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8/14/2019 AvivKvbi BwZnvmt AZxZ Ges eZgvb

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AvivKvbi BwZnvm : AZxZ Ges eZgvb1

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g~j:180 UvKv gv($ 4 USD)___________________________

Arakaner Eitihash : Autit O Bartaman (A History of Arakan :

Past & Present) Writen by: Dr. Mohammed Yunus,

Published by: World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY)

Eastern Province, Dammad, K.S.A.


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gvMvax, gvNx-gvMx,gM A_ev gvN| bZzb BsiwR AwfavbDj-L Ki h gM,

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wZxq Aavq

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KiwQj|


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fmvjx ivR (788-957)

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agvej^xì wZ wP enb Ki|


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fmvjx gy` vi Qvcv jvnQ- lu vo, bvw`, wkei cwZg~wZ, wk ei wj,

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AvivKvb Bmjvgi AvMgb


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Kvh vejx Avbì mv_ DcfvM KiZ| G mKj Aj Bmjvg AvMgb KiQ Kvb ivRb wZK mg_ b QvovB Ges G mKj `ki gvwUi mv_AvZxqZvi mKMo ZzjQj kZvw _K kZvw ch| ay gv myjZvb

gvngy` KZK fviZ AvgYi mgq Ges cvvZ wek m Ges wmUiga msNlnqwQj|

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ivgvf`x GjvKvq GKwU bZzb bMix (fmvjx) c wZv Kib| Aekl evBk


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ag cwieZ b Ges bZz b Awfevmbi dj cieZ x kZvwjvZ AvivKvb

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f~wgKv cvjb KiQ|

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Dvb iva Ag nqwQj|

AvivKvb gvMvav eì AvMgY

( Influx of magadah Buddhists into Arakan) t

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gvjxq AvgY

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nq hvq| wn y evì Aav b Ges gvjxq I wZeZxq- egxqì GKxf~Z

nIqvi ci _K Kejgv ywU Z mc`vq ivwnv I gvN-

GKAvivKvb kZvwi ci kZvw Aewa emevm KiZ _vK|

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ZZxq Aavq

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kvn Mo wdi Avmb| AvivKvb Gm Iqvjx Lvb Zvi KvUdvimx fvlvi


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fvi wdwiq `qvi KwZZ Zvi DciB eZvq|

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gnv hyM i njv|


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1430 _K 1530 mvj chGKkZ eQi ai 11 Rb kvmK chvqg

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1.

mvjvqgvb kvn& (bvivgBLjv)1430-1434

2. Avjx Lvb (gsLvix)1434-1459

3. Kvwjgv kvn& (ev k cy)1459-1482

4. gv_ykvn& (`jv)1482-1492

5. gvnvv` kvn& (ev k bv)1492-1493


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6. bvix kvn& (ivs AvDs)1493-1494

7. kL gv yj-vn kvn& (mvwjsMv_y)1494-1501

8. Bwj kvn& (gs ivRv)1501-1523

9. Bwjqvm kvn& (KvQvev`x)1523-1525

10.Rvjvj kvn& (gskv I)1525

11. Avjx kvn& (_vUvmv)1525-1531

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Ask Zvi AwaKvi wbqwQjb hwK Kvb KviY QvovB|

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KZ K ei Ask `Lj msv AvivKvb DcvLvbi h ee ZvZ GLbHwZnvwmK cgvYi NvUwZ cwijwZ nq|

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kvmbvgj ch Mo `Lj `vixZ i Aaxb wQj| PMvgi AwZ wbKU nvUnvRvixi GKwU gmwRì djKi jLv nZ Rvbvhvq h gmwR`wUmyjZvb ivKby wb evievK kvni kvmbvgj 1474 mvj ivmwZ Lvb KZKwbwgZ nqwQj|

AvivKvbDcvLvb A_ev AbKvb m~ i KvbUvB myjZvb evievK kvn& Ges

AvivKvbi ivRv evmyc (Kvwjg kvn) ga eix Pzw ev mKi cgvY w`Zcvi bv| myjZvb evievK kvn wQjb ei cv_wgK vaxb myjZvbì ga

AbZg gnvb weRqx GKRb kvmK| egyLx c wZfvi AwaKvix kwkvjx GkvmK Zvi c~eeZxkvmKì AwRZ GjvKvmg~ni Dci c~Ygvvq AvwacZwevi Ki iLwQjb| 1476 mvj myjZvb evievK kvni kvmbvgj mgv nq, Gici Zvi cy I DivwaKvix my jZvb kvgmy wb BDmyd kvn 1474_K 1481 mvj chkvmbKvhcwiPvjbv Kib|


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PM vgi Dci Zvi wbqY i c gvY gj Zvi kvmbvgj wbwgZ GKwU

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w`qwQj, hnZyZviv Zvì c~em~ixì Pq Zzjbvg~jK fve`~ej kvmK wQj| 1493 mvj my jZvb nvmvBb kvn ei wmsnvmb AvivnY Kib|1513 mvji c~ePM vg Rjv cyivcy wifve myjZvb mvBb kvniAaxb

wQj| wZwb ivRv avwYqv gvwbKv Zv i wbKU nZ PM vg Rei `Lj KiwQjb| wK myjZvb mvBb kvn PM vgK cy bivq `Lj KiviRb1514 mvj eviRb evvjx I Acivci mbì mg q MwVZ GKwU

kwkvjxevwnbx ciY Kib| cieZxeQi 1515 mvj myjZvb mvBb kvnKZK PM vg cyb Lj nq| myjZvb mvBb kvn& KZK PM vg `Lj msvmywbwZ cgvYvw` Avgiv cvB mgmvgwqK Kvji cZzMxR HwZnvwmKì wbKUnZ| RvqvI Qvj nv (Joao Coelho) Ges RvqI wmjfwiqvi PMvg

mdii mgq mLvbKvi Mfb i wQ jb GKRb gy mjgvb| ZrKvjxbAvivKvbxq HwZnvwmK w` evivm (De Barros) myfve wjLQb h m mgq (1517-18) AvivKvbi ivRv wQjv ei ivRvi wbqYvaxb| w` evivm KZ K AswKZ GKwU gvbwP PMvg, cve Z PM vg Ges DiAvivKvb wbq MwVZ GKwU we i GjvKvK e ivRi Ask wnme `Lvbv nqQ| 1517 mvj _K 1538 mvj ch PM vg c~Yv fve MoiwbqY vaxb wQjv| cviZc, PMv gi mvBb kvnx kvmKiv mviv Rjvi

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HwZnvwmK dvqixi (Phayre) Gi c vebv Aby hvqx 1482 mvj _K 1532

mvj chPMvg AvivKvb ivRvì Aaxb wQjGeeUv HwZnvwmK mZi


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Dci c wZwZ bq| GUv fveZ AhwK gb nq h, AvivKvbi ivRvì DwPZ Zvì wnZvKvsxì wei we vn Kiv| Zvì mg_b QvovAvivKvbxiv Zvì `k cybivii c KLbvB `L wb| c~e Ges `wYAvivKvbi ZLbKvi weivRgvb cwiw wZ Ggb wQjh, mLvb _K egxq Igvbiv mcwZ weZvwiZ nqwQj|

ReyK kvn (1531-1553)t

ReyK kvn& (wgb web)AvivKvb BwZnvm GKRb kwai kvmK wQjb| wZwb1531 mvj wmsnvmb AvivnY Kib Ges AvivKvb mvg vRi Mvov cb

K ib| BZvga AvivKvbxi v Zvì Bmjvgx wkvq DP wWM x wbqivRbwZKfvecwic nq| `y wU weivU NUbv hv ReyK kvnK Zvi ivRZm~ p I mcmvwiZ Kivi Rb cqvRb xq DcvI my hvM Gbw`qwQjv|

weLvZ m y Uv NUbv njv cZyMxRì AvMgb Ges e NU hvIqv Mnhy| ReyK kvni gvZvivnbi14 eQi c~eBcZyMxRiv(1517 mvj)AvivKvb eì cek KiwQjv| ReyK kvn gviK-BD bMixK DcmvMixqGKwU kwkvjx I myiwZ bMixZ icvwiZ KiwQjb| wZwbGi PvicvkcwiLv I `qvj wbgvY KiwQjb Ges gvS gvS Kvgvb vcb KiGwUK

myiwZ KiwQjb| `kx I we`kx mbìmg^q MwVZ GK`j mymwZeZbfvMx eRvwZ K mbevwnbx Zwi Kivi Rb wZwb mLvb mbv

KgKZ vì wbqvM w`qwQjb| wZwb Zvì mnvqZvq Zvi wbRi jvKej viv GKwU weivU beni Zwi KiwQjb| hviv wQj cwik gx bvweK GescZyMxR bevwnbxi `xvq my mwZ| Gfve ReyK kvn kwkvjx AvaywbK

A-k i wbqK nb| wZxq my hvMwU wQjv AvivKvb M n hy | 1538 mvji gvPgvm AvdMvbx kvmK ki kvn& wKQz mgqi Rb Mo `Lj Kib| wK GKB eQii Ry jvB gvm ev`kvn gvqbi bZZ gvNjiv

Mo cek Ki Ges AvdMvbiv ZLb wenvi wdi hvq| `wY c~eei


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ivRavbx PM vg ZLb `y BwU cwZx kvmKi ga mshvM vcbKvix vb wnme KvR Ki|wee `gvb G y BRb kvmK njb mvBb kvnx ivRZikl kvmK gvngy` kvn& Ges kikvni Rbvij I gvqybi gbvbxZ kvmKbvMvwRj| cwZx `j `ywU cwZiv ee vnxb `wY-c~eeK `Lj Kivi

Rb cii hy KiZ|

1538 mvji ivRbwZK cU cwieZb ei cwZ AvivKvb ivRvì AvbyMZI ezZ i cwimgvw NUvq| Zviv hei `LjKvix kikvn& I gvNj

mc mviYev`xì c wZ Kvb bwZK AvbyMZ I Avcvl gbvfve cvlY Kiwb| gy jZt Zviv Zvì fvKvwL wQjv bv| PM vg `Lji Rb AK v`j wj wewfb `jjvi ye jZvi my hvM AvivKvbx ivRv Rey K kvnDivji w`K avweZ nb Ges 1540 mvjPMvgmn c~ee `Lj Kib|

ReyK kvn KZK PM vg `Lji ci PM vgi cvVvbMfY i wcyivìevicvwjq hvq| ivRgvjv (Rajmala) AvgvìK G Z_ `q h, PMvgicvVvb cavb Zvi mnmvwaK mb wbq wcyivq Avkq MnY Kib| divixGcvVvb cavbAvivKvbì nvZ _K PMvgKRq Kivi Rb wcyivi ivRv

weRqgvwbKvi nc Kvgbv Ki GesZv gyi nq|

1546 mvj evg vi Uzs ivReski ivRv Zvweb kfwZ (Tabin Shwehti)Vvv AvenvIqvi ga AvivKvb AvgY Kib| Zvweb kfwZi AbKjvhyZix cwg DcK~ j asmc v nqwQj| hvBnvK, Zvi mKj j evwnbxcQvjv, wK ivnvs (ivDK BD) bMixwU wQj LyeB myiwZ, GiPvicvkRvqvi-fvUvi cvwbZ fwZMfxi cwiLv wQj| Ges Zv `Lji GKgv myhvM

wQj Zvi cvPxi jvi Ae v wQj RxY `kv| Rey K kvn& Zvi mwVK Ae vb


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_KB Zvi c wZivi ee v wbqwQjb| ivnvs `Lj e_nqZvwebkfwZ (Tabin Shwehti) evox wdi hvq|

ReyK kvn& hLb nvbv`vi evgv ivRvi mv_Gfve wj wQjb, ZLb 1546-1547 mvj wcyiv ivRv weRq gvwYKv PMvg nvbv `q GesZv `Lj Ki|

ivRvgvjv (Rajmala) Dj-L Ki h,ivRv wbRB Awfhvb ynvRvi mbibZZ `b| PM vgi wbe vwmZ cvVvbcavb Zvi GK nvRvi cvVvb mb INvovi Mvox (KviR) mn wcy iv mbvcavbi bZZ AMmigvbmbvevwnbxi Aby miY Ki| mwwjZ Awfhvb mdj nj Ges cvVvb cavbcybivq Zvi Ae vb wdi cj|

AvivKvb DcvLvb jveY bv Ki h Rey K kvn& Zvi nvivbv Ae vb aycybiviB Kib wbeis 1553 mvj Zvi gZ chZv AzYAe vq aiiLwQjb| wK AvivKvb DcvLvbi G fvlwVK bqej gb nQ hnZzG `vex mZvqbi Rb wcy iv DcvLvb A_ev e BwZnvm mnvqK Kvb

`wjj ev cgvY bB| cKZc, 1546 mvj _K PMvg cvVvb MfYiiAax bB wQj| cieZxZZvAveviv wYKi Rb wcy iv kvmbvaxb hvq|wK ei MfYi gvnv` Lvb my i ivRKxq kvgm Avj xb AveyAvjgvRvd& di gvnvv`Dcvax aviY Ki PM vgi vaxbZvi NvlYv

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Rey K kvn& hwÌ GKRb gy mjgvb ag vej^x wQjb, ZeyI wZwb iKgvwiDcv`vbK GKwU wbw AvKwZZ ic`vb KiZ cviZb| AvivKvbK wZwb mvjZvbvZ icv i KiwQjb| Mo I w`j- xi gZ Ki wZwb Zvi ìevi mvwRq wQjb| Zvi ìeviwQj- bcyskK, Aìgnj, xZ`vm GesRj- v`| mLvbag, wPv- PZbv, ms wZmn mKj gwjK AwaKvii c~Yv

vaxbZv wQj| ReyK kvn& gviK-BD (Marak-u) bMixK gmwR`, cvMvWv


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Ges wZ ma viv my mwZ KiwQjb| mjv bv wQj B`v-Bmjvgx,Avi bv wQj fviZxq| mjv wQjv GKwU wbw AvK wZi hv gymwjg exqhyMi evvjx gymwjg vcZ wnme cwiwPZ wQj| ReyK kvn& 1553 mvjgZy eiY Kib| Zvi gZyi ci w`v (Dikka) bvgKGK mvaviY jvKi Ackvmbi ga w`q gv yeQi ci Zvi ivRZi Aemvb NU| Rei`LjKvix ewK gb nq GKRb e gN, hnZz m Kvb gymjgvb bvgaviY Kiwb|

e myjZvb KZK AvivKvbi wZxq weRq

evsjvi myjZvb kvgmywb AveygvRvd&di gvnvv` kvn 1554 mvj PMvg weRqi ci Zvi mbv KgKZ vì GKB eQi AvivKvbi `wY Ajcybivq AMmi nIqvi Rb wb k `b| ivRvi wb ki AvbyMZ icmbv

KgKZviv AvivKvbweRq wbkvb eq wbq Avmb Ges AvivKvb ivRvìKe vsjvi myjZvbi wbKU Zvi ekZv xKvi KiZ eva Kib| AvivKvbi Dci weRq wZK wPi iYxq Ki ivLZ kvgmy wb Avey gvRvd&digvnvv` kvn& 962 wnRixZ (1554-1555) AvivKvb AwZ AvKlYxq avZe

gy v c Pjbi wb k `b| wZwb GKRb cvVvb MfY iK AvivKvb wbqvMw`qwQjb wKbv, A_iv wZwb AvivKvbxq miKvi iZc~Y iè`j GbwQjb wKbv, A_ev AvivKvb ivRv GKRb AbyMZ `vm wnme Zvi ekZv xKviKivq wZwb mvaviYfve cwiZz nqwQjb wKbv Zv Rvbv hvq bv|weqKi

fve myjZvb gvnvv` kvn KZK AvivKvb weRqi NUbv AvivKvbDcvLvb m~Yfve Dcv Kiv nqQ|

myjZvb gvnvv` kvni Dim~ix wMqvmy wb evnv y i kvn& (1555-60) ZviwbR bvgB AvivKvb avZe gy vi cPjb Kib| GUv cgvY Ki h, AvivKvb1560 mvj chevvjx myjZvbì KVvi wbqY wQj| AvivKvb DcvLvb


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Aby hvqx Aviv yRb ivRv- m njv (Saw Hla) (1555-1556) Ges wgbmK (Min Sekkya) (1564-1571) AvivKvbi wmsnvmb AvivnYKib|

gb nq Zviv wQjbmvaviY e gM, hnZz Zviv Kvb gymjgvb bvg aviYKib wb| hw` AvivKvb DcvLvbi fvl mZ nq Zvnj ivRv m njv (SawHla) Ges wgb mK (Min Sekkya) DfqB AekB evsjvi myjZvbi

AbyMZ ivRv nq _vKeb| wK evnv y i kvni gZy i ci cvVvb kvmKMY AvivKvb Zvì kvmb gZv KZw`b ai ivLZ ciwQjb Zv GLbIA iqMQ|

wmKv`vi kvn (1571-1593)

`y hy Mi AwaK mgq ai Rei `LjKvixMY KZ K Ackvmbi AevnwZici, ReyK kvni hvM cy myjZvb wmKv`vi kvn& (wgb cvjvs) 1571 mvj

wmsnvmb AvivnY Kib| m mgq Di AvivKvbi mxgveZxPMvg RjvcvVvbì Aaxb wQj Ges mLvb Zvì KZZ 1580 mvj ch vwqZ

wQj| H eQi wcyivi ivRv Agi gvwbKv (Amar Manikya) cvVvb ixmbvìK PMvg civf~Z Kib Ges ci PMvg `Lj Kib| m mgqici _KB PMvg wcyiv ivRv I wmKv`vi kvni ga mshvM vcbiK

we yZ cwiYZ nq| wmKv`vi kvn 1582 mvji w`K P~ovfve PMvg RqKib | H eQii c~e AvivKvb ivRvi c PMvg `Lj Kiv meci wQjbv,KviY ZvK ZLb evgvi ivRv evBb bvDs (Bayin Naung) Gi mKj AvMvmxKkji wei cwZiva KiZ nZv| ivRv evBb bvDs wQjb ivRv Zvweb

kfwU (Tabin Shwehti) Gi Dim~ ix, whwb BZvc~e AvivKvb `LjKiZ wMq e_nqwQjb| ivRv evBb bvDs hLb AvivKvb `Lji DkAwfhvb ciY KiwQjb, wVK mmgq Zvi AcZvwkZ gZz c~eAvivKvbi


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ivRvK AwaK gvvq w w`qwQj Ges Zvi kwK PM vgi w`K Nywiq w`Z ZvK mg Ki Zz jwQj| Zvici AvivKvb wcy ivì AwaKvi Pj hvq| f~-L mwK Z DPwfjvm eZxZ wee`gvb ywU kvmKMvx i ga eix mKweivR Kivi Aviv GKwU KviY wQj| Zvnjv wcyiv i ivRvAvivKvbiivgyI QvKvwiqv c `ki MfY i Av`g kvnK Avk q w`qwQj|Gi cwiYvg m AvivKvb ivRvi ivlvb j coj Ges kvw nZ wb vicvIqvi Rb Zvi wbavwiZ GjvKv _K m cvwjq Mj| wmKv`vi kvn ay

PMvg `LjB Kib wb eis wZwb Zvì ivRavbxi kvmb fvi bv cvIqv chcjvqbiZ wcyivìcvveYKiQb Lye Rvimvi| Ghyi mePq

Zvrchc~Ydjvdj wQj hGwUPMvgi Dci AvwacZ we viK K Ki AvivKvbx I wcy ivì ga `xN vqx cwZ wZvi m~ cvZ NwUqwQj|AvivKvbxiv cveZ Ajmn mgPM vgi KZZ ARb KiwQj Ges cvqGKkZ eQi Zviv Zvì KZZ ai iLwQj, cv i wcy iviv vqxfve

PMvgiKZZ nvwiqwQj|

PM vg Zvì `Lj Avmvi ci AvivKvbx iv GLb gvNjìK mivmwimZKevYx wbq `qvi K_v fveQ, hnZz gvNj mg vU fveQ h, PMvg_vKe Zvi AvBbMZ AwaKvi| weivRgvb ivRbwZK NUbvmg~ni AvjvK

wmKv`vi kvnK cZyMxRì mnvqZvjvfi Dk Zvì cwZ bgbxq fvecKvk Kib| wZwb cZyMxRìK Zvi ivRi mv_ eemv cwiPvjbv Kivi

Rb AevwiZ my hvM my weav w`qwQjb, wK cieZx Z AvivKvb miKvii

AhvwPZ nc IAmRbg~jK AvPiYi KviY Zvì gaKvi we`gvbmK i Uvbv cvob `Lv `q| cZz MxR nZvKvix RbK GvbUvwbI ` mDRv Mvw`bnv (Anto de souza Godinha) AvivKvb ivRvi wei A aib Ges Rv i c~eK PMvg ~M `Lj Kib 1590 mvji w`K| wKcieZxZ welqwU Avcvl gxgvsmvi gvag mgvavbnq hvq|


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mwjg kvn (1593-1612)

wmKv`vi kvni ci Zvi cy mwjg kvn (wgb ivRv MvB) 1593 mvj wmsnvmb AvivnY Kib| Zvi kvmbvgj AvivKvbZ vi k Zi Pzov wkLi AvivnY KiwQj, Zvi kvmbvgj A wKQz mgqi Rb AvivKvbmvg vR XvKv Ges my ìeb _K i Ki gjwgqvb chewcqwQj|

ewaZ Aj wQj nvRvi gvBj `NiI153 _K 20 gvBj Mfxi ch wexY DcK~ jxq GjvKv| mwjg kvn KZK G wekvj ivR c wZv Kiv me nqwQj KVvi wek Rbxb mbv evwnbx I bevwnbxi Kg `Zvi dj, h evwnbx cv_wgK fve my jZvb Rey K kvn MVb Ki wMqwQj| Ges evwYRAwaKvi wdwiq `qvi gvag Zvi mbvevwnbxi evBi cZzMxRìKI Zvic hy KiZ Drmvn c`vbKiv KiwQj|wK cZyMxRiv Zvì ewv_

PwiZv_ Kivi RbB hy ei nqwQj| hLbB Zvì AvbyMZ cixvimyLxb nqQ, ZLbB Zviv cZviYvicgvY w`qQ|

Zviv wQj g~ jZt `yavi Zjvqvii gZ| Gfve hLb ivnvs-G K xqmiKvi kwkvjx wQj ZLbB Kej cZzMxRìK kvmbi ga Ave KiivLv hZ| mwjg kvni kvmbvgjB AvivKvbi BwZnvm c_g Ges GKgv

kvmbKvj hLb AvivKvbxiv egxqìK ayweZvwoZB Kib wb,eis ZvìivRK AvivKvbi Af~ KiQb|

evBb bvDs Gi gZzi ci AvivKvbi c~evj egxqì gwKnvm cvq| Zvicy bv`v evBb (1581-1599) AvivKvbi wei Awfhvb cyb Avnevb

KiZ eva nqwQjb, hnZz Ni Ni we vn i nqwQj| cieZxZ


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ivRvi c_g PvPvZv fvB Us (Toungoo) Gi ivRcy evgvq GKwUmwwjZ AvgY Ges jybi Avnvb Rvwbq AvivKvb ivRvi wbKU GKwU c wjLwQj| AvivKvbxqiv GKwU evwnbx cvwVqwQj hv wmwiqvg `Lj KiwQjGes Zviv Uysì mnvqZvq 1599 mvj c wNi wbqwQj|bMievmx Ges

KgKZv- KgPvix mevB cvwjq wMqwQj| ivRv Ges Zvi wek cyfvjvAvPiYi c wZvq AvZmgcY KiwQj, wK ZvìK nZv Kiv nqwQj|Rei `Lji gvag c v wmwiqvg I gjwgqvb Zvi `xNDcK~ j mxgvbvi mv_ mshy Kiv nqwQj| G Awfhvb mdj nqwQj mwjg kvniDrKbevwnbx Ges Zvi cZzMxR c Rvì Zt~Z Ask M nYi gva g| G

jybi gvag bv`v evBbi Kbv I GKwU mv`v nvZx wQwbq Avbv nqwQj|mdj c Awfhvbi ci, AvivKvb ivRv KZK wdwjc ` weUv bvgi GKcZyMxR mwbKK mvBwiqvgi MfYi wbqvM `qv nqwQj|

Di-cwgvj gvNjiv axi axi Zvì AvwacZ we vi KiwQj GesZvì gZvi c`kbx mKji PvL covi gZv Ae v nqwQj| mBcwiw wZZ cZyMxRiv ewk myhvM myweav nvwZq wbqwQj Ges Zviv AvivKvb

ivRvK evcK fvMvw w`qwQj| AvivKvb Ges cZzMxRì gaKviezZc~Y mK gyn~ Zi gaB eix nq Mj| 1602 mvj ejLvi ivRvi wbKU _K cZzMxRiv m`xc `Lj Ki wbqwQj| mxc weRq AvivKvbiivRvi wbKU Zvi ivRi wbivcvi Rb wec` msKZeq wbq GmwQj| G_K cwivYi Rb AvivKvbi ivRv c qvRbxq c`c wbqwQjb|

c_gZt wZ wb w`qvs _K cZzMxRìK weZvwoZ KiwQjb Ges 1603m vj cy bivq mxc `Lj KiwQjb| evav wech q mI cZyMxRìKWvKvwZ, jyUZivRg~jK KgKv nZ cwZiva Kiv hvqwb| yci gaKvieix mK ewkw`b vqx wQj bv| wee`gvb ywU `jiga GKwU mgSvZvPzw evevwqZ nqwQj| AvivKvbxq ivRv cZzMxRìK Zvi ivR Ae vbKivi AbygwZ w`qwQjb| mxcK Zvì wbKU cybivq wdwiq w`qwQjb| mgSvZvi cieZxkvwc~Y KqKwU eQi cZyMxR ìK Zvì wfw my p

Kivi Rb ch v mgq myhvM Gb w`qwQj| Zviv ivRi wewfb GjvKvq


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k fvevcb AvKwK AvgY PvwjqwQj| Zvì AcKgAwZ nqAvivKvbi ivRv Zvì wfwK asm Ki `qvi p wmvwbjb| wmvAby hvqx 1607 mvj Zvi ivR emevmiZ cZz MxR Awaevmxì DciMYnZv Pvjvbvi wb k w`jb wZwb| Zvi mB wb k AZbksmfve

evevwq Z nqwQj| cvq QqkZ cZzMxR G bxie MYnZvq Zvì cvYnvwiqwQj| wKQz msLK jvK eb cvwjq Mj,Abiv Zvì bKvq wMqAvkq wbjv Ges wKQz jvK mgy` cvwow`q Ab Pj wMqwQj hvì gamxevmUv MvbRvjRI wQjb|

G mgq mxci kvmK wQjb gvby qj ` gvUvm (Manu el de Mattos)bvgi GK cZyM xR| 1607 m vj gvUvmi gZz Zvi GK Aaxb KgKZvdZn LvbK mB xc GKwU vaxb gymwjg z ivRi bgybv ev evqbimy hvM Ki `q| mxevmUv MvbRvjm dZn Lvbi KvQ _K mxcwQwbq bqvi Rb ejLi ivRvi mv_ GKUv mgSvZv Pzw evevqb Kib|1609 mvj cZzMxRiv cybivq mxc `Lj Kib|

mxc cZzMxRì cwZvAvivKvb ivRvi Rb wec` msKZ eq GbwQj|cZzMxRi mgmv AgxgvswmZ iLB mwjg kvn 1612 mvj gZz eiY

Kib| AvivKvbi BwZnvm mwjg kvni kvmbvgj GKwU hyMvKvixkvmbvgj wnme cwZv jvf KiwQj| hwÌ ReyK kvn ivDK-BD bMixi

mdjZvi eywbqv` cwZv KiwQjb, wK Pwj-k eQi ci Zvi mv_K Dim~ixmwjg kvn HUvK c~Yvicm~ p KiwQjbej ge Kiv hvq|

mvBb kvn (1612-1622)


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mwjg kvni ciZvi Rcy mvBb kvn (wgb LvgvDs) wmsnvmb AvivnYK ib| ei Dci gvNj wbqY cwZv mvBb kvn Ges mxci ivRvMvbRvjm Dfqi KvQB GKwU mvaviY wec` wnme weewPZ nZv| GLb

Zviv DfqB gvNjì wec GK AciK mnvqZv Kivi Rb wPv fvebvKiQ| KviY gvNjiv PM vgmn `wY eK Zvì KVvi kvmbiAaxb gb KiZv| gvNj my e`vi Bmjvg Lvb KZ K fy jyqv (bvqvLvjx) weRqBKvhZt AvivKvbi kvmb ee vq mivmwi hvMvhvM Gbw`qQ| mvBb kvnLy e Z MvbR vjmi mv_ Zvi hveZxq SMov- weev` wgwUq dj Ges1614 mvji wWmî gvmi ii w`K Zvi mv_ mwwjZfve j I mgy`

c_ fyjyqvi Dci AvgY Pvjvq| mvBb kvn& cZyMxR mbvevwnbx mv_ wbq700 hy nvZxmn wekvj GK mbveni wbq PMvg nZ myL AMmi nb|Aci w`K Zvi bevwnbx MvbRvjmibevwnbxi mv_ hy nq cvwb c_mvgb AMmi nq|

fyjyqvi gvNj nvbv`vi Avyj Iqvwn` `Ljb h nvbv`vi evwnbxK cwZivaKiv meci bq, KvRB wZwb WvKvwZqv b`x IgvQv I Lvj nq Di w`Kcv`cmiY Kijb hvZ wekvj cZzMxR-AvivKvbxq beni ZvK aiZ bvcvi| G my hvM Zviv mLvb GKwU AiwZ GjvKv cq fyjy qv I b`xi

ycvk i AjjvZ evcKjy UZivR Pvjvjv GgbwK kl ch ZvivWvKvwZqv b`x chAMmi njv| GKUv ch vq Gm wg kwjvi gafvY `Lv w`j, hLb MvbRvjm evwnbx Zvì mb`jK wdwiq bqvi

wmv wbjv| AvivKvbi ivRvcZzMxR GvWwgiv ji fvBcv AvUvwbI Kvifvjnvmn cZzMxRi KgKZ vìK AvUK Kij| cieZx Z Gi cvv Reve wnme Zviv (cZzMxRiv) AvivKvb iYZixi GvWwgivjmn AbvbKgKZ vìK wNi djj Ges iYZixi mKj gvj-m` Ges hyv jyUKi wbq Ges AvivKvb ivRvK gvNjì mvgb GKvKx dj iL Zmxc wdi Mj| Avyj Iqvwn` G cwiw wZ _K myhvM MnY KiZ e_nbwb| hvB nvK wZwb Aviv ewk Rbej I kw-mvg_jvf Kijb| wZwb

WvKvwZqv b`x cvi nq Gm AvivKvb ivRvi Dci GKwU cvv AvgY


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cwiPvjbv Kijb Ges ZvK gvNj cvveYKvixmbvì nvZ Zvi weivUmsLK mb Ges hy-nvZxdj iL dbx b`x w`q Z cjvqb KivZeva Kijb|

mxc weRq cZzMxR kvmb gZvi mev P AR b wnme weewPZnq|cZzMxRiv GLb PMvg I cmn evcmvMii mgM c~eDcK~ j weRqi

wP vfvebv KiQ Zvì KvRi AMMwZ weePbv Ki| fy jyqv Awfhvb MvbRvjm KZK cZvwiZ nq AvivKvbxq ivRv Zvì wfw ev Ae vbK

asm Ki `qvi wmv wbjb| Aci w`K wdwjc ` we Uv mvBivg wbRK vaxb wnme NvlYv `q| 1615 mvji ii w`K AvivKvbiv mxc Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Ki| MvbRvjm Zvi kvmb cwiPvjbvi RbZLb wbRK wec` msKzj Ges Lye Amnvq Ae vi ga `LZ cvq Ges mZLb mnvqZvi Rb Mvqvq Pj hvq| MvbRvjmi mvnvhi Ave`b MnxZnqwQj; Ges ZvK mnvqZv `vbi Rb Mvqvi fvBmiq Wvg dvbwmmKv ` wgbvRm ivfvi (Dom Francisco de Menaz es Rovo) bZZ AvivKvb GKwU iYRvnvR c iY Kib| Zviv 1615 mvji 3iv AveiAvivKvb cQvb| GiB gvS AvivKvbi ivRv WvP (Dutch) ì mv_ GKUvRvU Zix Kib| WvPiv wQj evwYR cZzMxì cavb c wZhvMx| 15

Avei AvivKvb Ges WvPì mg^q MwVZ h_ evwnbx cZz MxR Awfhvxevwnbxi Dci AvgY Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Ki| Zzgy j bhy i ga w`q yciB evcK q-wZ mvwaZ nq Ges cwikl cZyMxRiv civRq eiY

Ki| MvbRvjm mxc nZ cZveZ b Kib, KviY wZwb mLvb Zviwb k cvjb Kivi Rb KvDK Luy R cvbwb| Zvi nZ wenej Abymvixiv wbRì gaSMov- weev` evwaq w`j Ges AvivKvbxqìK xcwU `LjKivi AbygwZ w`jv| 1615 mvj AvivKvb KZK mxc `LjcZzMxRì mAj GKwU mvgyw K I agxq ivR cwZvi cK ZQbQ Ki w`qwQj|


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c~e cv mvBwiqvg Ges c evgvi ivRv AvbvDcUjvbi (Anaupetlun) KvQ niwQj| wK c~ e mxgv wQqvgi mv_ evgvi ivRvi Pz wi djmvBb kvn wKQz mgqiRb ^wcqwQj| mxc `Lj Kiv nqwQjGesevgx R I cZz MxR DfqB Zvì gwK c Zvnvi Ki wbqwQj| G mKj KviYB AvivKvbi ivRv bZz b Ki fyjy qvi Dci Zvi AvgY cwiPvjbvKiwQj| c~eeZx NUbv Aby hvqx mmgqI gvNj _vbv`vi Avy j Iqvwn` WvKvwZqv b`xi wbKU AwaK myweavRbK Ae vb _K cZveZ b Kivic qvRbxqZv Lu yR cqwQjb| hvBnvK, Zv i cy wgR v b~i Avj-xb

AvivKvbx mbìK du v` djvi Rb GKUv cwiKbv KiwQjb| wZwb

Dj-LhvM msLK Ak vivnx mb wbq WvKvwZqv b`xi wbKUGKwURjvf~ wgi wecixZ Mvcb IZ cZ Ae vb wbqwQjb| AvivKvb ivRvhLb mB vbwU AwZg Kij wVK ZLbB b~i Avj-xb AKvr Zvi DciAk vivnx Awfhvb Pvjvjb| Avy j IqvwnÌ Ab w`K _K Gm ZvK AvgY Kij| k KZ K Pviw`K _K NivI nq AvivKvbx mbivnZwene j nq coj| weciAvgY c wZiva KiZ wMq Zviv Wvev-bvjvq wbw njv| Zvì mbevwnbxi GKUv weivU Ask wbnZ nqwQj|

wKQz mb cvwjq hZ mg nqwQj| wK ivRv wbR Zvi fvBcv Geshy-nvZxmn Kv`v gvwUZ AvUK cowQjb| Pig msKUvcb gyn~ZwZwb Zvi mKj KgKZ v, Zvi fvBcv mn mKj Rbej, hy nvZx Ges Abvb hyDcKiYvw` mgcY Kivi c ve w`q kvw cv_bv Kijb| ay^ xq cvY IewMZ vaxbZv iv Ki ZvK wdwiq `qvi Aby iva Rvbvjb| AvyjIqvwn` Zvi G Ave`b M nY Kijb Ges wZwb ay gv AvivKvb ivRvKGKvKxPMvg wdi hvevi AbygwZ w`jb|

1616 mvji deqvix gvmgvNj mye`vi Kvwkg Lvb PMvg nZ AvivKvb ivRvK weZvwoZ Ki H vb `Lj Kivi Rb Avy j bvex Gi bZZmLvb GKwU Awfhvb cvVvjb | mxZvKzi wbKU LvUMvi gvNj mbì

AMMwZ _vwg q `qv nqwQj| AvivKvbi ivRv LvUMvi GKwU mb NuvwU

vcb KiwQj Ges c vq 1000 iYZix viv mUvK my mwZ KiwQj|


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Avyj bvex cv_wgK fve cP AvNvZ nb mB ~MwU `Lj Kivi c`cwbqwQjb| wK wZwb mB c`c e_ nq ~MwUK Pviw`K _K Aeiva Ki ivLjb| `xNw`b ai Aeiva Pjvi dj mLvb Lv`mieivni msKU `Lv w`j Ges Gi dj gvNjMY1616 mvji g gvmi ga Aeiva Zzj bqvi c qvRb eva Kiib Ges Zviv fyjy qvq wdiMjb|

1616 mvj PMvg e_gvNj Awfhvb mvBb kvni cvwK bxwZK Aviv

my msnZ KiwQj| wZwb cve Z GjvKv _K i Ki mgy DcK~ j chPMvgi Di GjvKvjvK Rbk~b KiwQjbGes mme GjvKvq ebf~wgMo ZzjwQjb, hvZ gvNjì m ve AvgY cvK wZK fveB cwZiva

Kiv hvq| mxc `Lji ci cZ yMxRiv AvZmY KiZ eva nqwQj| mvBb kvn& ZLb ZvìK wewfb PvKz ixZ wbqvM w`jb| gvNj mgy Awfhvbi wei cZzMxRì Iqv`vKZ mnvqZvi wewbgq ic ZvìRb eì bMix w`qvs K eiv `qv nqwQj| Gi myev ` cZyMxRiv w`qvs eìK Zvì cavb Avevm j Ges mgy WvKvwZi K we yZ cwiYZKiwQj|

mvBb kvn& AvivKvbi GKRb k I mePq mdj kvmK wnme wbRKc gvwYZ KiwQjb| wZwb Zvi ivRi mKj we vn `gb KiwQjb|

cZyMxRì gZvK cyKi w`qwQjb| wek weRZv gvNj mbìK wZwb civwRZ KiwQjb Gesegxq ì AvM vmx Pv K wZwb ZQbQ Kiw`qwQjb|


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wZxq mwjg kvn& (1622-1638)

1622 mvj mvBb kvni ci Zvi cy wZxq mwjg kvn& DivwaKvix

wnme kvmb gZvq Avmb | AvivKvbi wmsnvmbi Dci _K cZyMxRgwK ch vqg n vm cZ _vK Ges wZxq mwjg kvn& AvivKvbxqì wei cZzMxRì WvKvwZ Kg Kvi c wZ bRi bv w`q eis ZvìKgvNjì wec ee nvi Kivi Rb Zvi m` wnme gb Kib|

hvBnvK, wZxq mwjg kvn& gvNj ivRcy kvnRvnvbi w bKU GKRb ivR ~Z c iY Kib| kvnRvnvb 1624 mvj wKQz mgqi RbXvKvq

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