmoCndes sasargeblo misi ganviTarebisTvis. prestiJis bazarze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis nebismieri xerxi xels Seuwyobs axali investorebis gamoCenas da mowmobs samewarmeo suliskveTebis Sesaxeb.

g) akademiuri Sromis bazari - mesame bazari, romelzec unda funqcionirebdnen usd-ebi, akademiuri Sromis bazaria. ideaSi nebismier universiteti cdilobs daiqiravos saukeTeso mecnierebi da mkvlevarebi; isini xels uwyoben TavianTi disciplinebis ganviTarebas da, saboloo jamSi, universitetis prestiJisa da saerTo donis amaRlebas. am bazarze samewarmeo moqmedeba niSnavs msoflio donis specialistebis mozidvas, sTavazoben ra maT saintereso karierul SesaZleblobebs, ufro maRal anazRaurebas, maRali klasis laboratoriebs da a.S.

Tavi II pirveli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi

$1. pirveli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mravalsaukunovani gamocdileba

1.1. zogadad pirvelive umaRles saswavleblebs maSinve universitetebi

ewoda. Tumca es sulac ar niSnavs, rom amiT isini ganisazRvrebodnen rogorc saswavlo centrebi. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, terminiT `universiteti~ Tavdapirvelad aRiniSneboda nebismieri korporaciuli warmonaqmni, romelic icavda garkveuli kategoriis pirTa interesebs.

Tavdapirvelad, adamianTa nebismieri organizebuli kavSiri SeiZleboda universitetad wodebuliyo, araferi uSlida xels imas, rom ase wodebuliyo qalaqi an nebismieri saxelosno, saamqro. universiteti statusiT uTanabrdeboda saamqros statuss, amitomac SeiniSneboda msgavseba universitetisa da saamqros marTvaSi, rac vlindeboda Tavmjdomaris meTaurobiT saerTo krebis arsebobiT, agreTve mowafeebis, bakalavrebis da magistrebis an doqtorebis gradaciiT. es Seesabameboda Segirdebis, qarglebis da ostatebis saamqro tradiciebs.

1106 wels gelaTis monasterTan daviT aRmaSeneblis xelSewyobiT daarsda qarTuli samecniero-pedagogiuri da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kera, sadac samoRvaweod Tavi moiyares qarTulma swavlulebma, maT Soris iyvnen ioane petriwi da arsen iyalToeli. gelaTis monasteri daviT mefis

45

sicocxleSive iqca `yovlisa aRmosavlisa meored ierusalimad, saswavlod yovlisa keTilisad, moZRvrad swavlulebisad, sxuad aTinad~. daviTis istorikosis mier am ori qalaqis - aTenisa da ierusalimis, antikuri filosofiisa da qristianuli rwmenis am ori simbolos, dakavSirebas safuZvlad udevs Sua saukuneebis qristianuli samyarosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli principi rwmenisa da codnis erTianobisa~39.

gelaTis akademiidan wamosuli arsen iyalToeli iyo pirveli reqtori XI-XII saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi daarsebuli umaRlesi saswavleblis, romelic iyalTos akademiad iwodeboda. qarTul akademiebSi, kerZod, iyalTos akademiaSic swavleba ZiriTadad `trivium-kvadriviumis~40 ciklis sagnebs iTvaliswinebda. iswavleboda agreTve mWedloba, keramika (`mekeceoba~) da mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba.

Suasaukunis sulieri kulturis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi: religiuroba, tradicionalizmi, kanonikuroba, simbolizmi, warmoadgendnen qristianuli ganaTlebis safuZvlebs. eklesia, rogorc ganaTlebis umniSvnelovanesi organizatori xsnida saeklesio da samonastro skolebs. amasTan, funqcionirebda saxalxo skolebi. samecniero literaturaSi gvxvdeba informaciebi imis Taobaze, rom jer kidev 534 wels, romSi arsebobda iuridiuli skola, romelic Semdgom gadatanili iqn` boloniaSi. mogonebebi romis samarTlis pedagogis – pepos (pepino) Sesaxeb gvxvdeba 1050 wlidan, romelic iyo samarTlis profesori boloniaSi.41 evropuli ganaTleba da misi moRvaweobis principebi gamoixateboda mecnierebis yvela dargis Tavisufal ganviTarebaSi. fanaTlebis istoriuli aspeqtebi evropis modernizaciis konteqstSi qmnida kulturis aRorZinebisa da transformaciis, xelovnebisa da mecnierebis ganviTarebis epoqas. ganaTlebis ganviTarebis adreulma epoqam sazogadoebaSi politikur-kulturuli cvlilebebi gamoiwvia, ramac Tavis mxriv gansazRvra sxvadasxva tipis saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis formireba.

Suasaukuneebis universitetebs Soris gamokveTilia `deda-universitetebi~ - parizis, boloniis, oqsfordisa da salamankis universitetebi (me-14 saukunidan mkvidrdeba epiTeti `lma mater). zogierTi mecnieris mosazrebiT, isini iyvnen umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo sivrcis liderebi da sxva universitetebi agrZelebdnen maT tradiciebs. xazgasmiT es exeba Sua saukuneebis erT-erT yvelaze aRiarebul parizis universitets.42

39 meliqiSvili d., gv. 12 40 trivium-i (laT. trivium `sami gzis gasayari~) – Sua saukuneebSi dasavleT evropaSi: saswavlo sagnebis erT-erTi cikli, romelSic Sedioda gramatika, ritorika da dialeqtika. kvadrivium-i (laT. quadrium`oTxi gzis gasayari) – Sua saukuneebSi dasavleT evropaSi saero ganaTlebis maRali kursi, romelSic Sedioda oTxi sagani: musika, ariTmetika, geometria da astronomia. – ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. Semdgeneli WabaSvili m., gv 506, gv. 227gv. 41 Покровский И.А. стр.1 42 Ястребицкая А.Л. 1978. с.76

46

germaniaSi universitetebi mxolod XIV saukunis Sua wlebidan Cndeba, roca italiaSi, safrangeTsa da inglisSi ukve damTavrebulia universitetebis Sida struqturebis Camoyalibeba. oqsfordisa da kembrijis universitetebi XII saukuneSi Seiqmna. 1348 wels karlos IV praRaSi aarsebs universitets, parizis universitetis msgavss, sadac Tavad swavlobda. Semdeg Cndeba universitetebi venaSi (1365 w.), kelnSi, erfrutSi, laifcigSi, roStokSi (1506 w.) da sxvagan, ase rom germanias XVI saukunis damdegisaTvis ukve Teqvsleti saswavlebeli hqonda43.

1.2. uZvelesi umaRlesi saswavleblebis organizaciuli

modelebi. universitetis modeli ufro konkretulad ganvixiloT

parizis universitetis – evropis uZvelesi universitetis magaliTze, romelic daarsda 1215.

pirvel umaRles saswavleblebs Tavidan im drois moTxovnaTa Sesabamisi martivi organizaciuli struqtura hqondaT. magaliTad, parizis universiteti Sedgeboda ramdenime didi saTvistomosgan (`naciisgan~), romlebic erovnuli niSniT aerTianebda pedagogebs. sul oTxi saTvistomo iyo: franguli (parizi, reimsi, turi, burJi, samxreT safrangeTi, espaneTi, italia, saberZneTi), normandiuli (CrdiloeT safrangeTi, normandia, samxreT niderlandis nawili), pikardiuli (pikardia da mezobeli olqebi, niderlandis nawili), inglisuri (inglisi, germania, holandia, SvedeTi, dania, norvegia, ungreTi, slavuri qveynebi). studentebi am saTvistomoebSi ar Sediodnen. mogvianebiT am saTvistomoebis magistrebma Seqmnes erTiani fakulteti, romelsac ewoda `Tavisufal xelovnebaTa~ fakulteti, anu `artistT`~ fakulteti. mas ganaTlebis yvelaze dabal safexurad miiCnevdnen. am fakultetze swavleba eqvsi wdli mimdinareobda.

parizis universitetis Sesaxeb im mcirericxovani cnobebidan, romlebmac Cvenamde moaRwia, SegviZlia warmodgena SeviqmnaT im periodis universitetis marTvis organoebze. yovel nacias saTaveSi edga prokuratori, maTi ufrosi iyo _ artistTa fakultetis meTauri _ reqtori. sam fakultets ki saTaveSi edgnen dekanebi. maT erTi wliT irCevdnen. mxolod Teologiuri fakultetis dekans irCevdnen ori wliT. prokurators irCevdnen erTi TviT, reqtors Tavdapirvelad aseve erTi TviT, mere ukve eqvsi kviriT44.

sainteresoa, rom Tavdapirvel termins `fakulteti~ sul sxva mniSvneloba hqonda, vidre axla aqvs. is aRniSnavda, jer erTi, Tavad saswavlo dargs, meore, es cneba mianiSnebda samecniero dargis swavlebis unars.

Camoyalibebuli wesi, romlis drosac yvela donis xelmZRvanelebs irCevdnen maswavleblebi, bunebrivi iyo da

43 Реали Д. и Антисери Д. с. 87 44 Дювернуа Н.Л. с.117.

47

Seesabameboda drois suliskveTebas. universitetis marTvis organoebis Camoyalibebis sxva wesi im periodSi sruliad SeuZlebeli iyo. maswavleblis Tanamdeboba universitetebis Camoyalibebis periodSi Tavisufali da raime Zalauflebisgan damoukidebeli iyo. universitetis maswavleblebi ki, Tavad universitetis bunebrivi warmoSobis gamo, damsaxurebuli avtoritetiT da pativiscemiT sargeblobdnen sazogadoebaSi, romelic codnas eswrafvoda.

Taviseburi iyo parizis universitetis reqtoris mdgomareoba. fakultetis dekans reqtorze maRali statusi hqonda, amitom Tu reqtors erT-erT fakultetze doqtoris xarisxis miReba surda, reqtoris uflebamosileba unda moexsna. Cvenamde moRweul cnobebze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom parizis universiteti erTian organizacias ar warmoadgenda. igi Sedgeboda damoukidebeli fakultetebisgan, romlebic universitetSi korporaciebis uflebiT Sedioda. universitetSi realuri Zalaufleba fakultetebis dekanebs hqondaT. fakultetebs hqondaT TavianTi qoneba, romlis meSveobiTac ifareboda qira, saskolo nagebobebis mowyobis da SekeTebis, agreTve RvTismsaxurebis xarjebi, danarCeni Semosavali fakultetis magistrebs Soris nawildeboda. Tavad universitets araviTari saxsrebi ar gaaCnda, amitom Tu saWiro iyo procesis warmarTva, am saWiroebebisaTvis fuls universitetis yvela wevri gaiRebda. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom fakultetis Semosavals, umTavresad, samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad disertaciebis dacvisaTvis safasuridan mosakreblebi Seadgenda. Semosavlis danarCen nawili grovdeboda leqciebis wakiTxvisaTvis miRebuli saxsrebis xarjze. xazgasasmelia is mflangveloba, romelic fakultetebs axasiaTebda. maT mier miRebuli mTeli saxsrebi unda daxarjuliyo, darCenili saxsrebi universitets ar gadaecemoda. amitomac sxva universitetebs Soris parizis universiteti siRaribiT gamoirCeoda. vfiqrobT, swored es garemoeba gaxda sabolod parizis universitetis dasustebis mizezi. aseTi daskvnis safuZvels iZleva is, rom parizis universiteti Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi araerTgzis gardaqmnila, Tumca es gardaqmnebi ar Sexebia mis struqturebs. 1873 wels wardgenili iqna parizis universitetis reorganizaciis bolo proeqti, romlis Tanaxmadac moxda yvela fakultetis gaerTianeba da damkvidrda reqtorisa da sabWos saerTo mmarTveloba. amasTan, centraluri adgili daeTmo sabWos, romelsac daekisra qonebis marTvis yvela ZiriTadi sakiTxis gadawyveta.45

sxva sruqtura aqvs Sua saukuneebis boloniis universitets. boloniis universiteti msoflioSi siZveliT cnobili universitetia. 2000 wlidan saxeli gadaerqva da ewodeba ALMA MATER STUDIORUM (laT. swavlis dedaboZi) msoflioSi erT-erTi uZvelesi universitetis titulis pativsacemad. universitetma qartia miiRo fridrix barbarosasgan 1158 wels, Tumca me-19

45 Суворов Н. стр 197-211

48

saukuneSi istorikosTa komitetma josue karduCis meTaurobiT miakvlia universitetis dabadebis namdvil TariRs – 1088 wels. dasavleTis samyaroSi yvelaze mxcovanma universitetma 900 wlisTavi 1988 wels aRniSna. boloniis universiteti istoriulad cnobilia kanonikuri da sazogadoebrivi samarTlis swavlebiT.46

Tavi III. sazRvargareTis qveynebis umaRlesi

ganaTlebis sistemebi

$ 1. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis daxasiaTeba calkeuli qveynebis mixedviT

1.1.zogadad sxvadasxva qveynebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebi

mravalferovania da maTi ganviTarebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadad qveynis ganviTarebis donea. dasavleTSi umaRles ganaTlebas ganixilaven ara rogorc nacionaluri prioritetebis uzrunvelyofis sferos, aramed rogorc pirovnebisTvis SesaZleblobis micemas daikavos ufro maRali mdgomareoba cxovrebaSi. dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris zogad tendencias warmoadgens e.w. umaRlesi ganaTlebis regionalizacia. zogierT ganviTarebul qveyanaSi, saerTod ar arseboben erovnuli universitetebi, rig qveynebSi saxelmwifo umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebma warmoqmna kerZoebze mniSnelovnad ufro gvian daiwyes an piriqiT.

aRniSnuli Tavis mizania sxvadasxva qveynebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis SemoTavazebuli formebis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrcis daxasiaTeba.

1.2. safrangeTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema safrangeTis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo sistema 87

universitetisagan Sedgeba, maT Sorisaa – arasaxelmwifo kaTolikuri instituti da sami nacionaluri politeqnikuri (universitetis tipis) instituti. universitetebTan funqcionirebs specializirebuli institutebi. maT Soris 113 teqnologiuri, 66 profesiuli da 30 pedagogiuri profilis. saxelmwifo, erovnuli swavlebis marTvis ZiriTadi funqciebi xorcieldeba umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier. specializirebuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis didi nawili profiluri saministroebisa da uwyebebis daqvemdebarebaSia. saxelmwifo aseve rCeba umaRlesi ganaTlebis finansirebis wyarod.

sorbona – safrangeTis yvelaze Zveli da cnobili universitetia. misi istoria, rogorc saeklesio kolejis, iwyeba 1215 wels. 1968 wlis `maisis revoluciis~ Semdeg, safrangeTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemaSi ganxorcielebuli reformis Sedegad, sorbonis giganturi universiteti dayofil iqna nawilebad, romelTagan TiToeulma miiRo avtonomiuri universitetis statusi. sorbonis pirdapiri memkvidreebi arian: parizi I – panteon sorbona, sadac

46 Покровский И.А. стр. 1-3

49

swavlobs 40 aTasze meti studenti; parizi III – axali sorbona, sadac dReisaTvis 20 aTas studentze meti swavlobs, parizi IV – parizi-sorbonis universiteti, sadac 25 aTasze meti studentia; parizi V – rene-dekartis saxelobis universiteti, sadac 30 aTasze meti studenti swavlobs. sorbonis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi arian parizis universitetis specialobebis memkvidreebi.47

safrangeTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema xasiaTdeba, erTi mxriv, umaRlesi saswavleblebis didi mravalferovnebiT, meore mxriv, marTvis sakmaod unificirebuli da centralizebuli sistemiT. miuxedavad bolo or aTwleulSi dawyebuli decentralizaciis procesebisa, romelTa drosac avtonomia mieca saxelmwifo departamentebs, teritoriul da regionalur xelisuflebas, saxelmwifo inarCunebs ZiriTad rols ganaTlebis marTvaSi (maT Soris finansuri da sakadro sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi).

safrangeTSi umaRlesi saswavleblebis mravalferovneba did SesaZleblobebs iZleva studentTa SerCevisaTvis, Tumca amavdroulad problemebs uqmnis umaRlesi ganaTlebis mTel sistemas da amgvarad, reformebis ZiriTadi veqtori mimarTulia umTavresad umaRlesi saswavleblebis marTvis decentralizaciisken, ganaTlebis xarisxis kontrolis axali meqanizmebis Seqmnisken, umaRlesi saswavleblebis Sida struqturis Secvlisa da unifikaciisken, umaRlesi saswavleblebis erTiani saswavlo ciklebis SemuSavebisa da miRebisaken, imasTan erTad, rom iqmneba studentTa swavlebis individualuri gegmebi da xorcieldeba akademiuri mobilurobis xelSemwyobi RonisZiebani.

safrangeTis saintereso Tavisebureba mdgomareobs agreTve imaSi, rom am qveyanaSi `gamoyenebiT~ umaRles saswavleblebs uZvelesi istoriuli fesvebi aqvs da amJamad reitingebis umravlesobiT Sors uswrebs `klasikur~ universitetebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom safrangeTis ganaTlebis sistema moicavs ara mxolod Tavad kontinentur safrangeTs, aramed mis daSorebul teritoriebsa da departamentebs _ kunZulebs indoeTis, atlantikis da wynar okeaneebSi (DOM).48

1.3. didi britaneTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema istoriulad didi britaneTis universitetebSi Camoyalibda

mmarTvelobis Zalze gansxvavebuli tradiciebi. 1992 wlamde dedoflis brZanebiT dafuZnebuli `Zveli~ universitetebi sargeblobdnen mniSvnelovani avtonomiiT da maT tradiciulad marTavda akademiuri sazogadoeba kolegiuri meTodiT, romelic moicavda komitetebis rTul struqturas. gadawyvetilebebis miReba xdeboda auCqareblad da dakvirvebiT; akademiuri personali

47vebgverdi "Университеты мира" - Сорбона стр.1 48 vebgverdi `Экономика, Социология, Менеджмент" стр. 5

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aqtiurad monawileobda institucionalur menejmentSi. reqtors ekava primu inter peres (laT. pirveli TanasworTa Soris) mdgomareoba; ufrosi TanamSromlebi erTmaneTs cvlidnen dekanebisa da kaTedraTa xelmZRvanelebis postebze, xolo administratorebi axorcielebdnen samuSao procedurebs, magram praqtikulad monawileobas ar Rebulodnen gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi. Zalze rTulia adrindeli mdgomareobiT SevafasoT profesuris `baronTa~ avtokratia da calkeuli muSakebis dominireba menejmentis sistemaSi, romelsac ar hyofnida gamWvirvaloba.

am universitetebisaTvis msofliom Secvla daiwyo XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, rodesac samTavrobo dafinansebis Semcirebas Tan axlda universitetebisadmi axali moTxovnebis warmoqmna. umaRles ganaTlebaSi SeaRwies axali sazogadoebrivi mmarTvelobis ideebma. daiwyo gadasvla menejmentisa da finansebis ufro rTul struqturebze. aRiarebul iqna ufro efeqturi menejmentis aucilebloba rogorc akademiur qvedanayofebSi, ise profesiul samsaxurebSic. universitetTa umravlesobaSi am siaxleebma warmatebiT hpoves asaxva Zvel organizaciul struqturebze (kaTedrebsa da fakultetebze), marTvis tradiciul formebsa (sabWosa da senatze) da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi akademikosebis uzenaesobasa da monawileobaze, sayovelTaod aRiarebul Sexedulebebze. 1990-iani wlebis bolosTvis momwifda organizaciis marTvaSi ufro fundamenturi cvlilebebis aucilebloba, rasac ar SeiZleboda zegavlena ar moexdina akademiuri personalis rolze instituciebis funqcionirebasa da akademiuri profesiisTvis mTlianobaSi.49

oqsfordis universiteti didi britaneTis pirveli da inglisurenovani samyaros uZvelesi universitetia, romelic daarsebul iqna 1117 wels. universiteti Sedgeba 39 kolejisagan. dReisaTvis oqsfordSi 18 aTasze meti studenti swavlobs. maT Soris 1/4¼ ucxoelia. maTi raodenoba mkveTrad izrdeba zafxulSi, rodesac funqcionirebas iwyeben sazafxulo enis Semswavleli skolebi. oqsfordSi moRvaweobs 4000-ze meti profesor-maswavlebeli, romelTagan 70 samefo sazogadoebis, xolo 100 britaneTis akademiis wevria. oqsfordi ara mxolod umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaa, aramed igi umsxvilesi samecniero-kvleviTi centria, romelsac 100-ze meti biblioTeka aqvs. studentebis samsaxurSia 300-ze meti wre interesebis mixedviT.50

arsebobs didi britaneTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis ori urTierTsapirispiro Sefaseba. erT-erTi maTganis Tanaxmad, britaneTis modeli warmoadgens boloniis saganmanaTleblo sistemis tipur magaliTs da amitom integraciis avangardSi 49 Taylor J, p. 251-274 50 vebgverdi "Университеты мира" - Оксфорд. стр. 1

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imyofeba. misi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia: umaRlesi saswavleblebis orientacia bazris moTxovnilebebze, maTi mWidro kavSiri biznes-sazogadoebasTan, aqtiuri kvleviTi saqmianoba, specialuri saagentoebis meSveobiT saxelmwifo kontroli.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis britanul modelze principulad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi mocemulia didi britaneTis ministrTa kabinetisaTvis wardgenil kvleviTi komisiebis moxsenebebSi (magaliTad, `diringis moxsenebaSi~, 1997 w. da `robinsis moxsenebaSi~, 1963 w.). am moxsenebebSi britaneTis saganmanaTleblo sistema aRwerilia, rogorc uaRresad rTuli, araerTgvarovani, diversificirebuli, uamravi specifikuri Tvisebebis mqone.

or Sefasebas Soris aSkara winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, isini asaxavs umaRlesi ganaTlebis britanuli sistemis mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs. CvenTvis britanuli modeli sainteresoa ramdenime mizezis gamo:

· umaRlesi ganaTlebis britanuli sistema es erT-erTi yvelaze myari evropuli modelia, romelic xangrZliv sauniversiteto tradicias emyareba;

· didma britaneTma sxva evropul qveynebze adre gaacnobiera ganaTlebis modernizaciis aucilebloba da misi strategiis SemuSavebas Seudga;

· did britaneTSi aqtiurad inergeba universitetebis marTvis axali praqtika, romelic iwvevs seriozul cvlilebebs ganaTlebis sistemaSi;

· gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs britaneTis universitetebSi danergili kvleviTi saqmianobis efeqtiani stimulirebis praqtika;

· yuradRebas ipyrobs britaneTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis internacionalizaciis strategia;

dasasrul, sayuradReboa modernizaciis negatiuri Sedegebi da maTi daZlevis gzebi.

gasuli saukunis bolo ori aTwleuli aRiniSna didi britaneTis universitetebSi studentTa raodenobis mkveTri zrdiT. mravali instituti gaizarda moculobebSi orjer metad, rogorc institucionaluri Serwymebis, ise CaricxvaTa gafarToebis xarjze. agreTve, gaaqtiurda kvleviTi saqmianoba. universitetis menejerTa umravlesobisTvis savsebiT axali iyo, rom es Tvisobrivi da raodenobrivi gafarToeba moiTxovs reaqcias organizaciisa da marTvis kuTxiT. garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi arsebuli struqturebi agrZelebdnen gamkvlavebas, magram saukunis bolosTvis gardamtexi momenti miRweul iqna.

amave dros teqnologiurma ganviTarebam saSualeba misca SeemuSavebinaT axali midgomebi menejmentisadmi.

aucilebelia xazi gavusvaT, rom britanuli universitetebi erToblivad aRiarebulia warmatebulad iseTi niSnebis mixedviT, rogorebicaa abiturientTa raodenoba, kursdamTavrebulTa moTxovnileba Sromis bazarze, swavlebisa da samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobis xarisxis Sefasebis Sedegebi, finansuri maCveneblebi da a.S. TanamSromelTa nawils eWvi epareboda cvlilebaTa aucileblobaSi: `ratom SevakeToT is, rac muSaobs?~ ufro metic,

52

mniSvnelovan SeSfoTebas, gansakuTrebiT ufrosi Taobis pedagogebSi, iwvevda uSualo valdebulebebisagan Tavis aridebis aucilebloba. Tumca universitetebma CaTvales saWirod TavianTi Sida organizaciis Secvla.

britanuli universitetis dawvrilebiTi analizi mowmobs imis Sesaxeb, rom motivacia asaxavs organizaciuli cvlilebebis oTx umniSvnelovanes faqtors:

• administraciis srulyofas; • disciplinur transformaciebs; • garedan zewolas; • konkurencias. 51 1.4. germaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema miuxedavad erTeuli sawavlo dawesebulebis funqciis

ganmaxorcielebeli kerZo dawesebulebebisa, gabatonebuli iyo midgoma, romelic Seesabameboda tradiciul mosazrebas, rom mxolod saxelmwifo SeiZleba iyos umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebis funqciebis ganmaxorcielebeli.52 me-20 saukunis 60-ani wlebis dasasrulsa da 70-ani wlebis dasawyisSi imata kritikam am mosazrebis winaaRmdeg53. mecnieruli analizis ZiriTadi kvlevis sagani gaxda ,,kerZo fondis universiteti”. aRniSnuli diskusiis Sedegad 1976 wels miRebulma ,,umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebis CarCo kanonis54” 70-e paragrafma dauSva kerZo universitetebis Camoyalibebis SesaZlebloba. 1898 wlidan arsebuli da 1992 wels xelaxla Camoyalibebuli laipcigis miwis umaRlesi skolis gverdiT Seiqmna axali kerZo universitetebi oestrix-vinkelSi (1971 w.), berlinSi (1973 w.), vitenSi (1980 w.), valendarSi (1984 w.) da vailhaim-birbronerSi (1989 w.). procesi ufro intensiuri gaxda 90-ani wlebis bolos, am periodSi Camoyalibda damatebiT eqvsi axali kerZo universiteti55.

germaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema 383 umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas aerTianebs, maT Soris 103 udidesi nawili saxelmwifoa da finansdeba mTavrobis mier. kerZo usd-ebis raodenoba SedarebiT mcirea. dReisaTvis funqcionirebs 69 kerZo usd. kerZo umaRles dawesebulebas aucileblad unda hqondes saxelmwifo licenzia.

humboldtis universiteti - germanuli „klasikuri“ universitetis idea udidess filosofosisa da reformatoris vilhelm fon humboldtis saxels ukavSirdeba, romelic daarsda 1809 wels. swavleba

51 Taylor J. - p. 251-274 52 Kimminich, S. 596; Thieme, 53 Becker, DVBl, 2002 54 Lorenz, in: Hochschulrahmengesetz, Kommentar 55 es universitetebia, ekonomikisa da socialur mecnierebaTa umaRlesi skola larSi (1997), germaniis internacionaluri universiteti bruxsalSi (1998), menejmentisa da teqnologiebis Studgardis instituti (19998), menejmentisa da administrirebis internacionaluri skola hanoveri (1999), bremenis internacionaluri universiteti (1999), buceriusis samarTlis skola hamburgSi (2000), wyaro: Becker, gv. 1-2.

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universitetSi 1810 wels daiwyo da Tavdapirvelad sul 256 studenti iricxeboda. 1949 wlidan universitets humboldtis saxeli ewoda. me-19 saukuneSi universiteti erT-erTi umsxvilesi evropuli kvleviTi centri gaxda. humboldtis mier Seqmnili universitetis Teoriuli da struqturuli safuZvlebi siRrmiseulad eyrdnoboda neohumanistur filosofias.56

heidelbergis universiteti - germaniis erT-erT prestiJul universitetad miCneulia heidelbergis universiteti, romelic dafuZnebulia 1386 wels, romis papis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT. sadReisod heidelbergis universitetSi 25000-ze meti studentia, maT Soris 15% ucxoeli. am universitetis kursdamTavrebulebi arian msoflios 128 sxvadasxva qveynis moqalaqeebi. heidelbergis pirvel studentTa mier Seiqmna cnobili studenturi himni GGaudeamus.57

bremenis saerTaSoriso universiteti (bsu) aris imis TvalsaCino magaliTi, Tu rogor moqmedebs legitimurobis kontiniumi Sedegebis Semowmebadobisa da gamWvirvalobis pirobebSi. xuTze naklebi wlis ganmavlobaSi bsu dokumentebisa da gegmebis paketidan gadaiqca srulmasStabian funqcionirebad universitetad.

imis wyalobiT, rom bsu-m win waiwia legitimurobis kontiniumamde ase swrafad, SeiZleba gamovyoT misi moZraobis sakvanZo etapebi. am axali germanuli kerZo universitetis gamocdileba, agreTve, mogvcems saSualebas gavacnobieroT, Tu ra nabijebi unda gadadgan kerZo usd-bma imisaTvis, rom miaRwion aRiarebas sakuTar samSobloSi.

bsu dafuZnebul iqna bremenis miwisa da qalaqis parlamentis gadawyvetilebiT, rogorc kerZo universiteti, 1999 w. TebervalSi. is unda gamxdariyo germaniis am regionis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli, sadac umuSevrobis done iyo yvelaze maRali qveyanaSi. amJamad germaniaSi funqcionirebad kerZo usd-ebis umravlesobas gaaCnia erTi-ori disciplinis momcveli viwro specializacia. Tavdapirvelad navaraudevi iyo, rom bsu iqneboda saerTaSoriso orientaciis mqone yovelmxrivi samecniero-kvleviTi universiteti.

56 vilhelm fraiher fon humboldti ix. Battis/Grigoleit, S. 66; Woll, S. 338. humboldtiseuli idealuri universitetis maxasiaTebelia saerTo WerqveS sxvadasxva disciplinebis rac SeiZleba farTo speqtris warmomadgeneli kvlevarebisa da studentebis gaerTianeba. ganaTlebis es ideali gansxvavdeba universitetebis im kategoriisgan, romelic output-ze orientirebuli kvalifikaciis amaRlebis dawesebulebebis saxiT amzadeben menejmentis saSualo da zeda fenebis warmomadgenlebs. Rirebuleba universitas sapirisirod. molodini kerZo aqtiurobisa da saxelmwifos mxridan finansuri mxardaWeras. 57 vebgverdi "Университеты мира" - Гейделберг. стр. 1

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imis gamo, rom bsu dafuZnebulia saxelmwifos mier da mas marTavs direqtorTa damoukidebeli sabWo, mas Tavdapirvelad hqonda garkveuli upiratesobebi, romlebic centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis sxva axal kerZo usd-ebs ar gaaCniaT. ase, yvelaze mokle droSi dafuZnebidan universitets Tavis gankargulebaSi ukve hqonda oTxi sakvanZo funqciuri elementi, romelmac mniSvnelovan wilad daaCqares misi ganviTareba:

- universitetisTvis gamoyofil iqna oficerTa yofili akademiis keTilmowyobili teritoria saerTo farTobiT 30 ha;

- bremenis miwam universitets gamouyo ganviTarebaze sawesdebo kapitali daaxloebiT 115 mln evros odenobiT;

- universitets mWidro partnioruli urTierTobebi hqonda hiustonSi mdebare raisis universitetTan;

- universiteti sargeblobda politikuri mxardaWeriT bremenis miwis senatisa da qalaqis meris mxridan.

universitetSi pirveli studentebi Caricxul iqnen 2001 w. Semodgomaze. im droidan bsu-m miaRwia gasaocar warmatebebs saerTaSoriso marketingsa da iniciativebSi studentTa mozidvis saqmeSi. universiteti orientirebulia xuT erTmaneTis gadamfarav miznebze, romlebmac saSualeba misces mas gamokveTiliyo umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropul bazarze, saxeldobr:

srulyofis miRweva profesorebisa da studentTa SerCevis sakiTxebSi;

studentebisa da maswavleblebis saerTaSoriso kontingenti;

swavlebisa da kvlevebis disciplinaTSorisi xasiaTi;

interaqtiuloba swavlebisa da swavlis qseluri garemos xarjze;

organizaciis da menejmentis damoukidebloba, gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis operatiuloba da maqsimaluri moqniloba58.

2005/06 w.w.-Si bsu-Si Cairicxa 930 studenti msoflios 80-ze meti qveynebidan, maT Soris, aspiranturaSic. studentTa naxevarze meti - centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis postkomunisturi qveynebidan iyvnen. bsu-Si yvelaze meti studenti iseTi qveynebidanaa, rogorebicaa:

• bulgareTi; • rumineTi; • poloneTi; • litva; • ungreTi59 cxadia, rom am qveynebSi studentebs xSirad ar akmayofilebT

samamulo saxelmwifo universitetebis mier SemoTavazebuli

58 Гизеке Ханс К. стр. 6-7 59 bremenis saerTaSoriso universitetis saiti

Статистическая служба Федерального министерства образования и исследований Германии (2003/2004). Майский выпуск Abi Berufswahl-Magazin 2005

bsu-s saregistracio samsaxuri

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swavlebis tradiciuli SesaZleblobebi da amitomac ufro didi raodenobiT abareben bsu-Si. es mizezi nawilobriv xsnis kerZo usd-ebis mZafr zrdas centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi.

germaniaSi moqmedebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi miRebis saerTo wesebi. ZiriTadad saswavlo dawesebulebaSi Caricxvis ganmsazRvrelia saSualo ganaTlebis diplomi (atestati) da Tu Sefasebebi Seesabameba saerTo standartebs, am SemTxvevaSi abiturientis Caricxva xdeba ugamocdod. germaniis gaerTianebam gansazRvra reforma saganmanaTlebo sivrceSi romlis Sinaarsi mdgomareobs ganaTlebis standartebis unificirebaSi. aman ganapiroba is faqti, rom mxolod saSualo ganaTlebis diplomi aRar ganixileba misi mflobelis momzadebis donis garantad. swored amitom rigi perstiJuli universitetebisa atareben misaReb gamocdebsa da konkursebs, xazgamiT es exeba samedicino fakultets.

germaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferos umTavresi principia akademiuri Tavisufleba, romelic saSualebas aZlevs students damoukideblad airCios saswavlo disciplina. gansakuTrebuli Tavisebureba germaniis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis aris saswavlo procesisa da samecniero kvlevis urTierTkavSiri, romelic gansazRvravs studentis grafiksac: TiToeuli semestri Sedgeba saleqcio da arasaleqcio periodebisagan, romlis drosac studenti valdebulia dakavdes damoukidebeli samecniero samuSaoTi. germaniaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis reformis Tanamedrove etapi 1991 wels qveynis gaerTianebasTan erTad daiwyo da ganpirobebuli iyo, erTi mxriv, ganaTlebis modernizaciisa da internacionalizaciis aucileblobiT, meore mxriv ki, ganaTlebis xarisxis saerTo erovnuli standartebis Seqmnis mizniT yofili germaniis demokratiuli respublikis ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebis aucileblobiT. bolo aTwleulSi germania sakmaod warmatebiT arTmevda Tavs am ori amocanis gadaWras da dRes germanuli ganaTlebis sistema mTel msoflioSi aRiarebulia, mravali qveynisTvis warmoadgens magaliTs da orientirs saganmanaTleblo politikis SemuSavebisaTvis.

germanuli ganaTlebis sistema aris centrs, federaciis subieqtebs (mxareebs) da Tavad saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs Soris mmarTvelobiTi uflebamosilebis gawonasworebulad gamijvnis nimuSi.

germaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemas gamoirCeva imiT, rom masSi harmoniulad aris Serwymuli Zveli sauniversiteto tradiciebi da ganaTlebis marTvis inovaciuri meTodebi, fundamenturi Teoriuli ganaTleba da samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianoba, xelmisawvdomoba da ganaTlebis umaRlesi xarisxi.

kulturis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo suverenitetis im principebis Sesabamisad, romlebic damkvidrebulia germaniis konstituciiT, umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema federaluri mxareebis avtonomiuri pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi Sedis. umaRles ganaTlebaSi federaluri mxareebis politikas koordinacias uwevs

56

germaniis federaciuli respublikis ganaTlebisa da kulturis ministrTa moqmedi konferencia.

meore msoflio omis Semdeg umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis aRdgena upiratesad miwebis (mxareebis) amocana iyo. imis kvalobaze, rom umaRlesi ganaTlebis ganviTareba sul ufro metad moiTxovda dagegmvis saxelmwifo politikis gatarebas da mniSvnelovani finansuri resursebis mizidvas, federaluri mTavroba sul ufro metad ebmeboda umaRlesi ganaTlebis marTvis sakiTxebSi. 1969 wlidan umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis, maT Soris sauniversiteto klinikebis Seqmnisa da ganviTarebis sakiTxebi, agreTve kvleviTi samuSaoebis dafinansebis sakiTxebi Setanilia im erTobliv amocanaTa ricxvSi, romlebsac Tanabrad afinanseben federaluri centri da mxareebi, da regulirdeba ZiriTadi kanoniT. garda amisa, federalur mTavrobas mieniWa uflebamosileba aamoqmedos CarCo kanonmdebloba, romelic gansazRvravs umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis funqcionirebis zogad principebs. am sferoSi ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo federaluri dokumenti gaxda, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 1976 wels miRebuli da Semdgom araerTgzis gadasinjuli federaluri CarCo kanoni `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ (am federaluri CarCo kanonis bolo redaqcia miRebulia 1998 wels).

1989 wels germaniis demokratiul respublikaSi mSvidobiani revoluciis Semdeg aRmosavleT germaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis adrindeli centralizebuli sistema gadaisinja da moxda misi dasavlur pluralistur sistemaSi gadayvana mecnierebis sabWos (marTvis mTavari sakonsultacio organo, romelic aerTianebs federaluri mTavrobis da mxareTa mTavrobebis warmomadgenlebs, mecnierebs da sazogadoebriobis warmomadgenlebs) rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad, romelsac daevala Caetarebina yovlismomcveli gamokvleva dasavleT da aRmosavleT germaniaSi ganaTlebis marTvis sistemis sakiTxebze.60

1.5. aSS-s umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema aSS-s umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema, iseve rogorc mTlianad

ganaTlebis sfero, decentralizebulia. TiToeuli Stati uflebamosilia gaataros Tavisi saganmanaTleblo politika federalur kanonmdeblobasTan SesabamisobaSi. aSS-s federalur xelisuflebaSi ganaTlebaze pasuxismgebelia ganaTlebis departamenti, romelic gansazRvravs prioritetebs qveynis ganaTlebis sferoSi. aSS-s kongresi Rebulobs kanonebs, romlebic pirdapir an iribad axdenen gavlenas qveynis ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebaze, ganaTlebis departamenti ki anawilebs finansebs federaluri biujetidan da akontrolebs mis gamoyenebas. umaRlesi ganaTlebis amerikuli sistema ar eqvemdebareba erTian saxelmwifo mmarTvelobas. im saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis licenzireba, romlebic dislocirebulia calkeul StatebSi,

60 vebgverdi "Экономика, Социология, Менеджмент" стр. 2-3

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xorcieldeba adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier, magram maT mier ar xdeba akreditacia, iseve, rogorc swavlebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofa. akreditacias da swavlebis xarisxis Sefasebas axorcieleben arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. rTulia imis gansazRvra, Tu aSS-Si romeli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi ufro prestiJulia, saxelmwifo Tu kerZo. SeiZleba iTqvas ganmsazRvrelia ufro saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saxeli, vidre sakuTrebis forma. Tumca, xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom aSS-s uZvelesi universitetebis CamonaTvalSi umTavresi adgili mainc kerZo universitetebs ukaviaT, TumcaRa, studentebis 79% swavlobs saxelmwifo universitetebSi.

aSS-s umsxvilesi saxelmwifo saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebani gamoirCevian mdidari tradiciebiT da aqtiurad TanamSromloben im Statebis xelisuflebasTan, sadac arian ganlagebulebi, radgan finansirdebian maTi mxridan. saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis finansirebis ZiriTadi gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Cveulebriv saxelmwifo usd-ebis biujetis garkveuli nawili es aris dotacia saxelmwifo wyarodan (Statis biujetidan), danarCeni nawilis formireba xdeba swavlis safasuriT, grantebiT, saqvelmoqmedo SemowirulobebiT da calkeuli fondebidan. kerZo usd-ebi ki damokidebulebi arian swavlebis safasursa da sxvadasxva momsaxurebaze.

saxelmwifo universitetebi aseve warmoadgenen Statebis sazogadoebriv da samecniero centrebs da martivad ipyroben ucxoelTa yuradRebas, radgan maTTan swavlis safasuri, ufro iafia, vidre kerZo universitetebSi da amasTan isini sakmaod prestiJuladac gamoiyurebian. saxelmwifo universitetebi, soliduri dawesebulebebia, sadac aTeul aTasobiT studenti eufleba codnas sxvadasxva akademiur safexurze – bakalavriatidan dawyebuli doqtoranturis CaTvliT. es universitetebi gansxvavdebian sxva umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebidan imiT, rom iq xorcieldeba samecniero kvlevebi, romelTaTvisac Seqmnilia Sesabamisi pirobebi. aseT dawesebulebebs, romlebsac eZlevaT yovelwliurad milionobiT dolari, aqvT SesaZlebloba moiwvion samuSaod warmatebuli mecnierebi msoflio sxvadasxva kuTxidan. saxelmwifo universitetebi mdebareobs rogorc megapolisebSi, aseve patara qalaqebSi. ZiriTadad maT aqvT filialebis farTo qseli Statis farglebSi. calkeul ganviTarebul Statebs SesaZlebloba aqvT Seinaxon ramdenime saxelmwifo universitetic.

aSS-s umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa meore kategorias miekuTvnebian msxvili kerZo universitetebi, romlebic qveyanaSi ricxovnebis mixedviT naklebia saxelmwifo universitetebTan SedarebiT. miuxedavad amisa, isini aSS-s (aseve msoflios) maRalreitingul umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa rigebSi arian warmodgenilni.61

61 eduABROA. Система образования США. стр. 1-2

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moviyvanoT ramdenime magaliTi aSS-s universitetebis Sesaxeb: harvardis universiteti - sruli uflebiT SegviZlia

mivakuTvnoT universitet-teqnopoliss, masSi amJamad moqmedebs 144 kvleviTi centri da 10 koleji. centrebs aqvT daqvemdebarebis matriculi struqtura, maT Soris 35 samecniero kvleviTi centri dakavSirebulia sabunebismetyvelo da humanitarul mecnierebebTan, 13 centri muSaobs biznesis sferoSi, 37 centri - medicinisa da jandacvis dargSi, 12 - centri - mTavrobasTan dakavSirebul samecniero kvlevebze, 18 centri ki - samarTlis sferoSi da a.S. centrebis aseTi raodenoba afarToebs universitetis momqmed da isedac ganStoebul infrastruqturas, rac erTis mxriv, saSualebas iZleva ganxorcieldes magistrebisa da doqtorebis momzadeba. Cveulebriv, uds-Si saqmianobis ZiriTadi sfero - es studentebis swavlebaa sabakalavro programebiT, da mxolod 15-25% swavlobs magistraturasa da doqtoranturaSi, harvardSi ki - piriqiT, bakalavriatis programebiT swavlobs studentebis mxolod 35%, magram magistraturisa da doqtoranturis programebiT ki - 65%.62

dreqselis universiteti – aris kerZo universiteti,

romelic daarsebulia 1891 wels finansistis da filantropistis anton dreqselis mier. dreqselis 60 heqtarze gaSenebuli ZiriTadi kempusi mdebareobs filadelfiaSi, pensilvania. swavlobs 12.900 bakalavri, 6.976 magistri studenti. universitetSi swavloben studentebi aSS-s 40 Statidan da sazRvargareTis 53 qveynidan. moqmedebs 70 sabakalavro; 77 samagistro da 21 sadoqtoro programa. swavlis safasuri meryeobs akademiuri programebis mixedviT, aseve aris damatebiTi gadasaxadebi (sacxovrebeli da kveba). swavlebis gadasaxadia 32,000 aSS dolari, honorari 1,650 dolari, sacxovrebeli 6,555, kveba 4,455.

1983 wels dreqseli gaxda pirveli universiteti, sadac yvela students unda hqonoda personaluri kompiuteri (nouTbuqi). 2000 wels dreqseli iyo pirveli ZiriTadi universiteti, romelmac aRWurva Tavisi saerTo sacxovrebeli uaxlesi teqnikuri miRwevebiT. dreqselis universiteti sTavazobs studentebs swavlas da staJirebas aziaSi, evropasa da laTinur amerikaSi. yvela sazRvargareTis saswavlo programa unda akmayofilebdes dreqselis universitetis moTxovnebs.63

62 vebgverdi `Информационно-справочный портал поддержки системы управления качеством~ стр. 9 63 gouldi m.,

59

jorj meisonis universiteti - universitetma arseboba daiwyo 1957 wels CrdiloeT virjiniis universitetis filialis statusiT, axladgaxsnili universitetis dasaxmareblad qalaq fearTeqsis municipalitetma 1958 wels SeiZina 150 heqtari miwa da gadasca is virjiniis universitets permanentuli filialis dasaarseblad. 1966 wels generalurma asambleam daamtkica jorj meisonis universitetis eqspansia oTxwlian universitetad, universitets mieniWa grZelvadiani mandati, raTa is gardaqmniliyo regionis ZiriTad universitetad. swavlobs 18000-mde bakalavriatis studenti, 6.785 magistri, 1.776 doqtoranti.64

jorjTaunis universiteti - mdebareobs vaSingtonSi.

daarsebulia 1789 wels. universiteti aris uZvelesi kaTolikuri da iezuituri universiteti. dReisaTvis jorjTauni aris erT-erTi ZiriTadi kvleviTi universiteti, romelic yvelanairad pasuxobs Tanamedroveobis moTxovnebs, Tavisi studentebis mravalferovnebiT, profesionali kadrebiTa da profesor-maswavleblebiT. swavlobs 1.577 bakalavri, 1.340 magistri. jorjTaunis universitetSi aris oTxi bakalavris diplomis gamcemi skola, sami samagistro da profesiuli skola, samedicino da sxva programebi. swavlis safasuria bakalavriatSi 33,552 aSS dolari, magistraturaSi 31,512 aSS dolari, doqtoranturaSi 35,328 aSS dolari. 65

aSS-s saxelmwifo da kerZo universitetebis ZiriTadi ganmasxvavebeli niSani biujetis formirebis formaa (xazgasasmelia, rom analogiuria sxvaoba saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis biujetis formirebasTan dakavSirebiT, imis mixedviT saxelmwifo Tu kerZo seqtors ganekuTvnebian umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi).

meore niSani, romelic qarTuli saganmanaTleblo sivrcisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia, aris is, rom kerZo universitetebi aSS-Si gansxvavdebian saxelmwifo universitetebisagan masStabebiT, profesor-maswavlebelTa da studentTa ricxovnebiT. TumcaRa, aSS-s kerZo universitetebi gamoirCevian maRalprofesiuli kadrebiT, swavlebis maRali xarisxiTa da studentebisadmi farTo finansuri mxardaWeriT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom federaluri mTavroba didmniSvnelovan (da mkacrad reglamentirebul) rols asrulebs mTlianad qveynis marTvaSi (kerZod, aris konstituciis garanti da qmnis normatiul-samarTlebriv bazas samoqalaqo samarTlis, garemos dacvis, dasaqmebis uzrunvelyofis politikis sferoSi, warmoadgens stipendiebis dafinansebisa da mecnieruli kvlevis grantebis

64 gouldi m., 65 gouldi m.,

60

wyaros), igi mainc pirdapir ar monawileobs umaRlesi saswavleblebis finansur marTvaSi.

1.6. irlandiis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema irlandiis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema eqspertTa

yuradRebas ramdenime aspeqtis gamo ipyrobs. jer erTi, sayuradReboa umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis

roli bolodroindel `irlandiis ekonomikur saswaulSi~. warmoebis modernizaciis revoluciurma tempma, ganaTlebis sferoSi investiciebis zrdasTan erTad kidev erTxel daadastura ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis saganmanaTleblo potencialis mniSvneloba.

meore, evropuli qveynebis mosaxleobis daberebis procesis fonze irlandia gamonaklisad gamoiyureba, radgan mcxovrebTa saSualo asaki 28 welia. irlandiis ekonomikis modernizacia mimdinareobda mosaxleobis gaaxalgazrdavebis demografiuli procesebis da adamianuri potencialis zrdis fonze, rasac mniSvnelovanwilad Seuwyo xeli ekonomikuri bumis periodSi irlandieli emigrantebis STamomavalTa dabrunebam.

mesame, interess iwvevs samTavrobo struqturebis mier Suamavali organizaciisaTvis marTvisa da dagegmvis funqciebis delegirebis modeli.

meoTxe, irlandiuri modernizaciis damaxasiaTebeli niSania investiciebis mizidva maRali teqnologiebis seqtorSi. irlandiis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmna (teqnologiuri institutebis statusis amaRleba, universitetebSi teqnikuri disciplinebis swavlebis gaZliereba, maRali teqnologiebis korporaciebisa da umaRlesi saswavleblebis uSualo urTierTmoqmedebis kursi, ganaTlebis informatizacia) mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba ekonomikis moTxovnilebebma.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis irlandiuri modeli kidev imiTac aris saintereso, rom masSi kargad aris Serwymuli tradiciuli da modernizebuli komponentebi; es bazris yvela moTxovnis Sesabamisi Tanamedrove institutebis konstruqciaa, romelic awyobilia evropaSi uZvelesi saganmanaTleblo sistemis fundamentze.66

1.7. niderlandis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema umaRlesi ganaTlebis holandiuri sistema mravali mizezis

gamo ipyrobs yuradRebas. dRes umaRlesi ganaTlebis holandiuri sistema boloniis

procesiT gansazRvruli gardaqmnebis procesSi imyofeba, Tumca istoriulad igi Sors aris boloniuri modelisgan (`bakalavriat-magistraturis~ ordoniani sistema, CasaTvleli kreditebis erTiani sistema, umaRlesi saswavleblebis avtonomiis maRali xarisxi). mas axasiaTebs institutebis ierarqiuloba, skolebisa da umaRlesi saswavleblebis mWidro kavSiri, saxelmwifos

66 "Экономика, Социология, Менеджмент". Федеральный образовательный портал стр. 24

61

gansakuTrebuli roli marTvaSi, umaRlesi ganaTlebis tradiciulad Camoyalibebuli erTdoniani sistema, moswavleTa adreuli diferenciacia.

reformebis procesSi gamonaxuli profiluri saministrosa da umaRlesi saswavleblebis urTierTmoqmedebis saSualeba ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis analitikosebma swavlebis xarisxisadmi kontrolisa da finansuri mdgradobis miRwevis problemis warmatebul gadawyvetad miiCnies.

interess iwvevs saerTaSoriso ganaTlebis sistema, romelic internacionalizaciis gamowvevebis pasuxad warmoiqmna. ucxoeli studentebisaTvis inglisurenovani programebi seriozul rols asrulebs umaRlesi ganaTlebis mTeli seqtoris funqcionirebaSi.

sainteresoa, agreTve, eqsperimenti studentTa finansuri mxardaWeris sqemebis Secvlis mizniT, romelic cxadyofs stipendiebis sesxiT mTlianad Secvlis sust mxareebs.

sayuradReboa niderlandis `saganmanaTleblo eqspansia~. erTiani holandiur-flandriuli saganmanaTleblo sivrcis da akreditaciis saerTo sistemis Seqmna67.

1.8. CineTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema CineTs aqvs uZvelesi istoria kerZo umaRles ganaTlebasTan

dakavSirebiT. pirveli kerZo usd Siuani (akademia) Seiqmna 1300 wlis win. Tanamedrove kerZo usd-ebi aRmocenden me-20 saukunis 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi. fadanis da CineTis universitetebi daarsebul iqnen 1905 wels da maT kvaldakval 1919 wels daarsdnen siaminis da nankeis universitetebi. me-20 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi kerZo seqtori warmoadgenda umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis mniSvnelovan komponents. 1949 wlisaTvis 223 universitetidan is 93 universiteti, romlebzec komunistebma daaweses kontroli, iyvnen kerZo usd-ebi. 1950 wels nacionalizaciis Sedegad, yvela kerZo usd an daixura an gaerTianda saxelmwifosTan. 1952 wlidan 1982 wlamde periodSi kerZo umaRlesi ganaTleba sruliad gauqmda. 1982 wlis martidan, 30-wliani Seferxebis Semdeg, pekinSi kvlav gaixsna pirveli kerZo usd – CineTis socialuri universiteti. 1992 wels sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebam, safuZveli Cauyara didi raodenobis kerZo usd-ebis Seqmnas. 1993 wels CineTis ganaTlebis sistemis reformis programam gansazRvra politika, romelic mimarTuli iyo kerZo umaRlesi ganaTlebis ganviTarebisaken, romelic 2002 wels gamyarda kanoniT `kerZo umaRlesi ganaTlebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~. am periodisaTvis CineTSi moqmedebda 1396 saxelmwifo da 1202 kerZo usd.68

1.9. avstraliis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema avstraliis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemaSi 39 universitetia,

maT Soris 2 kerZo _ notr-damisa da bondis universitetebi;

67 "Экономика, Социология, Менеджмент". Федеральный образовательный портал стр. 8 68 Юань Ш. стр. 1-2

62

daaxloebiT 85 kerZo umaRlesi saswavlebeli da sami umaRlesi saswavlebeli, romlebic arasaxelmwifo diplomebs gascemen. Tanamegobrobis mTavrobas (centralur mTavrobas) umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis mimarT SezRuduli uflebamosileba aqvs. avstraliis konstituciis Tanaxmad federalur parlaments ar aqvs sakanonmdeblo uflebamosilebani mTlianad ganaTlebis sferoSi da kerZod umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da universitetebis sferoSi. am sferosaTvis pasuxs ageben Statebi da saxelmwifo teritoriebi. miuxedavad amisa, Tanamegobrobis mTavrobas StatebTan da teritoriebTan moqmedi SeTanxmebebis Sesabamisad ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba akisria umaRlesi ganaTlebis dafinansebisaTvis da umaRles ganaTlebaSi politikis mravali aspeqtisaTvis.

1940-iani wlebidan dawyebuli Tanamegobroba sul ufro did rols asrulebs umaRlesi ganaTlebis dafinansebasa da misi ganviTarebis politikis gansazRvraSi. 1974 wlidan Tanamegobroba pasuxs agebs dafinansebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, maSin roca Statebma SeinarCunes sakanonmdeblo da saregulacio kontroli universitetebisadmi. Tanamegobrobisa da Statebis Sesabamisi rolebi bolos 1991 wels Camoyalibda, roca mTavrobaTa xelmZRvanelebis specialur konferenciaze moiwones SeTanxmeba, romelSic umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema ganisazRvra rogorc erToblivi pasuxismgeblobis sfero. am SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad Tanamegobrobas akisria ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba dafinansebis uzrunvelyofisa da politikis SemuSavebisTvis, xolo Statebi pasuxs ageben kanonmdeblobisaTvis, marTvisa da am sferos ganviTarebis strategiuli prioritetebis gansazRvrisaTvis.

dafinansebis arsebuli sistema SemoiRes 1988 wels, umaRles ganaTlebaSi politikis gadasinjvis da mTeli rigi finansuri xelSekrulebebis dadebis Semdeg. 2000 wels moewyo universitetebSi kvleviTi samuSaoebisa da kvleviTi momzadebis dafinansebis revizia, romlis Sedegadac 2002 wlidan am sferoSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi moxda.

moqmedi sistemis ZiriTadi niSnebi Semdegia: 1). saswavlo procesisaTvis saeqspluatacio resursebi

universitetebs gadaecemaT erTdrouli saoperacio grantis saxiT studentebis garkveuli raodenobis adgilebisaTvis im yoveli egreT wodebuli saganmanaTleblo profilis konteqstiT, romelic moicavs umaRlesi saswavleblis saswavlo da kvleviT saqmianobas. saoperacio granti Seicavs agreTve dafinansebis saswavlo, ZiriTad da adgilobriv damxmare komponentebs;

2). saxsrebi gadairicxeba sami wliT. amgvarad, umaRlesi saswavleblebi, sul cota sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, uzrunvelyofili arian dasabuTebuli dagegmvisaTvis saWiro dafinansebis saimedo doniT;

3). kvleviTi samuSaoebis gansaxorcieleblad grantebis ganawileba, rogorc wesi, konkursis safuZvelze xdeba;

4). ZiriTadi fondebis dafinanseba 2001 wels 41,1 milion aSS dolars Seadgenda;

63

5). finansuri angariSmgeblobis sistema arsebiTad uzrunvelyofilia, saganmanaTleblo profilebis mixedviT, yovelwliurad warsadgeni dokumentaciiT.

saxelmwifo dafinanseba, rogorc Cans, avstraliis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis funqcionirebis qvakuTxedad rCeba, Tumca 1983 wlidan universitetebi naklebad arian damokidebuli saxelmwifo dafinansebaze da maTi SemosulobaTa wyaroebi ufro mravalferovani gaxda, Sesabamisad gaizarda maTi Semosavalic.69

1.10. ruseTis federaciuli respublikis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema 2009 wels, ruseTis federaciis prezidentis mier gamocemul

iqna brZaneba regionebSi axali umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, federaluri universitetebis statusiT. federaluri umaRlesi saswavleblebi Seiqmna qveynis federalur olqebad dayofis safuZvelze. federaluri universitetebi iqmnebian moqmedi saxelmwifo universitetebis bazaze, masTan sxva umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mierTebis gziT.

aseve, saxelmwifo dumis mier miRebuli kanoniT, gansakuTrebuli statusi mieniWa ruseTis or udides universitets – m. lomonosovis saxelobis moskovis saxelmwifo universitets da peterburgis saxelmwifo universitets. gansakuTrebuli cvlileba, romelic eliT aRniSnul universitetebs axali statusis farglebSi, aris reqtorebis damtkicebis procedura, radgan maTi daniSvnis uflebamosileba gadadis ruseTis prezidentis xelSi. sanacvlod aRniSnuli universitetebi Rebuloben gansakuTrebul finansirebas da TiToeuli maTgani calke muxlad iqneba gamoyofili ruseTis federaciis biujetSi. amasTan xazgasasmelia, rom maT eZlevaT ufleba SeimuSaon sakuTari saganmanaTleblo standartebi, aRiWurvon farTo avtonomiiT da, rac mTavaria, Caricxon abiturientebi sauniversiteto misaRebi gamocdebis safuZvelze da ara erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Sedegebis mixedviT.70

1.11. rumineTis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema XX s. ukanasknel dekadaSi, socialisturi reJimis

dacemisTanave, rumineTis universitetebi aRmoCdnen umaRles ganaTlebaze moTxovnis mkveTri zrdis winaSe. qveyanaSi Sesaferisi asakis axalgazrdebis ricxvma miaRwia uprecedento raodenobas. ufro metic, umaRlesi ganaTlebis dargSi socialisturi mTavrobis elitisturma politikam moqalaqeTa, ukve dasaqmebulTa, magram universitetis diplomis miRebis msurvelTa kolosaluri `narCeni jgufebis~ warmoqmna ganapiroba. am pirobebSi universitetebis winaSe idga iseTi amocanebi, rogorebicaa: axali saswavlo programebis Seqmna, diversifikacia da studentebis 69 "Экономика, Социология, Менеджмент". стр. 21-23 70 Головастиков К. стр.1

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raodenobis zrda. rumineTis zogierTi universitetis samewarmeo reaqcia viTardeboda sxvadasxva sqemiT :

1) usd-ebis raodenobis zrda, TviT usd-ebSi mravalricxovani axali fakultetebisa da kolejebis swrafi warmoqmna. 1990 wels rumineTSi ar arsebobdnen kerZo usd-ebi. 2005 wels qveyanaSi registrirebuli da akreditebuli iyo 49 kerZo universiteti. saxelmwifo usd-ebis raodenoba am periodSi praqtikulad gaormagda. saSualod, 1990 wlidan dawyebuli, yovelwliurad iqmneboda daaxloebiT 4 axali universiteti (kerZo da saxelmwifo). babeS-boliais universiteti am wlebSi gaxda qveynis yvelaze msxvili da mravalmxrivi universiteti.

2) akreditebuli usd-ebis mier SemoTavazebuli saswavlo programebis raodenobis zrda. aqac babeS-boliais universitets ukavia, agreTve, wamyvani mdgomareoba.

3) codnis warmodgenis xerxebis diversifikacia. amJamad 4000-ze meti studenti Seiswavlis 26 specialobas distanciuri swavlebis kursebze, romlebSic onlainis mecadineobebi SeTavsebulia pirad konsultaciebTan.

rumineTis universitetebi, moqmedeben ra drois suliskveTebiT, cdiloben gadaWran problemebi, romlebsac svams maT winaSe Cveni epoqa, maT Soris mewarmeobis ganviTarebis xarjze.

q. kluJ-napokes babeS-boliais saxelmwifo universitetis gamocdileba gamoiyeneba amosaval wertilad umaRles ganaTlebaSi, mewarmeobisadmi instituciuri midgomebis Sesaxeb zogadi daskvnebis misaRebad. babeS-boliais saxelmwifo universiteti daarsebul iqna 1919 wels transilvaniaSi – rumineTis CrdiloeT-dasavleT nawilSi. universitetSi funqcionirebs 20 fakulteti, sadac 45000-ze meti studenti Seiswavlis sxvadasxva specialobebs – maTematikidan da qimiidan dawyebuli, evropis istoriiTa da TeologiiT damTavrebuli. 1990 wels is sTavazobda studentebs 19 specialobas, 2005 wels ki – 100-ze mets.71

1.12. centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebi 1990 wels daiwyo umaRlesi ganaTlebis kerZo seqtoris

zvaviseburi zrda centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi. amasTanave, srulad kanonzomierad warmoiSva sakiTxebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad legitimuria axali institutebi da ofciebi da ramdenad imsaxureben ndobas. usd-ebi, cdiloben miaRwion aRiarebas, sazogadoebriv ndobas da bolos, legitimurobas. es gza warmoadgens Tavisebur kontiniums, romelSic moZraoba

71 Микла М. стр.1

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xorcieldeba instituciuri efeqturobidan instituciur sicocxlisunarianobisken, xolo Semdeg, saboloo jamSi, instituciur legitimurobisken.

arcTu iSviaTad es winsvla SemTxveviT an mizanmimarTulad muxruWdeba saxelmwifo politikiT umaRlesi ganaTlebis dargSi (an misi ararsebobiT), agreTve, Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoebis, politikuri moRvaweebisa da sazogadoebrivi liderebis negatiuri damokidebulebiT. am dabrkolebebis Sefaseba saSualebas gvaZlevs gamovavlinoT is faqtorebi, romlebsac yvelaze didi mniSvneloba aqvs ganaTlebis winsvlisTvis, procesebis uwyvetobis farglebSi.

kerZo usd-ebi gansakuTrebiT sustebi arian TavianTi ganviTarebis pirvel etapebze. am periodSi, rodesac warumateblobis albaToba gansakuTrebiT didi, Zalze mniSvnelovania is, rom reqtorebi, romlebic saTaveSi udganan axal umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs, gulisxmierad reagirebdnen da saguldagulod iTvaliswinebdnen im faqtorebs, romlebic saSualebas miscemen institutebs gazardon TavianTi legitimuroba.

2004 wlis maisSi, poloneTsa da ungreTSi Catarebul internet-gamokiTxvaze, kerZo usd-ebis reqtorTa pasuxebisa da centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi studentebTan asobiT intervius Sedegebis Seswavlis safuZvelze Sedgenil iqna legitimurobis yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtorebis ranJirebuli CamonaTvali ungreTisa da poloneTisaTvis. es faqtorebi yovelTvis ar SeiZleba pirdapir gamoviyenoT regionis sxva qveynebis umaRles ganaTlebaSi, Tumca isini saSualebas aZleven mkiTxvels Seiqmnas warmodgena im maCveneblebze, romlebic aCqareben usd-ebis winsvlas da ganviTarebas.

zemoT naxsenebi internet-gamokiTxva moicavda oc faqtors, romlebic SerCeuli iyo imitom, rom akreditaciis organoebi an reitinguli samsaxurebi yvelaze xSirad iyeneben maT instituciuri donisa da statusis Sesafaseblad. aseTi faqtorebi gamoiyeneba, agreTve, zogierT qveyanaSi (kerZod, aSS-Si, kanadasa da did britaneTSi) usd-ebis klasifikatorebis Sesadgenad, iseTebis, rogorebicaa `karnegis amerikuli klasifikatori~ an umaRlesi ganaTlebis sakiTxSi gazeT `Taimsis~ danarTis reitingebi.

maTi vargisianobis Sesafaseblad am maCveneblebs ajerebdnen bremenis saerTaSoriso universitetis (bsu) ganviTarebis analogiuri analizis Sedegebs. es usd arCeul iqna magaliTis saxiT imitom, rom es axali evropuli institutia.

bolo dros, kerZo umaRlesi ganaTlebis ganviTarebis msvleloba germaniaSi, mTlianobaSi, imeorebs am segmentis fenomenaluri zrdis zogad suraTs centralur da aRmosavleT evropis regionSi. amitom bsu warmoadgens saintereso magaliTs, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs gadavamowmoT legitimurobis maCveneblebis qmediToba sxvadasxva qveynisaTvis. analizis saboloo mizani mdgomareobs im faqtorebis SefasebaSi,

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romlebsac Tvlian yvelaze arsebiTad legitimurobis misaRwevad poloneTsa da ungreTSi, bsu-s gamocdilebidan gamomdinare.

centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis umaRlesi ganaTlebis konteqstSi yvelaze meti SesaZlebloba, efeqturobis demonstraciisTvis, aqvT im kerZo usd-ebs, romlebmac iswavles TavianTi qveynebis bazarze TavisTvis misaRebi niSis povna. Tumca, am axal usd-ebs mouxdebaT, agreTve, daamtkicon TavianTi finansuri sicocxlisunarianoba da daadasturon legitimurobaze TavianTi uflebebis ganacxadi kursdamTavrebulebis (an saqmianobis sxva materialuri Sedegebis) warmoebiT, romlebsac SeuZliaT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanon samSoblos saxelmwifo da korporaciul keTildReobaSi.

aRiarebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi ganpirobebulia ara marto aRqmis aberaciebiT, aramed realuri instituciuri naklovanebebiT.

centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebsa da politikur da sazogadoebriv liderebs Soris, Warbobs negatiuri da undobi damokidebuleba kerZo usd-ebisadmi. Caatarda ra regionSi asobiT interviu studentebTan da pedagogebTan, gamoavlinda rigi sakiTxebisa:

- umravles kerZo usd-Si studentebis momzadebisa da moswrebis done ufro dabalia, vidre saxelmwifo institutebSi;

- biblioTekebi da laboratoriebi praqtikulad uvargisia mecadineobisTvis;

- axali kerZo usd-ebis pedagogTa umravlesoba ar awarmoebs samecniero kvlevebs (yovel SemTxvevaSi, kerZo usd-ebSi TavianTi muSaobis msvlelobaSi);

- saswavlo programebi sustia da orientirebulia, pirvel rigSi, Sromis bazris amwuTier moTxovnilebebze da ar iTvaliswineben sazogadoebis ufro grZelvadian problemebs.

yvela es araswori Sexeduleba sakmaod Zlieria da am pirobebSi, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia Seiqmnas avtoritetis an prestiJuli Tvisebebis aRiarebis aura, romlebic damkvidrebis saSualebas miscemen instituciur brends.

centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis nebismier qveyanaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis kerZo seqtoris ayvavebisTvis saWiroa, rom kerZo usd-ebis liderma jgufma gaiTqvas saxeli didi warmatebebiT romelime akademiur dargSi, iqneba es biznesi, samarTali, sazogadoebrivi marTva, sainJinro saqme, zusti, kompiuteruli Tu humanitaruli mecnierebebi. amisaTvis, rogorc wesi, saWiroa studentTa ramdenime Taobis gamoSveba, romlebic daikaveben wamyvan poziciebs mTavarobaSi, biznesSi an umaRles ganaTlebaSi. kerZo seqtoris socialuri miRebisa da aRiarebis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani maCvenebeli mdgomareobs imaSi, rom saxelmwifo universitetebi qiraoben kerZo usd-ebis kursdamTavrebulebs profesorebis an menejerebis Tanamdebobaze.

mTlianobaSi, gansxvavebebi instituciuri legitimurobis yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtorebis CamonaTvalSi, TvalsaCinod asaxaven sxvaobas qveynebs Soris ukanasknel wlebSi kerZo

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seqtoris ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. kerZo usd-ebis poloneli reqtorebis azriT, legitimuroba vlindeba, pirvel rigSi, imaSi, Tu ramdenad miiswrafvian studentebi Cairicxon ama Tu im usd-Si. Tu moTxovna maRalia, maSin usd-s swavlis legitimuri adgilia studentebisTvis.

es moTxovna ganisazRvreba, pirvel rigSi, institutis mdgomareobiT usd-ebis saxelmwifo reitingSi, romelsac amzadebs wamyvani polonuri gamomcemloba. institutebi, romlebsac ukaviaT wamyvani poziciebi, cdiloben yovelnairad gausvan xazi am miRwevas, Segvaxseneben ra mis Sesaxeb institutis saitze da praqtikulad yovel publikaciaSi. sruliad naTelia, rom poloneTSi am reitingebis farTo gavrceleba da ganxilva mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs ama Tu im usd-s moTxovnilebas. ungreTSi kerZo seqtoris institutebis legitimuroba damokidebulia ufro ganaTlebis saministros Sesabamis organoSi miRebul akreditaciaze. kerZo usd-m, romelmac gaiara akreditacia, SeiZleba daikavos praqtikulad Tanabari poziciebi saxelmwifo universitetebTan da Tamamad moaxdinos mis mier umaRlesi ganaTlebis bazarze SemoTavazebul saganmanaTleblo momsaxureobaTa xarisxis reklamireba. poloneTis magaliTi mowmobs Caricxvaze legitimurobis mniSvnelovani damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. ungreTSi ki, piriqiT, gza legitimurobisken gadis mTavarobis mier dadgenili standartebisadmi Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofaze - maSinac ki, Tu kerZo usd-ebis umravlesoba am kriteriumebs ar Tvlis Tavis legitimurobis realur sazomad.

zemoaRniSnuli gamokiTxvis ZiriTadi daskvnebis bremenis saerTaSoriso universitetis ganviTarebis SedegebTan Sedarebis safuZvelze gamoirkva, rom bsu Tavisi aRmocenebis etapze imyofeboda ufro xelsayrel mdgomareobaSi, vidre poloneTisa da ungreTis axal kerZo usd-Ta umravlesoba. miuxedavad amisa, mas maTTan bevri ram saerTo hqondaT. rogorc nebismier axal instituts, bremenis saerTaSoriso universitets unda gaevlo legitimurobis mopovebis igive gza, rac regionis sxva kerZo usd-ebs. iyo ra kerZo usd, bsu iZulebuli iyo gadaexdevinebina swavlis gadasaxadi da sakuTari biujetis meti wili gamoeZebna arasamTavrobo wyaroebidan. ar hqonda ra sakuTari prestiJi anu reputacia, universitets unda Seeqmna sakuTari imiji brendis ganviTarebis xarjze. da bolos, radgan es universiteti funqcionirebs evropis erT-erT qveyanaSi, misi ganviTareba da funqcionireba ganisazRvreba boloniis procesis moTxovnebiT, romlebic gamoiyeneba centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis yvela usd-sTan mimarTebaSi.

bremenis saerTaSoriso universitetis magaliTi mowmobs imis Sesaxeb, rom usd-ebi aRweven legitimurobas, mxardaWeris sxvadasxva wyaroebisa da adgilobrivi pirobebis mixedviT. bsu-s sakmaod swrafi legitimacia aixsneba saqalaqo da federaluri mxardaWeriT ganviTarebis adreul etapebze. amis wyalobiT universitetma miiRo kampusi, sastarto kapitali, saxelmwifo

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akreditacia da saboloo jamSi, germaniis samecniero sabWos aRiareba, romelmac, Tavis mxriv, mas gza gauxsna samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobis federaluri dafinansebisaken.

qveynebs Soris yvelaze TvalsaCinod gansxvavebebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis tradiciebisa da istoriuli konteqstis mixedviT vlindebian usd-s pedagogebis samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobis sakiTxebSi. institutebisTvis, romlebic gamoxataven poziciebs, rogorc universitetebi, samecniero kvlevebi aris institucionaluri misiis ganuyofeli nawili, sadac ar unda iyvnen isini. centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis axal kerZo usd-ebis umravlesobas Seadgenen dawesebulebebi, romlebic TavianT Tavs gansazRvraven rogorc `umaRlesi skolebi~ an `institutebi~ da maTTvis kvlevebi arc ise mniSvnelovania legitimurobis TvalsazrisiT.72 §2 sxvadasxva qveynebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis SedarebiTi analizi rogorc sxvadasxva qveynebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis gamocdilebis mixedviT ikveTeba, saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sistemis yovelmxrivi reformireba ufro siRrmiseulad unda ganxorcieldes, radgan mxolod zedapiruli xasiaTis reformebi ver gvTavazobs im Sedegs, rac dReisaTvis rig qveynebSia warmodgenili. saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo gamocdilebis efeqturad gamoyeneba, mniSvnelovanwilad, Seuwyobda xels Cven qveyanaSi ganaTlebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis ganviTarebas. mTavaria, warmatebuli qveynebis mravalferovani saganmanaTleblo speqtris analizis Sedegad, swori arCevani gakeTdes im formebis gamoyenebaze, romelic miesadageba qarTul realobas da Seqmnida saimedo safuZvels saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da Sedegze orientirebuli perspeqtivis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. am TvalsazrisiT, sxvadasxva qveynebma miaRwies garkveul efeqtebs. kerZod, germaniaSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo Zveli saganmanaTleblo tradiciebis harmoniul TanSerwymas siaxleebTan, aseve, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, germanuli ganaTlebis sistema aris klasikuri magaliTi centrs, federaciis subieqtebsa da usd-ebs Soris uflebamosilebaTa gamijvnis. did britaneTSi sistemis ganviTarebis perspeqtiva am mimarTebiT axali menejmentis ganxorcielebis aucileblobas daukavSires. safrangeTis sakmaod unificirebuli da centralizebuli sistema ukanasknel periodSi decentralizaciis gziT miemarTeba. rogorc vTqviT, srulad decentralizebulia aSS-s ganaTlebis sfero. e.i. yovelive aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, umniSvnelovanesia ganvsazRvroT Cveni qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis farglebSi rogor ganvaxorcieloT umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis modernizeba.

72 Гизеке Ханс К. стр.1-6

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amasTan, xazgasasmelia, rom dRemde, miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema kvlav reformirebis procesSia, saxelmwifos kontroli usd-ebis saqmianobaze adekvatur efeqts ver iZleva, ris gamoc, Tu erTi SexedviT avtoritetulobiT gamorCeuli usd-ebis saqmianobaSi siRrmiseulad CavixedavT, aRmovCndebiT seriozuli xarvezebis winaSe rogorc menejmentis ganxorcielebis, aseve saswavlo programebisa da akademiuri Tu administraciuli personalis kvalifikaciis TvalsazrisiT. samwuxarod, es realoba arasaimedo niadagia usd-ebis saqmianobis Tanamedrove moTxovnebTan da sazogadod saerTaSoriso gamocdilebasTan Sesabamisobis moyvanis TvalsazrisiT. 2005 wlis noemberSi iunesko-sepesma moawyo konferencia `kerZo umaRlesi ganaTleba evropaSi da xarisxis uzrunvelyofa .da akreditacia boloniis procesis mixedviT~. konferenciisTvis momzadebul iqna cameti angariSi calkeul qveynebze da warmoebul iqna am qveynebis SedarebiTi analizi. proeqtma moicva iseTi qveynebi, rogorebicaa albaneTi, avstria, bulgareTi, estoneTi, germania, italia, poloneTi, portugalia, rumineTi, ruseTi, espaneTi, TurqeTi da ukraina.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis yvela forma metwilad kontrolirdeba saxelmwifos mier im mniSvnelobiT, rom isini funqcionireben saxelmwifo organoebis mier SemuSavebul regulatur CarCoebSi.

kerZod esenia:

kvalifikaciuri CarCoebi: xarisxis struqtura da misi moTxovnebi, xarisxis uzrunvelyofis sqema;

avtonomiis CarCoebi: kanonebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen universitetis avtonomias da umaRlesi ganaTlebis regulirebis gansazRvruli procedurebis dacvas;

Tanabari wvdomis CarCoebi: kanonebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen swavlis yvela msurvelis Tanasworobas;

zogadi samarTlebrivi CarCoebi: daqiravebis, jandacvis, usafrTxoebis da a.S. normebi.

qveynebis mixedviT, cameti angariSis analizis gaTvaliswinebiT, gakeTda rigi zogadi daskvnebi. jer erTi, sruliad naTelia, rom sididiT kerZo usd-ebi, rogorc wesi, saxelmwifo usd-ze bevrad naklebia, Tumca maTi sidide ar unda SevafasoT kerZo seqtoris studentebis raodenobisagan, agreTve, kerZo usd-ebis dafinansebis sqemebisagan mowyvetiT. studentebis raodenobis cvalebadoba da demografiuli tendenciebi moiTxoven umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemisagan mniSvnelovan moqnilobas. amJamad, evropis umravles qveyanaSi, xdeba Sesabamisi asakobrivi jgufebis raodenobis Semcirebis prognozireba, rac, rogorc Cans, migviyvans studentebis mosazidad usd-Ta Sorisi konkurenciis gamwvavebamde.

mraval qveyanaSi, sadac saxelmwifo uds-ebi gadatvirTulni arian, kerZo institutebi avseben wyvetilobas moTxovnasa da

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miwodebas Soris, swavlebis yvelaze moTxovnad dargebSi (es tendenciaa saqarTveloSic, magram xandaxan aris piriqiT - reitenguli kerZo universitetebis gadatvirTulobis SemTxvevaSi, wyvetilobis Sevsebas axdenen saxelmwifo universitetebi).

im camet qveyanaSi, romlebic daeqvemdebarnen analizs, kerZo umaRlesi ganaTlebis ori umniSvnelovanesi amocana - wvdomis gafarToeba da elitaruli momsaxureobebia. wvdomis gafarToebaze orientirebuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis kerZo seqtorebi, Cveulebriv moicaven qveyanaSi studentebis saerTo raodenobis 10%-ze mets. rogorc wesi, aseT SemTxvevaSi kerZo usd-ebSi ufro advilia mowyoba, vidre saxelmwifo usd-ebSi, rac miuTiTebs arCeviTobis dabal doneze. aseTi kerZo usd-ebi finansdebian mxoloddamxolod kerZo wyaroebidan da saxelmwifo subsidirebis SesaZleblobebi praqtikulad ar arsebobs. elitarul momsaxureobebze orientirebuli ganaTlebis kerZo seqtorebi, rogorc wesi, moicaven qveyanaSi studentebis saerTo raodenobis 10%-ze naklebs. Caricxvis procedurebi maTSi xasiaTdebian mkacri arCeviTobiT, xolo dafinanseba xorcieldeba Sereuli tipiT - saxelmwifo da kerZo saSualebebis xarjze. aqedan gamomdinare, cameti qveynis kerZo umaRlesi ganaTlebis klasificireba miznebis mixedviT Camoyalibda Semdegnairad: wvdomis gafarToeba: bulgareTi, estoneTi, poloneTi, portugalia, rumineTi, ruseTi, ukraina.

elitaruli momsaxureobebi: avstria, germania, italia, portugalia, espaneTi, ruseTi, TurqeTi. portugalia da ruseTi rigi mizezebiT Sevidnen orive jgufSi.73

evropaSi kerZo umaRlesi ganaTlebis ganviTarebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia rigi klasikuri privatizaciuli niSani, romelTagan mTavaria alternatiuli saxelmwifo saswavlo programebis miwodeba. garda amisa, kerZo usd-ebi, rogorc wesi, warmoadgenen instituciur momsaxureobebis ufro farTo speqtrs, iseTebs, rogorebicaa:

- stipendiebis da grantebis miwodeba monawileobis gasafarToeblad;

- sazRvargareTis mimzidvel usd-ebTan studentTa gacvlis programebis organizacia;

- karieris dagegmvisa da SromiTi mowyobis samsaxurebis ganviTarebis ufro maRali done;

- studentebis uzrunvelyofa maRalxarisxiani saerTo sacxovreblebiT da sazogadoebrivi kvebis sawarmoebiT;

- kampusebSi ganviTarebuli infrastruqturis Seqmna dasvenebisa da urTierTobisTvis;

- saRamos, sakvirao da asinqronuli aratradiciuli kursebisa da programebis Seqmna momuSave studentebisaTvis. studentebis saWiroebebisadmi, Sexedulebebisadmi da sazrunavisadmi aseT gulisxmierebisa da yuradRebis gamoCenis

73 Фрид Йохен, Гласс А., Баумгартл Б. стр. 1-5

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aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom studentebi gamoxataven mzadyofnas Seicvalon swavlis adgili, Tu isini igrZnoben, rom maTi moTxovnilebebi da molodini saTanadod ar kmayofildeba. usd-ebis reqtorebis umravlesoba Tvlis, rom Caricxvis maRali done da saswavlo adgilebis moTxovnileba warmoadgenen sazogadoebrivi aRiarebis an legitimurobis miRwevis or yvelaze mniSvnelovan maCvenebels. am maCveneblebs miiCneven legitimurobis gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovan faqtorebad, radgan studentebis mozidvisa da SeCerebis unari moTxovnis TvalsaCino mtkicebulebaa, xolo moTxovnili usd-ebi sargebloben pativiscemiTa da aRiarebiT sazogadoebaSi.74

ufro metic, radgan samecniero kvlevebis produqtiuloba aris usd-ebis saxelmwifo reitingTa umravlesobis mniSvnelovani maCvenebeli, saWiroa SevafasoT, Tu ramdenad da ra saxiT moqmedeben cnobili reitingebi garkveuli tipis usd-ebis legitimurobaze. am sakiTxisadmi miZRvnili kvlevebi miuTiTeben imaze, rom reitingebi udides zegavlenas axdenen yvelaze SeZlebul studentebze, radgan swored isini arian gansakuTrebiT garkveulebi ganaTlebis xarisxis sakiTxebSi. Sesabamisad, imisaTvis, rom gavaqarwyloT araswori warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, rom momzadebis doniT kerZo usd-ebis studentebi CamorCebian saxelmwifo usd-ebs, kerZo institutebma mniSvnelovani yuradReba unda dauTmon sakuTar reitings. ufro maRali reitingi miscems maT saSualebas moizidon saukeTeso studentebi da warmatebuli konkurencia gauwion aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebul saxelmwifo universitetTa mimzidvelobas.

saqarTveloSi, zemoaRniSnuli qveynebisagan gansxvavebiT, TviT reitinguli kerZo usd-ebic ver sTavazoben studentebs momsaxurebis srulfasovan paketebs (miTumetes, kampusebs ganviTarebuli infrastruqturiT da a.S.),75 magram es xels ar uSlis Cveni qveynis reitingul kerZo usd-ebs (da ara sazogadod kerZo usd-ebs) seriozuli konkurencia gauwion saxelmwifo umaRles saswavleblebs da es ganpirobebulia, pirvel yovlisa, swavlebis xarisxiT.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac axali kerZo usd-ebi axerxeben Caricxvis dominirebadi paradigmebis daZlevasa da saukeTeso studentebis mozidvas, xSirad iqmneba daZabuloba kerZo da saxelmwifo seqtorebs Soris. misi mizezebis gageba mogvcems saSualebas gavzardoT ndobis done, romelsac saxelmwifo usd-ebi ganicdian kerZoTa mimarT. saboloo jamSi, misiebisa da momsaxureobebis diferenciaciis ganmapirobebeli faqtorebis ufro Rrma gageba xels uwyobs sazogadoebrivi ndobis ganmtkicebas. axdenen ra efeqturobisa da sicocxlisunarianobis demonstrirebas, axali kerZo usd-ebi TandaTanadobiT miaRweven aRiarebas sazogadoebrivi liderebisa da momavali studentebis

74 Гизеке Ханс К. стр. 3-5 75 TumcaRa, Tsu-s `sauniversiteto qalaqis~ ideis monaxazi damuSavebulia da 2008 wels sajarod waredgina sazogadoebas. aseve, 2010 wels, sajarod wardgenil iqna Tavisufali universitetis `codnis qalaqis~ programa.

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mxridan, romlebzecaa mniSvnelovan wilad damokidebuli maTi saerTo momavali.76

krizisul movlenebs aqvs adgili ganaTlebis msoflio sistemaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom mxolod 1960 wlidan 1980 wlamde moswavleTa raodenoba gaizarda 436,1 mln adamianidan 845,3 mln adamianamde, xolo ucodinarTa wili amis Sedegad Semcirda 44%-dan (1950 weli) 26,5%-mde (1990 weli), ver moxerxda ucodinarTa absoluturi raodenobis zrdis daZleva, garda amisa, adgili hqonda sxvadasxva problemebis gamwvavebas, romlebmac sabolood SeiZines ganaTlebis sistemuri krizisis xasiaTi. ukanasknel wlebSi msoflios qveynebis umravlesobaSi ganaTlebas, materialuri da moraluri kuTxiT, arc Tu ise saukeTeso periodi daudga. saxelmwifo mxardaWera ganuxrelad mcirdeba. am Semcirebis mizezebi da xarisxi mravalferovania. dafinansebis mkveTri Semcirebis ganmsazRvreli mizezia Rrma ekonomikuri vardna, magram aris sxva mizezebic sxvadaxva qveynebSi umaRlesi ganaTlebisadmi saxelmwifo xelisuflebis negatiur damokidebulebaSi.

amasTan, dasavleTis universitetebi wyveten sakuTar problemebs konkurenciis pirobebSi, maT Soris, saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo usd-bs Soris da afaseben ganviTarebisadmi am konkurenciiT mocemul impulss.

saxelmwifo usd-bma warmoqmna kerZoebze mniSvnelovnad ufro gvian daiwyes. kanadaSi yvela universiteti sazogadoebrivia. maT 60% afinansebs saxelmwifo, 35% Seadgens studentebis gadasaxdeli, danarCeni nawili – kerZo wyaroebidan miRebuli saxsrebia. aSS-Si mTavroba afinansebs ara universitets, aramed studentebs, ruseTSi, regionebis monawileobis gareSe, universitetTa ganviTareba da Senaxva problematuria. Tavis mxriv, es usd-gan moiTxovs amocanaTa gadaWraSi regionebis aqtiur CarTvas.77 evropuli universitetebi Tvlian, rom universitetebis dinamikuri ganviTarebisTvis saWiroa mWidro da saqmiani urTierTobebi biznesTan da gafarToebuli dafinanseba sxvadasxva wyaroebis gamoyenebiT, vfiqrob, rom es midgoma da misi realizeba efeqturi iqneba saqarTvelos usd-ebisaTvis.

Tavi IV

umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosileba da misi ganxorcielebis normatiuli

safuZvlebi §1. sajaro samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebis privatizacia.

mzardi sajaro amocanebis da saxelmwifo finansebis

deficitis gaTvaliswinebiT Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ramdenad Seswevs unari Tanamedrove socialur saxelmwifos gaumklavdes mis winaSe

76 Гизеке Ханс К. стр. 2-3 77 Гизеке Ханс К. стр.1

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mdgar amocanebs. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, kiTxva SesaZlebelia dakonkretdes Semdegnairad, xom ar aris SesaZlebeli am amocanaTa ukeTesad da, pirvel rigSi, ufro iafad Sesruleba kerZo pirebis mier?!

privatizaciis Sesaxeb diskusiis gaaqtiurebas xels uwyobs saxelmwifos finansebis mzardi deficiti. Temis garSemo gamarTul diskusiebSi xdeba problemis identifikacia amocanis matarebeli subieqtis da am amocanis Sesrulebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis dadgenaSi.78 am mimarTulebiT analizis gasagrZelebad aucilebelia, pirvel rigSi, mokled SevCerdeT ,,sajaro amocanis” cnebaze.

germanul iuridiul literaturaSiGgabatonebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, ,,saxelmwifo amocanebis” kategoriis qveS eqceva iseTi amocanebi, romelsac saxelmwifo konstituciuri wesrigis farglebSi da dasaSvebobis gaTvaliswinebiT sakuTar amocanebad miiCnevs79. aseve ,,saxelmwifo amocanad” ganixilaven iseT sakiTxebs, romelTa gadawyvetiT sazogadoeba mniSvnelovnad aris dainteresebuli80.

iuridiuli literaturis analizi cxadyofs, rom ,,sajaro amocanis” erTiani cneba ar arsebobs, aramed is ganimarteba sxvadasxva interesze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT.81

kamaTis sagania sakiTxi, unda gaimijnos Tu ara ,,saxelmwifo” da ,,sajaro” erTmaneTisgan. maSin rodesac avtorTa erTi nawili uars ambobs aseT gamijvnaze, terminis ,,sajaro” gamousadegarobis motiviT82, meore, didi nawili avtorebisa gonivrulad da saWirod miiCnevs aseT dayofas83.

Staineris mosazrebiT, ,,sajaro” gulisxmobs damoukidebel zonas saxelmwifosa da kerZos Soris, romelic Tumca scildeba kerZo sferos, magram jer kidev ar aris saxelmwifo zona.84

,,sajarosa” da ,,kerZos” urTiermimarTebis TvalsazrisiT, Superti gamoyofs Semdeg formebs: (1)saxelmwifo amocanebi SesaZlebelia iseTive warmatebiT ganxorcieldes kerZo pirebis mier, rom saxelmwifom uari Tqvas mis Sesrulebaze. (2)Tumca SesaZlebelia, sajaro interesi imdenad Zlieri iyos, rom saxelmwifom am amocanebis Sesrulebaze ganaxorcielos kontroli saxelmwifo organoebis meSveobiT an (3)Seqmnas am amocanis Sesrulebisas saxelmZRvanelo normatiuli safuZvlebi an (4)es amocanebi Seasrulos saxelmwifo organoebis meSveobiT an (5)saamisod Seqmnili da masze daqvemdebarebuli subieqtebis SeqmniT ganaxorcielos is.85

78 Hagemeister, S. 5 79 Ossenbuehl, VVDStRL 29 (1971) S. 137 ff. 80 Eckert, S. 150 81 Hagemeister, S. 82 Hagemeister, S. 16-e sqolio 83 Hagemeister, 17-e sqolio 84 Steiner, Verwaltung, S. 62. 85 Schuppert, S. 158.

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sajaro amocanis gansazRvra uSualod aris dakavSirebuli saxelmwifosa da saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas Soris gansxvavebis dadgenasTan. materialuri gamijvnis mimdevrebi amtkiceben, rom saxelmwifo amocanebi aris mocemuloba, romelic gansazRvrebadia, unda moxdes saxelmwifo da kerZo sferos mkveTri gamijvna. am mosazrebis qveS moqceuli dualizmi da Sesabamisad, amocanis cneba, Tanamedrove etapze arsebiTad aris Secvlili.

saxelmwifos qveS moiazreba sajaro-samarTlebrivad mowyobili subieqtebis (centraluri, regionaluri mmarTveloba da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba, sajaro-samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi) erToblioba, xolo ,,sazogadoeba” gulisxmobs moqalaqeebs Soris samarTlebriv wesrigs, romelsac axasiaTebs Tanasworoba, Riaoba, ideebis Tavisufali konkurencia, interesebi da mosazrebebi, iseve rogorc socialuri da ekonomikuri TviTregulireba86.

industrializaciis epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mkacri gamijvna. saxelmwifo gaigeboda, rogorc monarqebis xelSi arsebuli organizaciuli warmonaqmni, romelsac axasiaTebs iZulebis Zala, xolo sazogadoeba rogorc sivrce, romelSic dasaqmebuli moqalaqe saxelmwifos Carevis gareSe SeZlebs ganviTarebas. sanam ekonomikur-sazogadoebriv Zalebs, TviTregulirebis safuZvelze, SeuZliaT harmoniuli da samarTliani gadawyvetilebis miRweva, saxelmwifom Tavi unda Seikavos am sferosagan. is unda Seizudos wesrigis dacvis funqciiT da ekonomikas unda misces TviTfunqcionirebis SesaZlebloba.

erovnuli saxelmwifoebis Tanamedrove ganviTareba badebs kiTxvas – xom ara aqvs adgili saxelmwifos funqcionaluri daniSnulebis Secvlas da, aqedan gamomdinare, xom ar viRebT, saxelmwifos Sesustebas, ufro metic, mis gaqrobas?

Sidasaxelmwifoebriv farglebSi garkveuli saxelmwifo amocanebis kerZo seqtorisaTvis delegireba (privatizacia) warmoSobs aseTi eWvis safuZvels. Tumca es iqneboda naCqarevi daskvna, rom aRniSnuli procesi migveCnia saxelmwifo klasikuri funqciebis Secvlad. marTalia, Tanamedrove epoqaSi privatizaciis procesma iseTi mzardi xasiaTi miiRo, rom ara Tu umaRles ganaTlebas, aramed saxelmwifos iseT ZiriTad klasikur funqciasac ki Seexo, rogoricaa usafrTxoeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom usafrTxoebis sferoSi kerZo seqtoris CarTva xdeba, anu saxelmwifo axdens aRniSnuli sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebis delegirebas kerZo subieqtebze, es imas ar niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo uars ambobs Tavisi ZiriTadi funqciis Sesrulebaze. usafrTxoebis sferoSi kvlavac saxelmwifo rCeba pasuxismgebeli, magram is, Sesabamisi kontrolis uzrunvelyofiT,

86 Badura, Staatsrecht, A4

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am amocanis ganxorcielebis uflebamosilebas kerZo seqtors gadascems.87

saswavlo dawesebulebebi iqmnebian ganaTlebaSi socialuri funqciis gansaxorcieleblad, – saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebaTa gasawevad, romlebic atareben saxelmwifoebrivad mniSvnelovan xasiaTs. amrigad, usd-ebi saganmanaTleblo momsaxureobebs uweven sxvadasxva kategoriis momxmareblebs, raSic, realizdeba sajaro interesi saganmanaTleblo sferoSi.

usd-ebis mier maTze dakisrebul sajaro funqciaTa ganxorcielebaSi mniSvnelovania maTi adgilis gansazRvra sxvadasxva samarTlebriv kavSirebSi, upirveles yovlisa, saxelisuflo sajaro-samarTlebriv subieqtebTan mimarTebaSi.

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, ganurCevlad organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formisa, axorcielebs sajaro-samarTlebriv uflebamosilebas88.

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusi ganisazRvreba, rogorc misi komponentebis (uflebebis, valdebulebebis, kompetenciisa da pasuxismgeblobis) nakrebi sistema.

usd-ebis, rogorc administraciul-samarTlebrivi subieqtebis, Tavisebureba dgindeba maTi damfuZneblis bunebiT. misi statusi Tavdapirvelad gansazRvravs administraciul- samarTlebriv urTierTobaTa moculobasa da xasiaTs.

amave dros, administraciuli samarTlis kuTxiT, mniSvnelovania usd-s administraciul samarTalurTerTobaTa daxasiaTeba, romelic moqmedebs garkveuli miznebis realizaciisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formiT.

sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebis privatizacia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxa formiT89:

1. formaluri privatizacia formaluri privatizaciis SemTxvevaSi sajaro amocana isev

saxelmwifos mier xorcieldeba, Tumca is amisaTvis qmnis kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs. amocanis xarisxi, rogorc ,,sajaro” da misi sajaro mmarTvelobis organosadmi mikuTvneba SenarCunebulia, Tumca es ukanaskneli iRebs (organizaciuli mowyobis) kerZo samarTlebriv formas90.

formaluri privatizaciis SemTxvevaa mosaxleobis wyliT, gaziT da eleqtroenergiiT momarageba saxelmwifos mier saaqcio sazogadoebebis, Tu SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebebis Seqmnis gziT.

formaluri privatizaciis SemTxveva unda gavmijnoT saxelmwifos wminda samewarmeo saqmianobisagan. Tu saxelmwifo

87 izoria l., gv. 125-127. 88 umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqcia ganxilulia naSromis me-3 TavSi. 89 avtorTa koleqtivi, gv. 368-371 90formaluri privatizacia iwodeba aseve, rogorc ,,organizaciuli privatizacia”, ix. Ipsen, 85.

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moqmedebs, rogorc ,,mewarme” da misi mizania mogebis miReba, is moqmedebs kerZo samarTlis normebis safuZvelze, rogorc nebismieri kerZo piri. iseTi saqmianoba eqceva aRniSnuli institutis qveS, romelic mimarTuli sajaro amocanebis Sesrulebisaken.

2. funqciuri privatizacia funqciuri privatizaciis dros, konkretuli saqmianoba

saxelmwifos funqciad rCeba, xolo misi Sesruleba xdeba kerZo pirebis mier saxelmwifos mier gacemuli dakveTis safuZvelze. gansxvavebiT formaluri privatizaciisagan, sajaro funqcia xorcieldeba ara mmarTvelobis organos mier, aramed damoukidebeli kerZo piris mier.91

3. materialuri privatizacia materialuri privatizaciis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo

Tavisufldeba sajaro amocanisgan da gadascems mas kerZo seqtors. am SemTxvevaSi garkveuli saqmianoba kargavs ,,sajaro funqciis” statuss. privatizaciis es forma SesaZlebels xdis Semcirdes saxelmwifos funqciebi da moxdes sajaro mmarTvelobis organoebis gantvirTva.92

amrigad, aRniSnuli procesi ar gulisxmobs saxelmwifos mTavari funqcionaluri daniSnulebis cvlilebas. Tanamedrove saxelmwifo aRar aris yvela sajaro amocanis uSualo ganmaxorcielebeli. is uzrunvelyofs mxolod aucilebels, Semoifargleba formaluri pirobebis gansazRvriT – regulirebiT. icvleba saxelmwifo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis formebi da moculoba, xolo funqciebi ucvleli rCeba.93 $ 2. umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosileba da misi ganxorcielebis samarTlebrivi formebi 2.1. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sajaro funqcia.

ganaTlebis funqciebis94 gaTvaliswinebiT, umaRlesi ganaTleba iZens sajaro funqciis statuss. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, gabatonebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad95 saxelmwifos funqciaa umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofa, is valdebulia mosaxleobis gadasaxadebidan Semosuli Tanxebidan (biujeti) srulad an nawilobriv daafinansos swavleba da kvleva.

me-20 saukunis 80-ani wlebis dasawyisidan did industriul saxelmwifoebSi intensiurad mimdinareobs saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikur sferoSi aqtiurobis Senelebis procesi, rac xorcieldeba saxelmwifo sawarmoebis kerZo pirebisaTvis miyidviT(privatizacia) an kerZo seqtorSi saxelmwifo maregulirebeli normebis SemcirebiT(deregulacia). saxelmwifoebSi SedarebiT didi kerZo seqtoriT, rogoricaa aSS – adgili aqvs deregulaciis process, xolo saxelmwifoebSi, sadac

91 Ipsen, 85. 92 Ipsen, 86. 93 Mueller/Wright, The State in Westen Europe. Retreat or Redefinition, 1994. 94 funqciebi dawvrilebiT ixileT naSromis pirvel TavSi. 95 Woll, 337

77

maRalia saxelmwifo sawarmoebis ricxvi, rogoricaa didi britaneTi, aqtualuria privatizaciis procesi.

aRniSnuli procesi aqtualurs xdis diskusias umaRlesi sawavleblebis privatizaciasa da deregulirebasTan dakavSirebiT. Tanamedrove universitetis arsebiTi niSania arsebuli codnis gadacema (swavleba) da axali codnis miReba(kvleva). germanuli tradiciuli ganaTlebis sistemisaTvis, romelic humboldtis saxels ukavSirdeba mniSvnelovania pricipi, rom swavlebisa da kvlevis erTianoba ara marto institucionalurad, aramed personalurad unda iyos garantirebuli. pedagogi imavdroulad unda iyos mkvlevari da piriqiT. es midgoma warmoSobs problemas, romelic Znelad gadasawyvetia: umaRlesi ganaTlebis produqti – swavleba – warmoadgens sabazro brunvis sagans, rac ar SeiZleba iTqvas kvlevaze. samecniero kvleva, mxedvelobaSi Tu ar miviRebT gamoyenebiT kvlevas, ar SeiZleba gaxdes sabazro urTierTobis sagani.96

umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebas, rogorc nebismier sxva iuridiul pirs, miniWebuli aqvs uflebebisa da valdebulebebis `zogadi~ nakrebi. magram saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba unda awarmoon specialuri samarTlebrivi statusis mqone iuridiulma pirebma, romelic unda aRniSnavdes mocemul pirs, rogorc specialuri regulirebis subieqts, Tanac aseTi iuridiuli piris samarTalsubieqturoba ganisazRvreba ara marto da ara imdenad samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis zogadi normebiT, ramdenadac, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis specialuri normebiT. usd-s subieqturi maxasiaTeblebis administraciul-samarTlebriv gansazRvrebaSi mniSvnelovani zegavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos maTi administraciuli samarTalsubieqturobis Sinaarsis gamJRavnebam, agreTve, umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebebis calkeul saxeTa statusebma.

amJamad usd-ebis struqtura garTulebulia. sajaroebisa da kerZos garda, mecnierebisa da teqnikis axal mimarTulebaTa ganviTareba gansazRvravs midgomas sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi maxasiaTeblebis mqone usd-ebis agebaSi.

mecnier-iuristi, saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoriis cnobili specialisti n.i. matuzovi samarTlianad aRniSnavda: `TavisTavad cxadia, rom specialuri, individualuri da yvela sxva statusi ar SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes zogad (konstituciur) statuss. piriqiT, isini unda Seesabamebodnen mas rogorc sabazos, pirvelads, sawyiss~97.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis modernizacia ganisazRvreba, pirvel rigSi, socialur momsaxurebaTa meqanizmis srulyofis aucileblobiT, socialuri, maT Soris, saganmanaTleblo sferos, organizaciebis sistemis mkafio muSaobaSi saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis moTxovnilebiT.

96 Woll, 338, Schroeder, 133f. Becker, DVBl 97 Матузова М.И., Малько А.В. – с. 269

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usd-ebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, warmoadgenen socialur institutTa sistemis elements, rac gulisxmobs gansakuTrebul midgomas maTi samarTlebrivi statusisadmi da, upirveles yovlisa, administraciul sferoSi. amave dros, samecniero kvlevebSi arsebuli usd-s cnebebi, maT Soris, arasaxelmwifo usd-si, Semofarglulni arian normatiuli formulirebis CarCoebiT, ar asaxaven umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebis, e.i. rogorc administraciul samarTalurTierTobaTa monawileebis (subieqtebis) sajaro Tvisebebs.

administraciuli samarTlis mecnierebasa da administraciuli kanonmdeblobis doneze aucilebelia ganvsazRvroT usd-ebis adgili da roli administraciul samarTalurTierTobebSi, gavmijnoT maTi funqcionirebis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi da administraciul-samarTlebrivi sfero, romelic ganisazRvreba maTi samarTlebrivi statusis SinaarsiTa da moculobiT. usd-ebis, rogorc ganaTlebis sferoSi urTierTobaTa monawileebis, daxasiaTebis erT-erT aspeqts warmoadgens maTi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis samarTlebrivi regulireba. is iZnes gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas, gansakuTrebiT, usd-s reformirebis procesebTan dakavSirebiT. usd-ebis saqmianobis efeqturoba pirdapiraa damokidebuli mkafio samarTlebriv regulirebaze.

amJamad kanonmdebloba ar Seicavs umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebis, rogorc administraciul-samarTlebriv urTierTobaTa subieqtebis, gansazRvris mkafio samarTlebriv koncefcias. amitom saWiroa SemuSavdes Tanamedrove warmodgena usd-s, rogorc administraciul samarTalurTierTobaTa subieqtis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis a) punqtSi mocemulia administraciuli organos definicia: `administraciuli organo – yvela saxelmwifo an adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organo an dawesebuleba, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri (garda politikuri da religiuri gaerTianebebisa), agreTve nebismieri sxva piri, romelic saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze asrulebs sajaro samarTlebriv uflebamosilebebs~.

administraciuli organos cnebis legaluri definiciis meore nawili, administraciuli organos funqcionaluri gageba aerTianebs im fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, romlebic ar arian saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoTa sistemis subieqtebi, magram kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze axorcieleben sajaro-samarTlebriv uflebamosilebebs. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba `asrulebs sajaro samarTlebriv uflebamosilebebs~, is eqceva administraciuli organos legaluri definiciis qveS.98

98 turava p, wkeplaZe n, 2005, gv. 16-17.

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2.2. sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis samarTlebrivi formebi.

sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba moiTxovs subieqtis organizaciuli mowyobisa da saqmianobis samarTlebrivi formebis gansazRvras. iuridiul literaturaSi xdeba oTxi SemTxvevis gamoyofa99:

1. sajaro samarTlebrivi organizaciuli formiT mowyobili administraciuli organo moqmedebs sajarosamarTlebrivi saqmianobis formis gamoyenebiT.

es aris tipiuri SemTxvevebi mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis sferoSi, saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoebi (saministroebi, saqveuwyebo dawesebulebebi), sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi (maT Soris ssip universiteti) axorcieleben misTvis kanoniT miniWebul uflebamosilebas.

2. sajaro samarTlebrivi organizaciuli formiT mowyobili administraciuli organo moqmedebs kerZo samarTlis formiT.

am SemTxvevaSi subieqts aqvs organizaciuli mowyobis sajaro-samarTlebrivi forma (mmarTvelobis organo an sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri) da is sakuTari uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis mizniT iyenebs kerZo samarTlebriv formebs. samarTlis sistemis dayofa kerZo da sajaro samarTlad da administraciuli samarTlis administraciis specialur samarTlad miCneva, ar gulisxmobs administraciuli organos mxridan kerZo samarTlis instrumentebis gamoyenebis akrZalvas. organizaciuli mowyobis sajaro-samarTlebrivi formis mqone subieqtis mier saqmianobis kerZo-samarTlebrivi formis gamoyenebis SemTxveva SeiZleba davyoT sam kategoriad:

a) sajaro amocanebis uSualo ganxorcieleba kerZosamarTlebrivi formiT warmoadgens e.w. `administraciul kerZo samarTals100~. es ucnauri saxelwodeba ganpirobebulia im specifikiT, romelic axasiaTebs saqmianobis am sferos. sajaro uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis mizani moiTxovs sajaro-samarTlebrivad mowyobil sistemas, kerZod sajaro mmarTvelobis specifikur kerZo samarTals. administraciuli kerZo samarTlis aucilebloba gamowveulia saxelmwifos mzard rolSi Seqmnas arsebobis minimaluri pirobebi.

b) sajaro amocanebis kerZosamarTlebrivi formiT ganxorcielebis danarCeni ori kategoria imiT gansxvavdeba pirvelisagan, rom isini, rogorc wesi yovelTvis mxolod kerZosamarTlebrivi formiT xorcieldeba.

3. kerZo samarTlebrivi formiT mowyobli sajaro mmarTveloba moqmedebs kerZosamarTlebrivi formis gamoyenebiT.

99 Sulce S, Smit-iusteni n, turava p, gv. 36.; turava p, wkeplaZe n, 2010, gv. 17-19. 100 Ipsen, 64. hans iulius volfis mier damkvidrebulma terminma myarad daimkvidra adgili Tanamedrove administraciuli samarTlis mecnierebaSi.

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mesame jgufi aerTianebs im SemTxvevebs, rodesac sajaro mmarTveloba iyenebs rogorc organizaciuli mowyobis, aseve saqmianobis kerZosamarTlebriv formebs.

4. kerZosamarTlebrivi formiT mowyobili sajaro mmarTveloba moqmedebs sajarosamarTlebrivi formiT

kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi ar arian uflebamosili gamoiyenon saqmianobis sajaro-samarTlebrivi formebi. miuxedavad am zogadi principisa saxelmwifos SeuZlia Seqmnas kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri da aRWurvos is sajaro-samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebebiT. es aris sajaro uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis erT-erTi forma, romelic xorcieldeba kanonis Sesabamisad an safuZvelze zustad gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi.101

es daSveba gamomdinareobs mmarTvelobis ekonomiurobis principidan. mmarTvelobiTi uflebamosilebebiT kerZo pirebis aRWurva xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac raime saqmianobis ganxorcieleba moiTxovs specialur codnas da am mizniT Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoebis Seqmna did finansur danaxarjebTan iqneboda dakavSirebuli maSin, rodesac kerZo pirebs misi Sesruleba imave xarisxiT da, amasTan, naklebi danaxarjebiT SeuZliaT. mag. avtomanqanis teqnikuri daTvalierebis samsaxuri, ukanonod gaCerebuli avtomanqanebis sajarimo sadgomze gadamyvani firmebi, sahaero navigacia da a.S.

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom subieqtis organizaciuli mowyobis forma ar gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas umaRlesi ganaTleba miviCnioT an ar miviCnioT sajaro-samarTlebriv funqciad. kerZo da sajaro subieqtebis samarTlebrivi modelis agebaSi dargobrivi dayofa ar SeiZleba gansazRvrul iqnes erTmniSvnelovnad. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Tu funqcionirebis gansazRvrul momentSi sajaro samarTlis subieqti Tavsdeba sajaro samarTlis velSi, maSin sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa fonis Secvlisas, romelTa monawilea is, xdeba regulirebis simZimis centris gadaadgileba kerZo samarTlis reJimis mxarisken.

§3. usd-s saqmianobis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saqmianobis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi mainc gamijnulia, kanonmdebloba sajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pir umaRles saganmanTleblo dawesebulebebTan dakavSirebiT garkveulwilad aris saerTo, aseve garkveul komponentebSi gamijnulia.

upirvelesad xazgasasmelia saqarTvelos kanoni `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~: `es kanoni awesrigebs saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis saganmanaTleblo da samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobis ganxorcielebis process, umaRlesi ganaTlebis marTvisa da dafinansebis principebsa da wess, adgens umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafuZnebis,

101 Sulce S., Smit-iusteni n., turava p., gv. 36.

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saqmianobis, reorganizaciisa da likvidaciis wess, aseve avtorizaciisa da akreditaciis principebs~102. TumcaRa am kanonidan garkveuli samarTlis normebi vrceldeba yvela usd-ze, garkveulTan dakavSirebiT iyofa sajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirTa farglebi, ris Sesaxebac ufro dawvrilebiT mogaxsenebT naSromis Semdgom TavebSi.

saqarTvelos kanoni `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb~, saxelwodeba migvaniSnebs, rom usd-ebTan dakavSirebiT, is vrceldeba b,unebrivia, sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pir umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaze. am umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis farglebSi xazgasasmelia: `saqmianoba, romelic saWiroebs Tanxmobas:

`1. saxelmwifo qonebis safuZvelze Seqmnilma sajaro samarTlis iuridiulma pirma saxelmwifo kontrolis ganmaxorcielebeli organos TanaxmobiT SeiZleba ganaxorcielos Semdegi qmedebebi:

a) uZravi qonebis SeZena, gasxviseba da datvirTva; b) sesxis aReba; g) Tavdeboba; d) saStato ganrigisa da xelfasis fondis gansazRvra e) sxva gadawyvetilebebi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris qonebasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu isini scildeba Cveulebrivi saqmianobis farglebs.~103 rigi konkretuli sakiTxebi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli

pir umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebasTan mimarTebaSi mowesrigebulia saqarTvelos kanoniT ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~.

saqarTvelos kanonis - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Sesabamisad, `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi am kanonis Sesabamisi marTvis orgnoebis pirveli arCevidan ara ugvianes 6 Tvisa saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros dasamtkiceblad warudgenen am kanonis Sesabamis axal wesdebebs~104.

Tu Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis magaliTze vimsjelebT, xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom reglamentis mixedviT wesdebis damtkiceba TiTqmis 1 welze meti vadiT amovarda samarTlebrivi konteqstidan da damtkicebul iqna saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2008 wlis 29 maisis # 490 brZanebiT.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdeba àwesrigebs ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis (SemdgomSi universiteti) saganmanaTleblo da samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobis ganxorcielebis process, universitetis marTvisa da dafinansebis principebsa da wesebs~105. TumcaRa xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom aRniSnuli wesdeba

102 sk ugS - muxli 1 103 sk ssipS - muxli 12. 104 sk ugS - muxli 87, punqti 4 . 105 Tsu-s wesdeba - Tavi I. zogadi debulebani. muxli 1. 2008 w.

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kvaldakval mihyveboda saqarTvelos kanons ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris, 2008 wlis 27 noembris, # 1042-e brZanebiT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdebaSi cvlilebebis Setanamde. saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ gansazRvrulia: `fakultetis warmomadgenlobiTi organoa fakultetis sabWo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis fakultetis akademiuri personalis yvela wevri da studentTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebi, an umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wesdebiT dadgenili wesiT, akademiuri personalisa da studentTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCeuli warmomadgenlebi~106. faqtiurad igives analogi iyo Tsu-s wesdebaSi warmodgenili gansazRvrebac. cvlilebamde kanonis SeTavazebiT: àn umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wesdebiT dadgenili wesiT~107 Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets ar usargeblia. cvlilebebis Setanis Semdeg, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris, 2008 wlis 27 noembris, # 1042 brZanebiT wesdebis 27-e muxlis me-5 punqti Camoyalibda Semdgi saxiT: `fakultetis warmomadgenlobiTi organoa fakultetis sabWo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis fakultetze arsebuli programuli mimarTulebebidan warmomadgenlobis safuZvelze arCeuli akademiuri personali da studentTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebi.~108

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdebis 39-e muxls daemata Semdegi redaqciis me-3 punqti: `fakultetis sabWos formirebasTan dakavSirebuli proceduruli sakiTxebi regulirdeba akademiuri sabWos dadgenilebiT, romelsac amtkicebs warmomadgenlobiTi sabWo~109 (manamde wesdebis aRniSnuli muxli warmodgenili iyo ori punqtiT).

aseve cvlileba Sevida Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdebis 51-e muxlis pirvel punqtSi, romelic Camoyalibda Semdegi redaqciiT: ùniversitetis administraciul Tanamdebobebs miekuTvneba: reqtori, administraciis xelmZRvaneli da misi moadgile, fakultetebis dekanebi da maTi moadgileebi (aseTis/aseTebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi), universitetisa da fakultetebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris ufrosebi~110. riTac am muxlis Tanaxmad, administraciul Tanamdebobebs daemata saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Setanili cvlilebebis Sesabamisad umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisa da fakultetebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris ufrosebi. TumcaRa, aqve xazi unda gaesvas erT garemoebas, saqarTvelos kanonSi - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Camoyalibebulia: ùmaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi administraciul Tanamdebobebs miekuTvneba: reqtori, administraciis xelmZRvaneli, fakultetis dekani da maTi

106 sk ugS - muxli 27. punqti 2 107 Tsu-s wesdeba - muxli 39. punqti 1. 2008 w. 108 Tsu-s wesdeba - 27-e muxli. me-5 punqti. 2008 w. 109 Tsu-s wesdeba - muxli 39. punqti 3. 2008 w. 110 Tsu-s wesdeba - muxli 51 punqti 1. 2008 w.

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moadgileebi, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisa da fakultetis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris ufrosebi~111. rac TvalnaTliv migvaniSnebs, rom reqtoris moadgileebic miekuTvnebian administraciul Tanamdebobis pirebs (garkveul etapze aseTis ararsebobis SemTxveva, bunebrivia, am midgomas ar cvlis). wesdebis moyvanil punqtSi ki kanonisagan gansxvavebiT, `reqtori, administraciis xelmZRvaneli da misi moadgile....~ da a.S. ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSi wesdeba SeusabamobaSi modis saqarTvelos kanonTan ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ (e.i. cvlileba misadagebulia mxolod konkretul realobas).

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis normatiuli safuZvlebi bunebrivia ar Semoifargleba mxolod saqarTvelos kanoniT - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ da misi marTva regulirdeba Sesabamisad sxvadasxva kanonebis farglebSi, magaliTad, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis menejmentis srulfasovan ganxorcielebas ramdenime kanoni aregulirebs, am SemTxvevaSi Cven gverds ver auvliT saqarTvelos kanonebs - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, `saqarTvelos sabiujeto sistemebis Sesaxeb~, `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb~, `saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos finansTa ministris rig brZanebebs da sxva samarTlebriv aqtebs. maT misadagebaze konkretul saqmianobasTan sxvadasxva TavebSi gveqneba saubari.

saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ me-18 muxliT gansazRvrulia usd-saTvis eTikis kodeqsis, Sinaganawesisa da disciplinaruli pasuxismgeblobis normebis SemuSaveba da damtkiceba. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis magaliTis mixedviT, Sinaganawesisa da disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis normebis miznebia:

`sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis (SemdgomSi – Tsu) Sinaganawesi da disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis normebi gansazRvravs Tsu-s Sromis ganawess, disciplinuri pasuximgeblobis zomebs da miznad isaxavs:

a) Sromis disciplinis dacvis uzrunvelyofas; b) Tsu-sa da masSi dasaqmebul personals Soris samsaxuris ganxorcielebaTan dakavSirebuli urTierTobebis mowesrigebas saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT; g) personalis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis ganxorcielebis xelSewyobas; d) Sromis samarTlian anazRaurebas; e) personalisaTvis samuSaos usafrTxo da jansaRi pirobebis Seqmnas; v) personalisa da mesame pirebis urTierTobisas adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis, kanonieri interesebis gamoxatvasa da dacvas;

111 sk ugS - muxli 40. punqti 1.

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z) samsaxurSi eTikuri normebis dacvis uzrunvelyofas.~112 Tsu-s eTikis kodeqsi gankuTvnilia universitetis personalis (akademiuri, administraciuli da damxmare), maswavleblebisa da studentebisaTvis: ìgi sauniversiteto Rirebulebebis, kanonmdeblobisa da sxva normatiuli aqtebis Sesabmisad, adgens akademiuri, administraciuli, damxmare personalis, maswavleblebisa da studenturi kontigentis qcevis normebs, maT Soris wamoWrili eTikuri problemebis mogvarebis SesaZlo gzebs~.113

Tavi V.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebis saxelmwifo meqanizmebi.

§ 1. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis marTva - saxelmwifo

organoebis uflebamosilebebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi

saqarTvelos kanonis - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ me-5; me-6, me-7; me-8 muxlebi gansazRvravs saqarTvelos parlamentisa da mTavrobis uflebamosilebebs umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi. es uflebamosilebebi saqarTvelos parlamentis farglebSi me-5 muxlis a) punqtis Sesabamisad `gansazRvravs umaRlesi ganaTlebis politikisa da marTvis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs da iRebs Sesabamis sakanonmdeblo aqtebs~, aseve periodulad ismens saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros angariSs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. TumcaRa, sxva qveynebisagan gansxvavebiT, mis pirdapir daqvemdebarebaSi ar gaxlavT arcerTi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, rogorc es aris Tundac did britaneTSi, oqsfordis universitetis saxiT, magram didi tradiciebis mqone usd-sadmi identuri midgomis ganxilva SesaZlebelia, miTumetes, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdebis preambulaSi weria: ìvane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti mravalsaukunovani qarTuli kulturis, humanisturi tradiciebis, gelaTisa da iyalTos akademiebis sulieri da inteleqtualuri memkvidrea. universitetis avtonomiuri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo da samecniero-kvleviTi dawesebulebaa~114. saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ me-6 muxli mkafiod gansazRvravs saqarTvelos mTavrobis uflebamosilebebs umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemaSi, romlis mixedviTac saqarTvelos mTavroba àxorcielebs saxelmwifo

112 Tsu-s Sinaganawesi da disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis normebi. Tavi I, muxli 1. 113 Tsu-s eTikis kodeqsi. muxli 2, punqti 2.1. 114 Tsu-s wesdeba - 2008 w.

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politikas umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi~115, rac gamoxatulebas poulobs saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros wardginebiT, sajaro da kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli pirebis dafuZnebaSi, usd-s statusis mopovebis mizniT. saxelmwifo-saswavlo grantis odenobis gansazRvraSi da a.S. xazgasasmelia, rom gamocdebis erovnuli centrisa da ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centris (amJamad ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centri) direqtorebis daniSvnis uflebamosileba, romelsac `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, axorcielebda saqarTvelos premier-ministri (saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros wardginebis safuZvelze)116, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT, gadaeca saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa saministros aRniSnuli sakiTxis premier-ministrTan SeTanxmebiT.117 mravalferovania umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros uflebamosilebaTa speqtri, romlis ufro detalur asaxvas calkeul TavebTan dakavSirebiT konkretul sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi warmovaCenT.

§ 2. erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis reformis yvelaze efeqtur Sedegad SesaZlebelia, upirveles yovlisa, erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi miviCnioT: `... procedura, romelic adgens abiturientis mzaobas umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programis asaTviseblad~.118 `gamocdebis erovnuli centri aris sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, romelic uzrunvelyofs erTiani erovnuli da saerTo samagistro gamocdebis Catarebas, agreTve axorcielebs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil sxva uflebamosilebebs.~119 saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ safuZvelze: `gamocdebis erovnuli centris mier Catarebuli erTiani erovnuli gamocdis Sedegebi savaldebuloa yvela umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisaTvis da umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad saqarTvelos moqalaqeze an rezidentze saxelmwifo saswavlo grantis gacemis safuZvelia. erTian erovnul gamocdaSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba aqvs yvela msurvels, romelic warmoadgens sruli zogadi ganaTlebis damadasturebel saxelmwifo dokuments~.120 erovnul gamocdebSi monawileoben abiturientebi, ganurCevlad imisa, maTi arCevani sajaro Tu kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebia. SeRavaTian reJimSi xvdebian mxolod ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi.

115 sk ugS - muxli 6, punqti a. 116 sk ugS - muxli 6, punqti 2. 117 sk ugS - muxli 7, punqti d1, saqarTvelos kanoni ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb muxli 3, punqti 2. 118 sk ugS muxli 2, punqti f. 119 sk ugS muxli 51, punqti 1 120 sk ugS - muxli 51. punqti 4.

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ar SeiZleba xazi ar gaesvas im garemoebas, rom erovnuli gamocdebis centralizebulad Catarebam, ara mxolod daangria misaRebi gamocdebis Catarebis Zveli sabWouri modeli, aramed xeli Seuwyo am sistemaSi damkvidrebuli korufciis aRmofxvras. TumcaRa SemdgomSi Tavi iCina sxva problemam. rodesac erovnul gamocdebSi CaWrili bavSvebi kanondarRveviT xdebodnen iseTi saswavleblis studentebi, romelTac akreditacia gavlili ara hqondaT, ra Tqma unda, amgvar saswavlebels SecdomaSi Seyavda abiturientebi da mSoblebi. xazgasasmelia, rom studentebis SecdomaSi Seyvanis araerT faqts hqonda adgili Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis qvemo qarTlis yofil filialSi, sadac filialis xelmZRvanelobis mier ganxorcielda erovnul gamocdebSi CaWrili abiturientebis Caricxva, da es maSin, rodesac saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Tanaxmad `gamocdebis erovnuli centri adgens erovnul gamocdebgavlil im abiturientTa siebs, romlebmac ufleba moipoves, iswavlon umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis fakultetze bakalavriatis, diplomirebuli medikosis/ stomatologis/ veterinaris saganmanaTleblo programiT, da maT ugzavnis Sesabamis fakultetebs.~121 ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom zemoT dasaxelebuli gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis umniSvnelovanesi garantiaa saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Setanili cvlileba ukanono saganmanaTleblo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis safuZvelzec 1921 muxli Semdegi saxiT Camoyalibda: `1. saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba avtorizaciis gareSe, anda avtorizaciis pirobebis darRveviT, ramac mniSvnelovani ziani gamoiwvia ar rasac axlda didi odenobiT Semosavlis miReba, - isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT erTidan sam wlamde. 2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili: a) jgufurad; b) araerTgzis; g) aseTi danaSaulisaTvis msjavrdebulis mier, - isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT samidan xuT wlamde. SeniSvna: am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebebisaTvis iuridiuli piri isjeba jarimiT, avtorizaciis gauqmebiT an likvidaciiT da jarimiT.~122

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris Sesabamisi brZanebiT, saqarTveloSi dislocirebuli yvela umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba Rebulobs Caricxuli kontigentis siebs, ris safuZvelze, Semdgom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis reqtoris mier xdeba individualuri administraciuli aqtis gamocema, studentTa

121 sk ugS - muxli 52 9 punqti 9. 122 sssk muxli 1921

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kontigentis Caricxvis Taobaze (Tsu-s magaliTze, administraciul aqtSi moxvedramde students gavlili unda hqondes administraciuli registracia). xazgasasmelia, rom mxolod 2007-2008 da 2008-2009 saswavlo wlis farglebSi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi Cairicxa 5000-ze meti abiturienti. maT Soris 80%-mde grantosani (ranJirebis mixedviT). saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi ganxorcielebul reformebs bevr dadebiTTan erTad, garkveulwilad, hqonda uaryofiTi momentebic. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis magaliTze, studentTa garkveul nawils, romlebic erovnul gamocdebamde Cairicxnen, hqondaT pretenziebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom maT erovnul gamocdebamde, Caabares sul sxva specialobebze, rac iyo maTi arCevani, am farglebSi gaformda maTi xelSekrulebebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetTan, damTavrebisas ki sTavazobdnen im specialobaTa diplomebs, rac Tavis droze maTi arCevani ar yofila, es exeboda ZiriTadad zusti da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa fakultetis biologiis mimarTulebis damamTavrebeli kursebis studentTa moTxovnas, specialobebis - biofarmakologia-farmacia, biologiuri eqspertiza da diagnostika, toqsikologia, cocxali bunebis dacva da sxva. TumcaRa sabolood gadawyda, rom studentebs Zveli wesiT mieniWebodaT bakalavris akademiuri xarisxi, romelic moqmedebda saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZanebis `saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis bakalavriatis specialobaTa CamonaTvalis Sesaxeb~ ZalaSi Sesvlamde123. xazgasasmelia, rom 2009-2010 saswavlo wels, gamocdebis erovnuli centris mier organizebul iqna saerTo samagistro gamocdebi. saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb Sesabamisad: `gamocdebis erovnuli centris mier Catarebuli saerTo samagistro gamocdis Sedegebi savaldebuloa sajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebisTvis – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisTvis~.124

amave dros: `saerTo samagistro gamocdebSi monawileobis ufleba aqvs yvela msurvels, romelic waradgens kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT gacemul umaRlesi ganaTlebis akademiuri xarisxis damadaturebel dokuments~.125 warmodgena usd-is prestiJulobis Sesaxeb, xSirad ganisazRvreba masSi mowyobili studentebis doniT da ara kursdamTavrebulTa doniT, romlebsac is `awarmoebs~. es niSnavs imas, rom universitetebis aRiareba damokidebulia ara marto swavlebis Sedegebze: Tu usd-Si ewyobian `xarisxiani~ abiturientebi, maSin, ZiriTadad, am abiturientebidan gamovlen `xarisxiani~ kursdamTavrebulebi. es mtkicebuleba xazs usvams xarisxis Sesaxeb warmodgenis SefardebiT xasiaTs: is SeiZleba gaxdes yvela usd-s niSani - im usd-sac, romlebic miiswrafvian

123 saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZaneba, 2005 w. 124 sk ugS - muxli 51 punqti 5. 125 sk ugS - muxli 51 punqti 6.

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srulyofisken, im usd-sac, romlebic orientirebulni arian xelmisawvdomobaze da im usd-sac, romlebmac axali niSa ipoves bazarze. sinamdvileSi, universitetebi warmatebulni arian zustad imdenad, ramdenadac warmatebulni arian maTi studentebi - magram ara mowyobis momentSi, aramed damTavrebis momentSi. àmrigad, mowyobis procedurebi arcTu iSviaTad warmoadgenen xarisxis maCvenebels. garda amisa, Caricxvis Tanamedrove praqtikosebi xSirad aZliereben socialur da akademiur usamarTlobas. materialurad uzrunvelyofili studentebi yvelaze xSirad ikaveben ufaso saswavlo adgilebs saxelmwifo universitetSi, xolo SedarebiT xelmokle studentebs uxdebaT srulad gadaixadon TavianTi swavlebis safasuri kerZo usd-ebSi (Tu maT principSi, SeuZliaT darTon amis neba sakuTar Tavs). aseTi praqtika ewinaaRmdegeba boloniis procesis mizans uzrunvelyon "xarisxian ganaTlebasTan wvdomis sayovelTao Tanasworoba"126

§ 3 umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis avtorizacia da akreditacia

saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ safuZvelze, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro à) atarebs erTian politikas umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi~.127 Tavdapirvelad, aRniSnuli kanonis mixedviT, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro ganaTlebis sferoSi axorcielebda ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis licenzirebas da salicenzio pirobebis Sesrulebaze kontrols kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT~128. amave kanonis ganmartebiT, axaldafuZnebuli licenzirebuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba eqvemdebareboda àkreditacias misi saqmianobis dawyebidan 4 wlis Semdeg~129. axaldafuZnebulad ki iTvleboda licenzirebuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba saqmianobis dawyebidan 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebis procesi grZeldeba, ramac ganapiroba licenzirebisa da instituciuri akreditaciis gauqmeba da mis nacvlad avtorizaciis sistemis SemoReba da erTiani akreditaciis principis gansazRvra. 2010 wlis seqtembris mdgomareobiT,…saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT, gansazRvrulia avtorizaciis definicia, romlis vada 5 welia: àvtorizacia – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis procedura, romlis mizania saxelmwifos mier aRiarebuli ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumentis gasacemad

126 Фрид Йохен, Гласс Анна, Баумгартл Бернд стр. 3 127 sk ugS - muxli7. punqti 1 128 sk ugS - muxli 7. punqti e. 129 sk ugS - 661 muxli. punqti 1

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Sesabamisi saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli standartebis dakmayofilebis uzrunvelyofa~.130

saqarTveloSi moqmedi akreditaciis sistemis Sesabamisad, Tu usd ver gaivlida akreditacias, saxelmwifo mis mier gacemul diplomebs ar cnobda. araakreditebul usd-ebs imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom akreditaciiT dadgenil pirobebs ver akmayofilebdnen, mxolod licenzia gaaCndaT. amasTan, arc erTian sagamocdo sistemaSi ar iyvnen CarTulebi. avtorizaciis institutis SemoRebis farglebSi, araakreditebul, magram licenzirebul usd-ebs eZlevaT avtorizaciis gavlis SesaZlebloba. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris ganmartebiT: `saxelmwifo sTavazobs 200 saswavlebels, romlebic amJamad CrdilSi imyofeba, gaiaros avtorizacia, raTa daculi iyos studentis uflebebi da ar gaCndes eWvi, moxdeba Tu ara maTi diplomebis aRiareba.~131

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, `2010 wlis 1 seqtembramde licenzirebul umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi Caricxul pirebze vrceldeba 2010 wlis 1 seqtembramde moqmedi samarTlebrivi reJimi~.132 aseve, `licenzirebuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mier avtorizaciis gavlis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi ar vrceldeba am dawesebulebaSi avtorizaciis gavlamde Caricxul pirebze~.133

saqarTvelos kanonma ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ gansazRvra, rom `2. avtorizaciis standartebia:

a) saganmanaTleblo programebi; b) materialuri resursi; g) adamianuri resursi.~134 saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~

Setanili cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, akreditaciis gansazRvreba Camoyalibda Semdegi saxiT: àkreditacia - akreditaciis standartebTan umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saganmanaTleblo programis Sesabamisobis gansazRvris procedura, romlis mizania ganaTlebis xarisxis asamaRleblad sistematuri TviTSefasebis damkvidreba da xarisxis uzrunvelyofis meqanizmebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da romelTanac dakavSirebulia saxelmwifo dafinansebis miReba, aseve, am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli zogierTi saganmanaTleblo programis ganxorcieleba~.135

akreditacia nebayoflobiTia da swavlebis maRali xarisxis dones adasturebs. amasTan, mas ukavSirdeba saswavlo grantisa da saxelmwifo saswavlo samagistro grantis gacema.

`patiosani da samarTliani akreditacia Zalze mniSvnelovania ganaTlebis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad. imisaTvis,

130 sk ugS muxli 2, qvepunqti b1 131 radio `komersanti~ 132 sk ugS muxli 89, punqti 21 133 sk ugS muxli 89, punqti 22 134 sk ugS - muxli 561, punqti 2 135 sk ugS muxli 2. qvepunqti T)

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rom srulad aisaxos umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis simdidre da siRrme, gamoiyeneba xarisxis mravali kategoria an tipi. akreditaciis gamoyeneba erTiani (ùzomo~) standartis danergvisTvis ewinaaRmdegeba boloniis procesis miznebs~.136

bolo periodSi, ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi ganxorcielebulma cvlilebebma gansazRvra akreditaciis erovnuli centris reorganizaciis aucileblobac, ris gamoc, amave kanonis 89-e muxls daemata Semdegi Sinaarsis punqti: `32. reorganizebul iqnes sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri - ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centri sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad - ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnul centrad. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri - ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centri aris sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris - ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centris uflebamonacvle~.137

2010 wlis 1 seqtembridan ZalaSi Sesulma saqarTvelos kanonma `ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ gansazRvra aRniSnuli centris dafuZnebisa da misi saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi: `centri damoukidebelia Tavis saqmianobaSi. igi muSaobas warmarTavs sajaroobisa da gamWvirvalobis principebis dacviT, saqarTvelos konstituciis, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa da SeTanxmebebis, am kanonis, sxva sakanonmdeblo aqtebis, saministros mier damtkicebuli centris debulebisa da sxva samarTlebrivi aqtebis Sesabamisad.~138

avtorizaciis institutis SemoRebam, saqarTvelos kanonebSi - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ da `profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ ganxorcielebul cvlilebebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT, ganapiroba cvlilebebi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi, administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi, saqarTvelos kanonebSi: `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb~, `saganmanaTleblo da saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebis saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb~, `samewarmeo saqmianobis kontrolis Sesaxeb~, `licenzirebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~, `salicenzio da sanebarTvo mosakreblebis Sesaxeb~, `samxedro valdebulebisa da samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb~.

Tavi VI. umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis

ganxorcielebis standartebi.

§ 1. akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis safexurebi.

evropul sivrceSi Sesvla, boloniis xelSekrulebis xelmowera, sakredito-moduluri sistemis danergva, inovaciuri

136 Фрид Йохен, Гласс Анна, Баумгартл Бернд стр. 3 137 sk ugS - muxli 89, punqti 33 138 sk gxgS - muxli 3. punqti 2

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tipis saswavleblebis ganviTareba ganaTlebis fenomenisadmi axal midgomas moiTxovs, rac Tavis mxriv, dakavSirebulia swavlebisa da aRzrdis organizaciuli formebis ganaxlebasa da saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesis Sinaarsis kidev ufro gaRrmavebasTan. unda iTqvas, rom evropaSi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb dokumentebis aRiarebis uzrunvelyofis ZiriTad instruments boloniis deklaraciaSi warmoadgens CaTvlis erTeulis erTiani sistemis danergva (e.w.kreditebi, Sromatevadobis CaTvlis erTeulebis gadaTvlis evropuli sistemis ECTS tipis mixedviT) da diplomis evropuli danarTi (Diploma Supplement)139. kreditebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es ganaTlebis Sinaarsis gazomvis raodenobiTi erTeulia, romelsac iyenebs bevri ucxouri umaRlesi saswavlebeli akademiuri saaTis magivrad da cnobilia ramdenime meTodi Cveni saaTebis maT kreditebSi “gadaangariSebisaTvis”, diplomis evropuli danarTi ki aris specialuri nimuSis dokumenti, romelic iZleva informacias boloniis procesis monawile evropis qveynebisaTvis erTiani saxiT. saqarTvelos kanonis - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro àmtkicebs umaRlesi ganaTlebis specialobaTa CamonaTvals, umaRlesi ganaTlebis saxelmwifo dokumentisa da misi danarTis formas~140. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis ministris mier 2005 wlis 5 aprils gamocemul iqna brZaneba # 149 ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis damadasturebeli saxelmwifo dokumentis - diplomis danaTris formis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ formis modeli damuSavda evrokomisiis, evrosabWosa da iuneskos mier.

akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTleba aris ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis kursi, romelic Seicavs bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis saganmanaTleblo programebs~.141 Tavdapirvelad, saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 46-e muxlis, me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis samsafexuriani swavlebis safexurebia:

a) bakalavriati - saganmanaTleblo programa, romlis xangrZlivoba ar SeiZleba iyos sam weliwadze naklebi da oTx weliwadze meti;

b) magistratura - saganmanaTleblo programa, romlis xangrZlivoba ar SeiZleba iyos sam weliwadze naklebi.

g) doqtorantura - saganmanaTleblo programa, romlis xangrZlivoba ar SeiZleba iyos sam weliwadze naklebi.~142

saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Semdgom Setanili cvlilebebis safuZvelze, 46-e muxlis me-2 punqtis mixedviT ganisazRvra akademiuri ganaTlebis safexurebis kreditebis odenoba: 139 boloniis deklaracia. 1999 w. 140 sk ugS - muxli 7 punqti n. 141 sk ugS - muxli 2, punqti e1. 142 sk ugS - muxli 46 punqti 2.

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` 2. akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis safexurebia: a) pirveli safexuri (bakalavriati) – saganmanaTleblo programa, romelic moicavs aranakleb 240 kredits; b) meore safexuri (magistratura) – saganmanaTleblo programa, romelic moicavs aranakleb 120 kredits (garda am muxlis 2" punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevisa); g) mesame safexuri (doqtorantura) – saganmanaTleblo programa, romelic moicavs aranakleb 180 kredits.~ amave dros, ùmaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi 1 saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi saganmanaTleblo programa moicavs saSualod 60 kredits~.143

yvela safexuris damTavrebis Semdeg xdeba Sesabamisi diplomis gacema danarTiT, vinc ver asrulebs akademiur safexurs, eZleva mowmoba.

evropis sxvadasxva qveynebis umaRlesi saswavleblebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic seriozulad Seiswavlian boloniis procesTan dakavSirebul problemebs, acnobiereben momavali samuSaos mTel siZneles, magram amasTan iTvaliswineben ra TavianTi umaRlesi saswavleblis specifikasa da tradiciebs, gagebiT ekidebian momavali cvlilebebis saWiroebas.

§ 2. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis struqtura 2.1. zogadad saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~

mixedviT, gamijnulia sajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebze kanonis gavrcelebis farglebi, ris mixedviTac kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pir umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaze ar gavrcelda kanonis me IV Tavi (e.i. `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura~), Tavi me-V (`sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis personali~) 32-e (`personali~) da 35-e (àkademiur Tanamdebobaze arCevis pirobebi~) muxlebis garda da XIV TaviT gaTvaliswinebuli normebi (`sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris - umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis qoneba~).

xazgasasmelia, rom usd-ebis mier sajaro samarTlebrivi funqciis efeqturi ganxorcieleba pirdapir kavSirSia struqturis moqnil da srulfasovan modelTan. am mimarTebiT, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ukeTesad gamoiyurebian ssip usd-ebi, radgan maTi struqturuli modeli, iseve rogorc marTvis organoebi, gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos kanoniT ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~. rac Seexeba kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pir usd-ebs, maTi struqturuli mowyobis samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofa mniSvnelovanad mwiria, ris gamoc kerZo usd-ebis marTvis ganxorcielebaSi kompetenciebis gamijvnis meqanizmi saWiroebs daxvewas. marTalia, kerZo iuridiuli piri usd-ebis regulireba (imisda gaTvaliswinebiT, arakomerciulia Tu komerciuli)

143 sk ugS - muxli 46, punqti 21.

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xorcieldeba rogorc samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT, aseve saqarTvelos kanoniT `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~, magram am SemTxvevaSi, vgulisxmob kerZo iuridiuli piri usd-ebis marTvis specialur normebs, efeqturi iqneboda Tu am mimarTebiT gafarTovdeboda samarTlebrivi midgomebis areali saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~.

usd-s struqtura, rogorc nebismieri organizaciis struqtura, ar SeiZleba iyos mxolod statikuri, romelic ar eqvemdebareba cvlilebasa da ganviTarebas. gansakuTrebulad dinamiurad srulyofil unda iqnes usd-s struqtura sabazro urTierTobebze gadasvlis situaciebSi. struqturuli gardaqmnebis dinamikis maRali done, dakavSirebulia iseT faqtorebTan, rogoricaa: problemebis gadaWraSi usd-s damoukideblobis zrda, romelic ganpirobebulia mravalarxiani dafinansebis ganviTarebiT, xolo samarTlebrivi kuTxiT – struqturuli gardaqmnebis sakiTxTa gadaWraSi ud-s damoukideblobis samarTlebrivi safuZvlis Semqmneli normatiuli aqtebis arsebobiT.

saqarTvelos kanonis - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb me-9 muxlis 1 punqtis Sesabamisad, `saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saxeebia:

a) universiteti; b) instituti g) koleji~ amave kanonSi 2009 wels Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT usd-s saxeebi Semdegnairad Camoyalibda:

`1. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saxeebia: a) universiteti; b) saswavlo universiteti; g) koleji.~ 144

ra farglebSi funqcionirebs TiToeuli maTgani?! radgan universitetis definicia warmodgenilia naSromis SesavalSi, ganvixiloT Semdegi saxeebi:

`saswavlo universiteti - umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, romelic axorcielebs umaRles saganmanaTleblo programas/programebs (garda doqtoranturisa). saswavlo universiteti aucileblad axorcielebs meore safexuris - magistraturis - saganmanaTleblo programas/programebs~145

`koleji - umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, romelic axorcielebs profesiul umaRles saganmanaTleblo programas an/da akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis mxolod pirveli safexuris - bakalavriatis saganmanaTleblo programas~ 146

2010 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Setanili cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT zemoaRniSnuli formulireba Semdegi saxiT Camoyalibda: `koleji

144 sk ugS - muxli 9 punqti 1 145 sk ugS - muxli 2, punqti ჰ'33) 146 sk ugS - muxli 2, punqti Ù'

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- umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, romelic axorcielebs akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis mxolod pirveli safexuris saganmanaTleblo programas.~147

2.2. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~

Tanaxmad, ssip umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis marTvis organoebad anu mmarTvel subieqtebad ganisazRvra: àkademiuri sabWo, warmomadgenlobiTi sabWo, reqtori, administraciis xelmZRvaneli da xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri~.148

akademiuri sabWo. saqarTvelos kanoniT „umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ - ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organoa umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis akademiuri sabWo, romlis wevrebic airCevian fakultetis akademiuri personalis yvela wevrisa da fakultetis sabWos wevr studentTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebis mier pirdapiri, Tavisufali da Tanaswori arCevnebis safuZvelze faruli kenWisyriT.~149

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis sabWo SeimuSavebs da amtkicebs ganviTarebis strategiul gegmas, saswavlo da samecniero kvleviT programebs, irCevs akademiuri sabWos Tavmjdomares – reqtors, monawileobas Rebulobs warmomadgenlobis sabWoSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wesdebis, biujetis, struqturuli erTeulebis debulebebis da administraciis xelmZRvanelis angariSis ganxilvaSi, aseve asrulebs sxva uflebamosilebebs, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT.

saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 2009 wels Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT, kidev ufro gaizarda akademiuri sabWos uflebamosileba: àkademiuri sabWo uflebamosilia, reqtoris mier saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis darRvevis, reqtorisaTvis dakisrebuli movaleobebis arasaTanadod Sesrulebis an/da reqtorisaTvis Seuferebeli saqmianobis ganxorcielebis safuZvliT, akademiuri sabWos wevrebis aranakleb 1/3-is moTxovniT ganixilos reqtoris uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewyvetis sakiTxi. gadawyvetileba reqtoris uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewvyetis Taobaze miiReba faruli kenWisyriT, siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT. reqtori am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul kenWisyrebSi ar monawileobs. am sakiTxebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis gasaCivreba ar iwvevs sadavo aqtis moqmedebis SeCerebas.~150 147 sk ugS - muxli 2, punqti Ù' 148 sk ugS - muxli 15, punqti 1 149 sk ugS - muxli 20, punqti 1 150 sk ugS - muxli 21, punqti 11.

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warmomadgenlobiTi sabWo. saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ safuZvelze ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis warmomadgenlobiTi organoa umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis warmomadgenlobiTi sabWo, romelic airCeva umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis ZiriTadi erTeulebidan - fakultetebidan warmomadgenlobis safuZvelze studentebisa da akademiuri personalis mier cal-calke, ZiriTad saganmanaTleblo erTeulebze maTi raodenobis proporciulad~.151 warmomadgenlobiTi sabWos (senatis) uflebamosilebaTa speqtri mravalmxrivia: irCevs spikers, SeimuSavebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wesdebas da dasamtkiceblad warudgens saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, SeimuSavebs da amtkicebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis Sinaganawessa da eTikis kodeqss, amtkicebs dawesebulebis biujetis Sedgenis wess, biujets, administraciis struqturas, struqturuli erTeulebis debulebebs, administraciis xelmZRvanels da aseve axorcielebs sxva uflebamosilebebs kanonmdeblobis farglebSi.

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis reqtori. saqarTvelos kanoniT umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb `reqtori aris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis umaRlesi akademiuri Tanamdebobis piri, akademiuri sabWos Tavmjdomare da warmoadgens umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas qveynis SigniT da gareT akademiur da samecniero sferoebSi, risTvisac uflebamosilia, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saxeliT dados garigebebi da SeTanxmebebi. Tu garigebis da SeTanxmebis dadeba dakavSirebulia finansur da ekonomikur sakiTxebTan, maT xels awers agreTve administraciis xelmZRvaneli.~152

Tavdapirvelad, saqarTvelos kanoniT ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ gansazRvruli iyo, rom `reqtorad SeiZleba arCeul iqnes am an sxva akreditebuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis profesori~153. aRniSnul kanonSi ganxorcielebuli Semdgomi cvlilebebis Tanaxmad (2009 wlis noembris mdgomareobiT), reqtorad SeiZleboda arCeuli yofiliyo ìmave an sxva akreditebuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis sruli profesori~154. amave kanoniT (2010 wlis seqtembris mdgomareobiT), ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wesdebiT SeiZleba ganisazRvros reqtorobis kandidatisTvis

151 sk ugS - muxli 17, punqti 1. 152 sk ugS - muxli 22, punqti 1. 153 sk ugS - muxli 22, punqti 2 154 sk ugS - muxli 22, punqti 2

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wayenebuli minimaluri sakvalifikacio moTxovnebi. dauSvebelia SezRudvis daweseba rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, religiis, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, moqalaqeobisa da dakavebuli akademiuri Tanamdebobis niSniT.~155 saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT reqtors `irCevs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis akademiuri sabWo faruli kenWisyriT, siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wesdebiT gansazRvruli vadiT, magram ara umetes sabWos uflebamosilebis vadisa~.156

amasTan xazgasasmelia, rom saqarTvelos kanonSi `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sedegad (2010 wlis seqtembris mdgomareobiT) `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris - umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis reqtoris pirveli arCevnebis Sedegebis damtkicebamde reqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebels niSnavs saqarTvelos premier-ministri saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros wardginebiT.~157

umniSvnelovanesia, rom reqtorobis kandidatTa SesarCevi kriteriumebis gafarToeba (ramac, garkveulwilad, azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia gansakuTrebiT samecniero-akademiur wreebSi), Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs kandidatis SerCevis efeqturobas, radgan SesaZleblobas iZleva usd-s marTvaSi monawileoba xelmisawvdomi gaxados swored menejmentis srulfasovani ganxorcielebis gamocdilebis mqone adamianebisaTvis, rac sasargeblo iqneba usd-s saqmianobis Semdgomi srulyofisaTvis da ar iyos es wre SemosazRvruli mxolod akademiuri niSniT, radgan sauniversiteto marTvis maRali klasis menejeri Seqmnis Sesaferis garemos usd-s yovelmxrivi ganviTarebisaTvis. rac Seexeba akademiuri da samecniero mimarTulebebis ganviTarebis perspeqtivas, aRniSnulis regulireba reqtorma-menejerma SesaZlebelia ganaxorcielos miznobrivad SerCeuli dargobrivi moadgileebis (proreqtorebis) meSveobiT.

administraciis xelmZRvaneli (kancleri) - `... aris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis umaRlesi administraciuli mmarTveli finansuri, materialuri da adamianuri resursebis sferoebSi da warmoadgens umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas safinanso-ekonomikur urTierTobebSi~.158

administraciis xelmZRvaneli, romelic zedized SeiZleba airCes mxolod orjer (uflebamosilebis vadiT araumetes 4 wlisa), mtkicdeba warmomadgenlobiT sabWos mier, sadac mis wardgenas axdens akademiuri sabWo.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Zveli wesdebiT (damtkicebuli saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebiT # 277,

155 sk ugS - muxli 22, punqti 31 156 sk ugS - muxli 22, punqti 2 157 sk ugS - muxli 22, punqti 11 158 sk ugS - muxli 23, punqti 1

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2001 wlis 13 ivlisi) `reqtori – didi sabWos Tavmjdomare, pirveli piri TanasworTa Soris – Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mTeli saqmianobis xelmZRvanelia~. dRes moqmedi saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Sesabamisad, reqtori ar aris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mmarTveli safinanso-ekonomikuri da materialuri resursebis marTvis dargSi. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, ZiriTadad damkvidrebuli praqtikis mixedviT, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi reqtorebi faqtobrivad mainc axorcieleben zemoaRniSnuli mimarTulebebis xelmZRvanelobas, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi zRudavs administraciis xelmZRvanels srulfasovnad ganaxorcielos kanoniT misTvis miniWebuli uflebamosileba, rac qmnis seriozul problemebs marTvis ganxorcielebaSi da miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonmdeblobiT samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba zemoaRniSnuli sakiTxebis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT ekisreba administraciis xelmZRvanels (kanclers), faqtobrivi realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, am kuTxiT reqtorebis mier uflebamosilebis gadameteba xSir SemTxvevaSi seriozul problemebs qmnis. amitom an zemoaRniSnuli wesdebis formulirebis gaTvaliswinebiT reqtori unda ganixilebodes `mTeli saqmianobis xelmZRvanelad~ da Sesabamisad unda Sevides am mimarTebiT cvlilebebi saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ reqtorisa da administraciis xelmZRvanelis uflebamosilebebSi an unda ganxorcieldes zogierT umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi damkvidrebuli araswori (arakanonieri) praqtikis aRmofxvra reqtorisa da kancleris uflebamosilebebis aRrevis.

xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri. ùmaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi saswavlo da samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobis, agreTve misi personalis profesiuli ganviTarebis xarisxis sistematuri Sefasebis mizniT iqmneba xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri, romelic moqmedebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wesdebis Sesabamisad~.159

xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli, mtkicdeba warmomadgenlobiTi sabWos mier, sadac mis wardgenas axdens akademiuri sabWo.

fakulteti. saqarTvelos kanoniT ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ gansazRvrulia, rom ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis ZiriTadi saganmanaTleblo erTeulia fakulteti~160.

amave kanonis Sesabamisad, `fakultetis marTvis organoebia (mmarTveli subieqtebia): fakultetis sabWo, dekani, fakultetis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri.~161

159 sk ugS - muxli 25. punqti 2 160 sk ugS - muxli 27, punqti 1 161 sk ugS - muxli 15, punqti 2

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fakulteti Tavis mxriv Sedgeba saswavlo, samecniero-kvleviTi da damxmare struqturuli erTeulebisagan. aRniSnuli kanoni aseve gTavazobs formebs saswavlo da samecniero kvleviTi muSaobis warmarTvisaTvis, es SesaZlebelia iyos kaTedra, samecniero-kvleviTi instituti, laboratoria, klinika, programuli mimarTuleba da sxva da damxmare erTeulebi rogoricaa biblioTeka da a.S.

sazogadod, fakultetebis (ufro zustad, mimarTulebebis, specialobebis) profilur TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, aris Tu ara saWiro struqturuli mowyobis unificireba?! albaT ara, radgan garkveul danayofebs (laboratorias, iseve rogorc klinikas) ar saWiroebs yvela fakulteti, amdenad struqturuli erTeulebis mizanSewoniloba unda ganisazRvros fakultetis specifiurobis mixedviT.


universitetis struqtura 2004 wlis saqarTvelos ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~

kanonma radikalurad Secvala sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mowyobis meqanizmi. konkretul magaliTs moviyvan Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis Sesaxeb.

sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti Camoyalibda 2001 wels, saqarTvelos prezidentis 2001 wlis 13 ivlisis # 277 brZanebulebis safuZvelze162. amave brZanebulebiT, damtkicebuli iqna Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdeba, romlis Sesabamisadac àvtonomiuri universitetis marTvis umaRlesi organoa universitetis sabWo (SemdgomSi didi sabWo), romlis gadawyvetilebani erTnairad savaldebuloa rogorc universitetis yvela struqturuli erTeulisaTvis, ise misi mTeli SemadgenlobisaTvis~163. xazgasasmelia, rom jer kidev ssip-ad Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis formirebamde, saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis 31 dekembris # 781 brZanebulebiT, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets mieniWa gansakuTrebuli statusi, ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis ganviTarebis saqmeSi, pedagogiur da samecniero cxovrebaSi Setanili didmniSvnelovani wvlilisaTvis~164.

reformam, saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, Secvala ra umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis struqtura, moaxdina maTi saxeebisa da organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebis gansazRvra da, ra Tqma unda, maTi uflebamosilebis gamijvna.

162 saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba, 2001 w. 163 Tsu-s wesdeba - Tavi II, universitetis marTva, punqti 5. 2001 w. 164 saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba 1997 w.

99

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis konkretul struqturas warmogidgenT Tsu-s magaliTze (ix. cxrili # 1)

aRniSnul struqturas emateba aseve safakulteto administraciebi. xazgasasmelia, rom Tsu-s administraciaSi warmodgenili departamentebi aris ormagi (reqtorisa da kancleris) daqvemdebarebis, garda safinanso-ekonomikuri da resursebis marTvis mimarTulebebisa.

2.3.1. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis fakultetebi reformis pirveli etapis periodSi, 2005 wlis damdegs,

universitetSi funqcionirebda 22 fakulteti 184 kaTedriT, 8 filiali 46 fakultetiT, 3 samecniero-kvleviTi da saswavlo-samecniero instituti, 81 samecniero-kvleviTi laboratoria da centri, 161 saswavlo laboratoria da kabineti, aseve klinikuri saavadmyofo, diagnostikuri centri, gamomcemloba, stamba, biblioTeka 3640693 erTeuli wignadi fondiT, saerTo sacxovrebeli 5 korpusiT. muSaobda 95 saganmanaTleblo programa bakalavriatSi, 194 magistraturaSi da 16 erTsafexurian swavlebaze. Semdeg fakultetebisa da Sesabamisad profiluri mimarTulebaTa dajgufebis Sedegad, reqtoris movaleobis Semsruleblis, prof. r. lorTqifaniZis brZanebebiT (brZ. # 92, 16.06.2005. brZ. # 113, 07.07.2005, brZ. # 2/672 18.11.2005) Seiqmna Semdegi fakultetebi:

ekonomikisa da biznesis;

zust da sabunebismeteyvelo mecnierebaTa;

iuridiuli;

socialur politikur mecnierebaTa;

humanitarul mecnierebaTa;

medicinis. ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis farglebSi gaerTianda

yofili ekonomikis, mikroekonomikis da menejmentis, komerciis da marketingis, saerTaSoriso biznesis fakultetebi (biznesis samarTlis mimarTulebis gareSe).

zust da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa fakultetis

farglebSi gaerTianda yofili meqanika-maTematikis, gamoyenebiTi maTematikis da kompiuterul mecnierebaTa, fizikis, qimiis, biologiis, geografiis, geologiis fakultetebi, gamoyenebiTi maTematikis da maRali energiebis fizikis institutebi, Sesabamisi saswavlo da samecniero laboratoriebi.

iuridiul fakultetis farglebSi gaerTianda moqmedi fakulteti, saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis fakultetis saerTaSoriso samarTlis

100

cxrili # 1

101

mimarTuleba da yofili saerTaSoriso biznesis fakultetis biznesis samarTlis mimarTuleba.

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis

farglebSi gaerTianda yofili filosofiis da sociologiis (sociologiis mimarTuleba), fsiqologiis, saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da urTierTobebis (saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis mimarTuleba), Jurnalistikis, istoriis (politologiisa da politeqnologiebis mimarTuleba) fakultetebi da socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri geografiis mimarTuleba.

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis farglebSi gaerTianda istoriis (politologiisa da politteqnologiebis mimarTulebis garda), filosofiis da sociologiis (filosofiis mimarTuleba), filologiis, aRmoavleTmcodneobis, dasavleT evropis, xelovnebis fakultetebi, Sesabamisi laboratoriebi da centrebi.

fakultetebi gaizardnen moculobiT da gaaerTianes disciplinaTa ufro farTo speqtri, rac xels uwyobda mravaldiscipliniani swavlebisa da kvlevebis ganviTarebas. fakultetebma warmoqmnes universitetSi menejmentisa da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis sakvanZo safexuri, maT doneze delegirebul iqna mniSvnelovani uflebamosilebebi akademiur sferosa da resursebis, maT Soris, sakadaro sakiTxebsa da infrastruqturis gadanawilebaSic. universitetis fakultetebis gamsxvilebuli Semadgenloba gamomdinareobs farTo inteleqtualuri logikidan. isini iqcevian saqmianobis axali, arsebuli mimarTulebebisa da strategiuli ganviTarebis safuZvladac da gansazRvraven aqtiurobis Semcirebis an potenciuri eqspansiis sferoebs.

TumcaRa, xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom fakultetebis TanSerwymas hqonda Tavisi uaryofiTi Sedegebic, radgan arc Tu ise martivi aRmoCnda mravalprofiliani `Tavkombalebis~ marTva. `Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom fakultetebi ar iyos hermetuli: rac ufro meti procesi da procedura miekuTvneba ara erT fakultets, aramed gavrceldeba mTlianobaSi universitetze, miT ufro advili iqneba fakultetSorisi saqmianobis inicireba da mxardaWera. Tanabrad iyo cxadi, rom fakultetebi ar unda gardaqmniliyvnen kvaziavtonomiur institutebad: `maT unda hqondeT rTuli da yvelgan SemRwevi kavSirebi: vertikalze - universitetis pirveli doniT, horizontalze fakultetebTan erTad~.165 rigi kiTxvebi Cndeba fakultetebis moculobasTan da sagnobriv konfiguraciasTan mimarTebaSi. amitom, universitetSi SemuSavebul unda iqnas saxelmZRvanelo principebi msgavsi problemebis gadasaWrelad. am TvalsazrisiT gasaTvaliswinebelia:

165 Taylor J. - . p. 251-274

102

institucionaluri darazmuloba - arc erTi fakulteti ar unda dominirebdes saqmianobis an resursTa ganawilebis sakiTxebSi ise, rom es iqces safrTxed universitetis korporaciuli arsisTvis;

organizaciuli wonasworoba - konfiguracia unda asaxavdes universitetis akademiur xasiaTs sagnobrivi rigis adekvaturi asaxvis xarjze;

disciplinaTSorisobis mxardaWera; inteleqtualuri erTsulovneba - fakultetebi unda

aerTianebdnen disciplinebs, romlebsac, sityvis farTo gagebiT, aqvT garkveuli SemecnebiTi erToba;

gonivruli zomebi - ganviTarebis potencialisa da moqnilobis uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebeli kritikuli masa.

xazgasasmelia, rom saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ safuZvelze Tavdapirvelad sadisertacio sabWoebi iqmneboda fakultetebze `sadisertacio sabWo – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis fakuletetze arsebuli organo, romelic aniWebs doqtoris akademiur xarisxs~.166 2009 wels amave kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT, SesaZlebeli gaxda sadisertacio sabWos arealis gafarToeba: `sadisetracio sabWo – universitetis fakultetze an universitetSi arsebuli organo, romelic aniWebs doqtoris akademiur xarixs~.167

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis administraciis mier menejmentis ganxorcilebis efeqturobas, didad ganapirobebs garkveul funqciaTa decentralizacia safakulteto administraciaTa saqmianobis farglebSi, rac metad damoukidebelsa da mizanswrafuls xdis fakultetis muSaobas maT winaSe dasaxuli miznebis srulfasovani realizaciis misaRwevad. swored aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT aniWebs saqarTvelos kanoni `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ fakultetebs Tavisi biujetisa da struqturis SemuSavebis uflebamosilebas, TumcaRa Semdgom maTi damtkiceba ukve umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis zemdgomi marTvis organoebis kompetencias ganekuTvneba da es bunebrivia, radgan iuridiuli piris statusiT gvevlineba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba da ara fakulteti, ris gamoc saqmianobis decentralizebul komponentebTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi saWiroebs SeTanxmebas administraciis xelmZRvanelTan da damtkicebas rogorc umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis akademiur sabWoze (mag.: sadisertacio sabWos debuleba, fakultetis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma, saswavlo da samecniero-kvleviTi programebi), aseve umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis warmomadgenlobiT sabWoze (fakultetis struqtura da debuleba, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis biujeti).

166 sk ugS - muxli 2, qvepunqti h7 167 sk ugS - muxli 2, qvepunqti h17

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fakulteti araumetes 4 wlis vadis (zedized mxolod orjer) `Tavisufali da Tanaswori arCevnebis safuZvelze, faruli kenWisyriT, siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT irCevs fakultetis dekans~168. xazgasasmelia, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis farglebSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli procedurebi jer kidev 2006 wels unda ganxorcielebuliyo, 2009 wlis ganmavlobaSic ki fakultetebis dekanebi rCebodnen movaleobis Semsruleblad.

TumcaRa, xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom fakultetebis swrafva avtonomiurobis gafarToebisaken, misaRebi procesia da damatebiTi barierebis Seqmna, im sakiTxebis centralizebuli regulireba, rac SesaZlebelia fakultetis farglebSi gadawydes aramizanSewonilad mesaxeba. moviyvanoT magaliTi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis saqmianobidan. aris Tu ara aucilebloba, rom `centralur~ administraciaSi169 Seiqmnas kidev erTi damatebiTi rgoli sagamocdo centris saxiT, roca gamocdebis organizebisaTvis sakmarisi resursi fakultetebis administracias gaaCnia da sxvaTaSoris, am resursis gamoyenebiT axdens gamocdebis organizacias TviT zemoaRniSnuli centric. fakultetebis mier gamocdebis Catarebis gamWvirvalobasa da obieqturobaze ki umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis administracias uproblemod SeuZlia monitoringis ganxorcieleba. aseve SesaZlebelia, ganxilul iqnes, `centraluri~ administraciis farglebSi saswavlo departamentis funqcionirebis aucileblobis sakiTxi, radgan am saqmianobis epicentri swored rom fakultetzea warmodgenili.

sayuradReboa, rom garkveul SemTxvevaSi fakultetebis marTvaSi arsebuli xarvezebi ganpirobebulia TviT umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis administraciis mier arasrulfasovani menejmentis ganxorcielebiT. Tu administraciis saqmianoba srulyofilia, marTva xorcieldeba winaswar gansazRvruli strategiis Sesabamisad, gegmazomierad da ara stiqiuri gadawyvetilebebis mixedviT. araefeqturia iseTi gadawyvetilebebis miReba, romelic seriozul problemebs uqmnis marTvis ganxorcielebas. magaliTad moviyvan Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis akademiuri sabWos mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas (2008 wlis 25 Tebervalis akademiuri sabWos sxdoma) zusti da sabunebismetyvelo fakultetis bazaze ori fakultetis Seqmnis Sesaxeb (maTematikisa da kompiuterul mecnierebaTa fakultetis da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa fakultetis), maSin rodesac gadawyvetilebis miRebamde cota xniT adre, saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, damtkicebul iqna rogorc Tsu-s biujeti, aseve akademiuri, administraciuli da damxmare personalis saStato ganrigi. bunebrivia, fakultetis gayofis procedura unda

168 sk ugS - muxli 28, punqti b 169 sk ugS - fiqsirebulia administracia, `centraluri~ administracia pirobiTi gamoTqmaa.

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ganxorcielebuliyo winswrebiT (Tu es fors-maJoriT ar aris ganpirobebuli).170

Tavi VII.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis

ganxorcielebis gzebi. § 1.umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafinanseba -

zogadad;

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis menejmentis ganxorcielebis efeqturoba didad aris damokidebuli safinanso strategiis sworad formirebasa da Semdgom mis realizebaze.

saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Tanaxmad: àdministraciis xelmZRvaneli, fakultetebTan da umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis sxva struqturul erTeulebTan erTad SeimuSavebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis biujetis proeqts da akademiur sabWosTan SeTanxebiT, dasamtkiceblad warudgens warmomadgenlobiT sabWos.~171


universitetis biujeti biujetis damtkicebamde umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebis warmomadgenlobiTi sabWo amtkicebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis biujetis Sedgenis wess. magaliTad iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis biujetis Sedgenis wesis Sesaxeb debuleba SemuSavebulia ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ `sabiujeto sistemis Sesaxeb~, `saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb~, `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonebis, saqarTvelos finansTa ministris 2004 wlis 15 martis # 153 brZaneba `saqarTvelos sabiujeto sistemis Sesaxeb~ da sxva samarTlebrivi aqtebis safuZvelze. romelic gansazRvravs iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis biujetis formirebis principebs da aregulirebs biujetis proeqtis momzadebas, damtkicebas, Sesrulebas.

Tsu-s biujeti - es aris dafinansebis sxvadasxva legitimuri wyaroebidan miRebuli Semosavlebisa da misi funqciebis da valdebulebebis Sesrulebis mizniT gasawevi xarjebis nusxa.

Tsu-s dafinanseba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes Semdegi wyaroebidan: saxelmwifo biujetiT Tsu-saTvis gamoyofili asignebani; swavlis safasuri, romelic ifareba saxelmwifo saswavlo grantiT; saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebidan grantis saxiT miRebuli dafinanseba da saxelSekrulebo proeqtebis (Temebis) Sesasruleblad miRebuli dafinanseba;

170 aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba ar ganxorcielebula 171 sk ugS - muxli 26, punqti 2

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sakonkurso SerCevis safuZvelze saxelmwifos mier gacemuli samecniero kvleviTi grantebi; saxelmwifosaTvis prioritetul erTeulebze abiturientTa miRebis waxalisebis mizniT gamoyofili specialuri saxelmwifo sabiujeto programebi; dargobrivi saministroebis mier gamoyofili programuli dafinanseba; ekonomikuri saqmianobidan miRebuli Semosavlebi. Semowirulobebis (qvelmoqmedebis) saxiT an anderZiT miRebuli Semosavlebi.

Tsu-s biujetis proeqtis momzadebisa da wardgenis process koordinacias uwevs administraciis xelmZRvaneli. igi fakultetebTan da sxva struqturul erTeulebTan erTad yoveli wlis 1 oqtombridan, iwyebs muSaobas dasagegmi sabiujeto wlis biujetis ZiriTadi monacemebisa da mimarTulebebis gansazRvraze.

Tsu-s ZiriTadi saganmanaTleblo erTeulebis - fakultetebis sabWoebi da sxva struqturuli erTeulebi yoveli wlis 1 noembrisaTvis administraciis xelmZRvanels warudgenen momavali wlis biujetis xarjviTi nawilis proeqtebs. romelic saTanadod unda iyos dasabuTebuli, igi unda eyrdnobodes miRebul gaangariSebaTa Sedegebs, Camoyalibebul daskvnebsa da konkretul winadadebebs.

administraciis xelmZRvaneli amzadebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis biujetis naerT proeqts da akademiur sabWosTan SeTanxmebiT, yoveli wlis 15 dekembrisaTvis, dasamtkiceblad warudgens warmomadgenlobiT sabWos.

magaliTisaTvis, Tsu-s 2009 wlis biujeti, romelic ase gamoiyureba damtkicebuli iqna Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis warmomadgenlobiT sabWoze 2008 wlis 29 dekembers.

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis 2009 wlis biujeti172

Semosavlebi 2009 weli saswavlo grantidan 9 200 700,00 ekonomikuri saqmianobidan 10 150 500,00 saxelmwifo biujetidan 3 600 000,00 2008 wlis gardamavali naSTi 3 200 000,00 saxelmwifo (prezidentis) stipendia 441 600,00 jami 26 592 800,00

erovnuli samecniero grantebi gardamavali naSTis CaTvliT

1 463 719,00

saerTaSoriso grantebi gardamavali naSTis CaTvliT

700 000,00

evropuli kvlevebis instituti gardamavali naSTis CaTvliT

249 660,00

172 damtkicebulia iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis warmomadgenlobiTi sabWos mier – oqmi # 17 (29.12.2008 w.)

106

ekonomikis saerTaSoriso skola 847 198,00 m.S. swavlis qira gardamavali naSTisCaTvliT

149 498,00

m.S. granti 697 700,00

sul Semosavali 29 853 377,00 2009 wlis xarjebi

asignebebis dasaxeleba 2009 weli sul asignebebi (I+II) 29 561 155 I xarjebi 28 814 391 Sromis anazRaureba 13 898 407 saqoneli da momsaxureba 13 383 721 StatgareSe momuSaveTa anazRaureba 7 199 397 mivlinebebi 777 302 ofisis xarjebi 3 250 075 warmomadgenlobiTi xarjebi 316 000 rbili inventaris, uniformisa da piradi higienis sagnebis SeZenis xarjebi

20 000

transportisa da teqnikis eqspluataciisada movla-Senaxvis xarjebi

150 000

sxva danarCeni saqoneli da momsaxureba 1 670 947 socialuri uzrunvelyofa 20 000 sxva xarjebi 1 512 263 II arafinansuri aqtivebi 746 746

1.2. swavlis safasuri, saswavlo granti saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ me-7 muxlis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministro `saqarTvelos mTavrobas dasamtkiceblad warudgens saxelmwifo saswavlo grantisa da saxelmwifo saswavlo samagistro grantis wliur moculobebsa da odenobebs, agreTve erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis safuZvelze akreditebul umaRles saganmanaTleblo programaze Caricxul studentTa socialuri programiT dafinansebis odenobasa da pirobebs~173. amasTan, amave kanonis 81-e muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, mkveTrad Camoyalibda, rom `saxelmwifo saswavlo grantis wliur odenobas, romelic srulad faravs sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis bakalavriatis, diplomirebuli medikosis/ stomatologis/ veterinaris akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programebiT da maswavleblis momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programiT swavlebis Rirebulebas, gansazRvravs saqarTvelos mTavroba~. 174

173 sk ugS muxli 7. punqti g 174 sk ugS muxli 81. punqti 2

107

zemoaRniSnuli muxlis 2''' punqtis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier ganisazRvreba samagistro grantis wliuri odenoba: `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis magistraturis akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programis saxelmwifo saswavlo samagistro grantis wliur odenobas saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dadgenili saganmanaTleblo programuli mimarTulebebis mixedviT gansazRvravs saqarTvelos mTavroba. umaRles ganaTlebas magistraturaSi, garda saSemsruleblo saganmanaTleblo programis magistraturisa, saxelmwifo afinansebs 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi.~175

kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pir umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs (saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia ZiriTadad Sps-s organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formiT) am mimarTebiT micemuli aqvT sruli Tavisufleba, rogorc swavlis safasuris gansazRvris, ise ZiriTadi Rirebulebisa da grantis sxvaobis gadaxdis TvalsazrisiT: `Tu kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piris akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programis safasuri, agreTve sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris - umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis magistraturis akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programis safasuri aRemateba Sesabamisad saxelmwifos mier dadgenil saxelmwifo saswavlo grantis an saxelmwifo saswavlo samagistro grantis Tanxis odenobas, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba uflebamosilia daadginos damatebiTi safasuri, romelic unda daifaros arasaxelmwifo wyaroebidan~.176 amavdroulad, xazgasasmelia erTi garemoeba: `saxelmwifo saswavlo granti da saxelmwifo saswavlo samagistro granti gaicema 2010 wlis 1 seqtembramde instituciuri akreditaciis mqone an am kanonis 661 muxlis me-2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul axaldafuZnebul licenzirebul umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebze instituciuri akreditaciis darCenili vadiT. im SemxTvevaSi, Tu am dawesebulebebis mier avtorizaciis ganacxadis wardgenis momentSi ar iarsebebs Sesabamisi programis akreditaciis SesaZlebloba, es programa akreditebulad iTvleba saTanado pirobebis Seqmnamde.~177

Tavi VIII.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro-samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebis adamianuri resursebiT uzrunvelyofa.

§ 1. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis personali

1.1. usd-s personalis klasificireba saqarTvelos kanonma `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~

moaxdina usd-s personalis klasificireba akademiur: `1. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis akademiuri personali Sedgeba

175 sk ugS muxli 81. punqti 2111 176 sk ugS muxli 81. punqti 3 177 sk ugS - muxli 88. punqti 7

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profesorebisagan. 2. profesorebis Semadgenlobas miekuTvneba sruli profesori, asocirebuli profesori da asistent-profesori~178 da administraciul Tanamdebobebad da sxva personalad: `1. umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi administraciul Tanamdebobebs mikuTvneba: reqtori, administraciis xelmZRvaneli, fakultetis dekani da maTi moadgileebi, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisa da fakultetis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris ufrosebi~. `3. maswavlebelTa personals miekuTvneba maswavlebeli da ufrosi maswavlebeli~. `5. damxmare personals miekuTvneba saStato nusxiT gaTvaliswinebuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saqmianobisTvis aucilebeli sxva pirebi~179.

Tsu-s magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, 2001 wlis 13 dekembers, damtkicebuli Tsu-s wesdebiT gansazRvruli profesoris, docentis da mecnier-muSakis Tanamdebobebis nacvlad, saqarTvelos zemoaRniSnuli kanonis mixedviT, akademiuri personali ganisazRvra sruli, asocirebuli da asistent-profesoris TanamdebobebiT da am Tanamdebobebis dakaveba SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod Ria konkursiT. xolo struqturis marTvis gansaxorcieleblad ganisazRvra administraciuli Tanaldebobebi da sxva personali. aseve saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Sesabamisad: `umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba uflebamosilia am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli akademiuri an maswavleblis Tanamdebobis dakavebis gareSe moiwvios Sesabamisi jvalifikaciis mqone specialisti saswavlo an/da samecniero-kvleviT procesSi monawileobis an/da am procesis warmarTvis mizniT~180.

1.2. reformebi usd-s personalis marTvis sferoSi saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis

cvlilebebis momxreebs adanaSaulebdnen istoriuli gamocdilebisa da tradiciuli faseulobebisaTvis zianis miyenebasa da akademiuri poziciebis SeryevaSi. magram xazgasasmelia aqve umTavresic – moZvelebuli meTodebis SenarCunebas SeeZlo miveyvaneT rogorc gaumarTlebel finansur danaxarjebamde, ise, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, konkurentunarianobis daqveiTebamde. ufunqcio, yovelgvari samarTlebrivi konteqstidan amovardnili struqturuli warmonaqmnebi da axali, reformis moTxovnaTa safuZvelze Seqmnili struqturuli erTeulebi, garkveulwilad, paralelur reJimSi agrZelebdnen Tanaarsebobas saxelmwifo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis farglebSi da amitom adgilebze seriozuli winaaRmdegobebi xvdeboda muSaobis formebis gardaqmnisa da paralelizmebis gamoricxvis process.

178 sk ugS - muxli 33. punqti 1 da 2. 179 sk ugS - muxli 40. punqtebi 1, 3 da 5. 180 sk ugS - muxli 40. punqti 6.

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Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis personalis udidesma nawilma mainc aRmouCina mxardaWera axal wamowyebebs. isini Segnebulad Sexvdnen biurokratiuli procesebis Semcirebas, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis operatiulobasa da samuSaoTa moculobis gonivrul gadanawilebas. ZiriTadad TanamSromlebma moiwones menejmentis profesionalizmis donis amaRleba, rogorc akademiur poziciaze, ise administraciul samsaxurebSi. xazgasasmelia, rom umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi reformis mimdinareobis procesSi mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoboda personalis SerCevaSi gamWvirvalobisa da sajaroobis principebis dacvas.

garkveuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi, saxelmwifo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi muSaoba, iseve rogorc swavla, prestiJulad gamoiyureboda da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am tipis umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs arc moepovebodaT alternativa saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, radgan maT avtoritetulobas safuZvels umyarebda istoriuli tradiciebi, faseuli warsuli, romelTa siRrmeSi, qarTuli mecnierebis elita Camoyalibda. dRes es friad pativsacemi, magram warsulia, TumcaRa aucilebelia istoriuli memkvidreobis SenarCuneba da ganviTareba. 1.3. usd-s personalis kvalifikacia da perspeqtivebi

saganmanaTleblo sferoSi sul ufro xSirad saWiroa ara mxolod kvalifikacia, aramed kompetenturoba, romelic SegviZlia ganvixiloT rogorc Cvevebis erTgvari erToblioba, romlebic axasiaTebs individums da Seicavs kvalifikacias am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, socialur qceviT maxasiaTeblebs da jgufSi muSaobis unars, iniciativianobas, riskisTvis mzadyofnas. umaRlesi saswavleblebis sistemam dRes aucileblad unda uzrunvelyos kursdamTavrebuli ara Tu wminda profesiuli codniT, im unar-CvevebiT, rom orientireba moaxdinos informaciis sul ufro mzard nakadSi, aramed SeeZlos adamianebTan urTierToba, gunduri muSaoba da mzad iyos gadaWras konfliqturi situaciebi, mudmivad ganaaxlebdes da iRrmavebdes codnas. amasTan pedagogebi uzrunvelyofas unda axdendnen pirobebSi, roca moxda ZiriTadi pedagogiuri funqciis kardinaluri transformacia: pedagogi aRar aris informaciis wyaro da aRarc misi interpretatori. is dRes erTgvari megzuria. codnis dagroveba da meTodikuri novaciebis gamoyeneba, maTi mSvidad translireba, mxolod dro da dro SevsebiT, ukve SeuZlebelia, radgan SeiniSneba informaciis SeuCerebeli nakadi.

amgvarad, umaRlesi kvalifikaciis specialistTa momzadebisadmi moTxovna avtomaturad `iwvevs~ umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis personalis problemasac, romelic iZulebulia ara ubralod aimaRlos kvalifikacia, aramed Zireulad gardaiqmnas. intensiurad (Tumca ara yovelTvis efeqtianad) mimdinare reformebi orientirebulia, uwinares

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yovlisa, umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis moqnilobasa da variaciulobaze. isini iTvaliswineben sxvadasxva tipis saswavleblebis da momavali specialistebis momzadebis mravalferovani mimarTulebebis ganviTarebas.

sakadro politikis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi pirobaa pirovnebaTa dawinaureba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis farglebSi. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT saqmianobis ganviTarebis xasiaTs, dawinaurebis perspeqtiva udavoa. TumcaRa, dawinaurebis da karieris uzrunvelsayofad winaswar umTavresia miRweul iqnas personalis Tanamedrove moTxovnaTa Sesabamisi kvalifikacia, rac ra Tqma unda, dakavSirebulia maT mier Sesabamisi treiningebis, swavlebebis, staJirebebis aucilebel gavlasTan. samwuxarod, xSirad umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis farglebSi, adgili aqvs faqtebs, rom calkeuli muSakebi ver akmayofileben dawinaurebisaTvis saWiro kriteriumebs, magram mainc xdeba maTi avtomaturi dawinaureba, rac seriozul daRs asvams umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs.

amitom unda gaZlierdes umaRlesi saswavleblebis im mecnierebisa da pedagogebis gavlena, romlebic saWirod miiCneven pirovnebis sulieri Tvisebebis Camoyalibebis gaZlierebas, studentebisaTvis im unaris ganviTarebas, rom mTlianobaSi xedavdnen samyaros, acnobierebdnen aqtualuri socialuri problemebis da pirovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobis mniSvnelobas, imsWvalebodnen socialuri pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT.

sawyis etapze, rodesac kerZo usd-ebi mkvidrdebodnen saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, Seqmnili iyo iseTi mdgomareoba, rom kerZo seqtoris usd-ebi Rebulobdnen studentebs, romlebic ver moxvdnen saxelmwifo universitetebSi.

amJamad, elitaruli kerZo usd-ebis funqcionirebis SemTxvevaSi, piriqiT, miuxedavad swavlebis maRali safasurisa, romelic zog SemTxvevaSi, 5-6-jerac aWarbebs saxelmwifo usd-ebis swavlis safasurs, ukve arc Tu ise iSviaTad, abiturientis arCevanTa nusxaSi mainc pirvel nomrad gvxvdebian aseTi saswavleblebi, rac ganpirobebulia swavlebis maRali xarisxiT da uzrunvelyofilia personalis profesionalizmiT, kompetenturobiTa da umTavresi SedegiT – kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmebis garantirebulobiT.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, kerZo usd-ebma, maRali anazRaurebis SeTavazebis safuZvelze, moaxerxes saxelmwifo usd-ebis maRalprofesionali kadrebis gadabireba. ase rom, elitarul kerZo usd-ebSi Tavi moiyares sxvadasxva dargis maRalkvalificiurma specialistebma, sxvadasxva saxelmwifo usd-ebidan, amasTan, SeZles ra moezidaT mniSvnelovani moculobis finansuri saxsrebi, daiwyes Tavisi akademiuri personalis momzadeba, treiningebi da staJirebebi evropul da aSS-s usd-ebSi. xels uwyoben Tavis personals sadoqtoro programebi gaiaron da disertaciebi daicvan swored saerTaSoriso usd-ebSi. amas isini axerxeben saxelmwifo usd-ebTan SedarebiT ufro moqnilad da

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efeqturad, radgan amgvari magaliTebi saxelmwifo usd-ebSi mxolod erTeulTa xvedria.

TumcaRa aucilebelia xazi gaesvas im garemoebas, rom istoriuli gamocdilebisa da tradiciebis mqone usd-ebi jer mainc myarad dganan warsulis faseulobebze da jerjerobiT arc konkurentunarianobis TvalsazrisiT uWirT, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es aris mdgomareoba 50X50-ze, momavali damokidebulia aramxolod Rirseul warsulze, aramed progresze, SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebaze da rac umTavresia, personalis, xazgasmiT akademiuri personalis, kompetenturobaze, profesionalizmze, yoveldRiur zrdaze. TviT yoveldRiurobaa mravalferovni moTxovnilebebis TvalTaxedviT. sazogadoebaSi warmateba eliT im usd-ebs, romlebic Seewyobian mudmivad cvlad pirobebs, iqnebian ufro moqnilebi socialuri TvalsazrisiT.

1.4. sajaro samarTlisa da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pir

usd-ebis personali dRes umniSvnelovanesia ramdenad konkurentunariania

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, ganurCevlad imisa, sajaro Tu kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs warmoadgens. msoflio tendenciebma saxelmwifo da kerZo umaRlesi ganaTlebas Soris upiratesobis sazRvrebi bazarze gaavlo. sadReisod, kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis garkveulma nawilma (daaxloebiT 5-6 kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba) SeZlo rig specialobebSi, Cvens qveyanaSi, gaeswro yvela tipis umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisaTvis da gamxdariyo yvelaze maRalreitinguli iseT umniSvnelovanes mimarTulebebSi, rogoricaa: ekonomika, biznesis administrireba da a.S. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am specialobebSi isini uswreben saxelmwifo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom maT tradiciuli baza gaaCniaT. TumcaRa unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelmwifo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis konkurentoba namdvilad ver SeZles kerZo umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebma iuridiul, humanitarul da zust da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi, iseve rogorc, rig teqnikur specialobebSi. TumcaRa, kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis garkveulma nawilma ufro adre SeZlo efeqturi kompiuteruli meTodikebis danergva iseT sferoebSi, rogorebicaa studentTa monacemTa srulfasovani bazis Seqmna, studentTa registracia, gamocdebis ganrigebis Sedgena da a.S. ramac ganapiroba kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis winswreba erT dros maRalreintinguli da dResac istoriuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisaTvis.

magaliTad, 2006 wels, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets, sadac 20.000-ze meti studenti swavlobda, gamoyenebaSi hqonda mxolod 100-ze meti kompiuteri. bunebrivia, am SemTxvevaSi, warmoudgeneli iyo saubari sainformacio teqnologiebis integrirebaze saswavlo procesTan. am dros ramdenime, magram reitingul umaRles kerZo

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saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi es problemebi gadawyvetili iyo da studentebs emsaxurebodaT Tanamedrove teqnikiT aRWurvili kompiuteruli klasebi, hqondaT saSualeba emuSavaT calkeul proeqtebze da moewyoT prezentaciebi.

xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom 2007-2008 wlebSi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi radikalurad Seicvala suraTi am TvalsazrisiT. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mxardaWeriT studentebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxda aseulobiT kompiuteri. sxvadasxva saswavlo korpusebSi amoqmedda kompiuteruli centrebi, klasebi da a.S.

sazogadoebaSi xSirad amboben, rom saqarTveloSi kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi gamoirCevian mcire moculobiT, studentTa kontingentic mcirericxovania da SedarebiT ufro martivia maTi marTva. TumcaRa, es ar cvlis damokidebulebas swavlebis xarisxisadmi, iniciativianobas, riskisaTvis mzadyofnas, gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis, maTi SesaZlo Sedegebis ganWvretis da maT mier pasuxismgeblobis aRebis unars.

albaT, ar aris dominanti umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis efeqturi marTvis uzrunvelsayofad misi moculoba an studentTa kontingentis ricxovneba, umTavresia im adamianebis profesionalizmi da kompetenturoba, vinc dganan swavlebisa da kvlevis xarisxis amaRlebisa da sazogadod marTvis pultTan umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis TiToeul struqturaSic ki, radgan akademiuri, administraciuli da damxmare personalis profesionalizmi, maRalkvalificiuroba da pasuxismgeblobis maqsimumi – mindobili saqmisadmi, es faqtorebi warmoadgenen umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis ganviTarebis garantias.

identuria Tu ara saxelmwifo da kerZo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi personalis ganwyoba da damokidebuleba saqmisasadmi?! Tu erT mxares ganvixilavT tradiciul, istoriuli gamocdilebis mqone, sazogadoebis ndobiTa da avtoritetiT aRWurvil umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs (magaliTad, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti) da bolo wlebSi reitingiT sagrZnoblad dawinaurebul ramdenime kerZo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas (rogoricaa Sps `kavkasiis universiteti~, Sps `Tbilisis Tavisufali universiteti~, Sps `Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universiteti~ da sxva) aRmovaCenT, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis personali ZiriTadad warmodgenilia SemsrulebelTa da ara iniciatorTa gundiT (ra Tqma unda, sxvadasxva Sefasebebis farglebSi -`sanimuSo~, `kargi~, `saSualo~ da a.S.), xazgasmiT minda aRvniSno, rom am SemTxvevaSi saubari maqvs administraciul-damxmare personalze, radgan akademiuri personalis garkveul nawils, igive Tbilisis saxelwifo universitetSi, jer kidev SenarCunebuli aqvs is muxti, rac calkeul specialobaTa ganviTarebisaTvis aris saWiro (TumcaRa sWirdebaT Sesabamisi pirobebi) da aucilebelia es muxti

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gadarCes da ganviTardes. am mxriv dadebiT momentad SeiZleba ganvixiloT maTTan èqskluziuri~ kontraqtebis gaformebis praqtika (romelic zRudavs maT saqmianobas sxva umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis farglebSi), rac mniSvnelovanwilad aumjobesebs maT finansur mdgomareobas, TumcaRa amgvarma praqtikam, ra Tqma unda xeli ar unda SeuSalos akademiuri Tavisuflebisa da akademiuri mobilobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs.

ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv kerZo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi? iq suraTi sxvagvaria: ufro maRalia personalis swrafva siaxleebis Ziebisa da danergvisaken, saerTaSoriso kontaqtebis gafarToebisa da gaRrmavebisaken, abiturientebisaTvis Tanamedroveobas morgebuli, mizidveli programebis SeTavazebisaken, radgan es aris gza TviTdamkvidrebisaken, kerZo usd-ebis konkurentunarianobis bades qmnis iq moRvawe personali da es maT (xazgasmiT reintingul saswavleblebs) srulad aqvT gacnobierebuli. e.i. martivad rom vTqvaT, kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisaTvis ucxoa TviTdamSvidebis is stili, rac garkveulwilad, mcire doziT, magram mainc aRiniSneba saxelmwifo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi.

faqtia, rom dRes Cvens qveyanaSi dasaqmebis TvalsazrisiT, ufro metad gza xsnili aqvT kursdamTavrebulebs, romlebmac umaRlesi ganaTleba evropul da amerikul usd-ebSi miiRes, an adgilobrivi usd-ebis farglebSi, im specialobaTa kursdamTavrebulebebs, romlebmac moaxerxes ormagi programebis gavla ucxoeTis usd-ebTan aliansSi. es, jerjerobiT, saqarTveloSi ramdenime usd-m SeZlo. e.i. faqtiurad, aRniSnuli SedegiT gakeTebuli daskvna erTaderTia – orientiria swavlebis xarisxi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, maRalkvalificiuri specialistis formirebis ganmsazRvrelia.

swavlis safasuris gansazRvris Tavisufleba kerZo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs upirates mdgomareobaSi ayenebs, radgan im safasuris saSualo done, romlebsac axdevineben kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, aRemateba safasurebs saxelmwifo dawesebulebebisaTvis. amis gamo, maT SeswevT unari gadaqaCon maRali profesionalizmis mqone adamianuri resursebi, rac Tavis mxriv, swavlebis xarisxis gamsazRvrelia.

1.5. usd-s akademiuri personalis SromiTi urTierTobebi xazgasasmelia, iseTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxi, rogoricaa

akademiuri personalis SromiTi urTierTobebi. saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 36-e muxlis 1 punqtis Sesabamisad, àkademiur personalTan SromiTi xelSekruleba ideba Sromis kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli vadiT~. amavdroulad, saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis me-6 muxlis 1 punqtis safuZvelze, `SromiTi xelSekruleba ideba werilobiTi an zepiri formiT, gansazRvruli, ganusazRvreli an samuSaos Sesrulebis vadiT~. bunebrivia, efeqturi iqneboda, saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad konkursgavlil

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akademiur personalTan, SromiTi xelSekrulebebi gaformebuliyo ganusazRvreli vadiT da ara, Tu ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis magaliTs moviyvanT, 2-3 wlis vadiT (3 wlis vadiT srul da asocirebul profesorebTan, 2 wlis vadiT asistent-profesorebTan), radgan uvado xelSekrulebebi mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobda xels akademiuri personalis damoukideblobisa da akademiuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis zrdas, rac Tavis mxriv, swavlebisa da kvlevis ganviTarebisa da srulyofis ganmsazRvreli gaxdeboda.

1.6. usd-s personalis SeTavsebadobis praqtika ùsd-Ta akademiuri muSakebis umravlesoba an erTdroulad

muSaobs orive seqtorSi, an, Tavdapirvelad, ekavaT Tanamdebobebi saxelmwifo usd-ebSi. aseTi situacia Camoyalibda imis gamo, rom ukanasknel 15 weliwadSi evropis mraval qveyanaSi kerZo umaRlesi ganaTleba Zalze swrafad viTardeboda. radgan kerZo usd-ebis personalis mniSvnelovani nawili muSaobs naxevar ganakveTze an xelSekrulebiT~181

xazgasasmelia, rom sul ufro farTod vrceldeba SeTavsebadobis praqtika saqarTveloSic, rodesac pedagogebi erTdroulad muSaoben saxelmwifo usd-ebSic da kerZoebSic. nawilobriv es aixsneba sakadro resursebis naklebobiT umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemaSi. SesaZlebelia, droTa ganmavlobaSi es problema garkveulwilad dakargavs Tavis simwvaves.

xazgasasmelia, rom saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 42-e muxliT gansazRvrulia Tanamdebobrivi SeuTavsebloba umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi, rogorc administraciuli Tanamdebobis pirTa, aseve akademiuri sabWos wevrebisa da warmomadgenlobiTi sabWos spikerTan mimarTebaSi. amavdroulad, `Tu administraciuli Tanamdebobis dakavebis an marTvis organos wevrobis winapirobaa akademiur Tanamdebobaze yofna, akademiur Tanamdebobaze yofnis vadis gasvla iwvevs Sesabamis administraciul Tanamdebobaze an marTvis organoSi uflebamosilebis Sewyvetas akademiuri Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad gamocxadebuli konkursis Sedegebis damtkicebisTanave, Tu piri ar airCa Sesabamis akademiur Tanamdebobaze~.182 saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 42-e muxlis me-4 punqtis Tanaxmad: àkademiuri, maswavlebelTa da damxmare personalis samsaxureobrivi SeuTavsebloba ganisazRvreba kanonmdeblobiTa da umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wesdebiT~.

amasTan, saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis me-8 muxlis 1 punqtis mixedviT: `SromiTi xelSekruleba SeTavsebiT samuSaoze SeiZleba daidos pirTan, romelsac ZiriTadi samuSaodan Tavisufal dros SeuZlia sxva anazRaurebadi samuSaos Sesruleba~. am dros Tavs iCens garkveuli problemebic, kerZod:

181 Фрид Йохен, Гласс А., Баумгартл Б. стр.2 182 sk ugS - muxli 42 punqti 11.

115

pirveli, rom usd-s administraciul an damxmare personals, romelsac adgilze, an sxva usd-Si SeTavsebuli aqvs akademiuri personalis funqcia, garkveulwilad am samuSaos Sesruleba uwevs ara `samuSaodan Tavisufal dros~, aramed ZiriTadi samuSaos xarjze da meore, Tu yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT im faqtze, rom usd-eebi erTmaneTis konkurentebi arian yvela parametris mixedviT, personalis moRvaweoba paralelurad or an met usd-Si ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis me-8 muxlis me-2 punqtis moTxovnebs: `dasaqmebulis ufleba, Seasrulos sxva samuSao, SesaZlebelia SromiTi xelSekrulebiT SeizRudos, Tu aseTi samuSaos Sesrulebam SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos mis ZiriTad samuSaosTan dakavSirebuli movaleobebis Serulebas an/da Tu piri, romlisTvisac unda Sesruldes SeTavsebiTi samuSao, damsaqmeblis konkurentia~.

bunebrivia, kanoniT SemoTavazebuli normebis dacvisaTvis umTavresia, ra pirobebs vuqmniT personals, ZiriTad samuSao adgilze, samuSao pirobebisa da finansuri moTxovnebis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT.

aseve sayuradReboa, personalis samuSao drois xangrZlivobis regulirebis sakiTxi. saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis me-14 muxlis 1 punqtis Tanaxmad `Tu SromiTi xelSekrulebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, damsaqmeblis mier gansazRvruli samuSao drois xangrZlivoba, romlis ganmavlobaSic dasaqmebuli asrulebs samuSaos, ar unda aRematebodes kviraSi 41 saaTs. samuSao droSi ar iTvleba Sesvenebis da dasvenebs dro~.

aRniSnulis mixedviT, erT an met usd-Si dasaqmebulis samuSao drois xangrZlivoba jamurad ar unda aRematebodes zemoaRniSnuli kanoniT gansazRvruls. TumcaRa, Tu rogoria personalis individualuri datvirTva jamurad, am mimarTebiT monitoringis ganxorcielebiT, usd-eebi naklebad arian dakavebulni. maTTvis umTavresia dasaqmebulma Seasrulos SromiTi xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli movaleobebi konkretuli usd-s farglebSi.

personalis SeTavsebadobas garkveulwilad aqvs rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi aspeqtebi. yvelaze xSirad SeTavsebadobis praqtika iwvevs ukmayofilebas da eqceva kritikis qveS imis gamo, rom mas mivyavarT umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxisa da samecniero-kvleviT moRvaweobaSi pedagogebis monawileobis Semcirebamde, kerZo usd-ebis mier saxelmwifo universitetebis reputaciis `eqspluataciamde~, interesebis konfliqtamde.

rogorc aRvniSneT, umaRlesi ganaTlebis am realias gaaCnia, agreTve rigi upiratesobebi.

SeTavsebadoba xels uwyobs: swavlebis meTodebis urTierTgacvlas, samecniero kvlevebis zogierT dargSi SesaZleblobaTa gafarToebas, finansur sargebels damatebiTi Semosavlebis xarjze, axdens akademiuri personalis motivirebas darCnen samSobloSi.

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amJamad SeTavsebadoba sxvadasxvagvarad aisaxeba saxelmwifo da kerZo usd-ebis reputaciaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom profesorebi xSirad erTi da igiveni arian, iqmneba iseTi STabeWdileba, rom maTi saqmianobis reitingi damokidebulia usd-s tipze. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, saxelmwifo universitetebi igeben mudmiv safuZvelze momuSave maTi pedagogebis reputaciis wyalobiT. igive profesorebi, aswavlian ra SeTavsebiT kerZo usd-ebSi, iReben ufro dabal reitingul qulebs. garda amisa, ramdenime universitetSi momuSave profesorebis samecniero moRvaweobis Sedegebi, rogorc wesi, miewereba saxelmwifo usd-ebs, romelic warmoadgens maTTvis muSaobis ZiriTad adgils. kerZo usd-ebi, Cveulebriv, ar acxadeben pretenzias kvleviT produqciaze TavianTi SemTavseblebis mier.

1.7. personalis optimizacia (Tsu-Si personalis SesarCevad Catarebuli konkursebi)

rodesac umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis personalze vmsjelobT, magalisaTvis ar SeiZleba xazi ar gausvaT maT optimizaciasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. warmogidgenT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis personalis dinamikas reformamde da reformis Semdeg (ixileT cxrili # 2)

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi administraciul-damxmare personalis SesarCevad Casatarebel konkursze 2007 wlis 15 marts gazeT `24 saaTSi~ gamocxadda 625 saStato erTeuli departamentebis mixedviT. Seqmnili iqna sakonkurso komisia da samdivno (Tsu-s administraciis xelmZRvanelis brZaneba # 11/02-01; 2007 wlis 14.03), SemuSavda da damtkicda konkursis Catarebis wesebi (Tsu-s administraciis xelmZRvanelis brZaneba # 26/02-01; 2007 w. 18.04), Sesabamisad Seiqmna sapretenzio komisiac.

konkursi Catarda or etapad: I etapis mixedviT SerCeva ganxorcielda warmodgenili dokumentaciis mixedviT, xolo II etapze Catarda gasaubreba. miuxedavad imisa, rom erTi SexedviT sakonkurso procedurebi SemuSavda iuridiuli standartebis sruli dacviT, mainc konkursantebis mxridan samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT sadao gaxda rigi sakiTxebisa, ris gamoc, davebma sapretenzio komisiidan sasamarTloebSi gadainacvla.

magaliTad, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegias, 2007 wlis 10 oqtombers sasarCelo gancxadebiT mimarTes mosarCeleebma - o.a.-m, n.k.-m, e.d.-m, n.g.-m, m.k.-m, mopasuxe ssip ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mimarT da moiTxoves individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqtis - konkursis Sedegebis baTilad cnoba da axali individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqtis gamocema. mopasuxe ssip ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetma sadao gaxada gasaCivrebuli aqtis, kerZod, 2007 wlis 20 agvistos # 237/02-03 brZanebis, mosarCeleebis SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetis, samsaxurSi miRebisa da iZulebiTi ganacduris anazRaurebaze sasamarTlos gansjadobiT ganxilvis sakiTxi.

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cxrili 2

ივ. ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის პერსონალის რიცხოვნობა 2005-2009 წლებში (კაცი)

ადმინისტრაციულ-დამხმარე და სხვა პერსონალი 2005-2010 წლები

დასახელება 31. 03. 2005 წ. 31. 12. 2006 წ.

30. 06. 2007 წ.

(კონკურსამდე) 30. 12. 2007 წ.

შტატი ხელშეკ სულ შტატი ხელშეკ. სულ შტატი ხელშეკ. სულ შტატი ხელშეკ. სულ

ადმინისტრაცია

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დამხმარე პერსონალი 705 0 705 660 31 691 597 25 622 361 35 396

სულ: 2272 248 2520 1544 365 1909 1352 357 1709 548 402 950

დასახელება 31. 12. 2008 წ. 30.12.09 2010 წლის ივლისი

შტატი

ხელშ

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ხელშე

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ხელშეკ

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(ცენტრალური) 169 490 659 183 488 671 180 580 760


დამხმარე პერსონალი 387 64 451 395 115 510 375 94 469

სულ: 556 554 1110 578 603 1181 555 674 1229

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აკადემიური და მოწვეული პერსონალი 2005 - 2010 წლები

დასახელება 2005

წელი

2005-2006

სასწავლო წელი

2006-2007


2007-2008


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მასწავლებელი 0 0 1047 1057 892 973 975 769 770 1039 808

სულ: 2266 2099 3046 1806 1768 1842 1818 1605 1611 1712 1486

შენიშვნა: 2005 წლის (გაზაფხული-შემოდგომა) მოწვეული ლექტორების მონაცემი პერსონალის მართვის დეპარტამენტში

არ იძებნება: მოწვეული პედაგოგების რაოდენობა დათვლილია ენების შემსწავლელი ცენტრის მოწვეული პედაგოგების

ჩათვლი

119

kerZod, mopasuxis ganmartebiT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi dava ar gamomdinareobs administraciuli kanonmdeblobidan. TviTon mosarCeleebi uTiTeben sarCelSi, rom sakonkurso komisiis gadawyvetilebas hqonda sarekomendacio xasiaTi, xolo sakiTxis gadawyvetis uflebamosileba hqonda administraciis xelmZRvanels. amasTan, vinaidan brZanebis ZiriTad safuZvelad miTiTebulia Sromis kodeqsi, dava unda iqnas ganxiluli samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT. sasamarTlom ixelmZRvanela saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis pirveli, me-2, 26.2, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-22, 284-285-e muxlebiT da daadgina, rom mosarCeleTa sarCeli mopasuxe ssip ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mimarT – 2007 wlis 20 agvistos # 237/02-03 brZanebis, mosarCeleebis SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetis nawilSi, baTilad cnobis, samsaxurSi miRebisa da iZulebiTi ganacduris anazRurebis Taobaze gansjadobiT gansaxilvelad gadaegzavnos Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegias.183

moviyvanoT magaliTi akademiur personalTan dakavSirebiT: 2009 wlis 25 marts, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos

administraciul da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa palatam ganixila Tsu-s akademiuri personalis SesarCev konkursSi monawile n. k.-s sasarCelo gancxadeba mopasuxe ssip ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mimarT, 04.08.06w. #01-02/410 brZanebis nawilobriv baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.

sakasacio sasamarTlom ixelmZRvanela saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis pirveli muxlis meore nawiliT, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 284-e, 285-e, 419-e, 420-e muxlebiT da daadgina, rom n. k.-s kerZo saCivari dakmayofildes. gauqmdes Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa palatis 02.07.08w. ganCineba da saqme gansaxilvelad daubrundes Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa palatas.184

2005 wlis 4 oqtombers Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegias sarCeliT mimarTa mosarCelem m.k-m da moiTxova: 1. baTilad yofiliyo cnobili iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tsu-s reqtoris movaleobis Semsruleblis 05.09.05 w. # 164 brZaneba da iuridiul fakultetze Catarebuli konkursis Sedegebi; 2. baTilad yofiliyo cnobili iuridiuli fakultetis droebiTi sakonkurso komisiis sxdomis oqmi, romliTac rekomendacia gaewia reqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebels, konkursSi gamarjvebul pirTa dasaniSnad; 3. davaleboda reqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebels Seeqmna axali sakonkurso komisia, romelic ar iqneboda dakompleqtebuli konkursantebisagan da Tanasworebisa da samarTlianobis sawyisze ganixilavda yvela konkursantis ganacxads. mopasuxem sarCeli ar scno da moiTxova

183 Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegiis ganCineba 2008 w. 184 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos administraciul da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa palatis dadgenileba 2009 w.

120

mis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma usafuZvlobis gamo. sasamarTlom ixelmZRvanela saqarTvelos administraciul saproceso kodeqsis pirveli muxlis me-2 nawiliT, me-12, me-13, 34-e muxlebiT, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 243-e, 247-249-e, 254-, 367-e, 369-e muxlebiT da mosarCelis sarCeli ar daakmayofila usafuZvlobis gamo.185

konkretuli magaliTebi ukavSirdeba pirvel SemTxvevaSi damxmare personals. damxmare personalis, iseve rogorc, zog SemTxvevaSi, administraciuli personalis, sakonkurso SerCevis aucilebloba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli ar aris, magram sajaroobis, gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT, efeqturia da amdenad farTodac damkvidrda usd-ebis praqtikaSi. saubaria e.w. `mudmiv~, anu Statian personalze.

meore SemTxvevaSi moyvanilia magaliTebi akademiur personalTan dakavSirebiT.

konkursis wesiT daniSnuli akademiuri personalis upiratesoba xelSekrulebis safuZvelze mowveuli leqtorebisagan vlindeba uflebis dacvis gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi saSualebebis arsebobaSi. kerZod, saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Tanaxmad, usd-s akademiur personalTan dakavSirebuli davebi ganixileba administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis wesiT, xolo xelSekrulebis safuZvelze dasaqmebuli akademiur personalTan, iseve rogorc adminstraciul da damxmare personalTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT.

xSirad usd-ebi ar axorcieleben aqtiur saqmianobas kadrebis momzadebis bazarze. aseTi mdgomareoba nawilobriv aixsneba imiT, rom erTis mxriv, kadrebis uwyveti momzadeba ar warmodgens maTi pirvelxarisxovani zrunvis sagans. meores mxriv, isini amjobineben mimarTon treningis kerZo kompaniebs an arasamTavrobo organizaciebs. isini ufro moqnilad udgebian klientebis specifikur moTxovnilebebs, im universitetebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic dRemde iTvlebian biurokratizirebulad, da uunarod gaiTvaliswinon konkretuli saxis SromiTi saqmianobis praqtikuli aspeqtebi. mTlianobaSi – zogierTi sakmaod SesamCnevi gamonaklisiT – momzadebis bazris klientebi umravles SemTxvevaSi amjobineben kvalificirebul eqspertebs. ukanasknel wlebSi pirofesiuli momzadebis bazarze gamoCnda axali agresiuli moTamaSe: profesiuli gaerTianebebi, kerZod, iseTebi, rogorebicaa buRaltrebis, eqimebis, fsiqologebis da a.S. asociaciebi, romlebic TavianT wevrebs aqtiurad sTavazoben profesiul momzadebas; es momzadeba, Cveulebriv, xorcieldeba gamocdili praqtikosebis – TavianT dargSi cnobili eqspertebis mier. aseTi momsaxureobebis danarCenma provaiderebma unda miiRon Sesabamisi profesiuli asociaciis akreditacia. am pirobebSi, miuxedavad kadrebis momzadebaSi mudmivad mzardi moTxovnilebisa,

185 Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegiis gadawyvetileba 2009 weli.

121

universitetebi arakonkurentunarianebi arian profesiuli momzadebis bazarze. imisaTvis, rom gavidnen pirvel poziciebze universitetebma unda iswavlon TavianTi programebis adaptireba klientis specifikuri moTxovnilebebisadmi.

1.8. paralelebi didi britaneTisa da saqarTvelos usd-ebis

personalTan dakavSirebiT sayuradReboa, rom personalTan dakavSirebiT sxva qveynebis

umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSic gvxvdeba garkveuli problemebi. magaliTad SegviZlia moviyvanoT didi britaneTis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis praqtika da paralelebi gavavloT qarTul umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebebTan. am SedarebisTvis gamoviyene profesor ken edvardsis statia - àxali midgoma umaRles ganaTlebaSi personalis daqiravebis sakiTxisadmi~.

sakiTxi aqtualuria upirvelesad imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ganxiluli problema saerToa umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saerTaSoriso sivrcisaTvis. profesor ken edvards problemis srulfasovani warmoCenisaTvis gamoyenebuli aqvs SedarebiTi analizis meTodi. analizis fonze igi upiratesobas aniWebs `mudmiv~ personals, romelsac dasaqmebis mtkice garantiebi aqvs, vidre `droebiTi~ xelSekrulebiT daqiravebul muSakebs, rasac amarTlebs maTi akademiuri Tavisuflebis SezRudvis motiviT, Tumca, xazs usvams, droebiTi kategoriis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, finansuri sirTuleebis regulirebis sakiTxs.

didi britaneTis universitetebSi akademiuri personalis daqiravebis pirobebis analogi, qveynebs Soris gansxvavebis miuxedavad, saerTaSoriso asparezzec gvxvdeba.

didi britaneTis akademiuri personali or msxvil kategoriad gaiyo, romelTagan erT-erTi sakariero SesaZleblobebis da akademiuri Tavisuflebis mkacr SezRudvebs ganicdis im arasakmarisi moqnilobis gamo, romelic ganpirobebulia meore, `mudmivi~ jgufisaTvis micemuli zedmeti garantiebiT.

amasTan dakavSirebiT, mravali universiteti sul ufro farTod iyenebs `droebiTi SromiTi xelSekrulebebiT personalis daqiravebis praqtikas~, rac saSualebas iZleva ufro moqnilad reagirebdnen dafinansebis moculobaTa Secvlaze.

profesor ken edvardsis azriT: ùnda mivaRwioT wonasworobas erTi mxriv, individualur akademiur Tavisuflebas da yvela TanamSromlisadmi erTnair damokidebulebas, da meore mxriv, yvela TanamSromlisaTvis warmatebuli institucionaluri ganviTarebisa da maqsimaluri SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofas Soris~.

saqarTvelos kanonis - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ ganmartebiT, akademiuri Tavisufleba aris àkademiuri personalisa da studentTa ufleba damoukideblad ganaxorcielon samecniero kvleva, swavleba da swavla~. yoveli universiteti ar warmoadgens ubralod calkeul akademiur

122

muSakTa erTobliobas, romlebic individualuri survilebiT xelmZRvaneloben. axla universitetis avtonomia, ar niSnavs imas, rom universiteti asrulebs buferis rols, romelic icavs akademiur Tavisuflebas garedan zemoqmedebisagan.

bunebrivia, akademiuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi ufro maRalia im personalTan mimarTebaSi, romelsac did britaneTSi `mudmivs~, anu `Statians~ uwodebs, anu Cvens pirobebSi es SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc Tsu-s saStato ganrigiT gansazRvruli da damtkicebuli akademiuri personali, romlis SerCeva saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 34-e muxlis Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes `mxolod Ria konkursis wesiT, romelic unda Seesabamebodes gamWvirvalobis, Tanasworobisa da samarTliani konkurenciis principebs~.

ra Tqma unda, Cveni qveynis umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi (rogorc Tsu-Si) gamoyenebulia moklevadiani SromiTi xelSekrulebebis praqtikac, romelic namdvilad iZleva garkveul finansur efeqtebs, miT umetes, Tu TanamSromlis funqcia amowurulia da Sesrulebulia etapis amocanac. amdagvari praqtika damkvidrebulia ara mxolod umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis akademiur personalTan, aramed administraciul da damxmare personalTan mimarTebaSic. TumcaRa, xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom `mudmivi~ da `droebiTi~ TanamSromlebi Tanabar pirobebSi ar imyofebian garkveuli mimarTulebebiT, es SeiZleba realobad miviCnioT Tsu-s magaliTzec (TanamSromelTa janmrTelobis dazRveva da sxva).

didi britaneTis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis magaliTze ori kategoriis – `mudmivi~ da `droebiTi~ personalis arseboba, profesor ken edvarss nakleb efeqturad esaxeba. TumcaRa, Cemi mosazrebiT, paralelur reJimSi, am kategoriebis arsebobas, uaryofiTTan erTad, namdvilad aqvs Tavisi dadebiTi aspeqtebi. amasTan, SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli sakiTxis regulireba ufro efeqturad, Tu umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba SeZlebs sworad gansazRvros sauniversiteto sakadro politika da dasaxuli miznebisa da amocanebis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyos kadrebis optimizacia.

1.9. 65 weli – usd-Si moRvaweobis zRvari?! umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis personalis

sakiTxis ganxilvisas SeuZlebelia ar SevexoT sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis metad mniSvnelovan problemas, rasac qmnis emeritusis wodebis miniWebis sakiTxi. xazgasasmelia, rom Tavdapirvelad, saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 39-e muxlis me-2 punqtiT gansazRvruli iyo ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis 65 wlis asaks miRweul yvela profesors eniWeba emeritusis wodeba~. aRniSnuli ki umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas avaldebulebda emiritusis wodebis miniWebamde arsebuli xelfasisa da saxelmwifo pensiis odenobebs Soris gansxvavebis dafarvas. aRniSnuli namdvilad jdeba maTi Rvawlis umaRlesi

123

saxelmwifo dawesebulebis mier dafasebis konteqstSi, TumcaRa problemebs qmnis ssip umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mxridan safinanso uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT, im pirobebSic ki, rodesac aRniSnul kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sesabamisad 39-e muxlis me-2 punqtSi dakonkretda, rom emiritusis wodeba eniWeba `65 wlis asaks miRweul yvela srul profesors~. e.i. emeritusebis raodenoba mcirdeboda.

xazgasasmelia, rom saqarTvelos kanonSi `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Setanili Semdgomi cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, 39-e muxlis me-2 punqti Camoyalibda Semdegi redaqciiT: `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis 65 wels miRweul yvela srul profesors eniWeba emeritusis wodeba, garda im pirebisa, romlebic akademiur Tanamdebobaze arCeul iqnen am kanonis 36-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Sesabamisad an am kanonis 36-e muxlis me-4 punqtis Tanaxmad agrZeleben akademiur Tanamdebobaze yofnas. am pirebs emeritusis wodeba mieniWebaT akademiur Tanamdebobaze arCevis vadis gasvlis Semdeg. am vadis gasvlamde emeritusis wodebis miniWeba SesaZlebelia mxolod umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis reqtoris TanxmobiT~.

bunebrivia aRniSnuli cvlileba ganapiroba, pirvel rigSi, 36-e muxlis me-3 punqtSi Setanilma cvlilebam `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis akademiur Tanamdebobaze 65 wels miRweuli piris arCevis SesaZleblobis Taobaze gadawyvetilebas iRebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis akademiuri sabWo siiTi Semadgenlobis ori mesamediT. akademiurma sabWom aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba miiRos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisaTvis, fakultetisaTvis an fakultetis calkeuli mimarTulebisaTvis~

aRniSnul cvlilebamde 36-e muxlis (akademiuri personalis SromiTi urTierTobebi) me-2 punqti warmodgenili iyo aseTi saxiT: `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis akademiur Tanamdebobaze ar SeiZleba arCeul iqnes 65 wels miRweuli piri~. (ixileT cxrili # 3)

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cxrili 3

თსუ აკადემიური პერსონალი - 60-65 წლამდე და 65 წელს ზემოთ 2010 წლის ივლისის მდგომარეობით (აბსოლუტური მაჩვენებელი)

ფაკულტეტი

60-დან 65 წლამდე 65 წლიდან ზემოთ

საერ

თო

რაო

დენ

ობა

ქალი კაცი

სულ

ქალი კაცი

სულ

სრული

პროფესორი

ასოცირებილი


ასისტ

ენტ


სულ

სრული




ასისტ

ენტ


სულ

სრული




ასისტ

ენტ


სულ

სრული




ასისტ

ენტ


სულ

1 ჰუმანიტარულ

მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტი 3 7 1 11 1 4 1 6 17 1 21 1 23 5 12 1 18 41 58

2

ზუსტ და

საბუნებისმეტყველო

მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტი 1 3 5 9 5 15 1 21 30 1 1 5 19 2 26 27 57

3 ეკონომიკისა და ბიზნესის

ფაკულტეტი 6 1 7 1 5 1 7 14 1 1 2 19 3 22 24 38

4 მედიცინის ფაკულტეტი 1 3 4 5 2 7 11 2 1 3 2 3 1 6 9 20

5 იურიდიული ფაკულტეტი 1 1 3 3 4 4

6 სოციალურ და პოლიტიკურ

მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტი 1 1 3 5 2 2 7 1 1 2 1 1 2 4 11

7 სულ: 5 18 13 36 12 26 5 43 79 10 26 3 32 21 54 7 77 109 188

Tavi IX. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis organizaciul-

samarTlebrivi mowyobis formebi

§ 1. sajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis dafuZneba usd-s statusis mopovebis mizniT

1.1. zogadad iuridiuli pirebis arseboba garkveul samarTlebriv

sistemaSi damokidebulia rig ekonomikur da politikur faqtorebze. rogorc iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori e. suxanovi aRniSnavda: ìuridiuli pirebis warmoqmna, funqcionireba da ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad ganisazRvreba ekonomikaSi gabatonebuli sameurneo meqanizmis tipiT, e.i. ekonomikuri saqmianobis regulatoruli miRebuli sistemebiT – sabazro, sagegmo-centralizebuli, Sereuli, gardamavali. aRniSnuli gaTvaliswinebiT farTovdeba an ikveceba iuridiuli pirebis qseli...~186

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis Tanaxmad: ìuridiuli piri SeiZleba iyos korporaciulad organizebuli, wevrobaze dafuZnebuli, wevrTa mdgomareobaze damokidebuli an misgan damoukidebeli da misdevdes an ar misdevdes mewarmeobas.~187

upirveles yovlisa, zogadi sawyisebi iuridiuli pirebis dayofisaTvis asaxvas pouloben samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic iuridiul pirebs ajgufebs sajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebad. amavdroulad xazi unda gaesvas erT garemoebas, rom `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi samoqalaqo-samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi monawileoben iseve, rogorc kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi~188.

xazgasasmelia, rom èrT-erTi ZiriTadi gansxvaveba kerZo da sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirebs Sori maT dafuZnebaSi vlindeba.

kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri misi damfuZneblis Tu damfuZnebelTa (erToblivi) nebis gamovlenis safuZvelze iqmneba. misi uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba am nebis saxelmwifo da sagadasaxado registraciis momentidan.

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri iqmneba `kanonis~ safuZvelze~.189 samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT, samewarmeo (komerciuli) iuridiuli piri, unda Seiqmnas `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad.

saqarTvelos kanonis `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ Tanaxmad, `mewarme subieqtebi arian: individualuri mewarme, solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (sps), komandituri sazogadoeba (ks),

186 Е.А. Суханов Гражданское право. С. 178-179 187 ssk - . muxli 24, punqti 2 188 ssk - muxli 24, punqti 3 189 kereseliZe d., gv.170

126

SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (Sps), saaqcio sazogadoeba (ss, korporacia) da kooperativi.~190. xazgasasmelia, rom `solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba, komandituri sazogadoeba, SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba, saaqcio sazogadoeba da kooperativi warmoadgenen iuridiuli piris statusis mqone sawarmoebs (kompaniebs)~.191

yvela SemTxvevaSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos umaRles

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formaa Sps, romelic saqarTvelos kanonis `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ Tanaxmad àris sazogadoeba, romlis pasuxismgebloba misi kreditorebis winaSe Semoifargleba mTeli misi qonebiT. aseTi sazogadoebis dafuZneba SeuZlia erT pirsac.~192

amavdroulad, xazgasasmelia rom: ìuridiuli piri, romlis mizania arasamewarmeo saqmianoba, unda daregistrirdes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT~.193

Tavdapirvelad, saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, me-11 muxlis 1 punqtis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos SeeZlo usd-s dafuZneba mxolod sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT: `saxelmwifo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas afuZnebs mxolod sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT~.

zemoaRniSnul kanonSi 2009 wels Setanili cvlilebebis safuZvelze: `saxelmwifo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas afuZnebs sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris an kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris formiT. (es punqti amoqmeddes 2010-2011 saswavlo wlis dawyebisTanave).~ 194

saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, 2010 wlis seqtemberSi, avtorizaciis institutis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT, ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis mixedviT ganisazRvra, rom saxelmwifos, iseve rogorc calkeul subieqtebs, aqvT uflebamosileba daafuZnon ara umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, aramed sajaro an kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT.

amdenad, aRniSnuli kanonis me-6 muxlis 1 punqtis d) punqtis Sesabamisad, gansazRvruli saqarTvelos mTavrobis uflebamosileba: `ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros wardginebiT afuZnebs sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs - umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas, agreTve kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciul) iuridiul pirs - umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas. (es qvepunqti amoqmeddes

190 sk mS - muxli 2. punqti 1. 191 sk mS - muxli 2. punqti 3. 192 sk mS - muxli 44, punqti 1. 193 ssk - muxli 24, punqti 6 194 sk ugS - muxli 11, punqti1

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2010-2011 saswavlo wlis dawyebisTanave).~ Camoyalibda Semdegi redaqciiT `d) saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros wardginebiT afuZnebs sajaro samarTlis an kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciul) iuridiul pirs umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT.~195

aseve, saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT, me-11 muxlis 1-li punqti Camoyalibda Semdegi redaqciiT: `saxelmwifo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT afuZnebs sajaro samarTlis an kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciul) iuridiul pirs~.

saqarTvelos kanonSi ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ cvlilebebis Setanamde `saxelmwifo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafuZnebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mTavrobis aqtiT ganisazRvreba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis saxelwodeba, saxe, mizani da misTvis gadasacemi qonebis nusxa.~196 ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sedegad, ganisazRvreba ara usd-s saxelwodeba da a.S., aramed: ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT sajaro samarTlis an kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris dafuZnebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mTavrobis aqtiT ganisazRvreba dawesebulebis saxelwodeba, mizani da misTvis qonebis gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi, ganisazRvreba reqtoris movaleobis Semsruleblis avtorizaciis gavlasTan da umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli uflebamosilebebi marTvis organoebis arCevamde.~197

saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos hqonda uflebamosileba: ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba daafuZnos kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris formiT. (es punqti amoqmeddes 2010-2011 saswavlo wlis dawyebisTanave)“198, Tumca avtorizaciis sistemis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT, aRniSnuli muxlis me-4 punqti Semdegi saxiT ganisazRvra: `saxelmwifo uflebamosilia umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT daafuZnos kerZo samarTlis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piri.~

zemoaRniSnul kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sedegad ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT SeiZleba dafuZndes `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniTa da saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri~.199

amave dros, Tu saqarTvelos kanonSi - ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ cvlilebebamde warmodgenili iyo, rom: `saxelmwifos ekrZaleba kerZo samarTlis samewarmeo iuridiuli piris –

195 sk ugS - muxli 6, punqti 1, d) qvepunqti 196 sk ugS - muxli 11, punqti 3 197 sk ugS - muxli 11 punqti 3 198 sk ugS - muxli 12, punqti 4 199 sk ugS - muxli 12, punqti 1

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umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafuZneba, wilis (aqciis) floba an wevroba. (es punqti amoqmeddes 2010-2011 saswavlo wlis dawyebisTanave)~200, am kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT, aRniSnuli Semdegi saxiT Camoyalibda: ` 21. saxelmwifos ekrZaleba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statusis mopovebis mizniT kerZo samarTlis samewarmeo iuridiuli piris dafuZneba, wilis (aqciis) floba an wevroba.~201

$2. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad gardaqmnis SesaZlebloba

xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom saqarTvelos kanoni

ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, romlis safuZvelzec ganxorcielda reforma saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, iyo mniSvnelovani etapi, miuxedavad garkveuli samarTlis normebis arasulfasovnebisa. Semdgom aRniSnul kanonSi Setanilma cvlilebebma TviTon gansazRvra gza gardaqmnis SesaZleblobisaken da 88-e muxlis me-13 punqtis Tanaxmad, romlis amoqmedeba nagulisxmevia 2010-2011 saswavlo wlis dawyebisTanave, SemogvTavaza, rom `saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba SeiZleba reorganizebul iqnes kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad, ris Sedegadac aRniSnuli iuridiuli piri CaiTvleba Sesabamisi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris uflebamonacvled~202. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom zemoaRniSnul kanonSi cvlilebebis Setanamde 88-e muxlis me-9 punqti Camoyalibebuli iyo Semdegnairad `saqarTvelos parlamentma da saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2007-2008 saswavlo wlis dawyebamde uzrunvelyon sakanonmdeblo cvlilebaTa proeqtis momzadeba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisaTvis axali statusis – aramomgebiani iuridiuli piris statusis misaniWeblad~. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis reorganizaciis perspeqtiva ar moaqcies mxolod aramomgebiani (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris CarCoSi, swored amitom gafarTovda areali kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piris farglebSi, rac meti arCevanis SesaZleblobas iZleva da gaCnda daSveba sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris uflebamonacvled CaTvlis Taobaze.

amasTan xazgasasmelia, rom saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb Tanaxmad: àrasamewarmeo iuridiuli piri – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba SeiZleba eweodes saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT nebadarTul sxva ekonomikur saqmianobas, Sesabamisad `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris

200 sk ugS - muxli 12, punqti 21'. 201 sk ugS - muxli 12, punqti 2, punqti 21 202 sk ugS - muxli 88, punqti 13

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Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniTa da saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi~.203

2.1. qonebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, usd-s gardaqmnis

procesSi

2.1.1. zogadad im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad reorganizacia iqneba miRweuli, umniSvnelovanesia qonebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. saqarTvelos kanonis `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~: `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris - umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis qoneba Sedgeba misTvis saxelmwifos, iuridiuli da kerZo pirebis mier gadacemuli, aseve mis mier sakuTari saxsrebiT SeZenili qonebisagan.“204

amavdroulad: `1. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafuZnebisas saxelmwifo mas usasyidlo uzufruqtiT gadascems Sesabamis qonebas.

2. gadasacemi qonebis nusxa erTvis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis dafuZnebis aqts.

3. gadasacemi qonebis nusxaSi mieTiTeba: a) qonebis CamonaTvali; b) damoukidebeli auditis mier qonebis mdgomareobis

Sefasebis Sedegebi. 4. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris - umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis likvidaciis Sedegad darCenili qoneba srulad ubrundeba saxelmwifos saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.~205

am SemTxvevaSi bunebrivia mesakuTris saxiT gvevlineba saxelmwifo. samoqalaqo samarTalSi damkvidrebuli cnebis Sesabamisad, sakuTreba aris nivTze batonobis samarTlebrivad aRiarebuli ufleba: `mesakuTres SeuZlia, kanonismieri an sxvagagvari, kerZod, saxelSekrulebo SeboWvis farglebSi Tavisuflad flobdes da sargeblobdes qonebiT (nivTiT), ar dauSvas sxva pirTa mier am qonebiT sargebloba, gankargos igi, Tuki amiT ar ilaxeba mezoblebis an sxva mesame pirTa uflebebi, anda, Tu es moqmedeba ar warmoadgens uflebis borotad gamoyenebas~.206 gansakuTrebiT xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom mflobeloba sakuTrebisagan gansxvavdeba, es faqtia da ara ufleba.

ssip umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas aqvs uZrav-moZravi qoneba, uZrav qonebas is, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Rebulobs saxelmwifosagan usasyidlo uzurfruqtis formiT

203 sk ugS - muxli 78 204 sk ugS - muxli 84 205 sk ugS -muxli 86. punqti 1,2,3,4 206 ssk - muxli 170

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nawilis (aq saubaria ufro moZrav qonebaze) mesakuTred gvevlineba TviT umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, romelmac Sesyidva ganaxorciela miRebuli ekonomikuri Semosavlebidan. moZravi qonebis nawils is Rebulobs saxelmwifosagan (Txovebis xelSekrulebis safuZvelze ekonomikis ganviTarebis saministrosagan).

xazgasasmelia, ra uflebebiT sargeblobs uzurfruqtuari - am SemTxvevaSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba: ùZravi nivTi SeiZleba sxva pirs gadaeces sargeblobaSi ise, rom igi uflebamosilia, rogorc mesakuTrem, gamoiyenos es nivTi da ar dauSvas mesame pirTa mier misiT sargebloba, magram mesakuTrisagan gansxvavebiT, mas ara aqvs am nivTis gasxvisebis, ipoTekiT datvirTvis an memkvidreobiT gadacemis ufleba (uzufruqti) am nivTis gaqiravebis an ijariT gadacemisaTvis saWiroa mesakuTris Tanxmoba.~207.

2.1.2. Tsu-s qonebis regulirebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis wesdebis

(damtkicebuli saqarTvelos prezidentis 2001 wlis 13 ivlisis # 277 brZanebulebiT) XI TavSi `qoneba, finansebi, kontroli~ aRniSnulia, rom ùniversitets dasaxuli miznebisa da dakisrebuli funqciebis gansaxorcieleblad saxelmwifosagan usasyidlo uzufruqtis uflebiT gadacemuli aqvs saxelmwifo qoneba, romelic gamoiyeneba am wesdebiT dadgenili miznebis misaRwevad. universitetisaTvis gadacemuli qonebis mflobelobisa da sargeblobis reJimi dgindeba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis Sesabamisad dadebuli uzufruqtis xelSekrulebiT~. samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, TiTqos erTi SexedviT yvelaferi wesrigSia, magram 2001 wlis Semdeg adekvaturi iyo Tu ara realuri suraTi, amis gansja martivad SesaZlebelia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis magaliTze, romelic mxolod 2008 wlis 10 oqtombers saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris brZanebis # 1-1/2397 - `ssip ìv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisaTvis uZravi qonebis usasyidlo uzurfruqtis formis gadacemis Sesaxeb~ safuZvelze gaxda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis XI (e.w. biologebis), sauniversiteto biblioTekis da kidev ufro metic mTlianad bagebis studqalaqis uzurfruqtuari.

aseve, saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris # 1-1/678 (02.04.09) brZanebiT - `saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris 26.01.06 w. # 1-1/64 brZanebis safuZvelze saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministrosa da s.s.i.p. ìvane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets~ Soris 2006 wlis 17 marts gaformebuli xelSekrulebis gauqmebisa (moSlis) da saqarTvelos ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis saministros 2003 wlis 3 noembris # 01/01-01/238 brZanebaSi cvlilebis Setanis Sesaxeb~ gadaeca `s.s.i.p. ìvane javaxiSvilis

207 ssk - muxli 242

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saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets~ usasyidlo uzurfruqtis formiT q. TbilisSi, WavWavaZis gamz. # 1-3-Si mdebare # 1 da # 2 (saerTo farTiT 35 314 kv.m.), # 3, # 4, # 5, # 6, # 7, # 8 Senoba-nagebobebi, maTze damagrebul 57 069 kv.m. miwis nakveTTan erTad (amonaweri sajaro reestridan miwis (uZravi qonebis) sakadastro kodi # 1/14/14/10/8) da q. TbilisSi, i. WavWavaZis gamz. # 8-Si mdebare # 1 nageboba, masze damagrebuli 390 kv.m. miwis nakvTTan erTad (amonaweri sajaro reestridan miwis (uZravi qonebis) sakadastro kodi # 1/14/14/10/008), arsebobis vadiT~. sayuradReboa is faqti, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets uZravi qonebis 80%-ze meti wlebis ganmavlobaSi hqonda mxolod faqtobrivi (da ara iuridiuli) mflobelobis farglebSi, ase rom bunebrivia saijaro Tu qiravnobis xelSekrulebebi, romelic zemoaRniSnul farTebze iyo gaformebuli, iyo kanondarRveviT, zog SemTxvevaSi ki farTebze yovelgvari xelSekrulebis gareSe dislocirebuli iyvnen gaurkveveli Sps-eebi, romlebic yovelgvari safasuris gareSe sargeblobdnen sauniversiteto infrastruqturiT (farTiT, wyliT, elenergiiT da a.S.) danaxarjs ki ixdida Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.

bunebrivia, qonebiT amgvari sargeblobiT umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba srulad iyo amovardnili saqarTvelos kanonis - `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 85-e muxlis konteqstidan: `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis uZravi qonebis an misi nawilis SeZena, gasxviseba an ijariT gacema, aseve nebismieri gadawyvetilebis miReba qonebasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu igi scildeba saganmanaTleblo da samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobis farglebs, SeiZleba mxolod umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis warmomadgenlobiTi sabWos gadawyvetilebiT saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros TanxmobiT, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.~

sauniversiteto qonebis marTvis farglebSi seriozul xarvezad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is faqti, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, TiTqmis aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi, ar iyo Catarebuli uZravi da moZravi qonebis srulfasovani inventarizacia da arsebul sainventarizacio wignebSi aRnusxuli qoneba, xSir SemTxvevaSi, mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda faqtobrivi realobisagan, rac seriozul Seferxebebs qmnida sauniversiteto qonebis zusti aRricxvianobisa da marTvis TvalsazrisiT.

xazgasasmelia, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets qveynis sxvadasxva regionebSi dislocirebuli hqonda 8 filiali (soxumis, siRnaRis, axalcixis, marneulis, foTis ozurgeTis, javaxeTis, zugdidis), saqarTvelos kanonis 88-e muxlis me-12 punqtis Tanaxmad 2007-2008 saswavlo wlis dawyebamde ganxorcielda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filialebis reorganizacia. maT Soris 5 filialis bazaze (soxumi, zugdidi, siRnaRi, mesxeTi, javaxeTi) samTavrobo dadgenilebebis

132

safuZvelze Camoyalibda (dadgenilebebi # 160 31.07.2007; # 145 16.07.2007, # 162 31. 07.2007; # 161 31.07.2007; # 159 21.07.2007) axali sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi (soxumis, zugdidis, wnoris, axalcixis, axalqalaqis umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi), romlebic aRniSnul gadawyvetilebebis safuZvelze CaiTvalnen Tsu-s uflebamonacvled Sesabamisi filialis nawilSi, anu uZravi qonebis uzurfruqtuarobaSi Caenacvlnen Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets. maTgan 3 filiali (foTi, qvemo qarTli, ozurgeTi) likvidirebul iqna kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.

magram Tu sakiTxi exeba sajaro samarTlis iuridiul piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis reorganizacias kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris uflebamonacvleobis farglebSi, maSin ikveTeba kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebze saxelmwifo qonebis usasyidlo uzurfruqtiT gadacemis sakiTxi. es gadacema unda ganxorcieldes rogorc arasamewarmeo, ise samewarmeo iuridiul pirebze, radgan saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ 88-e muxlis 13 punqtSi dafiqsirebulia ssip-s uflebamonacvleoba zogadad kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis mimarT. aqve SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva – ramdenad efeqturia saxelmwifosaTvis uZravi qoneba samewarmeo iuridiul pirs gadasces usasyidlo uzurfruqtis formiT. miT umetes, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, radgan saxelmwifo uflebamosilia Seqmnas arakomerciuli iuridiuli piri usd, SeuZlia saqarTvelos mTavrobis aqtiT qonebis gadacemac. magram samewarmeo (komerciuli) usd-s dafuZneba, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saxelmwifos ekrZaleba kanoniT. TumcaRa, garkveul etapze mainc, qonebasTan dakavSirebiT, am nabijis gadadgmis aucilebloba SeiZleba dadges, radgan isini naklebad iqnebian gadaxdisunariani da amasTan, maTi ganviTarebisa da sajarosamarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebis xelSewyobis TvalsazrisiT.

kanoniT SemoTavazebuli modelis mixedviT, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets SeuZlia gaxdes uZravi qonebis mesakuTre. albaT ra formiT unda ganxorcieldes aRniSnuli, es samTavrobo gadawyvetilebiT iqneba regulirebuli, TumcaRa, SesaZlebelia am mimarTebiT saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris 2008 wlis 24.01 # 1/109 brZanebis - `saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis saqarTvelos sapatriarqtosaTvis pirdapiri miyidvis formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb~ analogis daSveba.

xazgasasmelia agreTve, rom umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis qonebasTan dakavSirebiT, miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis realizacia xorcieldebodes srulfasovnad sakanonmdeblo moTxovnaTa sruli dacviT. aqve SesaZlebelia moviyvanoT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis magaliTi. saqarTvelos prezidentis, 2003 wlis 23 martis, # 3235 gankargulebis – Sps ìvane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis samkurnalo-diagnostikuri centrisa~ da Sps ìvane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

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universitetis klinikuri saavadmyofos Sesaxeb~ safuZvelze, aRniSnul 100%-iani saxelmwifo wiliT dafuZnebuli Sps-ebi marTvis uflebiT gadacemuli hqonda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, Sps ìvane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis klinikuri saavadmyofos~ privatizebis Taobaze, yovelgvari iuridiuli procedurebis gverdis avliT, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetma informacia miiRo teleeTeridan, ris gamoc, am sakiTxebze Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetidan mimarTvis Semdeg saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris 2007 wlis 17 seqtembris # 1-1/1401 brZanebis - `saqarTvelos saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministros da ssip ìvane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets~ Soris, 2003 wlis 18 noembers, gaformebuli wilis marTvis uflebiT gadacemis xelSekrulebaSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb~ me-2 punqtSi dafiqsirda: `Setanil iqnas cvlileba saqarTvelos saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministros da ssip ìvane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets~ Soris 2003 wlis 18 noembers gaformebuli wilis marTvis uflebiT gadacemis xelSekrulebaSi (reestris # 1-5880) da xelSekrulebidan amoRebul iqnas Sps ìvane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis klinikuri saavadmyofos 100% wili~.

§3. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Camoyalibebis formebi

komerciuli da arakomerciuli organizaciebis daniSnulebasa da statuss Soris gansxvavebis miuxedavad, arsebobs rigi saerTo niSnebisa, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs CavTvaloT, rom iseTi arakomerciuli organizaciis marTvisas, rogoricaa umaRlesi saswavlebeli, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas komerciuli organizaciis mmarTvelobiTi meqanizmebi, Tundac imitom, rom umaRlesi saswavleblebi finansdeba aramxolod biujetidan, isini monawileoben komerciul saqmianobaSi yidian ra Tavis momsaxurebas bazarze. iurist-mecnierTa mosazrebebis safuZvelze, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi SeiZleba Camoyalibdnen sxvadasxva formiT, TumcaRa aRniSnuli formebis misadageba Cvens realobasTan arc Tu ise martivia da seriozul damuSavebas saWiroebs:

o pirveli forma – saswavlo–samecniero sawarmoo kompleqsi, romelic Seicavs sakuTriv umaRles saswavlebels, aseve masTan arsebul dawesebulebebsa da organizaciebs romelTac iuridiuli piris statusi gaaCniaT.kompleqsis SigniT arsebuli organizaciul-samarTlebrivi urTierTobis konkretuli formebi da Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba umaRlesi saswavleblis agreTve kompleqsSi Semavali dawesebulebebis da

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organizaciebis – iuridiuli pirebis debulebebiT. kompleqsis mdgradoba garantirebulia misi monawile – iuridiuli pirebis xelSekrulebiT. cxadia, rom aseTi sistema aramyaria, ramdenadac monawileTa sxvadasxva ekonomikuri interesebi da miznobrivi funqciebi (misiebi) samarTlebrivi nihilizmis pirobebSi ueWvelad warmoqmnis gadauWrel winaaRmdegobebs, romlebic gaarTulebs marTvas.

o meore forma – sakuTriv saxelmwifo umaRlesi saswavlebeli, rogorc erTi iuridiuli piri, romlis SemadgenlobaSi ar aris raime filiali, ganyofileba an sxva iuridiuli piris uflebis mqone struqturuli qvedanayofi, anu unitaruli dawesebuleba.

o mesame forma – saxelmwifo umaRlesi saswavlebeli, rogorc iuridiuli piri, magram mis SemadgenlobaSia struqturuli qvedanayofebis gancalkevebis yvela SesaZlo varianti: ganyofilebebi, sameurneo angariSze myofi samecniero–kvleviTi laboratoriebi da sxva filialebi, isini iqmneba damfuZneblis mier, warmoadgenen iuridiuli pirebis gancalkevebul qvedanayofebs, romlebic floben umaRlesi saswavleblis funqciebis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebel qonebas, gaaCniaT damoukidebeli balansi da angariSi bankSi,

o meoTxe forma - umaRlesi saswavlebeli, rogorc saaqcio sazogadoeba. Tu saxelmwifo arasakmarisad afinansebs mis sakuTrebaSi myof umaRles saswavleblebs, maSin umaRlesi skolebis privatizaciis SemTxvevaSi, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs imedad mxolod ZiriTadi damfuZneblebi rCebaT da yvela problema umaRles saswavleblebs daawveba mxrebze. amis yvelaze savaraudo Sedegi - gakotrebaa. SesaZlebelia sxva variantebic: ganaTlebis komercializaciis naxtomi, fasiani saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebis an sxva saqmianobis ganviTarebis xarjze. Uufaso saganmanaTleblo mosaxurebis gamoZeveba, ganaTlebaSi uTanasworobis naxtomiseburi zrda, misi gardaqmna upiratesad rCeulTaTvis da sxva.

sakuTrebis aqcionerulma formam SeiZleba gamoiwvios umaRlesi saswavleblis mier avtonomiis, demokratizaciis mTavari miRwevis dakargva. damfuZneblebs SeuZliaT airCion reqtori umaRlesi saswavleblis koleqtivis azris gaTvaliswinebiT, SeuZliaT arc gaiTvaliswinon es azri.

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TumcaRa, zemoaRniSnuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom umaRlesi saswavleblis rogorc saaqcio sazogadoebis, savaraudo Sedegi gakotrebaa, namdvilad iwvevs azrTa sxvadasxvaobas, radgan realurad, SesaZlebelia aseTi warmonaqmnis funqcionireba amgvari Sedegis gareSec.

o mexuTe forma- mmarTveli kompaniis Seqmna umaRlesi saswavleblis gareT.

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mmarTveli sistemis saxiT SeiZleba gamovidnen iseTi sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi, rogoricaa umaRlesi saswavleblebis gaerTianeba (regionuli, specializaciis mixedviT da a.S.) iurist-mecnierebi ganixilavdnen agreTve samecniero-teqnikuri holdingebis organizebis perspeqtivebs, sadac gaerTiandeboda samecniero-kvleviTi institutebisa da umaRlesi saswavleblebis qvedanayofebi, mecnierebatevadi sawarmoebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli bankebi. 208

swored integraciis formas SeuZlia uzrunvelyos jer erTi - sakanomdeblo safuZveli, meorec –mravalarxiani finansirebis qmediToba, samecniero fondebis dafuZneba, umaRlesi skolis social-ekonomiuri sakiTxebis gadawyveta, meores mxriv, aseTi struqturis Seqmnas win eRobeba mocemul sakiTxze moqmedi kanonmdeblobis ararseboba, seriozuli winaaRmdegobebi, romlebic SeiZleba wairmoiSvas mmarTveli kompaniis registraciisas.

§ 4. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Tanamedrove

adaptiuri struqturebi 4.1. adaptiuri struqturebis formirebis winapirobebi meoce saukunis 60-iani wlebidan dawyebuli zogierTi

organizacia awydeboda garemos swraf cvlilebebs, amitom mravalma maTganma daiwyo axali, ufro moqnili tipis organizaciuli struqturebis SemuSaveba da danergva, romlebic tradiciuli (vertikalur) struqturebTan SedarebiT ukeTesad iyvnen adaptirebulni gare pirobebis swraf cvlilebasTan da mecnierebatevadi da inovaciuri teqnologiebis warmoqmnasTan. aseT struqturebs ewodebaT adaptiuri, radgan SeiZleba maTi swrafi modificireba garemos cvlilebebisa da TviT organizaciis moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad.

adaptacia - es mocemuli garemos Sesabamisi struqturis formirebis procesia. warmatebul adaptacias mivyavarT organizaciis gadarCenamde. umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebis adaptacia xdeba materialuri, finansuri da adamianiseuli resursebis, bazris zewolis, Tanamedrove sainformacio teqnologiebisa da normatiul-samarTlebrivi dokumentebis saSualebiT saxelmwifo regulirebis xarjze.

208 Шаммазов А.М., Бахтизин Р.Н. стр.2-4

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b. sporni Tavis wignSi `adaptiuri universitetebis struqturebi~ gvaZlevs amerikuli da evropuli universitetebis socioekonomikuri garemosadmi adaptaciis vrcel analizs. is Tvlis, rom `idealuri akademiuri organizacia muSaobs cvlilebaze orientirebuli misiis, marTvis kolegialuri struqturis Sesabamisad, romelic uzrunvelyofs daxmarebas maTi adaptaciisaTvis~209. amerikeli mkvlevarebi yuradRebas aqceven usd-s sust mxareebsa da maT damokidebulebas garemoze, universitetebi warmoadgenen Ria sistemebs da amitom iZulebulni arian Secvalon struqturebi, SezRudon akademiuri avtonomiis gavlena, amiT isini pasuxoben drois gamoZaxils.

usd-is struqturaze gavlenas axdenen rogorc gare faqtorebi - sakanonmdeblo da politikuri, ekonomikuri, demografiuli, socialuri da kulturuli, globalizacia da teqnologiebi, ise Sida faqtorebi: misia, amocanebi, korporaciuli kultura, lideroba, instituciuri garemo, ganaTlebis xarisxi, swavlebis Rirebuleba, efeqturoba, wvdoma. Tanac, TiToeuli es faqtori mniSvnelovania. magaliTad, menejmentis samecniero skolis TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli p. senge (masaCusetis teqnologiuri instituti) mniSvnelovnad Tvlis teqnologiur cvlilebebs, romlebic iZlevian potencialis zrdis SesaZleblobas, organizaciis ganviTarebis perspeqtivisaTvis, raTa gaizardos universitetebis inteleqtualuri aqtivebi. cnobili mecnieri - m. boldriji (aSS-Si dawesebulia misi saxelobis erovnuli premia xarisxis dargSi), universitetebs ganixilavs akademiur organizaciebad. unikaluri maxasiaTeblebiT, romlebic gavlenas axdenen maTi adaptirebis unarze dainteresebul pirTa, agreTve, amocanaTa da mizanTa mravalferovnebis, korporaciuli kulturis wyalobiT. sxvebi universitetebs gansazRvraven rogorc Tavisuflad dakavSirebul sistemebs an organizaciul anarqiebs regulirebisa da kontrolis susti meqanizmiT, romlebic exmarebian mas sabazro pirobebisadmi swraf adaptirebaSi.

arcTu ise didi xnis win universiteti aRiqmeboda mTavrobebis mier rogorc maRalkvalificirebuli samuSao Zalisa da mecnieruli codnis momwodebeli. am TvalsazrisiT universitetis administracia muSaobda Sinagan kulturasa da mmarTvelobiT kolegialobaze da sakuTar profesorebze dayrdnobiT. ekonomikis globalizaciam, sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebma, cvladma samyarom wamoayenes universitetebis winaSe axali amocanebi: studentebis raodenobis zrda, uwyveti swavleba, romelic Seesabameba swavlis msurveli mosaxleobis sxvadasxva asakobriv jgufTa sul ufro mzard procents, konkurencia codnis aTvisebis sxva formebTan, adaptacia axali Semswavleli teqnologiebisadmi da a.S. am amocanebma ararad Caagdes saxelmwifo universitetebis monopoliuri urTierTobebi mTavrobebTan sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. aSS-Si universitetebis axali klientebi xdebian savaWro palatebi,

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saqmiani asociaciebi da, mTlianobaSi, isini, vinc dakavebulia teritoriis ganviTarebiT. amitom paralelurad gaCnda axali SesaZleblobebi sauniversiteto `nou-hausTan~ da, kerZod, regionalur garemocvasTan mimarTebaSi. am amocanebma saWiro gaxades universitetebis organizaciuli mowyobis gardaqmna, maTi adaptacia.

4.2. usd-s Tanamedrove adaptiuri struqturebis tipebi

ganvixiloT umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebis sxvadasxva Tanamedrove adaptiuri struqturebi: matriculi universiteti, TQM (Total Quality Menegement) – xarisxis totalur menejmentis procesze orientirebuli universiteti, Tanamedrove universiteti, universiteti - teqnopolisi, sainovacio-samewarmeo universiteti, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli amgvari modelebis saqarTveloSi damkvidrebis perspeqtiva.

4.2.1. matriculi universiteti210

matriculi struqtura optimaluria, rodesac garemo Zalze cvalebadia da organizaciis miznebi asaxaven ormag moTxovnebs, rodesac erTnairad mniSvnelovania kavSirebic konkretul qvedanayofebTan da funqciuri miznebic. marTvis ormagi struqtura aadvilebs komunikaciebs da moqmedebaTa koordinacias, romlebic ase saWiroa imisaTvis, rom operatiulad moxdes reagireba garemos cvlilebebze. is exmareba qvedanayofis funqciur xelmZRvanelebsa da umaRles xelmZRvanelobas Soris Zalauflebis swori balansis dadgenaSi. organizaciis matriculi struqturisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Zlieri hornizontaluri kavSirebi.

matriculi struqturisas horizontaluri gundebi arseboben tradiciul vertikalur ierarqiasTan erTad. matriculi universiteti - es Tanamedrove universitetisken gadadgmuli nabijia. kaTedra xdeba arasakmarisi swavlebis funqciebis Sesasruleblad, Cndebian kvleviTi centrebi, romlebic axorcieleben TavianT saqmianobas, muSaobas proeqtebze da sadac saWiroa sxvadasxva profilis specialistebi, sxvadasxva kaTedrebidan da fakultetebidan. im komunikaciebis garda, rodesac informaciis gacvla vertikalurad, ierarqiuli jaWviT xdeba, warmoebs informaciis horizontaluri gacvla, rac saSualebas iZleva gadailaxos barierebi struqturul qvedanayofebs, kaTedrebs Soris da uzrunvelyofil iqnes profesor-maswavleblebisa da TanamSromlebis moqmedebaTa koordinaciis SesaZlebloba saerTo miznis, magaliTad, romelime samecniero-kvleviTi proeqtis Sesasruleblad.

organizaciis matriculi struqturisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Zlieri horizontaluri kavSirebi. gadanacvleba ufro "brtyeli", horizontaluri struqturebis mxares saSualebas iZleva

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gaizardos horizontaluri koordinaciis done sainformacio sistemebis danergvis, qvedanayofebs Soris pirdapiri kontaqtis saSualebiT.

matriculi struqturis unikalur Tvisebas warmoadgens is, rom struqturuli qvedanayofebis xelmZRvanelebs gaaCniaT erTnairi Zalaufleba organizaciaSi da muSakebi erTnairad emorCilebian erTsac da meoresac.

matriculi struqturis Zlieri da susti mxareebia: Zlieri mxareebi:

1. gvexmareba koordinaciis miRwevaSi, romelic saWiroa imisaTvis, rom dakmayofildes ormagi moTxovnebi.

2. uzrunvelyofs adamianuri resursebis moqnil ganawilebas saganmanaTleblo da samecniero moRvaweobis momsaxureobaTa saxeebs Soris.

3. gvaZlevs rTuli amocanebis Sesrulebis SesaZleblobas swrafad cvladi, arastabiluri garemos pirobebSi.

4. gvaZlevs rogorc profesiuli Tvisebebis ganviTarebis, ise gaweuli momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis SesaZleblobas.

5. yvelaze metad Seefereba im organizaciebs, romlebic sweven ramdenime saxis momsaxurebas.

susti mxareebi: 1. TanamSromlebi unda emorCilebodnen Zalauflebis or

tots, ramac SeiZleba damrTgunvelad imoqmedos maTze. 2. TanamSromlebs sWirdebaT adamianTa urTierTobis

gansakuTrebuli Cvevebi da specialuri momzadeba. 3. gvarTmevs bevr dros: saWiroa kerZo Sexvedrebi da

molaparakeba konfliqtebis aRmosafxvrelad. 4. struqtura ar muSaobs, Tu organizaciis menejerebs ar

esmiT am struqturis arsi da amuSaveben urTierTobebis kolegialur da ara ierarqiul stils.

5. Zalauflebis balansis SesanarCuneblad saWiroa mniSvnelovani Zalisxmeva.

4.2.2. TQM (Total Quality Menegement)211 – xarisxis totaluri menejmentis

procesze orientirebuli organizaciebis struqtura

tradiciul, ierarqiul struqturaSi momuSave dawesebulebebs uZneldebaT adekvaturi reagireba garemoSi mimdinare cvlilebebze. mkacri sazRvrebi, barierebi da moZvelebuli Sexedulebebi axasiaTebT aseT tradiciul dawesebulebebs. maT erT-erT Taviseburebas warmoadgens saerTo misiis, Zalauflebis ierarqiaTa naklovaneba da damokidebuleba biurokratiul procedurebze. aseTma organizaciebma ver gamoimuSaves aqcenti klientis moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebaze, maT kursdamTavrebulebs sxvebze ufro xSirad ver amCneven da ar moiTxoven bazarze. aseT usd-Si ganxorcielebuli srulyofa, Cveulebriv, mimarTulia swavlebis Rirebulebisa da danaxarjebis

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Semcirebisken, swavlebaze naklebi gadasaxadiT abiturientebis mosazidad. TQM sTavazobs ganaTlebis organizaciebs tradiciuli biorokratiuli modelis sawinaaRmdego Tvalsazrisis miRebis SesaZleblobas. organizaciebi, romlebmac danerges TQM, axdenen xarisxis integrirebas TavianT struqturebSi da uzrunvelyofen xarisxs yovel doneze da yovel etapze. imisaTvis, rom es iyos miRweuli, saWiroa didi investiciebis dabandeba personalSi, mis swavlebasa da motivaciaSi, radgan is warmoadgens organizaciis xarisxisa da misi momavlis mTavar figuras. Tu usd-s ganzraxuli aqvs TQM danergva organizaciaSi, maSin man sinqronulad unda imuSaos, ganaxldes, gangrZos win svla, dainaxos Tavisi misia miznis miRwevaSi. is unda acnobierebdes imas, rom xarisxi yovelTvis uzrunvelyofs maT adgils da sakuTar niSas bazarze. yvelaze mniSvnelovania is, rom organizaciis xelmZRvanelobam akademiur Semadgenlobamde, administraciul da damxmare personalamde unda miitanos idea imis Sesaxeb, rom xarisxi umTavresia saganmanaTleblo processa da samecniero kvlevebSi. am TvalsazrisiT, mastimulirebeli Zala mudmivad unda momdinareobdes xelmZRvanelebisagan da procesi mudmivad unda motivirdebodes da Zlierdebodes. TQM organizaciisTvis ar arseboben standartuli formebi, Tumca xarisxis totaluri menejmentis sistemis SemoRebis gavleniT xdeba tradiciuli struqturebis transformireba. struqtura unda Seesabamebodes da aadvilebdes TQM- procesis danergvas. gamocdilebis mixedviT, TQM ganviTarebisas ierarqia metwilad qreba da erTdoniani, matriculi struqturebi Zlieri horizontaluri urTierTkavSirebiT cvlian ierarqias. aseTi organizaciuli formebi martivia, moqnili da igeba Zlier gundur muSaobaze. gunduri muSaobis ganviTareba, gaZliereba warmoadgens TQM Tvisebas da amcirebs saSualo donis kontrolirebadi rgolis aucileblobas. nacvlad imisa, Sua rgolis xelmZRvanelebi iqcevian xarisxis liderebad da sakuTar Tavze iReben mxardamWeri gundis rols. es Sua rgolis menejerebis axali roli Zalze mniSvnelovania, radgan gundur muSaobas SeiZleba hqondes sapirispiro mxarec. jgufebma, romlebic Zalze gankerZoebulebi arian, SeiZleba arakoordinirebulad da araefeqtianad imuSaon. gunduri muSaobis marTvis sistema unda iyos martivi, magram efeqturi. mniSvnelovania, rom gundebs esmodeT usd-is koncefcia da xedva. es erT-erTi mizezia imisa, Tu ratom gamoiyofa ase TQM-Tan dakavSirebul literaturaSi xedva da xelmZRvaneloba. TQM-s TvalsazrisiT organizacia - es sistemaa, romelic Seqmnilia imisaTvis, rom emsaxuros momxmareblebs. amisaTvis organizaciis sistemis yvela nawili SeTanxmebuli unda iyos erTmaneTTan. organizaciis yoveli calkeuli nawilis warmateba gavlenas axdens mTeli organizaciis muSaobaze. sxvaoba TQM-iTi momuSave momwifebul struqturasa da Cveulebriv organizaciul formas Soris mdgomareobs imaSi, rom tradiciuli organizaciebi

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TavianT saqmianobas ageben funqciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, maSin, rodesac TQM- ganviTarebis miznebis, funqciebis, marTvis instrumentebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 4.2.3. sayovelTaod miRebuli Tanamedrove universiteti212

sayovelTaod miRebuli Tanamedrove universiteti (smTu) warmoiqmna matriculi universitetebis profesor-maswavlebelTa Semadgenlobis mxridan profesuris profesionalizaciisa da specializaciis protestTan dakavSirebiT, romelic warmoSobs moTxovnilebebs momsaxureobaTa da resursTa mzard nakadSi. farTovdebian fakultetebi, warmoiqmneba sxvadasxva centri da maTi moTxovnilebebi xdeba ufro mniSvnelovani, vidre kaTedrebs aqvT. swavleba, mTlianobaSi, daujereblad rTuldeba. matriculi universiteti saWiroebs iseT momsaxureobebs, romlebic scildebian tradiciuli biurokratiuli wesebiT uzrunvelyofili momsaxureobebis CarCoebs. organizaciul doneze normalur horizontalur momsaxureobebs ukve saWiroebs yvela saswavlo programa, fakulteti da ganyofileba. sayovelTaod miRebuli Tanamedrove universitetis (smTu) organizaciuli struqtura orientacias iRebs, rogorc mas uwoda cnobilma mecnierma h. mincbergma, `Sereul profesiul biurokratiaze~. Sereuli profesiuli biurokratia varaudobs mZlavri produqtiuli biurokratiis arseboba, romlis momsaxureobebi garkveulwilad struqturirebulia. universitetebSi es sakmaod SesamCnevia. am mkafiod struqturirebul profesiul biurokratias unda davumatoT meqanikuri biurokratia, romelic xelmZRvanelobs swavlebisa da kvlevebis calkeul mxareebs teqnologiuri struqturis saSualebiT, romlis daniSnuleba - momsaxureobebis garantireba. saqmianoba saxsrebis mozidvaze SeiZleba formalizebul iqnes, Tu xdeba universitetsa da mis kursdamTavrebulebs Soris kavSirebis ganmtkiceba. sinamdvileSi, sayovelTaod miRebul Tanamedrove universitets Tavisi ierarqiis meSveobiT ZaluZs marTos Tavisi Senatanebi regionalur ganviTarebaSi - sayovelTaod miRebuli Senatanebi teritoriul-organizaciuli RonisZiebebis mxardasaWerad. mas, agreTve, ZaluZs mniSvnelovani daxmareba gauwios laboratoriebs, raTa dakmayofildes maTi saWiroebebi. matriculi universitetis modelidan sayovelTaod miRebuli Tanamedrove universitetis modelze gadasvla gaivlis or mniSvnelovan organizaciul cvlilebas: moTxovnili da mniSvnelovani momsaxureobebis gamravleba da aRniSnuli tipis universitetis globalur funqcionirebaSi meqanikuri biurokratiis rolis gardauvali dazusteba.

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4.2.4. universiteti - teqnopolisi (multipolaruli universiteti)213

sayovelTaod miRebul Tanamedrove universitets (smTu) cvlis universiteti-teqnopolisi (ut), romelic warmoiqmna sazogadoebis moTxovnilebaTa zrdis gamo. menejmentis klasikuri saxelmZRvanelos - `menejmentis safuZvlebi~ Tanaavtoris m. meskonis klasifikaciiT aseTi universiteti SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT konglomeratis tipis organizacias, romelSic erT ganyofilebaSi SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes matriculi struqtura, meoreSi - samewarmeo, xolo mesameSi ki - funqciuri struqtura. jer kidev ormoci wlis win k. keri (kaliforniis universitetis prezidenti berklSi), aRniSnavda multi-universitetis warmoqmnas, romelic Tavisi struqturiT warmoadgenda pluralistul organizacias. teqnopolisis struqturam Seavso sayovelTaod miRebuli Tanamedrove universitetis organizaciuli struqtura sami elementiT: 1. damoukidebeli organizaciebi, romlebic xSirad moqmedeben rogorc damoukidebeli iuridiuli pirebi - es damoukidebeli organizaciebi saWiroa, magaliTad, uwyvet ganaTlebaSi, eqsperimentuli sacdeli centrebis SeqmnaSi, kvlevebis organizaciaSi, akademiuri kvalifikaciis aRiarebaSi, im Sereuli centrebis SeqmnaSi moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad, romlebic TanamSromloben informaciis SeqmniTa da gavrcelebiT dakavebul firmebTan, kompaniebTan da saxelmwifo organizaciebTan. 2. horizontaluri qvedanayofebi, romlebic saWiroa imisaTvis, rom garantirebul iqnes horizontaluri kavSirebi, an iseTi miznebis misaRwevad, romlebic SeiZleba uzrunvelyofil iqnes matriculi organizaciebiT. 3. endogenuri zrdis qvedanayofebi warmoadgenen, arc meti arc naklebi, kvleviT da servisul organizaciebs. isini warmoiqmnebian universitetis kadrebis iniciativis gamo. universitetSi Cndeba axali figura - `Tavis gamtani~ profesori, iniciativiani profesori, romelsac SeuZlia datvirTos laboratoria sakuTari proeqtebiT da ZaluZs saTaveSi Caudges kvleviT jgufebs da Seqmnas TviTdamfinansebeli organizaciebi. `Tavis gamtani~ profesori xdeba sakvanZo figura, regionaluri ganviTarebisTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenasTan dakavSirebiT, universitetis SesaZleblobaTa zrdis gagebis saqmeSi. axali universiteti - teqnopolisi struqturirebulia iseTnairadve, rogorc teqnologiuri parki an e.w. axali saqalaqo struqturebi (msgavseba universitetsa da teqnopoliss Soris Zalze aSkaraa. teqnopolisi gagebulia rogorc sivrcobrivi saqalqo sistema, romlisTvisac arsebobs sinergia calkeul


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moqmedebaTa koordinaciisTvis, romlebsac aqvT sxvadasxva funqciebi da romlebmc saWiroeben koordinirebul xelmZRvanelobas. aseT universitetebs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT amerikis erovnuli mravalprofiliani universitetebi: niu-iorkis universitetis ganaTlebis skola, arizonis universiteti, harvardis universiteti.

universitet-teqnopolisSi erTdroulad SeiZleba Tanaarsebobdes sxvadasxva organizaciuli struqtura, aq adgili aqvs Sefardebulobas sivrcesTan, sadac organizaciebi ganixilebian maTi struqturis sirTulis TvalsazrisiT. sivrceSi aramsgavsi xasiaTis sxvadasxva erTeulis arseboba ar gamoricxavs arc organizaciis realobas, arc marTvisa da koordinaciis SesaZleblobebs.

universiteti - teqnopolisi iqmneba Ria struqturirebis gziT, rodesac auditoriebi dakavSirebulia laboratoriebTan da sxva sauniversiteto sivrceebTan (institutebTan, horizontalur centrebTan da a.S.) Tumca, kvleviTi moRvaweobis rolis iZens sxva aspeqtebs ara marto formula `pirovneba - jgufTan" mimarTebaSi, aramed organizaciuli TvalsazrisiT, xdeba ra im Sida dinamikis Sedegi, romelic warmoqmnilia moTxovna-miwodebis TanafardobiT. qvedanayofebi, srulad an nawilobriv avtonomiurebi, mravldebian da saWiroeben organizaciul srulyofas, moTxovnebis mixedviT. kvlevebi iqcevian warmoebis sistemis nawilad, da im adamianTa raodenoba, romelTa moRvaweoba mieZRvna samecniero kvlevebs, SesamCnevad izrdeba. arsebobs gansazRvruli damokidebuleba, romelic winaswar gansazRvravs organizaciul adaptacias saWiro formis dafinansebisadmi. kvlevebis organizacia gulisxmobs profesorebis ganawilebas universitetebis mixedviT.

4.2.5. sainovacio, samewarmeo universiteti214

dabali saxelmwifo dafinansebisa da mkacri umaRlesi saswavlebelTaSorisi konkurenciis farglebSi, umaRlesi ganaTlebis funqcionirebis axali pirobebi aiZuleben saxelmwifo da kerZo uds-ebs imuSaon sabazro sawarmos tipiT. amrigad, Tavisi TviTganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad universitetma unda gamoiyenos samewarmeo organizaciis muSaobis principebi. samewarmeo tipis universitetis mTavari profiluri bazrebia: saganmanaTleblo momsaxureobaTa bazari, Sromis bazari da mecnierebis ganviTarebis bazari. sainovacio menejmenti sTavazobs universitetebs sruli sainovacio ciklis realizacias axali codnis miRebidan maT komerciul realizaciamde profilur bazarze. fundamenturi da saZiebo kvlevebis msvlelobaSi miRebuli axali codna Semdeg realizdeba sxvadasxva traeqtoriiT sruli sainovacio ciklis etapebis CarCoebSi.


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XIX saukunis neoklasikuri ekonomikuri Teoriis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli b. klarki aRniSnavs samewarmeo universitetis Semdeg damaxasiaTebel niSnebs: 1. myari mmarTvelobiTi RerZi. reqtori da misi gundi muSaoben rogorc saqmis erTguli xelmZRvaneli jgufi; 2. decentralizacia da stimuli periferiuli qvedanayofebis Sesaqmnelad (romlebic eqvemdebarebian gardaqmnas da miiswrafian swrafi zrdisken). muSavdeba universiteti - `holdingis" koncefcia, amasTanave, xdeba axali kvleviTi qvedanayofebis "gamogoneba" axal Sereul sawarmoebTan, fondebTan da a.S. damatebiT xdeba swrafad mzardi qvedanayofebis avtonomiis waxaliseba; 3. dafinansebis wyaroebis diferencireba; 4. klasikur struqturul qvedanayofebze (fakultetebsa da ganyofilebebze) zemoqmedeba cvlilebebis stimulirebisTvis. xorcieldeba strategiuli gegmebi yvela struqturul qvedanayofSi; 5. samewarmeo kultura xdeba saerTo yvela kadrisTvis. axali kultura winaswar gansazRvravs dialogs yvela xelmZRvanel organos Soris. sabiujeto urTierTobebi qvedanayofebs Soris icvleba. miuxedavad amisa, winsvla samewarmeo universitetisken ar SeiZleba moxdes, Tu ar aris safuZvel Cayrili sabazo pirobebi, romelTa nawili mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli universitetis wesdebasTan: miznebis, koncefciis Seqmna; gadasvla vertikaluri universitetidan teqnopolisze; sainovacio programis saSualebiT yvela gaerTianebisTvis

modelis codnis gavrcelebis kulturuli cvlilebebis propaganda.

2003 wlis dekemberSi miRebul iqna instituciuri samewarmeo marTvisa da evropis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebSi mewarmeobis Seswavlis gelzenkirxiseuli deklaracia. masSi dayenebul iqna samewarmeo instituciur mmarTvelobaze universitetebis gadasvlasTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi amocanebi:

universitetis menejmentisa da personalis profesionalizacia Zlier aRmasrulebel xelmZRvanelobasTan SeuRlebiT;

Semosavlis wyaroebis diversifikacia; menejmentis axali sabazro meTodebis Seswavla da

integracia mTavar akademiur faseulobebTan frTxili damokidebulebis pirobiT;

mWidro kavSirebi saqmian wreebTan da sazogadoebasTan; iniciativiani inovaciuri samewarmeo kulturis

ganviTareba: codnis gadacema, axali sawarmoo kompaniebis daarseba, ganaTlebis gagrZeleba da kursdamTavrebulebTan kontaqtebis damyareba, maT Soris saxsrebis mosazidadac;

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akademiuri da kvleviTi qvedanayofebis integracia tradiciuli disciplinaruli sazRvrebis waSlisa da codnis warmoebisa da gamoyenebis axali meTodebis Sesabamisi saproeqto wamowyebebis dafuZnebis saSualebiT.

ekonomikuri urTierTobebis sabazro modelisas saganmanaTleblo da samecniero momsaxureobaTa bazris ganviTarebasa da saswavlo dawesebulebis konkurentunarianobis gaZlierebaSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs marketingi. marketingis sfero umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebisTvis ara marto fasiani swavlebaa, aramed saswavlo literaturis warmoebac, patentebis, `nou-haus~, mecnierebatevadi SemuSavebebis gayidvac. marketinguli saqmianobis miznobrivi Sedegi - es moTxovnilebaTa yvelaze efeqturi dakmayofilebaa: pirovnebisa - ganaTlebaSi; saswavlo dawesebulebisa - misi da TanamSromlebis keTildReobasa da ganviTarebaSi, maRal doneze specialistebis momzadebaSi. sazogadoebisa - erToblivi pirovnuli da inteleqtualuri potencialis gafarToebul aRwarmoebaSi.

mTel msoflioSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba erovnuli sainovacio sistemebis Seqmnas, romlebic erTmaneTTan akavSireben mecnierebasa da bizness (eseni ki bevrad gansazRvraven qveynis konkurentunarianobas saerTaSoriso doneze).

2003 wlis oqtomberSi, briuselSi, evrokomisiis mier Catarebul seminarze, romlis Tema iyo `universitetebisa da mrewvelobis urTierTqmedeba~, seminaris monawileebi mividnen im daskvnebamde, rom sainovacio saqmianoba, swavlebasa da samecniero kvlevebTan erTad, cxaddeba universitetebis mesame misiad, Tumca rigi eqspertebi emxrobian ufro zomier midgomas, klasikur (tradiciul) universitetebTan erTad uSveben ra inovaciurad orientirebuli universitetebis `Tanaarsebobac~.

i. gonCerenoki aRniSnavda, rom sainovacio saqmianobis procesSi universitetebis rolis aqtivizaciisTvis saWiroa fundamenturi moTxovnis - universitetebisTvis kvlevebis Sedegebze sakuTrebis uflebis miniWebisa da am uflebebis efeqturi marTvis SesaZleblobis micemis - Sesruleba. Tanamedrove sazogadoeba gansazRvravs universitetebis axal socialur statussa da rols ekonomikisa da sazogadoebis sakeTildReod codnis gadatanis centris saxiT, amitom universitetebma zustad da aqtiurad unda gansazRvron TavianTi wvlili sainovacio processa da socialur ganviTarebaSi.

eqspertebi Tvlian, rom erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani problema inovaciuri universitetebis SeqmnaSi - es universitetebs da samrewvelo sawarmoebs Soris mniSvnelovani kulturuli gansxvavebis arsebobaa. rasTan dakavSirebiTac aucilebelia ara marto kadrebis gacvla warmoebasa da akademiur seqtors Soris, aramed `mecniereba-warmoebis~ marTvis procesSi Cabmuli akademiuri muSakebis profesiuli kompetenturobis problemis gadaWrac.

inovaciebis realizaciisTvis uds-ebi unda SeuerTdnen am process da Seqmnan teqnoparkebi da inovaciuri inkubatorebi

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universitetebis bazaze. inovaciuri inkubatorebi - inovaciebis `daSlis~ efeqturi formaa, rodesac specialurad samecniero-teqnikuri an teqnologiuri SemuSavebis winsvlisTvis iqmneba mcire sawarmoebi iuridiuli piris formiT. meore midgoma - universitetSi inovaciur-teqnologiuri centrebis an teqnologiebis transferis centrebis Seqmnaa.

aseTi cvlilebebi ufro Tanamedrovesa da dinamiurs xdis uds-ebs tradiciuli akademiuri faseulobebisTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe. amJamad aRmocenebul axal mecnierebatevad ekonomikur da sazogadoebriv sistemebSi saWiroa swored axali tipis iseTi universitetebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyvnen universitet-teqnopolisis struqturis nawili. cvlilebebi Seexebian ara marto universitetebis marTvas, romelsac mouxdeba SeiZinos samewarmeo xasiaTi, aramed codnis warmoebisa da gavrcelebis amocanebs, romlebic unda ganxorcieldnen bazris moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT.215

„samewarmeo universiteti – fakultetis amocanebi“ am dRis wesrigiT 2001 wels berlinSi Catarebuli dekanebis, evropis akademiuri qselis yovelwliuri konferenciis erT-erT sxdomaze poloneTis erT-erTi universitetis, fakultetis dekanma saintereso daxasiaTeba misca umaRlesi ganaTlebis polonuri sistemis mdgomareobas. man ganacxada, rom poloneTSi ar arseboben samewarmeo universitetebi, magram arian profesor-mewarmeebi. maT gaxsnes kerZo skolebi, iZlevian kerZo konsultaciebs da rogorc Sedegi, iSviaTad Cndebian mSobliur usd-Si, ZiriTadad wyveten pirad amocanebs.

SeiZleba moviyvanoT msgavsi saxis mravali magaliTi, romlebic gviCveneben, rom usd-ebSi aris profesor-maswavlebelTa Semadgenlobis samewarmeo aqtiurobisa da iniciativis gamoyenebis xarjze, Sromis mwarmoeblobis gazrdis mniSvnelovani rezervi. am rezervis gamoyenebis problemis gadaWra SeuZlebelia standartuli xerxiT universitetis tradiciuli-organizaciuli struqturis CarCoebSi.

universitetis ganviTarebis mizniT, am rezervis gamosayeneblad, saWiroa Sesabamisi strategiuli marTva, romelic moicavs im axali struqturis mimarTulebiT umaRlesi saswavleblis transformaciaze orientirebuli strategiis formirebas. amasTanave, marTvis mTavar resurss, romlis gamoyenebis safuZvelze unda moxdes universitetis yovelmxrivi ganviTareba, warmoadgenen ara finansuri saSualebebi da sxva tradiciuli resursebi, aramed TanamSromelTa mTeli ZiriTadi Semadgenlobis inteleqti da maTSi samewarmeo da lideruli Tvisebebis arseboba. aRsaniSnavia, rom aseTi midgoma marTvisadmi warmoadgens Tanamedrove socialur-ekonomikuri sistemis - sainformacio sazogadoebis an codnis sazogadoebis ganmsazRvrel niSans.


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menejmentis Tanamedrove Teoriam ukve Camoayaliba midgomebi inovaciuri organizaciis - `individualizebuli korporaciis~ Seqmnisadmi, romelic efuZneba axal organizaciul filosofias. am axali filosofiis arsi - rwmenaa pirovnebasa da individualuri iniciativis ZalaSi, romelic warmoadgens samewarmeo aqtiurobis ZiriTad princips. individualizirebuli korporaciis sakvanZo principi - Zireuli mewarmeobis principia.

individualizirebuli organizaciis erT-erTi aSkara sargebeli mdgomareobs `zemoT~ mimavali usargeblo angariSgebis moculobis SemcirebaSi. meores mxriv, samewarmeo gundebis efeqturi urTierTqmedeba SeuZlebelia korporaciul informaciasTan ufro farTo wvdomis gareSe. es informacia unda gamoiyenebodes ara imdenad xelqveiTebis kontrolisTvis, ramdenadac saproeqto gundebisTvis TavianTi muSaobis gaumjobesebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelsayofad.

korporaciaSi saqmianobis individualizaciisken mimarTuli organizaciuli inovaciebis ganxorcieleba avlens samewarmeo mizandasaxulobebis, codnisa da unaris ararsebobas mosamsaxureebSi, romlebic aTwleulobiT muSaoben klasikur ierarqiul biurokratiaSi. Tavisufleba aRmoCndeba TanamSromlebisTvis usargeblo da, ufro metic, iseTad, romelic mxolod arTulebs maT Cveul saqmianobas. amasTan dakavSirebiT radikaluri transformacia, romelic moicavs resursebisa da uflebamosilebebis gadanawilebas, warmoadgens upasuxismgeblo saqmes, romelmac SeiZleba mogviyvanos korporaciis kraxamde.

transformaciis dawyebis mTavar nabiji unda iyos mastimulirebeli garemos Seqmna. mis elements warmoadgens iseTi specialistebis arseboba, romlebsac SeuZliaT specialistebi aqcion menejerebad, xolo menejerebi ki - liderebad. es gadasvla moiTxovs did dros. Sesabamisad imisa, Tu rogor warmoiqmnebian iseTi liderebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT sakuTar Tavze aiRon pasuxismgebloba da daadginon sakuTari amocanebi da standartebi, SeiZleba TandaTan movxsnaT barierebi da SevasustoT kontroli. yvela menejeris liderad qceva saSualebas mogvcems miviRoT TviTmarTvadi, TviTganaxlebis SemZle organizacia.

warmatebuli samewarmeo organizaciebis umaRlesi xelmZRvanelobis roli mdgomareobs ori umniSvnelovanesi organizaciuli atributis: 1) iseTi garemos ganviTarebaSi, romelSic individebs SeuZliaT miiRon axali codna da ganaviTaron unar-Cvevebi imisaTvis, rom sakuTar Tavze aiRon pasuxismgebloba TviTmarTvasa da kontrolze, 2) iseTi kulturis ganviTarebaSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs rwmenas, romelic saWiroa imisaTvis, rom gariskon.

srulebiT naTelia, rom individualizirebuli korporaciis agebis Camoyalibebuli principebi emTxvevian, ZiriTadad, b. klarkis mier Camoyalibebul `samewarmeo universitetis~ koncefcias. is miuTiTebs axlandeli sauniversiteto struqturis samewarmeo universitetad transformaciis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: 1) universitetis mmarTvelobiTi birTvis gaZliereba, 2) periferiis

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gafarToeba, romelic emsaxureba universitetis ekonomikur ganviTarebas; 3) dafinansebis wyaroebis mravalferovnebis gazrda; 4) profesor-maswavleblebis ZiriTadi Semadgenlobis stimulireba, 5) yovlismocveli samewarmeo kulturis ganviTareba. 216

4.2.6. individualuri universiteti217

`individualuri universitetis~ agebis meTodebis specifika mdgomareobs imaSi, rom universitetis transformaciis amosavali wertilia profesiuli organizacia maSin, rodesac `individualizirebuli korporaciis~ avtorebi ganixilaven meqanikuri biurokratiis transformaciis amocanas.

profesiuli samewarmeo organizaciis marTvas gaaCnia arsebiTi Taviseburebebi. aseTi organizaciis ganviTarebis raodenobrivi maCveneblebis mimdinare dagegmvis roli Zalze mcirea. ZiriTadi mniSvneloba gaaCnia strategiul marTvas. amave dros gansazRvrul periodze strategiis formirebis amocanis gadaWra ar aris permanentuli. es amocana TamaSobs arsebiT rols adaptiuri organizaciis Seqmnisas, xolo SemdgomSi Cndeba gare garemos morigi arsebiTi cvlilebebis dros. profesiuli samewarmeo organizaciis marTvaSi centralur rols TamaSobs inovaciuri misia. misia iZleva usd-s saqmianobis zogad standartebs da gansazRvravs mis kulturas. misia, agreTve, gansazRvravs universitetis funqciebs, mkafiod moxazavs misi saqmianobis formebsa da saxeebs imisaTvis, rom universiteti darCes universitetad, raTa asrulebdes mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis im fundamentur amocanebs, romlebsac misgan moelis sazogadoeba da saxelmwifo. saukuneebis ganmavalobaSi universitetebi, agreTve, viTardebodnen garkveuli misiis safuZvelze, Tumca es iyo sxva tipis misia.

universitetis Tanamedrove inovaciuri misia arsebiTad individualuria da asaxavs mis gansakuTrebul adgils konkretul socialur-ekonomikur garemoSi.

$ 5. Tavis daskvna

5.1. zogadad universitetebi cdilobdnen efeqturad gaewiaT konkurencia

sxva usd-ebisaTvis, rogorc Cvens qveyanaSi, ise sazRvargareT. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad iTvleboda reaqciis siswrafe da moqniloba, romlebic tradiciul struqturebs ar gaaCndaT. amrigad, universiteti funqcionirebs swrafad cvlad pirobebSi, sadac warmatebis gasaRebia moqniloba da siswrafe. saWiroa, rom misi struqturebi xels uwyobdnen inovaciebs, resursebisa da personalis SemoqmedebiT gadanawilebas yvela doneze, inarCunebdnen, xolo SeZlebisdagvarad, zrdidnen kidec yvela SesaZlo Semosavals, zianis miuyeneblad fundamenturi

216 Грудзинский А.О. с.9-20. 217 Грудзинский А.О. с.9-20.

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RirebulebebisTvis. unda SevimuSaoT Sesaferisi, magram ara Zalze rTuli procedurebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen finansur stabilurobasa da samarTlebrivi normebis dacvas saqmianobis yvela mimarTulebaSi. `farTodaa gavrcelebuli azri, rom Cven vagrZelebT xelsayreli SesaZleblobebis xelidan gaSvebas arsebuli struqturebisa da procedurebis gamo, romlebic Zalze zozina da xistia da ar iZlevian saSualebas ara marto movaxdinoT SemoqmedebiTi reagireba, aramed, SeZlebisdagvarad, winaswar ganvWvritoT warmoqmnili inteleqtualuri da finansuri ofcionebi...~ 218 amrigad, SeiZleba gamovyoT Semdegi ZiriTadi faqtorebi, romlebmac ganapirobes universitetebis swrafva radikaluri struqturuli transformaciebisadmi: marTvis efeqturobisa da xarisxis amaRleba; kvlevebisa da swavlebis bunebisa da akademiuri

disciplinebis ganviTarebis axali tendenciebi; formaluri gare moTxovnebi; konkurenciis gamwvaveba

restruqturizacia tardeboda cvlilebaTa mkafio

gacnobierebaSi, swavlebasa da kvlevebSi, axali disciplinaTSorisi mimarTulebis warmoSoba iTvleboda cvlilebaTa umniSvnelovanes sferod, romelic moiTxovda mizanmimarTul da aqtiur institucionalur saqmianobas. mravali mecnieruli wamowyeba xdeboda tradiciul saganTa gaTvaliswinebiT, amitom rogorc swavlebaSi, ise kvlevebSi saWiro iyo resursebisa da personalis axleburad dajgufeba. amave dros gaCnda saswavlo masalis SeTavazebis axali meTodebi da xarisxis axali formatebi. aseT pirobebSi Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo moqnili da arCeviTi midgoma, romelic mogvcemda saSualebas saswavlo programebSi CagverTo rogorc specifikuri Cvevebi, ise codnis fundamenturi safuZvlebic. rogorc aRvniSneT, yvela usd, Tavisi damfuZnebeli organoebisa da pirebis, sakuTrebis formis miuxedavad, asrulebs zogadsaxelmwifoebriv funqciebsa da amocanebs, amasTan, misi damfuZneblis rolSi SeiZleba mogvevlinos rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo subieqti. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi orientacia Tavisufali bazris Seqmnaze, gulisxmobs sabiujeto seqtoris restruqturizaciis zogad moTxovnebTan saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo usd-ebis statusis miyvanas, rasac mosdevs umaRlesi skolis gadacema sabazro Zalebis ZalauflebaSi,… `usd ganixileba, rogorc avtonomiuri `warmoeba~, romelic bazarze zustad iseve moqmedebs, rogorc biznesis nebismieri sxva sawarmo. saswavlo dawesebulebaSi TviTon unda iRebdnen pasuxismgeblobas bazarze sakuTar qmedebebze da konkurentuli brZolis pirobebSi

218 Taylor J. - p. 251-274

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maqsimaluri mogebiT momxmareblebisTvis saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebaTa miyidvis gamo~219.

ganaTlebis marTvis decentralizacia, rogorc am sferoSi administraciuli reformis dominirebadi Semadgeneli, gulisxmobs yvelaze optimalur pirobebs usd-ebis administraciul-samarTlebrivi statusis Sesacvlelad. gamosayenebel saSualebaTa arsenals Sorisaa - saxelmwifo organoebis uflebamosilebaTa delegireba sxvadasxva organizaciebisTvis, maT Soris, arasaxelmwifoebisTvisac, sajaro-saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebaTa gawevis mizniT, maTi organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebis gafarToeba, romelTa èlastiuroba~ saSualebas mogvcemda yvelaze efeqturad gadagveWra maTi samarTalsubieqturobis, ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da agreTve, umaRles ganaTlebaSi kerZo seqtoris sakiTxebi. saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis ZiriTadi miznebis misaRwevad, saqarTvelos kanonis ùmaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis avtonomias~220. avtonomiis definicias ki igive kanoni iZleva: àvtonomia - umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisa da misi ZiriTadi erTeulis Tavisufleba, damoukideblad gansazRvros da ganaxorcielos akademiuri, safinanso-ekonomikuri da administraciuli saqmianoba~221. Tu aRniSnuli komponentebis mixedviT ssip umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis analizs movaxdenT, ra Tqma unda, TvalnaTliv ikveTeba, rom igi srulad ver jdeba avtonomiis konteqstSi, zemoaRniSnuli komponentebTan mimarTebaSi sruli Tavisuflebis xarisxis gaTvaliswinebiT. rac Seexeba kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pir umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas yovelive aRniSnuli maTi sruli Tavisuflebis ganmsazRvreli namdvilad gaxlavT. Tu gamovricxavT erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Sedegad abiturientTa centralizebuli miRebis wess.

anu, ganixileba ra danergvisaTvis struqturis esa Tu is varianti, aucilebelia guldasmiT aiwon-daiwonos maTi susti da Zlieri mxareebi, gaTvaliswinebul iqnas umaRlesi saswavleblis specifika, misi adgili. umaRlesi saswavleblebi agrZeleben specialistebis masobriv gamoSvebas, romelic ar aris uzrunvelyofili ekonomikis moTxovnebiT. es warmoadgens umaRlesi saswavleblebis saqmianobaSi warmoeba – gasaRebis koncefciis SenarCunebis Sedegs, roca vyidiT imas, risi gakeTebac SegviZlia da ara imas, rac Wirdeba momxmarebels. magram aseTi midgoma ar Seesabameba umaRlesi saswavleblis warmatebul funqcionirebas, ramdenadac sabazro ekonomikaSi wamyvani roli miekuTvneba momxmarebels, roli profesiuli momzadebis saerTo sistemaSi, istoriulad Camoyalibebul specializaciaSi da sxva.

219 Майбуров И. стр. 31 220 sk ugS - muxli 3, punqti 2, qvepunqti v. 221 sk ugS - muxli 2, punqti b.

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specialistebis SefasebiT, saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebis SeTavazebam saqarTveloSi, am bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi, kolosaluri naxtomi gaakeTa da amJamad metia, vidre bazris moTxovna. amas mivyevarT imisaken, rom saswavlo dawesebulebani aramarto iwyeben erTmaneTTan konkurencias, aramed miiswrafvian ra studentebis mizidvisaken, sul ufro damokidebuli xdebian saqmianobis finansirebis kuTxiT SeTavazebuli produqtisa da momsaxurebis diferencirebasa da diversifikaciaze. konkurireben skolebi da programebi, aqtiurad midis brZola studentTa kontigentisaTvis, saxelmwifosgan dafinansebis, sazRvargareTidan daxmarebis, grantebis miRebisaTvis, sponsorebis mozidvisaTvis.

5.2. usd-s lojistikis sqema garemos SecvlasTan erTad, Seicvala umaRlesi skolis

lojistikuri sqemac. gegmiur–direqtiuli ekonomikis pirobebSi is gamoiyureboda klasikurad: resursi-warmoeba-produqti. abiturienti, romelic gadioda sakonkurso SerCevas gegmiuri SerCevis farglebSi, xdeboda universitetis studenti, sadac saxelmwifos xarjze swavlobda 5 weli, gamodioda axalgazrda specialisti da miemarTeboda ganawilebiT Sesabamisi profilis sawarmo an organizaciaSi.

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi universitetis lojistikurma sqemam ganicada cvlilebebi kavSirebsa da urTierTobebSi. gaCnda kavSiri universitetsa da ojaxs Soris, xelSekrulebis safuZvelze swavlebis aucilebeli gadasaxadis saxiT. ojaxi, resursebis ufasod mimwodeblidan gadaiqca umaRlesi saswavleblis momsaxurebis momxmareblad, ixdis ra fass saqonlis warmoebisTvis da iRebs mas swavlebis damTavrebis Semdeg. dasustda umaRlesi saswavleblis kavSiri ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministrosTan swavlebis finansuri nakadis Semcirebis nawilSi, anu saxelmwifo naklebi raodenobiT iZens umaRlesi saswavleblis warmoebul produqts da rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, warmoiSva konkurencia umaRles saswavleblebs Soris, rac sabazro winadadebebis xarisxis amaRlebis stimuls aZlevs maT.

centralizebuli sagegmo ekonomikis dros umaRlesi saswavleblebis bazars warmoadgenda saxelmwifo, romelic gamodioda, rogorc gadamxdeli umaRlesi saswavleblebis momsaxurebis da garantirebuli momxmarebeli axalgazrda specialistebis. Qqveynis ekonomikis reformirebis procesSi, am bazarze gamoCnda axali sabazro segmentebi da Tu wina periodSi zog struqturaSi SenarCunebuli iyo umaRlesi saswavleblidan miRebuli produqtis xarisxis mimarT dabali moTxovnebis tendencia, amJamad gazrdilia sabazro moTxovnebi specialistebis momzadebis xarisxis, rogorc organizaciebis konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis gadamwyveti faqtoris mimarT.

saganmanaTleblo sferoSi, lojistikis garemos, Semadgenlobisa da xasiaTis cvlileba, gansazRvravs sauniversiteto sistemaSi Sida saorganizacio cvlilebebis

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gatarebis aucileblobas. konkurentuli garemos gamkacrebul moTxovnebis mimarT uwyveti adaptaciis gareSe, SeuZlebelia bazris monawiled didxans darCena. zogierTi Sefasebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo umaRlesi dawesebulebebi, damZimebulebi moZvelebuli tradiciebiT, SexedulebebiT, sapensio asakis personaliT, konservatulobiT, auditoriuli da laboratoriuli fondis CamorCenilobiT da a.S. gatarebuli gardaqmnebis arasakmarisi tempebiT - bazridan gamodevnis savsebiT realuri kandidatebia sabazro koniuqturis Semdgomi garTulebis SemTxvevaSi. Bbazris mosalodnel safrTxeTa Sorisaa umaRlesi saswavleblebis privatizaciac, sabiujeto finansirebis Semdgomi Semcirebac da im sakadro resursebis simwirec, romelmac unda Seavsos asakis gamo wasuli kvalificiuri pedagogiuri personalis adgili da a.S.

konkurenciis gamZafreba da umaRlesi saswavleblebis konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis aucilebloba gansazRvravs maT mier sameurneo marketingis filosofiis daCqarebul aTvisebas, rogorc momxmareblis moTxovnis Seswavlisa da xarisxiani dakmayofilebis saSualebiT organizaciis miznebis miRwevis sistemas.

axali specialobebis aRmoCena da perspeqtiulisaTvis xelis Sewyoba, swavlebis xarisxis politikis gacxadeba da konkurentuli analizis Catareba ganxilul unda iqnas, rogorc pirveli nabijebi umaRlesi saswavleblis marTvisadmi sabazro midgomis aTvisebaSi. aucilebelia ganxorcieldes sistemuri samuSao sxvadasxva sabazro segmentebis moTxovnebze. universitetis mier saqmianobis marketinguli koncefciis aTviseba, SeiZleba SeuTavsdes uwyvet Sida cvlilebebs, mimarTuls funqcionirebis axali standartebis aTvisebisaken, romelsac iTxovs garemos dinamika. sistemuri gardaqmnisaTvis efeqturia universitetis konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis meTodi.

5.3. usd-s funqciuri sistemebi

universitetis, rogorc nebismieri sxva sabazro pirobebSi moqmedi struqturis safuZvels Seadgens Semdegi funqciuri sistemebi: komunikaciuri, mmarTveli, saorganizacio da teqnologiuri.

universitetis struqturis warmodgena, organizaciis sistemisa da donis saxiT, saSualebas iZleva gamovyoT elementebi da movaxdinoT maTi funqciuri analizi.

sabazro urTierTobebze gadasvlisas umaRles saswavleblebs gauCndaT axali funqcia gare sferoSi, xolo Sida garemoSi SeiniSneba axali da Zveli sawarmoo funqciebis Sexameba dRevandeli dRisaTvis axlis upiratesobiT. universitetis komunikaciuri sistema konkurentul garemoSi monitoringis safuZvelze (bazris tevadoba, misi struqtura, fasi, momsaxurebis xarisxi da a.S). ayalibebs moTxovnebs saganmanaTleblo programebis Semadgenlobis da moculobis, maTi kvalifikaciisa da materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis, swavlebis vadebis, resursebis xarjvis mimarT.

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miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze universitetis mmarTveli sistema afasebs SesaZleblobebs, amuSavebs korporatiul strategias, saxavs miznebs yvela sistemisaTvis da axorcielebs kontrols maT miRwevebze. sruldeba struqturis funqciis analizi yovel elementSi da maTi efeqturobis Sefaseba mocemuli kriteriumebis mixedviT. efeqturi urTierTmoqmedebis uzrunvelyofa yvela elementis miRebuli strategiisaTvis Tanadaqvemdebarebis safuZvelze, warmoebs organizaciuli sistemiT. Semdeg xdeba SesaZleblobebis Sefaseba momxmareblis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, axalgazrda specialistebis momzadebis teqnologiuri sistemiT. universitetis gardaqmnis efeqturoba, misi struqturuli elementebis urTierTmoqmedeba, fasdeba sazogadoebrivi kriteriumebiT – bazrisaTvis gaweuli momsaxurebis konkurentunarianobiT. Tu konkurentunarianobis miRweuli done uzrunvelyofs bazarze umaRlesi saswavleblis arCeuli strategiis realizaciis SesaZleblobas, maSin moqmedebaSi modis sistemis gardaqmnis programa vadebisa da pasuxismgebeli pirebis dadgeniT.

situacia saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebis bazarze xasiaTdeba moTxovnaze SeTavazebulis gadametebiT da konkurenciis gamwvavebiT. universitetebisaTvis saxelmwifo daxmarebis Semdgomi Semcirebisas zogierTma maTganma, metad damZimebulma, sawarmoo bazis CamorCenilobiT, mmarTveli gundis sisustiT da a.S. SeiZleba ver gauZlos konkurentul brZolas da CamoSordnen bazars.

umaRlesi saswavleblis gadarCenis piroba amgvar perspeqtivaSi aris aqtiuri zomebis miReba sabazro sivrcis aTvisebisaTvis, saqmianobis marketinguli koncefciis safuZvelze, Sida garemos struqturul gardaqmnasTan erTad, konkurentunarianobis gazrdis mimarTulebiT.222 erTian saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi upiratesobaTa ricxvs SeiZleba miekuTvnos ucxo qveynebis studentebisTvis CvenTan swavlis mimzidvelobis zrda, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom saqarTveloSi ukve miiReba ganaTlebis Sesaxeb dokumenti, romelic advilad cnobadi iqneba maT qveynebSi, xolo swavlis gadasaxadi saqarTveloSi ki SedarebiT dabalia. Tumca SeiZleba moxdes isic, rom bevri saganmanaTleblo programiT ucxoelma studentebma ubralod ar moindomon saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis miReba, magaliTad es exeba socialur-ekonomikur specialobebs, romlebic ara moTxovnadia evropaSi im saxiT, ra saxiTac isini arseboben CvenTan amJamad. amasTan, arsebobs yvela safuZveli imisaTvis, rom saqarTveloSi miRebuli ganaTleba fundamentur, sabunebismetyvelo-samecniero da humanitaruli specialobebsa da mimarTulebebSi, aseve kulturis sferoSi udaod iqneba moTxovnadi, Tumca, amisaTvis, rogorc zemoT iTqva, saWiro iqneba Cveni saorganizacio-meToduri dokumentebis, ganaTlebis

222 Прокопенко С.А. стр. 6

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standartebis CaTvliT, agreTve specialobebis CamonaTvalis saerTaSoriso praqtikis SesabamisobaSi moyvana. 5.4. usd-s Sejerebuli modelebi, sxvadasxva qveynebis gamocdilebis mixedviT.

adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso saswavleblebis mier ganvlili istoriuli gzisa da praqtikuli gamocdilebis SejerebiT, SesaZlebelia gamovkveToT efeqturi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, romelsac Cvens qveyanaSi, ideaSi, movargebdiT realobas. albaT, es modeli SeiZleba warmovidginoT yvela qveynis gamocdilebis saukeTeso komponentTa naerTis mixedviT:

Zveli sauniversiteto tradiciebis Serwyma ganaTlebis marTvis inovaciur meTodebTan, fundamentur ganaTlebasa da samecniero-kvleviT saqmianobasTan (germanulTan miaxloebuli modeli).

ganaTlebis modernizaciis aucilebloba, universitetebis marTvis axali praqtikis danergva (didi britaneTis magaliTze)

internacionalizaciis strategia (didi britaneTis magaliTi).

aseve efeqturia aSS-s korporaciuli universitetebis Taviseburebebis faqtorebis danergvis perspeqtiva Cveni qveynis saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi:

universitetis polifunqcionaloba, an rogorc Tanamedrove codnis transferis generirebis, ise misi uzrunvelyofis unari;

Zlieri orientacia samecniero kvlevebsa da SemuSavebebze, upirveles yovlisa, fundamentalur kvlevebze;

orientacia mecnierebis Tanamedrove mimarTulebebze, maRali teqnologiebi da inovaciuri seqtori ekonomikaSi, mecnierebaSi, teqnikaSi;

specialobebisa da specializaciebis farTo nakrebi. konkursebis, maT Soris saerTaSoriso konkursebis

safuZvelze samuSaod miRebuli pedagogebis maRali profesiuli done; msoflios sxvadasxva qeynebidan droebiT samuSaoze wamyvani specialistebis mosawvevad SesaZleblobebis arseboba;

sainformacio sajaroobis maRali xarisxi da integracia mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso sistemaSi;

msoflio gamocdilebis gaziareba, moqniloba samecniero kvlevebis axal mimarTulebebTan da swavlebis meTodologiasTan mimarTebaSi;

seleqciuri midgoma studentebis SerCevisas; universitetis irgvliv gansakuTrebuli

inteleqtualuri garemos Seqmna;

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mecnierebebze, demokratiul faseulobebsa da akademiur Tavisuflebebze bazirebuli korporaciuli eTikis arseboba;

swrafva liderobisken regionis, qveynis, mTlianobaSi msoflio da saganmanaTleblo gaerTianebis SigniT.223

mravali magaliTis moyvanaa SesaZlebeli, bevri saintereso mosazreba warmodgenilia TviT `Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis strategiuli ganviTarebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebSi~. magaliTad `unda ganisazRvros samecniero kvlevisa da swavlebis prioritetebi, posteriotebi~ am procesis umTavresi kriteriumi iqneba swavlebisa da kvlevis xarisxi. e.i. umTavresia gansazRvrulis srulfasovani realizaciis Sedegad miRebuli produqti - romelic Tavis mxriv ganxorcielebis vadebs, temps, xarisxs ukavSirdeba, Torem rogori srulyofilic ar unda iyos ideaTa da mosazrebaTa nakrebi, misi srulfasovani Sesrulebis gareSe, arsebul konkurentunarianobis farglebSi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba ganwirulia. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebis Tanamedrove ganviTarebaze zemoqmedebas axdens Semdegi faqtorebi, romlebic SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT globalur faqtorebs, vinaidan isini damaxasiaTebelia rogorc ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis wevri qveynebisaTvis, ise ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis partniori qveynebis mniSvnelovani nawilisaTvis:

masobrivi swrafva umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebisadmi;

sabazo umaRlesi ganaTlebis regularuli ganaxleba da Sevseba sazogadoebisa da teqnologiebis gaZlierebuli dinamikuri ganviTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

sazogadoebis moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad, umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemebisadmi, codnis Sinaarsisa da moculobisadmi, misi SeZenis formebisa da meTodebisadmi moTxovnebis mravalferovneba;

saxelmwifos mxridan ganaTlebis administrirebuli marTvis liberalizacia;

demografiuli daqveiTeba, mosaxleobis demografiuli struqturis Secvla: SedarebiT zrdasruli da xandazmuli mosaxleobis wilis gazrda `tradiciulad~ studenturi asakis mosaxleobis wilTan SedarebiT. saganmanaTleblo politikaSi ufrosi asakis jgufebis moTxovnilebaTa gaTvaliswineba;

umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis mxardaWerisa da ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro saxelmwifo resursebis ddficiti;

223 Экономика, Социология, Менеджмент. стр 6; 10; 11;23;25

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inovaciuri saganmanaTleblo teqnologiebis ganviTareba; saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebis bazris internacionalizacia.

ras niSnavs es umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis mimarTulebebisa da marTvis meTodebisaTvis? me-20 saukuneSi ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis wevri meti wili qveynebis mTavrobebi mniSvnelovan kontrols uwevdnen da gavlenas axdendnen am seqtorSi ekonomikuri zrdis mxardaWerisa da socialuri samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. dRes, erTis mxriv, rigi qveynebisa bevrad metad arian dainteresebuli imis uzrunvelyofiT, rom umaRlesi saswavleblebi Seesabamebodnen ekonomikur da socialur saWiroebebs, amasTan iTvaliswineben maT mniSvnelobas codnaze orientirebul sazogadoebaSi. meore mxriv, isini aRiareben, rom codnisa da swavlebis Camoyalibebis centralizebuli dagegmva xSirad araefeqtiania. ganviTarebul sazogadoebasa da ekonomikas sWirdeba iseTi saganmanaTleblo institutebi, romlebic imoqmedebda damoukideblobis garkveuli xarisxiT, radgan sxvadasxva jgufis momxmareblebisaTvis SeTavazebuli swavlebis sxvadasxva formaze moTxovnisa da miwodebis regulirebaSi, sabazro meqanizmebi xSirad ufro efeqtiania, vidre administraciuli. rogor ayalibeben sxvadasxva qveynebi am sakiTxs da rogor wyveten am sakiTxTan dakavSirebul umaRlesi ganaTlebis institutebis marTvis amocanebs?! situaciis analizi efuZneba im donis gansazRvras, sadamdec umaRles saswavleblebs SeuZliaT isargeblon avtonomiiT da ganaviTaron TavianTi sakuTari Sida resursebi, amasTan SeinarCunon umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis mTlianoba. kerZod, es gulisxmobs umaRlesi skolis saqmianobaze mmarTvelobiTi zemoqmedebis cvlilebaTa Semdegi aspeqtebis ganxilvas: • pirveli, ramdenad Tavisufali arian umaRlesi saswavleblebi sakuTari amocanebis ganxorcielebaSi; • meore, ra doneze arian damokidebuli saxelmwifo dafinansebaze an ra doneze SeuZliaT daeyrdnon sakuTar resursebs; • mesame, umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi cvalebadi kontrolis meTodebi da xarisxis garantiebi; • meoTxe, usd-ebis xelmZRvanelobis gaZliereba; • mexuTe, axali rolebi maTi xelmZRvanelobisaTvis.

adgilobrivi faqtorebi gansazRvravs umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi sam urTierTdakavSirebul tendencias: • mosaxleobis ganaTlebis donis amaRlebas; • umaRlesi ganaTlebis internacionalizacias; • umaRlesi saswavleblebis TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTarebis gaaqtiurebas _ ganaTlebis `avtonomizacias~.

qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli inovaciuri da samecniero kvlevebis ganviTarebaze, aseve umaRles saganmanaTleblo

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dawesebulebasa da bizness Soris urTierTkavSiris gaZlierebaze. dRes yvelaze umTavresi rac SeiZleba SesTavazos qveyanas umaRlesma saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebam aris codnisa da kvlevebis maRali doniT miRweuli teqnologiebis, ganviTareba da warmatebuli Sedegebis biznes seqtorSi danergva. radgan ganviTarebuli inovaciuri sistemebi, Tavis mxriv mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebis utyuari garantia.

Tu Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis magaliTze vismjelebT, aRmovaCenT, rom dargobrivi inteleqtualuri potencialis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZlebelia warmoebas, biznes seqtors SesTavazon momsaxureba da miiRon dakveTebi janmrTelobis sferodan, eleqtronikis, manqanaTmSeneblobis, soflis meurneobis da sxvadasxva dargebidan. TumcaRa xazi unda gaesvas garemoebas, rom saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, kvlevebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, arcTuise efeqturad gamoiyurebian da aRniSnuls upirvelesad arasakmarisi dafinanseba gansazRvravs. Tumca, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri – umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi maqsimalurad arian CarTulni erovnuli da samecniero grantebis mopovebis konkursebSi. aseve xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom Sedegebis mixedviT saqarTvelos saganmanTleblo sivrceSi mopovebuli samecniero grantebis mniSvnelovani procenti swored Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetze nawildeba.

saqarTvelos kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi ZiriTadad saswavlo dawesebulebebis funqciebiT Semoifarglebian da nakleb interess iCenen kvlevebTan mimarTebaSi. saqarTvelos pirobebSi, saxelmwifo dafinansebis simciris gamo, efeqturi iqneboda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebTan samecniero teqnocentrebis, teqnoparkebisa da biznes inkubatorebis Seqmna, rac aramarto xels Seuwyobs mecnieruli kvlevebis ganviTarebas, aramed momgebiani iqneba ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiTac. Sromis axali ganawileba swavlebasa da kvlevebs, erTi mxriv, da institucionalur menejments Soris, meores mxriv, saSualebas mogvcems gadavwyvitoT umaRlesi ganaTlebis winaSe arsebuli mravali problema, magram es axali modelebi unda gamoviyenoT gonivrulad da delikaturad mocemuli kvlevis Sedegebi mowmoben imis Sesaxeb, rom aseT Sexedulebas iziarebs mravali akademiuri moRvawe. universiteti, romelic SesaZlebelia akmayofilebdes aramarto qveynis, aramed regionis saganmanaTleblo, samecniero da kulturuli cxovrebis integrirebis process, unda anviTarebdes Semdeg mimarTulebebs:

· axorcielebdes samecniero kvlevebze dafuZnebul progresul ganviTarebaSi efeqturi wvlilis Setanis unaris mqone maRalkvalificiuri kadrebis momzadebas; · anviTarebdes fundamentur da gamoyenebiT mecnierebas, Tanamedrove sazogadoebis socialur da ekonomikur problemaTa efeqturi gadaWrisaTvis, aRwevdes axali codnisa da

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teqnologiebis wyaroebisa da ganaTlebis maRal xarisxs, anviTarebdes teqnologiebsa da codnis transferis zogadsauniversiteto kulturas, romelsac mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs qveynis ganaTlebis ganviTarebaSi;

Tavi X. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis Teoriuli safuZvlebi

§ 1. usd-s organizaciul struqturaTa Teoriebi.

70-80-ian wlebSi warmoqmnil organizaciul struqturaTa Teoriebi warmoadgenen warmatebuli konkurenciisTvis aucilebel Sida organizaciasa da samuSao garemos Soris urTierTkavSiris xasiaTis axsnis mcdelobebs. am Teoriebidan erT-erTia arastabilurobis modeli. am modelis Tanaxmad, stabilur gare pirobebSi muSaobisas, rodesac teqnologiuri cvlilebebi SezRuduli da ganWvretilia, organizaciebs aqvT midrekileba Seqmnan centralizebuli meqanikuri struqturebi xelisuflebis mkafio ierarqiiTa da mkacrad miTiTebuli wesebiTa da procedurebiT. adre swored ase funqcionirebda umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema. arastabilurobis modeli gulisxmobs, rom swrafad cvladi pirobebisa da ganuWvreteli teqnologiuri cvlilebebis periodSi organizaciebi orientirebulni arian ufro moqnili, Tavisufali, organuli struqturebisken Sida avtonomiis mometebuli doniT, romlebSic komunikaciebi xorcieldeba ara marto vertikalurad, aramed horizontaluradac.

menejmentis cnobili specialisti, mak-gilis universitetis (McGill University - monreali) profesori h. mincbergi aRwers sxvadasxva struqturul midgomebs konteqstisa da organizaciis moTxovnaTa mixedviT. is gvTavazobs universitetTa reorganizaciis zogierT sabazro princips: `efeqturi struqturireba moiTxovs konkretuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebas struqturis parametrTa Sida logikurobisa~ da `struqturis parametrTa gansazRvris dros~. mecnieri xazs usvams Sida organizaciuli struqturis mniSvnelobas. erTis mxriv, dajgufeba unda iyos Sekruli saerTo zedamxedvelobis, resursebisa da imis xarjze, rasac h. mincbergi gansazRvravs, rogorc `urTierTSeguebas~; meore mxriv, aucilebelia gavacnobieroT, rom organizaciuli qvedanayofebi gansxvavdebian TavianTi miznebiT, droebiTi perspeqtiviT, urTierTobis stiliTa da formalizaciis doniT. da bolos, h. mincbergi gansazRvravs dajgufebebisTvis damaxasiaTebel oTx umniSvnelovanes urTierTdamokidebulebas:

· samuSao urTierTdamokidebulebebi dakavSirebulni arian jgufis SigniT procesis rac SeiZleba meti aspeqtis SenarCunebis aucileblobasTan.

· procesis urTierTdamokidebulebebi exebian profesionalTa erToblivi muSaobis aucileblobasa da specializacias.

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· masStaburi urTierTdamokidebulebebi gulisxmoben saerTo samsaxurebrivi jgufebis Seqmnas infrastruqturis dublirebis nacvlad.

· TiToeuli calkeuli jgufisTvis socialuri urTierTdamokidebulebebi gansazRvraven pirad da socialur moTxovnilebebs.

aseTia universitetTa organizaciuli qvedanayofebis Seqmnis konceptualuri CarCoebi.

h. mincbergi axdens Svid saxed organizaciis klasificirebas: manqanuri (meqanikuri) organizacia, samewarmeo organizacia, profesiuli organizacia, edhokratiuli organizacia, diversificirebuli organizacia, politikuri organizacia da ideologiuri organizacia. misi klasifikaciis Sesabamisad usd-ebi miekuTvnebian profesiuli tipis oraginazciebs. profesiuli organizacia mokle aRweriT: Seqmnilia saeqsperto samuSaos Sesasruleblad SedarebiT stabilur pirobebSi, maSasadame, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba unar-Cvevebis, standartizaciasa da momsaxurebaTa gamoyofas, romlebic Sesrulebul unda iqnen SedarebiT damoukidebeli da zegavleniani eqspertebis mier. amave dros administratorebi ufro metad uweven daxmarebas, vidre akontroleben Sesrulebas. eseni, Cveulebriv, saavadmyofoebi, universitetebi da sxva organizaciebia, sadac sakvanZo rols TamaSobs kvalifikacia d xeloba~.

am ganazRvrebaSi strategiis formirebis amocanis TvalsazrisiT centralur rols TamaSobs debuleba `SedarebiT stabiluri pirobebis~ Sesaxeb.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am konkretuli TvalsazrisiT, universitetis, rogorc profesiuli organizaciis, gansazRvreba ar Seesabameba dRevandeli dRis realiebs. universitetis mier strategiuli marTvis problema warmoiSva swored imis gamo, rom gare garemom daiwyo swrafi da uwyveti cvlileba. gare garemos moTxovnebma da usd-ebis organizaciis sawyisma tipma gansazRvres universitetis organizaciuli struqturis transformaciis veqtori, romelic mimarTulia klasikuri profesiuli organizaciidan profesiuli samewarmeo organizaciis mxarisken.

h. mincbergi gansazRvravs samewarmeo organizacias sakmaod viwro gagebiT, rogorc xelmZRvanelis mier piradad kontrolirebad sustad SemuSavebul moqnil struqturas. amave dros, samewarmeo organizaciebis nimuSTa saxiT is asaxelebs damwyeb kompaniebsa da mcire biznesis sawarmoebs. Tumca Tanamedrove pirobebSi korporaciebis marTvis ganviTarebis logikam migviyvana im gagebamde, rom samewarmeo organizaciis ideebi gamoyenebadia msxvili kompanebisa da universitetebis agebasTan mimarTulebaSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT, unda vaxsenoT ori naSromi, romlebmac warmoCines es axali mimarTuleba, saerTod, menejmentsa da, kerZod, universitetis menejmentSi. esenia mecnierebis s. goSalisa da s. bartletis monografia `individualizirebuli korporacia. fundamenturad axali midgoma

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menejmentTan mimarTebaSi~224 da b. klarkis - `vqmniT ra samewarmeo universitetebs: transformaciis organizaciuli gzebi~ 225.

yvela universitetma, mihyvebodnen ra dirensisa da j. lorSis rekomendaciebs, mniSvnelovani yuradReba dauTmo komunikaciisa da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis mokle vertikaluri xazebis Seqmnas. amave dros, mincbergis mier SemuSavebuli warmatebuli dajgufebis niSnebi gamoyenebadia zogierTi axali struqturisadmi procesebis urTierTdamokidebulebaTa TvalsazrisiT. SesaZloa, umaRlesi ganaTlebis ganviTarebis grZelvadiani istoriis poziciidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom kaTedra ukve ar aris kvlevebisa da swavlebis ganxorcielebis ZiriTadi ujredi. l. lorensi da j. lorSi, romlebmac moaxdines marketingisa da ekonomikur-teqnologiuri sistemebis analizi, amtkiceben, agreTve, rom organizaciuli struqturis ganviTareba aris ori urTierTdakavSirebuli da urTierTSemavsebeli procesis - diferenciaciisa da integraciis Sedegi. b. klarkma ganaviTara es idea umaRles ganaTlebasTan mimarTebaSi. daurwmuneblobisa da sirTulis zrdis gamo - xolo Cveni samyaro metismetad rTulia - organizaciebs midrekileba aqvT diferencirebisken, warmoqmnian ra TavianT SemadgenlobaSi viwrospecializirebul qvedanayofebs, romelTagan TiToeuls gaaCnia pasuxismgeblobis sakuTari sfero. amave dros Warb diferenciacias mosdevs Zalisxmevisa da danaxarjebis dublireba, e.i. aucilebelia viswrafodeT efeqturi TanamSromlobisken qvedanayofebs Soris. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `efeqtur institutebs arastabilur pirobebSi gaaCniaT organizaciuli struqturebi, romlebic xasiaTdebian rogorc integraciis, ise diferenciaciis maRali doniTac~226. Sromis fsiqologiis fuZemdebeli, konsaltingis pirveli kompaniis damaarsebeli aSS-Si s. v. dili da b. sporni aRweren universitetebSi daCqarebuli teqnologiuri ganviTarebisa da konkurenciis gamwvavebis fonze mimdinare tradiciuli biurokratiuli da ierarqiuli struqturebis daSlasa da axalqselur komunikaciaze gadasvlas: `adaptaciisa da inovaciebisadmi maqsimaluri potenciali gaaCniaT qselur struqturebs, romlebic axdenen Tanaziarobis, ndobisa da xangrZlivi erTgulebis waxalisebas~.227 gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda davuTmoT kaTedrebs, rogorc sakvanZo organizaciul qvedanayofebs. mecnierebi T. bexeri da m. kogani xazs usvamen, rom kaTedrebi warmoadgenen universitetTa struqturul elementebs, romelTa safuZvelSi devs sakuTari disciplinebisadmi akademiuri moRvaweebis instiqturi erTguleba, romelic ufro naTladaa gamoxatuli, vidre erTguleba ufro ganStoebuli qvedanayofebisadmi,

224 Ghoshal S., Bartlett C.A. Business Book, 2000 225 Clark B.R. Press: Pergamon: Elsever Science, 1998 226 Dill, D.D. p 95. 227 Dill, D.D p. 96.

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iseTebisadmi, rogorebic arian skolebi, fakultetebi da TviT universitetebic ki. 228

universitetebis marTvis msoflioSi cnobilma eqspertma Satokma aRniSna kaTedrebis mniSvneloba sauniversiteto menejmentisTvis: `aucilebelia yvelanairad SevinarCunoT kaTedrebi. maTi xelmZRvaneloba, maTi memkvidreobiTobis politika, axalgazrdebis stimulirebis maT mier gamoyenebuli xerxebi unda iyos universitetis centraluri administraciis mniSvnelovani yuradRebis sagani; unda gvixarodes maTi warmatebebi, warumateblobebisas - gvqondes TanagrZnoba. resursTa ganawilebis procesi, pirvel rigSi, mimarTuli unda iyos imaze, rom rac SeiZleba ufro srulad (yvela arsebuli SezRudvebis gaTvaliswinebiT) iqnes uzrunvelyofili kaTedrebisTvis TavianTi sakvlevi da saswavlo valdebulebebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba~229. sxva mecnierebi eWvis qveS ayeneben tradiciul sakaTedro struqturebs. ase, magaliTad, miCiganis universitetis profesori j. duderStadti amtkicebs, rom `konsensusis miRwevisa da debatebis fakultaturi tradiciebi, akademiuri kaTedrebisa da disciplinebis Zlier danawevrebul organizaciasTan erTobliobaSi, sul ufro naklebad pasuxoben gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis moTxovnebs, zogadsauniversiteto procesebis tempebsa da masStabebTan dakavSirebiT~230. is ganazogadebs universitetebis winaSe arsebul problemebs: `ubralod ararealisturi iqneba imis molodini, rom aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi an aswleulebis winaTac ki Camoyalibebul marTvis meqanizmebs ZaluZT emsaxuron Tanamedrove universitets an sazogadoebas mTlianobaSi. savsebiT naTlad gveCveneba, rom XXI saukunis universitetebs sWirdebaT xelmZRvanelobisa da marTvis axali modelebi, romlebic mogvcemen saSualebas gaviTvaliswinoT Cveni sazogadoebisa da misi sagamanaTleblo dawesebulebis cvladi moTxovnilebebi da warmoqmnili problemebi~231.

Tavi XI.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis sayovelTaobis sakiTxi

§ 1. ganaTlebis miReba, rogoc moqalaqeTa konstituciuri ufleba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis ganviTarebis

sxvadasxva perspeqtivebis ganxilvisas, xazi unda gaesvas erT mniSvnelovan garemoebas, aris Tu ara umaRlesi ganaTleba saqarTveloSi sayovelTao?!

228 Becher, T. and Kogan, M. (1992).Becher, T. and Trowler, P. (2001) 229 Shattock, M, Managing p. 74 230 Duderstadt, J. A p. 240 231 Duderstadt, J. A 2000, p. 257

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saqarTvelos konstituciis 35-e muxlis 1 punqtis Tanaxmad: `yvelas aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisa da misi formis arCevis ufleba~ - es moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebaa da arCevanSi SezRudva dauSvebelia. amave muxlis me-3 punqtiT gansazRvrulia, rom `dawyebiTi da sabazo ganaTleba savaldebuloa~, aseve `...moqalaqeebs ufleba aqvT kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, saxelmwifos dafinansebiT miiRon profesiuli da umaRlesi ganaTleba~.

saqarTvelos konstituciiT aRiarebuli socialuri ufleba – ganaTlebis ufleba,232 dakavSirebulia Tanasworuflebianobis konstituciur principTan, rac gulisxmobs ,,yvelas” ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmoSobisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli adgilisa, moqalaqeobisa, Tanasworobas ganaTlebis konstituciuri uflebiT sargeblobaSi. ganaTlebis uflebis safuZvelze yvelasaTvis ganviTarebis Tanabari Sansis micema ar gulisxmobs umaRlesi ganaTlebis sayovelTaobis principis danergvis savaldebuloobas. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos konstitucia pirdapir ar gvaZlevs pasuxs kiTxvaze, aris Tu ara SesaZlebeli sajaro funqciis – umaRlesi ganaTlebis organizaciuli mowyobis kerZo samarTlebrivi formis gamoyenebis gziT ganxorcieleba, sajaro funqciebis kerZo pirebisTvis gadacemis (Sps kerZo universiteti) an saxelmwifos mier kerZo samarTlis formiT ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi Cndeba misi kanonismieri daTqmis principTan233 Sesabamisobis sakiTxi.

sayovelTao keTildReobis saxelmwifo gulisxmobs

saxelmwifos uflebamosilebebis da moqalaqeTa saxelmwifosadmi

damokidebulebis gazrdas. gamomdinare iqidan, rom es warmoSobs

safrTxes adamianis uflebebis SezRudvis, kanonismieri daTqmis

principi gulisxmobs mmarTvelobiTi RonisZiebebis

ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo normis

safuZvelze (legalurobis safuZveli).234

erTi mxriv, aRiarebulia mmarTvelobis organos saqmianobis samarTlebrivi formis arCevis Tavisufleba235, meores mxriv, ramdenadac adgili aqvs sajaro samarTlebrivi funqciis ganxorcielebasTan, is eqvemdebareba gansakuTrebul SezRudvebs. administraciuli organo kerZo samarTlis formis gamoyenebisas moqmedebs kerZo samarTlis sferoSi, magram miuxedavad amisa, is, gansxvavebiT kerZo pirebisgan, valdebulia daicvas konstituciiT aRiarebuli Tanasworobis principi, adamianis pativi da Rirseba, pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebis ufleba da a.S.236

232 sk-is 35-e muxlis komentari, ix. levan izoria, gv. 298 233 kanonismieri daTqmis principi, ix. turava p, wkeplaZe n, 2010, gv. 30. 234 Hagemeister, gv. 108 235 ix. turava p, wkeplaZe n, 2010, gv. 17 236 Hagemeister, gv. 124.

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§2. umaRlesi ganaTlebis sayovelTaoba

sabWoTa saqarTvelos pirobebSi funqcionirebda erTi saxelmwifo universiteti, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis saxiT, TbilisSi dislocirebul sxva umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs hqondaT institutis statusi, rogoric iyo politeqnikuri, ucxo enebis, samedicino, puSkinis saxelobis pedagogiuri (Semdgom sulxan saba-orbelianis saxelobis), zooveterinaluri, sasoflo-sameurneo, fizkulturis da a.S. institutebi. aseve institutebi ZiriTadad pedagogiuri profilis funqcionirebda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqebSi: quTaisSi, gorSi, baTumSi, TelavSi da a.S. zog qalaqSi funqcionirebdnen aseve politeqnikuri Tu ekonomikuri profilis institutebi (mag. quTaisSi, gorSi da a.S.) garda umaRlesi saswavleblebisa funqcionirebdnen saSualo specialuri saswavleblebi (rogoric iyo e.w. samedicino, musikaluri, kavSirgabmulobis teqnikumebi da a.S.) da profteqnikumebi (profesiul-teqnikuri saswavleblebi), romlebic amzadebdnen sxvadasxva profilis kadrebs sawarmoebisa da sxvadasxva obieqtebisaTvis. rogori suraTia Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi?! dRes Cvens qveyanaSi sul 70 akreditebuli da 200-mde licenzirebuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaa, maT Soris 40-ze meti kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaa237. (TumcaRa, avtorizaciis institutis SemoReba, am suraTs mniSvnelovnad Secvlis da savsebiT samarTlianadac) aris Tu ara Cveni qveynis farglebSi amdeni usd-s funqcionirebis aucilebloba da unda SevTavazoT Tu ara yvelas umaRlesi ganaTleba. 2009-2010 saswavlo wlis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi 28948 abiturientTagan 27624 studenti gaxda (25054 bakalavriatis, 2570 - umaRlesi profesiuli programebis)238. ra midgoma unda ganvaviTaroT, darCenil kategoriasac umaRlesi ganaTleba unda SevTavazoT?! raRa Tqma unda arsebobs specialobebi, romelic ar saWiroebs umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebas, magram, bunebrivia, saWiroebs konkretuli specialobis SeTavazebas. vin gegmavs da an vin awarmoebs imis monitorings, ramdeni eqimi, ekonomisti, iuristi, fizikosi Tu a.S. Wirdeba yovelwliurad Cvens qveyanas?! (rigi mosazrebebiT, dagegmva am mimarTebiT araefeqtiania). mxolod is specialistebi, romlebic orientirebulni arian bazarze, (es upirvelesad SeiZleba iTqvas iuristebsa da ekonomistebze) martivad axerxeben `TavSesafari~ hpovon profilur kerZo seqtorebSi. ra Tqma unda, sasurvelia, rac SeiZleba mets hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi ganaTleba. XXI saukune sxva moTxovnebsa da

237 saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros vebgverdi 238saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros vebgverdi

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kompenteciebs moiTxovs, arian mzad Tu ara Cveni umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi amisaTvis programulad? aseve umaRlesi ganaTleba bunebrivia zrdis inteleqtualobis xarisxs, magram diplomi yovelTvis ar udris inteleqtualobas da ganswavlulobas. xazgasasmelia erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxic: SesaZlebelia Tu ara ganvixiloT umaRlesi ganaTleba pirovnebis pativisa da Rirsebis aucilebel Semadgenel nawilad?! – aRniSnuli sakiTxi gansaxilvelia albaT individualuri da ara sayovelTao midagomis farglebSi.

amasTan Cndeba mravali kiTxvac: Wirdeba mepures, mewaRes an zeinkals umaRlesi ganaTleba?! Wirdeba `supermarketis~ gamyidvels iyos kargi ekonomisti, finansisti da a.S. ara, magram aucilebloba mdgomareobs erTSi: unda iyos Tavisi saqmis kargi specialisti. am mimarTebiT, dadebiT nabijad SeiZleba iqnes miCneuli is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi viTardeba profesiuli ganaTlebis sistema.

im SemTxevaSi, Tu licenzirebuli umaRlesi saswavleblebi avtorizacias ver gaivlian, SesaZlebloba miecemaT, sazogadoebriv institutebad (Community College) Camoyalibdnen. `sazogadoebriv institutSi iswavlian is bavSvebi, romlebmac ver Caabares erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi, atestatis asaRebad ver gadalaxes minimaluri kompetenciis zRvari da aseve surT, mcire periodSi - ori wlis ganmavlobaSi konkretul profesiebs daeuflon~.239

zemoaRniSnuli sakiTxis regulirebis mizniT, saqarTvelos kanonSi - `profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ Setanili cvlilebebisa da damatebebis safuZvelze, ganisazRvra profesiuli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis formati, romelic aerTianebs profesiul da sazogadoebriv kolejebs.240 amave kanonis me-4 muxlis R1 punqtiT Camoyalibebul iqna sazogadoebrivi kolejis definicia: `sazogadoebrivi koleji - profesiuli saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, romelic profesiuli saganmanaTleblo programebis paralelurad axorcielebs mosamzadebel zogadsaganmanaTleblo an/da liberaluri ganaTlebis saganmanaTleblo programebs, aseve uflebamosilia ganaxorcielos qarTuli enis saganmanaTleblo programa~.241

amasTan xazgasasmelia, rom aRniSnuli kanonis 302 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad `mosamzadebeli zogadsaganmanaTleblo programiT swavlis ufleba aqvs im pirs, romelmac, zogadi ganaTlebis saSualo safexuris gavlis miuxedavad, ver SeZlo zogadi ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumentis mopoveba~.242

Cvens qveyanaSi bevri, maT Soris xazgasmiT umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis warmomadgeneli Tvlis, rom

239 gazeTi `versia~ # 82 (431) 23 ivlisi, 2010 weli. gv. 7 240 saqarTvelos kanonis `profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ muxli 4. punqti f 241 saqarTvelos kanonis `profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ muxli 4. punqti R1 242 saqarTvelos kanonis `profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ muxli 302 . punqti 2

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Tanamedroveobas da progress sWirdeba swored rom adamianebi umaRlesi ganaTlebiT. misaRebi mosazrebaa, magram realisturi TvalsazrisiT, Tanamedrove samyaros mowyobas ar Wirdeba yvela umaRlesi ganaTlebiT, magram Wirdeba Tavisi dargis kargi mcodne da profesionali adamianebi, maqsimaluri pasuxismgeblobiT - ganurCevlad profesiisa.

SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom ganaTlebis farglebSi komerciuli struqturis ganviTarebiT humanisturi funqcia ufro intensiurad ganviTardeba, radgan klasikuri variantis sabiujeto saswavleblebi saxelmwifos SekveTas asruleben, imyofebian ra sazogadoebrivi efeqtianobis moTxovnebsa da srulfasovani pirovnebis Camoyalibebis aucileblobas Soris, arasaxelmwifo saswavleblebi asruleben sazogadoebis SekveTas, axorcieleben ra mSoblebis uflebas da ganaTlebis damoukidebeli subieqtebis pedagogiur uflebas, xels uwyoben ra amiT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas. mTavaria, rom Cveni sazogadoeba ar gadaiqces inteligenciis erTian klasad, Torem momuSave aRaravin iqneba. Cvens qveyanaSi ki aseTi tendencia ikveTeba. Tumca, amis Taobaze sxva mosazrebebic arsebobs. 1971 wels SeerTebul StatebSi gamovida ivan ilihixis wigni `sazogadoeba, romelic uars ambobs ganaTlebaze~. avtorma wamoayena iniciativa gaeuqmebinaT savaldebulo swavleba, aekrZalaT samsaxurSi miRebisas ganaTlebis Sesaxeb dokumentebis miReba. misi azriT, skola ki ar ganaviTarebs bavSvs, aramed amzadebs detalebs sazogadoebrivi manqanisaTvis, Trgunavs pirovnebas. amiT daisva ganaTlebis reformaciisa da misi SezRudvis sakiTxi: ra aris ganaTlebis sistemaSi swori da ras unda Seuwyos xeli am sistemam industriulad ganviTarebuli sazogadoebisaTvis. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, unda gansazRvruliyo da mkveTrad gamijnuliyo ganaTlebis sistemis funqciebi. am sakiTxs mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobdnen iseTi mecnierebi, rogorebic arian sociologiis franguli skolisa da sociologiis, rogorc damoukidebeli mecnierebis, fuZemdebeli emil diurkgeimi, cnobili germaneli sociologi, istorikosi da ekonomisti maqs veberi, Hherbert spenseri. emil diurkgeimis azriT, ganaTlebis ZiriTadi funqciaa gabatonebuli kulturis RirebulebaTa gadacema. maqs veberis azriT ganaTlebis socialuri funqciebi dakavSirebulia ekonomikur, politikur procesebTan, romlebic sazogadoebaSi mocemul etapze xdeba.

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daskvna

1. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis perspeqtiuli modeli

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kvlevis bazad (obieqtad) gamoyenebuli iqna ZiriTadad iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, mizanSewonilia ganvsazRvroT misi ganviTarebis (gardaqmnis) perspeqtiuli modeli. SemoTavazebuli modelis misadageba, saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, SesaZlebelia mxolod Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisaTvis, sagangebo statusis miniWebis farglebSi, radgan analogiuri daSveba, saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi, ganxorcielda im umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic gamoirCevian erovnulobiTa da ganvlili istoriuli gziT. amis magaliTad SegviZlia moviyvanoT oqsfordis universiteti:

oqsfordis universiteti aris didi britaneTis erT-erTi uZvelesi, erovnuli universiteti (romelic daamTavra didi britaneTis ocdaorma premier-ministrma).

oqsfordis universiteti aris `TviTregulirebadi korporacia~243, romelic administraciulad eqvemdebareba mxolod parlaments.244

finansurad oqsfordis universiteti TiTqmis mTlianad damokidebulia saxelmwifo da kerZo Sewirulobebze, romelic Seadgens misi biujetis 2/3.

SesaZlebelia, dasaSvebad iqnas miCneuli, aseve, tartus universitetis magaliTi:

estoneTis respublikaSi miRebul iqna kanoni `tartus universitetis Sesaxeb~ imis safuZvelze, rom igi daarsebulia 1632 wels da ganixileba estoneTis erovnul universitetad. erovnulma tradiciebma gansazRvra mis mimarT gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi damokidebulebac.

tartus universiteti aris sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri da zemoaRniSnuli kanoni amtkicebs am universitetis avtonomias, saqmianobasa da specifikas sxva saxelmwifo universitetebTan SedarebiT.245

Tu davubrundebiT pirveli qarTuli universitetis 90-wlian tradiciebs, xazgasmiT imas, rom `ilia WavWavaZis ideaTa kvaldakval ivane javaxiSvilisa da mis TanamoazreTa mier 1918

243 inglisur-amerikul samarTalSi ar gamoiyeneba iuridiuli piris erTiani cneba da am organizaciuli warmonaqmnebis aRsaniSnavad ixmareba corporation. ix. l. Wanturia, gv.226 244 vebgverdi University of oxford; Catholic Encyclopedia: University of Oxford; vebgverdi QS TOPUNIVERSITES - University of Oxford; Большая Энциклопедия - Оксфордский университет 245 estoneTis respublika - kanoni `tartus universitetis Sesaxeb~. 1995 wlis 16 Tebervali. $1, $2 punqti 1, 3

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wels daarsebuli universiteti qarTveli eris nebisa da sulierebis umaRlesi gamoxatulebaa~.246 da Sesabamisad, Tvals gadavavlebT saqarTveloSi mimdinare socialur-politikur Tu ekonomikur procesebs, albaT marTebuli iqneboda, pirvel qarTul universitets SeenarCunebina saxelmwifo universitetis statusi, garkveuli cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. misaRebad mesaxeba Tsu-s, kvlavindeburad, ssip-is organizaciul-samarTlebrivi mowyobis forma (modernizebuli saxiT) da misi funqcionirebis meqanizmTan, kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piris uflebamosilebis speqtridan garkveuli komponentebis TanSerwyma, Sesabamisi samarTlis normebis reformirebis farglebSi. bunebrivia, upirvelesad unda ganisazRvros studentTa saerTo da aseve yovelwliurad misaRebi kontigentis raodenoba. Semdgom, dRis wesrigSi xazgasmiT gamokveTilad dadgeba umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis finansuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi, rac ukavSirdeba:

saxelmwifo biujetidan finansirebis zrdas (Tsu-s biujetSi saxelmwifo biujetidan Semosavali Seadgens mxolod 10-15 procents).

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis erovnuli tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gansakuTrebuli statusis miniWebis SemTxvevaSi, efeqturi iqneboda Tsu-s saxelmwifo biujetSi calke muxlad gamoyofa.

SesaZlebelia aseve, ganxilul iqnas sakiTxi umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis swavlis safasuris iseTi gansazRvrisa, rom dafinansebis zeda zRvari kanonmdeblobiT ar iyos SezRuduli grantis maqsimaluri odenobiT (bakalavriatis safexurze), rogorc es kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirTan dakavSirebiT xorcieldeba (ZiriTad Rirebulebasa da saswavlo grants Soris sxvaobis gadaxda). TumcaRa sakiTxis amgvarad dasmam, xeli ar unda SeuSalos maqsimaluri grantis odenobis gansazRvris perspeqtivas.

aseve, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisaTvis sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris statusis SenarCunebis pirobebSi, sasurveli iqneboda uZravi qonebis sakiTxi gamxdariyo msjelobis sagani, pirdapiri miyidvis formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb (rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sapatriarqosaTvis saxelmwifo qonebis pirdapiri miyidvis formiT privatizebis analogis mixedviT).

amasTan xazgasasmelia, rom sagangebo statusis miniWebis pirobebSi, SesaZlebelia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets mieces ufleba SeimuSaos sakuTari saganmanaTleblo standartebi, aRiWurvos farTo avtonomiiT da, rac mTavaria, gaCndes daSvebadoba (TumcaRa es sakiTxi saWiroebs seriozul damuSavebas), Caricxos abiturientebi sauniversiteto misaRebi

246 Tsu-s wesdeba. preambula

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gamocdebis safuZvelze da ara erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Sedegebis mixedviT.

2. kvlevis Sedegad SemoTavazebuli usd-s modeli

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saqarTveloSi moqmedi kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, warmodgenilni arian ZiriTadad (ufro zustad srulad) Sps-s organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formiT, TumcaRa xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom isini axorcieleben swavlebas da naklebad (faqtiurad saerTod ar axorcieleben) orientirebulebi arian kvlevaze.

xazgasasmelia is faqti, rom Cveni qveynis pirobebisaTvis, Sps usd-ebis mier dawesebuli masStaburi saswavlo safasurebi (rogoric aris aTasobiT lari) im SemTxvevaSia misaRebi, Tu swavlebisa da Sesabamisad saswavlo programebis xarisxi adekvaturad aris misadagebuli Rirebulebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Sps umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, rogorc Sps, saqarTvelos kanonis `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ Sesabamisad, orientirebulia mogebaze, Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kerZo samarTlis samewarmeo (komerciuli) iuridiuli piris, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis, mier sajaro samarTlebrivi funqciis Sesrulebas aqvs Tavisi standartebi, romelic srulad unda jdebodes Sesabamis konteqstSi (TumcaRa, avtorizaciis institutis SemoReba SesaZlebelia gaxdes ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis srulfasovani garanti).

amdenad, komerciuli usd-ebi ar unda ganvixiloT mxolod `warmatebuli biznesis~ formiT. sazogadod, saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli usd-ebis funqcionirebis realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, isini pasuxoben ZiriTadad saswavlo universitetis formats.

sayuradReboa, ramdenad misaRebi iqneboda ssip umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis arasamewarmeo (arakomerciul) iuridiul pirad gardaqmna im mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, razedac saqarTvelos samecniero-iuridiul wreebSi msjelobdnen da ganixilavdnen usd-ebis efeqturi funqcionirebis SesaZleblobas institucionaluri fondebis mxardaWeriT. raRa Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania fondebis, Tu donor-damfinanseblebis mxridan mxardaWeris mdgradobisa da sistematurobis sakiTxi (konkretulad, 2007 wels dafuZnebuli Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis `ganviTarebis fondi~ Sedegebis mixedviT nakleb efeqturi aRmoCnda).

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ganaTlebis ufleba saqarTvelos konstituciis 35-e muxliT garantirebuli piris socialuri uflebaa, rac saxelmwifos garkveul valdebulebebs akisrebs. moqalaqeebs ufleba aqvT ufasod miiRon (aseve) umaRlesi ganaTleba. saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos am valdebulebis realizaciis samarTlebrivi garantiebis Camoyalibeba. es SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva formiT da, maT Soris, saxelmwifo

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universitetis SeqmniT. umaRlesi dawesebulebis organizaciuli mowyobis kerZo-samarTlebrivi formis arCeva ar warmoadgens umaRlesi ganaTlebis konstituciuri uflebis realizaciis Semaferxebel garemoebas. saxelmwifos mier finansirebuli umaRlesi ganaTleba im moculobiT, rogorc es germaniis federaciul respublikaSia iSviaT gamonakliss warmoadgens. aRniSnuli sistema aris mudmivi kritikis sagani, ramdenadac saxelmwifos mier umaRlesi ganaTlebis dafinanseba iwvevs Semosavlebis araTanabar, arasamarTlian ganawilebas. saxelmwifo dafinansebis Sedegad studentebi eqcevian SeRavaTian pirobebSi gansxvavebiT sazogadoebis sxva fenebisagan. umaRlesi ganaTleba finansdeba gadasaxadebis gadamxdelebisagan, romelTa Semosavali gacilebiT naklebia dafinansebulTa (samomavlo) Semosavlisagan. rac niSnavs ,,Raribebis” mier ,,mdidrebis” subvencionirebas. finansebis aseTi ganawileba iwvevs iseT alokatiur Sedegs, rogoricaa studentTa raodenobis zrda. dafinansebis aRniSnuli modeli zrdis stimuls studentobaze. rogorc germaniis magaliTi aCvenebs, mcirdeba moTxovna studentebze da amis sapirispirod SeimCneva deficiti profesiuli ganaTlebis mqone kadrebze.247 aranakleb uaryofiT Sedegebs gamoiwvevda umaRlesi ganaTlebis kerZo dafinansebis formis aRiareba. miviRebdiT sawinaaRmdego efeqts - moTxovnis zrdas studentebze. saswavlo dawesebuleba orientirebuli iqneboda bazris moTxovnebze, rac SeuZlebels gaxdis grZelvadiani programebis Camoyalibebas. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom universiteti axorcielebs ara marto swavlebas, aramed mecnierul kvlevebs, fundamenturi kvlevebis ganxorcieleba dadgeboda safrTxis winaSe, ramdenadac gayidvadia mxolod gamoyenebiTi kvleva. aseve unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom saxelmwifo dafinansebis imedze myofi dargebi(mag., humanitaruli mecnierebaTa sferoSi) Tavisufal bazarze ver moipovebdnen dafinansebas. sabazro ekonomikaze orientirebuli kerZo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba aris idealuri tipi, romelic arsebuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT ararealizebadia. aucilebeli xdeba saxelmwifos monawileoba garkveuli formiT.

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT dawesebulebis arseboba, sadac saxelmwifo dafinanseba 25%-ze naklebia ar aris mizanSewonili. umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro samarTlebrivi funqciis aRiareba ar aris gamarTleba am funqciis ganxorcielebis organizaciuli mowyobis sajaro-samarTlebrivi formis arCevis. aRniSnuli funqciis maRal doneze Sesrulebis garantias ar qmnis umaRlesi dawesebulebis organizaciuli mowyobis forma, aramed marTvis iseTi instrumentebi, rogoricaa umaRlesi dawesebulebebis avtorizacia, akreditacia da maTi pirobebis dacvaze kontroli.

247 Woll, 339

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saxelmwifo universitetisa da kerZo universitetis sinTezad SeiZleba warmovidginoT arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piri universiteti (Zveli samarTlis normebis Seabamisad, saubaria fond-universitetze). modelis upiratesoba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom masSi Tavs iyris orive modelis dadebiTi elementebi.

saqarTveloSi unda Seiqmnas aseTi kerZo universiteti, romelic Rirsi iqneba ataros ,,universitetis” saxeli yvela parametris mixedviT. amisaTvis, rom man moipovos, metad aucilebeli kerZo seqtoris mxardaWera, is, samarTlebrivi konstruqciisa da profilis mixedviT, unda akmayofilebdes garkveul winapirobebs, kerZod, universitetis mowyobam unda uzrunvelyos misi damajerebeli da mkafio gamijvna saxelmwifosgan, anu is unda idges sajaro mmarTvelobis sistemis miRma. Aaseve unda gaizardos universitetis ekonomiuri aqtiuroba da uSualo mosargebleTa CarTva mis dafinansebaSi.

umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebuleba unda iyos ,,universitetis” im idealis erTguli, romelic Camoyalibebuli iqna humboldtis mier. es idealuri modeli gulisxmobs erTWerqveS gaerTianebul sazogadoebas, romlebic akademiuri damoukideblobis gaTvaliswinebiT, samecniero disciplinebis farTo speqtrSi (maT Soris iseTebi, romlebic ar aris gaTvlili bazris moTxovnebze) swavlobs da aswavlis. aseTi formis dawesebuleba gansxvavdeba `gamoSvebaze~ (,,output”-ze) orientirebuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis msgavsi momzadebisa da gadamzadebis centrebisgan. swored universitetis saerTo sazogadoebrivi ,,damatebiTi Rirebuleba” aris gamarTleba erTi mxriv kerZo iniciativis da meore mxriv, saxelmwifos dafinansebis moTxovnis.

namdvili (srulfasovani) universitetis Seqmna SeuZlebelia mxolod kerZo dafinansebis farglebSi. is saWiroebs saxelmwifos mxridan uzrunvelyofil ,,safuZvlebs”. am mxriv, mniSvnelovania arsebuli saxelmwifo resursebis gadasvla kerZo universitetis xelSi. aseve misi Semdgomi arsebobisaTvis saWiro milionebi SeuZlebelia mopovebuli iqnas mxolod kerZo seqtoridan. is, rom garkveuli drois Semdeg SesaZlebelia aseTi kapitalis dagroveba amas adasturebs, Tundac amerikuli universitetebis harvardisa da standfordis magaliTebi248.

SemoTavazebul modelSi organizaciuli mowyobis forma aris kerZo samarTlebrivi, romelic gaaTavisuflebs mas sajaro-samarTlis normebiT boWvisgan. universitetis farTo avtonomias uzrunvelyofs kerZo dafinansebis dominanturoba. amdenad, fondis universitetad gardaqmna ar amoiwureba mxolod formaluri

248

unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom maTi miliardiani biujeti mxolod me-20 saukunis 60-an wlebSi gaCnda. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mecenaturi saqmianobisaTvis aSS-Si ukeTesi pirobebia, vidre saqarTveloSi, es ar warmoadgens axlo momavlis perspeqtivas. aseve, ar unda gamogvrCes mxedvelobidan, amerikul samagaliTo universitetebi didwilad sajaro dafinansebas eyrdnobian, ase, rom sruli kerZo dafinanseba ar aris saWiro da arc aris realisturi.

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(organizaciuli) privatizaciiT, aramed gulisxmobs obieqtTan dakavSirebuli amocanebis materialur privatizacias.

aRniSnuli modelis funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebelia saqarTveloSi fondebis saqmianobis momwesrigebeli normebis reformireba, romelic SesaZlebels da mimzidvels gaxdis fondebis saqmianobas da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis dafinansebas.

organizaciuli mowyobis formis SerCevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom, erTis mxriv, garantirebul iqnas iuridiuli pirisa da misi organoebis avtonomia da kerZo samarTlis formis arCeviT adgili ar qondes ,,gaqcevas” sabiujeto samarTlidan kerZo samarTalSi da, meore mxriv, saxelmwifos gamarTlebuli da sabiujeto samarTlis principebiT gamyarebuli interesi - zegavlena moaxdinos iuridiul pirze, unda iqnas garantirebuli. rac mTavaria, organizaciuli mowyoba unda Seesabamebodes umaRlesi ganaTlebis funqciis ganxorcielebas, rac legitimurs gaxdis mis saxelmwifosagan aRiarebas da finansuri daxmarebis gawevas. samarTlebrivi formis SerCevisas dabalansebuli unda iqnas es ori nawilobriv urTierTsawinaaRmdego interesi.

kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirSi gavleniT sargebloben ZiriTadi kapitalis mesakuTreebi. kerZo universitetSi saxelmwifos, rogorc ZiriTadi kapitalis mniSvnelovani nawilis mesakuTris uflebebi unda SeizRudos iuridiuli piris wesdebiT da ,,universitetis wevrebma” (akademiuri, administraciuli, damxmare personali da studentoba) damatebiTi organos SeqmniT unda moipovon zegavlena. Tumca aucilebelia, imavdroulad SenarCunebul iqnas sazogadoebis gadamwyveti xma sazogadoebis miznebis, wesdebis da misi Semdgomi arsebobis bedis gansazRvraSi. fondi warmoadgens Semomwiravis mier grZelvadiani miznebisTvis Semowirul da konkretuli iuridiuli piris formiT arsebul qonebas (,,mkvdari xeli”)249. fondis miznebis gansazRvriT Semomwiravi axorcielebs sakuTar uflebamosilebas fondis saqmianobis farglebSi. amiT fondi xdeba saxelmwifos zegavlenisagan Tavisufali da fondis miznebis farglebSi avtonomiuri. meores mxriv SesaZlebelia sxva pirebis, rogoricaa fondiT mosargeble, Semomwiravi Tu sponsori monawileobiT fondis organizaciaSi Semotanili iqnas korporaciuli elementebi.

iuridiuli piris organizaciul mowyobaSi gamgeobasTan erTad debulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas fondis sabWo an kuratoriumi, romelSic Sevlen saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi institutebis warmomadgenlebi da mecenatebi. am organos amocana iqneba gamgeobisaTvis rCevebis micema, kontroli da wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva uflebamosilebebis, maT Soris gamgeobis SeqmnaSi monawileobis uflebis ganxorcieleba. kerZo damfinansebelTa warmomadgenlebi fondis sabWoSi SeiZleba SeirCes damfinansebelTa saerTo krebis mier, romelic

249 Battis, Grigoleit, p. 68

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imavdroulad Seasrulebs universitetis megobarTa da damfinansebelTa sazogadoebis funqcias.

Aaucilebeli universitet-korporaciis elementi Semotanili unda iqnas Semdegi damatebiTi organos SeqmniT, rogoricaa senati. masSi (umravlesobiT) unda Sevidnen akademiuri personalisa da studentTa warmomadgenlebi250. senatma monawileoba unda miiRos gamgeobis formirebaSi, rekomendaciebi gauwios am ukanasknels akademiur sferoSi Semavali gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom fakultetebi da maTi xelmZRvanelebi –dekanebi ar arian fondis organoebi, maTi organizaciuli mowyoba da kompetencia unda ganisazRvros wesdebiT, ufro metic, saswavlo da samecniero sferoSi maT mTeli rigi meti uflebamosileba unda mieniWoT fondis sxva organoebTan SedarebiT. bolos, mniSvnelovania Seiqmnas konfliqtis gadaWris Sida meqanizmebi, raTa avamaRloT universitetis avtonomia saxelmwifo kontrolTan SedarebiT.

rodesac fondis momwesrigebeli normebis reformirebaze vsaubrobT, aucilebelia xazi gaesvas im garemoebas, rom Tavdapirvelad (cvlilebebamde) saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 30-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Sesabamisad, fondi ganisazRvreboda rogorc `iuridiuli piri, roca erTi an ramdenime damfuZnebeli specialur qonebas saerTo-sazogado sasargeblo miznis misaRwevad sakuTrebad gadascems damoukidebel subieqts, romelsac ara hyavs wevrebi~.

zemoaRniSnul kodeqsSi, cvlilebebis Setanis Semdeg, amoRebulia fondis momwesrigebeli samarTlis specialuri normebi, warmodgenilia arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piri zogad konteqstSi, magram gansazRvrulia, rom `arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piri uflebamosilia Tavisi organizacia da struqtura moawesrigos wesdebiT, romelic saWiroebs sanotaro wesiT damowmebas~.251

iluzoruli iqneboda imis rwmena, rom saxelmwifo universitetebis gardaqmna kerZo universitetad, sakanonmdeblo aqtis safuZvelze erT dReSi ganxorcieldeba. is unda warmovidginoT, rogorc kargad dagegmili procesi, romelic etapobrivad SeZlebs saxelmwifo dafinansebis Secvlas kerZo dafinansebiT. gardamaval periodSi mniSvnelovania saxelmwifos roli. kerZo seqtoris mxridan finansuri monawileobis zrdiT unda Semcirdes saxelmwifos roli da es unda aisaxos fondis organoebSi saxelmwifos warmomadgenlobaSi. saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa xmebis wili dafinansebis cvlilebis paralelurad unda Seicvalos. gardamaval periodSi saxelmwifos unda qondes uflebamosileba SeaCeros fondis saqmianoba, Tu ki is gadauxvevs privatizaciis miznebs, an rodesac fondis Semosavlebi daecema winaswar dadgenili minimums qveviT, an

250 am SemTxvevaSi struqturuli mowyobis TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnul modelSi xdeba ssip usd-s komponentebis CarTva. sk ugS Tavi 4. 251 ssk – muxli 35, punqti 2

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rodesac sagrZnoblad Semcirdeba universitetSi misaRebi kontigenti.

umaRlesi ganaTlebis, rogorc sajaro funqciis dadgenili standartebis Sesabamisad ganxorcielebaze saxelmwifo kontrolis ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi mravalferovania: usd-ebis avtorizaciis, akreditaciis procesebi, erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis organizeba, saswavlo programebis gansazRvra, dafinanseba da a.S. amdenad saxelmwifo gansazRvravs konkretul amocanebs, axorcielebs masze kontrols, xolo am amocanebis farglebSi momsaxurebas axorcielebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba – kerZo universiteti.

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