Aviation Medicine Seminar Series
Transcript of Aviation Medicine Seminar Series
![Page 1: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
�
Aviation Medicine SeminarSeries
Aviation Medicine SeminarSeries
Bruce R. Gilbert, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Clinical Professor of Urology•Weill Cornell Medical College
•Stony Brook University Medical College
•Head, Section of Male Reproduction•North Shore University Hospital
•Aviation Medical Examiner (AME)
![Page 2: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
�
Aviation Medicine Seminar SeriesAviation Medicine Seminar Series
• (1) How to Ace the Medical Exam• December 13, 2003
• AME training
• How to find a Medical Examiner
• What the exam involves
• The 15 disqualifying conditions…
![Page 3: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
�
Aviation Medicine Seminar SeriesAviation Medicine Seminar Series
• (2) Spatial Disorientation-January 10, 2004• Vestibular based disorientation: What it is,
How to deal with it• Vision based disorientation: What it is, How
to deal with it
![Page 4: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
�
Aviation Medicine Seminar SeriesAviation Medicine Seminar Series
• (3) Common Aeromedical Problems-• February 14, 2004
• Motion Sickness• Hyperventilation• Hypoxia• Carbon Monoxide• Trapped gas
![Page 5: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
�
Aviation Medicine Seminar SeriesAviation Medicine Seminar Series
• (4) Advanced TopicsMarch 13, 2004
• Self imposed stress• Hypoxia/Oxygen use and abuse• Altitude induced decompression sickness• Trapped gas• Cabin pressurization
![Page 6: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
�
![Page 7: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
�IntroductionSelf Imposed Stress
• Definition of Stress• Stress is the sum of biological reactions to any
adverse stimulus - be it physical, mental, emotional,internal or external - that tend to disturb the“Body’s Natural Balance”
• Although difficult to determine the fulleffect of stress on the pilot, it is importantto be aware of the stresses we can control
![Page 8: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
�Introduction
Self imposed stresses have adverseeffects on pilots and therefore can affectthe safety of flight
Each stress can deteriorate your pilotingskills and these stresses are cumulative
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 9: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
�Self Imposed Stresses
• Alcohol consumption
• Self medication
• Drug use
• Tobacco use
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 10: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
�Self Imposed Stresses
• Inadequate diet and nutrition
• Psychological stress
• Fatigue
• Poor physical fitness
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 11: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
�Alcohol
• Alcohol is a depressant, hypnotic,and addicting drug that in anyquantity will have adverse effects onyour flying ability
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 12: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Alcohol and the FARsAlcohol and the FARs
• FAR 91.17• No person may operate or attempt to operate an
aircraft:• within 8 hours of consuming alcohol
within 24 hours if intoxication or IFR flying is involved(recommendation only)
• while under the influence of alcohol• with a blood-alcohol content of 0.04% or greater
![Page 13: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Alcohol as a DrugAlcohol as a Drug
• Alcohol is a drug• Depressant
• Blocks impulses from the brain and decreases theability of the brain to use oxygen
• Majority of adverse effects are to brain, eyes andmiddle ear: Crucial organs for pilots
![Page 14: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Effects of AlcoholEffects of Alcohol
• Alcohol:• slows reaction time• impairs judgement• impairs memory• impairs vision• impairs hearing• increases fatigue• synergistic effects with medications
![Page 15: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
BAC and ImpairmentBAC and Impairment
• 0.02% - 0.07%: significant performancedecrements
• 0.04%: markedly impaired performance (3standard alcoholic drinks for the averageperson)
![Page 16: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Elimination of AlcoholApproximately 1/3 oz/hour
Elimination of AlcoholApproximately 1/3 oz/hour
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Hours to Clear Alcohol
Nu
mb
er
of
Dri
nk
s
Bee
r
Bee
rCo
cktail
Cock
tail
Double
Double
Martini
Martini
![Page 17: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hangover EffectsHangover Effects• After acute effects of alcohol intoxication• May last up to 48-72 hours after drinking alcohol• May be just as dangerous as intoxication itself• Includes: impaired judgement, fatigue, irritability,
headache, dizziness, dry mouth, stuffy nose, upsetstomach, sensitivity to light.
![Page 18: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Alcohol and Aircraft Accidents• Approximately 6 to 9%
of GA accidents arecaused by alcohol eachyear.
• 0.04% (40mg/dl) FAAlimit.
• 0.02% (20mg/dl)detectable & reportedby CAMI.
![Page 19: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
�Alcohol
• Impairments In; - Reaction time - Reasoning - Judgment - Memory - Brain oxygen utilization a. Hypemic Hypoxia
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 20: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
�Alcohol
Visual Impairments - Eye muscle imbalance - Double vision - Difficulty in focusing
Inner Ear Effects - Dizziness - Decreased hearing
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 21: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
�Alcohol
Our body is capable of eliminating one third of an ounce of alcohol an hour
The after effects of alcohol consumption - Headache - Dizziness - Dry mouth - Stuffy nose
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 22: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
�AlcoholSelf Imposed Stress
The after effects of alcoholconsumption
- Fatigue - Upset stomach - Irritability - Impaired judgment - Increased sensitivity to bright light
![Page 23: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
�Alcohol
The use of alcohol and drugs isregulated FAR 91.17
- Persons may not operate, or attempt tooperate, an aircraft when they arecurrently under the influence of alcohol - Have consumed alcohol within thepast 8 hours
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 24: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
�Alcohol
• The use of alcohol and drugs isregulated FAR 91.17
- Have a blood alcohol content of .04%or greater
- Are using any drug that adverselyaffects flight
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 25: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
�Over-The-Counter Medications
• You should be aware that over-the-counter medications as well asprescription medications can affectthe safe operation of your aircraft
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 26: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
�Over-The-Counter Medications
• Some drugs effects can be intensified when taken to altitude
• Consult your local Aviation Medical Examiner that a medication might have on you as a pilot
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 27: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
� Diet
• A balanced meal consist of - Carbohydrates (50-55%) a. Breaks down to glucose - Proteins (15-20%) a. Basic building block of all cells - Fats (30%) a. Concentrated source of energy
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 28: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
� Diet
Hypoglycemia (Low BloodSugars)
- Weakness - Headache - Irritability - Nervousness - Trembling - Fainting
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 29: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
�Psychological Stress
• Psychological stresses involvephysiological mental, and emotionalresponses to sociocultural, familyand job related situations
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 30: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
�Psychological Stress
Personal life changes that cause stress - Death of a spouse
- Divorce
- Moving or changing jobs
- Marriage
- Being fired
- Changes in health
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 31: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
�Flying as a Stress
Examples of flying events that can be a direct cause of stress
Flying in bad weatherNight operationsPerforming an instrument approach to
minimumsFlying in high density traffic areaFlying in to unfamiliar airports
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 32: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
�Flying as a Stress
Examples of flying events that can bea direct cause of stressBecoming temporarily lost in flightEquipment malfunctionsConflicts with other crewmembers or ATCBeing subject to flight checks
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 33: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
�Signs and Symptoms of Stress
• Anxiety• Irritability• Impulsiveness• Aggressiveness
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 34: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
�Signs and Symptoms of Stress
• Emotional or physical isolation• Problems concentrating• Confusion• Difficulty remembering important
things
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 35: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
�Signs and Symptoms of Stress
• Increased self doubt• Nightmares• Trembling• Weakness
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 36: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
�Signs and Symptoms of Stress
• Diarrhea• Indigestion• Frequent urination• Migraines
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 37: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
�Signs and Symptoms of Stress
• Grinding teeth• Cold sweat• Increased smoking or over-eating• Alcohol and drug use or abuse
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 38: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
�How To Deal with Stress
• Define the source of stress• Evaluate available resources• Explore possible solutions• Take action
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 39: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
�How To Deal with Stress
• Evaluate outcome• Make corrections or changes• Try again
Self Imposed Stress
![Page 40: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
�
![Page 41: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
�
• PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE• RESPIRATION & CIRCULATION• HYPOXIA• HYPERVENTILATION• TRAPPED GAS• DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS• SELF-IMPOSED STRESS• OXYGEN EQUIPMENT
Flying HighFlying High
![Page 42: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
�
The atmosphere is the gaseous envelopeThe atmosphere is the gaseous envelopewhich surrounds the earth.which surrounds the earth.
It extends from the earth to approximately It extends from the earth to approximately 1,000 nautical miles out with most 1,000 nautical miles out with most flights below 50,000 feet (approx 8.2 nm)flights below 50,000 feet (approx 8.2 nm)..
The AtmosphereThe Atmosphere
![Page 43: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
�
NITROGEN 78.08%NITROGEN 78.08%OXYGEN 20.95%OXYGEN 20.95%
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
TRACE
CompositionComposition
![Page 44: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
�
AArgon rgon .93%.93%
Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide .03%.03%Helium Helium .00052%.00052%
Methane Methane .00052%.00052% Krypton Krypton .00011%.00011% Nitrous Oxide Nitrous Oxide .00005%.00005% Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide (variable) (variable) 00001%00001% Xenon .00001% Xenon .00001%
Trace GasesTrace Gases
![Page 45: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
�
•• The combined weight of all the The combined weight of all theatmospheric gases creating a forceatmospheric gases creating a forceupon the surface of the earth.upon the surface of the earth.
•• The force is caused by gravity pulling The force is caused by gravity pullingmolecules earthward and can bemolecules earthward and can bemeasured at any specific altitude.measured at any specific altitude.
Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure
![Page 46: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
�
If you were to expose a vacuum tubeIf you were to expose a vacuum tubewith mercury in it to sea level pressurewith mercury in it to sea level pressureunder standard atmospheric conditionsunder standard atmospheric conditionsit would rise it would rise 29.9229.92 inches of mercury inches of mercury
EquivalentsEquivalents29.92 29.92 inHginHg760 mmHg760 mmHg14.7 PSI14.7 PSI
Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure
![Page 47: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
�SPACE
EXOSPHERE
IONOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
TROPOPAUSE
TROPOSPHERE
Physical DivisionsPhysical Divisions
![Page 48: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
�
30,000 feet30,000 feet
50,00050,000feetfeet
•TEMPERATURE
•WATER VAPOR
•TURBULENCE
•TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATE
TroposphereTroposphere
![Page 49: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
�
50,000 feet to 50 miles50,000 feet to 50 miles •RELATIVELY CONSTANT
•LITTLE WATER VAPOR
•LITTLE TURBULENCE
•JET STREAM
StratosphereStratosphere
![Page 50: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
�
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENT ZONES.L. TO 12,500 feet
PHYSIOLOGICAL DEFICIENT ZONE12,500 to 50,000 feet
SPACE EQUIVALENT ZONE50,000 feet and beyond
Physiological DivisionsPhysiological Divisions
![Page 51: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
�
• External respiration - atmosphere / lungs
• Internal respiration - lungs / blood
• Cellular respiration - blood / body cells
Places O2/CO2 areExchanged in the Body
Places O2/CO2 areExchanged in the Body
![Page 52: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
�
DECREASE OF PARTIALPRESSURE
DECREASE OF TOTAL PRESSURE
EVOLVEDGASDISORDER
HYPOXIA TRAPPED GAS
Decrease of Atmospheric PressureDecrease of Atmospheric Pressure
![Page 53: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
�
Term refers to the absence of an adequate
supply of oxygen to the tissues, whether in
quantity or molecular concentration.
INSIDIOUS NATURE
HypoxiaHypoxia
![Page 54: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
�
Hypoxic hypoxia: (lung level) ALTITUDE HYPOXIA
Stagnant/Circulatory hypoxia: (transport level) G FORCES
Hypemic hypoxia: (blood level) CABON MONOXIDE
Histotoxic hypoxia: (cell level) ALCOHOL
Types of HypoxiaTypes of Hypoxia
![Page 55: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
�
• Ascent to altitude without supplementary Oxygen
• Aircraft decompression at altitude
• Pilot does not know how to operate equipment
• Failure of oxygen supply equipment
Causes of Hypoxia in FlightCauses of Hypoxia in Flight
![Page 56: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
�
Operational Factors Individual Factors• Altitude
• Duration of Exposure• Rate of Ascent
• Fatigue
• Alcohol and Drug use
• Smoking
• Physical Fitness
• Disease and Illness
• Natural Adaptation• Age
Factors Affecting IndividualTolerance to Hypoxia
Factors Affecting IndividualTolerance to Hypoxia
![Page 57: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
�
or
EPT = Effective Performance Time
The time in which a person can efficiently
and effectively perform their flying duties
in an environment of inadequate oxygen.
TUC= Time of Useful ConsciousnessTUC= Time of Useful Consciousness
![Page 58: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
�18,000’ 20-30 Minutes
25,000’ 3-5 Minutes
30,000 1-2 Minutes
35,000 30-60 Seconds
40,000 15-20 Seconds
43,000 9 to 12 Seconds
ALTITUDE TUC/EPTALTITUDE TUC/EPT
![Page 59: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
�
ALTITUDE TUC/EPT
18,000’ 10-15 Minutes
25,000’ 1.5 - 2.5 Minutes
30,000 30 - 60 Seconds
35,000 15-30 Seconds
40,000 7.5-10 Seconds
43,000 3 - 5 Seconds
Rapid Decompression = 1/2 - 1/2 OFFRapid Decompression = 1/2 - 1/2 OFF
![Page 60: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
�
• Increased breathing rate
• Dazed or confused look
• Lethargic
• Loss of Coordination
• Anything out of the ordinary
SignsSigns
![Page 61: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
�• Breathlessness• Dizziness• Headache• Poor Judgment• Lightheadedness• Reaction Time Delayed• Tingling• Fatigue, Drowsiness• Warm Sensation• Loss of Peripheral/Reduced Vision• Euphoria
SymptomsSymptoms
![Page 62: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
�
• Know your Oxygen Equipment
• Know how to use the equipment
• Preflight Oxygen Equipment
• Climb/Level Off and Ops Checks- Cabin Pressure- Oxygen
• Know your symptoms!!!
PreventionPrevention
![Page 63: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
�
•• A condition in which the respiratoryA condition in which the respiratory ventilation is abnormally increased. ventilation is abnormally increased.
•• Results in excessive loss of CO2. Results in excessive loss of CO2.
•• Brings on symptoms similar to Hypoxia Brings on symptoms similar to Hypoxia
HyperventilationHyperventilation
![Page 64: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
�
• Anxiety
• Excitement
• Stress
• Fear
• Pressure Breathing
CausesCauses
![Page 65: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
�
• Be aware of times and conditions that can set you up for hyperventilation.
• Try to keep “cool”.
• Monitor rate and depth of breathing.
PreventionPrevention
![Page 66: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
�
HYPOXIA HYPERVENTILATION
Onset of Rapid (altitude dependent) Gradual symptoms
Muscle activity Flaccid Spasm
Appearance Cyanosis Pale, Clammy
Tetany Absent Present
Comparision ofComparision of
![Page 67: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
�
1. Don Mask - 100% O21. Don Mask - 100% O2
2. Check regulator - On, connections are secure2. Check regulator - On, connections are secure
3. Maintain normal rate and depth of breathing3. Maintain normal rate and depth of breathinguntil symptoms clearuntil symptoms clear
4. Descend below 10,000 feet4. Descend below 10,000 feet
Recovery ProceduresRecovery Procedures
![Page 68: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
�
ADHERE TO 91.211 (Supplemental Oxygen)
OR, FLY AT AN ALTITUDE WHERE OXYGENISN'T REQUIRED
CAMIs RECOMMENDATION
10,000 feet/day10,000 feet/day
5,000 feet/night 5,000 feet/night
Preventative ActionsPreventative Actions
![Page 69: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
�
![Page 70: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
�
DON’T hold your breath on
ascent
DON’T hold your breath on
ascent
LUNGS
![Page 71: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
�
Henry’s Law
The amount of gas in a solution varies The amount of gas in a solution varies
directly with the partial pressure of directly with the partial pressure of
that gas over the solution.that gas over the solution.
Decompression SicknessDecompression Sickness
![Page 72: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
�
![Page 73: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
� Bends
Chokes
Neurologic
Skin Bends
(Central nervous system)
(Skin disturbances)TypesTypes
![Page 74: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
�
SYMPTOMS
1. Pain in the joints
2. Mild pain at onset
3. Pain becomes deep & penetrating
4. Eventually intolerable in severity
BendsBends
![Page 75: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
�
1. Sensation of tiny insects crawling over the skin)
2. Mottled and diffuse rash
3. Itching
4. Swelling of the skin
SYMPTOMS
Skin BendsSkin Bends
![Page 76: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
�
SYMPTOMS
1. Headache
2. Flashing/flickering lights
3. Blind spots
4. Confusion or memory loss
5. Tunnel or blurry vision
6. Vertigo
7. Extreme fatigue or behavior changes
NeurologicNeurologic
![Page 77: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
�
SYMPTOMS
1. Burning deep chest pain
2. Pain is aggravated by breathing
3. Shortness of breath
4. Dry constant cough
ChokesChokes
![Page 78: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
�
OPERATIONAL
• Rate of Ascent
• Altitude
• Time at Altitude
PERSONAL
• Body Fat
• Activity
• Dehydration
• Age
Decompression Sickness FactorsDecompression Sickness Factors
![Page 79: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
�12 hours no decom. stop
24 hours decom. stop12 hours no decom. stop
24 hours decom. stop
![Page 80: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
�
1. Oxygen regulator to 100% oxygen1. Oxygen regulator to 100% oxygen
2. Immobilize effected area (if possible)2. Immobilize effected area (if possible)
3. Descend as soon as practical3. Descend as soon as practical
4. Report to Aviation Medical Examiner4. Report to Aviation Medical Examinerfor best qualified medical assistancefor best qualified medical assistance
5. Compression chamber therapy (if5. Compression chamber therapy (ifrequired)required)
Treatment of Decompression SicknessTreatment of Decompression Sickness
![Page 81: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
�
•• NOISENOISE
•• TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE
•• FOGFOG
•• WIND BLASTWIND BLAST
•• FLYING DEBRISFLYING DEBRIS
Signs of a DecompressionSigns of a Decompression
![Page 82: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
�
•• Hypoxia Hypoxia
•• Hyperventilation Hyperventilation
•• Decompression Sickness Decompression Sickness
•• Trapped Gas Trapped Gas
•• Hypothermia Hypothermia
Physiological Signs of aDecompression
Physiological Signs of aDecompression
![Page 83: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
�
![Page 84: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
�
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation CurveOxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
![Page 85: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
�
Safe Use of OxygenSafe Use of Oxygen
![Page 86: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
�
![Page 87: Aviation Medicine Seminar Series](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4b01736caf36b75b9c50/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
�
Ideas for Future SeminarsIdeas for Future Seminars
• Aviation Physiology Lab• Barany Chair• Physiological changes with stress• Use of Qxygen equipment