Automation(plc&scada)

AutomationPLC & SCADA

Title and Content Layout with List

What is Automation

Impact of Automation

Automation History

Type of Automation

Introduction of PLC

Type of PLC

Introduction of SCADA

What is Automation

Automation is the use of scientific and technological principles in the manufacture of machines that take over work normally done by humans.

Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience.

Impact of Automation

It speeds up the developmental processes of the society. It increases production. Brings further technological changes like information technology. Extreme industrialization Replacement of human labor with machines. Makes life dependent on latest gadgets and equipments

In general, automation is responsible for the shift in the world economy.

Automation History

Manual Control Pneumatic Control

Hard wired logic Control

Electronic Control using Logic Gates

Programmable Logic Controller

Types of Automation

Types of Automation Applications

1.Home Automation Air Conditioner, Geyser, Washing

machine etc.

2.Office Automation FAX, Printers etc.

3.Building Automation Automatic Car Parking, Elevator etc.

4.Industrial Automation Automation in whole plant.

Home Automation

Office Automation

Building Automation

Industrial Automation

Different types of automation tools exist are:

ANN - Artificial neural network DCS - Distributed Control System HMI - Human Machine Interface SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition PLC - Programmable Logic Controller Robotics

Basic Components Of Automation

Field Sensors

Junction Box

Control Hardware and Control System

SCADA

Field Sensors

Sense the parameter and send the analog & digital signal to the control hardware

Process Variables Sensors

Temperature RTD, Thermocouple, Thermistor

Pressure Borden Tube, Bellows, Strain Gauge

Flow Pitot Tube

Displacement LVDT, RVDT

Control Hardware

Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID)

CNC

PC Based

PLC

DCS

Control hardware consist of different types of controllers which are as follows:

Application of Automation Power generationhydro, coal, gas, oil, shale, nuclear, wind, solar

Distribution electricity, water

Process paper, food, pharmaceutical, metal production and processing, glass, cement,

chemical, refinery, oil & gas

Manufacturing computer aided manufacturing (CIM)flexible fabrication, appliances, automotive, aircrafts

Storage

Building heat, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC)access control, fire, energy supply, tunnels,

parking lots, highways,....

Transportation rolling stock, street cars, sub-urban trains,

silos, elevator, harbor, retail houses, deposits, luggage handling

Transmission electricity, gas, oil

Power Plants

Thermal power plant Hydro power plant Wind power plant

Nuclear power plant Solar power

plant

examples

Programmable Logic

Controllers(PLC)

Introduction of PLC

A PLC (i.e. Programmable Logic Controller) is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control.

The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs

Basic Components of PLC

CPU

PG/PC

Output Module

Power Supply

Input Module

Input Modules

Act as interface between real-time status of process variable and the CPU.

Analog input module:

RTD (Ohm)

Thermocouple (mV)

Digital input module:

Switches

Pushbuttons

Relays

TYPES OF I/P’S

Manually operated button MECHANICALLY OPERATED SWITCHES

PHOTO ELECTRIC SWITCHProximity sensors

Output Modules

• Act as link between the CPU and the output devices in the field.

Analog output module :

Control Valve

Motor

Digital output module :

Solenoid Valves

lamps

Power Supply

• Converts the incoming voltage to a useable form for the internal

electronics

• Protects the PLC ‘s components from voltage spikes

• Operates either on 120VAC/ 240 VAC/ 24VDC

• Isolation transformer - take care of shielding from Drives, ensure

proper earthing.

Programming Interface

• Personal Computer

– Run PLC Programming Software

– It creates, edits, document, store and troubleshoot ladder diagrams, and

generates printed reports.

• Hand Held Programmer

– Mainly a troubleshooting tool.

– On factory floor you can modify, store and transfer the program to

multiple machines.

These products communicate with the PLC through a RS232

PLC Programming Standards

The open, manufacturer-independent programming standard for automation is IEC 61131-3. You can thus choose what configuration interface you wish to use when writing your application :

Ladder Diagram Statement List Instruction List Function Block Diagram Sequential Function Chart Structured Text

Represents how electrical current flows through the devices to complete an electrical circuit

Each electrical circuit in the diagram is considered a rung having two components

Ladder Logic

L1 L2PB1 Stop PB2

Start

M1 M1

Motor

Power Bus

Power Bus

Auxiliary Holding Contact

Rung

Bit Instructions

Timers

Counters

Compare Block

Mathematical Operators

TOOLS FOR LADDER PROGRAMMING

Input NC Bit

Input NO Bit

Output Bit

Binary Latch Bit

Binary Unlatch Bit

OSR Bit

BITS

The three most common instructions in ladder logic are:

Ladder Logic Instructions

Simple Relay Circuit

Circuit representation in Ladder Logic

The above circuit is represented in Ladder logic as shown in figure below (only the low voltage circuit is used in ladder logic diagrams):

Counter

IF input 4 AND input 5 have power

THEN energize output 0

| |I/4

| |I/5

( )O/0

Logical Continuity

T T T

On

Logical AND Construction

Advantages of PLCs

Reduced space Energy saving Ease of maintenance Economical Greater life & reliability Shorter project time Easier storage, archiving and documentation

SCADA(SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION)

What is meant by Data Acquisition

DA refers to the method used to access and control information or data from the equipment being controlled and monitored.

The Data accessed are then forwarded onto a telemetry system ready for being transferred to the different sites.

Data accessed can be analog and digital information gathered by sensors,

Flow-meter, Encoders or Current transformers

It also can be Control Actions for,

Actuators, Relays, Valves, Motors, etc

Why SCADA?

Previously without SCADA software, an industrial process was entirely controlled by PLC, CNC , PID & micro controllers having programmed in certain languages or codes.

These codes were either written in assembly language or relay logic without any true animation that would explain the process running.

It is always easy to understand the status of the process if it is shown with some animations rather then written codes.

Hence SCADA software came to existence and with some exclusive features it became internal part of automation system

Features of typical SCADA software

Dynamic process graphic

Real-time and Historical trending

Alarms

Recipe Management

Security

Device connectivity

Script for logic development

Database connectivity

Dynamic Process Graphics

Real-time & Historical Trends

Alarms Every plant needs proper monitoring and control of the process

parameters. Alarms represent warnings of process conditions that could

cause problems, and require an operator response

Recipe Management

The recipe management is facility used for maintain various recipes of different products and implement it on the process.

The recipe can be stored in a single server and it can be fetched by any client server from any area to run the process.

Security Every SCADA software has various levels of security for

securing the application by avoiding unauthorized access.

DIFFERENT USES OF SCADA SYSTEMS:

Mass transit: regulate electricity to subways, trams and trolley buses; to automate traffic signals for rail systems; to track and locate trains and buses; and to control railroad crossing gates.

Manufacturing: manage parts inventories for just-in-time manufacturing, regulate industrial automation and robots, and monitor process and quality control.

DIFFERENT USES OF SCADA SYSTEMS(CONTD.):

Electric power generation, transmission and distribution: Electric utilities detect current flow and line voltage, to monitor the operation of circuit breakers, and to take sections of the power grid online or offline.

Buildings, facilities and environments: Facility managers use SCADA to control HVAC, refrigeration units, lighting and entry systems.

thank you

Automation(plc&scada)

Engineering

Transcript of Automation(plc&scada)