Autonomous nervous system
Transcript of Autonomous nervous system
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AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY,DR.SAMEENA SHAMSUDEEN
DEPT. OF OMFS
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HISTORY
1807 Reil
vegetative nev!"# #$#te%.
1&00# 'a%e# (angle$1#te)ee* t! t+e ANS.
e))eent -!ti!n !) ANS
/ASE((
INO(UNTARY NEROUSSYSTEM.
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WHY ANS is
important
Maintains the CV,thermal,and gastro intestinalhomeostasis.
Structure,function and reflexs are critical to thesupport of the circulation under aneasthesia.
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ANATOMY
central control andfeedbac areas, sensor!
receptors, peripheraleffectors, and reflex
conduction path"a!s.
no distinct centers ofautonomic function in the
cerebral cortex.
#nput from $arioussensor! s!stems canimpact higher cortical
centers, be processed,
efferent autonomic acti$it!
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De#en#iti2ati!n an* +a3it"ati!n !) t+e #te##
e#-!n#e
De#4en*ing in-"t t! t+e -aaventi4"la n"4le"# !) t+e+$-!t+ala%"#
Re)le5e# ae -!4e##e* in t+e +$-!t+ala%"# an* t+e li%3i4)!e3ain
Bain#te%
Sti%"l"#)ea6#te##6*ange
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T+e !"t-"t 4ente# !) t+e ANS e#i*e in t+e %e*"lla
!3l!ngataan*t+e -!n# !) t+e 3ain#te%
T!ni4 i%-"l#e# )!% n"4lei lie t+e n"4le"# ta4t"#
#!litai"#%aintain 3l!!* -e##"e an* e#-!n* t!a))eent #ignal# )!% t+e #en#!$ #i*e !) t+e ANS.
T+e#e a))eent i%-"l#e# )!% t+e vag"# an*gl!##!-+a$ngeal I neve# e#"lt in va#!*ilati!n an*3a*$4a*ia
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SYMPATHETI9 SYSTEM
White ramuscommunicans
GREY RAMI
COMMUNICANS
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SYM%A&HC 'AN'(#A
SYMA%A&H)C &*+N
S&)((A&) 'AN'(#-N%A*A V)*&)/*A( 'AN'(#A.
%*)V)*&)/*A( 'AN'(#-NC-((A&)*A(
&)*M#NA( 'AN'(#A
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S%(ANCHN#C N)*V)S
0 splanchnic ner$es
'reater
(esser (east
1ormed b! %'1 "hich ha$e passed through the
s!mpathtic trun.
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Suprarenal
medulla
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APP(IED
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Horners syndrome
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PARASYMPATHETI9 SYSTEM
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9RANIA( OUTF(O:
3,7,9,1 CN carr!
"re#an#$ionic"aras!m"athetic
%i&ers 'irect$! to
#an#$ia $ocate'
near or 'irect$!in inner(ate'
or#ans)
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SA9RA( OUTF(O:
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more %ocuse' an' s"eci%ic
res"onses e$icite' &! *NS
acti(ation)
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FUN9TIONS
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Pegangli!ni4 ne"!n#
S!naptic transmission through ANS ganglia is
similar in both the SNS and the %NS.
%reganglionic neurons in both the SNS and%NS are cholinergic.
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+he"rinci"a$
#an#$ionic
rece"torsar
e
e,citator!n
icotinic
AChrece"tors
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autonomic
#an#$iaNM jn
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ngli!ni4
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P!#tgangli!
ni4
Ne"!n#
SYMPATHE
TI9
NER1OUS
SYSTEM
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norepinephrine released from s!mpathetic
postganglionic neurons stimulates both 23 and 43
adrenergic receptors, eliciting classic adrenergicresponses
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located presynaptically, provide
a negative feedback
loop to modulate further release
of neurotransmitter
&he posts!naptic receptors
regulate effector cells
through second messengersignaling
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i4
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#tgang
li!ni4
e"!n#
PARASYMP
ATHETI
9
NER1
OUSSYSTE
M
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SE9OND MESSEN/ERS IN THE
AUTONOMI9 NEROUS SYSTEM
#n the adrenergic s!stem, transduction is
mediated b! ' proteins, "hich then regulate
aden!l!l c!clase and phospholipase C togenerate second messengers andor directl!
modulate $arious ion channels
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AUTONOMI9 NEROUS SYSTEM REF(EES
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A+&-N-M#C HY%)**)1()5#A
autonomic d!sreflexia
Level
of the
lesion is
belowT5
No
h!"erre%$eia
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&H)*M-')N)S#S *)1()5
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Cardiac *eflexes
/A*-*)C)%&-* *)1()5
CH)M-*)C)%&-* *)1()5
/A#N/*#6') *)1()5
/)7-(638A*#SCH *)1()5
eptor
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/arorece
ptor
reflex
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Chemoreceptor reflex
/)7-(638A*#SCH *)1()5
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/)7-(6 8A*#SCH *)1()5
4+aa4tei2e* 3$ +$-!ten#i!n, 3a*$4a*ia, an* *ilati!n!) t+e 4!!na$ ateie#
!44"# in e#-!n#e t! n!5i!"# #ti%"li *ete4te* in t+eventi4le.
9+e%!e4e-t!# l!4ate* in t+e venti4le# e#-!n* t!%$!4a*ial i#4+e%ia,
e#"lting in an in4ea#e in 3l!!* )l!; t! t+e %$!4a*i"%an* *e4ea#e in t+e ;! !) t+e +eat. T+i# i# a
4a*i!-!te4tive e)le5. T+e -at+;a$ )! t+i# e)le5 3egin#;it+ e4e-t!# in t+e venti4le# !) t+e +eat, ;+i4+
*ete4t %e4+ani4al an* 4+e%i4al #ti%"li.
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. Afferent unm!elinated C3fibers tra$el through
the $agus to enhance the baroreceptor reflex
mechanisms, inhibit s!mpathetic output andinhibit $asomotor tone leading to peripheral
$asodilation.
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An in4ea#e in 4entalven!"# -e##"e 9P
a4tivate# #tet4+e4e-t!# in t+e atia.
A))eent i%-"l#e#t+!"g+ t+e vag"#
neve i%-a4t
4a*i!va#4"la 4ente#in t+e 3ain, ;+i4+ t+en
in+i3it t!ni4-aa#$%-at+eti4
!"t-"t, e#"lting inta4+$4a*ia.
#een *"ing 4+il*3it+;+en a"t!tan#)"#i!n
in4ea#e# 9P.
+he
-ain&ri'#e
re%$e
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O9U(O9ARDIA9
REF(E
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T+e tige%inal neve i# a##!4iate* ;it+ #eveal a"t!n!%i4 e)le5e#