Autonomic Nervous System
Transcript of Autonomic Nervous System
![Page 1: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prepared by: ANAM KHAN
![Page 2: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Brain and spinal cord:
Receives and processes incoming sensory information and responds by sending out signals that initiate or modify a process.
![Page 4: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Includes all the neurons and ganglia found outside the CNS-any nerve that enters or leaves the CNS
![Page 5: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially
serving as a communication relay going back and forth between the brain and the extremities.
It is subdivided into:
![Page 6: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Efferent Division – the neurons of which carry signals away from the brain and spinal cord to peripheral tissues.
![Page 7: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
= Afferent division – the neurons of which bring info from the periphery to the CNS.They provide sensory input to modulate the function of efferent division.
![Page 8: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Efferent
Somatic Autonomic
![Page 11: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Somatic efferent neurons are Involved in the voluntary control of functions
![Page 12: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Autonomic Efferent Regulates everyday requirement of vital bodily functions without the conscious participation of the mind.
![Page 13: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Preganglionic neurons
Cell body is located within the CNS
Postganglionic neurons
Cell body originating in the ganglion
![Page 14: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
preganglionic postganglionic
Either unmyelinated or myelinated
Emerge from brainstem or spinal cord and make synaptic connection in ganglia
Generally Nonmyelinated
Terminates on effector organs
![Page 15: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
These fibers arise from the cranium (from cranial nerves III,VII,IX and X) and from the sacral region(S2-4) of spinal cord.
![Page 16: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Efferent nerve fibers originate from nerve cells in the lateral gray column of the spinal cord between first thoracic and second lumbar segments( thoracic outflow)
![Page 17: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Two types of acetylcholine receptors exists
![Page 18: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Acetylcholine has the ability to bind with both of these receptors.
![Page 19: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
In preganglionic neurons, both parasympathetic and sympathetic, the release of acetylcholine binds
predominantly with nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic neurons
![Page 20: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sympathetic system:
•At the synapses within the ganglia, preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine.
•In response to this stimulus postganglionic neurons - with two important exceptions - release nor epinephrine.
•Activates adrenergic receptors on the peripheral target tissues.
![Page 21: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The activation of target tissue receptors causes the effects associated with the sympathetic system.
![Page 22: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The two exceptions mentioned above are:
• postganglionic neurons of
sweat glands and
• chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.
![Page 23: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Parasympathetic system The parasympathetic nervous system uses chiefly acetylcholine (ACh) as its neurotransmitter.
Most transmissions occur in two stages:
![Page 24: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
•When stimulated, the preganglionic nerve releases ACh at the ganglion.
•which acts on nicotinic receptors of postganglionic neurons.
•The postganglionic nerve then releases ACh to stimulate the muscarinic receptors of the target organ.
![Page 25: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Both always present in the blood.
Nor epinephrine varies
Epinephrine is a constant
![Page 28: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3rd division of ANS
Works independently of CNS
![Page 29: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Brain of Gut ( as it is the collection of nerve fibers that innervate the gastrointestinal tract , pancreas and gall bladder)
![Page 30: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Modulated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
![Page 31: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Exocrine/endocrine secretions and microcirculation of gastrointestinal tract
![Page 32: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Continually active to some degree
Diffused distribution of postganglionic Fibers.
![Page 34: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The changes experienced by the body during emergencies have been referred to as the “fight or flight” response.
![Page 35: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Maintains essential bodily functions
Generally dominant over sympathetic
system in “Rest and Digest” situations.
![Page 36: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
It usually acts to oppose or balance the actions of sympathetic division.
![Page 37: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Eye
P-constricts pupils ( III occulomotor)
S-dilates pupils
![Page 40: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Heart muscles P-decreases rate; slows and steadies
heart(bradycardia)
S-Increases rate and force of heartbeat
![Page 41: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Blood vessels P-vasoconstriction
S- vasodilation
![Page 42: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Glands (nasal, lacrimal, salivary, gastric, pancreas)
P-stimulates secretary activity
S-inhibits secretary activity
![Page 43: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Lungs
P-constricts bronchioles
S-Dilates bronchioles and mildly constricts blood vessels
![Page 44: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Digestive Tract Organs:
P-increases motility and amount of secretions by digestive organs' relaxes sphincters and allow movement of food along tract
S-decreases activity of glands and muscles of digestive system and constricts sphincter; causes vasoconstriction
![Page 45: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Sweat Glands S-stimulates sweating
Arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicle S-stimulates to contract—Goosebumps
![Page 46: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
LiverS-Epinephrine stimulates liver to release
glucose to blood
![Page 47: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Adrenal Medulla S-Stimulates medulla cells to secrete epinephrine and noreponephrine into bloodstream
![Page 48: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Kidney
S- causes vasoconstriction; decreases urine output
![Page 49: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Gallbladder
P-stimulates activity; gallbladder contracts to expel bile
S-gallbladder relaxed
Bladder, Urethra
P-contraction smooth muscle of bladder wall
S-relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder wall
![Page 50: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Autonomic Nervous System](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/5552e2bfb4c905014c8b4f13/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Summary