Auto Fuel Policy

Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas

• Vehicular emission and fuel quality assumed greater significance with the passing of “Clean Air Amendment Act of 1990 (CAAA) by US Congress

• Rapid proliferation of gasoline/diesel vehicles since eighties and growing environmental pollution due to vehicular emission was a matter of concern and attracted serious attention of the Government

• Vehicular emission norms for new vehicles notified for first time in India in 1991 for both at manufacturing stage as well as for in-use vehicles. Idle emission norms (PUC) for on-road vehicles came into force from 1991

• Major initiatives towards vehicular emissions and auto fuel quality launched with the notification under the Environment (Protection) Act 1996

Auto Fuel Policy: Background

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• Progressively vehicular emissions and fuel quality were tightened in 1996 and 2000 Lead free gasoline for vehicles with catalytic converters

introduced in 1995 India achieved totally lead free gasoline in Feb 2000 RON of Gasoline increased from 87 to 89 in 2000 Sulphur in Gasoline reduced from 0.2 % wt to 0.1 % wt in 2000.

0.05 % wt ( 500 ppm) max sulphur for supplies to Metros Benzene in Gasoline – 3 % vol. / 5 % vol. max. (metros/others) Diesel sulphur reduced from 1.0 % wt. to 0.25 % wt. (0.05 % wt.

i.e. 500 ppm for Metros) in 2000. Diesel Cetane Number increased from 45 to 48 in 2000

Auto Fuel PolicyProgressive Improvements

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• “India 2000” vehicle emission norms equivalent to Euro-I – came into effect from year 2000

• Bharat Stage II (equivalent to Euro-II) emission norms for new cars introduced in Delhi from year 2000 and extended to other 3 metros in 2001

• Emissions norms for CNG and LPG vehicles notified in the year 2000 and 2001 respectively

In view of several recommendations given by various Ministerial Committees and intervention of the Hon’ble Supreme Court and High Courts, need for a comprehensive Government Policy on Auto Fuel was felt to avoid variance

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• The Govt. of India constituted an Expert Committee, under the chairmanship of Dr R. A. Mashelkar, DG, CSIR in September, 2001 to evolve a long term plan and road for implementation

• Terms of Reference– recommend an Auto Fuel Policy for the country including major

cities– devise a road map for its implementation– recommend suitable auto fuels and their specifications considering

availability and logistics of fuel supplies– processing economics of auto fuels– possibilities of multi-fuel use in different categories of vehicles– recommend attributes of automobile technologies– fiscal measures for ensuring minimisation of social cost of meeting

given level of environmental quality– institutional mechanisms for certification of vehicles and fuels– monitoring and enforcement measures

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Auto Fuel Policy Expert Committee

Auto Fuel Policy Roadmap for Vehicular Emission Norms

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Coverage Passenger Cars, Light Commercial Vehicles, & Heavy

Duty Diesel Vehicles

2/3 Wheelers

Entire Country Bharat Stage II - 1-4-2005(Euro II equivalent)

Bharat Stage II - 1-4-2005

Bharat Stage III - preferably from 1-4-2008 but not later than 1-4-2010

Bharat Stage III - 1-4-2010(Euro III equivalent)

11 major cities*(Delhi/NCR, Mumbai. Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur and Agra)

Bharat Stage II - 1-4-2003(Euro II equivalent)Bharat Stage III - 1-4-2005(Euro III equivalent )Bharat Stage IV * - 1-4-2010(Euro IV equivalent)

The following road map was recommended:

a) Euro-III standard auto fuels for 13 identified cities & BS-II

standard auto fuels for rest of the country w.e.f. 1.4.2005

Due to production, import & other logistics constraints, the actual

implementation was phased over six months for different states /

locations i.e. up to September 2005.

Roadmap for Fuel Quality Implementation Status

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b) BS-IV auto fuels (Gasoline/Diesel) in NCR & 13 identified cities from 01.04.2010

Implemented w.e.f. 01.04.2010 in NCR-Delhi (comprising of 108 towns, of which 17 are class I cities), Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Kanpur, Agra, Pune, Surat, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Lucknow & Sholapur

c) BS-III auto fuels (Gasoline/Diesel) in the rest of the country from 01.04.2010

As per the revised approval of the Government, implemented in a staggered manner between April 01, 2010 and September 22, 2010 due to production and logistic issues involved.

Roadmap for Fuel Quality Implementation Status

Product

Quality

Specifications Quality Specifications

Gasoline

BS-II

Sulphur- 500 ppmBenzene- 3% (Metros) & 5% (Rest)

Euro-II Sulphur- 500 ppmBenzene- 3%-5%

BS- IIISulphur– 150 ppm & Benzene – 1%

Euro- III Sulphur– 150 ppm & Benzene – 1%

BS-IV Sulphur– 50 ppm & Benzene – 1% Euro-IV Sulphur– 50 ppm &

Benzene – 1%

Diesel

BS-IISulphur– 500 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 48

Euro-IISulphur- 500 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 48

BS- IIISulphur–350 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 51

Euro- IIISulphur–350 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 51

BS-IVSulphur–50ppm & Cetane No-minimum 51

Euro-IVSulphur–50 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 51

Comparison of important specifications

Consumption Share – Diesel & Gasoline

Average monthly Consumption of BS-IV Diesel has increased from 855 TMT (2011-12) to 928 TMT (Apr-Aug 2013)

Average monthly consumption of BS-IV Gasoline has increased from 316 TMT/month (2011-12) to 353 TMT/ month (Apr-Aug 2013)

Diesel

GRADE 2011-12 Share % 2012-13 Share % 2013-14 (up to 31.08.13)

Share %

BS-IV 10.2 15.9 11.1 16.1 4.6 16.0BS-III 53.5 82.8 57.0 82.6 23.9 82.8OTHERS 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.3 1.1TOTAL 64.6 100.0 69.0 100.0 28.8 100.0

GasolineBS-IV 3.8 24.1 3.9 24.8 1.8 24.3BS-III 11.2 71.1 11.8 75.2 5.5 75.7OTHERS 0.7 4.8 0.001 0 0.001 0TOTAL 18.7 100.0 15.7 100.0 7.3 100.0

Qty. in MMT

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24.80%

75.20%

2012-13

BS-IVBS-III

24.30%

75.70%

April-August 2013BS-IV BS-III

Consumption Share (%): BS-IV Gasoline

Though share of BS-IV Gasoline has come down from 24.8% in 2012-13 to 24.3% in April-August,2013, in volume terms average monthly consumption of BS-IV Gasoline has increased from 325 TMT/month (2012-13) to 353 TMT/ month (Apr-Aug 2013).

Drop in share is because growth in consumption is more in smaller towns (BS-II) than in major towns (BS-IV) due to improved public transport (Metro service in Delhi).

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16.10%

82.60%

1.30%

2012-13

BS-IVBS-IIIOthers

16%

82.88%

1%

April-August 2013BS-IV BS-III Others

Consumption Share (%): BS-IV Diesel

Though share of BS IV Diesel has come down marginally from 16.1% in 2011-12 to 16 % in April-August,2013, in volume terms average monthly consumption of BS-IV Diesel has increased from 925 TMT/month (2012-13) to 928 TMT/ month (Apr-Aug 2013).

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Expansion of BS-IV Auto Fuels MoP&NG has decided to go beyond Auto Fuel Policy

recommendations & expand BS-IV auto fuels to 50 more cities by March 2015 with preference to most polluted cities, state capitals & cities with million plus population subject to logistics constraints

The ministry has constituted a Committee under Addl. Director, PPAC for identifying these cities, which has already identified 17 more cities.

Out of these 17 cities, BS-IV fuels have already been expanded to: 7 cities i.e. Puducherry, Mathura, Vapi, Jamnagar,

Ankleshwar, Hissar & Bharatpur in 2011-12. 6 cities i.e. Silvasa, Daman, Diu, Aligarh, Rae Bareilly &

Unnao in April to October 2012. 4 cities i.e. Karnal, Kurukshetra, Yamunanagar & Valsad on

01.03.2013. 13

Future Plans for BS-IV fuels extension

The Committee has identified following 15 cities for implementation in 2013-14 subject to logistics: Nizamabad, Medak , Mehboobnagar in Andhra Pradesh

(3 cities) – already introduced on 05.07.2013 Panjim, Vasco, Madgaon, Mapusa & Ponda in Goa (5

cities) Ahmed Nagar & Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra (2

cities) Kosikalan & Vrindaban in Uttar Pradesh (2 cities) Dholpur & Hindaun in Rajasthan (2 cities) Kochi in Kerala (1 City)

The remaining 18 cities shall be identified during 2013-14 to complete target of 50 cities by March 2015.

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Million Plus Population Cities / Urban Agglomerates

As per census data for 2011, there are 51 cities / Urban Agglomerates with population of million or more.

There were only 35 such cities & Urban Agglomerates (UA) as per census data for 2001.

The largest City / UA as per latest data is Greater Mumbai in Maharashtra with a population of 18.4 millions followed by Delhi (16.3 millions) & Kolkata (14.1 millions)

The smallest City / UA to enter the list is Kota in Rajasthan with a population of 10,01,365, just above one million mark. Details

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Recommendations of Auto Fuel Policy - Status

Recommendations w.r.t. BS-III/IV auto fuels more than achieved

Oil industry has invested over Rs 35,000 crore (US $ 7 billion) in upgrading facilities in refineries for production of BS-III/IV auto fuels.

CNG extended to more than 60 cities and Auto LPG expanded to 270 cities

Minimum 5 % blending of Ethanol is gasoline has been made mandatory

Development of bio fuels / diesel from non-edible oil (Jatropha) has been taken up in big way

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Recommendations of Auto Fuel Policy - Status

Following major recommendations yet to be implemented in respect of in-use vehicles :Inspection & Maintenance system in 11 major cities

and further extension to entire countryReplacement of existing PUC system for analysing 4

vehicular exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, CO2)On Board Diagnostic System (OBD) in new vehiclesRetro-fitment of after treatment devices for reduced

emissionsMandatory performance checking of catalytic

converters

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Auto Fuel Policy – Impact AnalysisCPCB Source Apportionment Study – Broad Conclusions

• Air quality in urban areas are affected by a variety of complex source mix

• PM pollution problem is significant and NO2 is the emerging

pollutant. Both require immediate attention to control their emissions

• Levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in the ambient air are significantly high irrespective of the type of locations

• Standards of SPM, PM10, PM2.5 exceeded at almost all locations and in all seasons

• Even background locations indicate considerable levels of particulates, which could be occurring naturally and/or due transport of finer dust

• Concentration of pollutants are relatively higher at kerbside/ roadside locations

• Vehicles contribution at kerbside locations are much higher

• NO2 is emerging pollutant

• O3 is not of much concern

• Morning and evening peaks in CO levels corresponding to vehicular movement

• Significant sources of particulate pollution from soil and road dust

Auto Fuel Policy – Impact AnalysisCPCB Source Apportionment Study – Broad Conclusions

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• Road dust – prominent source contributing to coarser fraction of PM10

• Combustion sources including vehicles, DG sets, refuse burning etc emit particles in the finer size (< PM2.5)

• Significant quantities of SO4 and NO3 in PM10 indicates important

contribution of secondary particles

• Within transport sector, PM10 contribution in terms of emission load is mainly from heavy duty diesel vehicles.

• Heavy duty vehicles are major contributor of NOx emission• Re-suspension of road dust and combustion sources including

vehicles, refuse burning & DG sets emerge as prominent sources of PM in all cities

Auto Fuel Policy – Impact AnalysisCPCB Source Apportionment Study – Broad Conclusions

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Gap in Fuel Quality• Indian auto fuel specifications versus specs in various

countries such as Asia- Pacific region, European Union(EU), USA, indicate the following:– Indian specifications are better / at par with most Asian

countries.– Indian specifications are at par with BRICS countries and

moving at similar direction– Gap between Indian specifications and that of USA, EU,

Japan, South Korea is reducingClean Development Initiatives

Fuel Quality ImprovementsBio Fuel Program (Ethanol, Bio Diesel)Emission reduction through gas substitution (CNG)Energy Efficiency Improvements

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Auto Fuel Vision & Policy 2025

Recommend roadmap for auto fuel quality till 2025 for the country, taking into account achievement under the last Auto Fuel Policy, emission reduction of in-use vehicles, growth of vehicles and supply and availability of fuels

Recommend suitable mix of auto fuels including gas and its specifications considering :a) availability of infrastructure and logistics of fuel suppliesb) processing economics of auto fuelsc) improvement in quality of fuel vis-à-vis improvement in vehicle

engine technologyRecommend vehicular emission norms for various categories of vehicles

and roadmap for their implementation.Recommend use of alternate fuels to minimise impact on environmentRecommend fiscal measures for funding requisite upgradation of oil

refineries, logistics and removal of inter-fuel pricing distortions22

Terms of Reference

Thanks

Status of Euro-IV in State CapitalsS.NO. STATE CAPITAL

BS IV IMPLEMENTE

DS.NO. STATE / UT CAPITAL BS IV

IMPLEMENTED

1 Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad YES 19 Nagaland Kohima NO

2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar NO 20 NCT of Delhi Delhi YES

3 Assam Dispur NO 21 Orissa Bhubaneswar NO

4 Bihar Patna NO 22 Puducherry Puducherry YES

5 Chhattisgarh Raipur NO 23 Punjab Chandigarh NO

6 Goa Panaji NO 24 Rajasthan Jaipur NO7 Gujarat Gandhi Nagar YES 25 Sikkim Gangtok NO8 Haryana Chandigarh NO 26 Tamil Nadu Chennai YES

9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla NO 27 Tripura Agartala NO

10 J&K Srinagar /Jammu NO 28 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow YES

11 Jharkhand Ranchi NO 29 Uttrakhand Dehradun NO12 Karnataka Bengaluru YES 30 West Bengal Kolkata YES

13 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram NO 31 Andaman and

Nicobar Port Blair NO

14 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal NO 32 Chandigarh Chandigar

h NO

15 Maharashtra Mumbai/ Nagpur YES 33 Dadra and Nagar

Haveli Silvassa YES

16 Manipur Imphal NO 34 Daman and Diu Daman YES17 Meghalaya Shillong NO 35 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NO18 Mizoram Aizawl NO

24BS-IV Auto fuels have been expanded to 11 State Capitals.

State Name Name of Urban Agglomeration/City

BS-IV Population State Name Name of Urban Agglomeration/City

BS-IV Population Millions Millions

MAHARASHTRA Greater Mumbai UA Yes 18.4 PUNJAB Ludhiana (M Corp.) No 1.6NCT OF DELHI Delhi UA Yes 16.3 MAHARASHTRA Nasik UA No 1.6WEST BENGAL Kolkata UA Yes 14.1 ANDHRA

PRADESH Vijayawada UA No 1.5TAMIL NADU Chennai UA Yes 8.7 TAMIL NADU `Madurai UA No 1.5KARNATAKA BANGALORE UA Yes 8.5 UTTAR PRADESH Varanasi UA No 1.4ANDHRA PRADESH Hyderabad UA Yes 7.7 UTTAR PRADESH Meerut UA Yes 1.4GUJARAT Ahmadabad UA Yes 6.4 HARYANA Faridabad (M Corp.) Yes 1.4MAHARASHTRA Pune UA Yes 5.0 GUJARAT Rajkot UA No 1.4GUJARAT Surat UA Yes 4.6 JHARKHAND Jamshedpur UA No 1.3RAJASTHAN Jaipur (M Corp.) No 3.1 JAMMU &

KASHMIR Srinagar UA No 1.3UTTAR PRADESH Kanpur UA Yes 2.9 MADHYA

PRADESH Jabalpur UA No 1.3UTTAR PRADESH Lucknow UA Yes 2.9 WEST BENGAL Asansol UA No 1.2MAHARASHTRA Nagpur UA No 2.5 MAHARASHTRA Vasai Virar City (M

Corp.) No 1.2UTTAR PRADESH Ghaziabad UA Yes 2.4 UTTAR PRADESH Allahabad UA No 1.2MADHYA PRADESH Indore UA No 2.2 JHARKHAND Dhanbad UA No 1.2TAMIL NADU Coimbatore UA No 2.2 MAHARASHTRA Aurangabad UA No 1.2KERALA Kochi UA No 2.1 PUNJAB Amritsar UA No 1.2BIHAR Patna UA No 2.0 RAJASTHAN Jodhpur UA No 1.1KERALA Kozhikode UA No 2.0 JHARKHAND Ranchi UA No 1.1MADHYA PRADESH Bhopal UA No 1.9 CHHATTISGARH Raipur UA No 1.1KERALA Thrissur UA No 1.9 KERALA Kollam UA No 1.1GUJARAT Vadodara UA No 1.8 MADHYA

PRADESH Gwalior UA No 1.1UTTAR PRADESH Agra UA Yes 1.7 CHHATTISGARH Durg-Bhilainagar UA No 1.1ANDHRA PRADESH GVMC (MC) No 1.7 CHANDIGARH Chandigarh UA No 1.0KERALA Malappuram UA No 1.7 TAMIL NADU Tiruchirappalli UA No 1.0KERALA Thiruvananthapura

m UA No 1.7 RAJASTHAN Kota (M Corp.) No 1.0KERALA Kannur UA No 1.6        

25BS-IV Auto fuels have been expanded to 15 “million plus”

cities.

Million plus Cities (2011)

Polluted Cities on RSPM: As Per MoEF (Feb. 2009)

Rank City

BS-IV implementation Rank City

BS-IV implementation

1 Gobindgarh No 26 Meerut Yes2 Ludhiana No 27 Hissar Yes3 Khurja No 28 Varanasi No4 Khanna No 29 Asansol No5 kanpur Yes 30 Pune Yes6 Lucknow Yes 31 Indore No7 Jharia No 32 Dhanbad No8 Firozabad No 33 Jabalpur No9 Chandrapur No 34 Dehradun No10 Agra Yes 35 Jamnagar Yes11 Jamshedpur No 36 Howrah No12 Gwalior No 37 Rourkela No13 Jhansi No 38 Korba No14 Noida Yes 39 Guwahati No15 Delhi Yes 40 Nagpur No16 Jalandhar No 41 Kolkata Yes17 Faridabad Yes 42 Jaipur No18 Hubli-Dharwad No 43 Ujjain No19 Ranchi No 44 Visakhapatnam No20 Jodhpur No 45 Sholapur No21 Alwar No 46 Naya Nangal No22 Raipur No 47 Chandigarh No23 Patna No 48 Mumbai Yes24 Satna No 49 Sibsagar No25 Kota No 50 Ankleshwar Yes

Source: Industry

26BS-IV Auto fuels have been expanded to 13 polluted cities.