With special thanks to Mary L. Schneider, PhD, OTR, Leslie Resch, Julie Larson, Valerie Lammers, and all my friends at Harlow Primate Lab

INTRODUCTION

INFANT NEUROBEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT SCALE

RESULTS ALCOHOL PROTOCOLPanels• Food (banana flavored pellets) and fluids (water and water/ethanol mixture) and were delivered via one computer-operated panel located on the inside of each cage.

• Each panel contained two drinking lixits, with a bar pull located in the middle of the panel that acti-vated the lixits and the finger poke. A set of three colored lights (red, yellow, and green) were located above each lixit. When illuminated, the red light represented food availability, the yellow light indicated an active panel, and the green light signaled active fluid. Displacement of fluids occurred when a monkey pulled the bar and moved the lixit.

• One water bottle and one ethanol bottle, each containing 2-liters of fluid, were connected to each panel by plastic tubing. Fluids were displaced when the monkey moved the spout in any

one direction to facilitate flow.

Experimental Design: 5 phases• Induction (4 phases): 4% ethanol concentration for all induction phases Phase 1 (Water Induction): 30 days; 16-hr. sessions Phase 2: 0.5 g/kg; 30 days; 16-hr. sessions Phase 3: 1.0 g/kg; 30 days; 16-hr. sessions Phase 4: 1.5 g/kg; 30 days; 16-hr. sessions

• Maintenance (1 phase): 4% ethanol concentration 180 days; 22-hr. sessions

Orientation Motor Maturity Motor Activity State control Visual orient Visual follow Attention

Head prone Head supine Labyrinthian righting Response speed Coordination

Motor activity Coordination Spontaneous crawl Passivity

Irritability Consolability Struggle during test Predominate state

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FemaleMaleLinear (Female)Linear (Male)Linear (combined)

Average Alcohol Consumption Over 3 Month Period

Average Motor Maturity Scores Days 15 and 22and Average Alcohol Consumption

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00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

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FemaleMaleLinear (Female)Linear (Male)Linear (combined)

Average Alcohol Consumption Over 3 Month Period

Average State Control Scores Days 15 and 22and Average Alcohol Consumption

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Average Alcohol Consumption Over 3 Month Period

Average Orientation Scores Days 15 and 22and Average Alcohol Consumption

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FemaleMaleLinear (Female)Linear (Male)Linear (combined)

Average Alcohol Consumption Over 3 Month Period

Average Motor Activity Scores Days 15 and 22and Average Alcohol Consumption

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2

Does Neonatal Temperament and Neurobehavior Predict Alcohol Consumption in Adult Rhesus Monkeys?

Autumn F. Hansen, MS-OTS & Mary L. Schneider, PhD, OTROccupational Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology ~ University of Wisconsin-Madison

Purpose • Do individual differences in neonatal temperament, attention, motor maturity and motor activity predict adult alcohol consumption patterns?

• Do male macaque monkeys consume more alcohol than females?

Hypothesis• Neonatal temperament and neurobehavior will predict alcohol consumption patterns among adult rhesus monkeys.

• Male macaque monkeys will consume more alcohol than female macaque monkeys.

Subjects and Living Environment• 8 rhesus monkeys (4 males, 4 females)

• Housed in a 139 sq. ft. room in individual stainless steel cages, each measuring 3.1 ft. long x 32 in. wide x 31 in. high with attached food and fluid panel (see Alcohol Protocol)

• Room temperature was maintained at a range of 64-78 degrees with 40-70% humidity and a12:12-hour light:dark cycle

• Correlation coefficients were calculated for each of the 4 developmental clusters (see Infant Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale), and reflect the relationship between monkeys’ average test scores and average alcohol consumption. Correlations were done for males and females separately and together.

CONCLUSION

• For orientation, there was a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and orient (.78) for males. Thus, high alcohol consumption was associated with high orientation scores. For females, however,high alcohol consumption was associatead with low orientation scores (-.77).

• The relationships between alcohol consumption and motor maturity was not significant. For females, however, there was a negative relationship (-.86) such that high alcohol consumption wasassociated with low motor maturity.

• For motor activity, there was no relationship for males, but for females, a positive relationship (.88) suggests that high alcohol consumption was associated with high motor activity scores.

• For state control, males with high alcohol consumption showed low state control (-.80) or low irritability.

• In summary, alcohol consumption patterns depend on gender. Females with high alcohol consumption showed a pattern of low orient, low motor maturity, and high motor activity or ADHD-like symptoms as infants. Males, however, that were high drinkers were attentive and calm during neonatal testing.

• Females with ADHD symptoms early in life may be at risk for excessive alcohol consumption in adulthood.

Orientation Motor Maturity Motor Activity State Control

M + F 0.137 -0.1465 0.2693 -0.2848M 0.7843 0.2049 -0.1491 -0.7999F -0.7724 -0.8573 0.8877 -0.002

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