A

SYNOPSIS

ON

“FULLY AUTOMATED TOLL TAX COLLECTION USING RF TECHNOLOGY. NO NEED TO STOP CAR ON TOLL GATE”

Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of degree in

BACHELORS OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

‘ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING’

Submitted by

Narendra Kumar Sharma (0901031056)

Lavlesh Kumar Shukla (0901031049)

Krishna Chandra Arora (0901031047)

Brijesh Kumar (0901031034)

PROJECT GUIDE

MR. VIJIT SRIVASTAVA

UNITED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH

(SESSION 2012-13)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our humble gratitude to all faculty members of Electronics & communication Engineering Department of United College of Engineering and Management for showing their interest in our project and having belief in our capabilities.

We owe special debt of gratitude to Mr. VIJIT SRIVASTAVA, our project guide for guiding us throughout the completion of this project as well as boosting our moral when in crisis. Her sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us.

We would also like to express our sincere regards to PROF. A.K. MEHROTRA, Head of Department, Electronics & Communication Department to getting us through the minor details of this project. We also thank our comrades who were always there to help us out and raise our moral.

NARENDRA KUMAR SHARMA (0901031056)

LAVLESH KUMAR SHUKLA (0901031049)

KRISHNA CHANDRA ARORA (0901031047)

BRIJESH KUMAR (0901031034)

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CONTENT

CHAPTER 1 1.1 ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….…….1

1.2INTRODUCTION……………………….……………………………….………2

CHAPTER 2 2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM………………………………………………………….…3

2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DISCRIPTION………………………………………………………………………...4

CHAPTER 3 COMPONENT USED AND DISCRIPTION…………………….…………...5

CHAPTER 4 4.1 APPLICATION…………………………………………………………….…..6

4.2 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES……………………………7

4.3 REFERENCE.………………………………………………………………….8

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CHAPTER 1

1.1 ABSTRACT

The most beneficial thing about this project is that it’s a fully automatic system which hardly

involves the use of human resources and provides good efficiency of task accomplishment ..It

provides the fully automatic control on vehicles toll tax collection system .Its initial cost is high

but no matter as it provides a good task performing capability and it’s a reliable system with

long life span. It mainly consists of microcontroller connected with a receiver section and when a

RF system based car sends a RF signal to receiver section of the toll system it recognize the bits

generated by the transmitter section of the car which is unique and then required operations are

performed on the user’s account.

Its an inspirational project which is inspired from the system that is already in use in some

developed countries such as U.S.A and Britain ,so we took this project as it can bring a great

advantage to our country.

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1.2 INTRODUCTION

This system is an active RF ID tagging system. This device can be placed at highways for identification of cars/Bus for toll tax collection, here we use RF ID tagging system, this tag is implanted in Car/Bus, when Car/Bus passing toll tax collection Barrier RF receiver is received a signal and decode signal, then microcontroller is decide the barrier is open/closed, if your tax is already pay ten barrier is open otherwise closed.

RF Transmitter has a four bit code that uniquely identifies the thing to be tracked. Automatic toll tax project is designed, using Atmel 89 series microcontroller & discrete components. Heart of the project is an RF transmitter and receiver modules, these strong powerful modules have a range of more than 30 feet’s are sufficiently enough for our project. I have designed this project as a simple implementation of the toll collection process automatically in a model form. This should not be considered as a real toll collection system which requires much more considerations, tests and huge amount of money, before they are actually put into use.

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CHAPTER 2

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

RECEIVER:

TRANSMITTER:

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ENCODER

HT12E

ENCODER

HT12ERF- TXRF- TX

RF-RXRF-RX DECODER

HT12D

DECODER

HT12D

MICROCONTROLLERMICROCONTROLLER

DISPLAY UNIT

MOTOR DRIVER

MOTOR DRIVERANTENNA

ANTENNA

MOTORMOTORBARRIERBARRIER

2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:

RF ID Transmitter system consists of a RF Tx module and an encoder IC (HT12E).This system transmits Unique Identification Code (UIC) in an encrypted manner. This device is very small in size and can be attached easily to the target. The receiver system consists of RF Rx module and a decoder IC (HT12D).The decoded data is fed into the microcontroller (89series) which processes and displays the corresponding UIC on a 16*2 LCD. If you pay toll tax already then barrier is open. If you are not pay toll tax before barrier is closed, then you pay toll at the toll center then barrier is open.

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CHAPTER 3

3.1 COMPONENTS USED AND

DISCRIPTION

The complete working of RFID based tagging system can be divided in the following blocks for easier understanding:

1. RFID TAG: This tag is essentially a RF transmitter that transmits encoded signals. It can be further classified into following parts:

UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION CODE (UIC): This part is unique for every RF Tag. It creates a unique code that is used to identify the tag when the data is read by RF reader. The UIC used here is a 4 bit data. Thus this UIC can be used for unique identification of at most 15 different things.

ENCODER : This part converts the UIC into an encrypted data that can be transmitted over RF channels. The encoder used here is HT12E which can be used to encrypt 4 bit data. The encrypted data is a serial digital signal.

TRANSMITTER : This part takes the encrypted data from transmitter and transmits it in form of Radio Frequency. The transmitter used here is ASK 315 MHz RF-TX modules.

POWER SUPPLY BLOCK : This consist a 12V power supply source and a power regulator (7805) to get 5v power supply. This 5v supply drives the transmitter and the encoder.

2. RFID RECIEVER : This reader is basically a RF receiver that receives encoded signals decodes them and displays the tag number on the displaying unit. It can be further classified into following parts:

RECIEVER: It receives the encrypted data in form of RF waves and converts it into electronic signals. The receiver used here is ASK 315 MHz RF-RX modules.

DECODER: This part decrypts the data to yield the UIC of the tag. This UIC is fed into the microcontroller. HT12D has been used here which is compatible with HT12E module. The output is the UIC of the Tag in a 4 bit format.

MICROCONTROLLER: Microcontroller takes the UIC data from the decoder. Based on this data it deciphers the source of the signal. It then displays this data and the source on the Display Unit. The microcontroller used in this project is AT89s8253.

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DISPLAY UNIT: It is 16*2 LCD that shows the Tag ID number as instructed by the microcontroller.

POWER SUPPLY BLOCK: This consist a 12V power supply source and a power regulator (7805) to get 5v power supply. This 5v supply drives the receiver, decoder microcontroller and the LCD.

MICROCONTROLLER DETAILS:

The microcontroller used here is a common 8 bit Atmel microcontroller AT89s8253.It is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with12K bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash program memory and 2K bytes of EEPROM data memory. It has 32 programmable input output lines.

FEATURES:• 12K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Program Memory– SPI Serial Interface for Program Downloading– Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles• 2K Bytes EEPROM Data Memory– Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles• 2.7V to 5.5V Operating Range• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz (in x1 and x2 Modes)• Three-level Program Memory Lock• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM• 32 Programmable I/O Lines• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters• Nine Interrupt Sources• Enhanced UART Serial Port with Framing Error Detection and Automatic Address Recognition• Enhanced SPI (Double Write/Read Buffered) Serial Interface

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KEY COMPONENTS:

TYPE COMPONENT QUANTITY

RF RECEIVER ASK 315MHZ RF-RX 1

DECODER HT12D 1

MICROCONTROLLER AT89S8253 1

DISPLAY 16*2 LCD 1

RF TRANSMITTER ASK 315MHZ RF-TX 1

ENCODER HT12E 1

OSCILLATOR 16MHZ CRYSTAL 1

POWER SUPPLY 12V BATTERY 1

POWER REGULATOR 7805 1

STEPPER MOTOR DRIVER ULN2803 1

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CHAPTER 4

4.1 APPLICATIONS

This RF ID tagging system can used to keep a track of shipping goods and vehicles in a completely automated manner. The transport vehicle can be tracked at the shipping and the receiving organization to automatically update delivery status.

These tags can be employed in cars and buses with readers placed at the toll taxes, bus stops and security checks. This modernizes the whole system of travel and saves a lot of time and money.

It can be installed at air ports to felicitate the distribution of luggage by putting up an RF-ID tag on luggage and then at the distribution counter the luggage can be easily sorted out.

4.2.1 ADVANTAGES

Modernizes the entire tracking system. It is a very user friendly and can even be used by children’s. Simple to operate and can be installed in a short time. Can be used to track virtually everything. No scope for error in detection of RF-ID tags. Facilitates quick and accurate detection and tracking is possible instantaneously. Re-usable by simply attaching the tag to some other object. Easier to manage with very less demand on man-power. It has a variable range of operation and hence it can be used at almost all places.

4.2.2 DISADVANTAGES

This device is work only for limited number of car’s i.e. 15 car. Range of transmitter and receiver is minimum. This toll tax device is not universal. Pre- paid toll tax recharge is only form of Rs 10, 20, 50 and 100.

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4.3 REFERENCE

Google.co.in Engineer.Projectworld.in Electronics for you Ayala, Kenneth J. ( 1 996), The 8051 Microcontroller ... Architecture, Implementation

and Programming, International Edition, New York: .

MICROELECTRONICS –Sedra smith.

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