Automated VehiclesOverview of Technologies

and Implications

Regional Transportation CouncilJuly 14, 2016

Thomas BamonteNorth Central Texas Council of Governments

OverviewAutomated Vehicle (AV) Technologies

1. Autonomous vehicles aka “driverless cars”

2. Connected vehicles

3. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)

4. Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)

Transportation System Implications

Obstacles to AV Deployment

Implications to DFW Region

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Mobility-Related Challenges to 2040

Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): Up 55%

Highway capacity: Up 18%

Vehicle hours in delay: Up 136%

Highway deaths: 15,000

Highway injuries: 1,000,000

Capital/operations: $120 billion

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Transportation Automation Trend

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GPS

GPS

Autonomous Vehicle: Sensing

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Autonomous Vehicle: Seeing

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Autonomous Vehicle: Mapping

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Level 0Vehicle has no automation.Driver has full control.

Level 2Vehicle integrates detection/response.Driver ready to take control.

Level 3Vehicle is autonomous. Drivertakes control in emergency.

Level 4Vehicle is self-driving.Occupants do not needability to drive.

Level 1Vehicle provides information/warnings. Driver has informed control.

NHTSA’s Levels of Automation

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How to Use the Keypads• Press the number on the keypad that corresponds to

the answer choice.• Press with the pad of your finger – not your

fingernail.• Do not push the Channel button in the bottom left.• A green light will illuminate when the answer is

received.• The answer will show briefly on the LCD screen.• When ranking answer choices, wait for the green

light to illuminate after each response before making your next selection.

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By 2040, what percentage of vehicles in use in the Dallas-Fort Worth area will be capable of fully automated driving?

1. 0%2. Less than 25%3. Between 25% and 50%4. More than 50% but less

than 100%5. 100%

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

0% 0% 0%0%0%

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Autonomous Vehicles: Near Term

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Source: Center for Transportation Research, UT Austin

Autonomous Vehicles: Long Term

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Connected Vehicle Technology

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Connected Vehicle Technology

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Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Technology

Dedicated Short-Range Vehicle Communication (DSRC)

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Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Technology

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Today’s Challenge: Safety

15,000 deaths by 2040

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5injury crashes every

HOUR

Source: TxDOT's Crash Records Information System

AV Impact: SafetyHighway safety improvement potential (fatalities per billion miles):

• Passenger Air: 0.06• Bus: 0.14• Subways/Metro Rail: 0.24• Commuter Rail/Amtrak: 0.47• Cars/Trucks: 5.75

90% of highway crashes are due to human error

Possibility of major safety gains, e.g. 50% or more highway crash reduction

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Today’s Challenge: Efficiency

Highway capacity/speeds limited by human operation

Congestion + accidents costs = $1 trillion/year (US)

Load factors• Cars ~20%• Passenger air ~80%

Sit idle 90% of the time

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AV Impact: EfficiencyVehicle platooning increases highway capacity

Smoother operation improves traffic flow

Smarter routing improves travel

Mobility services increase vehicle occupancy

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Today’s Challenge: EnvironmentAir pollution

Stormwater runoff

Land use: 4-8 parking spaces per vehicle

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AV Impact: Environment

Fewer vehicles = fewer parking lots

Vehicle sharing = higher vehicle use/occupancy

Maximized highway capacity = fewer future lane miles

AV fleets speed vehicle electrification

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Today’s Challenge: Access/Equity

Transportation a major household expense2nd largest expense for mostHardship for some

Millions unable to driveNumber increasing rapidly as Boomers age

Cost of providing mobility highParatransit trip over $25/trip

Transit service limited in some areas

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Rise of Shared Mobility

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Miles Traveled and Shared Miles Forecasts for Major Regions

AV Shared Mobility Cuts Costs

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Cost per Mile: Shared vs. Owned

AV Impact: Access/Mobility

Fleet AV cost less than private vehicle ownership

First/last mile transit enhancement

More people have access to mobility

DFW economic opportunity

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Today’s Challenge: Demand

High Demand for Mobility

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AV Impact: Demand Uncertain

More VMT?New “driving” populations Car time = productive time

Less VMT?Shift from private ownership to fleet model (Uber/Lyft)

Consumer preferences shift to walkable communities

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Challenges to AV AdoptionTechnology limitsConsumer acceptancePrivacy/cybersecurityLegal/regulatoryInfrastructure mismatch

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Who Will Lead The Way?

Freight?

Fleets?

Transit?30

Smart Cities Are Looking Ahead

USDOT Smart City Finalist

Automated Vehicles

Open/Shared Data Shared Mobility

Austin X X XColumbus (winner) X X X

Denver X X XKansas City X X XPittsburgh X X XPortland X X XSan Francisco X X X

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Preparing Region For AVs

Maintain current assets in good repair

Make transportation data accessible in real-time

Support shared mobility services

Factor AVs into planning decisions

Support AV development, e.g. IH 30 pilot test corridor

Target AVs to pursue social equity goals and economic development

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Opportunities

Well-developed transportation network

Tradition of transportation leadership

AVs could enhance region’s economic advantage

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What do you see as the primary benefits of automated vehicles? [Rank top 3 choices beginning with most beneficial]

1. Improved safety2. More mobility at

lower cost3. Reduced congestion4. Less need to

physically expand highways

5. Environmental quality

6. Other1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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What do you see as the biggest obstacles to the widespread deployment of automated vehicles? [Rank top 3 choices beginning with biggest obstacle]

1. Expense/consumer acceptance

2. Government regulation

3. Liability4. Technology issues5. Privacy concerns6. Ethics7. Other

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

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What approach should the region take with respect to automated vehicles?[Select preferred approach]1. Monitor

developments; take no action

2. Collaborate with public-sector partners

3. Encourage private-sector development

4. Position North Texas at forefront of AV development

5. Other 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

0% 0% 0%0%0%

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Next Steps

Policy guidance from RTC

Continue to advance direction

Lead collaboration with regional/state partners

Develop and execute AV program

Evaluate results and apply findings

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Contact Information

Thomas J. Bamonte, Program Managertbamonte@nctcog.org

817-704-5604Twitter: @TomBamonte