Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light...

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Transcript of Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light...

Page 1: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 2: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Autotrophs: self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO2

◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds

i.e. sulfur or ammonia

Heterotrophs: other feeding, rely on photoautotrophs for food & oxygen

Page 3: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Leaf Structure

• Chlorophyll – green pigment

• Mesophyll – tissue layer

• Stomata – pores for gas exchange

• Chloroplasts– Thylakoids– Grana– Stroma– Membranes

Page 4: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Summary equation:6CO2 + 12 H20 + light energy → C6H12O6 + 602 +

6H20

Net:6CO2 + 6 H20 + light energy → C6H12O6 + 602

Simplified:CO2 + H20 + → CH2O + 02

Page 5: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Tracking Atoms(water is split)

• Photosynthesis: redox reaction, water split, electrons and hydrogen ions transferred to CO2 reducing it to sugar.

Page 6: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

LIGHT REACTIONS◦ Photolysis: splitting of water, oxygen waste◦ Photophosphorylation: generates ATP◦ Reduction of NADP+ → NADPH

CALVIN CYCLE◦ Carbon fixation (incorporation of CO2 from

atmosphere)◦ Uses products of light reactions (ATP, NADPH)◦ Light independent reactions

Page 7: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 8: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 9: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 10: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
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Wavelength: distance between crests Electromagnetic spectrum: range of radiation Visible light: 380-750nm, detected by human eye Photons: act like objects, fixed quantity of energy

(inversely related to wavelength) Spectrophotometer: measures light transmittance Absorption spectrum: fraction of light not

transmitted Action spectrum: relative performance of different

wavelengths Pigments: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,

carotenoids, xanthophyll, anthocyanin

Page 12: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Page 13: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

WHY ARE LEAVES GREEN?

Chloroplastpigmentsabsorb blueand red lightand reflect

or transmit green light.

Page 14: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

INSIDE A SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Page 15: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 16: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 17: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
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PHOTOSYSTEMS: organized chlorophyll, proteins, sm. organic molecules. REACTION CENTER: chlorophyll a receives energized e- from other pigments, passes them to PRIMARY ELECTRON ACCEPTOR: traps high energy electrons.

Page 19: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 20: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

NONCYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW

Page 21: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

NONCYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW

Page 22: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

NONCYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW

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Generates equal amounts of ATP and NADPHNoncyclic photophosphorylation

NONCYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW

Page 24: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 25: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
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• Cyclic photophosphorylation

• No NADPH• No oxygen released• Generates more ATP

for Calvin cycle

CYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW

Page 27: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 28: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
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Light Reactions and Chemiosmosis: the organization of the thylakoid

membrane

Page 31: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
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Takes place in the stroma 3 Phases: carbon fixation, reduction,

regeneration of RuBP Requires ATP & NADPH from light rxns. Involves carbon fixation (RuBP, CO2 &

rubisco) Produces glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

(PGAL/G3P) 3 CO2 yield 1 PGAL for glucose production

Others used to recycle RuBP

Page 33: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 34: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 35: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 36: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 37: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Light intensity – increase up to a point Light wavelength – red or blue Temperature of environment - ↑ up to a

certain point CO2 levels - increase H2O levels – slow down

Page 38: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Bundle sheath cells have chloroplasts Preface Calvin Cycle with 4-C acid

(oxaloacetic acid) system PEP (3-C) higher affinity for CO2 than

rubisco Stomata closed - ↑oxygen ↓ CO2 Resist photorespiration – adapted to

intense light & heat

Page 39: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Bundle sheath cells w/ chloroplasts

Preface Calvin cycle w/ 4-C acid sys.

Resist photorespirationAdapted for intense light &

heat

C4 Leaf Anatomy

Page 40: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 41: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

Crassulacean acid metabolism Succulents (water storing plants) cacti,

pineapples Open stomata at night, close during

the day (helps conserve water) At night they incorporate CO2 into a

variety of organic acids (store until later)

Day light →ATP & NADPH; CO2 released and used in Calvin cycle

Page 42: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 43: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.
Page 44: Autotrophs : self feeders, producers, produce organic molecules from CO 2 ◦ Photoautotrophs: light energy ◦ Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds.

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS Providing Energy for Life. Do you remember food web terminology? Autotrophs = producers Autotrophs = producers Photoautotrophs Photoautotrophs.

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