Australian Alps Liaison Committee/IUCN WCPA Mountains Initiative · 2013. 12. 4. · MEE and...

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AustralianAlpsLiaisonCommittee/IUCNWCPAMountainsInitiativeAlbury12thJune2012

Professor Marc Hockings School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management University of Queensland Vice-Chair, IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas

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InternationalContext 2010BiodiversityIndicatorResults

CoverageofProtectedAreas1911‐2011

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MEEandEvidence‐baseddecisionmaking

• Questionsoverqualitativeassessments• thestatusof“expert”knowledge

• (justanopinionsurvey)• shiftingbaselines,• framingandanchoringeffects

• bias(managerstellthemselves/donorswhattheywanttohear)

• Internalvsexternalvalidity• RelationshipbetweenMEEandmonitoring• Movetowardsevidence‐baseddecisionmaking(derivedfrommedicine)• Whatformofevidenceisappropriate(legalormedicalmodel)

Theissueofevidence


• People(especiallybiophysicalscientists)oftenpreferquantitativedata• botharesubjecttoepistemicandlinguisticuncertainty• statisticsisusedataddressepistemicuncertaintywithquantitativedata• otherapproachesneededforqualitativedataelicitedfromexperts(controlframing,useofmultipleexperts)• issueofvalidityofthemeasure(Internalandexternalvalidity)• notaquestionofeither/orbutwhichsuitsthecase(Mixedmethodsapproaches)

QuantitativeandQualitativeevidence

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• Howtodecidewhethertousequantitativeorqualitativedata?

• subjectmatter• scaleandtimeframe• availableresourcesanddata• risk

QuantitativeandQualitativeevidence

QualitativeandQuantitativedata

• Itisnormallypossibletoassessanyaspectofmanagementusingeitherquantitativeorqualitativeindicatorsbutsomesuitonedatatypeortheother• Quantitative–biophysicalandeconomicvalues,threats,statusofthesevaluesandthreats,outputindicators(allthesetendtorequirelong‐termmonitoring)• Qualitative–socialandculturalvalues,stakeholderrelations,appropriatenessofmanagementprocesses

SubjectMatter

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• Evaluationsatsitelevelcanincludemoredetailedresults(eitherqualitativeorquantitativefrommonitoringprograms)• Largescale,multi‐siteevaluationsaremorelikelytorelyonqualitativedata(espwherequantitativedataavailabilityvariesacrosssites)• One‐offevaluationsaremorelikelytorelyonqualitativedata

ScaleandTimeFrame


• Resourcesformonitoringandevaluationoftenseverelyconstrained• Continuityandsustainabilityarekeyissues• Quantitativedatafrommonitoringoftenmoreexpensivethanqualitative,expertdrivenassessments• Butneedtoinvestingoodprocess,evenforqualitativeassessments

Availableresourcesanddata

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• Thehighertherisk,themorethatshouldbeinvestedinensuringhighqualitydataasevidence• Risk/consequenceincreasesas:

• thevaluesofthesiteincrease(eg.siteswithsignificantpopulationofthreatenedspecies);• public/politicalsensitivityofthesiteincrease• significanceofdecisionsarisingformtheevaluationincreases• uncertaintyorignoranceincreases

Risk/consequence


• Reducelinguisticuncertaintyandframingerrorsbyclearlyspecifyterms,scalesandtimeframesforassessment• Incorporatea“chainofevidence”aspartoftheassessmentprocesswhereverpossible• Trainstaffandstakeholdersintheassessmentprocess–emphasisingtheroleofevidenceintheevaluation

Improvingdataquality

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• ClarifypurposeofMEEandhowresultswillbeused• Identifykeyinternalandexternalstakeholdersandinvolvethemindevelopmentprocess• Adopt,adaptordevelopevaluationsystem

• considerscale,depth,integrationintomanagementsystems• selectindicatorsandassessmentprocess(considerthenatureofthedatatobeused)• considercriticalissuesandappropriatemanagementstandardsandreflecttheseinMEEsystem

MEEprocessanddataqualityandutility


• Assembleevidenceinadvanceoftheassessment• Requiredocumentationofevidenceinsupportoftheassessment• Valueofgroupassessment(esp.withspecialistsfromdifferentdisciplinaryareas)• Valueofinvolvingstakeholders• Peerreview• Audit,auditaudit

Improvingdataquality

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• Presentationofresultstostaffandstakeholders• Availabilityofdataandanalysestostaff• Integrationwithplanning,workprogrammingandbudgetingsystems• Identificationofpolicyandprogramresponses• Preparationofreports

• consideraudiencesandrelevantcontent

Usingtheresults

CaseStudies

•  WorldHeritage

•  StateoftheParks

•  GBRMPOutlook

•  BiodiversityOutcomesStudy

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EnhancingourHeritageProject

•  Strongdesireforevidence‐basedassessment(espgivenpoliticalcontextofassessment)

•  Moderate/extensivebiophysicalandsocio‐economicmonitoringdataavailablefromCharlesDarwinResearchStationandresearchstudies

•  Consistentassessmentsystemacrossallindicatorsandresultspresentedinunderstandableform

GalapagosMarineReserve

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IntegridadEcologica

Condi:onofecosystemsinsubzonesoftheGMR

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•  Strongdesireforevidence‐basedassessment(espgivenpoliticalcontextofassessment)

•  Moderate/extensivebiophysicalandsocio‐economicmonitoringdataavailablefromCharlesDarwinResearchStationandresearchstudies

•  Consistentassessmentsystemacrossallindicatorsandresultspresentedinunderstandableform

•  Communityandstakeholderworkshops•  Extensiveliteraturereviewtoincorporate

researchresults•  Longtimeframe(>12months)

GalapagosMarineReserve

StateofParksStateoftheParkdatausedinassessments(NSW)

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StateoftheParks Evidencevariesaccordingtotopic

StateoftheParks

• ConductedinallNationalParksevery2years• Short,mediumandlongtermcomponents• Assessmentpreparationwithfocusoncompilationandexaminationofrelevantevidencetosupporttheassessment• Workshopprocessthatfocussesonpresentationandconsiderationofevidence(over2days)• Systemlevelassessmentconductedbyexternalreviewteamin2010/11• Linkedtoprogramdevelopmentandworkplanningandmanagementplanning

AEMAPPS,Colombia

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AWHACPresentation11thAugust,2010

GreatBarrierReefMarinePark

OutlookReport

ManagementEffectiveness


OutlookReportStructure1.  CurrenthealthoftheecosystemwithintheGreatBarrier

ReefRegionandoftheecosystemoutsidethatregiontotheextentitaffectsthatregion;

2.  Currentbiodiversity;3.  Commercialandnon‐commercialuse;4.  Riskstotheecosystem;5.  Currentresilienceoftheecosystem6.  Existingmeasurestoprotectandmanagetheecosystem;7.  Factorsinfluencingthecurrentandprojectedfuture

environmental,economicandsocialvalues;8.  Long‐termoutlookfortheecosystem;

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•  biodiversityprotection•  heritage

•  waterquality

•  climatechange

•  coastaldevelopment

•  commercialmarinetourism

•  defence•  fishing(commercialand

recreational)•  portsandshipping•  recreation(notincluding

fishing)•  scientificresearch•  traditionaluseofmarine

resources

Managementtopics


AssessmentProcess

1.  Assessmentcriteria(48)developedinconsultationwithGBRMPA–basedonWCPAManagementEffectivenessFramework

2.  Capacityto“roll‐up”assessmentsbyissueorevaluationtopic

3.  EvidencebaseassembledbyGBRMPAandstakeholders

4.  ParticipationinOutlookworkshop5.  Draftassessmentbyindependent

assessors6.  Reviewofdraftassessmentwith

agencystaffandstakeholders7.  Revisionofassessment8.  Reportdeveloped

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DistinctivefeaturesofOutlook•  Evidence‐based•  Chainofevidencetransparent•  On‐lineinformationbase•  Peerreview

WCPA-SSC Joint Task Force on Biodiversity and Protected Areas

Stephen Woodley and Thomas Brooks Co-Chairs, Joint Task Force on Biodiversity and Protected Areas

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BiodiversityOutcomes Systematicreview

Population HabitatContinent Studies Effective Studies EffectiveAfrica 18 14 13 9

Asia 8 5 10 8

Europe 5 3 2 2

LatinAmerica

3 3 25 24

NorthAmerica

5 3 1 1

Oceania 2 1 1 1

Global 0 0 5 5

Total 41 29 57 50

BiodiversityOutcomes Systematicreview

t

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BiodiversityOutcomes SystematicReview

PreviousstudiesEcosystemlevelanalyses‐80%increasedorstable

Bruner et al. (2001)

Science

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Previousstudies

Thechangeinpercentcoralcoverfrom2004to2005insideandoutsideofMPAs(SeligandBruno,2010)

Previousstudies Reducingtherateofloss

Butchart et al 2012

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BiodiversityandPAOutcomesTaskForce

• PopulationtimeseriesfromLivingPlanetIndex,IanCraigie,MeganBarnesandJonasGeldmannandtheTaskForce• Morethan4800populationtimeseriesfromPAsassembled• Assembledlargedatasetofpotentialpredictorvariables(PAandlandscapeattributes,PAmanagementvariables,socio‐economicvariables)• ModellingofthedatasetwillfollowmethodsdevelopedbyCraigie(2010)• Resultsavailablesoon???

Globalanalysisofpopulationtimeseries

• ManagementEffectiveness• DrFionaLeverington(UQ)• DrLaurenCoad(UniversityofOxford)• WCPAManagementEffectivenessSpecialistGroup

• StateoftheParks• PeterStathis,AndrewGrowcock,TonyVarcoe,KellyRaymondandstafffromNSWParksandWildlifeandParksVictoria• CarlyCook

• SystematicReview• JonasGeldman(UnivofCopenhagen)• MeganBarnes(UQ)• DrIanCraigie(JCU)• ProfNeilBurgess(UnivofCopenhagen)

• BiodiversityOutcomes• DrStephenWoodleyandIUCN/SSCTaskForce• DrIanCraigie,MeganBarnes,JonasGeldman,LukeHarrison

• BiodiversityTargetandIBA/AZEanalysis• DrStuartButchart,DrJornScharlemannandacastofdozens

Acknowledgement

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IntroductiontoMEE

Thank‐you

Questions

Australian Alps Liaison Committee/IUCN WCPA Mountains Initiative · 2013. 12. 4. · MEE and...

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