Autism and Behaviour Luke Beardon. Autism and Behaviour Behaviour always makes sense Behaviour...
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Transcript of Autism and Behaviour Luke Beardon. Autism and Behaviour Behaviour always makes sense Behaviour...
Autism and Autism and BehaviourBehaviour
Luke BeardonLuke Beardon
Autism and BehaviourAutism and Behaviour
Behaviour always makes senseBehaviour always makes sense Why wouldn't you?Why wouldn't you? Challenging behaviour challenges Challenging behaviour challenges
others - not the person with autismothers - not the person with autism Is it really that bad?Is it really that bad?
Possible CausesPossible Causes
It's funIt's fun Form of communicationForm of communication FrustrationFrustration Lack of control / no Lack of control / no perceivedperceived
alternativealternative Lack of global stabilityLack of global stability SensorySensory
Autism and DysphoriaAutism and Dysphoria
High levels of anxiety – as normHigh levels of anxiety – as norm Increased anxiety states for specific Increased anxiety states for specific
reasonsreasons Global levels of high anxiety due to Global levels of high anxiety due to
environmental factorsenvironmental factors Possible as high as 90% of Possible as high as 90% of
individuals have a recognisable individuals have a recognisable anxiety disorderanxiety disorder
Secondary Psychiatric Secondary Psychiatric DisordersDisorders
Not a primary mental illnessNot a primary mental illness Result of environmental factors Result of environmental factors High level in people with Autism High level in people with Autism
compared to peer groupscompared to peer groups Better support should lead to a Better support should lead to a
better prognosis and reduction in better prognosis and reduction in secondary conditionssecondary conditions
Direct learning vs Indirect learning
Examples of indirect learning / development:
Theory of Mind
Social skills
Social cues
Non verbal communication
Learning ProcessesLearning Processes
◈Accurate interpretation
◈Metaphor / sarcasm / irony
◈Need for accuracy / lack of tautology
◈Echolalia / palilalia / delayed echolalia
◈Delayed processing
◈Expressive vs receptive skills
Verbal CommunicationVerbal Communication
◈Prosody
◈Facial expression
◈Body posture
◈Inference
◈Contextual information
Non Verbal CommunicationNon Verbal Communication
◈Recognising the ‘unwritten rules’
◈Assessing situations
◈Reacting appropriately to the PNT social circumstance
◈Adapting social skills to the PNT situation
Social SkillsSocial Skills
◈Alexithymia
◈Mentalising abilities
◈Empathy
◈Trust
◈Appearance of rudeness
Theory of MindTheory of Mind
◈Planning
◈Impulse control
◈Sequencing
◈Scripting
Executive FunctioningExecutive Functioning
◈ Identifying the pattern or underlying rules
◈ Attention to detail
◈ Knowing what is relevant and redundant
◈ Recognising the 'big picture'
Central CoherenceCentral Coherence
OBSESSIONSOBSESSIONS
◈ Can be socially inappropriate
◈ Need boundaries around obsessive behaviour
◈ Must recognise that obsessive behaviours can be used as coping mechanisms
◈ Obsessions may be misinterpreted
Sensory Sensory DifferencesDifferences
◈ Neuro-physiological differences in Neuro-physiological differences in
filtering processesfiltering processes
◈ Can have major impact on Can have major impact on
behaviourbehaviour
◈ Environmental aspects can Environmental aspects can
influenceinfluence
Hypothesis - resistance to change
Individuals with Autism have Individuals with Autism have significantly lower ‘stability rates’ in significantly lower ‘stability rates’ in
their day to day lives than the their day to day lives than the neurotypicalneurotypical
This may lead, in part, to an explanation of
‘resistance to change’
Dependent on:
Communication
Understanding other people
Social awareness
Predictability
Fulfilled expectations
Shared sensory environment
StabilityStability
Autism and Resistance to Change
1
2
Neurotypical 24 Hour Period
Stable
Unstable
BullyingBullying
Individuals with Autism are highly Individuals with Autism are highly vulnerable:vulnerable:– don't 'fit in'don't 'fit in'– will not necessarily follow traditional will not necessarily follow traditional
social convention (fashion, etc.)social convention (fashion, etc.)– problems with adhering to social rules problems with adhering to social rules
within society (classroom, playtime, within society (classroom, playtime, employment, social arenas, etc.)employment, social arenas, etc.)
– communication problemscommunication problems– poor PNT ToMpoor PNT ToM
Ethics, Morality, and Ethics, Morality, and NormalisationNormalisation
It is essential that individuals with Autism are
treated with respect for their way of thinking and
behaving, and that ‘normal’ value bases are not enforced upon them
ContactContactDr Luke BeardonDr Luke BeardonSenior lecturer in AutismSenior lecturer in AutismThe Autism CentreThe Autism CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffield Hallam [email protected]@shu.ac.uk