AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES: DEVELOPMENT AND THE ......Autonomous Vehicles Recap • New form of mobility...
Transcript of AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES: DEVELOPMENT AND THE ......Autonomous Vehicles Recap • New form of mobility...
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AUTONOMOUSVEHICLES:DEVELOPMENTANDTHEPOTENTIALIMPACTUPON
REGULATIONANDLICENSING
Speaker:RoryBarnable
BarnableLawP.C.
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KeyConsiderationsHowcouldtheintroductionofautonomousvehicles
impactregulationsandinsurancecoverage?
This presentation will address the potential changesthat autonomous vehicles will necessitate for currenttransportation liability regimes, principally focusing onautomotive and marine transport.
We will discuss the legislative and insurance regimesvarious jurisdictions are implementing for autonomousvehicles, drawing parallels from other methods of riskallocation, and forecast potential changes that mayaccompany the increasing prevalence of thistechnology.
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Aboutme
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WhyAutonomous?
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AutonomousVehiclesRecap
• Newformofmobility• Disruptivetechnology• Fallingaccidentfrequency• Personalandcommercialautopolicies
accountforroughly43percentofallwrittenpropertyandcasualtypremiums.
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AVAdvances
• InInsurance:• Culturalshiftinnotionsoftransportation• Migratingformsofinsurancecoverage• Ondemandinsurance
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CommentsonAV• Insuranceindustryexecutives:
• “Itcouldbeareinsurancearrangement, itcouldbeaquotasharearrangementoritcouldbeastrictinsurancearrangementlikewehavetodayandIthinkthat’sgoingtodependoneachcompany’sbalancesheetneedsandtheirefficientuseofcapital,”…“Ithinkonthepersonallinesside,youaregoingtoseeawholeslewofdifferentareas.Youaregoingtoseeregularpersonallinespolicieslikeweseetoday,becausetherearestillconsumerswhoaregoingtowanttodrivetheirownvehicle.”• KarimHirji, seniorvicepresidentofinternationalandventures
at IntactFinancial
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CommentsonAV
• Insuranceindustryexecutives:• “…weexpectittomoveawayfrominsuring
millionsofindividualstopotentiallyinsuringahandfuloftechnologyprovidersorahandfulof(originalequipmentmanufacturer)providersandmanufacturers,andsotheentirelandscapeischanging.”• JasonStorah,executivevicepresidentforbroker
distributionatAvivaCanadaInc.
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CommentsonAV• Autoindustry:
• “Rightnow,weareinanareawherewearenotsurewhichwaywearegoingtogo,becausetheautonomoustechnologyiscreatedbyusbuttherearealsocomponentssuppliedbyothercompaniesandthenweareaskingaboutsharedliabilitywithsuppliers”• AlifyaCurtin,generalcounselforCar2goNorthAmerica(whichisownedbyDaimler)
• “Theregulatoryframeworkineveryjurisdictionwasneverwrittenasavehicledrivingdowntheroad…It’salwaysaboutthedriverbehaviour,soatthispointwewantthedriverintheseat.”• LoganPurdy,manageroftheroadsafetypolicyofficefortheMinistryofTransportationof
Ontario
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ConsiderationsfromAVButnotsofast• considerthelevelofculturalshiftnecessary
torelinquishwhatmostNorthAmerican’sconsideranabsoluteright.
• Considertoothatitcouldtake2decadesormoretoreplacetheexistingfleetofvehiclesontheroad…
Uncertainty=impactsregulatorydevelopment
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RegulatingAV• NorthAmericanisinvolved
• IntheUSFederallyandattheStatelevel• Newbillssuggestingspendingincreases• NHTSApolicystatements&industryinquiries
• InCanada,Federallyandprovincially• Arewekeepingup?• Anecdotally,reportsandcriticismsuggestsnot
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RegulatingAV• StatebyStates
• Variouslevelsofadoption• Planstostudy• Regulationoftesting
• InclusionbyOmission
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IndividualStateInvolvement
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RegulatingAV• Themes
• LevelofHumanparticipation• InVehicle
• Driverresponsibility• Manufacturer/Supplierresponsibility• Conversionresponsibility• PrivacyandDisclosure• Permittingtestingtoposttestingdeployment
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ProductLiability• PresentRegime
• Modesoffailure• Shiftofdriverresponsibilitytomanufacturer/
Supplierresponsibility• Determiningfault/causation• PrivacyandDisclosure• ImportanceofBIGdata…
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FurthercommentsonAV• Insuranceindustry:• “Wedon’tseeliabilitygettingmore
complicatedinadriverlessfuture,…Currently,weseenoneedforactiononthesideofinsuranceandliabilitylaw,”• JacobFuest,HeadoftheAutomotiveInnovationCenterat
Allianz
• Existinglawsinamajorityofcountrieswouldwellbeabletohandleliabilityevenincomplexcrashscenarios.
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ProductLiability• PresentRegime
• Modesoffailure• Shiftofdriverresponsibilitytomanufacturer/
Supplierresponsibility• Determiningfault/causation• PrivacyandDisclosure• ImportanceofBIGdata…
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FurthercommentsonAV• Whatwillnotchangeisthecertainty,
thatwithanaccidentsomebodywillbeaccountable• Humandriverinthetort/negligence
scenario,manufacturerintheproductliabilitycontext.
• Overarchingdoctrineofvictimprotectiondemandresponse
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MarineConsiderations
• TechnologicalUnderpinnings• PresentAutomationUses• Futureforcommercialcarriageofgoods
andpassengers?
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MarineConsiderations
• BenefitsofAutonomousOperation:• Decreasedmanpower• Lesssupportinfrastructure• Efficiencygains• ReductioninError(80%isHumanError)• Scale(~$400Bindustry,90%ofworldtrade)
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MarineConsiderations
• PresentAdvances:• RollsRoyce• EuropeanUnion• UK
• Opposition• Scale(~$400Bindustry,90%ofworldtrade)
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MarineConsiderations
• Opposition• Investmentnotjustifiedbycostsavings• Lackofinternationalsupportorinterest• Sloweruptake• Regulatoryhurdles
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MarineConsiderations
• RegulatoryHurdles• Historicaldevelopmentofmarinelawand
convention• Internationalharmonizationdevelopedin
theageofsail• Regulationunderpinnedbyindividual
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MarineConsiderations
• Outstandingissues• DopresentlawspermitAutonomousShips• Regulationunderpinnedby:
• Individuals(MasterandCrewroles)• Linkstogovernancethroughflagstates• Thestowawayandpirate
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MarineConsiderations• Outstandingissues• Necessaryreconsiderationofvarious
conventions• theLawoftheSeaConvention;• InternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeat
Sea(SOLAS);• PortStateControlprograms;• InternationalConventiononStandardsofTraining,
CertificationandWatchkeeping forSeafarers,1978(STCW)
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MarineConsiderations
• Outstandingissues• Similaritieswithaircraftindustry,
• Needforinternationalharmonization• Commonconcernsof:
• Expensive transportmeans• Carryingvaluablecargo• Riskofconsiderableharmtotheenvironmentandto
thirdparties.
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Cyber• Dependenceonconnectivity• ImportanceofBIGDATA
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Thankyou
RoryBarnableB.A.,LL.B.,LL.M.
BarnableLawP.C.161BaySt.,Suite2700Toronto,ONM5J2C1