B. Tubana, R. Teal, K. Freeman, B. Arnall, B. Chung, O. Walsh, K. Lawles, C. Mack and W. Raun
Automated Calibration Stamp Technology for Improved In-Season Nitrogen Fertilization K. Freeman, R....
-
Upload
gervase-jackson -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
5
Transcript of Automated Calibration Stamp Technology for Improved In-Season Nitrogen Fertilization K. Freeman, R....
Automated Calibration Stamp Technology for Improved In-Season Nitrogen Fertilization
Automated Calibration Stamp Technology for Improved In-Season Nitrogen Fertilization
K. Freeman, R. Teal, C. Mack, K. Martin, B. Arnall, K. Desta, J. Solie, M. Stone, H. Zhang, B. Raun
K. Freeman, R. Teal, C. Mack, K. Martin, B. Arnall, K. Desta, J. Solie, M. Stone, H. Zhang, B. Raun
ReviewReview
Pre-sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) was an extension of preplant nitrate tests, in-season soil nitrate analysis was used to refine topdress rates (Bundy and Andraski, 1995).
Predicting N mineralized from soil organic matter could lead to improved N fertilizer recommendations (Cabrera and Kissel, 1988).
Mulvaney et al. (2001) found that the concentration of amino sugar N was highly correlated with check-plot yields and fertilizer N response.
Temporal variability strongly influences N supplied by soil organic matter and the demand for in-season N
Pre-sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) was an extension of preplant nitrate tests, in-season soil nitrate analysis was used to refine topdress rates (Bundy and Andraski, 1995).
Predicting N mineralized from soil organic matter could lead to improved N fertilizer recommendations (Cabrera and Kissel, 1988).
Mulvaney et al. (2001) found that the concentration of amino sugar N was highly correlated with check-plot yields and fertilizer N response.
Temporal variability strongly influences N supplied by soil organic matter and the demand for in-season N
Review (cont)Review (cont)
In many states, 33 kg N ha-1 is recommended for every 1 Mg of anticipated wheat yield (2 lb N ac-1 for every bushel of expected wheat grain yield)
This strategy explicitly places the risk of predicting the environment (good or bad year) on the farmer
Varvel et al. (1997) employed chlorophyll meter readings to calculate a sufficiency index: in-season N fertilizer applications were made when index values were below 95%.
Sufficiency index < 90% at the V8 growth stage in corn, maximum yields could not be achieved with in-season N fertilizer applications (Varvel, 1997).
In many states, 33 kg N ha-1 is recommended for every 1 Mg of anticipated wheat yield (2 lb N ac-1 for every bushel of expected wheat grain yield)
This strategy explicitly places the risk of predicting the environment (good or bad year) on the farmer
Varvel et al. (1997) employed chlorophyll meter readings to calculate a sufficiency index: in-season N fertilizer applications were made when index values were below 95%.
Sufficiency index < 90% at the V8 growth stage in corn, maximum yields could not be achieved with in-season N fertilizer applications (Varvel, 1997).
ReviewReview
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) divided by the number of days from planting to sensing used to predict mid-season winter wheat yield potential (OSU)
Response Index: N Rich Strip (sufficient nitrogen but not excess) strip and the adjacent area with the field rate of preplant applied N.
Although systems have been developed to determine midseason N fertilizer topdress recommendations, the need exists for a simple system that cereal grain producers can use to quickly estimate required N topdress rates.
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) divided by the number of days from planting to sensing used to predict mid-season winter wheat yield potential (OSU)
Response Index: N Rich Strip (sufficient nitrogen but not excess) strip and the adjacent area with the field rate of preplant applied N.
Although systems have been developed to determine midseason N fertilizer topdress recommendations, the need exists for a simple system that cereal grain producers can use to quickly estimate required N topdress rates.
Long term N-P-K Experiments(1969-2004)
Dr. Billy Tucker
Long term N-P-K Experiments(1969-2004)
Dr. Billy Tucker
Response IndexResponse Indexvariable from year to year in the same fieldvariable from year to year in the same field
Response IndexResponse Indexvariable from year to year in the same fieldvariable from year to year in the same field
1995
RI = 1.2
1995
RI = 1.2
2004
RI = 1.7
2004
RI = 1.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
Year
Gra
in y
ield
, M
g/h
a 0 kg N/ha
112 kg N/ha
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
19
71
19
73
19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
Year
Re
sp
on
se
Ind
ex Response Index
min: 1.0max: 4.1avg: 1.7
min: 1.0max: 4.1avg: 1.7
Response to Fertilizer NLong-Term Wheat Experiment
Lahoma, OK 1970-2003
Response to Fertilizer NLong-Term Wheat Experiment
Lahoma, OK 1970-2003
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
Gra
in Y
ield
, Mg
/ha
0-N kg/ha
UAN-180 kg N/ha
Response to Fertilizer N
Mead, NE, 1969-1983
Response to Fertilizer NLong-Term Corn ExperimentLong-Term Corn Experiment
Mead, NE, 1969-1983
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
Res
po
nse
Ind
ex
Prof. R.A. OlsonProf. R.A. Olson
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
2003 Honda FourTrax Foreman ES 4-wheeler (433-cc, 127-cm wheel base, 116-cm wide) with a 3-m wide spray boom and a 1-m spacing between nozzles
Modified to deliver a range of fixed N rates as urea ammonium nitrate (28 %N) within a 9-m2 grid.
9 separate 1-m2 areas Four corners receive no fertilizer N. Rates of 22, 45, 67, 90, and 112 kg N ha-1 occupy the
other 5
2003 Honda FourTrax Foreman ES 4-wheeler (433-cc, 127-cm wheel base, 116-cm wide) with a 3-m wide spray boom and a 1-m spacing between nozzles
Modified to deliver a range of fixed N rates as urea ammonium nitrate (28 %N) within a 9-m2 grid.
9 separate 1-m2 areas Four corners receive no fertilizer N. Rates of 22, 45, 67, 90, and 112 kg N ha-1 occupy the
other 5
CalibrationStampCalibrationStamp
80 80
100100
4040
00
6060
00
002020
00
lb N / acrelb N / acre
Blue Dye, 30 ml L-1
Automated Calibration StampAutomated Calibration Stamp
Pumpless pressurized spray system19L auxiliary air tank11.3L Spartanburg stainless steel tankProgrammable logic controllerRemcor solenoid valves
Winter WheatCalibration Stamp applied in DecemberVisual Interpretation in March
Winter WheatCalibration Stamp applied in DecemberVisual Interpretation in March
Topdress N rate prescribed by choosing the lowest N rate where no visual differences were observed between it and the highest rate. Topdress N rate prescribed by choosing the lowest N rate where no visual differences were observed between it and the highest rate.
DecemberDecember
MarchMarchCalibrationStampCalibrationStamp
ResultsResults
Field-specific topdress N rate prescribed by choosing the lowest N rate where no visual differences were observed between it and the highest rate.
N Rate NDVI N Rate NDVI N Rate NDVI 100 0.80 100 0.76 100 0.69
80 0.79 80 0.74 80 0.68 60 0.78 60 0.68 60 0.69 40 0.65 40 0.55 40 0.67 20 0.55 20 0.45 20 0.68 0 0.51 0 0.41 0 0.54
Field-specific topdress N rate prescribed by choosing the lowest N rate where no visual differences were observed between it and the highest rate.
N Rate NDVI N Rate NDVI N Rate NDVI 100 0.80 100 0.76 100 0.69
80 0.79 80 0.74 80 0.68 60 0.78 60 0.68 60 0.69 40 0.65 40 0.55 40 0.67 20 0.55 20 0.45 20 0.68 0 0.51 0 0.41 0 0.54
http://www.soiltesting.okstate.edu/SBNRC/SBNRC.phphttp://www.soiltesting.okstate.edu/SBNRC/SBNRC.php
www.nue.okstate.edu
N Rich Strip (J. Lawles, S. Reed)NTech Industrieswww.ntechindustries.com
N Rich Strip (J. Lawles, S. Reed)NTech Industrieswww.ntechindustries.com
SummarySummary
Calibration stamps applied preplant or soon after planting assist in providing visual interpretation of N mineralization + atmospheric N deposition from planting to the time mid-season N is applied, and improved determination of topdress N rates.
Cost: Honda 4X = $5000Tanks, Controller, Nozzles, Valves, Boom, Programming, Labor = $800
Can be used with on-line Sensor Based N Rate Calculator to improve mid-season N management
Calibration stamps applied preplant or soon after planting assist in providing visual interpretation of N mineralization + atmospheric N deposition from planting to the time mid-season N is applied, and improved determination of topdress N rates.
Cost: Honda 4X = $5000Tanks, Controller, Nozzles, Valves, Boom, Programming, Labor = $800
Can be used with on-line Sensor Based N Rate Calculator to improve mid-season N management
GreenSeeker-RedGreenSeeker-Red
Average NDVI = 0.816, standard deviation in NDVI = 0.0056Distance to target: 0.8-1.2mAverage NDVI = 0.816, standard deviation in NDVI = 0.0056Distance to target: 0.8-1.2m
>15 readings 0.4m2
+/- 0.005