Automotive Market Perspective of Ultracapacitors[1]

8/3/2019 Automotive Market Perspective of Ultracapacitors[1]

1/23

Automotive Market

Perspective of Ultracapa

Hyun Jin Song

NESSCap Inc.

Advanced Capacitors WJuly 17-19, 200


2/23

Outline

Market Drivers

Vehicle Simulation Results- Fuel Cell Hybrid Technology- FCEV Power Management Scenario- Power Simulation in HMC Driving Mode

270V/ 15.7F EDLC Module

- Specifications- Discharge Simulation- Chassis Dynamometer Test Results

450V / 13.3F Hybrid Cap Module- Specifications- Capacitance, ESR, charge/discharge charact- UC10, UC50 and Cold Crank Test Result

Summary and Conclusions


3/23

Market Drivers

Ultra-capacitors are an attractive energy storage device

generation vehicles:

High power and cycle life capabilities

Value proposition for micro-hybrid vehicles is higher

Value proposition for buses and delivery vehicles is higher

Ideal solution as distributed energy cache at the critical loa

high peak power

X-by wire (ECB, EPS) Micro, Mild-Hybrid


4/23


5/23

FCEV Power Management Sc

Re

(8

Acceleration Assist Power

Supply (40kWMax)

Source: Hyun


6/23

0 300 600 900

-100

0

100

Vehicle Speed

Motor Power

Time (sec)

Speed,

MotorPower

-100

0

10 0

SCAP Power

SupercapPower

Power Simulation in HMC Driv

Discharge(power assist)

Charge(regeneration)

100kW Motor and 430V/11.8F Supercap

Ideal solution for extremely high power and short

Source: Hyun


7/23

EDLC Module for FCEV

Value

270

292

15.7

76

Max. 186

Rated 159

Usable 120

Wh/l 2.3Wh/kg 2.8

66

80.8

1242x290x224

Weight (kg)

Volume (L)

Rated Voltage (VR)

Max Voltage (VM)

Energy (Wh)

Capacitance (F)

ESR (mOhm, DC)

ax nergyDensity

Dimensions (LxWxH, mm)

Paremeters

270V/15F module

Specifications

Hyu


8/23

Simulated Discharge Profile

0 10 20 30 40 50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Calculated Constant Current Discharge Profile of 270V/15.7F Ultracap Module

Voltage(V)

Time (sec)

100Amp

150Amp

200Amp

250Amp

300Amp


9/23

Chassis Dynamometer Test Re

FCEV Spec.

Gasoline-equivalent fuel economy

FC currents und

Source: EVS21, Monaco, 2005 / Hyun


10/23

17170mESR (DC)

DownsizedModule(1/10 Scale)

Full ScaleModule*

Unit

> 15

-25~70

> 7.4 (@80kW)

> 14 (@40kW)

4.0

4.5

95

107

230

430

13.3

483

450

48.3VMax. Voltage

> 1.5

-25~70

> 7.4 (@8kW)

> 14 (@4kW)

4.3

8.0

5.4

10

23

43

133

45

WhUsable Energy (450V~280V)

WhMax. Energy

KgWeight

kWCold Cranking Power @ -30oC

for 30 sec. (3 times for 10sec.)

oCOperational Temp. Range

secPulse Charge Duration @375V

secPulse Discharge Duration @375V

Wh/kg

Wh/LMax. Energy Density

LVolume

FCapacitance

VVoltage

450V / 13.3F Hybrid Cap Mod

* Preliminary


11/23

CompositiActive Cel

Module siz

Volume: 9

Cooling Fa

NTC therm

Connector

Temperat

Layout and Functions of 450V/13


12/23

7400JMax. Energy

0.8mESR (DC)

0.321KgWeight

-25~60oCOperating

Temp. Range

6.4Wh/kg

9.7Wh/LMax. Energy

Density

0.212LVolume

2800FCapacitance

2.3VVoltage

2.3V/2800F Hybrid Cap

Specification


13/23

Testing on 45V/133F Hybridcap


14/23

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

21

24

27

30

33

36

39

42

45

48

V2 = 27V (60% Vmax)

T2 = 478 sec

V1 = 36V (80% Vmax)

T1 = 224 sec

Capacitance of 45V module at R.T.

Vo

ltage(V)

Time(sec)

V1

- V2

: Discharge Volta

Result

C=141F

T2

- T1

: Discharge Time

I : Discharge current (

C = I * (T2

- T1) / (V

1- V

Test Conditions

1) Constant voltage char2) Constant current disc

Capacitance Measuremen


15/23

Result

ESR=15.8m

I : Discharge curreV : Voltage drop fo

ESR = V/ I

Test Conditions

1) Constant voltage c2) Constant current d

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

IR-Drop of 45V Module at R.T.

IR-Drop at 10mSec

V = 1.63V

Voltage

Current

Time

Voltag

e(V)

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

Current(A)

ESR Measurement


16/23

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

Constant Power Discharge

2kW

4kW

8kW

Voltage(V)

Time(sec)

0 5 10 15 20

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

Constant Powe

Voltage(V)

Time(sec

Test Conditions1) Discharge: CVC 10min at 45V CPD at 2, 4 and 8kW2) Charge: CVC 10min at 28VCPC at 2, 4 and 8kW

Results

Charge Time (sec)

Discharge Time (sec)

Charge / Discharge Character


17/23

UC10 Test Profile

Round Trip Efficiency in UC10


18/23

Results

Test current / pow

Round-trip efficien

= (Wh (discha

Discharge Energy(W

Regen Energy(Wh)

Round-trip efficien

Test Result on UC10

5763.6 5767.2 5770.8 5774.4 5778.0 5781.6 5785.2 5788.8 5792.4

20

25

30

35

40

45

voltage

Energy Efficiency Test (UC10)

Time(sec)

Voltage(V)

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

current

Current(A

)


19/23

0 4 8 12

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

Current(C-rate)

Time in P

Rest Step1

Discharge Step

Rest 2 (OCV)

Charge

Rest 1 (OCV)

Discharge

Test

Current

(C-rate)

Cumulativ

e Time in

Profile

(seconds)

Step Duration

(seconds)

Ultracapacitor Energy Effic

Ultracapacitor Energy Efficiency and Life Test Profile

Round Trip Efficiency in UC50

UC50 Test Profile


20/23

Results

Test current / pow

Round-trip efficien

= (Wh (discha

Discharge Energy(W

Regen Energy(Wh)Round-trip efficien

Test Result on UC50

9608 9616 9624 9632 9640 9648 9656

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

voltage

Energy Efficiency Test (UC50)

Time(sec)

V

oltage(V)

-450

-225

0

225

450

675

900

current

Current(A)


21/23

0 10 20 30

10

20

30

40

50

Time(sec)

Voltage(V)

Cold Cranking Pulse Test @-30oC

1.515010

004010

1.513010

002010

1.511010

Test Power

(kW)

Test Power

(Relative)

CumulativeTime in Profile

(seconds)

StepDuration

(seconds)

Results1) Enough power supply

FCEV at -30C2) Minimum voltage of

voltage of 30.5V afte

Cold Cranking Pulse Test Profile


22/23

Summary and Conclusions

Ultracap provides ideal solution for X-by Wire, HE

FCEV hybridized with EDLC is 10% more energy ethan battery FCEV. This comes from several aspec

- High recuperation efficiency- Faster dynamic response

- High charging/discharging efficiency of ultracap in witemperature

Feasibility study on a hybrid type ultracapacitor mtwice volumetric energy of EDLC is undergoing.

- Fairly high efficiencies in UC10 and UC50 cycle testing- Enough cold cranking power


23/23

H. Jin Song

H. Jin Song joined Nesscap in 2005. He currently overseas Nesscap's US

operations and is in charge of the automotive ultracapacitor project withUSABC. He has a doctorate degree from Columbia University and a BS fromCornell University. He has worked at IBM TJ Watson Research Center and

served as a CTO of various start-ups.

Automotive Market Perspective of Ultracapacitors[1]

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