AUSA- Seminar 1 Sks

8/17/2019 AUSA- Seminar 1 Sks

1/31

APLIKASI ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA PADA BERBAGAI

PRODUK PERIKANAN

SEMINAR 1 SKS

(PIT 4085)

OLEH:

Rahmat Aulia Saputra

11/318205/PN/12506

PROGRAM ST!"

TE#NOLOG" HAS"L PER"#ANAN

JURUSAN PERIKANANFAKULTAS PERTANIAN

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

YOGYAKARTA

2015


2/31

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN SEMINAR 1 SKS

Apli$a%i A%ap &air T'mpuru() #'lapa Pa*a +'r,a)ai

Pr-*u$ P'ri$a(a(

O!"#

R$"%$& A'$ S$'&*$

11+,18205+PN+1250-

TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN

!i%'mi(ar$a( *i *'pa( Si*a() S'mi(ar Ta())al 11 .u(i 2015

Lap-ra( S'mi(ar 1 S#S i(i t'lah *i%ah$a( *a( *it'rima %',a)ai $'l'()$apa( mata $uliah

S'mi(ar 1 S#S P"T 085 a() *i%'l'())ara$a( .uru%a( P'ri$a(a( 4a$ulta% P'rta(ia(

(i'r%ita% Ga*ah Ma*a 7-)a$arta

!-%'( P'm,im,i() S'mi(ar

P*"$& S" N'.*$"!/ SP MP

N"P 19820215 200812 2 001

Ta(*a Ta()a(

Ta())al P'()'%aha(

#'tua #-mi%i S'mi(ar Pr-)ram Stu*i T'$(-l-)i Ha%il P'ri$a(a(

$"3$/ F&*$ SP MS N" 112013002


3/31

PENDAHULUAN

A L$&$* B!$6$/.

P'ri$a(a( m'rupa$a( %'$t-r pali() ,'rp-t'(%i *alam m'(um,a()$a( *'i%a

(')ara Hal t'r%',ut *i*u$u() -l'h $-(*i%i (')ara i(*-('%ia a() m'rupa$a( (')ara

$'pulaua( %'hi())a $',a(a$a( ;ilaah(a ,'rupa p'raira( Sum,'r *aa p'ri$a(a(

a() t'r*apat pa*a p'raira( i(*-('%ia a(tara lai(: i$a( u*a() rau()a( $'ra()

$'piti() rumput laut *a( lai(


4/31

p'(am,aha( a%ap ?air pa*a ,'r,a)i pr-*u$ p'ri$a(a( m'm,'ri$a( p'()aruh pa*a

$ara$t'ri%ti$ i$a( *a( a$a( *i$ai l',ih la(ut *alam ma$alah i(i

B T'7'$/

1 M'()'tahui p'()aruh a%ap ?air t'mpuru() $'lapa t'rha*ap ,'r,a)ai pr-*u$

p'ri$a(a(

2 !apat m'()'tahui $a(*u()a(


5/31

II PEMBAHASAN

A A9$ C$*

A%ap ?air *i*'=i(i%i$a( %',a)ai ?aira( $-(*'(%at a() *ip'r-l'h *ari

p'()'m,u(a( a%ap ha%il p'()uraia( %'(a;a


6/31

Tabel 1. Sarat mutu i$a( a%ap

Parameter Persyaratan Mutu Ikan Asap

( SNI 01-2725-1992)

1. r!an"lept#k 72. M#kr"b#"l"!#

a. TP$ ( per !ram)% maks#mum 5&105

b. Escerichia coli ( MPN/g),

maksimum

c. Kapang

0

Ne!at#' d. Salmonella sp. Na!at#'

e.Staphylococcus MPN/gr,Maksimum

Ne!at#'

. #m#a

a. A#r% *b"b"t+b"b"t% maks#mum ,0

b. aram% *b"b"t+b"b"t%

maks#mum

/. Abu tak larut alam asam%

*b"b"t+b"b"t% maks#mum

1%5

B P*:9!9 P!%;'$&$/ A9$ C$*

Pri(%ip utama *alam p'm,uata( a%ap ?air %',a)ai ,aha( p'()a;'t a*alah *'()a(

m'(*'%tila%i a%ap a() *i$'luar$a( -l'h ,aha( ,'r$ar,-( *a( *i'(*ap$a( *'()a(

*'%tila%i multi tahap u(tu$ m'()'(*ap$a( $-mp-('( larut (tu$ m'()ha%il$a( a%ap

a() ,ai$ pa*a ;a$tu p'm,a$ara( %',ai$(a m'())u(a$a( '(i% $au $'ra% %'p'rti

$au ,a$au ra%a mala %'r,u$ *a( %'ruta( $au ati %'rta t'mpuru() $'lapa %'hi())a*ip'r-l'h i$a( a%ap a() ,ai$ Tra())-(-*$$ 199@

A%ap ?air *i,uat *'()a( m'ma%u$a( $au $'*alam reactor $'mu*ia( *itutup *a(

ra()$aia( $-(*'(%-r *ipa%a() S'la(ut(a *apur p'ma(a% *ihi*up$a( *'()a( m'()atur

%uhu *a( ;a$tu a() *i$'h'(*a$i P'm,uata( a%ap ?air ,ia%a(a m'())u(a$a( %uhu

3500&


7/31

pa*a %aat m'(?apai %uhu a() *i$'h'(*a$i A%ap a() $'luar *ari r'a?t-r a$a( m'()alir

$' $-l-m p'(*i()i( m'lalui pipa p'(alur a%ap a() ma(a pa*a pipa i(i t'r*apat %'la()

a() *ihu,u()$a( $' ,-t-l p'(ampu() u(tu$ m'(ampu() tar $'mu*ia( $' *alam $-l-m

p'(*i()i( i(i *ialir$a( air *'()a( %uhu $amar m'())u(a$a( a'rat-r %'hi())a a%ap a$a(

t'r$-(*'(%a%i *a( m'(?air Em,u(a( ,'rupa a%ap ?air a() ma%ih ,'r?ampur *'()a( tar

*itampu() %'la(ut(a *i%impa( *alam ,-t-l %'*a()$a( a%ap a() ti*a$ t'r'm,u($a(

a$a( t'r,ua() m'lalui %'la() p'(alur a%ap %i%a Namu( a%ap ?air i(i ,'lum ,i%a

*i)u(a$a( $ar'(a *imu()$i($a( ma%ih m'()a(*u() ,a(a$ tar %'(a;a

hi*r-$ar,-(p-li%i$li% ar-mati$ PAH a() a*a %'p'rti ,'(B- a pir'(a ,'r%i=at

$ar%i(-)'(i$ Ma$a *ari itu p'rlu(a tahap p'mur(ia( u(tu$ m'()ila()$a( %'(a;a

a() ti*a$ *i()i($a(

A*a ,','rapa m't-*' a() *apat *ila$u$a( u(tu$ m'mur(i$a( pr-*u$ a%ap ?air

a() *iha%il$a( aitu *'()a( m't-*' =iltra%i *a( m't-*' *i%tila%i

a M't-*' 4iltra%i

Pr-*u$ a%ap ?air *imur(i$a( *'()a( ?ara *i%ari() m'())u(a$a( $'rta% %ari() *a(

*itam,ah $apa% a)ar ha%il p'(ari()a( l',ih %'mpur(a P'(ari() i(i m'()ha%il$a(

pr-*u$ a$hir a() l',ih ,'r%ih *a( 'r(ih *i,a(*i()$a( %','lum(a A$a( t'tapi

;ar(a pr-*u$ ,'lum ,'ru,ah %'mpur(a *a( ma%ih ,'r;ar(a $'?-$lata(

, M't-*' !i%tila%i

Pa*a pr-%'% *i%tila%i a%ap ?air *ipa(a%$a( *i *alam la,u *'%tilat %'lama l',ih $ura()

2 am *'()a( t'mp'ratur 2000& %ampai ti*a$ a*a la)i %amp'l a() m'()uap Ha%il

*i%tila%i *itampu() *alam la,u 'rl'(m''r *a( tampa$ p'ru,aha( ;ar(a *ari

$'?-$lata( m'(a*i ,'(i() atau $'$u(i()a(


8/31

ambar 1. Alat Pembuatan Asap $a#r

+1 T'mpuru() #'lapa

T'mpuru() $'lapa m'rupa$a( ,a)ia( ,uah $'lapa a() ,'r=u()%i %',a)ai

p'li(*u() i(ti ,uah T'mpuru() $'lapa t'rl'ta$ *i ,a)ia( *alam $'lapa %'t'lah %a,ut

*a( m'rupa$a( lapi%a( a() $'ra% *'()a( $'t',ala( 3


9/31

K:%:/!/ <

H!%9!':9$ 2@@

S!':9$ 265L.// 29

A;' 06

K:%:/!/ !69&*$6& 2

U*:/$/ $/"3*$& 35

N&*:.!/ 01

A* 80

Ta,'l 2 #-mp-%i%i #imia T'mpuru() #'lapa

Sum,'r : Suhar*i-(- 1992

#-mp-('( utama a() t'r*apat *alam t'mpuru() $'lapa a*alah h'mi%'llul-%a

%'llul-%a *a( li)(i( H'mi%'llul-%a a*alah '(i% p-li%a$ari*a *'()a( ,'rat m-l'$ul $'?il

,'ra(tai p'(*'$ *i,a(*i() *'()a( %'llul-%a *a( ,a(a$ *iumpai pa*a $au lu(a$

H'mi%'llul-%a *i%u%u( -l'h p'(t-%a( &5H8O *a( h'$%-%a( &6H10O5 P'(t-%a(

,a(a$ t'r*apat pa*a $au $'ra% %'*a()$a( h'$%-%a( t'r*apat pa*a $au lu(a$ Ma)a

198@ P'(t-%a( a() m'()alami pir-li%i% m'()ha%il$a( =ur=ural =ura( *a( turu(a((a

%'rta a%am $ar,-$%ilat H'$%-%a( t'r*iri *ari ma((a( *a( )ala$t-( *'()a( u(it *a%ar

ma((-%a *a( )ala$t-%a apa,ila m'()alami pir-li%i% m'()ha%il$a( a%am a%'tat *a(h-m-l-)(a Girar*1992 S'lai( h'mi%'llul-%a t'mpuru() $'lapa u)a m'()a(*u()

%'llul-%a *a( li)(i( Ha%il pir-li%i% %'llul-%a a() t'rp'(ti() a*alah a%am a%'tat *a( ='(-l

*alam umlah a() %'*i$it S'*a()$a( pir-li%i% li)(i( m'()aha%il$a( ar-ma a()

,'rp'ra( *alam pr-*u$ p'()a%apa( S'(a;a ar-ma a() *ima$%u* a*alah ='(-l *a(

't'r='(-li$ %'p'rti )uai$-l 2


10/31

#'l',iha(


11/31

Gra=i$ 2 Gra=i$ a(tara t'mp'ratur' 0& *'()a( $-(%'(tra%i a%am >

!ari )ra=i$ 2 a() *i%ai$a( *i*apat$a( ,ah;a $a*ar a%am a%ap ?air u)a %'ma$i(

m'(i()$at *'()a( m'(i()$at(a t'mp'ratur pir-li%i% #a*ar a%am i(i u)a ,'r,'*a u(tu$

,aha( ,a$u %'r,u$ $au *a( t'mpuru() $'lapa #-(%'(tra%i a%am %'r,u$ $au t'm,'%u

l',ih ,'%ar *ari pa*a t'mpuru() $'lapa Hal i(i *ip'()aruhi -l'h p'r,'*aa( %'(a;a<

%'(a;a a() t'r$a(*u() *alam ma%i()


12/31

Ta,'l 3 P'r,a(*i()a( $a*ar ph'(-l pa*a t'mpuru() $'lapa

K$/3'/.$/ T:/.6: J$.'/. T!%'*'/. K!$$

P"!/: 255 > 6@0 >

+'*a%ar$a( Ta,'l 3 t'rlihat ,ah;a $a*ar ='(-l pa*a a%ap ?air t-()$-l a)u()

l',ih r'(*ah *i,a(*i()$a( *'()a( $a*ar ='(-l t'mpuru() $'lapa Hal i(i *i$ar'(a$a(

pa*a a%ap ?air t'mpuru() $'lapa l',ih ,a(a$ t'ra*i *')ra*a%i li)(i( *i$ar'(a$a(

$a(*u()a( li)(i( pa*a t'mpuru() $'lapa l',ih ,a(a$ Pir-li%i% li)(i( a$a(

m'()ha%il$a( ='(-l *a( turu(a((a a() p'(ti() %',a)ai ,aha( p'()a;'t *alam a%ap

?air

& P'()aruh A%ap &air T'mpuru() #'lapa T'rha*ap #-mp-%i%i #imia Pr-*u$ P'ri$a(a(

Salah %atu ?ara u(tu$ m'()'tahui $-mp-%i%i $imia a() t'r*apat pa*a %uatu

pr-*u$ ,i%a *ila$u$a( *'()a( p'()uia( pr-$%imat Pa*a p'()uia( pr-$%imat

$-mp-('( utama a() *ia(ali%i% t'r*iri *ari $a*ar air $a*ar a,u $ar,-hi*rat pr-t'i(

%'rta l'ma$ A(ali%i% i(i m'(a*i p'rlu u(tu$ *ila$u$a( $ar'(a m'('*ia$a( *ata

$a(*u()a( utama *ari %uatu ,aha( ma$a(a( 4a$t-r lai( a*alah $ar'(a a(ali%i% pr-$%imat

*alam ma$a(a( ,'r$'(aa( *'()a( $a*ar )iBi *ari ,aha( ma$a(a( t'r%',ut #a*ar )iBi

p'rlu *i$'tahui $ar'(a ,'rhu,u()a( *'()a( $ualita% ma$a(a( t'r%',utE(%mi()'r

199 M't-*' i(i *i$'m,a()$a( -l'h H'((,'r) *a( St-?$ma( *ari ''(*' EDp'rim'(t

Stati-( *i .'rma( pa*a tahu( 1865 Tillma( 't al 1991 P'()aruh p'm,'ria( a%ap ?air

t'mpuru() $'lapa t'rha*ap $-mp-%i%i $imia ,'r,a)ai pr-*u$ p'ri$a(a( *apat *i lihat

pa*a ta,'l

P$*$

%!&!*

B$/3!/. T:/.6: P/3$/. L$$/.

S')ar A%ap &air

3 >S')ar

A%ap &air

3>S')ar

A%ap &ai

3>

P*:&!/ 336 362@ 239 2 < <

K$3$* A* 5592 52@ 68@ 652 6561 6@3

L!%$6 509 5@2 < < <


13/31

Ta,'l P'ru,aha( (ilai pr-$%imat pa*a ,'r,a)ai pr-*u$ p'ri$a(a( %'t'lah p'm,'ria(

a%ap ?air *ari t'mpuru() $'lapa


14/31

#a*ar air m'rupa$a( %alah %atu p'(',a, $'ru%a$a( ,aha( pa()a( $ar'(a air

a() t'r$a(*u() *alam ,aha( pa()a( a*alah m'*ia a() m'(*u$u() p'rtum,uha( *a(

a$tiita% mi$r-,a p'ru%a$ ,aha( pa()a( S'ma$i( r'(*ah $a*ar air ,aha( pa()a(

*iharap$a( a$a( m'mp'rpa(a() *aa a;'t(a Ta,'l m'(ai$a( p'r,a(*i()$a(

,','rapa pr-*u$ p'ri$a(a( aitu ,a(*'() t-()$-l pi(*a() lai() *a( *'(*'() l'l'

!i%i(i m'())u(a$a( a%ap ?air t'rmpuru() $'lapa *'()a( $a*ar 3 > #a*ar air pa*a

,a(*'() %')ar a;al(a 5592> m'()alami p'(uru(a( 1065 > m'(a*i 52@> %'t'lah

p'()a%apa( Pa*a i$a( t-()$-l %')ar a;al $a*ar air 68@ > m'()alami p'(uru(a( 35>

%'t'lah p'm,'ria( a%ap ?air %'hi())a m'(a*i 652> pa*a i$a( t-()$-l l'l' a%ap Pa*a

pi(*a() laa() a;al(a $a*ar air 6561> m'()alami p'(uru(a( 008> m'(a*i 6@3>

%'t'lah p'()a%apa( Pa*a *'(*'() l'l' a%ap a;al(a $a*ar air(a @81> (amu( %'t'lah

p'm,'ria( a%ap ?air ,'r$ura() 225> m'(a*i 203> !ari $''mapat pr-*u$ p'ri$a(a(

p'r%'(ta%' ,'r$ura()(a $a*ar air t'ra*i pa*a *'(*'() l'l' a%ap hal i(i *i$'r'(a$a(

a*a(a pr-%'% p'm,'riaa( ,um,u *a( p'()'ri()a( %'hi())a $a*ar air(a ,a(a$ a()

hila() !ari $''mpat pr-*u$ t'r%',ut *apat *i%impul$a( ,ah;a $a*ar air m'()alami

p'()ura()a( %'t'lah p'm,'ria( a%ap ?air Hal i(i *i$ar'(a$a( a*a(a pr-%'% p'ma(a%a(

*a( p'())arama( a() *apat m'()urai $a*ar air !ari $''mpat pr-*u$ t'r%',ut ha(a

i$a( ,a(*'() *a( *'(*'() l'l' a() m'm'(uhi $rit'ria SN" T'tapi pa*a i$a( t-()$-l

,'lum m'm'(uhi $'t'tapa( SN" a() m'('tap$a( $a*air air i$a( a%ap ma$%imal 60 >

P'r,'*aa( p'r%'(ta%i p'()ura()a( $a*ar air t'rha*ap $''mpat pr-*u$ t'r%',ut

*ip'()aruhi -l'h lama(a ;a$tu p'r'(*ama( %'rta a*a(a p'rla$ua( tam,aha( mi%al(a

pa*a *'(*'() l'l'Pa*a p'()uia( $a*ar pr-t'i( *ila$u$a( *'()a( m't-*' mi$r-$'l*ahl Pa*a ta,'l

m'(ai$a( p'r,a(*i()a( $a*ar pr-t'i( %'t'l'h p'm,'ria( a%ap ?air *ari t'mpuru()

$'lapa *'()a( $-(%'(tra%i 3> Pa*a $a*ar pr-t'i( ,a(*'() a%ap ?air m'()alami

$'(ai$a( %','%ar 191> *ari 336> m'(a*i 362@> Pa*a i$a( t-()$-l m'()alami

$'(ai$a( 195> %'t'lah p'm,'ria( a%ap ?air *ari a() %','lum(a 239> m'(a*i

2> Pa*a *'(*'() l'l' m'()alami p'(i()$ata( 2255> *ari a() %','lum(a 182>

m'(a*i 0@5> P'r,'*aa( p'r%'(ta%' $'(ai$a( *ari $'ti)a pr-*u$ t'r%',ut *ip'()aruhi

-l'h lama(a p'r'(*ama( p'm,u,ua( %'rta %tru$tur a() t'r*apat *i*alam tu,uh i$a(

itu !apat *i%impul$a( ,ah;a t'r(ata p'm,'ria( a%ap ?air t'(puru() $'lapa mampu


15/31

m'(ai$a( $a*ar pr-t'i( #'(ai$a( pr-t'i( m'(urut p'r(ataa( i(ar(- 1991 ,ah;a

*'()a( ,'r$ura()(a $a*ar air ma$a a$a( m'(i()$at$a( $a*ar pr-t'i( p'()ura()a( air

*a( p'())umpala( pr-t'i( *alam *a)i() a() m'rupa$a( a$i,at p'())arama( a()

*ila$u$a( %','lum p'()a%apa( Pa*a p'('litia( #arti$ari(i 200 u)a m'(u(u$$a(

ha%il ,ah;a $a*ar pr-t'i( i$a( a%ap 29> m'()alami $'(ai$a( *i,a(*i()$a( i$a( %')ar

221> $'(ai$a( t'r%',ut %'$itar @>

#a(*u()a( l'ma$ %uatu ,aha( pa$a( *apat *it'(tu$a( *'()a( m't-*' %-Dhl't aitu

pr-%'% '$%tra$%i %uatu ,aha( *alam ta,u() %-Dhl't S-'-(- 1990 Pa*a ta,'l

m'(ai$a( p'r,a(*i()a( pr-*u$ Pa*a *'(*'() l'l' $a*ar

l'ma$(a m'()alami p'(i()$ata( 121@> *ari %','lum(a 22 > m'(a*i 13@>

#'(ai$a( p'r%'(ta%' a() ,'r,'*a


16/31

Gra=i$ 3 P'()aruh (ilai Ora(-l'pti$ pa*a pr-*u$ ,a(*'()

enampakan asa

0

2

,

10

Organ!"p#ik Ikan Ban$"ng

Tanpa Asap

Asap $a#r *

Param"#"r

Skr Organ!"p#ik

P'rla$ua( p'(am,aha( a%ap ?air pa*a p'm,uata( i$a( ,a(*'() a%ap m'm,'ri$a(

p'()aruh p'r,'*aa( (ata P005 t'rha*ap (ilai $'(ampa$a( pr-*u$ i$a( ,a(*'()

a%ap ?air M'(urut !au( *alam Ha*i;i-t- 2000 ;ar(a ?-$lat tim,ul %',a)ai a$i,at

a*a(a %'(a;a $ar,-(il a() t'r*iri ata% formaldehida, asetol, glikolat, aldehida,

metilglioksilat pa*a a%ap m'()a*a$a( i(t'ra$%i *'()a( %'(a;a ami(- *alam *a)i()

fenol u)a ,'r$-(tri,u%i pa*a p';ar(aa( ?-$lat pa*a pr-*u$ i$a( a%ap !i%i(i pa('li%

l',ih m'(u$ai ,a(*'() a%ap ?air *i,a(*i()$a( ta(pa a%ap Pa*a param't'r ,au

,a(*'() a%ap ?air m'mp'r-l'h (iali t'rti())i *i,a(*i()$a( ta(pa a%ap hal i(i %'%uai

*'()a( p'()uia( pa('li% Ar-ma a() *iha%il$a( i$a( a%ap *i%',a,$a( -l'h r'a$%i $imia

a(tara i$a( *a( $-mp-('( $imia *alam a%ap a() m'lalui pr-%'% p'()a%apa(

Ha*i;i-t- et al 2000 )-l-()a( ='(-l pa*a a%ap ?air mampu m'm,'ri$a( ,au

F pungent Feresoline ma(i% a%ap *a( %'p'rti ,au t'r,a$ar Pa*a param't'r ra%a

*i*apat$a( (ilai t'rti())i pa*a ,'(*'() a%ap *'()a( (ilai 85@ l',ih ti())i *ari i$a(

%')ar(a M'(urut 7ul%tia(i 2008 ?itara%a %p'%i=i$ a() *imili$i pr-*u$ p'()a%apa(

*ata() *ari %'(a;a fenol *i =a%' uap a%ap a() *i%'rap -l'h p'rmu$aa( pr-*u$

S'(a;a ='(-l a() *i$ait$a( *'()a( ,au *a( ?itara%a %p'%i=i$ t'r%',ut a*alah guaiakol,

4-metilguaiakol dan 2,6-dimetoksi fenol #'%'mua(a m'rupa$a( p'(u%u( utama =a%'

uap maupu( =a%' parti$'l pa*a a%ap Ha%il ui -r)a(-l'pti$ t'$%tur pr-*u$ a() *ip'r-l'h

l',ih ti())i pa*a ,a(*'() a%ap ?air i(i %'%uai *'()a( p'('rimaa( $-(%uma( a() l',ih

m'(u$ai M'(urut SN":236 2009 $rit'ria t'$%tur i$a( a%ap a() *i%u$ai pa('li%


17/31

a*alah a)a$ pa*at 'la%ti% ,ila *it'$a( *'()a( ari %ulit m'(-,'$ *a)i() *ari tula()

,'la$a()

Gra=i$ P'()aruh (ilai Or)a(-l'pti$ pa*a pr-*u$ ,a(*'()

0

1

2

(

.

5

Organ!"p#ik Ikan %ngk! &mur Simpan ' Hari

T"n!k"l Se!ar

T"n!k"l Asap (*

Param"#"r

Skring Organ!"p#ik

Pa*a pr-*u$ i$a( ,a(*'() *i$ai (ilai -r)a(-l'pti$(a %'t'lah p'(impa(a( 2

hari Hal i(i *ila$u$a( u(tu$ m'()'tahui ti()$at p'ru,ahaa( p'('rimaa( $-(%um'(

%'t'lah p'(impa(a( 2 hari Pa*a umu((a (ilai -r)a(-l'pti$ *ari %')i ra%a ;ar(a

ar-ma *a( t'$%tur pa*a i$a( t-()$-l %')ar rata


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0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

.5

Organ!"p#ik Pin$angP"nimpanan Hari

P#nan! Se!ar

P#nan! Asap $a#r *

Param"#"r

Skr Organ!"p#ik

Pa*a p'()uia( -r)a(-l'pti$ i$a( pi(*a() *ila$u$a( %'t'lah p'(impa(a( hari

!ari ta,'l 5 m'mp'rlihat$a( ti()$at p'('rimaa( $-(%um'( *ari %')i -r)a(-l'pti$ l',ih

ti())i pa*a i$a( pi(*a() a() t'lah *i,'ri p'rla$ua( a%ap ?air Hal i(i *i$ar'(a$a(

$a(*u()a( a%ap %'(*iri a() m'm,'ri$a( Bat a(timi$r-,ia Pa*a i$a( pi(*a() %')ar

a() ti*a$ *i,'ri a%ap ?air m'm,'ri$a( p'ru,aha( %i)(i=i$a( %'t'lah hari *a( i(i

m'm,'ri$a( (ilai a() ,'*a (ata Pa*a pi(*a() %')ar a() *i%impa( hari m'()alami

$'mu(*ura( mutu *ari %')i ra%a ;ar(a ar-ma *a( t'$%tur %'hi())a p'('rimaa(

$-(%um'( %a()at ,'r$ura() Namu( pa*a pi(*a() a() *i,'ri a%ap ?air *'()a(

p'(impa(a( hari p'('rima( $-(%um'( l',ih ti())i ti())i *i,a(*i()$a($a( ta(pa

a%ap Pa*a Or)a(-l'pti$ i$a( pi(*a() *i'la%$a( $'t'ra()a( atri,ut mutu aitu 1I amat

%a()at ti*a$ %u$a ti*a$ *apat *it'rima 2I %a()at ti*a$ %u$a 3I ti*a$ %u$a I a)a$

ti*a$ %u$a 5I ('tral 6I a)a$ %u$a @I %u$a 8I%a()at %u$a 9I amat %a()at %u$a

E P!/.$*'" A9$ C$* T!%'*'/. K!$$ T!*"$3$ D$$ S%$/ P*:3'6

(tu$ m'('tu$a( *aa %impa( pr-*u$ ,i%a *ila$u$a( *'()a( ,','rapa

p'(*'$ata( *ia(taraa m'('tu$a( pH %uatu pr-*u$ P'()u$ura( pH *ila$u$a( u(tu$

m'()'tahui $'?'(*'ru()a( $'(ai$a(/p'(uru(a( pH %'lama p'(impa(a( +'%ar(a pH


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,'rhu,u()a( *'()a( t'r,'(tu$(a %'(a;a


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turu(a( a%am $ar,-$%ilat %'p'rti =ur=ural =ura( *a( a%am a%'tat )la?ial a() *apat

m'()ham,at p'rtum,uha( mi$r-,ia !arma*i *$$ 1996 S'ma$i( ti())i $-(%'(tra%i

a%ap ?air a() *itam,ah$a( pa*a pr-*u$ ma$a %'ma$i( r'(*ah (ilai pH


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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

A*a;ah R 2006 P'()-laha( *a( P'()a;'ta( "$a( +umi A$%ara .a$arta

A=ria(t- E *a( Liia;at E 1989 P'()a;'ta( *a( P'()-laha( "$a( #a%i(i%iu% 7-)a$arta

A%%-?iati-( -= O==i?ial A(alti?al &h'mi%t% AOA& 1990 O==i?ial M'th-*% -= A(al%i% 18th

E*iti-( +'(ami( 4ra($li( a%hi()t-( !& SA

+ir$'rla(* S'i(u() A((a Maria +'(?B' R-ra T-r%t'i( S$'ra +-r( +'r$'() 200 E=='?t

-= &-l* Sm-$i() Pr-?'*ur'% a(* Ra; Mat'rial &hara?t'ri%ti?% -( Pr-*u?t 7i'l* a(*

Jualit Param't'r% -= &-l* Sm-$'* Atla(ti? Salm-( Salm- %alar L 4ill't% 4--*

R'%'ar?h "(t'r(ati-(al 3@: 2@3 286

&ar*i(al M #(-?$a'rt & T-rri%%'( O Si)ur)i%la*-ttir S M-r$-r' T Th-ma%%'( M K

Call't . L 200 R'lati-( -= %m-$i() param't'r% t- th' i'l* ?-l-ur a(* %'(%-r

ualit -= %m-$'* Atla(ti? %alm-( Salm- %alar 4--* R'%'ar?h "(t'r(ati-(al 3 53@

550


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!aram-la . A 4a%a$i( E A *a( A*'paru%i E O 200@ &ah()'% i( Ph%i?-?h'mi?al a(*

S'(%-r &hara?t'ri%ti?% -= Sm-$'

A=ri?a( .-ur(al -= 4--* A)ri?ultur' Nutriti-( !''l-pm'(t C-lum' @ N- 6 !'?'m,'r

200@

!au( H 19@9 E=='?t% -= Salti() &uri() a(* Sm-$i() -( Nutri'((t% -= 4l'%h 4--* Pr-?'%%i()

N'th'rla(* : El%'i'r S?iPu,l

!it'( P2HP 2012 P'(?apia( #i('ra Sa%ara( Strat')i%


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Niti,a%$ara R 1988 P'()a%apa( "$a( +-)-r T'$(-l-)i Ha%il P'ri$a(a( "(titut P'rta(ia(

+-)-rPrihart-(- R E . Ra%i*i$ *a( Ari' 2000 M'()ata%i P'rma%alaha( +u*i*aa L'l' !um,-

P'(',ar S;a*aa !'p-$

P%B?B-la !E 1995 T-ur Hi)hli)ht% Pr-*u?ti-( a(* %'r% -= Sm-$' +a%'* 4la-r% 4--* T'?h1 @0


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S;a%ta;ati 4r-(th'a 2008 Jualit a(* Sa='t -= Sm-$'* &at=i%h Ariu% tala%%i(u% %i()

Pa** &ha== a(* &-?-(ut Sh'll Liui* Sm-$' .-ur(al -= &-a%tal !''l-pm'(t C-l 12

N- 1 O?t-,'r 2008: @


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AUSA- Seminar 1 Sks

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