Aushadha sevana

Aushadha Sevana (Applied Medicinal Intake)

Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/



Introduction• Success in Medical practice depends upon, 4

factors viz. Patient, Physician, Assistant & Medicine

• The Medicinal action differ by –– Selected Medicine– Route selection – Type of administration– Time of administration

• Present context is with the time of drug administration in Medicinal Intake

• The intake could be of many ways – ingestion, inhalation, consumption, uptake, inletting, etc.

Chikitsa Chatushpada• For the successful management of a

disease – we require 4 factors, viz. Physician (Bhishak), Medicine (Dravya), Assistant (Upastata) & Patient (Rogi)

• Even though rest of 3 are suitable – with out proper mediciene – they become Incomplete & Incompatible

• The best medicine bears the qualities of – Abundance (Bahuta), Disease targeted (Yogyatwam), Available in multiple forms (Anekavidhakalpana) & Best quality (Sampat)



• BD and TDS are the western method but not the Ayurvedic

• Ayurveda prescribes the medicine carefully looking at Agni, Rutu, Aharakala and many more

• The triads made in Chikitsa Chatushpada –– Physician- Medicine – Patient = direct

medication method = prescription – Physician- Patient – Assistant =

procedural method = Panchakarma– Physician- Medicine – Assistant = remote

medication method = Radio treatment – All these three methods yield successful

management of diseases



Chiki

tsaCh

atus

hpad

a

Aushadha - Medicine • Medicine is defined as - something that treats or

prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease• A medicine or Procedure that subsides one and

develops another is not the best. Always we have to select such medicine or procedure which doesn’t aggravate a diseases with suppressing the disease for which it is used. AH Su 13/16

• Aushadha is a synonym of Chikitsa (Treatment) defines as – developed from herbs to be good in a disease state based upon the symptoms – Cha Chi 1-1/3

• The Bheshaja Aushadha is of two types – Swasta Aushadha (Rasayana, Vajikarana) & Atura Aushadha (Rogaharam)



Kaala• Kaala vitiates the Dosha and heals with it in due

course• Kaalakrita Bala is classified as Rutu vibhagajam

(Adana-Visarga) & Vayahkritam - Ch Su 11/37

• Kaala is Divine (represents the GOD) – it is also said as the transformation

• The Transformation in the sense - from Health to Disease and vice versa



• MüÉsÉÉãÌWû

pÉaÉuÉÉlÉç• MüÉsÉÇ

mÉÑlÉ: mÉËUhÉÉqÉ

EcrÉiÉã

– cÉ

xÉÔ

11/42

Typology • Medicinal Intake methods are mainly two –– 1)taken by patient – 2)given by physician

• Many Authors explained Medicinal Intake methods are –– 6 types by Charaka [ChaChi

30/293-307]– 5 types by Sharngadhara [SS 1-

2/2-3] – 10 types by Susruta [Su Ut

64/56-64], – 10 types by Vagbhata (AH) [AH

Su 13/37-41]– 11 types by Astanga Sangraha

[AS Su 23/13]



Charaka – Typology• Charaka described 6 Types of Medicinal intake

methods, but generally considered Aushadha Sub-category as Aushadhakala [Cha Chi 30/293-307]

1. Dina Kaala (day time)2. Atura Kaala (patient oriented time)3. Aushadha Kaala (medicinal time)4. Vyadhi kaala (Disease times)5. Jeerna Kaala (Digested state)6. Rutu kaala (seasonal times)



Charaka – Typology :: Dina Kaala (day time) • Dina Kaala is practiced for the

procedurals medicinal intake rather than oral route – they are

– Pratah [4-6AM] – morning = Akshitarpana– Poorvahna [6AM-11AM] – before afternoon =

Vamana, Virechana, Niroohavasti (SuChi38/3)– Madhyahna [12-1PM] – at Noon (after meals)

= Anuvasana vasti– Sayam [6-8PM] – evening = Akshitarpana,

Niroohavasti (SuChi38/3)– Muhurmuhu [Any time] – repeated times =

Nasya (SuChi40/50, AHSu 20/28-29)• It is preferred and prescribed in Ayurveda

to practice Abhyanga after the bath & Niruhavasi after the digestion of food



4 AM

Brahmi Muhurta

8 PMNishi

6 AM

6 PM

12 NOON

Akshi Tarpana

Abhyanga, sweda etc BahyakarmaVamana, Virechana, Nirooha vasti

Anuvasana Vasti

* Nasya

Akshi Tarpana

11AM

1PM

Nirooha Vasti

Charaka – Typology :: Atura Kaala (patient oriented time)

This selection time is based upon the strength of the patient in relation with food

– the strong (Bala) patient is advised medicine before food in the Pratah (Morning)

– the weak (Durbala) patient advised medicine with food (Ahara Pravicharana) – it is practiced twice with Bhojanakaala



4 AM

Brahmi Muhurta

8 PMNishi

6 AM

6 PM

12 NOON

11AM

1PM

Balavan = Pratah -

Abhojana

Durbala – Ahara Pravicha

rana

Charaka – Typology :: Aushadha Kaala (medicinal time)1

• All the 10 are said in relation with food only

1. Bhakta Samyuktam (Medicine cooked with food)

2. Diva Bhakta adi (at starting day food course)3. Grasa (with bolus) 4. Samudga (Medicine in between food)5. Grasantara (in between bolus)6. Bhakata madhya (at middle of food course)7. Diva Bhakta Paschat (after food course in day)8. Ratri Bhakta adi (at starting night food course)9. Ratri Bhakta Paschat (after food course in

night)10. Muhurmuhu (Repeatedly)



4 AM

Brahmi Muhurta

8 PMNishi

6 AM

6 PM

12 NOON

@11 AM

@1 PM

@5 PM

@7 PM

Charaka – Typology :: Aushadha Kaala (medicinal time)2

• Here Charaka followed 5 Vata classification in relation to meals – not specified whether it is in the day or night

1. Pratah (on empty stomach) for Vyanavata vitiation

2. Bhojana Poorvam (Before Food) for Apanavata vitiation

3. Bhojana Madhyam (in the middle of meals) for Samanavata vitiation

4. Bhojanantara (after meals) for Udanavata vitiation 5. Grasa-Grasa (with every bolus) for Pranavata

vitiation



4 AM

Brahmi Muhurta

8 PMNishi

6 AM

6 PM

12 NOON

Charaka – Typology :: Vyadhi kaala (Disease times)

• Vydhi avasta to determine is difficult – but to say its genesis & relation to time is easy

• Disease genesis is based upon 4 – viz. Dina (Day), Ratri (Night), Vayah (Age) & Bhojana kaala (Food time) – from beginning to the end as Kapah (Adi) – Pitta (Madhya) – Vata (Antya)

• Sequential presentation of medicines and foods as in Jwara – Peya – Kashaya – Ksheera – Ghrita - Virechana




4 AM

Bra

hmi

Muh

urta

8 PM6 AM 6 PMRatri Bhojana

12 NOONDina Bhojana


Kapha

Pitta

Vata

Vayah

Balya

Yava

naVa

rdha

kya

Nishi

Kap

ha

Pitta

Vata

Kap

ha

Pitta

Vata

Kapha Pitta Vata

Kap

haPi

ttaVa

ta

4 AM

6 Fold 12 Factors of Ashana Pravichara [SuUt64/56-64]

• Looking at the mere time and Dosha is not sufficient to get disease pacified

• We require Ashana Pravichara along with medicine to fortify the medicinal effect – Susruta suggest 6 fold 12 variant Food eating methods– 1) Sheeta / Ushna– 2) Snigdha / Rooksha– 3) Drava / Shushka– 4) Ekakalika / dwikalika– 5) Yukatamatra / Heena dosha– 6) Dosha prashamana / Vutyardham (Shareera

Vruddhi)



Sheeta / Ushna

• Sheeta Ahara / Aushadha is given for the patients who has – Trushna (thirst), Daha arta (burning sensation), Ushna (hot), Mada (alcoholic), Visha (toxic), Raktapitta (bleeding), Moorcha (unconscious), Sukra ksheena (oligozospermia), etc

• Ushna Ahara / Aushadha is given for – in Sneha pana (fatty consumers), Virikta (after purgation), Kapha & Vata diseases, Praklinna deha (watery body), etc



Snigdha / Rooksha

• Snigdha (unctuous) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – vata disease, Rooksha (dry body), Vyayami (athlete), Vyavaya soshi (weak after sex), etc

• Rooksha (un-unctuous) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – Medaska (fatty), Sthoola (obese), Meha (diabetic), Kapha deha (Kapha body type), etc



Drava / Shushka

• Drava (fluid) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – Pipasa (thirsty), Sushka (dry body), Durbala (weak), etc

• Snigdha (dry) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – praklinna deha (sweating body – usually diabetic), Vrani (wounded), etc



Ekakalika / dwikalika

• Ekakalika (once in day) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – durbalagni [people with poor digestion] – it makes the kindling of the digestive fire

• Dwikalika (twice in day) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – samana [people with good digestion]



Yukatamatra / Heena dosha

• Yukatamatra (full dose) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – Aushadha dweshi (patient who doesn’t like the medicine), etc

• Heena dosha (small dose) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – mandagni (poor digestion patient), etc



Dosha prashamana / Vutyardham (Shareera Vruddhi)

• Dosha prashamana (dosha pacification) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – according to Ritu (season) and Dosha to subside the Dosha

• Vutyardham (body building) Ahara / Aushadha is given for – swastha (healthy) by all means of combinations and permutations



Charaka – Typology :: Jeerna Kaala (digested state)

• Charaka expressed that – the digested state is identified after the food consumption

• Proper hunger, normal evacuation of urine & Stools, lightness in the body, belching with out the consummated food flavors are the symptoms of proper digested state.

• Another point of view to consider - Each and every disease after a stipulated time, when the pathogenesis is not reversed – it become Jeerna Vyadhi and the symptoms expressed are “Jeerna Linga”

• Even though – a thorough study over delayed symptoms are not done well – witnessing the exhibited disease delayed symptoms – the time-plan is executed



Charaka – Typology :: Rutu kaala (seasonal times)

• Here the Dosha in relation to the season is considered

• Vasanta Adyam for Kapha• Sharat Madyam for Pitta• Varsha Antyam for Vata• Mainly these time are used for

elimination of Dosha, to act prophylactic and kindling the Agni – medicaments are supplemented



Sharngadhara – Typology• Sharngdhara described 5 Types of Medicinal intake

methods1. Suryodaya Kaala (Sun rise time)2. Divasa Bhojana Kaala (Day meal time)3. Sayam Bhajana Kaala (Evening meal time)4. Muhurmuhu kaala (Repeated times)5. Nishi Kaala (Bed time)

• They are much related with Dina Kaala in relation with Dosha & food intake

• He didn’t considered the Rutu, Patient, Vyadhi linga & Jeerna kala as Charaka

• But – focused in a way where Vata, Kalpana, Agni and 2 Upakrama (Brimahana / Langhana)



Sharngadhara – Typology Suryodaya Kaala (Sun rise time)

• At Sun rise usually the stomach is empty • The time is of Kapha in the morning • For Pitta-Kapha Dosha udrikta• For “Lekhana” Upakrama• For Vamana & VIrechana Panchakarma • Sharngadhara say – usually for any

ailment the “Morning” is the best to give medicine – especially Kashaya, Kalka, Phanta, Swarasa are given in the Morning



Sharngadhara – Typology Divasa Bhojana Kaala (Day meal time)

• 2nd schedule of medicine offered by Sharngadhara is mid- day meals

• Here he give importance for Agni and Samanavata i.e. almost all GIT problems are considered

• He sub-classifies the schedule as – Adi (start), Madhya (middle), Anantara (after) & Poorvapara (before & after)

– Adi (start) = Apanavata to regulate & in Aruchi– Madhya (middle) = Samanavata to regulate & in Agnimandya– Anantara (after) = Vyanavata to regulate – Poorvapara (before & after) = Pranavata to regulate & in Hikka and

Akshepaka



Sharngadhara – Typology Sayam Bhajana Kaala (Evening meal time)

• 3rd Aushadhakaala of Sharngdhara describes at Night (Evening) meals

• For Udanavata to subside & in Swarabhanga, etc. or Kanthagata vyadhi – Grasa or Grasantara Aushadha is given

• For Pranavata to subside & Hrudaya vyadhi – sayam bhojana anantara aushadha is given



Sharngadhara – Typology Muhurmuhu kaala (Repeated times)

• 4th Aushadhakala is meant for the diseases where medicine is required repeatedly –

• Trishna (thirst – fluid lose), Chardi (vomiting), Hikka (hiccups), Shwasa (dyspnoea), Gada (toxic conditions), etc. are in need of repeated medication

• The medicinal bath (external) and internal uptake are indicated



Sharngadhara – Typology Nishi Kaala (Bed time)

• 5th medicinal intake time is night at bedtime

• Here in Ananna (with out food) or to consider at least 3-4 hours after light food consumption –

– For all the ailments of Head i.e. ENT & Eye– For Lekhana (tissue removal – reduces

dosha) or Brimahana (tissue building) procedures

– For Ama pachana– For Dosha / Vyadhi suppression (Shamana)

management



Time line of Sharngadhara


4 AM

Brahmi Muhurta

8 PM

Nishi[LekhanaBrimhana

Jatrurdhwa]

6 AM 6 PM12 NOON

Divasa-Bhojana[Agni Chikitsa]


Suryodaye[Pitta-Kapha]

Sayam-Bhojana

MuhurmuhuSnana/Bheshaja

10 PM

Poorvaam[Apanavata]

Paschat[Vyanavata]

Poorva-Param[Pranavata]

Madhyam[Samanavata]

Paschat{Pranavata]

Kabalantara[Udanavata}

2PM7AM7PM

Sevana

kala Sangraha Hridaya Charaka Susruta Sharnghadhar

Abhaktha + + + + Suryodaya

Praghbaktha + + D N + DB PP1

Madhyabhaktha + + + + +

Adhobhakta + + D N + DB PP2 SB

Sabhaktha + + + +

Antarbhaktha + ‐ ‐ +

Samudhga + + + +

Muhurmuhu + + + + +

Sagrasa + + + +

Grasantara + + + + SB

Nishi + + ‐ ‐ +

11 10 10 10 10


DB = Divasa Bhojana, SB= Sayam Bhojana, PP = Poorvapara, D= Day, N= Night,

1) Abhakta अभ कत• तऽाअभकत

नाम

कवल

औषधम

I Ast.san.su.23/13

• Abhakta – Nirbhakta – Pratah – Suryodaye – Ananna are equal meaning

• The medicine on empty stomach or without food at early morning is called Abhakta consists mere medicine (no additives)

• It impose strength to medicine to act faster & sooner

• Avoid Children, aged, Ladies and weak constitutions to protect the body strength



2) Pragbhakta गभकतम • ागभकत

नाम

यदननतरभकत

I Ast.san.su.23/14

• Pragbhakta – Annadau – Divasa bhojana poorvam – sayam bhojana poorvam relay same meaning as before to start food course

• The medicine given at this time digest fast and imparts strength to the body –

• It is specifically used for week bodied children, Aged, Ladies, chronic patients, etc.

• As immediately food is consumed – no untoward actions such as watering, burning or bitter tongue



3) Madhyabhakta मधयभकत• मधयभकत

मधय

भकतःयI Ast.san.su.23/15

• Madhyabhakta – Annamadhyam – Bhojana madhyam – are similar to relay meaning of in the middle of the food course

• It subsides the – middle part of the body disease (rather to understand as – kosta gata vyadhi or abdominal diseases)



4) Adhobhakta अधोभकतम • अधोभकतम

भकतादनतरम

I

Ast.san.su.23/16• Adhobhaktam – Bhaktanantaram –

Annante – are after the completion of food

• The medicine given after food subsides the diseases of upper body i.e. Head and upper trunk (chest)



5) Sabhakta सभकत• सभकत

यधननन सम सिधत

पशचादवा

समालोिडतम

I Ast.san.su.23/17• Sabhakta / Sannaushadha / bhakta

samyuktam is medicine along with food given for all (women & men)

• Especially people who doesn’t like the medicine to have is added with food while cooking and served



6) Samudga समदग• समदग

यदादावनत

I Ast.san.su.23/19

• Samudgam- bhojana poorvapara aushadham – where medicine is given before and after the food course

• It pacifies the diseases of upper and lower body



7) Muhurmuhu महमरह:• महमरहःत

पन:

पन:

भकत

वा

I

Ast.san.su.23/20• Muhurmuhu means – medicine is

given many times according to the need in smaller quantity

• Commonly such medicine is advocated in Swasa (dyspnoea), Hiccups and Vomiting, etc



8) Grasa समसा• समास

यदमसःमकतम

I

Ast.san.su.23/21• Sagrasa – Kabala – Grasa are

equal meaning of along with each bolus

• The medicine given at this time gets vipaka faster to act on disease

• This time of medication is best for children and aged



9) Grasantara मसानतरा• मासनतर

यदमससयोमािसयोमधय

I

Ast.san.su.23/21• Grasantara – Kabalantara is the

distribution of medicine in between two bolus

• In this either medicine like Avaleha or vamaka dhooma (emetic fumigations) are induced in shwasa (dyspnoea)



10) Nishi िनिश• जऽधवरमयष

त

िनशयाम

I Ast.san.su.23/21

• Nishi is night before to bed • The medication given at this time heals

the above clavicle disease – viz. ENT, Eye, etc and increases the vigour

• Mild laxatives or carminatives can be given at this time

• Sharngdhara adds Brimhana, Lekhana, Pachan, and Shamana medicines can be given before going to bed



11) Antarabhakta• अनतराभकत

नाम

-

यदनतरा

पीयत

पवारपरयोभरकतयोः

|

Su Ut.64/83

• Antarabhakata told by Susruta as medicine to distribute in between two meals i.e. approximately at 3-4 PM

• It imports the psychological strength and good for cardiac diseases. It increases the gastric function also.



• Neither the Small quantity of medicine or huge is not capable of neutralizing the pathology -

• AÉkÉïUÉåaÉWûUÏ

ÌlÉSìÉ

xÉuÉïUÉåaÉWûUÏ

¤ÉÑjÉÉ

||• Sleep removes half of the disease and the

fasting can even the entire • sÉÇZÉhÉqÉç

mÉUqÉÉæwÉkÉqÉç

||

• In other words – as the fasting is the best medicine

• Apart form all above . . . .

Sleep & Fasting



• Ayurveda scientist have told after a long research with commitment to heal the ailment –

• Many medicinal administration methods along with a specified directional action of medicine at a specified time intake

• Keeping circadian rhythms and equals of serotonin & melatonin axis in mind the medicinal intake methods are planned . . .

• . . . is a great contribution to the Mankind

Conclusion



THANK [email protected]

It’sTechnoayurveda International

PresentationBy Dr. K. Shiva Rama PrasadOf . . . http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com


Aushadha Sevana

Aushadha sevana

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Aushadha sevana