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(10)&ufpcef; txl;oifwef;(10)&ufpcef; txl;oifwef;(10)&ufpcef; txl;oifwef;(10)&ufpcef; txl;oifwef;(10)&ufpcef; txl;oifwef;

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rmwdum

1

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w&m;a[myv’ifzGif h y&duHw&m;a[myv’ifzGif h y&duH

w&m;a[myv’ifzGif h y&duH

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morearm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor


earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®mor ÁÁ ÁÁ ÁK'K'K'K'K' ¨¨ ¨¨ ¨óóóóó

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(om"k? om"k? om"k ygbk&m;)

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2


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a[mMum;&rnfjzpfwJh -

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odu©mumarm wdAodu©mumarm wdA

odu©mumarm wdAodu©mumarm wdA

odu©mumarm wdA ÁÁ ÁÁ Ámpma&m? twdwmpma&m? twdw

mpma&m? twdwmpma&m? twdw

mpma&m? twdw åå åå åpdMw0gpaum/pdMw0gpaum/

pdMw0gpaum/pdMw0gpaum/

pdMw0gpaum/

axa&m r,SH rkcH ygwk? rdk;ukwfedum,rmyaum/axa&m r,SH rkcH ygwk? rdk;ukwfedum,rmyaum/

axa&m r,SH rkcH ygwk? rdk;ukwfedum,rmyaum/axa&m r,SH rkcH ygwk? rdk;ukwfedum,rmyaum/

axa&m r,SH rkcH ygwk? rdk;ukwfedum,rmyaum/

odu©mumarm = oDv? orm"d? ynm odu©moHk;pk BuD;xGm;rIudk *½kpdkufaMumifhMu awmifhw jrwfEdk;vSonfjzpfí?

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wnfaxmifawmfrlayxaom? axa&m = t*¾r[my@dw teEÅ *dkPf;0if aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf?

r,SH = rdk;ukwfenf;cH wpfqifhjyefí xyfrHazmfxkwf tuREfkyf\? rkcH = EIwfudk? ygwk = rwdrf; rcRwf&atmif

xdef;uGyfapmifrawmfrlygapownf;/ ygwk = rd k;ukwfa[m[ef oabmouH rwdrf; rapmif;&tmif

xdef;ausmif;uGyfuJawmfrlvSnfhyg? ololigig vlwum MunfndKrqHk;EdkifwJh wpfjynfvHk; aus;Zl;&Sif ordkif;0if q&mawmf

t&SifoljrwfBuD;bk&m;/

( om"k? om"k? om"k ygbk&m; )( om"k? om"k? om"k ygbk&m; )

( om"k? om"k? om"k ygbk&m; )( om"k? om"k? om"k ygbk&m; )

( om"k? om"k? om"k ygbk&m; )

3


1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynf hausmf 3-&uf (26.8.2002) nae1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynf hausmf 3-&uf (26.8.2002) nae


1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynf hausmf 3-&uf (26.8.2002) nae




w&m;odzdkUeJUw&m;&SdzdkU

tm;vHk;aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdkY --

tm;vHk;aom a,m*Dtaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkY? *g&0w&m; pdwfrSm xm;í csrf;omaom £&d,mykwfjzifh

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rdk;ukwfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD; a[mMum;oGm;awmfrlcJhaom cE¨mÓmPfa&muf y#dpöorkyÜg'f opöm a'oemtpOfudk

emcH rSwfom;rdorQ aus;Zl;qyfaomtm;jzifh a[mMum; oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeUa,m*Drsm; w&m;yGJ\ tpaeUygyJaemf/ y#dpö orkyÜg'f oifwef;taeeJU bkef;BuD; reufwpfBudrf

naewpfBudrf bkef;BuD; aus;Zl;jyKr,faemf/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JU toHawmfu wpfaeUESpfBudrfaygh/ [kwfvm;/

tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwdkY Ómwy&dnm qdkwJh w&m;em&r,fhtcsdefu wpfaeU av;Budrf&Sdw,faygh/ b,fESpfBudrfvJ/

(av;Budrfygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh av;Budrfwdwd Ómwy&dnmqdkNyD;awmh a,m*DwdkY w&m;udk a&S;OD;pGm odzdkY ta&;BuD;w,faemf/

'Dawmh rdk;ukwf0dyóem 10-&ufpcef; w&m;yGJawGrSm [dk;t&ifh t&ifawGwkef;uqdk&ifawmh ig;Budrfwdwd

w&m;em&w,f/ tck 'DESpfydkif; a&mufvmwJhtcgusawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY "r®obif tpnf;ta0;BuD;rSm qHk;jzwfawmh

reuf(4;30) wpfcsdefudk w&m;xdkifvdkufwJhtwGuf w&m;emwJh tBudrf tckav;Budrfaygh/ tJ'D av;Budrfudk OD;pm;ay;NyD;

w&m;udk emw,f qdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY pmvdkqdkawmh Ómwy&dnm vdkYac:ygw,f/ bmvdkYac: wmvJ/ (Ómwy&dnmyg

bk&m;)/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rdefUoGm;wJh t*Fkw ådK&frSm vmwJhtaeeJU ajymr,fqdk&if 'g Ómwy&dnmyJwJh [kwfvm;/

'Dawmh 'um? 'umrwdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY odxm;&rJh udpöu y&dnm oHk;yg;&Sdw,faemf/ b,fESpfyg;&Sd/ (3-

yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh tm;vHk;vdkufqdkMu/

- Ómw y&dnm?

- wD&P y&dnm?

- y[me y&dnm/

y&dnm b,fESpfck/ (3-ckygbk&m;)/ uJ-wpfcgwnf;&oGm;atmif qdkMunfhyg/ a,m*Da[mif;awGu 'g xyfwvJvJ

bkef;BuD;wdkYpcef;wdkif; a[mxm;awmh em;,OfaeNyD/ &vnf; &xm;NyD;NyDaemf/ tck a,m*DtopfawG uvnf;

wdk;wdk;ygvmawmh a,m*Dta[mif;awGudk OD;pm;ay;NyD; a[mvdkuf&if a,m*DtopfawGtwGuf 'gawGu

vG,foGm;r,faemf/

'Dawmh a,m*Da[mif;awGu emzl;xyfrHtaeeJU oabmxm;í a,m*Dopfrsm;udk tajccHaus;Zl;jyKr,faemf/

4


(rSefvSyg)/ 'Dawmh emzl;xyfrH qdkaomfvnf;yJ 'Dw&m;u tBudrfaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm 'um? 'umrawG

emrSjzpfr,fhw&m;awG/

,aeU bkef;BuD;wdkY omoem 2500-'Dbufydkif;rSm vlvmjzpfwJh yk*¾dKvfawGu bk&m;&Sifvufxufuvdk

ÓmPfxufwJh yk*¾dKvfawG r[kwfbl; aemf/ omoem 2500-'Dbufydkif;rSm vlvmjzpfwJh yk*¾dKvfawG[m yk*¾dKvf

twef;tpm;eJU ajymr,fqdk&if ae,syk*¾dKvfeJU y'y&ryk*¾dKvfawG rsm;Muw,f vdkY 'gA[kokw rSwfygaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

yk*¾dKvfu av;rsdK;av;pm;&Sdw,f -

1/ O*¢g#dwnLyk*¾dKvf

2/ 0dyOödwnLyk*d¾Kvf

3/ ae,syk*¾dKvf

4/ y'y&ryk*¾dKvf qdkNyD; 4-rsdK;&Sdw,f/

tJ'DrSm O*¢g#dwnLyk*¾dKvfqdkwmu a&S;b0u yg&rDawG &ifhoefNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;&JUw&m;awmf tusOf;

oacFyudk emMum;&&HkrQeJU r*fzdkvf edAÁmef w&m;&oludkqdkygw,f/

0dyOödwnLqdkwm w&m;tusOf;a[mumrQeJU w&m;r&Edkif? tus,f 0dw¬m&tm;jzifh a[mMum;rS w&m;&wJh

yk*¾dKvfyg/

ae,syk*¾dKvfuawmh w&m;a'oemrsm; emMum;rSwfom;í 0dyóem usifhpOftwkdif; avhvmrSwfom; yGm;rsm;

tm;xkwfrS r*fzdkvfedAÁmef&rnfh yk*¾dKvf-wJh/

y'y&ryk*¾dKvfqdkwm 0dyóemÓmPftodjzpfzdkU yg&rDryg&Smvdk Y r*fzdkvf w&m;xl; r&xdkufao;bJ

r*fzkdvfedAÁmef&a&mufzdkY&ef yg&rDrsKd;aphrQ jzpf½Hk &½Hkyk*¾dKvfudkqdkygw,f/ qdkawmh -- ae,syk*¾dKvf? y'y&ryk*¾dKvf

qdkwmu w&m;awGudk xyfwvJvJ tBudrfBudrf emNyD;wJh w&m;udk 'Dwdkif;aevdkY r&bl;aemf/

w&m;emawmh todrodbl;vm;/ (odygw,fbk&m;) tJ'DodwJh todav;udk xyfwvJvJyGm;&r,f/

b,favmufyGm;&rvJqdkawmh r&rcsif;udk 'um? 'umrawG yGm;&r,f/ tJ'Dvdk yGm;vdkufawmhrS udk,fodoifh

odxdkufwJh w&m;awG&Sd/ odoifhodxdkufwJh w&m;awGodNyD;awmhrS vdkcsifwJh r*fÓmPf zdkvfÓmPf edAÁmefudk &Edkifygw,faemf/

tJ'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wdkY ,aeUacwfonf ae,syk*¾dKvfawGrsm;aom aMumifh w&m;emwmudk a,m*DwdkY

tm;vHk;aom aqGawmfrsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG rysif;ygeJUvdkY owday;yg&ap/ (rSefvSyg)/ tckvnf; ysif;aevdkY

ajymaewm r[kwfygbl;aemf/ 'Dw&m; igemNyD;NyDvdkY rayghvdkufygeJU/ tBudrfBudrf tcgcgtxyfxyfem&r,f? tck

bkef;BuD; q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;&JU toHudk emwmu ESpfaygif; 25-ESpf ruawmhygbl;/ 25-ESpfwkef;u emwmvnf;

'Dw&m;yJ? rajymif;bl;/ ,aeU emaewmvnf; 'Dw&m;yJaemf? rajymif;bl;/

odkYaomf wpfcsdefwpfcsdef emwmeJU wpfcsdefwpfcsdef emwm wlygh rvm;? (rwlygbl;bk&m;)/ w&m;u

ajymif;wmr[kwfbl;/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; &JU toHawmfeJU wdyfacGu wpfcsufuav;rS twdrf;tapmif;r&Sdbl;/

odkYaomf rdrd&JU tcH"mwftm;jzifh wpfESpfeJUwpfESpf wlyghrvm;/ (rwlygbl; bk&m;)/ wpf&ufeJUwpf&uf wlyghrvm;/

(rwlygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'D rwlwJh tay:rSm rlwnfNyD;awmhrS todÓmPfawG uGmoGm;wmaemf/ tJ'Dawmh qdkvdkcsifwmu

bkef;BuD;'gawGudk bmjzpfvdkU tajccHajym&wmvJqdkawmh w&m;emwJhtcgrSm ]][m 'Dw&m;u wdkYodNyD;om;yJ

emxm;NyD;om;yJ}}qdkNyD; ayghayghwefwef jzpfrSmpdk;vdkYyg/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ (&Sif;ygNyDbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh w&m;udk emwJhtcgrSm txl;ojzifh opömw&m; y#dpö orkyÜg'fw&m;awG qdkwmu wpfoufeJUwpfudk,f

wpfoHo&meJU wpfem; em&cJwJhw&m;jzpfaomaMumifh xyfwvJvJ emMuygvkdY tm;vHk;udk,fhrdawG zawG aqGawG

rsdK;awGudk owday;w,faemf/ (rSefvSyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifh ,aeU omoem 2500-'Dbufydkif; bkef;BuD;wdkY

vlvmjzpfwJh yk*¾dKvfawG[m wu,fawmh uRwfwrf;0ifr,fh yk*¾dKvfawGrsm;ygw,f/ uRwfwrf;0ifEdkifr,fh yg&rD&SifawG

rSefaomfvnf;yJ tdyfaysmfaevdkY uRwfwrf;0ifEdkifyghrvm;/ (r0ifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ ttm;ae&if uRwfwrf;0ifEdkifyghrvm;/

5


(r0ifEdkifygbl; bk&m;)/ tvum;ae&ifvnf; (uRwfwrf;r0ifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)? tdk;-om;a&; orD;a&; pD;yGm;a&;eJU

avmuDxJrSm tcsdefukefae&ifvnf;yJ uRwfwrf; 0ifEdkifyghrvm;/ (r0ifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/

'Dawmh uRwfwrf;0ifEdkifwJh yg&rDygaomfvnf; opömudk a[mEdkifwJh q&meJUMuHKOD;rS/ (rSefyghbk&m;) bmeJUMuHK&r,f/

rdrdudk,fwdkifuvnf; opömudk axmifEdkkifwJhem; ygOD;rS? q&morm;eJUvnf; qHkOD;rS? opömudkaxmifEdkifwJh em;vnf;ygOD;rS/

usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omomvnf; &SdOD;rS/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ rvG,fbl;aemf? usef;usef;rmrm r&SdbJ tdyf&mxJ

zsmuyfvJae&if a,m*Dwdk Y 'D&dyfom 'Dpcef;yG JxJ a&mufEd kifyghrvm;/ (ra&mufEd kifygbl;bk&m;)/ aq;½Hk

wifzdkYyJ&SdawmhwmyJaemf/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dw&m; tm;rxkwfEdkifbl;/

aMomf - tck usef;usef;rmrm r&Sdbl;vm;Asm/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ csrf;csrf;omomqdkawmh vlUb0

vlUavmuBuD;rSm pm;Edkif aomufEdkif 0wfEdkif pojzifhayghaemf/ bmyJajymajym txdkuftavsmuf av; reufpm

npmawmh &Sdr,faygh/ 'guawmh tm;vHk;aom aqGawmf rsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG em;vnfNyD;om;ygaemf/

tJ'Dvdkbufaygif;pHku 'gawGnDaevdkY tck a,m*Drsm; pcef;yGJa&mufvmwmaemf/

tJ'Dvdk pcef;yGJ a&mufvmjcif;onf yg&rDjynfhwmvm;? rjynhf wmvm;/ (jynfhwmygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD -

a,m*DwdkY b,favmuf0rf;om p&maumif;ovJaemf/ igwdkY yg&rDawGjynfhaevdkY? bkef;uHawG xl;vdkY/ bmawG

xl;wmvJ/ (bkef;uHawGxl;vdkYygbk&m;/) yg&rDawG jynfhvdkY? bkef;uHawGxl;vdkY 'Dvdkw&m;yGJudka&mufvmwmayghaemf/

opömw&m;udk emEdkifwm bkef;uHrxl;&if emEdkifyghrvm;/ (remEdkifygbl;bk&m;)

at; -- bkef;uHawG xl;vdkY opömw&m;awmh emEdkifNyD/ emNyD;awmh ayghayghwefwefeJU ysif;ae&if a,m*DwdkY

bkef;BuD;wdkY uRwfwrf;0ifEkdifygh rvm;/ (r0ifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ BuD;BuD;i,fi,f &G,f&G,f vwfvwf tm;vHk;

uRwfwrf;0ifEdkifwJh yk*¾dKvfawGvdkY a,m*DwdkUrSwf/ ,kwfpGtqHk; r*fzdkvf edA Ámef&a&mufEdkifr,fh yg&rDrsKd;aph&r,fh

y'y&ryk*¾dKvftjzpfawmh tenf;qHk; &r,frSwfyg/

tJ'Dawmh ckeuajymwJh udk,fhudk,fudk igyg&rDjynfhovm;? rjynfhvm; qdkwm udk,fhudk,fudkar;&if

tajzrxGufbl;vm;/ (xGufygw,fbk&m;)? opömw&m;udka[mwJh q&meJU rqHkbl;vm;/ (qHkygw,fbk&m;)/ opömudk

axmifEdkifwJhem; rygbl;vm;/ (ygygw,fbk&m;)/ usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf; omom r&SdMubl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh ,aeU bufaygif;pHk jynfhpHkae&if a,m*DwdkY 0D&d,wifNyD; oum, r&rae BudK;pm; tm;xkwfr,f qdkwJh

o'¨gw&m;eJU tvkyfvkyfvdkuf&if w&m;r&bJ r&Sdbl;/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh w&m;yGJpwdkif; pwdkif; bkef;BuD;tjrJwrf; 'um? 'umrawG udk owday;w,f/ udk,fhudk,fudk

ayghayghwefwefav; rwGufygeJU? wu,fhudk uHxl;vdkY 'Dtodudk od&w,f? tm;xkwf&w,fvdkY rSwfyg/ vlwpfodef;

wpfa,muf tm;xkwfvdkY vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;bk&m;)/

'g jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mwJh ecoDCokwftwdkif;bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyKwm/ bkef;BuD;pum;vHk; wpfvHk;rS rygbl;aemf/

(rSefvSyg) q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; vnf; xyfwvJvJ rdefUoGm;wm [kwfvm;/ vlwpfaomif;wpfodef;rSm

wpfa,muftm;xkwfvdkY vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;bk&m;)/ rvG,fbl;/ tJ'D rvG,fulwJhtvkyfudk rdrdwdkY

'DuaeUemcGifhtm;xkwfcGifh&wm uHrxl; vdkYvm;? uHxl;vdkYvm;/ (uHxl;vdkYygbk&m;)/

'gaMumifh,aeUw&m;yGJudk a&mufvmwJh tm;vHk; 'um? 'umr aqGawmf rsdK;awmfawG bkef;BuD;u tm;vHk;udkyJ

r[muHxl;&SifBuD;awGvdkY 'Dvdkac:ygw,f/ ajr §mufajymwm [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/ 'um? 'umrawG

ajr §mufvdk Y rjzpfbl;aemf/ 'Da'oempOfawG ajr §mufvdkUvnf;r&bl;/ ajcmufvdk Yvnf;r&bl;/ opömqdkwm

ydka[mvdkYvnf;r&bl;/ avQmha[m vdkYvnf; r&bl;/ trSefudk trSeftwdkif; a[m&wJhw&m;jzpfygw,f/ at;

-- tJ'gaMumifhrdkY ,aeUtm;vHk;aom aqGawmfrsdK;awmf 'um? 'umr awG[m r[muHxl;&SifBuD;awGvdkY udk,fhudk,fudk

ESvHk;oGif;yg/

'Dawmh aumif;NyD? r[muHxl;&SifawGvdkY ESvHk;oGif;NyD;&if wif;wdrf raebJeJU tJ'Duae wpfqifhwuf&rSmu

6


ÓmPfxl;zdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ bmxl;zdkY ta&;BuD;vJ/ (ÓmPfxl;zdkYyg bk&m;)/

ÓmPfxl;zdkY qdkwmuawmh bk&m;yGifhrSxl;rSm/ bk&m;ryGifh&if ÓmPfxl;ygh rvm;/ (rxl;ygbl; bk&m;)/

tJ'DÓmPfpcef;awGqdkwmu b,fvl b,fewf b,fjA[®m b,fodMum; b,f0dZÆmurS a[mEdkifwmr[kwfbl;/

or®morÁK' bk&m;uvGJvdkY usefwJhbk&m;awG a[mEdkif&JUvm;/ (ra[mEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/urÇmay:rSm &SdorQbk&m;awG

b,folrS ra[mEdkifygbl; a,m*DwdkY/ or®morÁK'bk&m; wpfqlu vGJvdkY b,folrS ra[mEdkifygbl;/

'Dvdkjzifh&if Ak'¨&JU w&m;awmf[m pdwful;,Ofw&m;vm;? vufawGU w&m;vm;/ (vufawGU w&m;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'DvufawGUw&m;udk vufawGU tm;xkwfEdkifzdkYtwGuf a,m*DwdkYtwGuf ta&;BuD;w,faygh/ tJ'Dvdk vufawGU

tm;xkwfEdkifzdkYqdkwm ta&;tBuD;qHk;u enf;vrf;? pnf;urf; ta&;BuD;w,f/ bmta&;BuD;vJ/ (enf;vrf;?

pnf;urf;ygbk&m;)/

enf;vrf;? pnf;urf;ta&;BuD;zdkYtwGufudk eHygwf (1)w&m;emyg/ b,fvdk wdkufwGef;ygvdrfh/ (w&m;emyg)/

tJ'D w&m;emwmudk Ómwy&dnm vdkYac:ygw,f/ apmapmu bkef;BuD;acgif;pOfav;awG wyfvmcJhw,faemf/

w&m;emwmudk bmy&dnmac:ygvdrfh/ (Ómwy&dnmygbk&m;)/ 'gawmh odoGm;NyD? odoGm;NyD;&if 'Dtwdkif;xm;vdkY

&yghrvm; (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ od½Hk odae&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfudk w&m;odwJhyk*¾dKvfvdkYyJac:&r,f/ w&m;awG tBudrfBudrf

tcgcgemygvdkY bkef;BuD; a,m*DwdkYudk wdkufwGef;ygw,f/ remvdkY awmhrjzpfbl;/ w&m;awGemvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh

w&m;awG rodbl;vm;/ (odygw,fbk&m;)/ odkYaomf tJ'D w&m;od½Hkav;eJU auseyfaevdkYjzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/

odkYjzifh w&m;odNyD;&if a,m*DwdkY eHygwf (2)w&m;&SdzdkY ta&;BuD; w,f/ eHygwf(2)u (w&m;&SdzdkYygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh tcsufBuD;ESpfcsuf a,m*DwdkYudk aus;Zl;jyKNyDaemf/ tm;vHk;aom aqGawmfrsdK;awmfawG-

eHygwf (1) w&m;odzdkY

eHygwf (2) w&m;&SdzdkY

w&m;rodbJeJU vlUb0rSm wpf&uf wpfv wpfESpf touf&Sifaewm tvum;yJ/ odyfaMumufp&maumif;ygw,f/

todrodbJeJU touf&SifaewJh vlUb0onf tvum;b0jzpfwmaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ wefzdk;&SdwJhvlUb0udk &wJhtcgrSm

wefzdk;&SdwJh vlUb0jzpfatmif eHygwf(1) w&m;odzdkY ta&;BuD; w,f/ w&m;odzdkY ta&; rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,fbk&m;)/

odkYaomf w&m;od½HkeJU odae½HkeJU 'um? 'umrawG vdk&if;tcsuf ra&mufao;bl;/ eHygwf (2)tcsufu

w&m;&Sd&r,f/ bmjzpfvJ/ (w&m; &Sd&r,f)/ tJ'Dawmh w&m;odzdkYtwGufudk w&m;emyg? pmzwfyg? avhvmyg?

usufrSwfyg/ Ómwy&dnm/ w&m;&SdzdkYtwGufudk 'um? 'umrawG cEmudk t&if;wnfí acR;xGufxGuf aoG;xGufxGuf

qdkovdk t½dk;aMuaMu ta& cef;cef; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfr,fqdk&if rdrdrSmodoifhodxdkuf &oifh&xdkuf &Sdoifh &SdxdkufwJh

w&m;awG r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'gjzifh a,m*D wdkY&JUwm0efu w&m;odzdkY&,f? w&m;&SdzdkY&,f/ bmygvdrfh/

(w&m;odzdkU&,f? w&m;&Sdzdk Y&,f)/ tJ w&m;odzdk Yuawmh q&morm;u wm0ef,lr,f/ w&m;&Sdzdk Y uawmh

udk,fhwm0efudk,f,l&r,f/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

a,m*DwdkY 'DuaeU tck bkef;BuD;ajymwJh wm0efub,fESpfckygvdrhf/ (ESpfckygbk&m;)/ w&m;odzdkYeJU w&m;&SdzdkYyg/

w&m;odzdkYuawmh q&morm; rsm;u bk&m;a[ma'oemtwdkif; 'DrSm tcky#dpöorkyÜg'f axmufNyD; a[m ay;r,f/

tJ'Dawmh w&m;&SdzdkYtwGufuawmh wjcm;vkyf&rSmvm;? tm;xkwf &rSmvm;/ (tm;xkwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ at; --

tJ'Dawmh odzdkYtwGufudk w&m;em&r,fqdkawmh t"dutm;jzifh w&m;awGu "r®u©E ¨maygif; &Spfaomif; av;axmif

'um? 'umrawG emvdkY 'Dwpfoufrukefbl;/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG tukefvHk;emEdkifygOD;rvm;/

(remEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ bkef;BuD;wdkYvnf; tukefvHk;rodbl;/ tukefvHk;vnf; ra[mEdkifbl;/ 'um? 'umrawGvnf;

tukefvHk; ravhvmEdkifawmhbl;/ tJ'Dawmh udk,feJU tyfpyfwJh w&m;av;awG twdkif;twmtm;jzifhomvQif vdk&if;av;udk

,lNyD;awmh w&m;a[m w&m;emwwfMuzdkUyGJvdkygw,f/

tJ'Dawmh w&m;a[m w&m;emvdkufNyDqdkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[m awmfrlcJhwJh w&m;awmfawGudk

7


tusOf;csHK;vdkufwJhtcgrSmawmh okwf 0denf; tbd"r®mayghAsm/ bmwJhvJ/ (okwf 0denf; tbd"r®m)/ 'gudk w&m;udk,f

aumufvdkufawmh t"doDv t"dpdwå t"dynm 3-ck ygyJ/ tusOf;csKHU vdkufwmayghaemf/ tJ'gudk tus,fcsJUvdkufawmh

"r®u©Emaygif; &Spfaomif; av;axmif r&Sdbl;vm;/ at;-- 'Dawmh aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u tus,fudk

tusOf;av; vkyfNyD;awmh tcsdefwdkwdkeJU vdk&if;av; a&mufatmif 'um? 'umrawGudk aus;Zl;jyKoGm;w,f/ tJ'gudk

bkef;BuD;wdkYu avhvmrdorQ rSwfom;rdorQ 'um? 'umrawGudk xyfqifhíwdkufwGef;&if;eJU wwfEdkiforQ nTef;ay;rSm

jzpfygw,faemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeU w&m;pcef;yGJrSm ,ckpNyD;awmh ,aeUbkef;BuD; oifwef;p a[mwJhaeUuae (10)&uf

pcef;NyD;wJhtxdwdkifatmifawmhjzifh bkef;BuD;wdkYÓmPfeJU 'Davmufus,f0ef;wJh w&m;udk ra[mEdkifbl;/ bkef;BuD;wdkY

ÓmPfvnf;rrSDbl;/ bmvdk YvJqdkawmh us,f0ef;wJh w&m;udk;/ tifrwef us,f0ef;wJh w&m;jzpfw,f/

&SiftmeE´mudk,fawmfjrwfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;u cyfvG,fvG,frxifeJUvdkU twm;cH&wJhw&m;yJ/

tJ'g wjcm;r[kwfbl;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;/ bmw&m;ygvdrhf/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f w&m;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh a,m*Dwdk Yw&m;em&r,fqdkawmh 'gew&m;vnf; em&rSmyJ? oDvw&m;vnf;em&rSmyJ?

orxw&m;awGvnf; em&rSmyJ? 0dyóem w&m;vnf; em&rSmyJ/ tJ'Dw&m;awG tukefvHk;emEdkifzdkYtwGufudk

tajccH ta&;tBuD;qHk;w&m;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;vm;/ (y#dpö orkyÜg'fw&m;ygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh&if

y#dpöorkyÜg'f w&m;udkrem&if 'um? 'umrawG twGufu tqifrajybl;/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f

w&m;qdkwm[m udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fajymwJhw&m;? udkk,fhtaMumif;udk,f odwJhw&m;/

y#dpöorkyÜg'f ,ckvdk oifwef;awGudk emw,f? a[mw,fqdkwmu olrsm;taMumif;ajymwmvm;?

udk,fhtaMumif;udk,fajymwmvm;/ (udk,fh taMumif;udk,fajymwmygbk&m;)/ t&yfom;wpfOD;wpfa,muf taeeJU-

]][m-- udk,fhtaMumif;udk,fodwmaygh? vlwdkif;udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fodwm aygh/ t&Sifbk&m; a[mrSvm;/}}a[m/

udk,fhtaMumif;udk,f odwmu tay:,H aMumodwJh todyJ/ wu,fh bk&m;tvdkawmfusodwJh tod[kwf&JUvm;/

(r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/ tvum;ajymwm/ udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fodw,fqdkwm/q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ajymwmu cifAsm;wdkYu

udk,fh[mudk,frSef;awmh t&yfxJ awmh vlvnfvkyfaew,fwJh/ udk,fhudk,fudk bmjzpfvdkY jzpfrSef;odwJh yk*¾dKvf awG

r[kwfbl;wJh/ 'gavmuf twJhewJh yk*¾dKvfawGwJhaemf/ tcktcsdefusrS bkef;BuD;qDa&mufvm? bkef;BuD;rdkYvdkY cifAsm;wdkYudk

aya[maewm -- a[m/ q&mawmf 'DvdkqHk;rwm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fodw,f rodbl;qdkwmudk q&mawmf BuD; b,fvdkrdefUoGm;vJ? 'g

bkef;BuD;ÓmPfeJUa[mwm r[kwfbl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg bk&m;)/ 'um? 'umrawG cifAsm;wdkYudk ar;vdkufr,fqdk&if

'g -- q&mawmf xyfwvJvJa[mwm bkef;BuD;owd&wmav; jyefajymjy aewm/ b,foleJUaevJqdk&if

wynfhawmfwdkYbk&m; -- tdk;tdrf&SdwJholu tdk;tdrfeJU aew,fvdkYajymwmwJh? om;orD;&SdwJholu om;orD;eJU? rdb&SdwJh

yk*¾dKvfu rdbeJU? aqGeJUrsdK;eJU b,foleJU b,f0geJU/ avmu orkwd taeeJU rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,fbk&m;)/

rSefygw,f? rrSm;ygbl;/ udk,fu 'gyJodvdkY 'gyJajymwmav/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)

'Dvdkjzifh rdbeJUaewJh yk*¾dKvfu rdbeJUwpfoufvHk;aevdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;aemf/ pNyD;

tl0Jqdkuwnf;u rdbeJUaewm/ a[m--tcsdefwef t&G,fa&mufawmh olUtawmiftcuftvufpHkawmh

rysH bl;vm;/ (ysHygw,fbk&m;)/ rdbeJUaevdkY&ao;&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ wpfoufvHk;aevdkYr&bl;/ cPav;yJaewm/

aeygqdkvnf; 'um? 'umrawG aeEdkifyghrvm;/ (raeEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ tckyJ udk,fhaqGrsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG

udk,fhudk,fudkyJ ar;Munfh/ raeEdkifvdkYvJ rdb&ifcGifu cGJxGufvm Muwm r[kwfbl;vm;/ ESpfaygif;udk renf;bl;/

qdkvdkwmu wpfoufvHk;aevdkY r&bl;vdkYajymwm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh rdbeJUwpfoufvHk; aevdkYr&awmh a[m -- 'Dvdkjzifh om;orD;awGeJUaejyefw,f/ qdkMuygpdkU?

om;orD;awGaum wpfoufvHk; aevdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ udk,fvnf;yJ rdb&ifcGifu tawmif tcuftvuf

8


pHkawmh xGufvmNyD;awmh udk,fhom;orD;awGvnf;yJ tcsdef wefMuawmh roGm;Mubl;vm;/ (oGm;ygw,fbk&m;)/

oGm;wmyJ/ b,foleJUrS 'um? 'umrawG wpfoufvHk;wGJvdkY r&bl;/ [m -- ZeD; cifyGef;awG &SdMuw,f/ [m-

-awmfawmfMum wpfa,mufu aooGm;jyefNyD/ awmfawmf Mum wpfa,mufu aooGm;jyefNyD/ wpfoufvHk;

aevdkY&Mu&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ udk,fu t&ifaorvm;? olu t&ifaorvm; rodbl;aygh/

tJ'Dawmh 'gawGudkajymwmuawmh rrSm;aomfvnf;yJ 'um?'umrawG vdk&if; rjynfhpHkygbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh

'um? 'umrawG t"du tcsuf wpfcsuf usefaew,fwJh/ 'gawGu acwåcP ,m,Daewmav;aemf/ rdbeJU

aew,fqdkwm wpfoufvHk;aevdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ cPav;&,f/ om;orD; ZeD; cifyGef;eJU aevnf;

wpfoufvHk; aevdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ cPav;&,faemf/ tJ'DavmufyJ 'um? 'umrawGu odNyD;vkdY

ajymwm/ olUtwdkif;twmeJUol ajymwmudk;/ wu,fhwu,fusawmh wu,f twlaewJU yk*¾dKvfudk b,folrS

rodbl;/ b,fodrvJ/ olu ÓmPfeJUomvQif od&wJhudpöjzpfawmh bk&m;wpfqlwpfql yGifhvmrS 'um?

'umrawGodwmwJh/ uJ--vG,fwJhtod[kwf&JUvm;/(r[kwfygbl;) tifrwef cufcJeufeJw,faemf/

'DawmhrS q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u bk&m;yGifhvmwJhtcgrS rdrdwdkYtwl aevmwm cEmudkajymrSef;odwmwJh/

cE¨mqdkawmh b,folrS ra[mEdkifbl;/ or®morÁK'bk&m;uvGJvdkY b,fola[mEdkifovJ/ (ra[mEdkifygbl;)/ b,folrS

ra[mEdkifbl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmf jrwfBuD; avmuyGifhxGef; ay:aygufawmfrlwJhtcgrS

cE¨mtaMumif; a[mawmh wmyJ/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG b0udkpwm wjcm;u pwmvm;?

Zmwdu pwmvm;/ (Zmwdupwmygbk&m;)/

qefBuD; rBuD;ygapeJU

trd0rf;xJrSm pNyD;Zmwd&awmh 'DcE ¨meJU rae&bl;vm;/ (aeygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh trd0rf;xJrSm

pNyD;aewmvnf; b,foleJUae&wmvJ/ (cEmeJUygbk&m;)/ aemuftrd0rf;uae 9-v? 10-v aeawmh xGufvm

awmhvnf; vom;av;jzpfvmwm? b,foleJUvJ/ (cE¨meJUyg bk&m;)/ tdk -- tJ'Duae touft&G,fawG

BuD;jyif;vmwmvnf; b,foleJUvJ/ (cEmeJUygbk&m;)/ tkdvmwmvnf; b,foleJUvJ/ (cEmeJU) aoawmhvnf; (cEmeJU)/

cGJwJhtcsdef&Sdvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ b,fawmhrS wpfoufvHk; rcGJwmudk arhaew,f? rodbl;/ 'g-- aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmf

bk&m;BuD; tifrwefudk yd#uwf oHk;yHkudk EdIufEdIufcRwfcRwf avhvmawmh ay:NyD;awmh bkef;BuD;wdkY a[m --

ckajymvdkufawmhodoGm;NyD/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

uJ-- 'Dvdkjzifh tm;vHk;aom a,m*Drsm; bkef;BuD;wpfckar;ygr,f/ b,foleJUae (cEmeJUae)/ [kwfNyD --

'gbk&m;yGifhwJhtoHyJ/ tif; -- EdkYrdkYqdk&if wynfhawmfwdkYbk&m; tdk;eJUtdrfeJUaew,f? bmeJUaew,f/ nm eJUaew,f/

½IyfyGaewmyJ/ a[m -- tck b,foleJUae/ (cEmeJUaeygw,f bk&m;/) aoawmhvnf; b,foleJUaoMurSmvJ/

(cEmeJUygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD tjrifrSef&oGm;NyD/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm; (&Sif;ygw,f bk&m;)/

tJ'D cEmeJUaew,fqdkawmh 'g -- udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fodwm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'DcEmuvnf; b,fuygvmwJh cEmvJqdkawmh taMumif;aMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;cEm/ 'Dvdkjzifh taMumif;

onfwjcm;vm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'fvm;/ t0dZÆm ocFg&pwJh a&S;a&S;aomtaMumif; awGudk y#dpöorkyÜg'fvdkUac:w,f/

odkUaomf taMumif;rSefvQif tusdK;eJUruif; EdkifvdkU ocFg&0dnmOfpwJh aemufaemuftusdK;w&m;pkudkvnf; y#dpö

orkyÜg'f vdkYyJac:a0:&wmyJ/ pmvdkuawmh ypö,omr*¾ð y#dpö orH o[ p ypö,kyEé "ar® OyÜga'wDwd y#dpöorkyÜga'g

= qdkif&mtaMumif;awG aygif;qHk nDnGwf wmudk tpGJjyKNyD; tusdK;w&m;awGjzpfapwwfwm y#dpöorkyÜg'f --wJh/

uJ -- 'Dawmh ckeu pum;jyefqufr,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkYa,m*Drsm; b,foleJUaeMu/ (cEmeJUaeMuwmygbk&m;)/

b,foleJUpm; (cE ¨meJUpm;ygw,f bk&m;)/ b,foleJUoGm; (cE ¨meJUoGm;ygw,fbk&m;)/ b,foleJUaor,f

(cEmeJUaorSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'DcEmu b,fu&vmovJqdk&if taMumif;aMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;/ w&m;u

9


vdk&if;tcsufuav; ajymwmaygh aemf/ odkYjzifh&if vufpowf y#dpöorkyÜg'fqdkwJh w&m;u vm; -- vm; wdkYudpö

ajymaewmyJ/ udk,fhjzpfpOf ajymaewmyJ/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'gaMumifh rdkYvdkY y#dpöorkyÜg'feJU vGwfaom w&m;[lí

avmurSmr&Sdbl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)

'gaMumifh bk&m;NyD;&if bk&m;vdkMunfndK&wJh t&Sif om&dykwå&m vuf,m&H ynmrSm {w'*f&wJh &[EÅmBuD;u

rdefUoGm;w,f/

]]a,m y#dpöorkyÜg'H yówd? aom "r®H yówd}} wJh/

- tMuifolonf y#dpöorkyÜg'fudkod\/

xdkolonf w&m;od\/

- tMuifolonf y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd rod/

xdkolonf w&m;udkrod/

qdkawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk od&if a,m*DwdkY bmudkodr,f/ (w&m;udk odygw,f bk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk rodbl;qdk&if

(w&m;udkrodygbl;bk&m;)/ aMomf y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk rodvdkY w&m;rodbl;qdk&if tifrwef tzdk;wefwJh vlUb0BuD;

tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;wmaygh/ (rSefvSyg)/ wpfaeUvmvnf;yJ pm;a&;? aea&;? 0wfa&;? om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;awGeJU

tcsdefawGukefaewmaemf/ atmifrav; -- ukefoGm;wJhtcsdefawG ESajrmzdkYaumif;vdkufwm/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f rodbJeJU

toufawGBuD;aewm tvum;BuD;yJaygh/

tJ'gudk bkef;BuD;wdkY aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u b,favmufu½kPmeJU qHk;rovJqdk&if

'um<u,fwdkY OD;vSbl;wdkY/ cifAsm;wdkY toufawG 60? 70-awG &SdvmukefMuNyDwJh/ 'DtodawG ckrSodw,f/

wpfoufvHk;BuD;aewmuqefBuD; BuD;aewmwJh/ bmBuD;BuD;vJ/ (qefBuD; BuD;wmygbk&m;)/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm qefa&pyg;awG

aygawmh pm;csifwdkif;pm; BuD;w,fqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fudk q&mawmf rdefUoGm;wm/ tvum;BuD; BuD; aew,fvdkYajymwm/

tyg,fudkoGm;r,fh tBuD;BuD;aew,fvdkYajymwm/ 'Dvkdjzifh 'Dpum;vHk;udk q&mawmfoHk;wm 'um? 'umrawG

tjypfwifwmvm;? u½kPmeJUqHk;raewmvm;/ (u½kPmeJU qHk;raewmygbk&m;)/ tyg,fusrSm pdk;vdkY? tyg,fusrSmpdk;vdkY/

&Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh qefBuD;rBuD;bJeJU ÓmPfBuD;BuD;&if vlUb0rSm wpf&uf uav;yJae& ae& rjrwfbl;vm;/

(jrwfygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'DvdkjrwfzdkY qdkawmh wjcm;od&rSmvm;? w&m;od&rSmvm;/ (w&m;od&rSmygbk&m;)/

&nf&G,fcsufeJUvkyfaqmifcsuf

tJ'Dawmh ,aeUa,m*Drsm; 'Dae&mudka&mufvmwJh t"du &nf&G,fcsufu wjcm;twGufvm;? edAÁmef

twGufvm;/ (edAÁmeftwGufyg bk&m;)/ [kwfNyD -- nuwnf;u ajymcJhNyDaemf/

tck&dyfomudk tqif;&Jtyifyef;cH tdk;ypftdrfypf tcsdefawG tukef cHNyD; vmwJh&nf&G,fcsufu wjcm;

&nf&G,fcsufvm;? edAÁmef&nf&G,fcsufvm;/ (edAÁmef&nf&G,fcsufygbk&m;)/ edAÁmefqdkwJh w&m;uawmh Ak'bmom0ifawG

olawmfpifawG &if;ESD;NyD;om;rdkYvkdU bkef;BuD;wdkY ajym&wm/ tjcm;bmomjcm; wpfa,mufqkd&if edAÁmefqdkwJhpum;

xnfhajymvdkYr&ao;bl;/ edAÁmefudk rajym ao;bJ edAÁmefeJUywfoufwJh qDavsmfwJh pum;vHk;av; bkef;BuD;wdkY

wpfqifhpD wpfqifhpD 'Dvkdudkajym&wm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ edAÁmefqdkwJh pum;vHk;udk ajym&if oleJU ywfoufNyD; trsm;BuD;

wpfaeukefudk &Sif;ae&wm/ odkYaomf 'DrSmawmh tm;vHk; Ak'bmom0if olawmfpifawGjzpfonfhtwGufaMumifhrdkYvdkY

tm;vHk; em;vnfxm;wJh edAÁmefqdkwJhpum;vHk;udk a&G;NyD;awmh vkd&if;av; ajymvdkufwm aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh edAÁmefqdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJU ,aeU 'Dudka&mufvmw,f/ tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY oifwef;q&mrsm;?

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rdefUoGm;wmu ]]&nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&if &nf&G,fcsufeJU avsmfnDwJh vkyfaqmifcsuf &Sd&r,f}}wJh/

'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkYtm;vHk;aom a,m*DawGrSm ESpfcsuf&Sdw,faemf/ (&nf&G,fcsuf&,f? vkyfaqmifcsuf&,f)/

10


&nf&G,fwm[m bmtwGuf/ (edAÁmef)/ bkef;BuD; nu a,m*DwdkYudk owday;xm;w,faemf/ 'Dudka&muf vmwmu

pm;p&mr&SdvkdUvmwm [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/ 0wfp&m r&SdvdkY vmwm [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/

aep&m xkdifp&m r&SdvdkY vmwm [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/ tdk; -- rdwfopf aqGopfawG &SmzdkY twGufvnf;

vmwm[kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/ bm&nf&G,f csufeJUvJ/ (edAÁmef&nf&G,fcsufygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/ edAÁmefudk

&nf&G,f&if wjcm;udpöawG tukefazsmufxm;vdkuf/

ta&;tBuD;qHk;tvkyfu edAÁmefudk a&muf&ma&mufaMumif; tvkyfu vGJí wjcm;vkyfaqmifcsufawG 'um?

'umrwdkYvkyfaevdkYjzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpf ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if edAÁmefudkvdkcsif&if edAÁmefeJU avsmfnDwJh vkyfaqmif

csuf[m r*¾ifyJ&Sdw,f? bmygvdrfh/ (r*¾ifygbk&m;)/ 'gudk r[mowdy|me okwfrSm -

{um,aem t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g

jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;wm/ a[h -- ESpfckr&Sdbl;? wpfckxJyJ &Sdw,f a,m*DwdkY/ edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKEdkifzdkY (0g)

edAÁmefudk &EdkifzdkY[m ESpfaMumif; &Sdwmvm;? wpfaMumif;wnf; &Sdwmvm;/ (wpfaMumif;wnf;ygbk&m;)/ ]]{um

,aem t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g}}/ tJ'Dvrf; wpfaMumif;wnf;oGm;? wjcm; r[kwfbl;/ r*¾ifvrf;yJ/ bmvrf;ygvdrfh/

(r*¾ifvrf;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'D r*¾ifvrf;qdkwm uóy jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; y&dedAÁmefpHNyD;awmh tJ'Dvrf;aysmufoGm;wm?

vrf;aysmufoGm;w,f/ b,fvdkrS udk vrf;udk&SmwJh 'um? 'umrawG yk*¾dKvfray:bl;/ odMum;awG jA[®m awG

ewfawG 0dZÆmawG wefcdk;&SifawG ,aeUavmueJU ajymaew,fayghav? tJ'Dvrf; &SmEdkif&JUvm;/ (r&SmEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/

pOf;awmif rpOf;pm;bl;/ &SmzdkYqdkwm rajymeJU/ odkYaomf a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; yGifhvmawmhrS

tJ'Dvrf;udk oludk,fwdkif&SmazGNyD;awmh tyifyef;cHNyD; ravQmuf bl;vm;/ (avQmufygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dvrf;udk &Smwmu csufcsif;oGm;vdkY csufcsif;awGUwmr[kwfbl;/ av;oacsFeJU urÇmwpfodef; &Sm&wmwJhAsm/

b,favmuf&Sm&wmvJ? (av;oacsFeJU urÇmwpfodef;)/ bkef;BuD;wdkY tbbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; 'Dvrf;udk

a&mufzdkU&Smvmwm b,favmufvJ? (av;oacsFeJU urÇmwpfodef;yg bk&m;)/ enf;enf; aemaemvm;/ 'Dvrf;udk

&Smvmwm/ tck a,m*DwdkYuMunfh 'D 10-&ufxJeJU 'Dvrf;[m 'gygvm;vdkY od&w,fqdkawmh ckeajymovdk

uHrxl;vdkYvm;? uHxl;vdkYvm; (uHxl;vdkYygbk&m;)/

[dkrSm av;oacsF urÇmwpfodef;&SmwJh yk*¾dKvfawG 'Dvrf;udk? tck a,m*DwdkYu 'Dvrf;udkb,fESpf&ufvJ/

(10-&ufxJygbk&m;)/ aemf10-&uf xJeJU tJ'Dvrf;udk awGU&w,fqdkawmh [m-- wu,fhuHxl;wmayghaemf/

qkawmif;jynfhvdkY 'Dtvkyfudk vkyfae&wmaemf/ qkawmif;rjynfh&if 'Dtvkyfudk vkyfEdkifygOD;rvm;/ (rvkyfEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/

odkYaomf udk,fhudk qkawmif;jynfhrSef; rodwJhtcgusawmh ab;em;u yk*¾dKvfuvnf; aMomf -- cifAsm;wdkY

qkawmif;jynfhaeNyDvdkY rajymawmh rodbl;aygh/ rodwJhtcgusawmh ukd,fh udk,fudk rjynfhao;bl; atmufarhNyD;

'um? 'umrawG -- avQmufNyD; awmif;awmhwmygyJAs/ 0goemawmfawmfBuD;w,f/ tawmif;0goemu BuD;wmudk;/

b,fae&mrSm qkawmif;jynfhw,fqdk&if oGm;awmif;jyefNyD - a[m--rawmif;bl;vm;/ (awmif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

b,fbkef;BuD; bmjzpfNyDqdk oGm;awmif;jyefNyD/ a[m -- rawmif;bl;vm;/ (awmif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

'Dwpfywf a,m*D enf;enf;avsmhoGm;w,f? bkef;BuD; -- a,m*D awGud k owdjyKrdw,f/

enf;enf;avsmhoGm;w,f/ 'D&moD avsmhavsmhae w,f? b,fhES,fhaMumifhygvJvdkY pOf;pm;aew,f/ tif; -- ckeajymwJh

0goem rpGefUEd ki fwmeJUwlw,f/ bm0goemvJ/ (tawmif;0goemygbk&m;)/ tawmif; 0goemawG/

tcktxufjrefrmjynf awmifjyHK;yGJwufNyD; awmif;MuNyD/ aMomf- udk,fhrdawG zawG aqGawG rsdK;awG 0goem

rpGefUbl;/ awmif;wJh 0goemu oHo&mu ygvmwmudk;As/ udk,fjynfhwm jynfhrSef;rodbl;/ a,m*DwdkY/ &Sif;aum

&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ bkef;BuD;tjypfwifaewmvm;? u½kPmeJU aus;Zl;qyfaewmvm;/ (u½kPmeJU

aus;Zl;qyfwmygbk&m;)/ tjypfwifp&m vnf;r&Sdbl;aemf/ b,folrS tjypfwifzkdY rvdkbl;/ trSefudk jrifapcsifvdkY/

11


&Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeU ]]{um,aem t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g}}qdkwJhvrf;udk 'DrSm 10-&ufavmufav;eJU a,m*DwdkY

'Dw&m;emvdkufvdkY rdrdwdkY xdkufwef wJh tm;eJUayghaemf/ 'Dvlodayr,fh [dkvlodcsifrS odOD;rSmyg/ 'Dvl 'Davmuf

odayr,fh [dkvltrsm;BuD;odr,f/ [dkvl trsm;BuD;odayr,fh 'Dvl enf;enf; odcsifodr,faygh/ udk,fhtcH"mwfcsif;

rwlbl;aemf/ twdkif;twmav; wpfck tm;jzifh 10-&ufavmufeJUa,m*DwdkY rodEdkifbl;vm;/ (odEkdifygw,f)/

tJ'Dvdk odEdkifwm [dkrSm av;oacsFeJUurÇmwpfodef; yg&rDjznfhrS od&wJh w&m;udk tck 10-&ufavmufeJU

od&w,fqdkawmh a,m*Dwdk Y qkawmif;jynfhvdk Yvm;? rjynfhvkd Yvm;/ (jynfhvdkUygbk&m;)/ jynfhaevdkUaemf/

aemufxyfawmif;OD;rvm;/ (rawmif;awmhygbl;bk&m;)/ trav; tJ'DtoHMum;&wm tarmajyvdkufwm?

0goemygvdk Yawmif;csif&ifvnf; awmif;OD;aemf/ tcsdKUusawmh awmif;½Hkwif r[kwfbl;/ enf;enf;yg;yg;

rçwmjyKwmav;yg&Sdao;w,f/ a[m -- tJ'g uvnf; xyfwvJvJMuHK&if bkef;BuD;uajymrdajymrdaew,f --

aemf/

'gvnf;rajymvdk Yrjzpfbl;/ rBudKufvnf; ajymudkajym&awmhrSmudk;As/ udk,fhudk,fudk jzpfrSef;rod

jzpfaewJhudpördkUvdkUyg/ tJ'Dawmh wpfcsdKUu rauseyfwJhtcgusawmh ausmufwHk;awGU ausmufwHk;awG0ifrçao;wm/

udk,fjynfhvm; rjynfhvm;qdkwm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ ausmufwHk; rçawmh ausmufwHk;qdkwm

ayghwmvm;/ av;wmvm;/ (av;wmygbk&m;) b,fausmufwHk;oGm;rç r --b,fawmhrS ayghrjybl;/ av;wmyJ/

av;w,fqdkwm txufwufwmvm;? atmufqif;wmvm;/ (atmufqif;wmygbk&m;)/ toufr&SdwJh

ausmufwHk;uawmif pum;ajymr,f -- aemf/ rçwJh yk*¾dKvfudkayghav/ cifAsm; rçwmu uRefawmf ajymaew,f?

t"dyÜm,f--t"dyÜm,fu ausmufwHk;uajymaewm/ olajymNyDwJh/ qif;vdrfh r,fwJh/ a[m--txufwufwmvm;?

atmufqif;wmvm;/ atmufqif; wmyg/ ausmufwHk;uajymw,f/ qif;rSmaocsmw,fwJh/ atmufqdkwm bmvJ/

i&J wd&pämef Nydwåm tol&um,f aocsmw,fwJh/ tJ'g uJ-udk,fhaqGawmf rsdK;awmfawG owdom xm;awmh/

tJ'DaocsmwJh txJawmh rygapeJUaemf/ tJ'DvdkygrSmpdk;vdkY bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyKaew,fvkdY ,lyg/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

(&Sif;ygw,f)/

NyD;awmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]{um,aem t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g}} qdkwmu wpfaMumif;wnf;aomvrf;yJ&Sdw,f/

tJ'Dvrf;u wjcm;vrf;vm;? r*¾ifvrf;vm;? (r*¾ifvrf;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D r*¾ifvrf;qdkwJh vkyfaqmifcsuf udk 'um?

'umrawG vkyfprf;yg/ reuftm;xkwf&if nae r&Edkifbl;vm;/ (&Edkifygw,fbk&m;)/ nae tm;xkwf&if

reufr&Edkifbl;vm;/ (&Edkifygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Davmuf 'um? 'umrawG enf;vrf;pnf;urf;&xm;wmaemf/

tifrwefbkef;uH xl;ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tajymeJU auseyf&rSmvm;? vufawGU vkyfMunfh&rSmvm;/

(vufawGUvkyf&rSmygbk&m;)/ olrsm;yg;pyfzsm; vrf; rqHk;ygeJUa,m*DwdkY/ vufawGUvkyfMuprf;ygaemf/

cE¨m&JUpum;udkem;axmif

tJ'D vufawGUvkyfEdkifzdkY enf;vrf;pnf;urf; jzpfwJh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mwJh w&m;awmfudk aus;Zl;&Sif

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ygVdawmfawGudk,l NyD;awmh jrefrmjyefra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D jrefrmjyefa[mwJh

w&m;awmfawGudk bkef;BuD;wdkY aqGawmfrsdK;awmfawGudk xyfNyD;awmh wdkufwGef; aewmaemf/ tJ'Dawmh &nf&G,fcsufu

bmygvdrf h/ (edA Ámefygbk&m;)/ &nf&G,fcsuf edA ÁmefrSefaomfvnf;yJ vkyfaqmifcsufrSm;ae&if edA Ámefudk

rsufarSmufjyKEdkifMuyghrvm;/ (rjyKEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh vlU b0rSm b,f[m wdkYtwGuf ta&;BuD;vJ? b,f[m

ta&;rBuD;bl;vJ/ b,f[m eHygwfwpfvJ? b,f[m eHygwfESpfvJ? udk,fhudk,fudk qHk;jzwfzdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ (rSefvSyg)/

'Dawmh ololigig ykxkZOfrSeforQ udk,fa&m ola&m tukefvHk; ayghaemf? bmawG ta&;BuD;vJqdkawmh

vl&,fvdkYjzpfvm&if txufwef; usus rsufESmyef;vSvS tppt&m&m vlwef;aphaeEdkifzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f/ tif; -

12


- yxrt&G,f ynmoif&r,f? 'kwd,t&G,f Opöm &Sm&r,fa[h? at; -- wwd,t&G,f ukodkvf&SmMuwmaygh/

eDwdq&m awGuvnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ nTef;xm;wmyJ/ 'um? 'umrwdkY bkef;BuD;wdkYvnf; wpfoufvHk; 'Dwdkif;yJ

rusifhoHk;bl;vm;/ (usifhoHk;ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh ynm&Smae&if; aowJholawG wpfyHkBuD;yJ/ aeUwdkif; owif;pmxJMunfhav/

ema&;owif;awG rawGUbl;vm;/ (awGUygw,fbk&m;)/

'kwd,t&G,faemf? Opöm&SmwJht&G,fawG owif;pmxJaeUwdkif;yg aewm/ wwd,t&G,fra&mufbl;/

tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfawG 'DvdkeJU yxrt&G,f 'kwd,t&G,frSm ukodkvfa&; rvkyfbJeJUrsm; aor,fqdk&if avmbeJU a'goeJU

arm[eJU rmeeJU 'd|deJU aoMuwmyJ/ tJ'Davmb a'goawG[m wjcm;vm;? udavomvm; (udavom ygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfawG txufwufrSmvm;? atmufqif;rSmvm;/ (atmufqif;rSmygbk&m;)/ aocsmayguf atmufqif;w,f

qdkwm qHk;jzwfcsufcsyg/

tJ'Dawmh ta&;BuD;wmu eDwdq&mawGu olU[meJUol b0&JU avmutaMumif;taeeJU 'um? 'umrawG

ajymjyaomfvnf; bkef;BuD; y,fawmh ry,fbl;ayghaemf/ ta&;BuD;wmu cE¨meJU[yfwmudk trSef,lyg/ cEmeJU

[yfwmudk trSef,lawmh i,fwJholvnf; bmjzpfrvJ/ aorSmyJ/ raoEdkifbl;vm;/ (aorSmygbk&m;)/ BuD;wJholvnf;

aorSmyJ/ vlvwfawGvnf; aorSmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh aowmu BuD;w,f i,fw,f &G,fw,f? yxrt&G,f 'kwd,t&G,f

wwd,t&G,fapmifh&JUvm;/ (rapmifhygbl;bk&m;)/ ,ckaorif;u ac:&if ,ckvdkuf&rSmjzpfawmh 'um? 'umrwdkY

bkef;BuD;wdk Yu taou ac:vdk Yrsm;vdkufoGm;vdk Yu ÓmPfrOD;&if wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,foGm;rSmvm;/

(tyg,foGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh eDwdq&mawG&JU pum;udk 'Dae&mrSm y,fwmawmh r[kwfbl;/ em;axmifvkdYuawmh

rjzpfbl;/ cEm&JUpum;udk em;axmif&r,f/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh aemufv 'um? 'umrawG touf&Sifr,fvdkY b,fol tmrcHrvJajym? tmrcHvdkYr&bl;/

aemufpcef; w&m;tm;xkwfygr,fvdkY tmrcHvdkYr&bl;/ 'g -- bk&m;a[mtwdkif;aemf/ auG;aomvuf rqefUrD

qefUaomvuf rauG;rD raoEdkifbl;vm;/ (aoEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Davmuf xdawmif jrwfpGmbk&m;u

a[mxm;ygvsufu,feJU bkef;BuD;wdkY'um? 'umrawG yxrt&G,f 'kwd,t&G,f wwd,t&G,fvdkY 'gawGavQmufa&G;

ae&if udk,fhudk,fudk wr*Fvma&Smif&mra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f bk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh ta&;BuD;qHk;u

a[m'Dr*¾iftvkyfudk uHaumif;wkef; ÓmPfaumif;wkef; t&G,faumif;wkef; tcgaumif;wkef;udk jrefjrefqefqef

tm;xkwfxm;zdkYta&;BuD;w,f/ 'DvdkrS tm;rxkwfbJeJU aemufusoGm;&if 'um? 'umrwdkY bkef;BuD;wdkYtwGuf

udk,fusdK;enf;yg vdrfhr,f/

tJ'Dawmh &nf&G,fcsufonf bmygvdrh f/ (edA Ámefygbk&m;)/ &nf&G,f csufedA ÁmefrSefaomfvnf;yJ

apmapmuajymovdk vlUb0rSm txufwef; usus rsufESmyef;vSvSeJU pm;a&;? aea&;? 0wfa&;? usef;rma&;?

om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&; 'gawGudk OD;pm;ay;vdkY zswfceJaooGm;&if b,foGm; rvJ/ (i&Jygbk&m;)/ ajrBuD;eJU

vufeJUcwfvkdU vGJcsifvGJr,f/ tyg,fuawmh rvGJbl;/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dvdk rvGJbl;vdkYod&if 'DaeUbkef;BuD;wdkY 'um?

'umrawG tifrwefuHxl;wJh r[muHxl;&Sifqdkawmh tck r*¾ifvrf;udk vdkuf&rSmAs/ bmvrf;udkvkduf&r,f/

(r*¾ifvrf;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D r*¾ifvrf; vdkufzdkYu wjcm;vdkwmvm;? q&mvdkwmvm;/ (q&mvdkwmygbk&m;)/ q&m

odyfta&;BuD;NyD/ 'um? 'umrwdkY -- aemf/

vkyfaqmifcsufwnfhygap

b,favmufxd q&mta&;BuD;vJqdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU ckeajym cJhwJh t&Sifom&dykwå&m udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;

tavmif;awmf Oywdó? Oywdó qdkwmu wu,fholawmfaumif;BuD;? aemufqHk;awmh 'um? 'umrawG

w&m;vdkcsifvGef;vdkY [dk &mZN*dK[frSm yGJMunfhae&if;eJU oHa0* &NyD; awmxGufoGm;wm? olUZmwfvrf;uayghaemf/

awmxGufoGm;wm wjcm; vdkcsifvdkYvm;? edAÁmefvdkcsifvkdYvm;/ (edAÁmefvdkcsifvdkYygbk&m;)/ OywdóeJU aumvdw

13


oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf? yGJMunfhae&if;eJU igwdkYvnf; wpfaeUus&if aemifESpfaygif; 50-a&muf&ifaorSmyJ?

'DyGJMunfhy&dowfBuD;vnf; aorSmyJvdkY pdwfxJrSm oHa0*yGm;wm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'DvkdyJ tck aemufESpfaygif; 50-100 avmufus&if w&m;a[m wJh bkef;BuD; 'um? 'umrawG

awGU&ygOD;rvm;/ (rawGU&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'D'um? 'umrawGvnf; wpfa,mufrS r&Sdawmhbl;/ bmjzpfrSmvJ/ (aorSmyg

bk&m;)/ ajrBuD;eJUvufeJU cwfvkdYvGJcsifvGJOD;r,f/ aowmuawmh rvGJbl;/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ raorSmvm;? aorSmvm;/

(aorSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh aorSmod&if bkef;BuD;wdkY 'DtcsdefrS rjyif&if b,fawmhjyifrSmwkef;/ tJ'DawmhrS [dkrSm

Oywdóu [m -- jAKef;ceJ igaooGm;&if ighrSm bmrS txkyftxnf r&Sdbl;? tm;udk;p&m r&Sdbl; cufNyD/

tJ'DawmhrS [m--rjzpfbl;/ uref;uwef; awmxGufr,fqdkNyD; wpfcgwnf; w&m;tm;xkwfwm/ 'um? 'umrwdkY

awmxGufNyD; bmvkyfwmvJ/ w&m; tm;xkwfwm/ bmvdkcsifvdkY/ (edA ÁmefvdkcsifvdkYyg)/ aMomf -- edAÁmefvdkcsifvdkY

'um? 'umrawG w&m; tm;xkwfvdkufwm/ tm;xkwfwm w&m;&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ b,f&rvJ

orxjywJhq&mawGeJU awGUaewm/ orxonf edAÁmefudk jrifEdkifyghrvm;/ (rjrifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/

tdk em ao vGwfwmudk vdkcsifvdkY oltm;xkwfaewm/ odkUaomf vnf;yJ wpf&uftm;xkwf wpfESpftm;xkwf

edA Ámefudkjrif&JUvm;/ wpf&uf? ESpf&uf rubl;? oOö,aAv|ykw å ac:wJh odOönf; q&mBuD;qDrSm

wpfavQmufvHk;tm;xkwfvmcJhwm? edAÁmefqdkwm jrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl; bk&m;)/ b,fjrifrvJ/ olU&JUvkyfaqmifcsufu

vGJwmudk;/ bmvGJaewmvJ/ (vkyfaqmifcsufu vGJaewmygbk&m;)/ usifhMuHyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfaewJh vkyfaqmifcsufu

vGJaewmaMumifh olodcsifwJh jrifcsifwJh edAÁmefudk jrif&&JUvm;/ (rjrif&ygbl;bk&m;)/

tJ'DawmhrS tm;xkwfae&if; tm;xkwfae&if; bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU jrwfpGmbk&m; wynfh om0ujzpfwJh yOö0*D¾ 5-

OD;rSm &SiftóZd qdkwJh &[EÅmr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ yOö0*D¾ 5-OD;rSm ti,fqHk;aemf/ &SiftóZd qdkwJh

&[EÅmuqGrf;cHjyefvmwJhtcgusawmh &[EÅmBuD; qGrf;cH jyefvmwm owdrvGwfbl;aemf/

tck a,m*DwdkY reufu bkef;BuD; pBuøroifbl;vm;/ (oifygw,f bk&m;)/ b,fvSrf;w,f? nmvSrf;w,faemf/

<uw,f vSrf;w,f csw,f ponfjzifhaemf/ tJ'Day:rSm &[EÅmBuD; qGrf;cHoGm;NyD;pu©KaÈćsNyD; olUowd y|mefav;eJU

r*¾ifav;eJU'DvdkoGm;aeawmh ab;uaeMunfhvdkufwmeJU [m 'Dyk*¾dKvfw&m;udef;aeNyD rod&bl;vm;/ (od&ygw,fbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if a,m*D awGvnf; wjcm;tcsdefuawmh xm;ayghAsm/ pBuøudkwu,f½IrSwfNyD; avQmuf ae&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfrSm

w&m;udef; rudef;/ (udef;ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dtcsdef udef;aew,f/ wjcm;tcsdefrSm udef;csifrSudef;rSmaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

wpfckawmh owday;r,fav/ pBuøavQmufwJhtcgrSmawmh -- pBuøawmh avQmufw,f/ rsufpdu [dkMunfh'DMunfh

[dkpOf;pm; 'DpOf;pm; [dkvlUwGwfwGwf? 'DvlUwGwfwGwf qdk&ifawmh 'guawmh rudef;Edkifbl;/ Munfhvdkuf&ifjzifh [m-

-[dka,m*D [efaqmifaewm[Jh/ pum;wdk;wdk;ajymvdkajym? tif;-- 'Duae tapmifh ta&Smuf&SdwJh oHCmawmfawGu

MunhfvdkufwJhtcgusawmh [m--rjzpfbl;/ jyefNyD;awmh £aÈav;eJU/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ rvkyfeJUaemf/ vkyfvdkYajymwm

r[kwfbl;aemf/ jzpfwwfwJhobm0/

'DaeUupNyD; 'Da,m*DawG vkyfwm rawGUao;bl;/ [dkwpfywf a,m*DawG taMumif;ajymjywmyg/

'Da,m*DawGtaMumif; aemufpcef; usrSyJajymr,f/ pdwfcs 'Dpcef;rSm ajymudkrajymbl;/ a&SUwifajymvdkUawmh

b,faumif;rvJ -- [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh qdkvdkwmu tJ'Dvdk owdy|mef eJU &[EÅmBuD;avQmufaewJhtcgusawmh

MunfndKzG,ftqif;jzpfwmaygh? a,m*DwdkYaemf/ tJ'DawmhrS [kdu OywdóuvSrf;NyD;awmh jrifvdkufw,f/ [m--

£aÈ´ &ifhusufvdkufwm? pu©KaÈ´ rsufpduvnf; [dkMunfh'DMunfh awmifMunfh ajrmufMunfh rMunfh? um,daÈ´

jznf;jznf;csif; owdy|mef uyfNyD; oGm;aeawmh 'um? 'umrawG tJ'Dvdk pu©KaÈ´ um,daÈ´&JU wnfNidrfrI[m

redaÈ´qdkwJh pdwf&JUwnfNidrfrI aMumifhr[kwfbl;vm;? pdwf&JU wnfNidrfrI &SdwJhtcg[m ½kyfygvmwnfNidrfwmygyJ/

ta0;uae 'DrsufESmMunfhvdkufwJhtcg [m--wpfcgwnf;rSudk tifrwefudk wnfNidrfNyD; at;csrf;aewJh

w&m;udef;aewJh rsufESmaemf/ tJ'gudk jrifvdkufNyDqdkrSjzifh Oywdó&JUpdwfxJrSm wpftm;MunfndKoGm;w,f/ [m--

14


'Dyk*¾dKvfawmh w&m;udef;aeNyD/ igvdkufOD;rS? aemufa,mifcHNyD;awmh vdkufoGm;w,f/ wpfae&mvnf;a&mufa&m

&SiftóZdudk,fawmfBuD;u tomav; oydwfav;csNyD;awmh 'DrSm qGrf;bkOf;ay;rSmudk;/ tJ'DawmhrS olU

ygvmwJhtcif;av;udkcif;? cif;jyKNyD;awmh *g&0jyKwmaygh/ tJ'Dawmh tem;rSm 0wfBuD;? 0wfi,fjyKNyD;awmh

qGrf;vnf;bkOf;ay;NyD;a&m t&Sifbk&m;wJh w&m;av; wpfyk'fawmh csD;jr§ifhyg? a[mygbk&m;wJh/ 'um? 'umrawG

w&m;awmif;NyDaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

'Dawmh &SiftóZdxHrSm Oywdó bmvkyfwmvJ/ (w&m;awmif; wmygbk&m;)/ w&m;awmif;NyD/ [dku

trlt&mudkMunfhvdkufwmeJU w&m; udef;NyDqdkwmodwm/ 'DawmhrS &SiftóZd&[EÅmBuD;uvnf; at;--[kwfNyD/

rif;w&m;awmif;wmuawmh [kwfw,f/ iguvnf; w&m;ra[mwwf bl;uG/ a[m--jAKef;ceJMunfh&if

&[EÅmw&m;ra[mwwfbl;qdkawmh 'um? 'umrawG rcufbl;vm;/ &[EÅmu olUcEmomolwwfwmaemf? trsm;udk

em;vnfatmif a[mzdkYqdkwmuvnf; olUyg&rDuvdkao;w,fAs/ 'DawmhrS ig--w&m;ra[mwwfbl;uG/ 'gayrJh

igwdkYjrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; a[mawmfrlcJhwJh a'oemudkawmh igrif;udka[mjyr,fqdkNyD;awmh --

a, "r®m a[wkyÜb0g? awoH a[wHk wxm*awm-a, "r®m a[wkyÜb0g? awoH a[wHk wxm*awm-

a, "r®m a[wkyÜb0g? awoH a[wHk wxm*awm-a, "r®m a[wkyÜb0g? awoH a[wHk wxm*awm-

a, "r®m a[wkyÜb0g? awoH a[wHk wxm*awm-

tm[ awoOö eda&ma"m? {0H 0g'D r[moraPm/tm[ awoOö eda&ma"m? {0H 0g'D r[moraPm/

tm[ awoOö eda&ma"m? {0H 0g'D r[moraPm/tm[ awoOö eda&ma"m? {0H 0g'D r[moraPm/

tm[ awoOö eda&ma"m? {0H 0g'D r[moraPm/

'D a'oempOfudka[mvdkufw,f/ 'D&JUt"dyÜm,fu bmvJvdkYqdkawmh a, "r®m-awblru ocFg& w&m;wdkYonf?

a[wkyÜb0g- taMumif; w&m;vQif trGeftp&Sdukef\/ tJ'DtaMumif;w&m;udkvnf; bk&m;&Sif a[mawmfrlonf/

taMumif;csKyfwmudkvnf; a[mawmfrlonf/ wdkUbk&m;u 'Dvdkt,l&SdouGwJh/ 'Dawmh- awblru ocFg&w&m;awGxJrSm

Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P tp&SdwJh 'ku©opömw&m;awGqdkawmh bmudkpça[mwmvJ/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ Zmwd

bmopöm/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ Z&m bmopöm/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ Asm"d bmopöm/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ r&P

bmopöm/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dw&m;wdkYonf ork', opömvQif taMumif;&Sdw,f/ a[m--a,m*DwdkY y#dpöorkyÜg'f

puf0dkif;BuD; Munfhvdkuf&if rxif;bl;vm;/ (xif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P tp&Sdaom 'ku©opömwdkYonf

rdk;ay:u uswmvm;? ork',opöm taMumif;&Sdwmvm;/ (ork',opöm taMumif;ygbk&m;)/

a[m'DrSmMunfh--puf0dkif;Munfhvdkufprf;yg/ puf0dkif;Munfhvdkufprf;yg/ eHygwfwpfaemf/ tJ'Dawmh

ork',opömonf wjcm;w&m;vm;? taMumif; w&m;vm;/ (taMumif;w&m;ygbk&m;)/ 'ku©opömonf

wjcm;w&m;vm;? tusdK;w&m;vm;/ (tusdK;w&m;ygbk&m;)/ taMumif;&SdvQif tusdK;&Sdr,f/ taMumif;csKyfvQif

tusdK;csKyfw,f/ NyD;oGm;NyD/ w&m;NyD;oGm;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dw&m;udk wpf*gxmwnf; a[mawmh tJ'D *gxmawmifrqHk;bl;/ [dkrSm aomwmyefwnfoGm;NyD/

rjrefbl;vm;/ trav;--jrefvdkufwm/ [m--bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG tJ'Dvdkrsm; wnf&if raumif;bl;vm;/

(aumif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ wnfvnf; wnfapcsifygw,fAsm/ bkef;BuD;vnf; tJ'Dvdk odyfjzpfcsifwmyJaemf/

enf;enf;av; wpf*gxmav; &Gwfvdkuf½HkeJUaemf aomwmyef ou'g*grf tem*grf &[EÅmjzpfoGm;&if

raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,f bk&m;)/ 'gayr,fh 'DtcsdeftcgrSm vmNyD;vljzpfwm tJ'Dvdkawmh rarQmfeJU r&bl;/

apmapmuajymwJh b,fxJygaevdkYvJ/ ae,syk*¾dKvfawGxJygaevdkY/ [dku O*¢g#dwnLyk*¾dKvfawGu wpfvHk; wpfyg'

wpf*gxmav; od½HkeJU wpfcgwnf; 'dkif;qdkyGifhoGm;wm?[dkuyg&rDjynfhaewJh yk*¾dKvfBuD;awG? [kwfvm;/ bkef;BuD;wdkYuawmh

enf;enf;BudK;pm;&OD;rSmayghaemf/ 'um? 'umrawG rBudK;pm;&JvdkY &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk w&m;vnf;

a[mvdkufa&m wpfcgwnf; 'Dae&mrSm aomwmyef wnfoGm;wmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk aomwmyef wnfoGm;wm[m

wjcm;eJUawGUvdkYvm;? q&meJUawGU vdkYvm;/ (q&meJUawGUvdkUygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ]]{um,aem t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g}}qdkwm olonf wjcm;vrf;ay: a&mufoGm;wmvm;?

r*¾ifvrf;ay:a&mufoGm;wmvm;/ (r*¾if vrf;ay:a&mufoGm;wmygbk&m;)/ wpfcsufuav; aomwmyefwnfoGm;wm/

apmapmwkef;u tcsdefawG tukefcHNyD; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewm edA Ámefudk jrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ tckawmh

15


bmudkjrifoGm;wmvJ/ (edA Ámef) aomwmyefqdkawmh yxrOD;qHk; aomwmywd år*fwdkY\ tm½Hk jyK&m jzpfaom edA Ámefudk

wpfcsufrjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ ykxkZOf tEG,fjzwfNyD; t&d,mjzpfoGm;NyDa,m*DwdkY/ t&d,mjzpfoGm;NyDaemf/

tJ'D &Sifom&dykwå&m&JU tavmif; Oywdóonf tJ'DuJhodkY aomwmyefjzpfoGm;wm[m wjcm;aMumifhvm;?

vkyfaqmifcsufwnfhvdkYvm;/ (vkyfaqmifcsufwnfhvdkYygbk&m;)/ apmapmwkef;u vkyfaqmifcsufwnfh&JU vm;/

(rwnfhygbl;bk&m;)/ odkYaomf vkyfaqmifcsuf rwnfhaomfvnf; &nf&G,fwm bmygvdrfh/ (edA Ámef)

a[m tckawmh &SiftóZd&JU aMumif;usdK;jya'oemav;/ aMumif;usdK;jy a'oemqdkwm y#dpöorkyÜg'fygyJ/

opöm 4-yg;u vGwfwJh w&m;qdkwm r&Sdygbl;/ opöm 4-yg;u vGwfaom w&m;r&SdvQifvnf; y#dpöorkyÜg'frS

vGwfaomw&m;qdkwmvnf; r&Sdbl;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;udk emvnf; emvdkufa&m vkyfaqmifcsuf rwnfhbl;vm;/

(wnfhygw,fbk&m;)/ jyefajymygOD;r,faemf/

tMuifZmwd Z&m Asm"d r&PwdkYonf bmopömvJ/ ('ku©opöm)/ tJ'D 'ku©opömw&m;wdk Yonf

ork',opömomvQif taMumif;jzpfonf qdkNyD;awmh taMumif;tusdK;a[mwmaygh/ bmudka[mwmygvdrhf/ (taMumif;

tusdK;udka[mwmygbk&m;)/ a[m'DrSm eHygwfwpftuGuf Munfhvdkufprf;yg/ taMumif;u bmopöm/ (ork',opöm)/

tusdK;u bmopöm/ ('ku©opöm)/ [dkrSm aomwmyefjzpfaeNyD/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D Zmwd

Z&m Asm"d r&PwdkY\csKyf&m csKyfaMumif;onf wjcm;vm;? eda&m"vm;/ (eda&m"ygbk&m;)/

q&mta&;BuD;

tJ'D eda&m"\ taMumif;w&m;onf 'um? 'umrawG r*¾opöm ygyJ/ bmygvdrfh/ (r*¾opömygbk&m;)/

,aeUa,m*DwdkY r*¾ifvrf;ay:odkY a&mufoGm;&if qkawmif;zdkYvdkao;vm;/ (rvdkawmhygbll;bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tvkyfyJ

vkyfawmh/ tJ'D tvkyfu wjcm;tvkyfvm;? r*¾iftvkyfvm;/ (r*¾iftvkyfygbk&m;)/ tJ'D r*¾iftvkyfudk vkyfzdkYtwGufudk

'um? 'umrawG enf;vrf; pnf;urf; &Sm&rSm/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'D r*¾iftvkyfudkvkyfEdkifzdkYtwGuf 'um? 'umrawG

r*¾ifqd kwmu wjcm;vm;? edA Ámefud koGm;wJ hvrf;vm;/ (edA Ámefud koGm;wJ hvrf;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvrf;ud k

bkef;BuD;wdkYxGif&awmhr,f? &Sif;& awmhr,f/ odkYaomf &Sif;w,fqdkayrJh bk&m;uvrf;ajzmifhajzmifhBuD; ay;xm; NyD;om;/

odkYaomf 'Dvrf;udka&mufatmif bkef;BuD;wdkY wufzdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dvrf;udk a&mufatmif wufEdkifzdkYtwGuf vrf;jyw,fayghAsm/ jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; a[moGm;wm

tm;xkwfoGm;wm vrf;BuD;u rjzL;bl;vm;/ (jzL;ygw,f)/ jzL;aomfvnf;yJ bkef;BuD;wdkYu tJ'Dvrf;aysmuf aeao;w,f/

tm;rxkwfwJhyk*¾dKvf w&m;remwJhyk*d¾Kvf vrf;awGUwmvm;? vrf;aysmufaewmvm;/ (vrf;aysmufaewmygbk&m;)/

tJ'DawmhrS bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG ,aeUa[m'D y#dpöorkyÜg'feJUywfoufNyD;awmh 'Dw&m; awGudk ,ckvdkem&wm[m

wjcm;vkyfwmvm;? vrf;&Sif;&wmvm;/ (vrf; &Sif;&wmygbk&m;)/ udk,fhvrf;udk,f&Sif;wmaygh/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvrf;onf wjcm;vrf;vm;? r*¾ifvrf;vm;/ (r*¾if vrf;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY tJ'D

r*¾ifvrf;ay:avQmuf&if &nf&G,fcsuf edAÁmefonf 'um? 'umrawG r&Edkifbl;vm;/ (&Edkifygw,f)/ rjrifEdkif

bl;vm;/ (jrifEdkifygw,f)/ odkYaomf r*¾ifvrf;u vrf;Murf;&,f? vrf;acsm&,f ESpfrsdK;&Sdw,faygh/ wu,fvdkYMurf;aer,f?

udk,favQmufr,fh vrf;rSm urlawG txpfawGeJU ql;ajimifhcvkwfawGeJU&Sd&if tJ'ga&Smifae&wmeJUudk awmfawmfeJU

ra&mufEdkifbl;/ tifrwef acsmarGUvSywJh ,aeUEdkifvGefuwå&mvrf;vdk ayghav/ yef;cif;aom vrf;udk vG,fvG,fulul

avQmuf&&if jrefjrefqefqef ra&mufEdkifbl;vm;/ (a&mufEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/

aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u bkef;BuD;wdkYwpfawG tJ'Dvdk a,m*Drsm;udk yef;cif;aomvrf;udk

avQmufzdkYudk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u wGef;ydkYaew,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk ,ckvdk oifwm[m wjcm;

jyKwfzdkYvm;? 'd|djyKwfzdkYvm;/ ('d|djyKwfzkdYygbk&m;)/ Ak'bmomawG&JU tajccHw&m;u 'geyJvkyfvkyf? oDvyJvkyfvkyf?

orxyJvkyfvkyf? ouúm, 'd|deJU vkyfMuwmrsm;ygw,f/ igaumif;pm;a&;qdkNyD;awmh tw åpGJeJUvkyfwmygyJ/ 'Db0vJ

16


tm;xkwfaeMuwJh 'um? 'umrawGudk arw åma&SUxm;NyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyKrSm jzpfygw,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

at;--'Dawmh,aeU a,m*Drsm;'Dae&mudka&mufvmwJh &nf&G,fcsuf u t"du-u raeUuajymcJhovdk

wjcm;vm;? edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmefygbk&m;)/ edAÁmeftvdkYiSmudk &nf&G,fw,f/ 'guawmh edAÁmeftvdkYiSm qdkwmuawmh

vdk&if; ajymwmayghaemf/ edA ÁmeftvdkYiSmvdkYqdkwJh pum;vHk; wpfvHk;udk bkef;BuD;wdkYoHk;rd&if tJ'Dpum;vHk;udk

t"dyÜm,fa&mufzdkY&m trsm;BuD; &Sif;zdkYvdktyfygw,f/ odkYaomf tm;vHk;Ak' ¨bmom0if olawmfpifawG jzpfonfh

twGufaMumifh edA Ámefqdkwmudk a&SUwef;wifNyD;awmh bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyK vdkuf&wmayghaemf/ wjcm; wjcm;

bmom0ifawGqdk&if 'gudk aemufrS ajym&r,fhudpö/ uJ -- NyD;awmhxm;/

&nf&G,fcsuf edA ÁmeftvdkYiSmvmawmh raeUuvnf; ajymcJhw,f/ &nf&G,fcsufeJU vkyfaqmifcsuf

wpfxyfwnf;usrS vdk&mc&D;a&mufr,fvdkY rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh &nf&G,fcsufu edAÁmefqdkawmh

edAÁmefeJU avsmfnDwJh vkyfief;udkvkyf&ygvdrhfr,f/ a,m*DwdkY edAÁmefeJU avsmfnD wJhvkyfief;awGqdkawmh udavomawGeJU

AGufaygufaewJh vkyfief;onf edAÁmefeJU avsmfnDvdkY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ udavomawG yg;wJhtvkyf? udavomawG

ukefoGm;wJhtvkyf? udavomawG aowJhtvkyfawGom edAÁmefudk a&muf&ma&mufaMumif; tvkyfjzpfygw,f/

tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY udavomawG yg;wJhtvkyfonfwjcm;tvkyfvm;? r*¾iftvkyfvm;/ (r*¾iftvkyfygbk&m;)/

r*¾iftvkyfqdk&ifawmh 0dyóem tvkyfaygh/ edA Ámefudk vdkcsif&if bmtm;xkwfMur,f/ (0dyóem tm;xkwf

&rSmygbk&m;)/ r*¾if 0dyóemw&m;udk OD;pm;ay;NyD; a&SUwef;wifajymaeawmh 'gew&m;awG y,f&rvm;vdkY

y,fwJhpum;vHk;yg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/ oDvw&m;awGy,fwJhpum;vHk;yg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/

orxw&m;awG y,fwJh pum;vHk;yg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/

]]'g-- a,m*DwdkY owd&Sd&r,fhudpöaemf/ bkef;BuD;wdkY 'Dy#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;qdkwm em;vnfatmif

aus;Zl;jyK&r,fh oifwef;jzpfw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh 'Dae&mrSm pum;vHk;av;awG usefoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY

ÓmPfrDoavmuf aus;Zl;jyKw,faemf/ 'gudk,fhÓmPfeJU 'Davmufeuf½dIif;vSwJh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk 'Davmuf ra[mEdkifbl;/

q&mawmfbk&m; a[mwmudk bkef;BuD;wdkY rSwfom;rdorQav; xyfNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyKay;aewm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tck bkef;BuD;wdkY a&SUwef;wifNyD; ajymaewm wjcm;ajymwmvm;? 0dyóemajymaewmvm;/ (0dyóem

ajymaewmygbk&m;)/ 'g--a,m*D a[mif;rsm;uawmh onf;cHaemf/ a,m*DopfawG twGufudk tajccHbkef;BuD;

aus;Zl;jyKaewm [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh 0dyóem tvkyfqdkwm bk&m; wpfql wpfqlyGifhrS ay:wJhtvkyfyg/

'Dvdkjzifh&if ,aeUa,m*DwdkY 'D&dyfomudk ,cka&mufvmMuwm[m bmw&m;tm;xkwfzdkYvJ/ (0dyóemw&m;)/

0dyóem b,ftcsdefrSm ay:ygvdrhf/ (bk&m;wpfql wpfqlyGifhrS ay:wmyg bk&m;)/ bk&m;wpfql wpfqlyGifhrS

ay:w,fqdkawmh ,aeU 'D&dyfomvmNyD; 0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwf aewmqdkawmh a,m*DwdkY 0rf;omp&m raumif;

bl;vm;/ at; -- bk&m; yGifhovdkygvm;/ 'Dvdk0rf;om&rSm/

bk&m;yGifhwJh tcsdefrSmrS udk,fu tdyfaysmf ae&if 'um? 'umrawG udk,fhtwGufemNyD/ a[m -- a,m*DwdkYu

tifrwef 0rf;omp&maumif;w,f qdkawmh tdyfaysmf wJhtxJ rygawmhbl;/ wu,fhudk bk&m;yGifhaewJhtcsdefrSm

'Dw&m;awGa[mw,f/ odkYaomf -- igwdkY bk&m; rzl;&aomfvnf;yJ bk&m;&JU w&m;awGudk emae&w,f/ vufawGUvnf;

tm;xkwfae&w,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh bk&m;a[m a'oemawG[m pdwful;,Ofw&m;vm;? vufawGU w&m;vm;/

(vufawGUw&m;ygbk&m;)/

vufawGUtvkyfudkvkyf&if vufawGUtusdK;udkay;wJh w&m;awG/ b,favmufxd tusdK;ay;ovJqdk&if a,m*DwdkY

vufawGUtvkyfvkyf &rSmaemf/ yxraZm apwem\ pGrf;tm;onf 7-&uf? 7-v? 7-ESpf vufawGUtusdK;ay;rSm/

'Dvkdjzifh pdwful;,OfeJUajymaewmvm;? vufawGU tusdK;ay;rSmvm;/ (vufawGUygbk&m;)/ vufawGUtusdK;ay;zdkYtwGufudk

olrsm;yg;pyfzsm; vrf;rqHk;ygeJU/ udk,fwdkifvufawGU tvkyfvkyfMunfh&r,f ayghaemf/

at;--tJ'Dvdk vufawGU tvkyfvkyfzdkYqdkawmh enf;vrf; pnf;urf; vdkvmNyD/ 'Denf;vrf; pnf;urf;udk

17


bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG od&JUvm;/ (rodygbl; bk&m;)/ rodbl;/ bkef;BuD;wdkY tm;vHk;aom 'um? 'umrawGudk

rqdkxm;eJU? OywdóqdkwJh t&Sifom&dykwå&mtavmif;awmifrSyJ wu,f 'Db0 &[EÅmjzpfr,fh yk*¾dKvfBuD;/ enf;vrf;?

pnf;urf;? rodvdkY csmvnf csmvnfeJU olUcrsm jzpfaewmav/ raeUwkef;u 'gav;pcJhw,f r[kwf bl;vm;/

tJvdk 'Davmuf ynmt&mrSm {w'*f &r,fhyk*¾dKvfBuD;/ yGifhvk yGifhqJ jzpfaewJh yk*¾dKvfBuD;awmifrSyJ

enf;vrf;? pnf;urf; rodwJhtwGuf csmvnfcsmvnf vnfaewmaemf/ &SiftóZdeJU awGUvdkYaygh/ rawGU&if

b,favmufxd csmvnfaeOD;rvJqdkwm a,m*DwdkY pOf;pm;Munfhprf;/ tJ'gu enf;vrf;pnf;urf;udk

bmjzpfvdkYvJ/ (rodvdkYygbk&m;)/ tJ'Denf;vrf;? pnf;urf;udk ,ck vG,fvG,fulul rem&bl;vm;/ (em&ygw,f

bk&m;)/ rodwJhpum;vHk; r&Sdbl;aemf/ [m bmajymvdkufygvdrfhr,f/ ajymawmh ajymw,f/ igem;rvnfbl;qdkwm

r&Sdavmufatmif aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;rdefUawmfrloGm;w,faemf/ tJ'Dvdk rdefUawmfrloGm;wJh pum;vHk;awGudk

rodwmr&Sdavmufatmif wpfvHk;ajymwpfvHk;od? ESpfvHk;ajymESpfvHk;od? rSwfrdwm rrSwfrdwmawmh wpfydkif;xm;

BudK;pm;&rSmaygh/ odwmudk aus;Zl;jyKw,faemf/

wpfvHk;ajym&if wpfvHk;odw,f/ ESpfvHk; ajym&if ESpfvHk;odw,f/ tJ'Dvdk odzdkYqdkwmu vG,fyghrvm;/

(rvG,fygbl;)/ yd#uwf oHk;yHk tifrwef eufeJcufcJodrfarGUwJh w&m;awG odzdkYrvG,fygbl;/ tJ'Dvdk rvG,fwJhw&m;

awGudk bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um 'umrawG ,aeU vG,fvG,fulul odcGifh&wm[m uHrxl;vdkYvm;? uHxl;vdkYvm;/

(uHxl;vdkYygbk&m;)/

tJ'gaMumifh ckajymaewJh 0dyóemqkdwJh w&m;[mvnf;yJ bk&m;wpfql? wpfqlyGifhrS ay:wJhw&m;jzpfawmh

a[m--,aeU 0dyóem w&m;tm;xkwf&w,fqdkawmh a,m*DwdkY oEÅmefrSm bk&m;yGifhovdk rcHpm;& bl;vm;/

(cHpm;&ygw,fbk&m;)/ aMomf--igwdkY bk&m;yGifhaeygvm;? &Sif;NyDaemf/

t J' Dv d k b k&m ;y G i f hov d k y gvm ;v d k Y ' Dv d k &i fx Jr S m 0r f ; a jrmu f0r f ;om jzp f &wmu

0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwfzdkYtwGufudk bmw&m;emMuvdkYvJ/ (y#dpö orkyÜg'fw&m;ygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh 0dyóemw&m;udk

bmaMumifh a&SUwef;wif &wmvJqdk&if edA Ámefudk aus;Zl;jyKEd kifwJh teD;uyfqHk;w&m;onf b,folvJ/

(0dyóemw&m;ygbk&m;)/

0dyóemwJh/ jyefajymygOD;r,f/ cke bkef;BuD; 'gew&m;y,fwm ygvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/

oDvw&m;y,fwmygvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ orxw&m;y,fwm ygvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ odkYaomf ,ck bmudk

OD;pm;ay; a[maewmvJ/ (0dyóemw&m;ygbk&m;)/ ta&;rBuD;vdkYvm;/ ta&;BuD; vdkYvm;/ (ta&;BuD;vdkYygbk&m;)/

'gaMumifhrdkU ta&;BuD;wJhtvkyfudk jrefjref qefqef a&S;OD;pGm a&SUwef;wifrS 'um? 'umrawG

jrefjrefqefqefvkyfvdkY &rSm/ bmjzpfvdkY a&SUwef;wifNyD; ta&;wBuD; ajymae&wmvJqdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um?

'umrwdkY &&SdwJh cE ¨mu NidrfaewJh cEmvm;? oGm;aewJh cEmvm;/ (oGm;aewJh cE ¨mygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh q&mawmf

bk&m;BuD; rdefUawmfrlwJhpum;eJUajym&if ocsØKif;oGm;aewmyJ/ b,foGm;aeMu wmvJ/ (ocsØKif;oGm;aeMuwmygbk&m;)/

tck w&m;a[mwJh bkef;BuD; b,foGm;&if;a[m (ocsØKif;oGm;&if; a[mwmyg bk&m;)/ w&m;emwJh 'um?

'umrawGvnf; b,foGm;&if;emae wmvJ/ (ocsØKif;oGm;&if;emaewmygbk&m;)/ udk,fhudk,fudk 'um? 'umrawG

ayghayghwefwefav;eJU aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif vkyfraeprf;ygeJUaemf? q&mawmf rdefUoGm;wm/ ocsØKif;oGm;aewJh cE ¨mrdkYvdkY/

tJ'g tD;a&m tD;a&m ayghayghqq eJUrsm; awmf½Hkwef½HkudpöawGudk OD;pm;ay;NyD; 'Dta&;BuD;wJhudpövGwfoGm;vdkY

ocsØKif;rsm; jrefjrefa&mufoGm;&if (0g) aooGm;r,fqdk&if rembl;vm;/ (emygw,fbk&m;)/

'Dvdkb0rsdK; aemufjyef&zdkY rpOf;pm;eJU/ ausmufcJa&uswJhaemf/ q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; tifrwef u½kPmeJU

qHk;roGm;wm/ ausmufcJa&us ay:½dk;xHk;pH &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ b,fawmhrS ray:awmhbl;/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'gaMumifh tckvdk tcsdefaumif; tcgaumif; tcGifhaumif;eJUMuHKwJh tcsdef tcgrSm ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfwJh "r®&wem

a[m'D0dyóemw&m;udk 'um? 'umrawG OD;pm;ray;vdkYudk r&bl;/ (rSefvSyg)/

18


'd|dt&ifjzKwf'd|dt&ifjzKwf'd|dt&ifjzKwf'd|dt&ifjzKwf'd|dt&ifjzKwf

om;a&; orD;a&; pD;yGm;a&;aemufxm;/ opömodatmif t&ifvkyf/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JU wdkuf½dkufMo0g'aemf/

tJ'Dvdk opömudk rodbJ aooGm;&if ckeajymovdk ausmufcJa&us/ oGm;NyD/ 'gaMumifh 'D0dyóem onf

ta&;rBuD;wmvm;? ta&;BuD;wmvm;/ (ta&;BuD;wmyg bk&m;)/ 0dyóemtvkyfudk vkyfrSomvQif

wjcm;udkaus;Zl;jyKrSmvm;? edAÁmefudk aus;Zl;jyKrSmvm;/ (edAÁmefudk aus;Zl;jyKrSmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh edA Ámefudk rsufarSmufjyKcsif&if bmw&m;tm;xkwfMur,f/ (0dyóemw&m;ygbk&m;)/

0dyóemtm;xkwfrS bmudk&r,f/ (edAÁmefudk &rSmygbk&m;)/ odkUaomf 0dyóemtm;xkwfwdkif; edAÁmefr&bl;wJh/

0dyóem tm;xkwfwdkif; edAÁmefr&bl; qdkwmudk q&mawmfu olU&JUcEmeJUvnf; udk,fawGUjzpfovdk? usrf;*efudkvnf;

enf;enf;rSrvGwfbl;aemf/

tJ'DawmhrS usrf;*efudk arTaESmufwJhtcg yd#uwfoHk;yHkrSm qE´okwåef qdkwm&Sdw,f/ qE´rax&fudk a[mwJh

upäm,ea*gwå okwåefqdkwm pmoH ayoH odyfygaew,f/ 'Dawmh trsm;em;vnfwJh pum;eJUajym&if jrif;NrD;qGJ

armifqefaygh/ vlUb0wkef;ub,folvJ/ (jrif;NrD;qGJarmifqefyg)/ jrwfpGmbk&m; awmxGuf oGm;wkef;uav?

olwpfa,mufxJygoGm;wm/ bk&m;awmxGufwJh tcgusawmh pD;p&mr&Sdawmh jrif;NrD;qGJvdkuf&wJh armifqefaygh

[kwfvm;/

at; tJ'Dawmh bk&m;awmxGufawmh awmxJrSmvnf; bk&m; ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;u qHy,fNyD;awmh

t0wfvJvdkufawmh armifqef wpfa,mufwnf;jyef&wm r[kwfbl;vm;/ tJ'D armifqefqdkawmh odoGm;NyD ayghaemf/

at; aemuf bk&m;xHrSm &[ef;jzpfwJhtcgusawmh bk&m;&JU zGm;zufawmfaygh/ &SifqEwJh/ olUbGJUu b,folvJ/

(&SifqEéygbk&m;)/ &SifqEéaemf/ pNyD;awmh &[ef;jzpfuwnf;u 0dyóemtm;xkwfvdkufwm tck bkef;BuD; a,m*DwdkYvnf;

bmtm;xkwfwmvJ/ (0dyóemygbk&m;)/ &SifqEévnf; bmtm;xkwfwmvJ/ (0dyóem)/

tJ'Dawmh wu,fhudk 'Db0&[EÅmjzpfr,fh yk*¾dKvfBuD;awG bk&m;&JU zGm;zufawmfjzpfw,f/ aemufqHk;

b0uRwfwrf;0ifumeD;av;aemf/ odkYaomf jrwfpGmbk&m; 45-0g umvywfvHk;? bk&m;w&m;awGeJU owå0gawG

cRwfNyD;awmh y&dedAÁmefpHoGm;w,f/ tJ'Dtxd &SifqEébmrSrjzpfbl;/ ykxkZOfyJ &Sdao;w,f/

&SifqEéu oów*kdPf;om;jzpfaeawmh ouúm,'d|d? tw å'd|d wef;vef;&Sdaewmudk;? w&m;r&&Smbl;/

remzl;vm;/ (emygw,f)/ odkYaomf tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfu bk&m;eJUt&if;ESD;qHk;yk*¾dKvfaemf/ 'Dawmh bk&m;awmxGuf awmhvnf;

olwpfa,mufwnf;ygw,f/ eef;awmfxJvnf; twlupm;azmf upm;zuf? zGm;vnf; zGm;zufawmfqdkawmh tifrwef

r&if;ESD;bl;vm;/ tifrwef &if;ESD;yif &if;ESD;jim;aomfvnf;yJ 'um? 'umrawG olbk&m;awmh jrifaewmyJ/

bk&m; rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,f)/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf w&m;rjrifwJh twGufaMumifh edAÁmefrjrifjzpfaewm/ w&m;rudef;vdkY/

[m - t&Sifbk&m; w&m;rudef;bl; omajymw,f? olu 0dyóemtm;xkwf aewmqdkawmh? vdk&if; r*fÓmPf

zdkvfÓmPf rudef;wmajymwm/ 'Dvdkjzifh aumif;NyD/ ESpfaygif; 40-ausmf 45-ESpftxd tm;xkwfaomfvnf;

bk&m;y&dedAÁmefpHwJhtxd bmrSrjzpfbl;/ t&SifqEé 0dyóem tm;xkwf aomfvnf; edAÁmefjrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl;

bk&m;)/ rjrifbl;/ rjrifbl;/

0dyóemqdkwmu ½kyfw&m;\ tedpö 'ku© tewåudkjrifatmif tm;xkwfwJhw&m;? emrfw&m;\ tedpö

'ku© tewåudk jrifatmif tm;xkwf wJhw&m;udkbmac:vJ/ (0dyóemw&m;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh 0dyóemudk bkef;BuD;wdkY

pmoH? ayoHjzifhajym&if ½kyf\ tedpö? 'ku©? tew å vu©Pmudk jrifwmaemf? emrf\ tedpö? 'ku©? tew å

vu©Pmudkjrifwmaemf/ tJ'g bmac:vJ/ (0dyóemÓmPf)/

0dyóemudk tm;xkwf&if bmudk&rvJ/ (edAÁmef)/ 'Dvdkjzifh t&SifqEé 0dyóemudk tm;xkwfaomfvnf;

edAÁmef&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;/ 0dyóem tm;xkwfw,fqdkwm ½kyf? emrf\ tedpö? 'ku©? tewåudkjrifwm

19


(0g) jzpf? ysufudkjrifwmaygh/ jzpf? ysufudk jrifwm/ ½Iawmh ½Ivdkufw,f/ ½kyf Munfhvnf; tysufjrifwm/ emrfMunfhvnf;

tysufjrifwmyJ/ odkYaomf tJ'Djzpfysufudkom ol jrifjrifaew,f/ jzpf? ysuf r&Sdwmudk olrjrifbl; jzpfaew,f/

tJ'Dawmh jzpfysufawGu aysmuf aysmuf aysmufoGm;w,fqdkwJh tcgusawmh [m &ifxJrSmvnf; at;ceJ?

at;ceJ eJU/ at;ceJ qdk&ifawmh ½kyf? emrfawGr&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if igbm tm;udk;&yghrvJqdkwm wjcm;vm;? 'd|dvm;/

('d|dygbk&m;)/ 0dyóemqdkwm wjcm;jzKwf&rSmvm;? 'd|djzKwf& rSmvm;/ ('d|djzKwf&rSmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh 0dyóem tm;xkwfaomfvnf; edAÁmefrjrifbl;? 'um? 'umrawG/ bmjzpfvdkY edAÁmefrjrifvJqdkawmh

'd|d jyefjyef0ifaevdkY/ bm-- jyefjyef0ifaewmvJ/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ oów'd|d? twå'd|daemf/ tif;- igbmrsm;

tm;udk;&yghrvJ qdkawmh [dkrSmwpfcgwnf; oów'd|d tw å'd|d jyefjyefr0ifbl;vm;/ 'Dawmh ½kyf? emrfawG&JU

tedpöwdkY\ ysuf? ysufoGm;wJhtcg usawmh &ifxJrSm at;ceJ? at;ceJ olcHpm;ae&wm/

tJ'DawmhrS 'd|du igbmrsm; tm;udk; &yghrvJ? 'gawGr&Sd&if b,fvdkvkyf tm;udk;&yghrvJqdkawmh 'd|du

jyef? jyefr0ifbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk 0ifaevdkY 'um? 'umrawG edA Ámefray:wm/ 'g q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; 'Dtwkdif;

a[moGm;wm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY &SifqEévdk bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um 'umrawG jzpfrSmpdk;vdkY q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

owday;&Smawmfrlw,f/

&SifqEéESpfaygif; 40-ausmf tm;xkwfoGm;wm/ a,m*DwdkYu aemufESpfaygif; 40-ausmftm;xkwfEdkifyghrvm;/

(tm;rxkwf Edkifygbl;bk&m;)/ pum;av; >cif;csufawmh ajymrS aumif;r,f/ rao&ifawmh tm;xkwf EdkifrSmayghAsm/

aooGm;&ifawmh rwwfEdkifbl;/ odkYaomf aemufESpfaygif; 40-rajymeJU/ reufjzefaorvm;? bmrvm; qdkwm

tmrcHvdkY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/

taZÆ0 udpöH tmwyÜH? aum Znm r&PH oka0/taZÆ0 udpöH tmwyÜH? aum Znm r&PH oka0/

taZÆ0 udpöH tmwyÜH? aum Znm r&PH oka0/taZÆ0 udpöH tmwyÜH? aum Znm r&PH oka0/

taZÆ0 udpöH tmwyÜH? aum Znm r&PH oka0/

r[maoaee rpöKem? aum [d Zanm ya&mod,m/r[maoaee rpöKem? aum [d Zanm ya&mod,m/

r[maoaee rpöKem? aum [d Zanm ya&mod,m/r[maoaee rpöKem? aum [d Zanm ya&mod,m/

r[maoaee rpöKem? aum [d Zanm ya&mod,m/

jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; a[mawmfrlcJhwJhtwdkif; aojcif; w&m;eJU csdef;csufxm;wmr&Sd/

csdef;csufxm;wm r&SdaomaMumifh rdrdjyK&r,fh 'ge? oDv? bm0em ukodkvfaumif;rIawGudk reufjzef rqkdif;eJU/

,ckbmvkyf&rSm/ 0dyóemtm;xkwfr,f/ [dkvlUwdkifyifr,f? 'DvlUwdkifyifr,f vkyfraeeJU/ wdkifyifvdkY ysufoGm;vdkY

tm;rxkwfjzpf&if b,feJUvkyfrvJ/ odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/

tJ'Dawmh 0dyóemtm;xkwfwm reufqdkif; &rSmvm;? ,ck tm;xkwf&rSmvm;/ (,cktm;xkwf&rSmyg

bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ,aeU edA Ámefudk jrifcsif&if ,aeU 'um? 'umrawG jrifEdkifatmif BudK;pm;&rSmayghaemf/

enf;vrf;? pnf;urf;twdkif;tm;xkwfaemf/ cdkwm? uyfwmawG vkyfraeeJU/ tcsdefpm&if;twdkif; BudK;BudK;pm;pm;

tvkyfvkyf/ udavom Mum;cdk&if 'um? 'umrawG &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ udavom Mum;rcdk&if

reuftm;xkwf&if nae&w,f/ nae tm;xkwf&if reuf&w,f/

at;? tJ'Dvdk tm;xkwf&if enf;vrf;pnf;urf;u eHygwf(1) wjcm; vkyf&rSmvm;? 0dyóemvkyf&rSmvm;/

(0dyóemvkyf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh 0dyóemudk 'Dtwdkif;tm;xkwfaevsufeJU &SifqEé bmjzpfvdkY edAÁmefrjrifwmvJ

qdkawmh 'kAÁv0dyóem jzpfaevdkY/ 'kAÁv0dyóem wJh/ pmvdkajymawmh enf;enf;rSwf& cufoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/

jrefrmvdk rSwfvdkuf a,m*DwdkY/ tm;enf; aom 0dyóem jzpfaevdkYwJh/ &SifqEécrsm 0dyóemuawmh tm;xkwfw,f/

bm0dyóem jzpfaewmvJ/ (tm;enf;wJh 0dyóem)/ [kwfNyD/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if 0dyóemqdkwm wpfrsdK;wnf;r[kwfbl;/

tm;enf;wm&Sd&if tm;rsm;wm r&Sdbl;vm;/ ed,mrw&m;? enf;wm &Sd&if rsm;wmvnf;&Sdw,f/ tarSmif&Sd&if

tvif;&Sdw,faemf/ aumif;wm &Sd&if raumif;wm&Sdw,f/ enf;wm&Sd&if rsm;wm&Sdw,f/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if 'DrSmu 0dyóemu

tm;enf;aom0dyóemqdkawmh? [m-'Dvdkqdkawmh tm;enf;aom 0dyóem&Sd&if tm;BuD;aom 0dyóemaum

r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh &SifqEé tm;xkwfaewJh0dyóemu bm0dyóem jzpfrvJ/ (tm;enf;aom0dyóemygbk&m;)/

20


ukodkvfawmh&w,f/ edAÁmefawmh (r&ygbl;)/ r&jzpfaew,f/ 'Dvdkjzifh tm;vHk;aom a,m*DawGvnf; tm;enf;aom

0dyóemeJUtm;xkwf&if 'Db0wpfoufvHk; tm;xkwf&yghOD; rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/

'um? 'umrawG 'D0dyóemu tm;enf;aom 0dyóemjzpfaeonfh twGufaMumifhrdkYvdkY tedpö? 'ku©?

tewå jrifaomfvnf;yJ (0g) 0dyóemÓmPf &aomfvnf;yJ edA Ámefudkjrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ rjrifwm

bm0dyóem jzpfaevdkYvJ/ (tm;enf;aom 0dyóemjzpfaevdkYyg)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if tm;enf;aom 0dyóemu edA Ámefudk

r&bl;qdk&if tm;BuD;aom 0dyóemu &-&r,fvdkY rSwfvdkuf/

'Dvdkjzifh 0dyóemrSma,m*DwdkY b,fESpfrsdK;/ (ESpfrsdK;ygbk&m;)/ tm;enf;aom 0dyóem? tm;BuD;aom

0dyóem/ ajymMunfhyg/ (tm;enf; aom 0dyóem? tm;BuD;aom 0dyóem)/ b,fESpfrsdK;&Sdygvdrhf/ (ESpfrsdK;

&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if pmvdkajymawmh Av0eJU 'kAÁv 0dyóem ayghaemf/ Av0 0dyóemqdkwm tm;BuD;aom

0dyóem? 'kAÁv 0dyóemu tm;enf;aom 0dyóem/

tJvdk pmvdkrSwf&wm rdrdwdkY cufcJ&if tm;BuD; wmeJU tm;enf;wm 'gav;rSwfxm;vdkuf/ udk,fhtwGuf

ta&;BuD;w,faemf/ tJvdkjzifh&if tm;enf;aom 0dyóemonf ukodkvfawmh&w,f/ edAÁmefawmh (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/

bm0dyóemrS edAÁmefudkjrifrSmvJ/ (tm;BuD;aom 0dyóem)/ tm;BuD;aom 0dyóemeJU tm;xkwf&if reuftm;xkwf&if

nae edAÁmefudk rjrifEdkifbl;vm;/ (jrifEdkifygw,f)/ naetm;xkwf&if reuf edAÁmefudk rjrifEdkif bl;vm;/ b,favmufrsm;

tm;&Sdp&maumif; vdkufvJ/ 'um?'umrawG/ wpfvSdrfhav;aemf/ wpfvSdrfhav;? wpfvSdrfhav;/ tJ'Dvdkenf;vrf;pnf;urf;

&zdkYvG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl; bk&m;)/ &Sifom&dykwå&mudk,fawmfjrwfBuD; wpfoacsF urÇmwpfodef; yg&rDjznfhrS

'Denf;vr f; pnf;urf;olUcrsm&wm/ 'gawmif &SiftóZdeJUawGUvdkY/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'Dvdkjzifh tm;BuD;aom 0dyóem

jzpfzdkYqdkwm wpfjcm;r[kwfbl;a[hwJh/ tm;rxkwfrD ykA ÁudpövkyfygwJU/ bmudpövJ/ (ykAÁudpöygbk&m;)/ &SifqEé ykAÁudpö

r&SdvkdY? ykAÁudpö rvkyfrdvdkY/ ykAÁudpö rvkyfrdonfh twGufaMumifhrdkYvdkU 0dyóem tm;xkwfayr,fh bm0dyóemjzpfaevJ/

(tm;enf;aom 0dyóemygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ykAÁudpöudk vkyf&r,fqdkawmh [m-t&Sifbk&m; ykAÁudpö qdkwm bmvJvdkYvmNyD/ 'g pmvdkajymwm/

0dyóem tm;rxkwfrD a&S;OD;pGm odoifhodxdkuf odtyfwmudk odxm;zdkY? &Sdxm;zdkY/ 'gtvkyfonf tjcm; udpövm;?

ykA Áudpövm;/ (ykA Áudpöygbk&m;)/ a,m*DwdkY w&m;xdkifwJhtcgusawmh [kwfvm;/ ykA ÁudpötaeeJU cE ¨mukd,f

bk&m;vSLw,faemf? arwåmydkYw,f? ur®|mef; awmif;w,f pojzifh rvkyfbl;vm;/ ykA ÁudpöawGayghaemf/ 'g -

teD;uyfqHk;em;vnfwJhpum;eJU ajymwmyg/ tJ'Dvdkjzifh 0dyóem tm;rxkwfcif ykAÁudpöqdkwm wjcm;r[kwfbl;wJh/

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u 'd|djzKwfxm;&r,fwJh/ bmjzKwf&rvJ/ ('d|djzKwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ e*dk wpfoHo&mvHk;upGJvmcJhwJh

ouúm,'d|d? tw å'd|dpGJawG jzKwfxm;&r,f/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if 0dyóem tm;xkwfwm aemufxm;? 'd|dt&ifjzKwf/

qdkprf;yg/ (0dyóem tm;xkwfwm aemufxm;? 'd|dt&ifjzKwf)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if 'd|d rjzKwfbJeJU 0dyóem tm;xkwfcJhaomf

tm;enf;aom 0dyóemjzpfw,f/ tm;enf;aom 0dyóemonf ukodkvfawmh&w,f? edAÁmefawmhr&/ 'g w&m;pOf&JU

yHkaoenf;aemf/ bkef;BuD;wdkY 'D[mu ausmfNyD;awmhvnf; a[mvdkY r&bl;/ avQmhNyD;awmhvnf; a[mvdkY r&bl;/ 'g

- 'gtwdkif;yJ a[mvdkY&w,f/ udk,fhÓmPf wpfvHk;rS rygwmudk;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

'Dvdkjzifh&if a&S;OD;pGm bmvkyfMur,f/ ('d|dudkjzKwf&rSm ygbk&m;)/ pmvdkqdkawmh ykA Áudpö/ w&m;tm;rxkwfrD?

0dyóem tm;rxkwfrD a&S;OD;pGm 'd|dudk bmvkyf&rSmvJ/ (jzKwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'd|dudkjzKwfNyD; 0dyóem tm;xkwfcJhaomf

tm;BuD;aom 0dyóemjzpfygw,f/ tm;BuD;aom 0dyóem jzpfcJhaomf reuftm;xkwf&if nae&r,f/ naetm;xkwf&if

(reuf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ uJ--bk&m;yGifhovdk rjzpfzl;vm; a,m*DwdkY/ b,favmuf 0rf;omp&maumif;vdkufovJ/

'Dw&m;eJU 'Dvdktm;xkwfrIqdkwmu wpfurÇmvHk;rSm jrefrmjynfyJ &Sdw,faemf/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh

udk,fhudk,fudk jrefrmEdkifiHom; jzpf&wm 'um? 'umrawG *kPf,lp&mraumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,f bk&m;)/

tifrwef 0rf;omp&maumif;ygw,f/ 'DtodawG[m bmeJUrS vJvdkY r&bl;/ wefzdk;jzwfvdkY &&JUvm;/ tJ'g

21


"r®&wemqdkwm b,f&wem eJUrS edIif;vdkY,SOfvdkY r&wJh "r®&wem a,m*DwdkYudef;oGm;NyD/ bmw&m;vJ/ 'd|djzKwfwJhw&m;/

'd|djzKwfenf;'d|d jzKwfenf;'d|d jzKwfenf;'d|d jzKwfenf;'d|d jzKwfenf;

uJ - 'Dawmh 'd|djzKwfenf;u 3-enf;&Sdw,fvdkY rSwfvdkufygOD;/ b,fESpfenf;ygvdrfh/ (3-enf;ygbk&m;)/ uJ

- vdkufqdkvdkuf

todÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/todÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

todÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/todÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

todÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

tyGm;ÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/tyGm;ÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

tyGm;ÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/tyGm;ÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

tyGm;ÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

ty,fÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/ty,fÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

ty,fÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/ty,fÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

ty,fÓmPfjzifh jzKwfwJhenf;/

b,fESpfenf;/ (3-enf;)/ tJ'gudk raeUwkef;u bkef;BuD;pcJhwJh todÓmPfeJU jzKwfwJhenf;udk Ómwy&dnmvdkY

ac:ygw,f/ todÓmPfeJU jzKwfwmudk bmac: (Ómwy&dnm)/ tyGm;ÓmPfeJUjzKwfwmudkwD&Py&dnm/ ty,fÓmPfeJU

jzKwfwmudk y[mey&dnm/ odkYjzifh&if pmvdkajymawmh y&dnm 3-yg;/ y&dnm b,fESpfyg;/ (3-yg;)/ uJ 3-

yg;av;udkyJ qdkMunfhyg/ (Ómwy&dnm? wD&Py&dnm? y[mey&dnm)/ odkYjzifh Ómwy&dnmqdkwm bmeJUjzKwf/

(todeJUjzKwfwm ygbk&m;)/ wD&Py&dnm (tyGm;jzKwfwmyg)/ y[mey&dnm (ty,feJUyg bk&m;)/

'Dawmh t&yfajymeJU pmajymeJUwGJoGm;yg a,m*DwdkYaemf/ 'grS pmzwf vdkufwJhtcg Ómw y&dnm? atmf 'g

todeJU jzKwfwm ajymxm;w,f/ wD&Py&dnm tyGm;eJUjzKwfwmajymxm;w,f/ y[mey&dnmty,feJU jzKwfwm

ajymxm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdkayghaemf/

tck 'd|djzKwfenf;b,fESpfenf;/ (3-enf;ygbk&m;)/ 3-enf;u jrefrmvdkajymyg/ (todÓmPfjzifh jzKwfenf;?

tyGm;ÓmPfjzifhjzKwfenf;? ty,fÓmPfjzifh jzKwfenf;)/ uJ'Dawmh y&dnmjzifh ajymyg/ (Ómwy&dnm? wD&Py&dnm?

y[mey&dnm)/ [kwfNyD/ tJ'Dawmh'd|djzKwfenf; 3-enf;rSm tcka,m*DwdkU w&m;a[m w&m;emwJh oifwef;rSm

jzKwf&rSmu todÓmPfeJU jzKwfwJhenf;eJUjzKwf&r,fqdkawmh pNyD;awmh rdrdwdkY vljzpfvmNyDqdkawmh tJ'D 'd|djzKwfenf;

od&JUvm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ b,fodvdrfhrvJaemf/ 'd|djzKwfenf; tpuwnf;uodae&if

t&Sifbk&m; tqif;&JcHNyD; &dyfomawmif vmp&m rvdkawmhbl;/ udk,fh[mudk,f tdrf at;at;aq;aq; jzKwfae½HkyJ/

oabm? oabmaemf/ odkYaomf aMomf- tdk;ypf? tdrfypfeJU tqif;&JcHNyD; vm&wmu bmjzKwfcsifvdkYvJ/

('d|djzKwfcsifvdkYygbk&m;)/ b,fenf;eJU jzKwfcsifwmvJ/ (todÓmPf)/

&Sifom&dykwå&mavmif; Oywdócrsm wpfoacsF urÇmwpfodef; yg&rDjznfhNyD; &SiftóZdeJUawGUNyD;awmhrS

'd|djzKwfenf; em;vnfoGm;wm/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ 'gjzifh &Sifom&dykwå&mavmif; Oywdó aomwmyef wnfoGm;wm

bmjyKwfvdkYvJ/ ('d|djyKwfvdkYyg bk&m;)/ b,folUw&m;udk emvdkufwmvJ/ (&SiftóZd&JU w&m;udkemvdkUyg bk&m;)/

&SiftóZd xHrS bk&m;w&m;emvdkufwm/ tJvdk emvdkufwJhtwGuf 'd|djyKwfoGm;NyD/ 'd|d jyKwfoGm;NyD/

wpfxdkifwnf;twGif;udk aomwmyef wnfoGm;wm/ tJ'Dvdk ,aeUbkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*Drsm; aqGawmf

rsdK;awmfrsm; vnf;yJ tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD; edAÁmefudk jrifEdkifatmif wjcm;jzpfzdkY ta&;BuD; wmvm;? aomwmyefjzpfzdkY

ta&;BuD;wmvm;/ (aomwmyefjzpfzdkY ta&;BuD; ygw,fbk&m;)/ aomwmyefjzpfoGm;NyD;qdk&if tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD;

edAÁmefudk jrifNyDayghaemf/

tJ'Dawmh wpfcsufckwf ESpfcsufjywf/ wpfzufuvnf; tyg,fwHcg; ydwf/ wpfzufuvnf; edAÁmefjrif/

wpfcsufckwf ESpfcsufjywf qdkwJh jrefrm pum;ayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh todeJUjzKwfzdkYqdkwm wjcm; ta&; BuD;wmvm;?

q&m ta&;BuD;wmvm;/ (q&mta&;BuD;ygw,f bk&m;)/ q&mta&;BuD;wJh taMumif;uawmh ajymvdkYudk rukefEdkifbl;/

tJ'Dawmh q&m b,favmuf ta&;BuD;vJqdk&if bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawGuawmh r[muHxl;&SifawG

qdkaomfjim;vnf; 'Dae&mrSm q&mrsm; wpfcsufuav;wdrf;oGm;&if uHxl;wm tvum;jzpfoGm;r,f/ om"u

jyygqdk&if bkef;BuD;wdkY tZmwowf &Sifbk&ifudkjy&r,f/ tifrwef bkef;wefcdk;BuD;wJU &Sifbk&ifaemf/ 'Db0rSm

22


aocsmayguf aomwmyef jzpfr,fhuHygNyD;om;/ wpfcsufwnf; q&mrSm;vdkufwmeJU wpfNydKifeuf edAÁmefudk jrif&JUvm;/

(rjrifygbl; bk&m;)/ ,ck i&JcHae&w,fwJh/ r[muHxl;&SifBuD; ,ckbmcHae&wmvJ/ (i&JcHae&wmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'g

bmrSm;oGm;vdkY/ (q&mrSm;oGm;vdkYyg)/ odyfta&;BuD;w,f? 'um? 'umrawGaemf/ 'godyfta&;BuD;vdkY xyfwvJvJ

ajymaewmaemf/

tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;wnf;[laom q&mudkom tOD;qHk; awGUvdkuf &if wpfcsufwnf;? 'Dae&mrSm

aomwmyefjzpfrSm/ a'0'wfqdkwJh q&meJU vnf; awGUvdkufa&m aomwmyef jzpfzdkYaeaeomom [m-tazowfwJh

raumif;rIawG usL;vGefrdukefa&m/ tJ'Dvdkraumif;rIawG usL;vGefwm[m wu,fawmh avmbaMumifh/ bmaMumifhvJ/

(avmbaMumifhygbk&m;)/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY ,aeU bkef;BuD;wdkY 0dyóemtm;xkwf 'Dw&m;awG vkyfae

wm[m avmbawGudkowfzdkY? a'goawGudkowfzdkY? arm[awGudk owfzdkY r[kwfbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk owfEdkifzdkYtwGuf

avmb? a'go? arm[ onf wjcm;udkrSDNyD; jzpfaewmvm;? 'd|dudkrSDNyD; jzpfaewmvm;/ ('d|dudkrSDNyD; jzpfwmygbk&m;)/

'gaMumifh rlvyif&if;jzpfwJh 'd|dudkt&ifqHk;owfwJh enf;vrf; awGudk tckoif&wm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

[dktZmwowf&Sifbk&if bmjzpfvdkY i&JusoGm; ovJqdkawmh 'DtzowfwJh yOöeEÅ&d,uH usL;vGefrdolu &Sifbk&if

jzp fc si f wmud k ;A s / & Si fb k&i f jzp fc si fw,fqd kawm h bmwJ hv J / (avmb)/ avmb jzp fc si fwm

udk,fjzpfcsifwmav;jzpfcsifwm/ rif;pnf;pdrfudk cHpm;csifw,f/ &Sifbk&if jzpfcsifw,f/ &Sifbk&ifhom; tdrfa&SUrif;om;

jzpfaewmawmif rauseyfEdkifbl;/ olUudk,fwdkifudk &Sifbk&ifjzpfcsifvmwm/ 'Dawmh ab;uae xdef;rwfay;wJh

q&morm;uae txdef;tausmif;eJU qdkvdkY&Sd&if 'Dyk*¾dKvf csufjcif; aomwmyef jzpfoGm;Edkifwm/

odkYaomfvnf;yJ olUcrsm ab;uae xdef;ausmif;ay;wJh a'0'wfuJhodkY q&mu ]]a[h--&Sifbk&ifjzpfcsif&if?

rif;bk&ifudkowf}}wJh/ tazudk towfrcdkif;bl;vm;/ (owfcdkif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ aemufqHk;awmh tazudk owf&rvm;?

rowf&bl;vm;qdkwJh trSm;eJU trSefudk ola0cGJEdkif&JUvm;? (ra0cGJEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ trSefudkrodwmonf wjcm;vm;?

t0dZÆmvm;/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ arm[ 0ifvmNyD/ b,favmufaMumufp&m aumif;vJ/ avmbaMumifh arm[0ifwm/

arm[aMumifhvnf; avmb0ifwm/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ at;--tJ'DawmhrS? a[hcsuG? owfuGqdkawmh wjcm;vm;?

a'govm;? a[m- tckyÍömeEÅ&d,uH usL;vGefoGm;NyD/ tJ'g -- q&maumif; aMumifhvm;? q&mrSm;aMumifhvm;/

(q&mrSm;aMumifhygbk&m;)/ odyf ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (ta&;BuD;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'gaMumifhrdkY 'um? 'umrawG q&mrSefeJUawGU&if rdrdwdkYtzdkYrSm t½kPfwufNyD? qkawmif;jynfhNyDvdkYom

rSwfvdkuf/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'DawmhrS tZmwowf&Sifbk&if[m i&JusoGm;wm bmrSm;vdkYvJ/ (q&mrSm;vdkYyg bk&m;)/

tck bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DawG b,favmuf0rf;omp&maumif;vJ/ aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u 'um?'umrawGudk

pD;yGm;awGjzpfvmatmif &mxl;awG wufvmatmif wpfvHk;rS rajymbl;? bmjzKwfcdkif;aewmvJ/ ('d|djzKwfcdkif;

aewmygbk&m;)/ cifAsm;wdkY 'd|dawG jrefjrefjzKwf/ pm;p&m? 0wfp&mr&Sdwm ab;csdwfxm;vdkuf/ 'g rpOf;pm;eJU/

'd|djrefjrefjzKwf/

a[m -- q&mawmf tJ'Dvdkudk 'um? 'umrawG wdkufwdkuf wGef;wGef; a[mwm/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh

tyg,fusoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if t&Sifbk&m; b,fhES,fh aMumifh tyg,fusoGm;rSmpdk;vdkYvJqdkawmh avmbeJU

aoawmh Nydwåmrjzpf bl;vm;/ a'goeJUaoawmh i&Jrusbl;vm;/ arm[eJU aoawmh wd&pämef rjzpfbl;vm;/ i&J?

wd&pämef? Nydw åmqdkwm wjcm;vm;/ tyg,f av;bHkvm;/ (tyg,fav;bHkygbk&m;)/ tJ'DvdkusoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY/

tJ'DvdkusoGm;wJh tajccHonf wjcm;vm;? 'd|dvm;/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY jrefjrefqefqef 'd|dudkt&ifjzKwf&r,f/

bmudk t&ifjzKwf&rvJ/ ('d|dudk t&ifjzKwf&rSmyg)/ aES;aES;jzKwf&rSmvm;/ jrefjrefjzKwf&rSmvm;/ (jrefjrefjzKwf&rSmygbk&m;)/

b,favmufxdjrefjref jzKwf&rvJqdk&if

owow

owow

ow åå åå å d,m 0d, Mora|m? ',Srmaem0 rw¬au/d,m 0d, Mora|m? ',Srmaem0 rw¬au/

d,m 0d, Mora|m? ',Srmaem0 rw¬au/d,m 0d, Mora|m? ',Srmaem0 rw¬au/

d,m 0d, Mora|m? ',Srmaem0 rw¬au/

ouúm,'d|d y[mem,? oawm bdu©K y&dAouúm,'d|d y[mem,? oawm bdu©K y&dA

ouúm,'d|d y[mem,? oawm bdu©K y&dAouúm,'d|d y[mem,? oawm bdu©K y&dA

ouúm,'d|d y[mem,? oawm bdu©K y&dA ÁÁ ÁÁ ÁaZaZaZaZaZ-vdkY

23


jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mwJh a'oemudk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rMumrMumqHk;rawmf rlcJ hw,f a,m*Dwd k Y/

'gudkjrefrmvdkjyefvdkufwJhtcgusawmh &if0vSHpl;? qHOD;rD;avmif? 'd|dtjrefa&SmifqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fay:vmw,f/ uJ

vdkufqdk/

&if0vSHpl;? qHOD; rD;avmif? 'd|dtjrefa&Smif/&if0vSHpl;? qHOD; rD;avmif? 'd|dtjrefa&Smif/

&if0vSHpl;? qHOD; rD;avmif? 'd|dtjrefa&Smif/&if0vSHpl;? qHOD; rD;avmif? 'd|dtjrefa&Smif/

&if0vSHpl;? qHOD; rD;avmif? 'd|dtjrefa&Smif/

aES;aES;vm;/ jrefjrefvm;/ (jrefjrefyg bk&m;)/ aES;vdk Yaemufus&if 'um? 'umrawG &if0udk

vSHeJUxdk;vdkufwJhtcgrSm aES;aES;qdkvdkY&Sd&if aojcif;qdk; aovdrfhr,f/ acgif;rD;avmifwJhtcgrSm aES;aES;eJU at;at;

aq;aq;vkyfae&if aojcif;qdk;aovdrfhr,f/ aES;aES;vm;? jrefjrefvm;/ (jrefjrefygbk&m;)/ tJ'Djrefjrefqefqef

owfwmxufawmif ydkNyD;awmh jrefzdkYvdktyfygw,f/ bmjzKwfzdkY/ ('d|djzKwfzdkYygbk&m;)/

tJ'D 'd|djzKwfzdkY t"duvdkwm bmvdkvJ/ (q&m)/ odyfta&;BuD; w,faemf/ q&mvdkwJhtaMumif; ajymp&mawG

trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ tom xm;vdkufOD;? odyftcsdefukefoGm;r,f/

tJ'Dawmh 'd|djzKwfenf; taumif;qHk; edó&nf;u y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnfzdk Y/ bmem;vnfzdk YvJ/

(y#dpöorkyÜg'fygbk&m;)/ 'Dw&m;pOfudk a,m*DwdkY raysmufygapeJUaemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ tJ'g bkef;BuD;wdkY awmufavQmuf

'Dw&m;pOftwdkif; oGm;&rSmaemf/ 'd|djzKwfenf; edó&nf;u bmem;vnfzdkYvJ/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnfzdkYygbk&m;)/

cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&if bmjyKwfr,f/ ('d|djyKwfygr,fbk&m;)/ todeJUjyKwfr,faemf/ bmeJUjyKwfrSm/ (todeJUygbk&m;)/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnf&if 'd|dudk bmeJUjyKwfr,f/ (todeJUjyKwfygw,fbk&m;)/ todeJUjyKwfNyD;&if 0dyóemudk

vufawGU tm;xkwfcJhaomf bm0dyóemjzpf/ (tm;BuD;aom 0dyóem jzpfygw,f bk&m;)/ tm;BuD;aom

0dyóemjzpfNyD;NyD qdk&if bmudkjrifrSmvJ/ (edA Ámefudk jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ teD;uyfqHk; b,favmufxdjrifEdkifvJqdk&if

reuftm;xkwf&if nae&r,f/ nae tm;xkwf&if reuf&r,f/ 'um? 'umrawG enf;enf;aemaem ukodkvfuH

r[kwfbl;aemf/

w&m;pOfudk wpfcsufuav;rsm; wdrf;acsmfNyD;awmh a&SUeJUaemufeJU rSm;vdkufwJhtwGuf rSm;cJhr,fqdk&ifr&bl;/

&SifqEukd,fawmfBuD; a&SUeJUaemufeJU rSm;wJhtwGufaMumifh edAÁmefudk jrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl; bk&m;)/ 'd|dudk rjzKwfbJeJU

0dyóemudk a&SUwif vdkufawmh edA Ámefudkjrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl;)/ 'DawmhrS q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u a[h --

0dyóemudk aemufxm; 'd|dudk (t&ifjzKwf)/ 'd|djzKwfNyD; 0dyóem tm;xkwfcJhaomf bm0dyóemjzpf/ (tm;BuD;aom

0dyóem jzpfygw,fbk&m;)/ tm;BuD;aom 0dyóemjzpf&if wjcm;aus;Zl;jyKrSmvm;/ edAÁmefudk aus;Zl;jyKrSmvm;/

(edAÁmefudk aus;Zl;jyKrSmyg)/

romBuD;cs rcscsifygeJU

'Dvkdjzifh a,m*Drsm;\ ,aeU&nf&G,fcsuf yef;wkdifu bmvJ/ (edA Ámefyg bk&m;)/ edA Ámefudk&Edkifzdk Y

b,fw&m;OD;pm;ay; tm;xkwfr,f/ (0dyóemyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwfvdkufvdkY 0dyóemÓmPf

&oGm;a&m/ 0dyóemÓmPfvnf; &oGm;a&m 'gevnf;jyK? oDvvnf; aqmufwnf? orxvnf;yGm;/

yGm;csifoavmufyGm;/ tJ'D'ge? oDv? orxawGu tifrweftjrifhqHk;? tjrwfqHk; 'ge? oDv? orxawG

jzpfukefwm/

0dyóem ÓmPfr&bJ jyKwJh'geu tedrfhqHk;'ge? oDvonf tedrfhqHk; oDv? orxvnf;yJ tedrfhqHk;

orxjzpfr,f/ bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh 0dyóem tvkyfonf wjcm;tvkyfvm;? ÓmPftvkyfvm;/ (ÓmPftvkyfyg

bk&m;)/ orxtvkyfqdkwmu (psmeftvkyf)/ 'ge? oDv tvkyfqdkwmu (uH tvkyf)/ tvkyf 3-rsdK;&Sdw,f/

b,fESpfrsdK;? (3-rsdK; ygbk&m;)/

'ge? oDv tvkyfu (uHtvkyf)?

orxtvkyfu (psmeftvkyf)?

24


0dyóemtvkyfu (ÓmPftvkyf)?

'Dvdkjzifh&ifuH&,f? psmef&,f? ÓmPf&,f b,fESpfrsdK; (3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if uHtusdK;ay;u 'um?

'umrawG aojcif;qdk; aozdkY tusdK;ay;w,f/ y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm aemufwjznf;jznf; &Sif;vmr,faemf/ tck

avmavmq,fawmh 'DavmufeJUyJ em;axmifxm; vdkufygOD;aemf/ uHtusdK;ay;u wjcm;jzpfrSmvm;?

aojcif;qdk;aorSmvm;/ (aojcif;qdk; aorSmygbk&m;)/

w&m;u tqHk;rS a[m&rJhw&m;rdkYvdkY tpuwnf;u a[mxm;wm/ udpör&Sdbl;/ em;BuD;BuD;om em;axmifxm;yg/

tJ'Dawmh psmeftusdK;ay;wm vnf; wjcm;vm;? taoqdk; aorSmvm;/ (taoqdk; aorSmygbk&m;)/

bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh uHtusdK;ay;wmu vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om&rSmudk;/ vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om&awmh vlcsrf;om

vnf; aemufqHk;b,frSmqHk;rvJ/ (Z&m? r&P)/ ewfcsrf;omvnf; b,frSm qHk;rvJ/ (Z&m? r&Pygbk&m;)/ Z&m?

r&P[m taoaumif;vm;? taoqdk;vm;/ (taoqdk;yg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh uHavmufeJU wif;wdrfaeNyD; uHtvkyfvkyfaewJh yk*¾dKvf[m aojcif;qdk; aoOD;r,fvdkYomrSwf/

[dk; q&morm;u psmefavmufeJU wif;wdrfNyD;awmh psmefavmufudk oifay;wJh q&meJUawGU&if jA[®mjzpf&if jA[®mvnf;

aemufqHk;awmh raoEdkifbl;vm;/ (aoEdkifygw,f bk&m;)/ raeUu q&mawmfBuD; a[moGm;NyDav/ jA[®mjzpfcsifwJh

yk*¾dKvfu romBuD; cswmwJh/ 'g -- q&mawmf a[moGm;NyD;NyD/

jA[®mjzpfcsifwJh yk*¾dKvfu (romBuD;cswmygyJbk&m;)/ ewfjzpfcsifwJh yk*¾dKvfu tzefzefaozkdYwJh/ a[m --

tJ'gu wjcm;ajymwmvm;/ Z&m r&P ajymwmvm;/ (Z&m? r&P ajymwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh tzefzefaozdkY

tvkyfu wjcm;wif;wdrfwm vm;? uHudk wif;wdrfwmvm;/ (uHudk wif;wdrfwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh psmefudk

wif;wdrfwJhyk*¾dKvfuawmh bmcszdkYvJ/ (romBuD;cszdkYygbk&m;)/

tJ'D pum;u jAKef;ceJ a,m*DtopfawG bmajymrSef;rodjzpfw,f/ t&Sifbk&m; bmvJ? romBuD;cswm/

a[m romrsm; romav;? romBuD;&Sd&OD;rvm;/ odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/ romBuD;csw,fqkdwm olrsm;eJU rwlbJ

BuD;BuD;us,fus,f crf;crf;em;em;romcswm ajymwm/ bkef;BuD;ysHwkdU? bkd;awmfysH? r,fawmfysHwkdU qkdwmawGaygh/

tnma'oawGrSmawmh vkyfavh vkyfx&Sdw,f/ {,ifMuL;awG bmawGeJU? tJ'g romBuD;csw,fvkdU ac:w,f/

tJ'gudk q&mawmfu ay:vGifatmif rdefUoGm;wmaemf/ tJawmh - uJ? romBuD;rsm;cscsifao;vm;/

(rcscsifygbl;bk&m;)/ odoGm;awmh rcscsifbl;/ t&ifwkef;u jA[®mjzpf&if jA[®mrif;BuD; em;uif;eJU bmeJU nmeJUqdkawmh

olrsm;ajymwm t[kwfBuD; xifNyD;awmh udk,fudk,fwdkifvnf; jrifzl;wmvnf; r[kwf/ t"dyÜg,f [kwfvm;/ tck

q&mawmfu a[moGm;NyD/ cifAsm;wdkY bmrS vkyfraeeJU/ jA[®mjzpfcsif&if romBuD;cs cscsifwmeJJU twlwlyJwJh/

a[m &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

tif; wpfcsdKUuvmOD;r,fwJh/ odMum;rif;BuD; jzpfcsifwmwdkY? rdzk&m;BuD; jzpfcsifwmwdkY/ 'DxJawmh ryg

avmufygbl; xifyg&JU/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ rygbl;omajym/ 'grS tarmajyr,f/ tif; -- yg&ifawmh 'um?

'umrawG tBudfrfBudrf tcgcg aoOD;rSm/ pMu0aw;rEmwfrif;BuD; jzpfvnf; aemufqHk; wjcm;xJa&mufrSmvm;?

ajrBuD;xJa&mufrSmvm;/ (ajrBuD;xJa&mufrSmyg)/ q&mawmfajymoGm;wm/ [m - vlcsrf;omBuD;awG? &Sifbk&ifBuD;awG

jzpfcsifvnf; ajrBuD;xJ a&mufawmh ajrBuD; BuD;yGm;zdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/ odMum;rif;BuD;awG ewfrif;BuD;awG

jzpfcsifjyefawmhvnf; tzefzefaozdkYwJh/ olUusawmh tavmif;aysmufoGm;vdkYwJh/ rMumrMum aowmaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

jA[®mjzpfzdkUusawmhvnf; romBuD;cszdkYqdkawmh tJ'g bmÓmPf r&vdkYvJ/ 0dyóemÓmPfr&vdkU/ tJ'g ckeajymwJh

uHeJUwif;wdrfaevdkY? psmefeJU wif;wdrf aevdkYaemf/ tJawmh 'DaeU a,m*DwdkYudkwdkufwGef;aewmu bm&zdkYvJ/ (ÓmPf

&zdkYygbk&m;)/ wjcm;ÓmPfvm;? 0dyóemÓmPfvm;/ (0dyóemÓmPf ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 0dyóemÓmPfurSom

ajrBuD;BuD;yGm;wJh txJuvnf; vGwfaemf? tzefzefaowJh txJuvnf; vGwfaemf/ romBuD;vnf; rcs awmhbl;/

bmaMumifhvJvdkY qdkvdkY&Sd&if 'um? 'umrawG olUrSm romcsp&m aum &Sdao;&JUvm;/ (r&Sdawmhygbl;bk&m;)/

25


r&Sdwmonf wjcm;&vdkYvm;? ÓmPf&vdkYvm;/ (ÓmPf&vdkYyg)/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY a[m'D 0dyóemÓmPfqdkwm bk&m;wpfql

wpfqlyGifhrS ay:wJhÓmPf jzpfaomaMumifh a,m*DwdkY tifrwef tav;xm;&rJhudpöyg/

ckewkef;u ajymoGm;NyD;NyD/ xyfNyD;awmh owday;ygOD;r,f/ om;a&;? orD;a&; pD;yGm;a&; aemufxm;?

opömodatmif t&ifvkyfqdkawmh 0dyóemÓmPf&atmif t&ifvkyfck dif;wm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'g

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; Mo0g'/ 'Dw&m;udk rem&&if 'um? 'umrawG ajymif;jyefvkyfaewm/

t&Sifbk&m; -- w&m;tm;xkwfwm? jznf;jznf;tm; xkwfrS &wmaygh/ wynfhawmfwdkY touft&G,fBuD;rSyJ

tm;xkwfr,f/ i,fwkef; tm;rxkwfao;bl;bk&m;/ om;a&; orD;a&; pD;yGm;a&; vkyfOD;rSm/ EdkYrdkU b,fhES,fhvkyfrvJ/

'D om;awG orD;awG rsufESmi,f&rSm/ tr,f vmOD;rSm/ tyg,fusrSmawmh xnfhrpOf;pm;bl;/ aovdkY acG;jzpfrSmudk

'um? 'umrawG rpOf;pm;bl;/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ jAKef;ceJaoawmh acG;jzpfrSmawmhrpOf;pm;bl; qdkawmh

'Dukd,fawmfuvnf; tajym½dkif;vdkufwmvdkYrxifeJU/

]]arm[eJUao wd&pämefjynf a&mufav{uefom}}]]arm[eJUao wd&pämefjynf a&mufav{uefom}}

]]arm[eJUao wd&pämefjynf a&mufav{uefom}}]]arm[eJUao wd&pämefjynf a&mufav{uefom}}

]]arm[eJUao wd&pämefjynf a&mufav{uefom}}

aqmify k' fu yH kaoenf;r& S dbl;vm;/ r&PmoEéqk dwJ h aocge D ;tck duftcgr Sm r de f ;armawGa0Ny D ;

arm[eJUrsm;aovkdufvkdU&Sd&ifjzifh wd&pämefu ykHaoyJ/ 'gaMumifh a&S;q&mawmf orm;awmf ynm&SdBuD;awG

qkawmif;wJhtxJrSm ]]rawGra0 ao&ygvkd\}}vdkUqkdw,f/ uJ qdkMunfh? arm[eJUao wd&pämefjynf a&mufav{uefom/

wu,ftrSef&SdwJh w&m;awGudk trSefrjrifwm wjcm;vm;? arm[vm;/ (arm[ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY

'um? 'umrawGu rdk;vif;rdk;csKyf arG;uwnf;u aowJhtxd 'Dw&m;rsm; rem&&if arm[eJUyJaerSm? arm[eJUyJaorSm/

arm[eJUaevdkY arm[eJU ao&if wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? wd& pämefjzpfrSmvm;/ (wd& pämefjzpfrSmygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzpf&if apmapmuajymwJh pum;r½dkif;ygbl;aemf/ aqGawmf? rsdK;awmf awGudk xyfNyD;awmh

av;av;pm;pm;owday;wmaemf/ 'Dtvkyf rvkyfbJeJU ckewHk;uvdk om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;awG a&SUxm;vdkY

trSefw&m;udk trSeftwdkif; rjrif&if? wu,fodoifh odxdkufwJhw&m;udk wu,f rod vdkuf&if wjcm;0ifrSmvm;?

arm[0ifrSmvm;/ (arm[0ifrSmyg bk&m;)/ arm[eJUao&if wd&pämefrjzpfbl;vm;/ acG;vnf;jzpfEdkifw,f? 0ufvnf;

jzpfEdkifw,f? EGm;vnf;jzpfEdkifw,fonf? trsdK;rsdK;jzpfoGm;Edkifw,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh arm[0ifNyDqdkawmh trSefudkrjrifawmh trSm;awG jrifawmhwmyJ/ 'gaMumifh tZmwowf&Sifbk&ifonf

tJ'DavmbaMumifh arm[jzpfw,f/ arm[aMumifhvnf; a'goawG rjzpfbl;vm;/ tJ'D avmbqkdwmvnf; wjcm;

oGm;wJUw&m;vm;? tyg,foGm;wJh w&m;vm;/ (tyg,foGm;wJU w&m;yg)/ uJ wpfvufpwnf; yHkaoenf;av;

qdkxm;OD;/

avmbeJUao NydwavmbeJUao Nydw

avmbeJUao NydwavmbeJUao Nydw

avmbeJUao Nydw åå åå åmjynf a&mufav {uefom/mjynf a&mufav {uefom/

mjynf a&mufav {uefom/mjynf a&mufav {uefom/

mjynf a&mufav {uefom/

a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav {uefom/a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav {uefom/

a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav {uefom/a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav {uefom/

a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav {uefom/

'Dawmh 'DyHkaoenf;av; rSwfxm; a,m*DwdkY/ a[m'D 0dyóem tvkyfrvkyforQumvywfvHk; avmb?

a'go? arm[awGu rtkyfbl;vm;/ (tkyfygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh tyg,fuvGwfygOD;rvm;? (rvGwfygbl;bk&m;)

vGwfvrf;rjrifygbl; a,m*DwdkY/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk7m; ecoDC okwfrSm a[mxm;wm/ vufonf;ay:u ajrrIefUeJU

a[m'D ESpfodef;av;aomif;xk&SdwJh r[myx0DajrBuD; EdIif;,SOfjyxm;ygw,f/ 'g a,m*Da[mif;awGuawmh bkef;BuD;

tjrJwrf;ajymvdkY em;xJrSm em;&nf0aeNyDaemf/ a,m*Dopfrsm; OD;pm;ay;NyD; owday;&wm[kwfvm;/

tJ'Dawmh &SiftmeE´mud k,fawmfjrwfud k rdef Uawmfrlxm;wm/ a[m'DrSm cspfom;Munfhprf;yg?

vufonf;cGHay:uajrrIefU? tJ'DajrrIefUeJU ESpfodef; av;aomif;xk&SdwJh r[myx0DajrBuD; b,f[mursm;ovJvdkY

ar;vdkufawmh? t&Sifbk&m; rEdIif;pmavmufygbl;wJh/ at;--cspfom;wJh? tJ'D rEdIif;pm avmufwJh twdkif;twmtm;jzifh

ESpfodef;av;aomif;xk&SdwJh r[myx0D ajrBuD;eJUtrQ tyg,fuswmwJh/ ok*wdu vufonf;cGHay:ygvmwmavmufyJ

&Sdw,f/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

26


tJ'g--bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG vufonf;cGHay:ygvmwm/ odyfuHaumif;w,faemf/ wpfoufvHk;?

wpfoHo&mvHk;u tyg,frSmcsnf;yJ aecJh&wm/ tck vufonf;cGHay:av; a&mufvmwm/ tJ'D vufoJcGHay:

a&mufvmwJhtcsdefrSm wjcm;bmawG nmawG odyfpOf;pm;raeeJU/ ta&;tBuD;qHk;udpöudk a&G;cs,fNyD;awmh vkyf&r,f/

tJ'Dtvkyfonf wjcm;tvkyfvm;? opömodzdkY tvkyfvm;/ (opömodzdkYyg bk&m;)/ opömudk odrS tyg,fab;uae

vGwfrSm/ [m--'Dvdkjzifh t&Sifbk&m; BuD;us,fvScsnfhvm;vdkY rar;eJUaemf bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfa[mxm;wm -

pwpw

pwpw

pw åå åå åma&m tyg,m oua*[o'domma&m tyg,m oua*[o'dom

ma&m tyg,m oua*[o'domma&m tyg,m oua*[o'dom

ma&m tyg,m oua*[o'dom

opömrodwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ aejrJtdrfonf tyg,fav;yg;wJh/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if udk,fhudk,fudk ar;? pmtkyfxJ vSefrMunfheJUawmh/

igopömodvm;? rod bl;vm;/ udk,fhudk,fudk ar;awmh? bkef;BuD;wdkY aqGawmf rsdK;awmfawG aus;Zl;qyfwmygaemf/

udk,fhudk,fudk jyefar;? igopömodvm;? rodbl;vm;/ udk,fhudk,fudk jyefar;&if tajzay:vmNyD/ rodbl;qdk&if tJ'D',ftdk;[m

ightwGuf wnfxm;wm rSwfxm;/ rD;zdkxJudk pdwfa&mufroGm;eJU? ',ftdk; qdkvdkY/ bmrsm; 'DaeUauR;rvJ pm;&rvJ

qdkvdkY oGm;rvkyfaeeJUaemf/ i&J ajymwm? bmajymwmvJ/ (i&Jajymwmygbk&m;)/

tif;--tJ'Dawmh opömrod&if i&Jjynfu',ftdk;BuD;[m ightwGuf vdkYom 'um?'umrawG qHk;jzwfcsufcs/

tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY om;a&; orD;a&; pD;yGm;a&; aemufxm;? opömodatmif t&ifvkyf/ tJ'g opömw&m;awG odawmhrS

qdkif&mqdkif&m avmb? a'go? arm[? 'd|d tp&SdwJh olUqdkif&m? qdkif&mawG rodrf;Edkifbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk odrf;EdkifoGm;NyDqdk&if

'um? 'umrawG 'Db0aocsmaygufuRwfwrf;0ifNyDayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dvdk odrf;EdkifzdkY twGufudk a,m*DwdkY tajccHoif&r,fhw&m;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;vm;?

(y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnf&if bmjyKwfr,f/ ('d|djyKwfr,f)/ 'd|djyKwfenf; b,fESpfenf;/

(oHk;enf;ygbk&m;)/ tckavmavmq,fjzKwf&rSmu b,fenf;eJU? (todÓmPfeJU)/ at;--todÓmPfeJU jzKwfEdkifzdkYudk

bmudk em;vnf&r,f/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'fudkyg bk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnfNyD;awmh 'd|dudk todÓmPfeJU jzKwfwJhenf;jzifh

jzKwfvdkY odoGm;NyD jyKwfoGm;NyDqdkvdkY&Sd&if 0dyóem tm;xkwfcJhaomf bm0dyóem (tm;BuD;aom0dyóem)/ tm;BuD;aom

0dyóemjzpf&if aoaocsmcsm tm;xkwf&if reuftm;xkwf&if nae&w,f/ nae tm;xkwf&if (reuf&ygw,f)/

tJ'D&w,fqdkwmu pdwful;,OfwJU w&m;vm;? vufawGU w&m;vm;/ (vufawGUw&m;ygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if 0dyóemtvkyfonf wjcm;tvkyfvm;? ÓmPftvkyf vm;/ (ÓmPftvkyfygbk&m;)/ tJ'D

ÓmPftvkyfvdkY oD;jcm;ajymqdkjim;aomf vnf;yJ psmefaum rygbl;vm;? (ygygw,f)/ uHaum rygbl;vm;/ 0dyóem

vkyfwmvnf; umrukodkvfygyJ? ykxkZOfawGrSm 'ge? oDv? bm0em bmyJvkyfvkyf umrm0 "gp&ukokdvf

ocFg&yJjzpfwmyg/ orxvkyfvnf; psmef r&cif ukodkvfyJ? uHyJ/ 0dyóemvkyfwJholvnf; r*fr&cif umr

ukokdvfyJ/ orx? 0dyóem vkyfayr,fh psmef&wJhtcgusrS psmefukokdvf ocFg& jzpfwmyg/ r*f&awmh

r*fukokdvfjzpfwmaygh/ 0dyóemvkyfaewJhtcgrSm umrm0p&ukokdvfjzpfw,f qkdayr,fh t0dZÆmaMumihfjzpfwJhukokdvfeJU

0dZÆmaMumihfjzpfwJhukokdvf? 'gawmh uGmw,f/ aemuft0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&mrSm &Sif;vmygvdrfhfr,f/

tJ'Dawmh a,m*Drsm;ud k vkyfief;cGif rajymcif 'DtvkyfeJ U ywfouf NyD;awmh bkef;BuD;wd k Y

0rf;omp&mav;ajym&r,fqdk&if 0dyóemtvkyfonf 3-rsdK; tudsK;ay;w,fvdkY rSwfvdkuf/ uHvnf; tusdK;ay;w,f/

psmefvnf; tusdK;ay;w,f/ odkYaomf uHeJUpsmefudk txGwftxdyfa&mufatmif wifay;wm onf? wjcm;tvkyfvm;?

ÓmPftvkyfvm;/ (ÓmPftvkyfygbk&m;)/

tJ'g aMumifh apmapmwkef;u uHeJUrwif;wdrfeJU/ uHeJU wif;wdrfvdkY ÓmPfrygonfh uHonf wjcm;&rSmvm;?

taoqdk;aoOD;rSmvm;/ (taoqdk; aoOD;rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh psmefeJUvnf; rwif;wdrfeJU? ÓmPfrygwJh psmefonf

vnf;yJ wjcm;vm;? romBuD;csOD;rSmvm;/ (romBuD;csOD;rSmygbk&m;)? tJ'DawmhrS 0dyóemav;vnf; &oGm;a&m

tJ'D rdrdwdkY jyKcJhwJhuHonf txGwftxdyf a&mufatmiftusdK;ay;ygw,f/ rdrdwdkYjyKcJhwJh psmefonf txGwftxdyf

a&mufatmif tusdK;ray;bl;vm;/ (ay;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk tusdK;ay; w,fqdkwJh apwemonf 7-&uf? 7-v?

27


7-ESpftwGif; tusdK;ay;wmyg? &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJawmh --,aeU 0dyóemtvkyf y#dpöorkyÜg'f 'Dvkyfief;awGudk emyg? tm;xkwfygvdkY wdkufwGef;wm[m

uHukodkvfaum r&bl;vm;? (&ygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkY rnfonfrSm raumif;usdK;ay;rSmvm;?

aumif;usdK;ay;rSmvm;? aumif;usdK;ay;ygw,f/

'Dvdkjzifh bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DawG aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk vlwdkif;rvdkcsif wJhol b,folrSr&Sdbl;/ tJ'Dawmh

aumif;usdK;csrf;omudkvdkcsif&if tdyfae&rSm vm;/ wu,f tvkyfvkyf&rSmvm;? (wu,ftvkyfvkyf&rSmygbk&m;)/

pD;yGm;a&; vkyfckdif;wmr[kwfbl;aemf? ÓmPftvkyfudkvkyfcdkif;wm/ tJ'DÓmPf tvkyfudk vkyf&ifudpö0dpötukefNyD;w,f/

tJ'gubkef;BuD;yg;pyfzsm; vrf;rqHk;ygeJU? vufawGUtvkyfvkyfMuprf; ygvdkY a,m*DwdkUudkwdkufwGef;ygw,f/

tJ'DawmhrS tm;BuD;aom 0dyóemjzpfzdkU? 'd|djzKwfzdkYtwGuf y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnf&r,f/ tJ'Dawmh 10-&uf

vHk;vHk; 'Dy#dpöorkyÜg'f puf0dkif; a'oemawmfudk bkef;BuD;wdkY oifjy&rSmyg/

,aeUreufuawmh tcsdefr&vdkY 'DavmufeJUyJ ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufNyD; qkawmif;arwåm ydkYvdkuf&atmif/

(om"k --- om"k --- om"k)(om"k --- om"k --- om"k)


(om"k --- om"k --- om"k)

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þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeUb,fES&uf ajrmufygvJ/ (2-&uf ajrmufygbk&m;)/

2-&ufajrmuf\ nae y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef; w&m;yGJBuD;ygyJaemf/ y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;w&m;vdkY OD;pm;ay;NyD;

ajym&&if okwf? 0denf;? tbd"r®m "r®u©Emaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmifrSm bkef;BuD;wdkYu tck oD;oefUtaeeJU

y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;w&m;yGJBuD;vdkY aMunm&wm[m reufu w&m;pOfxm;wJhtwdkif; ayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

udk,f htaMumif;ud k,fodwJ hw&m;udk,f htaMumif;ud k,fodwJ hw&m;udk,f htaMumif;ud k,fodwJ hw&m;udk,f htaMumif;ud k,fodwJ hw&m;udk,f htaMumif;ud k,fodwJ hw&m;

y#dpöorkyÜg'fqdkwm[m olrsm;taMumif;ajymwmvm;? udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fajymwmvm;/ (udk,fhtaMumif;

udk,fajymwmygbk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f qdkwm trdjrefrmpum;r[kwfbl;aemf/ ygVdpum;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dpum;u

rdrdwdkY bmom"avheJU em;vnf&r,fqdk&if taMumif;w&m;udk rSDí jzpfay:aomtusdK;w&m;udkac:ygw,faemf/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fqdkwm bmudk ac:ygvdrfh/ (taMumif;w&m;udkrSDí jzpfay:aom tusdK;w&m;ygbk&m;/) olrsm;taMumif;vm;?

udk,fhtaMumif;vm;/ (udk,fhtaMumif;ygbk&m;)/ udk,fh taMumif;qdkaomfvnf;yJ udk,fhcEm&JU taMumif;w&m;eJJU

udk,hfcE¨m&JU tusdK;w&m;yg/ 'Dvkdjzifh aMomf -- udk,fhudpö udk,fodwJhw&m;ayghaemf/ y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;u

olrsm;udpöodzdkYvm;? ukd,fhudpöudk,fodzdkYvm;/ (udk,fh udpöudk,f odzdkYygbk&m;)/ udk,fhudpöudk,fod&if wpfavmuvHk;

odNyD;om; jzpfygw,f-a,m*DwdkY/ wpfavmuvHk;odNyD;om;jzpfwmyJ/

bma Mumi f hv Jv d k Yq d k awm h v d k &i f ;av; jzw fa jym&r, fq d k &i f &m[ kavm 0 g'o kw fr S m

28


jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mxm;wm&Sdw,f/ t&Sif&m[kvmudk ]]cspfom;wJh -- "mwfav;yg; cE ¨mxJ Munfhprf;uG/

rdrdcEmxJrSm&SdwJh "mwfav;yg;udk &Sif;oGm;&if wpfavmuvHk;u xdkUtwlygyJ}}wJh/ 'Dvdk rdefUawmfrlw,faygh/ bkef;BuD;wdkY

y#dpöorkyÜg'fqdkwmvnf; olrsm;taMumif; ajymwmvm;? udk,fh taMumif;udk,fMunfh&rSmvm;/ (udk,fhtaMumif;

ud k,f Munf h&rSmygbk&m;)/ ud k,f htaMumif;ud k,f Munf hawmh ud k,f htaMumif; ud k,f jrifw,f? ud k,f h

taMumif;udk,fodw,fayghaemf/ udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fod&if wpfavmuvHk;udk jrifNyD;om;jzpfygw,f a,m*DwdkY/

'Dvdkjzifh&if udk,fhtaMumif;udk,f ½kyfeJU ywfoufvdkYMunfh&if ½kyfrSm 28-yg;wGif "mwfav;yg;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f

bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh rdrdcEmudk,frSm&SdwJh "mwf 4-yg;awGudk jrifatmif MunfhvdkufvdkY jrifoGm;NyDqdk&if wpfavmuvHk;udk

MunfhcsifovdkMunfh 'um? 'umrawG rsufpdrSdwfMunfhMunfh? rsufpdzGifh MunfhMunfh? MunfhcsifovdkMunfh rjrifEdkifbl;vm;/

(jrifEdkifygw,f)/ wpf avmuvHk;udk xdk;azmufjrifEdkifwmyJ/

'gaMumifhrdkY t&Sifaum@nBuD; tmavmaum O'yg'd jzpfoGm;wm wpfavmuvHk; xdk;azmufNyD;awmh

csufcsif;jrifoGm;wmaemf/ tJ'g wjcm;jrifvdkYvm;? cE¨mudkjrifvdkYvm;/ (cE ¨mudk jrifvdkYygbk&m;)/ tJ'g udk,fhcEm udk

jrifatmifMunfhwJh w&m;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY ,aeU aMunmxm;wmu y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;wJh/ bmw&m;ygvJ/

(y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;ygbk&m;)/ reufu w&m;pOfcJhNyDaemf/ tJ'D cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f w&m;udkem;vnf&if ouúm, 'd|djyKwfr,f/

cEy#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnf&if bmjyKwfr,f/ (ouúm,'d|d jyKwfygr,fbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh&if 'd|drjyKwf&if odyfaMumufp&m

aumif;w,f/ bmjzpfvdkY 'd|drjyKwf&if aMumufp&maumif;ovJqdkwm reufuvnf; 'Da'oempOf vnf; bkef;BuD;

&GwfjyoGm;w,f [kwfvm;/ owåd,m 0d, Morawåm qdkwm/ 'D 'd|drjyKwfvdkYqdk&if rdrdwdkY&ifxJrSm i&JrsdK;aph&Sdaew,f/

bmrsdK;aph (i&JrsdK;aph)/ rsdK;aphqdkwm 'um? 'umrawG ajreJU a&eJU awGU&if tyifaygufrSmyJ/ 'd|du rsdK;apheJUwlw,f/

i&JrsdK;aph/ tJ'DrsdK;aphudk t0dZÆmqdkwJh ajray:rSm wPSma&av;rsm;yufzsef;vdkuf&if 'dkif;qdk tyg,fav;yg; tyif

aygufrSmaygh/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

'Dvdkjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU'um? 'umrawG rsdK;u rsdK;uef;oGm;NyD vkdYqdk&if a&avmif;csifoavmufavmif;

tyifaygufOD;rSmvm;/ (rayguf ygbl;)/ b,favmuf ajrMoZmawGeJUyJpdkufpdkuf tyifaygufygOD;rvm;/ (rayguf

ygbl;bk&m;)/ rsdK;uef;oGm;vdkY/ tJ'DrsdK;uef;oGm;&if tyifraygufawmhbl; qkdawmh rsdK;qdkwm wpfjcm;ajymwmvm;?

'd|dajymwmvm;/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ 'um? 'umrawG &ifxJrSm vlwdkif;? vlwdkif; ykxkZOfrSeforQ 'd|dqdkwJh i&JrsdK;aph&Sdw,f/

tJ'D i&JrsdK;aphudk bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG wjcm; vkyf&rSmvm;/ y,f&rSmvm;/ (y,f&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D

'd|dudk owf&rSmaemf/

'd|dowfEdkifzdkYtwGufudk bmudkem;vnf&r,f/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnf&ygr,f)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&if

ouúm,'d|dudk y,fEdkifaomf vnf;yJ todeJUaemf/ oów Oapä' y,fEdkifyghrvm;/ ry,fEdkifbl;wJhaemf/ aus;Zl;&Sif

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rdefUawmfrloGm;wm bmaMumifhvJ qdk&if 'd|dqdkwm wjcm;rSmuyfwmvm;? cEmrSmuyfwmvm;/

(cEmrSm uyfwmyg bk&m;)/ þum;½kyf þum;emrfqdkwJh ½kyfeJUemrfudkod&if ouúm,'d|d uawmh y,fEdkifw,fxm;/

odkYaomf y#dpöorkyÜg'feJU aMumif;usdK;qufudk em;rvnfvdkY &Sd&if oów Oapä' Nidaew,f/ tJ'Dvdk oów

Oapä'NidaevdkY 0dyóem tm;xkwfcJhaomf bm0dyóem (tm;enf;aom 0dyóemygbk&m;)/ bkef;BuD;wdkY reufu

w&m;pOfNyD;NyDaemf/ 'Dawmh oów Oapä'udk q&mhxHrSm todÓmPf eJU rjzKwfbJeJU tm;xkwfcJhaomf bm0dyóem

(tm;enf;aom 0dyóem)/

tm;enf;aom0dyóemonf ukodkvfawmh &w,f/ edA Ámefawmh (r&Edkifbl;)/ 'Dawmh tck a,m*DwdkYu

tcsdefwdkwdkav;eJU tdk;ypf? tdrfypf tqif;&J tyifyef;cHvmwm bmudkvdkcsifMuvdkYvJ/ (edAÁmefudk vdkcsifvdkYyg

bk&m;)/

odkYjzifh edA Ámefudk aorSjrif&rSmvm;? ,ckjrif&rSmvm;/ (,ck jrif& rSmygbk&m;)/ tifrwefrS vufawGUuswJh

odyÜHenf;uswJh? Ak' ¨w&m;awmf jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk vufawGUjrifEdkifwJhtwGuf tajccHem;vnf&rSm bmudk

29


em;vnf&rSmvJ/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'fudkygbk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd rodvdkY&Sd&if rjzpfzl;aygh/ 'gaMumifh

aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfBuD;vJ rMumrMum rdefUawmfrlcJhw,f/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;rvnf&if vludk rjzpfao;bl;a[hwJh

qdkawmh [m--BuD;us,fvScsnfvm; atmufarhw,f/ wu,fawmh 'D pum;vHk;u enf;enf;rSrydkbl;aemf/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fqdkwmuvnf; oifwJhq&m uvnf; pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf oif&ovdk avhvmwJh a,m*Drsm;uvnf;

pdwf&SnfzdkUawmh ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (ta&;BuD;ygw,fbk&m;)/ wpfcPcsif; eJUawmh tukefvHk; rjzpfEdkifbl;aemf/

bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; av;oacsFeJU urÇmwpfodef; yg&rDjznfhNyD;rS odwJhÓmPfudk;/

'Dvkdjzifh om0uBuD;awGvnf; wpfoacsF urÇmwpfodef; yg&rDjznfhrSod&wJh w&m;qdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um?

'umrawG 10-&uf avmufeJU vG,fvG,f ulul od&w,fqdkawmh tifrwefudk bkef;uHxl;aewm/ tJ'Dawmh

enf;enf; awmh pdwf&SnfzkdUYta&;BuD;w,fayghaemf/

uJ -- 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ tJ'Dvdk vG,fvG,fulul em;vnfEdkifatmif aus;Zl;awmf&Sif t*¾r[my@dw

rdk;ukwfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u trsm; em;vnfwJh pum;eJU vG,fvG,fulul odEdkifatmif a[m'Dpuf0dkif; a'oemBuD;

udk pDpOfcJhw,fayghaemf/ q&mawG q&mpOfquf o,faqmifvmcJhwJh a'oempOfudk aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

'Dpuf0dkif; a'oemBuD;eJU 'um? 'umrawGudk raqmif&GufcJhbl;vm;/ (aqmif&GufcJhygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh

a,m*DwdkYa&SUarSmufrSm ,ck&SdaewJhpuf0dkif; a'oemawmfBuD;onf ukd,fhcEm taMumif;awGudkjyaewm/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if

udk,fhcEmtaMumif;udkodzdkYtwGufudk bkef;BuD;wdkYu 'Dpuf0dkif;a'oemawmfBuD;udk avhvm&r,f? oifMum;&r,faygh/

tJ'Dvdk oifMum;EdkifzdkYtwGufudk 'DrSm y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JUt*FgawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

udk,frodwmawG

'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk tm;vHk;a,m*DwdkY puf0dkif;udkMunfhMuyg/ oifwef;pygawmhr,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh

tay:ydk'fudkawmh tomxm;vdkufOD;/ tay:ydk'fudk aemufrS &Sif;r,f/ atmuf tydk'fuav;udk t&ifoGm;r,faemf/

atmuftydk'frSm tm;vHk;aom a,m*Drsm; qDrSmvnf; pm&Gufuav;awG udk,fpDudk,fiS &Sdygw,f/ uJ--tJ'Dawmh

rlvESpfjzmudk nDwlnmwl qdkvdkuf r,f/

rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;udk,frsm;ESifh oHk;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;udk,frsm;ESifh oHk;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?


rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;udk,frsm;ESifh oHk;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?

0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm? jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm? jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS

0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm? jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm? jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS

0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm? jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS

vGwfaMumif;wnf;/vGwfaMumif;wnf;/


vGwfaMumif;wnf;/

'gu 'Dpuf0dkif;a'oemawmfudk oifzdkY twGufvuFmaemf/ tJ'D vuFmav;udk axmuf? axmufNyD;

'Dpuf0dkif;udkaxmufvdkuf&if udk,fhcEm taMumif;ay:vmwmaygh/ udk,fhtaMumif;awG udk,fodvmwmaygh/ bkef;BuD;wdkY

'um? 'umrawG wpfoufvHk; wpfoHo&mvHk;u udk,fh taMumif;udk,f &dyfudk r&dyfrdMuvkdY/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

udk,fhtaMumif;udk,f odzdkYrajymeJU/ &dyfudk r&dyfrdMuvdkY wpfoHo&mvHk;rSm tyg,feJU aecJhMu&wmyJaygh/

pwåma&m tyg,m oua*[o'dom qdkwm 'Dopömw&m;awG (0g) 'D y#dpöorkyÜg'f w&m;awGudkrodwJh

yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ aejrJtdrfonf tyg,f av;yg;udk;/ bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG tck vlUb0a&mufvmwm tifrwef

uHaumif;vdkYaemf/ tcktcsdefcgrSm 'Dvdkw&m;awG rodbJeJU jyefNyD; awmh 'Db0rSm aojcif;eJU &ifqkdifoGm;Mur,fqkd&if

wjcm;jyefoGm;rSmvm;/ tyg,fjyefoGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,fjyefoGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tm;vHk;aom

aqGawmfrsdK;awmfrsm;udk txl;owday;csifwmu i&J? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? tol&um,fqdkwJh tyg,f av;bHku

rdrdwdkY&JU tjrJwrf;aewJhtdrfBuD;/ tck vlUb0a&mufwJhtdrfu cPav;aewm/ wpfoufvHk;awmif ae&csifrS

ae&rSm/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

tck vuf&SdaewJh tdrfuaum a[m -- 'DtdrfrBudKufvdkY 'Dxuf aumif;wJhtdrfav;wpfvHk;aqmufr,fqdk&if

a[m--'Dtdrfxm;NyD;? a[m aemuftdrfoGm;aeaum/ wpfoufvHk; rae&awmhbl;qdkwJh t"dyÜg,faemf/ tckvlUb0udk

a&mufvmwJh tdrfu acwå ,m,Daewm/ tJawmh acwå,m,DaewJhtdrfBuD;udk bkef;BuD;wkdY 'um? 'umrawG

30


pGJaevdkYawmh rjzpfzl;aemf/ trav;--av;? tJ'D tdrfBuD; rsm; pGJao&if uRwfygh rvm;/ (ruRwfygbl;bk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if tdrfaqmuf rdwmawmifcufNyD/ bkef;BuD;ajymyHkqdkf&ifawmh/ 'gayr,fh rcufygeJU rcufygeJU/ temeJUaq;

udkufatmifay;? aysmufa&;rcufyg qdkovdk? tem&Sd&ifawmh aq;&Sdwmaygh/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f

em;vnf &rSmygbk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&if tJ'Dvd koH k;pG Jae&if;eJUud k edA Ámefudk jrifEk difygw,f/

b,favmuf0rf;omp&maumif;vJaemf/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'g wjcm;odvdkYvm;/ udk,fhtaMumif;udk,fodvdkYvm;/

(udk,fhtaMumif;udk,f odvdkYygbk&m;)/ rlvESpfjzmqdkwm a,m*Dopfrsm; OD;pm;ay;&Sif;r,faemf/ a[m'D tv,facgifu

(t0dZÆmeJU wPSmygbk&m;/) tm;vHk;ajzyg a,m*DwdkY/ 'Doifwef;qdkwmu em;axmifaumif;atmif a[mvdkYr&bl;/

tm;vHk; rSwfrdoGm;atmifaygh/ &ifxJrSm toJxJrSm pGJoGm;atmifaygh/

rlvESpfjzm qdkwmbmygvdrfh/ (t0dZÆmeJU wPSmygbk&m;)/ a[m'D tv,facgifu t0dZÆmeJU wPSmaemf --

[kwfvm;/

opömESpfcku (ork',opöm? 'ku©opöm)/ topfawGrdkYvdkY bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyKaewmaemf/ a,m*Da[mif;awGqdk

axmufraebl;/ bkef;BuD; wef;a[mvdkufwmyJ/

ckeajymwJh rlvESpfjzmqdkwm t0dZÆmeJU wPSmqdkwmu? ckrS 'Dpum;vHk;BuD;awG a&;xm;wm jrif&w,f/

tJ'gu olrsm;taMumif; ajym aewmvm;? udk,fhtaMumif;udk,fajymaewmvm;/ (udk,fhtaMumif;udk,f

ajymaewmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmeJU wPSmqdkwm vufpowfawmh udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fajymaewmudk;/ odkYaomf

udk,fhtaMumif;udk,fajymaewmudk rodwm/ rodwm/ tckawmh a,m*DwdkY odcGifh&NyDaemf/ opömESpfcku bmeJUbmeJUvJ/

(ork',opöm? 'ku©opömygbk&m;)/

aemufwpfcku av;cktvTmqdkonfrSm uJqdk

twdwftaMumif; wpfvTm?

ypöKyÜeftusdK; wpfvTm?

ypöKyÜeftaMumif; wpfvTm?

tem*wftusdK;wpfvTm/

aemuf t*Fgwpfq,hfESpfyg;wJh/ uJ t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;ukd axmufay;r,f/ tm;vkH;ajymMu/

t0dZÆm? ocFg&? 0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'em? wPSm? Oyg'gef? ur®b0? Zmwd? Z&m?

r&Pygbk&m;)/ t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;/

ESpf&yfrlv tomxm;vdkuf/

0#foHk;0ESifhqdkawmh 'DrSmqdk?

udavo0#f?

ur®0#f?

0dygu0#f/

'DawmhrS udavo0#f b,fESpfyg;vJqdkawmhrS b,fvdkajymrvJ/ (3-yg;yg bk&m;)/

ur®0#fu b,fESpfyg;vJqdk&if (2-yg; ygbk&m;)/

0dygu0#fu b,fESpfyg;vJqdk&if (8-yg;ygbk&m;)/ [dkrSm 8-yg;aemf/ [dk;xdyfqHk;rSm a&;xm;w,f/ &Spfyg;/

udavo0#foHk;yg;udk ajymygqdkawmh (t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gefyg bk&m;)/ 'DrSmaemf a,m*DwdkY 'DrSm

jrm;qGJxm;w,faemf/ udavo0#f 3-yg;rSm 'Djrm;u'Dvdkqif;w,f/ 'Djrm;u 'Dvkdqif;vmw,faemf/

t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef? 'DoHk;ckudk bm0#fvdkYac:vJ/ (udavo0#fygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh udavo0#fu b,fESpfyg;

(oHk;yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'DoHk;yg;u b,folawGygvdrfh (t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gefygbk&m;)/

a[m 'DbufMunfhvdkufawmh ur®0#fu b,fESpfyg; (ESpfyg;ygbk&m;)/ ESpfyg;u b,foleJUb,fol (ocFg&eJU

31


ur®b0ygbk&m;)/ 'DrSm jrm;jyxm; w,faemf/ ocFg& 'Djrm; 'DudkoGm;/ ur®b0/ odkYjzifh ur®0#fu b,fESpfyg;

(ESpfyg;ygbk&m;)/ b,foleJUb,fol (ocFg&eJU ur®b0)/

[dk;buf xdyfrSm ckeuajymNyD;NyD/ 0dygu0#fu b,fESpfyg; (&Spfyg;yg bk&m;)/ &Spfyg;uawmh 'DrSm 0dnmPf

emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'em tay:u cEm 5-yg;aemf? Zmwd Oyywå db0 Z&mr&P 3-yg;/ tJ'Dawmh

0dygu0#f b,fESpfyg; (&Spfyg;ygbk&m;)/ uJ -- qdkyg/ 0dygu0#f &Spfyg;u b,folawGvJ/ (0dnmPf emrf½kyf

oVm,we zó a0'em Zmwd Oyywådb0 Z&mr&Pyg bk&m;)/ 'g -- 0#foHk;0eJUqdk 'DvkdyJ ajymvdkufr,f/

umvoHk;jzm qdkwmu 'DrSmMunfh-

vGefavNyD;aomtwdwfumv?

,ckjzpfqJ ypöKyÜefumv?

aemifjzpfvwåHU tem*wfumv/

jci f ; &m E S p fq, fu sawm h e H y gw f xnf h a j ymwmu jyn f h p H kw, faem f a,m* Dw d k Y

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;a[moGm;wJhtxJrSm eHygwfuav;awG xdk;cdkif; xm;w,f? [kwfvm;/

eHygwf (1) twdwftaMumif; tjcif;t&m 5-yg;?

eHygwf (2) ypöKyÜeftusdK;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;?

eHygwf (3) ypöKyÜeftaMumif;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;?

eHygwf (4) tem*wf tusdK;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;/

jcif;&m ESpfq,fudkajymyg/ eHygwf(1) twdwftaMumif;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;? eHygwf (2) ypöKyÜeftusdK;tjcif;t&m

5-yg;? eHygwf (3) ypöKyÜef taMumif;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;? eHygwf(4) tem*wftusdK;tjcif;t&m 5-yg; ygbk&m;)/

eHygwf (1) twdwftaMumif;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;u bmawGvJ/ 'DrSm axmufay;r,f/ uJ-ajym/ (t0dZÆm?

ocFg&? wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0ygbk&m;)/

eHygwf (2) ypöKyÜef tudsK;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;u (0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'emygbk&m;)/

eHygwf (3) ypöKyÜeftaMumif;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;u (wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0? t0dZÆm? ocFg&ygbk&m;)/

eHygwf (4) tem*wftusdK;tjcif;t&m 5-yg;u (0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'emygbk&m;)/

aemufNyD;awmhrS ajym&rSmu ig;av;vD ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf?

oHo&mrSvGwfaMumif;wnf;/ 'Dvdk ajymr,faemf/ uJ -- qdk/

ig;av;vD ESpfq,f þ&SpfoG,fudk tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS vGwfaMumif;wnf;/

tJ'g -- y#dpöorkyÜg'f puf0dkif;&JUoifwef;aemf/ puf0kdif;pOfudk 'Dvkd oifvdkufwJhtcgusawmh 'Dpuf0dkif;BuD;udk

'DvdkaxmufwwfoGm;NyD/ EdkYrdkYqdk&if tJ'Dpuf0dkif;BuD;udk jrifwmeJUpdwfnpfoGm;a&m/ b,fup&rSef;rodbl;/ 'Dvdk vufawGU

raxmufjy&if 'Dpuf0kdif;urodbl;/ tcsdKUawmfawmfrsm;rsm; pmay vdkufpm;wJholawG tJ'D y#dpöorkyÜg'f puf0dkif;MunfhNyD;

tJ'Dpmtkyfudkifudk rudkifawmhzl;/ v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;wdkY a&;wJh y#dpöorkyÜg'fawG [kdt&ifuwnf;u ay:aewm/

zwf&if; zwf&if; tdyf&wJh b0a&mufa&m/ em;udkrvnfbl;/ 'Davmufus,f0ef;wmaemf/

tckvJyJMunfh puf0dkif;BuD;udk ckvdkom vufxyfaxmufroif&if 'um? 'umrawG em;vnfyghrvm;/

(em;rvnfygbl;bk&m;)/ tck axmufoGm;wJh a'oempOfawGu olrsm;taMumif; wpfckrS rygbl;/ ukd,fhtaMumif;

udk,f ajymaewm? &Sif;NyDaemf/ ukd,fom ravhvmvdkYom rodwm 'um? 'umrawG/ a[m avmuBuD;rSm

udk,fod&r,fhw&m;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdygvm;vdkY wjznf;jznf;ay:vmNyD/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;? (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh udk,fodaewJh t&mav;u enf;enf;av;yJ/ avmurSm udk,frodwmawG trsm;BuD; r&Sdbl;vm;?

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ q&mawmf OD;Ak"f[m usrf;aygif; 100-avmufjyKoGm;wm? tif; -- igpmrwwf

ao;ygvm;vdkY nnf;&Smawmfrlw,fwJh -- aemf/ eufeJtm;BuD;vkdY? eufeJtm;BuD;vdkYaemf/ ckeu tvG,fusufrSwf

32


odaptyfonfh oHo&mrS vGwfaMumif;wnf;/ qdkprf;yg (tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf oHo&mrS vGwfaMumif;wnf;)/

'gav;&Sif;ay;OD;r,f/ a,m*Da[mif;awG enf;enf;onf;cHyg/

omoemjyK[lonfomoemjyK[lonfomoemjyK[lonfomoemjyK[lonfomoemjyK[lonf

tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf oHo&mrS vGwfaMumif;wnf;/ 'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk tajccH pNyD;&Sif;wmyJ

-- [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh tvG,fusuffrSwf odaptyfonf oHo&mrSvGwfaMumif;wnf; qdkwm omoemudkajymygw,f

a,m*DwdkY/ bmudkajymwmvJ/ (omoemudkajymwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh omoemqkdwJhpum;[m tqHk;trudkac:ygw,f/

omoem qdkwm bmudkac:ygvdrhf? (tqHk;trygbk&m;)/ jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; \ tqHk;trudk

omoemvdkYac:ygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JUtqkH;trawGukd vlawG&JUpdwfoEÅmefrSm ESvkH;om;rSmwnfatmifjyKwmukd

omoemjyKw,fvkdU ac:ygw,f/

'DomoemjyKqkdwJhacgif;pOfatmufrSm t0wfñkdñkd rkwfqdwf A&yspfeJU oluvnf; omoemjyK?

t0wfjzL0wfoluvnf; omoemjyK? acgif;aygif; wusm;usm;eJUoluvn;f omoemjyK? csJ*Pef;ay;oluvnf;

omoemjyK? tkd -- omoemjyKawG azmif;yGaevkdufwm/ 'Dawmh bk&m;&Sif udk,fawmf jrwfBuD;qHk;rwJh omoemawmfu

oHk;rdsK;yJ&Sdygw,f/ b,fESpfrsKd;&Sd? (3-rsdK; ygbk&m;)/ ax&0g'Ak'omoemwGif Ak'¨bmomawG ,HkMunfudk;pm;wJh

bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwf wdkuf½dkufa[mwJh qHk;rwJh bk&m; tqHk;trawGudk omoemvdkYac:w,fvdkY rSwfygaemf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU tqHk;trudk bmac: ygvdrfh? (omoemvdkYac:ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if a,m*DwdkY 'DaeUomoemjyK

omoemjyK qdkwJhpum;vHk;[m wpfurÇmvHk;oHk; aewm/ roHk;zl;vm;? (oHk;ygw,fbk&m;)/ Ak' ¨bmomuvnf;

omoemrjyK bl;vm;? (jyKygw,f bk&m;)/ c&pf,mefuvnf; rjyKbl;vm;? (jyKygw,f bk&m;)/ tpövmrfvnf;

rjyKbl;vm;? (jyKygw,f bk&m;)/ olU[meJUol tukefomoemjyKaeMuwm/ ' Dawm h omoem jy K

pum;vHk;udk vlwdkif;? vlwdkif;oHk;aewmyJ/ oHk;NyDaemf/ oHk;cGifh&Sdygw,f/ olUbmomeJUol ,HkMunf&mrSm oHk;cGifh&Sdw,faemf/

odkYaomf ,aeUoHk;cGifh &Sdaomfvnf;yJ pum;vHk;omwlayr,fhvnf; oabm oGm;csif; rwlbl;aemf/ ,aeUa,m*DwdkU

tckajymaewJh omoemu bmoemygvdrfh/ (ax&0g'Ak'omoemygbk&m;)/ omoemqdkwm wjcm;vm;? tqHk;trvm;/

(tqHk;trygbk&m;)/ ,aeUbkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DwdkY ajymaewJh bmoemu wjcm;yk*¾dKvf&JU tqHk;trr[kwfbl;aemf/

or®morÁK' jrwfpGm bk&m;&JU tqHk;tryg/ b,folU tqHk;trvJ? (or®morÁK'&JU tqHk;tryg bk&m;)/ cJGajymaewm?

a&moGm;rSmpdk;vdkUaemf/

wjcm; wjcm;wdkif;jynfawGuaeNyD;awmh wu,fh 'D ppfrSefwJh w&m;udkjrefrmjynfudkvmNyD;awmh

omoemjyKvdkY&&JUvm;? r&bl;? jrefrmEdkifiH urSomvQif wpfurÇmvHk;udk omoemjyKay;aewm/ tppfrSefqHk; w&m;udk

jyKwm/ bmudkjyKwmvJ? (tppfrSefqHk; w&m;udkygbk&m;)/ b,fw&m;jyK aew,fqdkwm wjznf;jznf; y#dpöorkyÜg'f

oifwef;udkoif&if;eJU ay:vmyg vdrfhr,f/ tJ'gxm;vdkuf/ olUtcef;u@usawmholay:vmvdrfhr,f/

tJawmh omoemqdkwmonf ckeajymwm bmygvdrfh/ (tqHk;tr)/ b,folUtqHk;trvJqdkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU

tqHk;tr/ bk&m;tqHk;trvdkU tMurf;zsif;ajym/ 'DawmhrS b,fbk&m;tqHk;trvJ qdkawmhrS or®or ÁK' ¨

jrwfpGmbk&m;&JUtqHk;tr/ b,fbk&m;tqHk;tr (or®mor ÁK'¨ jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU tqHk;trygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

bk&m;qdkwJhpum;vHk;uawmh wjcm;ol awGvnf; oHk;Muwmaygh/ olUbk&m;eJUolr&Sdzl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

ewfudk;uG,fwJh olvnf; ewfbk&m;&SdwmyJ/ ewfbk&m;&JU tqHk;trudk emcHwJholawGuvnf; olUomoemyJaygh/

&Sif;NyDaemf/ bkef;BuD;wdkY 'gawG tus,fw0ifhajym&if trsm;BuD;yJ/ xm;vdkufawmh/

tJ'Dawmh olUbk&m;&JU tqHk;trudkemcHw,f qdkawmh oludk;uG,f&m tqHk;trudkemcHwm bmygvdrhf/ (omoem)/

tck a,m*DwdkY ,aeUtck ajymaewJh omoemu Ak'&JUtqHk;tr/ b,folU tqHk;tr (Ak'&JUtqHk;tr)/ 'Dvdkjzifh

Ak'¨qdkwmu yk*¾dKvfwdkif; 'DtrnfcHvdkY r&bl;/ 'DtrnfcHvdkY &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ pwkopö"ar® AkZöswDwd

33


Aka'¨g-opöm 4-yg;ukd odwJholrSAk'¨/urÇmay:rSm&SdorQbk&m;awG Ak' ¨vdkY trnfcHvdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/

odyfav;eufwJhpum;vHk;aemf/

aMomf--a[m'Dod'¨w¬rif;om;qdkwJU &Sifbk&ifuaejzpfvmwJh a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;

wpfqlomvQif a[m'D urÇmrSm Ak' ¨vdkY trnfcHw,faemf/ 'Db'´urÇmrSm uukoef? aumPm*kH? uóy? a*gwr

qkdNyD; bk&m;&Sifav;qlyGifhawmfrlw,f/ 'D 4-qlaom bk&m;&SifwkdUonfom Ak'trnfcHvkdU&ygw,f/ usefwJhyk*¾dKvfawG

usefwJhbk&m;awG Ak'vdkY trnfcHvdkY &&JUvm;/ r&bl;/ odyfav;eufygw,f/

bmjzpfvdkY Ak'¨vdkUtrnfcHvdkY r&wmvJqdkawmh avmurSm wu,fh ppfrSefwJh opömqdkwm av;yg;yJ&Sdw,f/

b,fESpfyg;vJ? (av;yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D opömav;yg;udk tJ'Dbk&m;awG rodbl;/ rjrifbl;? em;rvnfbl;? udk,frS

rodrjrif em;rvnf&if jyefNyD;awmh a[mvdkY &yghrvm;? (r&ygbl;)/ 'DomoemjyefjyKay;vdkY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/

ukd,frS em;rvnfwm b,fvkdenf;eJUrS jyKvdkYr&bl;/

tJawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;u tJ'DppfrSefwJhw&m;awGudk toufeJUvJNyD;awmh BudK;pm;NyD;vdkY

tm;xkwfvdkY oludk,fwkdif opömw&m;udk rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ oludk,fwdkif opömw&m;udkjrifNyD;wJh

tcgusawmhrS owå0g a0ae,swdkYudk 'Dtwkdif;vkyfa[hvkdU tmrcHeJUa[mwm 'um? 'umrawG a,mif0g;0g;

a[mwmvm;? tmrcHeJUa[mwmvm;/ (tmrcHeJU a[mwmyg bk&m;)/ ig a[mvdkYusifhvmvdkY a[m'Dvdk t&omudk

igcHpm;&w,f/ 'D0#fudk iguRwfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh cspfom;? cspforD;wdkY igusifhwJh usifhpOftwdkif; 'Dvdkusifhprf;uGmvdkY

wdkuf½dkufra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'g tqHk;traemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh Ak'qdkwm bk&m;qkdolwkdif;trnfcHvdkYr&bl;/ urÇmay:rSm Ak'vdkU trnfcHxdkufwm ck tm;vHk;aom

bkef;BuD;wdkY? a,m*DwdkY udk;uG,faewJh jrwfpGmbk&m;omvQif Ak' ¨vdkYtrnfcHxdkufw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ,aeU omoem

onf b,folUomoemvJqdk&if Ak' ¨omoem? jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU tqHk;traygh/ 'DawmhjrwfpGmbk&m;qHk;rwm

b,fESpfrsdK;qHk;rovJ/ (3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ oHk;rsdK;u tm;vHk;em;vnfwJhpum;eJUajym&if-

y&d,wå d omoem?

y#dywå d omoem?

y#da0"omoem/

y& d,w å domoemqd kwm "r ®u ©E ¨maygi f ;& Sp faomi f ;av;axmi fu d k oi ft Hy k d Uc saewmuk d

y&d,wå domoemvkdYac:ygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmf jrwfBuD; av;oacsFeJU urÇmwpfodef; umvywfvHk;

yg&rDq,fyg; tjym; oHk;q,fudkjznfhvdkY bk&m;jzpfoGm;awmh 45-0gumvywfvHk; ow å0g a0ae,sawGudk tifrwef

tqif;&JJtyifyef;cHNyD;awmh w&m;awGa[m NyD;awmh ru,fcJhbl;vm;/ (u,fcJhygw,fbk&m;)/ u,fcJhygw,faemf/

edum,f ig;&yf? yd#uwf oHk;oG,fayghaemf/

bk&m;vnf; y&dedAÁmefpHoGm;a&m ola[mcJhwJh w&m;awGudk &SiftmeE´mtp&SdwJh oHCmawmft&SifjrwfawGu

EIwfiHkaqmifxm;wm/ bmvkyfxm;wmvJ (EIwfiHkaqmifxm;wmygbk&m;)/ EIwfiHkaqmifxm;wm tckvdk pmtkyfr&Sdbl;/

tukefEIwfiHkaqmifxm;wJh tJ'Dw&m;awGudk yxrOD;qHk; &Sifr[muóy udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;tBuD;trSL; jyKNyD;awmh

o*Fg,emwif &w,fav/ o*Fg,emwifawmhrS &SiftmeE´mu 'gawGjrwfpGmbk&m;u b,fae&mrSm

bmawGa[mcJhvJqdkwm tukefvHk;jyefNyD; awmh ra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f)/ tJ'Dvdka[mwJhtwGuf tJ'DjrwfpGmbk&m;&JU

wynfhjzpfwJh &[EÅmawGcsnf;yJ ig;&muae tJ'gudk jyefNyD;awmh pkaygif;&Gwfqkd o*Fg,em wifcJ hwm

&[EÅmrax&fBuD;awGcsnf; o*Fg,emrSmyg0ifcJhvkdU ax&dum o*Fg,em? rax&f 500-ygvkdU yÍöowduo*Fg,emvkdU

ac:ygw,f/ tJ'D rax&ftqufqufu qif;oufvmwJh0g'jzpfvkdU b,fvdkac:wmvJ/ (ax&0g'vdkYac:ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'D rax&fBuD;awG todtrSwfjyKxm;wJh w&m;udk ax&0g'vdkYac:w,f/ EdkYrdkU ax&0g'qdkwm bmac:rSef;rod

jzpfaeOD;r,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

34


omoemaysmufvQiomoemaysmufvQiomoemaysmufvQiomoemaysmufvQiomoemaysmufvQif

jrwfpGmbk&m;y&dedAÁmefpHNyD;awmh &Sifr[muóyBuD;wdkY &SiftmeEmwdkU OD;aqmifNyD;awmh &[EÅmb,favmufvJ

(ig;&m)/ tJ'D &[EÅm ig;&muae jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlcJhwJhw&m;awGudk &SiftmeE´mu tukefvHk;bk&m;u

jyefjyefNyD; a[mjyawmh 'gudkoludk,fwdkif 'um? 'umrawG EIwfiHkaqmif xm;wm/ tJ'gawGudk &GwfzwfNyD;awmh

twnfjyKvdkufwJhw&m;[m tJ'g ax&0g'Ak'&JUw&m;awGjzpfygw,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'D twnfjyKxm;wJh "r®u©Emaygif;

&Spfaomif;av;axmifudk wpfqifh wpfqifh wpfqifh tck ajcmufBudrfwdkifwdkif o*Fg,emrwifbl;vm;/

(wifygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkdudk jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ESpfBudrf wifcJhw,faygh/

tJ'DvdkESpfBudrfwifvmwmawG[m a[m ,aeUvnf; q|o*Fg,em vnf; wifNyD;a&m 'um? 'umrawG

pmtkyfawG xGufvmNyD/ pmaytxd rjzpfbl;vm;/ yOöro*Fg,em wifwkef;u ausmufxuftu©&mwif xm;w,f/

[dkrSm rEÅav;rSm rif;wkef;rif;BuD; vufxufuaemf/ pwkw¬ o*Fg,em oD[dkVfrSm wifwkef;u 'um? 'umrawG

ayxuftu©&mwif w,faygh/ yxr 'kwd, wwd, uawmh bmtu©&mrS? rusefbl;/ EIwfiHkyJ aqmifxm;wm/

b,favmufrsm; MunfndKp&maumif; vdkufvJ/ pmtkyf txlBuD;tkyf 40-ausmf&Sdwm/ tJ'gudk&[EÅmBuD;awG

bmvkyfxm;wmvJ (EIwfiHkaqmif xm;wm)/ tJ'D EIwfiHkaqmifxm;wmawG a[m-,aeUpmayrSm todtrSwf jyKvdkufNyD/

"r®u©Emaygif; b,favmuf? (&Spfaomif; av;axmifyg)/ tJ'D &Spfaomif;av;axmifoiftHavhusufykdUcsaewmonf?

wjcm;omoemvm;? y&d,w å domoemvm;? (y&d,w å d omoemygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD-'Dvdkjzpf&if "r®u©E ¨maygif;

&Spfaomif;av;axmif ,aeUa,m*DwdkY 'Dw&m;awG rem& bl;vm;? (em&ygw,fbk&m;)/ rylaZmf&bl;vm;?

(ylaZmf&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk ylaZmfae&wm[m oHCmawmf t&Sifjrwfrsm;\ aus;Zl;w&m;yg/ b,folUaus;Zl;vJ/

(oHCmawmf t&Sifjrwfrsm;\ aus;Zl;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'D"r®u©Emaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmifukd q&mawmf oHCmawmf t&SifjrwfawGom ,ckvdk wpfqifh

wpfqifh wpfqifh o,frvm&if bk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHNyD;uwnf;u uG,faysmufoGm;wm MumvSNyD/ tu,fvdkY rsm;

tJ'DvdkaysmufuG,foGm;wmMum&if 'DtqHk;trawG ,aeUwnfygOD;rvm;/ (rwnfygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh 'DtqHk;trawG

rwnfbl;qdk&if a[m - omoem aysmufoGm;NyD/ omoemaysmufoGm;NyDaemf/

'DMum;xJ bkef;BuD;wdkY tqifhqifh [dktif;0acwfwdkY bmwdkYrSmvnf;yJ zsufqD;cH&wmawG trsm;BuD;/ xm;

vdkufawmh/ 'g -- odyf&SnfoGm;r,faemf/ tJ'gudk oHCmawmf t&SifjrwfawG toufeJUvJNyD;awmh umuG,f

apmifha&Smufxm;vdkY ,aeU 'DtqHk;trawG rwnfbl;vm;/ (wnfygw,f bk&m;)/ tu,fvdkYom oHCmawmf

t&SifjrwfawG[m 'Domoem y&d,wfomoemudk xdef;rxm;cJhvdkYrsm; omoemaysmufoGm;&if bmom aysmufoGm;NyD/

omoemaysmuf&if bmomaysmufw,f/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;ovJ a,m*DwdkY/ tifrwef tonf;xdwfp&m

aumif;w,f/ omoemaysmuf&if (bmomaysmufr,f)/ bmomaysmuf&if vlrsdK;ygaysmufr,f/ bmomaysmuf&if

bmjzpfrvJ/ (vlrsdK;ygaysmufr,f)/ jrefrmEdkifiH wdkif;&if;om;qdkwm rl;vdkY&SLp&mr&Sd jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f/ tukef ujym;awG

jzpfukefawmhrSm/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

tJawmh omoemaysmuf&if bmomaysmufr,f/ bmomaysmuf&if vlrsdK;vnf;aysmufr,f/ tJ'Dawmh

aemufarG;wJh yk*¾dKvfawG tukefrdpäm'd|dawG jzpfukefrSm/ b,favmufaMumufp&maumif;ovJ/ aemufarG;wJh yk*¾dKvfawG

bmawGjzpf (r dp äm' d| dawGjzpfuke fr Smygbk&m;)/ 'd| dawGjzpf vlU jynfa&muf ao&if tyg,fusaemf/

odyfaMumufp&maumif;w,fa,m*DwdkY/ tckajymaewm bkef;BuD;ajcmufajymaewm[kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/

jzpfpOfudkuf/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rdefUawmfrloGm;wJhtwdkif; aqGawmf rsdK;awmfawGaemf/ oHCmawmfawGrSm wdyd#u

q&mawmfawG ay:aewmvnf; trsm;BuD;yJ/ ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ wdyd#uvdk ,ckvdk xifxifay:ay:

r[kwfaomfvnf; wdyd#uudk arTaESmufNyD;awmh pmoifpmcsawG vkyfaewJh oHCmawGvnf; jrefrmjynfrSm

odef;eJUcsDr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

35


tJ'Dawmh ,aeU'DomoemBuD; ,ckvdk aevdkvvdk jrefrmEdkifiHrSm awmufyaewm oHCmawmft&Sifjrwfrsm;&JU

aus;Zl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'gaMumifh y&d,wfomoem[m bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG toufyJAs/ &Sif;aum

&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Domoemudk ,aeUapmifha&Smufaewm b,fol awGvJ/ (oHCmawmfawGyg bk&m;)/

oHCmawmfawG/ tJ'DoHCmawmf awGxJrSmav 'um? 'umrawG&JU tdrfBudK tdrfMum;rSm oydwfav;ydkufNyD; qGrf;cHaewJh

udk&ifav;awGygw,faemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ ,aeU udk&ifav; awGjzpfNyD; aemufusawmh EdkifiHawmfrSm t"dywd

wu,fh wdyd#uaqmif q&mawmfBuD;awGjzpfvmwmyg/ ,aeU wdyd#uaqmifaewJU q&mawmfBuD; awGu

tJ'Dvkdudk&ifav;b0uae oydwfuav;ydkufNyD;awmh qGrf;cH&if;eJU 'DvdkBuD;vmwm/ OHKzG qdkNyD;jzpfvmwmr[kwfbl;/

&Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

'Dawmh,aeU &yfxJ&GmxJrSm oydwfuav;ydkufNyD; qGrf;cHaewJh omraPav;awG[m tckbkef;BuD;wdkY

a,m*Drsm;&JU tm;vHk;aus;Zl;&SifvdkY rSwfvdkufprf;yg? &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ olwdkUawG aqmifvmvdkY y&d,wf

vufraxmifEdkifwmonf wjcm;omoemvm;? y&d,wf omoemvm;/ (y&d,wfomoemygbk&m;)/ tJ'Domoemudk

b,folapmifh (oHCmawmfawG apmifhygw,fbk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf? &Sif;NyD/

omoemapmif homoemapmif homoemapmif homoemapmif homoemapmif h

'Dvkdjzifh wpfqifhwufr,f/ 'Domoemudk oHCmawmfawG apmifhwm awmh tukefvHk; vufrcHbl;vm;?

vufcHoGm;NyD/ uefUuGufp&mrsm; &Sdygao;vm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ r&Sdbl;/ tukefvHk; tjynfht0axmufcHoGm;NyD/

rSefwmudk;/ 'Dawmh tJ'DrSm ax&0g'taMumif; ckeajymcJhNyDaemf/ ax&0g' omoemrSm ckewEÅ& rEÅ& r[m,e

t,lawG 0ifvmNyD; aESmufvdkufw,f/ aESmufvnf; aESmufvdkufaum tJ'Dvdk omoemudk apmifhaewmu odMum;u

apmifhovdkvdk? ol&ówDuyJapmifhovkdvkd a[m vmNyD? ovdkvdkawG odyfaMumufp&maumif;w,f a,m*DwdkY/

ovdkvdk qdkwm oHo,aemf/ wdwdususudk rajymEdkifbJeJU [dkvdkvdk 'Dvdkvdk oHo, pum;awG0ifvmwm/ tif; -

- odMum;rif;uyJ apmifhovdkvdk rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh wcsdKUtdrfawmfawmfrsm;rsm; 'um?

'umrawG ax&0g'rppfwJh tdrfawGqdkvdkY&Sd&if yd#uwfapmifhqdkNyD; xm;Muw,f/ yd#uwfapmifhqdkNyD; xm;Muw,f/

yd#uwfapmifhav/ tif; [dkrSm jyu©'defwdkY bmwdkY "mwfyHkwdkYeJU yd#uwfapmifhqdkNyD; rxm;bl;vm;/ odkYjzifh tckyd#uwf

b,folapmifhvJ/ (oHCmawmfawGyg bk&m;)/ &Sif;oGm;NyD? tckawmh &Sif;oGm;NyD/

bkef; BuD;wd k Y tJ'Davmuf 'um? 'umrawGud k ÓmPfvrf;aMumif; av;ud k aus;Zl; jyK&wm

bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;qyf&usdK;eyfoGm;ygw,f/ EdkYrdkY&if a&maew,faemf/ odMum;rif;uyJ apmifhovdkvdk? jA[®muyJ

apmifhovdkvdk? ol&ówDu apmifhovdkvdk? [dkbdk;awmfu apmifhovdkvdk? [dkr,fawmfu apmifhovdkvdk ovdkvdkcsnf;yJ

ygaewm wdwdusus b,folrS rajymEdkifbl;/ tck 'um? 'umrawG&JU rsufjrifudk,fawGU vufawGU yd#uwfawGudk

b,folapmifhwmvJ/ (oHCmawmfawGygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh oHCmawmfawG[m tifrwef aus;Zl;BuD;w,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkY rdbozG,f aus;Zl;BuD;ygw,f?

'um? 'umrwdkY/ (rSefvSyg)/ olwdkY apmifhxm;vdkY 'Dw&m;awGudk em&wm/ 'Dw&m;awG tm;xkwf&wm/ tJ'g

aMumifhrdkY tm;vHk;aom aqGawmfrsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG MuHKwJhtcgrSm txl;wdkufwGef;csifwmu tJ'Dvdk yd#uwf

apmifhaewJh omraPav;awGu tp rdrdwdkY [kwfvm;/ i,fw,f qdkNyD;awmh txifrao;ygeJU? rxDrJhjrif rjyKygeJU?

jyKvdkYajymaewm r[kwfbl;aemf/ 'Dawmh wcsdKUu tJ'Dvdk rodwJhtcgusawmh omraPav; qdkNyD;awmh

ayghayghwefwefjzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh omoem&JUavmu oHCm&JUavmurSm 'um? 'umrawG

tBuD;rm;qHk; aMumufp&mvufeuf wpfck&Sdw,fAs/ tJ'guawmh bkef;BuD;awG avmu uxGufvmwJh toHyJ/

bmvJvdkYqdkawmh bkef;BuD;u ukd,fpm;vS,f vkyfNyD;awmhajymygOD;r,f/ 'DuaeU urÇmrSmacwfpm;aewJh tPkjrL

vufeuf[m [dkvluaMumuf? 'DvluaMumufeJU/ raMumufygbl; bkef;BuD;awGu eJeJrS raMumuf ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh

36


tPkjrLAHk;xuf aMumufp&m aumif;wJh vufeufu qDrSm&Sdw,fwJh a[m? vmNyD/

tJ'guawmh ckeajymwJh tdrfa&SUqGrf;cHoGm;&yfvdkY ]]uefawmhqGrf;}} qdkvdkYu tPkjrLAHk;xuf aMumufp&maumif;w,fwJh/

tJ'Dvufeufuawmh tBuD;rm;qHk;vufeufyJwJh/ 'gayr,fh bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DawGu 'Dvufeuf roHk;ygbl;aemf/

tif;-- oHk;vnf;roHk;Muygbl;/ oHk;vnf; roHk;MuygeJU/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'D vufeufoHk;vdkuf&ifawmh

rvG,fbl;aemf/ 'g--bkef;BuD;avmurSm ajymwJhtoH wpfoHayghaemf? &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'g[m wjcm;aMumifh

r[kwfbl;/ 'D y&d,wfomoemudk apmifha&SmufaewJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf 'um? 'umrawGbkef;BuD;wdkYu aus;Zl;jyKwmyg/

'Dawmh,aeU 'um? 'umrawGu omoemjyKw,fqdkawmh wynfhawmfwdkYu y&d,wfomoem b,fvdkvkyf

jyKrvJqdkawmh y&d,wf 0efaqmif &[ef; omraP oDv&Sifav; rsm;ukd qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq; ypönf;av;yg;

axmufyHH hvSL'gef; 'gy&d,w å domoemjyKwm/ 'Dvdk tJ'D q&mawmf? oHCmawmfawGvdk "r®u©E ¨maygif;

&Spfaomif;av;axmif oifEdkifygOD;rvm;/ (roifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/

tdk -- 'Davmufudpö 0dpöawGrsm;aewm udk,fawmfES,f 10-&uf pcef;yGJawmif renf;BudK;pm;vm&wm?

oifzdkYxnfhrajymeJUawmh/ a[m 'DvdkyJvmrSm/ 'DtoHxGufrSm aocsmw,f/ bkef;BuD;uBudKNyD;awmh udk,fpm;

ajymay;vdkufwm/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ b,fvG,fvdrfhrvJ/ aooGm;r,f/ 'Db0 r&awmhbl;/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if a[m

'Dae&m uGufvyfBuD;jzpfoGm;NyD/ 'DomoemrdrdrSmrudef;awmhbl;/ vljzpfyg&ufeJU 'Domoemrudef;bl; qdkvdkY&Sd&if

bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawGrSm 'DtcGifhta&;BuD;awG rqHk;½HI; bl;vm;/ (qHk;½HI;ygw,f)/ trav; -- epfemvdkufwm/

'Dvdkjzifh&if tck tcsdefrSm tdk;eJUtdrfeJU ykqdk;eJU xbDeJU qdkovdk? avmurSmaeNyD; 'Domoem b,fvkdenf;eJUrS

rjyKEdkifawmhbl;/ rjyKEdkif&if uGufvyfrjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/

tqDcyfpm;Muolrsm;tqDcyfpm;Muolrsm;tqDcyfpm;Muolrsm;tqDcyfpm;Muolrsm;tqDcyfpm;Muolrsm;

tJawmh tJ'DvdkuGufvyfrjzpf&atmif bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;uav

'um?'umrawGtay: tifrwefBuD;rm;wJh u½kPm"mwfeJU at;--'dkU 'um? 'umrawG 'DuGufvyfBuD; rjzpf&atmif

uGufvyfjznfhr,fqdkBuD; q&mawmfbk&m;onf y&d,wfomoem udef; oGm;atmif uGufvyfjznfhygw,f a,m*DwdkY/

b,favmuf0rf;omp&m aumif;vJaemf/

tJ'D uGufvyfjznfhwm wjcm;r[kwfbl;/ [dk omraPawG? [dk q&mawmfawGvdk yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk 'um?

'umrawG vdkufNyD;awmhroifEdkif aomfvnf;bJ? tJ'Duae tqDcyfNyD;awmh xkwfNyD;awmhoif&r,faygh/ bmxkwf&rSmvJ/

(yd#uwfoHk;yHk&JUtqDudkxkwf&r,f)/

tJ'Dawmh bmeJU Oyrmay;NyD; a[movJqdk&if tdrfwpftdrf frSm rdbESpfyg; &Sdw,fqkdwJh? 'g--

bkef;BuD;tjrJwrf;ajymygw,faemf/ tdrfwpftdrf rSm rdbESpfyg;&Sdw,f/ om;orD;ig;a,muf&Sd&Sd q,fa,muf&Sd&Sd

tJ'Drdb tazeJUtaru 'Dom;orD;ig;a,muf q,fa,mufudk xrif;[if; aeUwdkif; csufrauR;&bl;vm;/

(auR;&ygw,fbk&m;)/ ig;a,muf&Sdvnf; auR;Edkif wmyJ/ q,fa,muf&Sdvnf; auR;EdkifwmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh

trsm;pm;zdkYtwGuf rdbuae xrif;tdk;BuD;? [if;tdk;BuD;auR;awmh pm;wJh om;orD;awGu tukefvHk;pm;wmvm;/

udk,fhwpf0rf;wpfcg;twGuf pm;wmvm;/ (udk,fh wpf0rf;wpfcg;twGuf pm;wmygbk&m;)/ udk,fhwpf0rf;wpfcg;&&HkyJ/

wpfvkwf wpfqkyfav;pm;&if; pm;&if;eJU a[m -- 0oGm;NyD/ awmfygNyD/ wpfa,muf awmh 0oGm;ygNyD/ ESpfa,muf

0oGm;NyD/ oHk;a,mufawmh 0oGm;ygNyDqdkawmh wpf0rf; wpfcg;eJU wpfa,mufpDyJ pm;wmaygh/

tJ'Dawmh rdbuawmh tukefvHk; q,fa,muf&Sd&if q,fa,mufvHk; pm;zdkY tdk;BuD;rwnf&bl;vm;/

(wnf&ygw,fbk&m;)/ pm;wJh om;orD;u wpfZGef; wpfa,mufreJU udk,fhudk wpf0rf;wpfcg;0atmifyJ pm;wm

r[kwfbl;vm;/ 'g--OyrmaqmifNyD;awmha[mwm/ tJ'DuJhodkYyJ ,aeU jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdaewJh q&mawmfoHCmawmf

omraPav;u tp q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;[m yd#uwfoHk;yHktcsdKUrsm; ysHawmfrloGm;w,faemf/

37


tJ'Davmufxdoifwmu olwdkYtwGufwif[kwfuJhvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ tm;vHk; wpfurÇmvHk; twGufaemf/

jrefrmjynf wpfjynfwif r[kwfbl;/ b,ftwGufvJ/ (wpfurÇmvHk;twGufygbk&m;)/ wpfurÇmvHk; twGufudk

om;orD;trsm;BuD;arG;xm;wJh rdbvdk wpfcgwnf; oluoif&wm/ [if;tdk;BuD; xrif;tdk;BuD;wnfwmaygh/ tJ'Duae

bkef;BuD;eJUwuG tm;vHk;aom a,m*Drsm;u wpf0rf;wpfcg;av;0½Hk wpfZGef; wpfa,mufr pm;ovdk? y&d,wfawGudk

trsm;BuD;uae tqD xkwfvkdufwm wpfZGef; wpfa,muffr pm;w,fvdkY rSwfyg/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'DawmhrS aus;Zl;&Sif

rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u tJ'Dvdk wpfZGef;wpfa,muffr pm;EdkifzdkYtwGufudk yd#uwfoHk;yHkuae tqDxkwfcsvdkufawmh

7-rsdK; xkwfvdkufw,f/ b,fESpfrsdK;/ (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/

uJ--vdkufqdk-

cE ¨m

tm,we

"mwf

opöm

y#dpöorkyÜg'f

t½IcH

t½IÓmPf 7-rsdK;xkwfNyD/

b,fESpfrsdK; (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ y&d,wf omoemrSm tm;vHk;aom 'um? 'umrawG y&d,wfomoemBuD;

udef;oGm;zdkYtwGufudk tck b,fESpfrsdK;xkwfvdkufwmvJ/ (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 7-rsdK;udk tckpcef;yGJxJrSm

y#dpöorkyÜg'fxJrSm 'goifrSm/ b,fESpfrsdK;oif&rSmvJ/ (7-rsdK;oif&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 7-rsdK;uyd#uwfoHk;yHk

tqDxkwfvkdufwm/ ,aeUw&m;0if w&m;emaewJh a,m*DawGu tqDcyfpm;wmygAs/ uJ/ bmvkyfwmvJ/

(tqDcyfpm;wmyg bk&m;)/ olrsm; wnfNyD;om; xrif;tdk;? [if;tdk;? tay:,Hav; tqDcyfpm; olawG/ tif; --

yifrsm;yifyef;aeovm; rodbl;/ tif; -- rnnf; eJUaemf/ tqDcyfpm;wm/

tJ'Dawmh olrsm;wnfxm;wJh xrif;tdk; [if;tdk; tqDcyfpm;w,f qdkawmh wu,f tvkyfvkyfwJholawGvm;/

tacsmiform; awGvm;/ (tacsmiform;awGygbk&m;)/ ay:NyD -- ay:NyD/ tJ'gay:NyDaemf/ wu,fh tacsmiform;awG/

tJ'Davmuf tqDcyfpm;wmawmif nnf;ae&if ',ftdk;u ightwGufom atmif;arhawmh/ i&Jjynfu ',ftdk;[m

ightwGufvdkY qHk;jzwfcsufcs? &Sif;NyDaemf/ tck b,fESpfrsdK;oifr,f/ (7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ uJ-- qdkMunfhygOD;/

(cEm? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpöorkyÜg'f? t½IcH? t½IÓmPf)/ tJ'D 7-rsdK;udk a,m*DwdkY oifvdkuf&if

rdrd\ cke om;orD;wpfa,muf&JU udk,fhwpf0rf;wpfcg; 0wJhtaeeJU a[m -- bmomoemudef;oGm;wmvJ/

(y&d,wfomoemygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if ,aeUw&m;0if w&m;tm;xkwf w&m;emaewJh yk*¾dKvfawG omoemjyK

yk*¾dKvftppfjzpfukefNyD? &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ qdkif;bkwfwyfvdkY&w,f/ tdrfjyefa&muf&if qdkif;bkwfawG bmawG

csdwfvdkY&oGm;NyD/ bmvdkYvJ/ bm omoemjyKaewmvJ/ (y&d,wf omoemygbk&m;)/

qkdif;bkwfrwifonfhomoemjyKrsm;qk dif;bkwfrwifonfhomoemjyKrsm;qk dif;bkwfrwifonfhomoemjyKrsm;qk dif;bkwfrwifonfhomoemjyKrsm;qk dif;bkwfrwifonfhomoemjyKrsm;

tJ'DrSm a,m*DwdkY omoemjyKqdkwm tJ'DrSm q&mawmf OD;ÓmPdó& a[mwmtjrJwrf; ESvHk;oGif;rdw,f/

rMumcP oGm;owd&w,f/ q&mawmf u tJ'DomoemjyKtaMumif; a[mwJhtcgusawmh olwdkY ppfudkif;wdkY

rEÅav; wdkYqdkawmh acsmifawGu aumif;wmudk;/ omoemjyK [dkae&mvnf; qdkif;bkwf awGU? 'Dae&mvnf;

qdkif;bkwfawGUw,fwJh/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dae&mrSm t0wfjzL eJUvluvnf; qdkif;bkwfeJUyJ? t0wfndKeJUvluvnf;wJh qdkif;bkwfeJUwJh?

vnfyif;ykwD;&SdwJholuvnf; omoemjyK qdkif;bkwfeJUwJh omoemjyKaemf/ rkwfqdwfarG;eJUvluvnf; omoemjyKwJh/

38


EIwfcrf;arG;eJU vluvnf; omoemjyKwJh/ tdk; -- ½IyfyG aewmyJwJh/ wu,fjyKwJh yk*¾dKvfawG qdkif;bkwf &SmvdkYr&bl;wJh/

q&mawmf oHCmawmf t&SifjrwfawG qdkif;bkwf &SmvdkY awGU&JUvm;/ (rawGUygbl;bk&m;)/ wu,fjyKaewmaemf/

'Dpum;vHk;udk q&mawmf rdefUoGm;wm tifrwefudk trSm;eJUtrSef cGJjcm;odzdkYtwGuf q&mawmf rdefUoGm;wm/

tck a,m*DwdkYudk 'DOpömav;udk &Sif;vdkufwJhtcg usawmh omoemjyK qdkwJhpum;vHk;&JU tppfeJUaemf/

tjrpfeJUtESpf[m 'um? 'umrawG em;vnfoGm;NyD/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh tESpfeJU tumayghaemf/ tck

a,m*DwdkYjyKaewJh omoemu wjcm;vm;? tESpfvm; (tESpfygbk&m;)/ ckyJ -- ckepfrsdK;udk oif&if rdrdwdkY bmomomem

jyKwmvJ/ (y&d,wå d omoemygbk&m;)/ uJ -- b,favmufrsm; 0rf;om p&maumif;ovJ/ omoemqdkwm

bkef;uHr&Sd&if jyKvdkY&yghrvm;/ 'Dawmh omoemqdkonfrSm bkef;uH&Sdolrsm; twGufygvdkY q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;

qdk½dk;pum;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/

t0wftqifxuf pdwfta&;BuD;

uJ -- qdkMunfh omoemqdkonfrSm bkef;uH&Sdolrsm;twGufyg/ (omoemqdkonfrSm bkef;uH&Sdolrsm;twGufyg)/

tJ'Dawmh omoemqdkwm tqHk;traemf/ tck a,m*DwdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; tqHk;tru tck

b,fESpfrs d K;oif&rvJ/ (7-rs d K;ygbk&m;) tJ'D (7)rs d K;ud k oifvd kuf&if y&d,wfomoemudef;oGm;NyD/

y&d,wfomoemudef;w,fajymwm t0wfvnf; rajymif;ygbl;/ ta&;BuD;wm t0wfxuf ta&;BuD;wm pdwf

ta&;BuD;w,f/ wjcm;ajymif;wmvm;/ todajymif;wmvm;/ pdwf ta&;BuD;w,f/ wjcm;ajymif;wmvm;/

todajymif;wmvm;/ (todajymif; wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dtodajymif;oGm;wmonf wjcm;&vdkYvm;/ tqHk;trudk &vdkYvm;/

(tqHk;trudk&vdkUygbk&m;)/ omoemudef;vdkY/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'D y&d,wf omoemudk udef;vdkufNyDqkdawmh w&m;awG

odoif hwmawGrod bl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh cE ¨mtaMumif;ud k oifaewmonf bmomomoem udef;

(y&d,wfomoemudef;ygw,f bk&m;)/ odkYjzifh&if omoemu 'DrSm b,fESpf&yf (oHk;&yfygbk7m;)/ jyefajymyg/

(y&d,wå domoem? y#dywå d omoem? y#da0"omoem)/

'Dawmh -- [kwfNyD/ 'gav; NyD;oGm;atmif quf&Sif;r,f/ y#dywåd omoem qdkwmuawmh wu,fhvufawGU

tvkyfvkyf&rSm/

'Dvdkjzifh ,ck y&d,wåd omoemuawmh q&morm;u oifvdkY odNyDaygh/ y#dyw å domoemu odNyD;&if

jrifatmifMunfh&r,f/ odNyD; bmvkyf &rvJ/ (jrifatmifMunfh&ygr,f)/ ckeu y&d,wå domoemrSm b,fESpfrsdK;/

(7-rsdK;yg)/ 7-rsdK;udk ajymMunfhyg/ (cEm? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpö orkyÜg'f? t½IcH? t½IÓmPf)/ tJ'D 7-

rsdK;udk bkef;BuD;wdkYu pmvdk oifr,faemf/ pmvdkoifvdkufawmh odoGm;a&m/ Oyrm- cEmqdkMuygpdkU/ cEmqdkwm[m

taygif;tpkaygh/ ½kyfawGtaygif;tpk? emrfawGtaygif;tpk? tJ'gudk ckoifvdkufawmh atmf cE ¨mqdkwm

½kyfawGtaygif;tpk? emrfawGtaygif; tpk? cE¨m ig;yg;&Sdw,fqdkwm tMurf;zsif;odw,faygh/ rodbl;vm;/ cEm

b,fESpfyg;&Sd/ (cEmig;yg;&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

aumif; Ny D ? cE ¨mig;yg;& S dw,fqd kwm bke f ; BuD;wd k YupmeJ Uoifvd kuf Ny D qd kawmh a,m*Dwd k Yu

bmomoemudef;oGm;wmvJ/ (y&d,w ådomoemyg)/ [kwfNyD-cEmig;yg;&Sdw,f? cEmig;yg; &Sdw,f? odoGm;NyDaygh/

tJ'D - cEm ig;yg;u b,frSm &SdovJ/ &Sm&awmhr,f/ pmtkyfxJrSm&SdwJh cEmig;yg;? q&morm;a[mwJh cEmig;yg;?

pmoifwJh cEmig;yg;u y&d,wf cEmig;yg;/ bmcEmig;yg; (y&d,wf cEmig;yg;)/ bmomoemac:vJ/ (y&d,wå d

omoem)/

EkdU - y&d,wådomoemeJU 'um? 'umrawG jynhfpkHvkdU r&bl;/ y&d,wå d omoemu ukokdvfyJ &Sdao;w,f/

umrm0p& ukokdvfyJ &Sdao;w,f/ uH ukokdvfyJ &Sdao;w,faemf/ bmukodkvfvJ/ (uHukokdvfyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm a,m*DwdkU aeUwkdif;axmufaewm ur®b0ypö,m (Zmwdyg bk&m;)/

39


uHukokdvfavmufeJU auseyfae&if reufu ajymcJhw,f/ vGwfyghrvm;/ (rvGwfygbl; bk&m;)/ b,foleJUvJ/

(Zmwdyg bk&m;)/ uHukokdvf avmufeJU auseyfae&if aojcif;qkd;aoOD;r,f ajymwm/ 'g-reufuvnf; &Sif;cJhNyDayghaemf?

[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh - tJ'DuH ukokdvfukd ÓmPfukokdvf&atmif y&d,wfukd wjcm;vkyf&rSmvm;? y#dywfjzpfatmif

vkyf&rSmvm;/ (y#dywf jzpfatmif vkyf&rSmygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/

udk,fhudkudk,ftm;udk;

'Dvkdjzifh&if cEmtaMumif;ukd oifwmu y&d,w å d/ cEmtaMumif;ukd oifwmu (y&d,w åd)/ tJ'D cEmukd

'um? 'umrawGu wpfavmuvkH;rSm &Sm&rSmvm;? ukd,fhukd,frSm&Sm&rSmvm;? (udk,fhukd,frSm &Sm&rSmyg bk&m;)/

[kwfNyD - 'g? cEy#dpöorkyÜg'faemf/ pmtkyfxJrSm oifwJhcEmu y&d,wf? ukd,fhqDrSm&Sdae wJhcEmukdjrifatmifMunhfwmu

y#dywf/ 'Dvkdjzifh vufpowf awmh y#dywfqkd wm olrsm;tm;ukd;vkdUr&bl;av? ukd,hfukd,fukd tm;ukd;rS/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

'Dae&mrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mwJh a'oemwpfcku 0ifvmNyD/

]]twåm [d twåaem emaxm}}- vlwkdif;yg;pyfzsm; EIwfwufaewm/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ 'DygVdawmfu

bmwJhvJ/ ]]twåm [d twåaem emaxm}} 'Dvkdjzifh&if olrsm;tm;ukd;&rSmvm;/ ukd,fhukd,fukd tm;ukd;&rSmvm;/

(udk,fhukd,fukd tm;ukd;&rSmygbk&m;)/ y#dywådomoemBuD; udef;zkdUu b,folUtm;ukd;&rvJ/ (ukd,hfukd,fudk tm;ukd;&rSmyg)/

odMum;? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmawG tm;ukd;&rSmvm;/ ukd,fhukd,fukd tm;ukd;&rSmvm;/ (udk,fhukd,fhukd tm;ukd; &rSmyg

bk&m;)/ b,fodMum;rSvnf; rulnDEkdifbl;/ b,fewfrSvnf; rul nDEkdifbl;/ udkf,hfudk,fudkyJ 'um? 'umrawG

tm;ukd;&r,f/ ukd,h fuk d,fuk d tm;ukd;rS bmomoemudef; (y&d,w å d omoemudef;ygw,f bk&m;)/

omoemjyKyk*¾dKvftppf omoemudef;zkdUu ukd,fhukd,fukd tm;ukd;&r,f/ tJawmh - ukd,fhukd,fukdqkdawmh

aemufykdif;rS &Sif;r,f/ xm;/ udk,fhukd,fudk tm;ukd;w,fqkd&if udk,fwkdifudk,fus tm;xkwfrSaygh/ 'Dvkdjzifh cEm

taMumif;ukd oifwmu y&d,wå domoem/ aumif;NyD - tJ'DcEmu b,frSm &SdwmvJ/ ukd,fhrSm&Sdw,f/ cEmonf

b,frSm&Sd/ (ukd,hfrSm&Sdygw,f)/ tJ - 'Dawmh ukd,fhrSm&SdwJh cEmukdtMurf;zsif;av; MunhfMu&atmif/

'Dvkdjzifh&if a,m*DwkdU aeUvnfykdif;u w&m;rxkdifbl;vm;/ reuf ykdif;uvnf; xkdifw,f/ aeUvnfykdif;uvnf;

xkdifw,faygh/ xkdifw,f qkdawmh pD;yGm;a&;awG BuD;yGm;a&;awG tdrfaxmifa&;awG bmawG nmawG BuHzkdU ajymwmvm;?

udk,fhcEmxJ ukd,fBuHzkdU ajymwmvm;/ (ukd,fhcEmxJ udk,fBuHzkdU ajymwmyg bk&m;)/ bmudkMunhfyg? bmukd½IIygvkdU

rajymbl;vm;/

tJ - ukd,fhcEmxJqkdawmh tMurf;zsif;Munfhvkdufawmh 0ifavod? xGufavod rSwfwJhtcgawmh pdwfxJ

orm"dwnfNyDaygh./ wnfvnf; wnfNyD;awmh em&D0ufavmufvnf; Mumawmh cE¨mu azmufjyefvma&m/ bm

jzpfwmvJ/ (azmufjyefvmygw,f bk&m;)/ anmif;wmawG? usifwmawG ukdufwmawG trav; rcHekdifwmawG

jzpfvm 'l;uwpfrsdK;? aygifuwpfrsdK;? ajcaxmufuwpfrsdK;/ [m - 'DMum;xJ cg;uwpfrsdK;? [m - txJuwpf

rsdK;? tjyifuwpfrsdK;? trav; ½IyfyGaewm/ tdrfrSmaewkef;u tJ'gawG rawGUygbl;/ [m - b,fES,fh&dyfoma&mufrS

'gawGvmawGUaevJ/ a[m cufNyD/ ig a&SUquftm;xkwfvkdUrS jzpfyghrvm; - jzpfvma&m/ azmufjyef vmwm?

azmufjyefvmwm? &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

[kdu emwm? usifwm? ukdufwm? cJwmawG jzpfaewmu ½kyfu azmufjyefaewm/ ig-a&SUquf

tm;xkwfvkdUjzpfrS jzpfyghrvm;? 'g- pdwfu azmufjyefaewm/ emrfu azmufjyefvmwm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'D

azmufjyefwJh'Pfukd onf; rcHEkdifwJhtcg ajy;a&m - 'Da,m*D? a[m - tckawmh wpfa,mufrSvnf; rajy;ao;bl;aemf?

tif;-0rf;omygw,f/ rajy;vnf; rajy;MuygeJUaemf/ tJ'Dawmh qkdvkdwmu tJ'Dvkd wu,fvufawGU

w&m;tm;xkwfvmawmh anmif;wmaum rawGUbl;vm;/ (awGUygw,f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh anmif;aewmonf a,mufsm;

rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0gvm;/ ½kyfcEm vm;/ (½kyfcEmyg)/ [kwfNyD/ 'um? 'umrawG tJ'D anmif;wm[m ½kyfcEmvkdU

40


bkef;BuD;rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,f)/ bmomoem udef;oGm;wmvJ/ (y&d,w å d omomemyg bk&m;)/ okdYaomf

wu,fanmif;wmu bkef;BuD;ajym vkdU jrifwmvm;? ukd,fwkdifukd,fus jrifwmvm;/ (ukd,fwkdifukd,fus jrifwmyg

bk&m;)/ rsufpdrSdwfNyD;awmh 'DuÓmPfeJUMunhfvkdufwJhtcg trav; anmif;vkdufwm? anmif;aewmonf

wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ ylwmawGaumr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ at;wmawGaum

r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ vIyfwm &GwmawGaum r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd jzpfaewmonf

wjcm;w&m;awGvm;/ ½kyfw&m;awGvm;/ (½kyfw&m;awGygbk&m;)/ ½kyfw&m;awG azmufjyefaewm/ ½kyfukd jrifaeNyD

a,m*DwkdU/ bmukd jrifaewmvJ/ (½kyfukdjrifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd ½kyfukdjrifwJhtcgusawmh trav;

emvkdufwm usifvkdufwm? ig a&SUqufxkdifzkdUawmifcufw,f/ ig jyefajy;&aumif;rvm;/ a[m - tJ'gb,folu

azmufjyefaevJ/ emrfu azmufjyefaewm/ azmufjyefrSef; rodbl;/ enf;enf;wGefUcsifvmNyD/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdUu

o'gw&m;av; wifNyD; 'um? 'umrawG cPawmh 'gawG onf;cH? awmfawmfMumawmh aysmufoGm;vdrfhr,f/

olonf tedpöw&m; jzpfw,f/ edpöw&m;vm;? tedpöw&m;vm;/ (tedpöw&m;yg bk&m;)/

avmavmq,fawmh wjznf;jznf; ½I&if;½I&if;eJU tJ'DrcsdrqHhcH ae&wmawG ½I&if;½I&if;eJU wjznf;jznf;

csrf;omwmqdkwm ay:vmygvdrhffr,f/ rwkdufwGef;&bl;vm;/ (wkdufwGef; &ygw,f bk&m;)/ wkdufwGef;&w,f/ tckvnf;

wkdufwGef;aewmayghaemf/ tJ'Dvkd jrifaewmonf wjcm;vm;/ cEmukd jrifwmvm;/ (cEmukd jrifwmyg bk&m;)/

b,folUcEmvJ/ (rdrdcEm)/ rdrdcEmudktajymeJUjrifwmvm;? wu,fjrifaewmvm;/ (wu,f jrifaewmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if aumif;uifuae odMum;rif;BuD;u em;uif;BuD;eJU qif;vmNyD; a,m*D - cifAsm; cEmawG jrifaew,fqkdwm

r[kwfbl;/ tJ'Dvkd ajymr,fqkd&if a,m*DwkdU vufcHrvm;/ (vufrcHygbl; bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh bmaMumifhvJ qkd&if ukd,fwkdif'DrSmjrifaeNyD a,m*D/ okdYjzifh anmif;aewmonf wjcm;vm;?

cEmvm; (cEmygbk&m;)/ usifaewmonf wjcm;vm;? cEm vm;/ (cEmyg bk&m;)/ ylaewmonf bmvJ/ (cEmyg)/

ay:aeNyDaemf/ tJ'D awmh aemufqkH;awmh bmjzpfjzpf 'Dae&mrSm a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf ow å0g vmNyD;awmh

jzpfp&mr&Sdbl;/ cEmawGcsnf;yJ jzpfaewm/ tck bkef;BuD;u a,m*DwkdU tJ'gcEmawGjzpfwmajymawmh rodbl;vm;Asm/

(odygw,f bk&m;)/ odoGm;wmonf wjcm;vm;? y&d,wfvm;/ (y&d,wfyg bk&m;)/ tJ'DodwJhtodukd rsufpdrSdwfNyD;awmh

ukd,fwkdifukd,fus a[m'DrSm acR;eJU aoG;eJU &if;NyD;awmh MunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh wu,frjrifbl;vm;/

(jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd wu,fjrifatmifMunfhwmonf wjcm;vm;? y#dywfvm;/ (y#dywfygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh y&d,wfqkdwm oifwmaemf/ y#dywfu usifhwm/ 'Dvkd usifhNyD;jrifatmifMunfhaewm

b,folUrsufvkH;iSm;MunhfwmvJ/ (udk,hfrsufvkH;yg bk&m;)/ ukd,fhrsufvkH;qkd awmh tararG;wJh rsufvkH;vm;?

ÓmPfrsufvkH;vm;/ (ÓmPfrsufvkH;yg bk &m;)/ [kwfNyD - a,m*DwkdU 'DaeU 'Dw&m;oifvkdufwm rsufvkH;ESpfvkH;&

oGm;w,f/ uHrsufvkH;&,f (ÓmPfrsufvkH;&,fygbk&m;)/ tck bkef;BuD; 'DrSm cGufuav;awG csjywmukd rjrifbl;vm;/

(jrifygw,f bk&m;)/ jrifaewmu uHrsufvkH;? uHrsufpd/ rsufpdrSdwfNyD;awmh cEmxJrSm anmif;wmawG usifwmawG

ukdufwmawG cJwmawG azmufjyefaewmawG rcHEkdifwmawG jrifaewmonf cE¨mawGay:wm ½kyfcE¨mawG

emrfcEmawGaygh/ tJ'Dvkd ay:aewJhcEmawGukd a,m*DwkdU rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ jrifNyD/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

'Dyk*¾dKvfonf cEmawGukd jrifwm/olwpfyg;qDu tiSm;eJUjriffwmvm;? ukd,fwkdifukd,fus jrifwmvm;/ (udk,fwkdifukd,fus

jrifwmygbk&m;)/ ukd,fwkdifukd,fus jrifwJhtwGuf a,m*DwkdU&JU ESvkH;tdrf oEÅmefrSm y#dywfomoem udef;aeNyD/

bmomoemudef;/ (y#dywf omoemudef;ygw,fbk&m;)/

omoemudef;vQif vljzpfusdK;eyfomoemudef;vQif vljzpfusdK;eyfomoemudef;vQif vljzpfusdK;eyfomoemudef;vQif vljzpfusdK;eyfomoemudef;vQif vljzpfusdK;eyf

y#dywfomoemudef;zkdUuawmh iSm;vkdU r&bl;/ olrsm;tultnD awmif;vkdU r&bl;/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fukd,fwkdif

'um? 'umrawG acR;eJUaoG;eJU r&if;&bl;vm;/ (&if;&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh rdbuvnf; om;orD;

41


ukdtultnDay;vkdUr&bl;/ om;orD;uvnf; rdbukd tultnD ay;vkdU r&bl;/ udk,fhukd,fukdtm;ukd;rS

y#dyw å domoemudef;wm/ y&d,w å d omoemudef;zkdUuawmh q&morm; tultnD ay;vkdU&w,f/ y#dyw å d

omoemudef;zkdUuawmh b,fodMum; b,fewf b,fbkd;awmf r,fawmfu rSvnf; tultnDay;vdkUr&bl;/ tJ'Dawmh

tultnDay;Ekdifwmu ukd,fhukd,fukdyJ tul tnDay;Ekdifygw,f a,m*DwkdU/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dvkdjzifh&if

y#dywåd omoemBuD;udef;zkdUtwGufukd ukd,fhukd,fukd 'um? 'umrawG Munfh&r,f/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

tJ'Dvkd Munfhvkdufawmh wjcm;awGUrSmvm;? ½kyfemrfawG awGUrSm vm;/ (½kyfemrfawGawGUrSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

aumif;NyD ½kyf? emrfawG? ½kyf? emrfukdyJ Munhf/ bmrS pOf;pm;raeeJU/ tJ'Dvkd MunhfvkdufwJhtcgusawmh emwm?

usifwm? ukdufwm? cJwmonf a,mufsm;? rdef;r? yk*¾dKvf? ow å0gawGUwmvm;? ½kyf? emrfawGUwmvm;/ (½kyf?

emrfawGUwmygbk&m;)/ 'g - tMurf;zsif;om rSwfxm;vkdufaemf/ aMomf - [kwfNyD ½kyf? emrfawG azmufjyefaewm?

emwmawGu ½kyf? emrf awG/ usifwmawGu ½kyf? emrfawG/ pdwfawGaumif;wm? raumif;wm emrfawG -

ponfjzifh bmyJajymajym awGUwmawGukdom Munfhae&if 'g- ½kyf?emrfawG cEmawGyJaygh/

tJ'DcE¨mawG[m Munfhae&if; Munfhae&if;eJU oufomwmawGUwm vm;? roufomwmawGUwmvm;/

(roufomwmawGUwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if aumif;wmawGUwmvm;? raumif;wmawGUwmvm;/ (raumif; wm

awGUwmyg)/ csrf;omwmawGUwmvm;/ qif;&JwmawGUwmvm;/ (qif;&JwmawGUwmyg)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'um? 'umrawG

w&m; tm;xkwfwm yxrOD;qkH; pNyD;awGUwm csrf;omjcif;eJU awGUwmvm;/ qif;&Jjcif;eJU awGUwm vm;/ (qif;&JJjcif;eJU

awGUwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if qif;&Jjcif;ukd udk,fwkdif ukd,fusawGUaewmonf bmomoemudef;aewmvJ/

(y#dywådomoem udef;aewmygbk&m;)/ tck - a,m*DwkdU vufawGU udef;aewmaemf/ tJ'D awmh 'Domoemqkdwmu

vlwkdif;udef;vkdU &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh ckeajymcJhwm omoemqkdonfrSm bkef;uHr&SdvkdUvm;/ bkef;uH

&SdvkdUvm;/ (bkef;uH&SdvkdUyg)/ bkef;uH&SdvkdU y#dyw å domoem udef;aewm/ t J' D awm h a,m* Dw k d U

onf;cHNyD;awmh BudK;pm;NyD;awmh ½I? tifrwef bkef;uHyg&rD&SdvkdU y#dyw å domoemudef;aewmaemf/ onf;cHNyD;½Ivkduf

wJhtcgusawmh okcawGUaewmvm;? 'ku© awGUaewmvm;/ ('ku©awGU aewmyg bk&m;)/ 'ku©ukd wu,fjrif&ifawmh

tJ'D'ku©udk cifrif wG,fwmOD; rvm;/ (rwG,fwmygbl;)/ vkdcsifao;ovm;/ (rvkdcsifygbl;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh 'D'ku©udk

cifrifwG,fwmrI r&Sdawmhbl;qkduwnf;u olu [kdrSm odyfNyD;awmh qEr&Sdbl;aygh/ rcifrif rwG,fwmawmhbl;qkdawmh

wPSmrukef bl;vm;/ (ukefygw,f)/ wPSmy,fwmayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh rcifrifawmhbl;vkdU? rcifrifwm

wjcm;jrifvkdUvm;? 'ku©jrifvkdUvm; ('ku©jrifvkdUyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh olUukd rcspfawmhbl;/ rkef;vmNyD/ tJ'Dvkd rkef;vmNyDqkd awmh 'ku©ukd olvkdcsifao;wmvm;?

rvkdcsifawmhwmvm;/ (rvkdcsifawmhyg bl;)/ rvkdcsif&if oleJUywfoufNyD; rpOf;pm;awmhbl;av/ tJ'Dvkd 'ku©ukd

vspfvsL½IwJht"dyÜm,f ra&mufbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvkd vspfvsL½Iwm[m ukd,fu vspfvsL½Iwmvm;? ÓmPfu

vspfvsL½Iwmvm;/ (ÓmPfu vspfvsL½Iwmyg bk&m;)/ okdYjzifh cE¨mrSm wjcm;&Sdaewmvm;? 'ku©&Sdaewmvm;/

('ku©&Sdae wmyg bk&m;)/ 'D'ku©ukd awGUae&if wjcm;eJU awGUwmvm;? cEmeJU awGU aewmvm;/ (cEmeJU awGUaewmyg)/

tJ'D'ku©qkdwJh cEmBuD;udk Munhf&if; Munfh&if;eJU trav; rvkdcsifawmhygbl;/ tJ'D'ku©ukd rkef;wmawG? NiD;aiGU

wmawG? rMunhfcsifwmawG ray:vmbl;vm;/ (ay:vmygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd ay:vmwmonf wjcm;vm;? ÓmPfvm;/

(ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ÓmPfeJU ½I&if; ½I&if;eJU aemufqkH;awmh 'ku©u tedpöoabmw&m;qkdawmh olu csKyfoGm;a&m?

bmjzpfoGm;vJ/ (csKyfoGm;wmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'DcsKyffoGm; wmukd 'ku©r&Sdwmukd 'DrSm wef;NyD;jrifoGm;awmhwmyJ/ 'ku©r&Sdwmukd

'DrSmwef;jrif vkdufwm wjcm;vm;? eda&m"vm;/ (eda&m"yg bk&m;)/ y#da0" omoem udef;oGm;NyD/

bmomoemudef;oGm;wmvJ/ (y#da0"omoemyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh 'ku©w&m;awGukd awGUaewmu bmomoem/ (y#dywåd omoem)/ 'ku©awG csKyfNidrf; ½kyfodrf;oGm;wmukd

jrifwmu (y#da0" omoem)/ 'Dvkdjzifh a,m*DwkdU omoem b,fESpf&yf udef;&rvJ/ (okH;&yf udef;&ygr,f)/

42


omoemqkdonfrSm bkef;uH&Sdolrsm;twGuf rajymbl;vm;/ uJ-,aeU cE¨m? tm,we? Zmwd? opöm

y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;awGukd oif wmu bmomoemudef;/ (y&d,wådomoemudef;wmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd ukd,fwdfkifudk,fus

cEmt&if;wnfNyD;awmh avsmif; xkdif &yf oGm; £&d,mykwf av;yg;wkdUrSm 'DcEmukd rjrif? jrifatmif tm;xkwfwmu

bmomoemudef;/ (y#dywå domoemudef;wmyg)/ y#dywå domoemudef;w,fqkdwm wjcm; jrifwmvm;? 'ku©awGukd

jrifwmvm;/ ('ku©awGukd jrifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D awmhrS wu,fhppfrSefwJh cE'ku©awG qkdwm tcsdefjynhf 'DrSm

ESdyfpufaewm aemf/ tJ'Dvkd ESdyfpufaewmukdjrifa&m cEmukd 'um? 'umrawG cifao;vm;/ (rcifawmhygbl;bk&m;)/

rcifawmh cEmeJUywfoufvkdU rvkdcsifawmhbl;/ tJ'Dvkd rvkdcsifawmhrS cEmukd&GHwmawG rkef;wmawG NiD;aiGUwmawGeJU

cE¨m r&SdwJh 'g - cE¨m&JUtqkH;ukd vSrf;NyD;awmh ÓmPfeJUvnf; jrifvnf; jrifvkdufa&m wjcm;ay:wmvm;?

edAÁmefay:wmvm;/ (edAÁmefay:wmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh edAÁmefqkdwm wjcm;omoemvm;? y#da0"omoemvm;/

(y#da0" omoemyg)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if a,m*DwkdU tckomoem b,fESpf&yf udef;oGm;NyD/ (okH;&yfygbk&m;)/

tJ'D omoemokH;&yf udef;zkdUtwGufu eHygwf (1) tajccHta&;BuD; wmonf bmomoem/ (y&d,wådomoem)/

y&d,wå domoemu wjcm; wm0efvm;/ q&mhwm0efvm;/ (q&mhwm0efyg)/ q&mu y&d,w å domoem udef;zkdU

oifay;&if y#dyw å domomemudef;zkdU udk,fwkdifukd,fus tm;xkwf &w,f/ udk,fwkdifukd,fus tm;xkwf&if

ukd,fwkdifukd,fus edAÁmefukd rsuf arSmufrjyKEkdifbl;vm;/ (jyKEkdifygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh omoem b,fESpf&yf/ (okH;&yfyg)/

at; omoemokH;&yf udef;&if rdrdwkdUonf vljzpfusdK;eyfNyDvkdU 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfyg/ qufawmh a[mcsifw,f/

awmfOD;rSaemf/ uJ - vuftkyfcsD qkawmif;arwåmykdUNyD; w&m;yGJodrf;vkdufMu&atmif/

( om"k - om"k - om"k )/( om"k - om"k - om"k )/

( om"k - om"k - om"k )/( om"k - om"k - om"k )/

( om"k - om"k - om"k )/

d

1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynf hausmf 5-&uf (28.8.2002) eHeuf1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynf hausmf 5-&uf (28.8.2002) eHeuf


1364-ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynf hausmf 5-&uf (28.8.2002) eHeuf





þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeUb,fES&uf ajrmufygvJ/ (3-&uf ajrmufygbk&m;)/

,aeU w&m;yGJ pcef;yGJ 3-&uf ajrmuf\eHeuf y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;w&m;yGJBuD;ygyJ/ bmoifwef;/ (y#dpö orkyÜg'f

oifwef;ygbk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;qkdawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd em;vnf&if ukd,fhtaMumif;ukd,f odwmayghaemf

[kwfvm;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd em;vnf&if 'um? 'umrawG 'd|d jyKwfr,faemf/ (rSefvSyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ,aeU

'Dw&m;pcef;yGJBuD;ukd <ua&mufNyD; w&m;0if w&m;tm;xkwf w&m;emMuwm t"duuawmh 'd|djyKwfzkdUygyJ/

bmjyKwfzkdUvJ/ ('d|djyKwfzkdUyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 'd|dqkdwm[m raeUuvnf; ajymcJhNyD/ i&JrsdK;aphaemf/

cE¨mt&S deJUÓPftodcE¨mt&S deJUÓPftodcE¨mt&S deJUÓPftodcE¨mt&S deJUÓPftodcE¨mt&S deJUÓPftod

tm;vkH;aom ow å0gawG&JU &ifxJrSm 'd|d&SdaeorQumvywfvkH; b,fawmhrS edAÁmefr&ygbl;/ 'd|d&SdaeorQ

umvywfvkH; edAÁmef&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ avmurSm b,fvkdtjypfBuD;awGukdrqkd &J&Jwif;wif;BuD;ukdvkyf &Jwm

'd|dyJwJh/ yÍömeEå&d,uHBuD;ukdusL;vGef&Jwm b,folygvdrfh/ ('d|dyg bk&m;)/ bk&m;udkaoG;pdrf;wnfatmif jyK&Jwmvnf;

'd|dyJ/ tzudk owf&J wmvnf;bJ 'd|dyJ/ oHCmoif;cGJ&Jwmvnf; 'd|dyJ/

43


'd|domr&Sd&if 'gawGukd rusL;vGefEk difygbl;/ 'd|d&S daewJhtwGuf avmurSm tukokdvfrSeforQudk

&J&Jwif;wif;BuD;jyK&JaewJhow ådonf b,folUaMumifh ('d|daMumifhygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG

rdrdwdkUrSm 'D'd|d&Sdae&ifjzifh awmfawmfav;aMumufp&maumif;ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh a'0'wfonf bk&m;ukd

aoG;pdrf;wnfatmif jyK&Jwm b,folU aMumifhvJ/ ('d|daMumifhygbk&m;)/ tZmwowfonf tzudkowf&Jwm b,folU

aMumifhvJ/ ('d|daMumifhygbk&m;)/ oHCmoif;cGJ &Jwmvnf; b,folUaMumifhvJ/ ('d|daMumifhygbk&m;)/ odyfaMumufp&m

aumif;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'd|dqkdwm[m &ifxJrSm i&JrsdK;aphayghaemf? [kwfvm;/

tJ'Dawmh-tJ'D'd|d onf wjcm;rSmuyfwmvm;? rdrdrSm uyfwmvm;/ (rdrdrSmuyfwmygbk&m;)/

omoemrudef;wJhyk*¾dKvfrsm;twGufrSm 'd|dawG uyfaeygw,f/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;ovJqkd&if 'd|dqkdwm[m

ÓmPftm;jzifh Munfh&if a*gMwblÓmPftxdawmif olUe,fy,fwJh/ 'g bkef;BuD;wkdU A[kokw,lxm;&rSmyg/

ÓmPfeJUMunhfvQif b,fÓmPfxdatmifvJ (a*gMwblÓmPff txdygbk&m;)/

a*gMwblÓmPffwJh/ 'guawmh A[kokwtaeeJUrSwfxm; a,m*DwkdU/a*gMwblÓmPffqkdwm umrtEG,f-

ykxkZOftEG,fukdjzwfwm a*gMwblwJh/ 'gu a'oempOft& q&mawmfbk&m;rdefYoGm;wmukd bkef;BuD;u xyfajym

aewm/ 'Dawmh bkHtm;jzifh b0*fqkdawmh jA[®mjynfayghAsm/ tJ'Dxdatmif jA[®mjynfwkdifatmifvnf;yJ 'd|du

olUe,fy,f/ ,ck a,m*DwkdUu? 0dyóem ÓmPftm;xkwf aew,fqkdawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU ÓmPfpOfeJU ajymr,fqkd&if?

O',AÁ,? b*F? b,? tm'De0? edAÁd'g? rkÍödwk? y#docFg? ocFg½kayu©m [kdbuf a*gMwblxdatmif wufoGm;vkdU&Sd&if

tJ'DÓmPfxdatmif 'd|du olUe,fy,f wJh/ b,favmuf tiftm;BuD;vJ qkdwm 'um? 'umrawG? &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh teD;uyfqkH; ajym&&if 0dyóemtm;xkwfaewm awmifrS ig 0dyóemtm;xkwfaew,fqkd&if

0dyóemÓmPfukd b,foltkyf oGm;wm vJ/ ('d|dtkyfoGm;wmygbk&m;)? uJ tm;rxkwfwJholukd xnfhrajymeJU/

0dyóemukd wu,hfukd BudK;BudK;pm;pm;eJU acR;'D;'D;uscH NyD;awmh tm;xkwfaewJholawmifrSyJ 'd|du olUe,fuae

rvGwfbl;/ tif;-ig 0dyóem tm;xkwfaew,f/ ig qkdwm b,folvJ/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ odyfaMumufp&m aumif;ygw,f

a,m*DwkdU/

tJ'Dawmh - ,aeU 'D y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;awGukd avhvmw,f? oifMum;w,f? tm;xkwfw,f qkdwmu

bmjyKwfzkdUvJ/ ('d|djyKwfzkdUyg bk&m;)/ 'd|dqkdwm wjcm;vm;? igvm;/ (igyg bk&m;)/ 'g wjznf;jznf;

b ke f ; Bu D ;quf& Si f ;o G m ;r, fay g h aem f / t J' Dv k d ' d| d j y Kw fz k d Utw Gu fu k d bmuk d em ;vnf&rv J /

(y#dpöorkyÜg'fem;vnf&rSmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh - aMomf rdrdwkdUrSm 'd|dawG b,favmufxdrsm;wG,faevJ qkdwm wjznf;jznf; y#dpöorkyÜg'f

oifwef;ukdaxmufvmwJhtcgusawmh ay:vmvdrfhr,f/ ae&m wum igcsnf;yJ 'um? 'umrawG aemf/ tMurf;zsif;

ajym&&if igqkdwm wjcm;vm;? ouúm,'d|dvm;/ (ouúm,'d|dygbk&m;)/ wu,fawmh ig[m r&Sdygbl;? ig r&Sdygbll;/

igr&Sdwmukd rdrdwkdUu t&SdvkyfNyD; ae&mwum igtkyfcsKyfvm wJhtcgusawmh pm;awmhvnf;yJ igpm;w,f jzpfwmyJ/

0wfawmhvnf;yJ ig0wfw,f jzpfwmyJ/ oGm;awmhvnf;yJ igoGm;w,f jzpfwmyJ/ tdyfawmh vnf;yJ (igtdyfw,f)/

tkd - ae&mwum rSm ig - ig - ig - ig eJU wpfigwnf;igjzpfaeawmhw,f/ ]]ig}}qdkwJh tokH;uta&;rBuD;bl;/

oleJUtokdif;t0ef;awGu 'um? 'umrawG odyfaMumufp&m aumif;ygw,f/ 'd|d &ifxJrSmudef;NyDqkd&if a[m -

wPSmqkdwmvnf; rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,f bk&m;)/ rme qkdwm rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh wPSm? rme? 'd|dqkdwm yyÍöw&m;yg/ 'Dawmh pum;vkH; av;wpfvkH; wkd;vmjyefNyD/ yyÍöw&m;wJh/

bmw&m;vJ (yyÍöw&m;yg bk&m;)/ ygVdvdku yyOö? jrefrmvdku tus,fcsJUwJh w&m;? avmb? 'd|d? rme 'DoHk;yg;udk

yyOöw&m;vdkYac:ygw,f/ b,fvkd tus,fcsJU ovJqdkawmh vlUavmuBuD;rSmtukefvHk;jynfhpHkol&,fvdkY r&Sdygbl;/

wJav; &Sdawmh opfom;tdrf? tJ'Duae wdkuftdrf? wdkuftdrfudkvnf; i,f&mrS BuD;csif? 'ufua&;&Sif;awG trsdK;rsdK;qif?

44


avmb&Sdoavmuf trsdK;rsdK; wnfaqmuf? 'gawGcsJUaewmaygh/ avmuBuD;udkcsJUaewm? oHo&mudk csJUaewm/

avmbudk wpfcsdKU ynm&SifBuD;awGu vdkvdkaewJhw&m;vdkU bmomjyefMuw,f/ b,fawmhrS jynfhw,fvdkY r&Sdbl;wJh/

avmbBuD;&if BuD;oavmuf e,fcsJUw,f/

'd|duvnf; t&d,mrjzpfao;orQ umv ywfvHk; e,fcsJUwmyJ? bk&m;a[mwJh yd#uwfawmfrSm

'd|dt,ltqaygif; (62-ck)&Sdw,f/ vltrsdK;rsdK;? bmomtrsdK;rsdK;? t,l0g'trsdK;rsdK; &Sdawmh 'd|dawGuvnf; b,fawmhrS

qHk;EdkifawmhrSm r[kwfbl;/ ynm&SdwpfOD;ay:&if wpfckay:vdkufeJU t,l0g'awG[m vdkufvdkYrqHk;awmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh

'd|duvnf; tus,fcsJU wwfwJh w&m;xJrSmygwmyJ/

aemufwpfrsdK;u rme? rmeqkdwmu ]]igvkyf&if jzpf&rSmaygh? olrsm; awmif jzpfao;wm}} avmb&Sd

oavmuf rmeuvnf; avmbaemufvkduf ae&w,f/ 'Dawmh 'd|deJUrme qkdwm avmb&JU vuf0J&H vuf,m&HawGyJ/

avmbu olUtvkdjynhf atmif 'd|dukdwpfrsdK;ckdif;? rmeukdwpfrsdK;cdkif;xm;w,f/ 'g-yyÍö tus,fcsJU wwfwJh w&m;

3-ck ayghaemf/

okdYjzifh t&Sifbk&m;? yyÍöw&m;u bmjzpfrvJ/ yyÍöw&m;udef;&if 'um? 'umrawGvkyfcsifoavmuf

'geawGjyK edAÁmefra&muf? wnfaqmuf csifoavmuf oDvawGaqmufwnf edAÁmefr&/ okdUaomf yyÍöw&m;aMumifh

wjcm;oGm;rSmvm; tyg,foGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,foGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ bmaMumifhvJqkd awmh rme[m

b,frmerS 'um? 'umrawG raumif;ygbl; - aemf/ okdYaomf wpfckyJ&Sdw,f/ aumif;aom rme[m

q&mawmfbk&m;rdefUoGm;cJhvkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU emvkduf&wmayghaemf/ w&m;tm;xkwfwJhae&mrSmom aumif;wJhrmeav;

&Sdwm/

'guawmh pum;pyfoGm;vkdUayghaemf/ olrsm;u w&m;tm;xkwf aew,f a,m*DwkdU/ ukd,f tm;rxkwfEkdifbl;qkd&if

tifrwef &Sufp&m raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ aumif;aomrmeaemf/ aumif;aom NydKifqkdifjcif;aemf/

[m - olawmif tm;xkwfEkdifao;wm/ igbmvkdU tm; rxkwfEkdif&rSmvJ/ 'Dawmh rme qkdwm wu,fawmh

raumif;wm trSefyJ/ rmeqkdwm aumif;yghrvm;/ (raumif;ygbl;bk&m;)/

raumif;aomfvnf; 'Dae&mrSm 'um? 'umrawG 'Drmeukd xm;aumif;w,f rSwf/ olrsm;awG

wpfem&Dw&m;tm;xkwfEkdif&if ig bmvkdU tm;rxkwfEkdif&rSmvJ vkdU rme rxm;&bl;vm;/ aMomf - olrsm;awG

pBuøavQmufEk difwm? ig bmvkdU ravQmufEk dif&rSmvJ/ a[m - tck a,m*DwkdU wpfem&D? pBuøcsdef

b,favmufay;xm;vJ/ (wpfem&Dyg bk&m;)? reuf 8-em&Duae 9-em &Du pBuøcsdef wpfem&Daemf/ avQmufaum

avQmufMu&JUvm;/ (avQmufygw,f bk&m;)/ ravQmufvkdU r&bl;/ pBuøcsdef wpfem&D ay;xm;wm/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh

pBuøeJU w&m;awGUrJhyk*¾dKvfu pBuøravQmuf&if tJ'D yk*¾dKvftwGufu uGufvyfjzpfoGm;ygvdrhfr,f/

tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwkdU&JUw&m;u b,fykHb,fenf; awGUr,fqkdwm odyghrvm;? (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ rodbl;/

tu,fvkdUrsm; rdrdonf a[m'DpBuøukd ½IrSwfae&if;eJU w&m;awGUvkdU? pBuøukdckduyfNyD;awmh ysif;ae&if w&m;rawGU

awmhbl;/ xdkif&if;eJU w&m;awGU&ifawGUr,faemf/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdU £&d,mykwfav;yg;wGif avsmif;? xkdif? &yf? oGm;

£&d,mykwfav;yg;wkdif;ukd 'um? 'umrawG ½IrSwf&rSmaemf/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh ckepum;jyefquf/ olrsm; pBuøavQmufEkdifwm ig bmvkdU ravQmufEkdif&rSmvJ/ BudK;pm; avQmufr,f/

rmeav;aygh/ okdUaomf rme qkdwmuawmh raumif;bl;aemf/ raumif;awmh 'gukd OyrmeJUajymrS &Sif;r,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh

t&Sifbk&m; olrsm;w&m;tm;xkwfwJhtcg ig bmvkdU tm;rxkwf Ekdif&rSmvJqkdwJhrmeukd bmjzpfvkdU tm;ay;ae&wmvJ/

q&mawmf&JU Mo0g'twkdif;aemf/ 'gukd xyf&Sif;rS jzpfr,f a,m*DwkdU/

Oyrm-olrsm;w&m; tm;xkwfw,f? ig bmvkdUtm;rxkwf Ekdif&rSmvJ qkdawmh 'g-rmeaygh/ tJ'DrmeaMumihf

w&m;tm;xkwfjzpfoGm; NyD/ 'Dyk*¾dKvf bmaMumifh tm;xkwfwmvJ/ (rmeaMumifhyg)/ olrsm;awG w&m;emw,f/

igbmvkdUremEkdif&rSmvJ/ olrsm;awG w&m;xkdifw,f/ ig bmvkdU rxdkifEkdif&rSvJ qkdawmh bmaMumifhvJ/ rme?

45


,SOfNydKifjcif;? aumif;aom ,SOfNydKifjcif;/ tJ'Daumif;aom ,SOfNydKifjcif;aMumifh 'Dyk*¾dKvf w&m;tm;xkwf jzpfoGm;wm/

tu,fíom 'Drmer&S d&if 'Dyk* ¾ d Kvfw&m;tm;xkwfjzpfyg hrvm;/ (rxkwfjzpf ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvk d jzif h

w&m;tm;xkwfw,fqkdwm pD;yGm;a&;awG BuHae wmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ om;a&; orD;a&;awGBuHaewmvm;/

(r[kwfygbl;)/ cEmt&SdeJU ÓmPfftodukd udkfufatmifvkyfwJhtvkyfukd w&m; tm;xkwfw,fvkdU ac:ygw,f/

'Dvkdjzifh&if a,m*DwkdU cEmtaMumif;uawmh roif&ao;bl;/ 'gayrJh jzwfajymvkdufOD;r,faemf/ cEmt&Sdqkdwm?

Oyrm - 0ifavod? xGufavod rSwfw,f/ rSwfNyD;awmh cEmxJukd rdrdwdkUuay:wmukd ÓmPffpkduf vkdufawmh

cEmxJrSm ay:wm[m anmif;wmawG? usifwmawG? ukdufcJwm awG 'ku©a0'emawG rawGU&bl;vm;/ (awGU&ygw,f)/

'guawmh tMurf;zsif; b,fvkdenf;eJU jzpfjzpf 'gawGukdawGU&r,faygh/

tJ'DvkdawGUaewJh emwmawG? usifwmawG? ukdufwmawG? anmif;wm awG? bmawG[m tukefvkH;ukd

rsufpdrSdwfNyD; Munfhvkduf&if ÓmPfxJrSm rjrif&bl;vm;/ (jrif&ygw,fbk&m;)/ rxifr&Sm; jrif&wmvm;/ xifxif

&Sm;&Sm;BuD; jrif&wmvm;/ (xifxif&Sm;&Sm; BuD; jrif&wmygbk&m;)/ 'ga,m*DwkdU vufawGUvkyfaewmaemf/ tJ'Dvkd

xifxif&Sm;&Sm;BuD;jrifaewmonf vufeJU ukdifjyvkdU r&wmav;wpfck yJ &Sdw,f/ xif&Sm;wmrS acR;'D;'D;usatmif

xif&Sm;aew,faemf/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ'D acR;'D;'D;usatmif xif&Sm;aewJh ckeu anmif;wm? usifwm? ukdufwm a0'emawGrSm a,mufsm;?

rdef;r? yk*¾dKvf? ow å0g yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ okdUjzifh a,mufsm;? rdef;r? yk*¾dKvf? ow å0grygbl;vkdU ajymEkdifwm

wjcm;ukdawGUaevkdUvm;/ cEmukd awGUaevdkUvm;/ (cEmukd awGUaevkdUygbk&m;)/ a0'emawGawGUaevkdU? cEmukdawGUaevdkU?

'ku©ukd awGUaevdkU/ tJ'DvkdawGUaewJhtawGU uJ - tJ'DvkdawGUaewJhtawGUay:rSm 'um? 'umrawG ½I&rSmaemf/

'Dvkdjzifh apmapmwkef;u 'Dvkd½IjzpfoGm;wm b,folUaMumifhvJ/ rmeaMumifh/ okdUjzifh tJ'DrmeawG 'Dae&mrSm

vmao;vm;/ aooGm;NyD/ rmeaMumifhjzpfvmwJhw&m;u tJ'Dr*¾ifonf rmeukd jyefowfypfvkdufwm yJ/ &Sif;aum

&Sif;&JUvm;/ t"dyÜg,f &Sif;oGm;NyDaemf/

tJ'gaMumifh tJ'DrmersdK;uawmh xm;aumif;w,f/ wjcm; 'd|deJU wPSmeJU,SOfwJh rmersdK;uawmh

tyg,fusr,fvkdUom qkH;jzwfcsufcs/ &Sif;w,faemf/

'Dxuf &Sif;atmif Oyrmwpfckay;r,f/ &THUAGufukd 'um? 'umrawG eif;vkduf&if ajcaxmufrSm &THUraybl;vm;/

(ayygw,fbk&m;)/ aywJh&THU ukd a&eJUaq;vkdufvkdU&Sd&if 'um? 'umrawG rpifbl;vm;/ (pifygw,f bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh &THUqkdwmu rmeeJUwlw,f/ a&qkdwmu r*¾ifeJUwlw,f/ ayaom&THUukdraq;bJxm;&if 'um? 'umrawG

ajcaxmufnpfywfr,f/ npfywfoGm;NyD - aemf/ rnpfywfatmif bmvkyf&rvJ/ a&aq;r,f/ 'Dawmh

'D&THU[mreif;vkdUrjzpfbl;/ eif;ukdeif; &r,f/ 'Dvrf;avQmufvkdU&Sd&if 'D[m a&SmifvkdU&yghrvm;/ a&SmifvkdUr&&if

eif;r,f/ eif;&ifawmh ayukefNyD/ ayukef&if 'Dtwkdif;Munfh&rSmvm;/ aq;cs&rSmvm;/ (aq;cs&rSmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh 'Dwkdif;eif;vkdufwm a&SmifvkdUr&bJ eif;vkdufwmu rmeeJUwlw,f/ tJ'Dawmh rmeaMumifhw&m;xkdif

vkdufwmonf wjcm;eJU ½Iwmvm;/ r*¾ifeJU½Iwmvm;/ (r*¾ifeJUygbk&m;)/ tJ'D½IwJh r*¾ifonf jzpfay:orQaom

t&mrSeforQ t½IcHrSeforQukd tukef½Icsvkdufawmh a&eJU aq;wmeJUrwl bl;vm;/ (wlygw,f)/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdU cke

ajymwJh wPSm? rme? 'd|dqkdwm cke rmetaMumif;av; qufajymvkdufwmaemf/ tJ'Drme rsdK;uawmh

a,m*DwdkUxm;aumif;w,f/ xm;yg/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh rmeaMumifhjzpfwJh r*¾ifonf rmeukdjyefNyD;awmh owfOD;rSm/

'g - tvkyfcGif aemf/ tJ'D wPSm? rme? 'd|dawG&Sd&if wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,foGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,foGm;&rSmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dvkd wPSm? rme? 'd|dawG&Sdwmvnf;yJ wjcm;em;rvnfvkdU vm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnfvdkUvm;/

(y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnfvkdUyg bk&m;)/ &Sif;oGm;NyDaygh/ tJ'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fukdrod&if vlrjzpfao;bl;aemf/

vljzpfusdK;reyfao;ygbl;/ 'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fukdodatmif uJ - tm;vkH;yJ wpfywfawmh ylaZmfMuOD;pkdUaemf/

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'DaeUawmh tay:ykdif;av;ukd &Sif;r,fvkdU pdwful;ygw,f? [kwfvm;/ tcsdefawmh enf;enf;vk&r,f/ uJ -

atmufykdif;ukd rqkdeJU? 'Dtay:ykdif; ukdqkd/

t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:? tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:? tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?

t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:? tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:? tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?

t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:? tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?

qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifh emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzef? jzpfjyef enf;tavsmf/ jA[®m odMum;?qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifh emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzef? jzpfjyef enf;tavsmf/ jA[®m odMum;?

qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifh emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzef? jzpfjyef enf;tavsmf/ jA[®m odMum;?qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifh emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzef? jzpfjyef enf;tavsmf/ jA[®m odMum;?

qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifh emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzef? jzpfjyef enf;tavsmf/ jA[®m odMum;?

ponfrsm;u xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? owponfrsm;u xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? ow

ponfrsm;u xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? owponfrsm;u xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? ow

ponfrsm;u xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? ow åå åå å0gwdk Y? jzpfvm&rI?0gwdk Y? jzpfvm&rI?

0gwdk Y? jzpfvm&rI?0gwdk Y? jzpfvm&rI?

0gwdk Y? jzpfvm&rI?

r[kwf[k? ÓmPfjzifh½Ií arQmf/r[kwf[k? ÓmPfjzifh½Ií arQmf/

r[kwf[k? ÓmPfjzifh½Ií arQmf/r[kwf[k? ÓmPfjzifh½Ií arQmf/

r[kwf[k? ÓmPfjzifh½Ií arQmf/

'g-- 'd|djzKwfcef;aemf? a,m*DwdkY/ uJ--tJ'Dawmh atmuftydk'f tomxm;vdkufawmh? tcsdefr&bl;aemf/

tay:ydk'fav;udk &Sif;ygr,f/ 'g-- y#dpöorkyÜg'fpuf0dkif;oifwef;udk oifwJhtcgrSm 'Dpmydk'fawG wpfckcsif; em;vnfoGm;rS

udk,fhudk,fudk oabmaygufygvdrfhr,f [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh tcsdefav;&wkef;? aemufydkif; 'gjyefudkifEdkifcsifrS udkifEdkifrSm/

t0dZÆmESifhwPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:/

'Dwpfydk'f udk&Sif;ygr,f/ tm;vHk;'DrSm a,m*DwdkYpuf0dkif;Munfhprf;yg/ 'g bmtuGufvJ/ eHygwf (1)tuGufaemf/

eHygwf(1)tuGufrSm&SdaewJhw&m;awG 'DeJU'DtMum;ayghaemf/ eHygwf (1)tuGufudkMunfhr,fqdk&if wpfqifhcsif; Munfhr,faemf/

opömeJUMunfh&if 'DrSmbmopömawGU/ (ork',opömawGUygw,f bk&m;)/ 'DawmhtvTmeJUMunhfawmh bmtvTmawGU/

(twdwftaMumif;wpfvTm awGUygw,f bk&m;)/ umveJUMunfhawmh bmumvawGU/ (vGefavNyD;aom

twdwfumvygbk&m;)/ t*Fg wpfq,fhESpfyg;eJUMunfhawmh bmeJUbmeJUawGU/ (t0dZÆmeJU ocFg&ygbk&m;)/ jcif;&m

ESpfq,feJUMunfhawmh (t0dZÆm? ocFg&? wPSm? Oy'gef? b0 ygbk&m;)/ 'DrSm 0#feJUMunfhawmh bm0#feJUbm0#fawGU/

(udavo0#feJU ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ tJ'D tckajymaewJhw&m;awGu bmtuGuf xJrSmvJ/ (eHygwf 1-tuGufxJrSmygbk&m;)/

[kwfNyD/

t0dZÆmeJU wPSm t&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uH aMumifh ½kyfemrfay:qdkwm 1-tuGufudk a,m*DwdkY &Sif;r,faemf/

'Dpmykd'f tay:pmydk'ftwGuf? 'DrSmMunfh t0dZÆm? ocFg&? wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0/ 'DrSm w&m;b,fESpfck (5-

ckygbk&m;)/ w&m; 5-ckwGif [dkrSm t0dZÆmESif h wPSmt&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay: qdkwJh

'DvuFmaqmifyk'fav;udkMunfh&if a[m 'DrSm b,fol&S d/ (t0dZÆmeJU ocFg&ygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmqdkwmu

trdjrefrmpum;r[kwfbl;/ ygVdpum; awGaemf/ tJawmh tJ'Dvdk ygVdpum;udk jrefrmvdkjyefvdkufawmh t0dZÆm qdkwmu

opömudk rodwJhw&m;/ bmudkrodwJhw&m;vJ/ (opömudk rodwJh w&m;ygbk&m;)/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

us,foavmufzGifhroGm; bl;aemf/ wjznf;jznf; wjznf;jznf;csif;? 'um 'umrawG&JU em;eJUweff oavmuf

uav; 'Dvdkenf;enf; enf;enf;eJU jznf;jznf;csif; zGifhoGm;wm/ 'gaMumifh q&mawmf t0dZÆmudk zGifhw,fqdkwJhae&mrSm

y&d,wfudk udkifNyD;awmh wpfckcsif; wpfckcsif; jznf;jznf;csif;zGifhoGm;wmaemf/

t0dZÆmqdkwm wjcm;rodwmvm;? opömav;yg; rodwmvm;/ (opömav;yg; rodwmygbk&m;)/

yxrtqifhtaeeJU t0dZÆmqdkwm rodwJh w&m;vdkYzGifhoGm;w,f/ t0dZÆmqdkwm odwJhw&m;vm;? rodwJhw&m;vm;/

(rodwJhw&m;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if bmudkrodwmvJvdk Y wpfqifhwufvdkuf awmh opömav;yg;rodwm/

bmudkrodwmygvdrfh/ (opömav;yg;udk rodwm ygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh opömav;yg;udk rodwmb,folvJ/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/

t0dZÆmqdkwm bmudkrodwm/ (opömav;yg;udk rodwmygbk&m;)/ pmvdkoif wmu y&d,wf? cEmxJudkMunfhvdkYjrifwmu

y#dywf/ odkYjzifh bkef;BuD; wdkY tm;vHk;aom w&m;tm;xkwfaewJh a,m*DawGrSm omoemESpf&yfuawmh rudef;vdkYr&bl;/

y&d,wf omoem? y#dywf omoem--[kwfvm;/ odkYjzifh oifaewJh t0dZÆmonf wjcm;vm;? opömav;yg;

rodwmvm;/ (opömav;yg; rodwmygbk&m;)/ a[m-- a,m*DwdkY'DaeUreuf y&d,wfomoemudef;oGm;NyD/ EdkYrdkYvdkY&Sd&if

a[m t0dZÆm 0dZÆm ponfjzifhvmrSmaygh/

47


t0dZÆm[lonft0dZÆm[lonft0dZÆm[lonft0dZÆm[lonft0dZÆm[lonf

'Dawmh t0dZÆmqdkawmh t-jzKwfvdkufawmh bmjzpfvJ/ (0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ 0dZÆm? xkd;xGif;NyD;odwJhynm[m

0dZÆmygyJ/'Dawmh t-ygawmh t0dZÆm/ t0dZÆmu opömav;yg;udk rodwm/ t--qdkwm rçudk;/ opömav;yg; udk

rodwm/ 0dZÆmu opömav;yg;udkodwm/ 'Dvdkjzifh opömav;yg;udk odwmonf 0dZÆmÓmPf? opömav;yg;udk rodwmu

t0dZÆm/ opömav;yg;udkrodwJh t0dZÆmqdkwmu t-ukodkvf/

bkef;BuD;wdkY tbd"r®mrSmusawmh awmf awmfrsm;rsm; Ak'bmom olawmfpifawGu t0dZÆm 0dZÆmus

odyfr&if;ESD;bl;/ bm&if;ESD;vJqdkawmh arm[usawmh tjrJwrf;yg;pyfu ajymqdkaeawmh ydkNyD;awmh &if;ESD;w,f/

bmvdkYvJqdkawmh olu y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemrSm t0dZÆm 0dZÆmeJU a[mwmudk;/ o d k Y a o m f

tbd"r®meJUusawmh t0dZÆmqdkwm wjcm;vm;/ arm[ w&m;vm;/ (arm[w&m;ygbk&m;)/ arm[ trkdufarSmif?

tarm[u tvif;a&mif/ arm[ukd t0dZÆmvkdYac:w,fqkd&if tarm[ynm ukdawmh 0dZÆmvkdUac:wmaygh/

arm[0i fvm&i f cE ¨mu k d, fx Jr S m ar Smi fo Gm ;w,f/ tarm[u ynm tvif ;a&mi fq k dawm h

b,fae&mrSmvif;ovJqkdawmh 'DcEmukd,fwGif;rSm vif;oGm;wm/

tJ'Dawmh Ak'bmomawG &if;ESD;wJht0dZÆm 0dZÆmqdkwmuawmh 0dZÆm vdkYajymvdkufwmeJU jrefrmEdkifiH&SdwJh

Ak'bmom0if bmoGm;oGm;NyD; &if;ESD; wmvJqdkawmh [m 0dZÆmqdk&if acgif;aygif;eJU awmifa0S;eJU a[m? 'g wef;jrifw,f/

'g t&if;ESD;qHk;aemf/ 0dZÆmqdkwmeJUwpfNydKifwnf; acgif;aygif;awG? awmifa0S;awG? ykwD;awG tjzLawG teDawG

'gawG½IyfyGukefa&m/ tJ'guawmh Ak'bmom0ifawG &if;ESD;wm/ odkYaomf tckajymaewJh txJrSm tJ'gawG yg&JUvm;/

(rygygbl;bk&m;)/ wpfckrS rygygbl; 'um? 'umrawG/ tjzLvnf;rygbl;? teDvnf; rygbl;/ awmifa0S;vnf;rygbl;/

acgif;aygif; vnf;rygbl;/ 'Dvdkjzifh wjcm;ajymaewmvm;? ynmudkajymaewmvm;/ (ynmudkajymaewmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if t0dZÆmqdkwm wjcm;rodwmvm;/ opömav;yg; rodwmvm;/ (opömav;yg;rodwmygbk&m;)/ opöm

av;yg;udkod&ifbmjzpf/ (0dZÆmjzpfygw,fbk&m;)/ opömav;yg;udk rod&if (t0dZÆmjzpfygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D t0dZÆmqdkwJh

w&m;u? ukodkvfw&m;vm;/ tukodkvfw&m;vm;/ (tukodkvfw&m;ygbk&m;)/

odkUjzifh opömav;yg;u 'DrSm pmxJrSm a&;xm;wmu ESpfyg;a&;xm; wm/ bmeJU bmeJUvJ/ (ork',opöm?

'ku©opöm)/ 'gu oHo&mudkwpfouf vHk; wpfoHo&mvHk; vnfvmwJh opömESpfyg;)/ oHo&mxJu xGufr,hf

opömESpfyg; u r*¾opöm? eda&m"opöm/ b,fESpfyg; (ESpfyg;ygbk&m;)/ uJ-vnfwJh ESpfyg;ajymyg/ (ork',opöm?

'ku©opöm)/ tJ'D opömav;yg;udk rodwm (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmwJh/ tck bkef;BuD; eHygwf 1-tuGufufdkawmh

b,fumvaxmufajymaewmvJ/ (vGefavNyD;aomtwdwfumvygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh vGefavNyD;aom

twdwf umvudk 'Dpuf0dkif;a'oemawmfu y&d,wfaemf/ pmoifaewm/ tJ'Dvdk y&d,wftaeeJU pmoifaewmu

'um? 'umrawG olrsm;taMumif; oifwmvm;/ udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fajymwmvm;/ (udk,fhtaMumif;

udk,fajymwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkYtaMumif; 'um? 'umrawGuvnf; ukd,fhtaMumif;udk,fajym aewm/

'Dvkdjzifh umveJUaxmufMunfhawmh b,fumvudk axmufMunfhvJ/(vGefavNyD;aomtwdwfumvygbk&m;)/ olrsm;

vkyfcJhwmvm;? udk,fvkyfcJhwmvm;/ (udk,fvkyfcJhwmygbk&m;)/ atmf-- vufpowfawmh rddrdwdkYonf twdwfumv

b,foleJUaecJhvJ/ (t0dZÆm eJUaecJhwmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmeJU aecJhwmvdkY ajymEdkifwmu wjcm;aMumifhvm;/ opömrodvdkYvm;/

(opömrodvdkYygbk&m;)/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh opömav;yg;rodwmu (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ opömav;yg; udk rodwJhtcgusawmh tJ'DrodwJh tay:rSm

vdkcsifwmu (wPSmygbk&m;)/ opömav;yg;udk rodwmu (t0dZÆm)/ vdkcsifwmu (wPSm)/ uJ -- 'Dawmh

aumif;NyD/ tJ'gu bkef;BuD;u y&d,wftaeeJUa[mwmaygh/'Dawmh -- w&m;emwJh tm;vHk;aoma,m*Drsm;u

udk,fhb0eJUudk,f jyef[yfMuygpdkU/ opömav;yg;udk rodwm b,fol(t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ opöm av;yg;rSm bmopöm/

(ork',opöm? 'ku©opömygbk&m;)/ xGufwJhopömu (r*¾opöm? eda&m"opömygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh &Sifom&dykw å&mukd

48


a[moGm;wJh ]]a, "r®m a[wkyÜb0g? awoH a[wHk wxm*awm/ tm[H awoOö eda&ma"m? {0H0g'D

r[moraPm}}qdkwJh 'DygVdav; bkef;BuD; [dkwpfaeUu &GwfjyoGm; w,faemf/ awblruocFg& [lí 'ku©opöm

w&m;wdkYonf taMumif;w&m; t&if;cH&Sdw,fqkdawmh ork',aMumihf jzpfvmwm/ ork',opömomvQif

trGeftpjzpfygw,f/'ku©opömudkaxmuf a[mwm/ bmudk t&ifpa[mwmvJ/ ('ku©opömudka[mwmygbk&m;)/

'ku©opömudk a[mwmayghaemf/

b0rarheJUb0rarheJUb0rarheJUb0rarheJUb0rarheJU

tJ'Dawmh tJ'D'ku©opömudkrodwmu (t0dZÆm)/ aumif;NyD/ udk,fhb0 eJUudk,f[yfMuygpdkU/ tckewkef;uajymcJhwJhJh

tMuif Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P tp&Sdaom 'ku©opömw&m;wkdYukd a,m*D wkdU rod&if bmjzpfrbJ/ (t0dZÆmyg

bk&m;)/ [kwfNyDaemf/ tck Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P qkdwJh 'ku©opömw&m; awG[m ,ckavmavmq,f &aewm/

b,fb0rSm &wmvJ/ (,ckb0rSmyg bk&m;)/ a[m - tck bkef;BuD;wkdUtm;vkH; a,m*DawGrSm bmeJUaeovJqkd&if

Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P/ 'D'ku©opöm b,fESpfyg;eJU ae&ovJ/ (av;yg;eJU ae&ygw,f)/ 'Db0rSm

'D'ku©opömav;yg;eJUaewm/ 'ku© opöm av;yg;xJrSm aewJhtcgrSm obm0 'ku©opömav;yg;uawmh trd0rf;xJrSm

ukd;v-q,fv y#doaEae cJhwJhtwGuf Zmwduawmh NyD;cJhNyD/ Zmwdu ESpfrsdK;&Sdw,faemf/ tJ'D trd0rf;xJrSm

y#doaEaecJhwm Zmwdu rNyD;cJhbl;vm;/ NyD;cJhNyD/

tckajymwJhtxJrSm Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&PeJU aeygw,fvkdU ajymw,faemf/ Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&PeJU

aeygw,fvkdUom ajymwJh ZmwduNyD;cJhNyDav/ arhawmifukefNyD 'um? 'umrwkdU/ udk,fhZmwdukd owdrS&ao;&JUvm;/

arhoGm;NyD/ udk,fhb0ukd,f arhoGm;NyD - aemf/ ukd;v? q,fv trd0rf;xJrSm aecJhwJhudpö renf;ÓmPfeJUrSef;NyD;awmhMunhfrS

ukd,hfukd,fudkjrifrSm/ olrsm;om jrifcsifjrifr,f/ ukd,fhukd,fukd jrifzkdU vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;)/ tif; - y#doaEaewJh

rdcifwpfa,muf ukdMunhfvkduf&if txJrSmae&wJh oaEom;eJUae&wm b,fvkdygvdrfhvkdU olrsm;jrifwm/ ukd,fhukd,fukd

jrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh olrsm;jrifzkdUxuf ukd,hfukd,fukd jrifzkdU ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ tJ'D Zmwduawmh

NyD;cJhNyD xm;vkduf/

tck b,fZmwdeJUaeqJ qkdawmh cPduZmwdeJUae&wm/ cPdu ZmwdeJUae&w,fqkdawmh tck bkef;BuD;u

Ak'HvkdUqkdawmh a,m*DwdkU rMum; bl;vm;/ (Mum;ygw,f bk&m;)/ Mum;w,fqkdwmu reufu tJ'DMum; wm&Sd&JUvm;/

(r&Sdygbl;)/ r&Sdbl;/ ,ck bkef;BuD;ajymvkdufawmhrS em;xJuae 'kdif;ceJMum;awmhrS Ak'HqkdwJh toHay:vmwm/ tJ'g

Zmwdaygh/ tJ'gbm ZmwdvJ/ cPduZmwdvkdU rSwfvkduf/ bmZmwd (cPduZmwdygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh [kdZmwduawmh

NyD;cJhNyD/ tck bmZmwdeJUaevJ (cPduZmwdeJU aewmygbk&m;)/ cPduZmwdeJUaewm/ tJ'D cPduZmwdeJUaew,f

qkdwm tJ'D cPduZmwdonf bmopömvJ/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ [kdu trd0rf;xJrSm ukd;v q,fv aewJhZmwduaum

bmopömvJ/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

[m - tJ'g 'ku©opömr[kwfygbl; bk&m;vkdU 'um? 'umrawG jiif;aumjiif;csifao;vm;/ (rjiif;ygbl;)/

rjiif;eJU/ vufawGUjyefaeMunfhvkduf/ trd0rf;xJukd/ vufawGUqkdwm pdwful;eJU ajymwmaemf/ wu,fvnf;oGm;

aeraeeJUOD;/ trav; - axmifuswm xuf qkd;oGm;vdrfhr,f/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ ukd;v q,fv ae&wJh 'ku©

oufomyghrvm;/ (roufomygbl; bk&m;)/ wpfem&D ESpfem&Dav; w&m;xkdifwmawmif [kdajymif;'Da&TUeJUAsm/ uJ

- [kdrSm ukd;vq,fvjyefNyD;aecsifao;&JUvm;/ ukd,fawmf ajymukd rajymcsifawmhbl;/ aezkdUrajymeJU jzpfvmNyD/

tJ'g Zmwdukd 'um? 'umrawGu 'ku©vkdUrjrifbl;/ bmvkdU jrifwmvJ/ (okc)/ b,fvkd jrifwmvJ/ (okcvdkUjrifwmyg)/

tJ'Dawmh Zmwdukd'ku©vkdUrjrifwmu b,folUowå dvJ/ (t0dZÆmowådyg)/ 'Dvkdjzifh t0dZÆmu olrsm;jzpfaewmvm;/

ukd,fjzpfaewm vm;/ (ukd,fjzpfaewmyg bk&m;)/

bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*DwkdU [kdtwdwfwkef;u t0dZÆmaMumifh a[m'D ZmwdqkdwJh 'ku©ukdrjrifbl;/ jrif&JUvm;/

49


(rjrifygbl; bk&m;)/ Zmwd'ku©ukd rjrifawmh Z&m? r&P? Asm"d awGaum jrifygOD;rvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if NyD;cJhwJh twdwfb0wkef;u tm;vkH;aom a,m*Drsm; ow å0gawG[m Zmwdonf 'ku©opömBuD;ygyJvkdU

od&JUvm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh rodawmhbmjzpfvJqkdawmh rodawmh vkdcsifw,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

b,fwkH;uvkdcsifwmvJ/ (vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvuygbk&m;)/ vdkcsifwm bmaxmufjyovJ/ (wPSmygbk&m;)/

wPSmqkdwJhw&m;onf vkdcsifwJhoabm?csifayghAsm/ wPSmqkdwm bmygvdrhf/ (csifygbk&m;)/ csifqkdwm

vkdcsifw,f? pm;csifw,f/ oGm;csifw,f/ &csifw,f/ <um;csifw,f/ armfcsifw,f pojzifhaygh/ olrsm;xuf jrifhcsifw,f/

aumif;csifw,f [m trsdK;rsdK; csifrSeforQaemf/ csif-rSeforQukd b,fvkd,lrvJ/ (wPSm)/ wPSmukd

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ponfjzifh tm;vkH;ukd bmac:rvJ/ (wPSmyg bk&m;)/

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ao&rSmyJ/ qif;&Jom;vnf; aorSmyJ/ olawmif;pm;vnf; aorSmyJ/ aowmu b,folukdrS rsufESm rvdkufbl;/

tJ'Dw&m;awGonf wjcm;w&m;awGvm;? 'ku©opömw&m;awGvm;/ ('ku©opömw&m;awGygbk&m;)/

tJ'D 'ku©opömudk ,ckbkef;BuD;uvnf; owday;w,f/ 'um 'umrawGuvnf; ESvHk;oGif;vdkufw,fqkdawmh

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tkdjcif;qdk; emjcif;qdk; aojcif;qdk; rsm;udkjyefNyD;awmhrsm; aocsifovm;/ (raocsifygbl;bk&m;)/ 'D w&m;udk

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tdkwmawG emwmawG aowmawGudk vufaqmif ay;&ifawmif ,lyghOD;rvm;/ (r,lygbl;)/ r,lawmhbl;/ cg;cg;

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tJ'Dvdk rodwJhtwGuf a[m--t0dZÆmu wpfcsufvmjyefNyD/ odoihf wmusawmh rod? rodoifhwmusawmh

odw,f/ t0dZÆm wpfcsufzGifhjyefNyD aemf/ odoifhwmusawmh (rod)? rodoifhwmusawmh (odw,f)/ b,folU

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ESpfzufvT? b,favmuf aMumufp&m aumif;vJ/ odoifhodxdkuf odtyfwJhw&m;usawmhrod? rodoifh rodtyf

rodxdkufwJhw&m;usawmh MuHMuHzefzef odw,fAsm/ b,folvJ/ (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if 'gxyf&Sif;r,f/ odoifh? odxdkuf? odtyfwJh w&m; qdkwm[m Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P

'ku©awGvGwf&mvGwfaMumif;jzpfaom tusifh r*¾if? vGwf&m vGwfajrmufoGm;wJh edAÁmef eda&m"/ 'gu rodoifhwm

50


vm;? odoifhwmvm;/ (odoifhwmygbk&m;)/ odoifhwmusawmh rod/ b,folygvdrfh (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ a[m --

rodoifhwmusawmh odw,fAs/ 'ku©udkokcvkdYoDw,f/ tedpöukd edpövkdUodw,f/ tewåukd twåvkdU odw,f/ 'gu

rodoihfwmodwJhoabm? t0dZÆmoabmyJ/ rodoifhwJht&mu 'ku© a&mufwm? 'um? 'umrawG odoifhygovm;/

(rodoifhygbl;bk&m;)/ rodwm taumif;qHk;yJ/

bkef;BuD;wdkY oifwef;ausmif;rsm;u q&mawmfrsm; rdefUawmfrloGm; wmav; oGm;owd&w,f/ ,aeUwJh

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raobl;vm;/ (aoygw,f bk&m;)/

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(t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

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(t0dZÆmowå dygbk&m;)/ tJ'g t0dZÆmqdkwm odoifhwmudk rod? rodoifhwmudk odaewm/ b,folU ow ådygvdrfh/

(t0dZÆm owådygbk&m;)/

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[kwfvm;/ tJ'DyHkpHayghaemf/

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r[kwfvm;/

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vmcsifvmrSm/ 'gawmh tewåyJ/ olUoabmeJUol aqmifoGm;wm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

51


bmyJjzpfaeae 'um? 'umrawG trd0rf;xJrSmae&wmawmh trSefyJ/ tJ'Dvdk ae&wJhb0[m olrsm;aewmvm;?

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cHpm;&wmqdkawmh aMumufp&m raumif;bl;vm;/ y#doaEcef;/ 'g--b,fvl? b,fewf? b,fjA[®mrS ra[mEdkifbl;aemf/

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(t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/

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oDvudkocFg&eJYajym/ (ykn,bdocFg&)/ b,fb0u t&if;pkdufwmvJ/ (vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvuygbk&m;)/

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52


oDvw&m;awG jyKcJhw,fqdkwm b,foloufao jywmvJ/ (ocFg&uygbk&m;)/

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(Oyg'gefygbk&m;)/ &&m &aMumif;jzpfwJh 'ge? oDv ukokdvfawG jyKwmu (ocFg&ygbk&m;)/

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(b0ygbk&m;)/

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(okdY) jrwfpGmbk&m;r&Sdaomfvnf; bk&m;\ ½kyfyGm;awmfa&SUayghaemf/ (okdY) tvSLcHjzpfvnf; &[ef; oHCmaygh (odkU)

rdrdvSLwJh tvSLcHaygh/ tJ'Da&SUrSm 'um? 'umrwkdY bkef;BuD;wdkY[m [kd-twdwfoHo&mu aoaocsmcsm

vuftkyfcsDNyD;awmh aoaocsmcsm OD;csuefYawmhNyD; qkawmif;cJhw,f/ 'DrSm oufaojyNyD/ b,folu oufaojywmvJ/

(b0ygbk&m;)/ pdwfxJuae qkawmif;wmu raemuH? yg;pyfu qkawmif;wmu 0pDuH? udk,fwkdifukd,fu ½kd½dkaoaoeJY

um,uH ajrmuf qkrawmif;bl;vm;/ (awmif;ygw,f)/ tJ'Dvdk qkawmif;awmh bkef;BuD;wdkY qkawmif;rSm;cJhMuw,f/

rSm;ovm;? rrSm;bl;vm;/ (rSm;ygw,f bk&m;)/

[dkwkef;u twdwfu rSm;wmudk rqdkxm;eJU? ypöKyÜefawmif qufrSm; Muwkef;yJ/ vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om?

53


jA[®mcsrf;om tBudrfBudrftvDvD cHpm;zdkYqdkwm tckxufxd qkawmif;pmawG &Sdygao;w,f/ vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om?

jA[®mcsrf;om b,favmufcHpm;rSmvJ/ (tBudrfBudrf tvDvDcHpm;rSmygbk&m;)/ wpfBudrfeJY rauseyfbl;/ tBudrfBudrf

tvDvDqdkwm ta&twGufudk ra&rwGufEkdifatmif cHpm;OD;rSmwJh/ 'gawG rauseyfao; bl;vm;? 'um? 'umrawG/

urÇmay:rSm &SdorQ pnf;pdrfukd wpfa,mufwnf; vdkcsifao;w,f/ wPSm? wPSm/ b,folvJ/ (wPSmygbk&m;)/

rauseyfEdkifao;bl;aemf/ b,fawmhrS rauseyfEdkifwJh ow ådonf b,folU owå dvJ/ (wPSmowå dyg bk&m;)/

b,favmufaMumufp&maumif;ovJ/ Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpif awGrSmawmh tmpdP ÖuHukodkvf &Sdw,f/

tmpdPÖuHukodkvf qdkwmu vG,fvG,fululeJY rdrdwpfydkifwpfEdkifvkyfEdkifwJh tjrJ aqmif&Gufaeus ukodkvfayghaemf/

tJ'gu wjcm;r[kwfbl;/ aeYpOfqGrf;awmf uyfw,f? yef;awmf uyfw,f? a&awmfuyfw,f? rD;awmfuyfw,f?

bk&m;&Sdckd;w,f? ykwD;pdyfw,f? w&m;xkdifw,f qdkMuygpdkY/ tmpdP ÖuH ukodkvfawG aeYwdkif; aeYwdkif; rvkyfbl;vm;/

(vkyfygw,fbk&m;)/

Ak'bmom0if olawmfpifawG aeYwdkif; aeUwdkif; bk&m;&Sdckd; qGrf;awmfawGuyfwdkif; uyfwdkif;rSm 'um?

'umrawG qkawmif;wmawG rygbl;vm;/ (yg ygw,fbk&m;)/ udk,hfudk,fudk jyefar;/ igawmif;vm;? rawmif;bl;vm;

qdkwm/ uJ-tJ'Dawmh udk,hftaMumif;udk,f ay:ukefNyD/ rwwfEdkifbl;/ razmfvdkY r&bl;av a,m*DwdkYaemf/ tJ'Dvdk

awmif;wmu tck 'Db0rSmwif awmif;wmr[kwfbl;aemf/ b,fwkef;uwnf;u awmif;cJhwmvJ/ (vGefavNyD;aom

twdwfumvuygbk&m;)/

tck bkef;BuD;axmufjyaewm twdwfu taMumif;udk axmufjy aewm/ tJ'Dawmh twdwfu

taMumif;awGu 'DowådawGu ypöKyÜef txdvdkufvmNyD/ tawmif;u r&yfEdkifbl; jzpfaewm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh

tvkyfvkyf&rSmaemf/ awmif;&rSmvm;? vkyf&rSmvm;/ (vkyf&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh awmif;wmu bk&m;rSm aeYpOfaeYwdkif;

qGrf;awmf yef;awmfuyfNyD; awmif;vdkufwmu bmwJhvJ/ (vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om? jA[®mcsrf;om)/

tJ'Dvdk tBudrfBudrf tvDvD cHpm;NyD;awmh tqHk;pGefaom b0rSm olu edAÁmefcsrf;omwJh/ tJ'guawmh q&moif

oifwJhtwkdif;yJ avQmuf &GwfaewmyJ/ ukd,fem;vnfwmvnf; r[kwfbl;/ odkYaomf em;vnfatmif awmh

oif&rSmaygh a,m*DwdkY/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dvdk awmif;vkdufw,fqdkwmu cke vlcsrf;om vkdcsifwmqkdawmh

csrf;omwmvdkcsifwmbmvJ/ (wPSmygbk&m;)/ vlcsrf;om qkdaomfvnf; bmopöm/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ 'ku©opöm

rodwmu (t0dZÆm)/ okdjzifh t0dZÆmeJY wPSmu bm0#fvJ/ (udavo 0#fygbk&m;)/

'Dvd k jzif h a,m*Dwd k Y udavomawG yGm;aew,f/ t"dyÜm,f ay:vmNyD/ bmawGyGm;aewmvJ/

(udavomawGyGm;aewmygbk&m;)/ okdYjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; yGifhvmwm udavomawG yGm;zdkYvm;/

y,fzdkYvm;/ (y,fzdkYygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG 'Dopömw&m; remawmh 'Dopömw&m;awG

rodwJh tcgusawmh bk&m;a&SUoGm;NyD;awmh y,faewmvm;? yGm;aewmvm;/ (yGm;aewmygbk&m;)/

aMomf - av;oacFseJU urÇmwpfodef; umvywfvHk; yg&rDq,fyg; tjym;oHk;q,f jznfhNyD;awmh tepfemcHNyD;

ow å0gawGudk u,fzdkYtwGuf vkyfcJhwJh bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; r[mu½kPm&SifBuD; a&SUoGm;NyD; udavom

yGm;w,fqdkawmh pOf;pm;Munfhprf;/ awmfawmf rsufESmajymifwkdufw,f/ t&Sufr&Sdbl; rsufESma[m/ olrsm;r[kwfbl;/

udk,fjzpfaewm/

t&Sufr&S dwJ hrsufESmawGt&Sufr&S dwJ hrsufESmawGt&Sufr&S dwJ hrsufESmawGt&Sufr&S dwJ hrsufESmawGt&Sufr&S dwJ hrsufESmawG

wu,fhoHk;avmuxGwfxm;-oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m; udavompifwJh bk&m;a&SUoGm;NyD; udavomyGm;w,fqdkawmh

'um? 'umrawG b,favmuf &Sufp&maumif;vdkufovJ/ tif;-udk,fh[meJYudk,f udavomtkyf aeawmh rodbl;/

a[m tck y#dpöorkyÜg'f axmufMunfhawmh trav;av;/ wdkY t&Sufr&SdwJh rsufESmawG/ a[m-tckaxmufvdkufawmh

'um? 'umr awG &Sufovm;? r&Sufbl;vm;/ (&Sufygw,fbk&m;)/ &SufoGm;NyD/ wpfcgwnf; udk,fhrsufESm

udk,fzHk;xm;zdkYvdkawmhw,f/ 'Davmuf&Sufp&m aumif;ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumi f h y# dp öorky Ü g' fw&m;ud k

54


emvdkYw&m;udk odvm&if t&SuftaMumuf uav;udef;vmw,f/ 'Dawmh avmuygv ESpfyg;qdkwm [D&dMow åyÜaemf/

t&SufeJUtaMumufonf avmuBuD;udk rapmifha&Smufbl; vm;/ 'Dvdkjzifh bkef;BuD;wdkY opömw&m; rodwJh yk*¾dKvfawGu

t&SuftaMumuf r&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfawG/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f opömw&m;odawmh tcka,m*DwdkY &SufwmawG? aMumufwmawG

udef;vmNyDaemf/ bk&m;a&SUukd igoGm;NyD; udavomawG yGm;OD;rvm;/ (ryGm;awmhygbl;bk&m;)/ trav;-ryGm;awmhbl;bk&m;?

&SufvGefvGef;vdkY/ udavomaMumifh tyg,fudk usrSm aMumufvGefvGef;vdkY/ a[m-&Sufwwf? aMumufwwfoGm;NyD/

&Sufwwf? aMumufwwfoGm;&if? 'um? 'umrawG a[m'Dur®b0awGqdkwm? um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHawG

vmOD;rvm;/ (rvmygbl;bk&m;)/

,ck tJ'Dvdk tjypf awG[m bkef;BuD;wkdY 'um? 'umrawGrSm twdwfuaum r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/

tjypf'DrSmMunhf ig;yg;oifhvmw,f/ b,fESpfyg;oifh/ (ig;yg;oifhygw,fbk&m;)/ uJ-ig;yg;u pmtwdkif;&Gwfyg/

(t0dZÆm? ocFg&? wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0)/ tJ'Dw&m;ig;yg;u b,fumvu vkyfcJ h/ (vGefavNyD;aom

twdwfumvuygbk&m;)/ taMumif;vm;? tusdK;vm;/ (taMumif;ygbk&m;)/ opömeJYajym/ (ork', opömygbk&m;)/

tJ'g-olrsm;vkyfwmvm;/ ukd,fvkyfcJhwmvm;/ (udkf,fvkyfcJh wmygbk&m;)/

'gaMumifh twdwfumvu ork',opöm taMumif;w&m;ig;yg;udk vkyfcJhonfhtwGufaMumifh ,aeYbkef;BuD;wdkY

'um? 'umrawG tusdK;w&m;b,fESpfyg;&/ (ig;yg;&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tusdK;w&m; ig;yg;u bmawGygvdrfh/ (0dnmPf?

emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'em ygbk&m;)/ okdYjzifh tJ'DtusdK;w&m;ig;yg;onf wjcm;ig;yg;vm;/ cEmig;yg;vm;/

(cEmig;yg;ygbk&m;)/ bmopöm/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ b,fumvrSmjzpf/ (ypöKyÜefumvrSmygbk&m;)/

'DrSm ypöKyÜeftusdK;wpfvTmwJh/ tvTmeJUMunfhawmh ypöKyÜef tusdK;wpfvTm&aewm/ cE¨mig;yg;/

tJ'DcEmig;yg;&vmwJh yk*¾dKvfwdkif; yk*¾dKvfwdkif; wpfwGJwnf; bmawGygvmwmygvJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P

[dku obm0 ygvmw,f/ cPduvnf; awmufavQmufrygbl;vm;/ cPdu awmufavQmufygvmawmh

0dyóemÓmPfeJYrS jrifrSmaemf/ ckeuajymNyD;NyD/ tc kb ke f ; Bu D ;toH wp fc su fuav;Mum;&wme J U Y

Zmwdrjzpfbl;vm;/ Zmwd jzpfNyD; Z&m? r&Prvmbl;vm;/ wpfwGJwnf; vmw,faemf/ tJ'gu 0dyóemÓmPfeJYrS

omvQif jrif&r,fh udpö/ tck bkef;BuD;ajymaewmawG 'um? 'umrawG obm0udk rsufpdeJYvnf; jrifEdkifwmyJ/

y#doaEaewm? tdkwm? emwm? aowmawG rsufpdeJUYrjrifEdkifbl;vm;/ tJ'DvdkjrifEdkifwJh obm0 'ku©opömawG

tckypöKyÜefumvrSm r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk &aewmonf wjcm;&vdkYvm;? cEm 5-yg;&vkdYvm;/

(cEm 5-yg; &vdkYyg)/ okdYjzifh cEm 5-yg;u bmopöm/ ('ku©opöm)/ tJ'D 'ku©opömBuD;ukd &vmwmu odMum;?

jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmawGu zefqif;vdkY&wmvm;/ rdrdjyKcJhwJhtaMumif;w&m;aMumifhvm;/ (rdrdjyKcJhwJhtaMumif;w&m;

aMumifhygbk&m;)/ tJ'DtaMumif; w&m;aMumifhtusdK;w&m;&wm/

tJ'gaMumifh cke vuFmav;u t0dZÆmESifhwPSm t&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh? ½kyfemrfay:/ a[m-bkef;BuD;wdkY

'um? 'umrawG vlYb0 a&mufw,fqdkwm tESpfMunfhvkdufawmh ½kyfeJY emrfyJ&Sdwmaygh/ bmopömeJY&Sd vJ/ ('ku©opömyg)/

½kyfeJYemrfyJ&SdwJhtaMumif;udk 'Doifwef;eJY 'Dpmydk'fu 'gajymwm/ t0dZÆmESifh wPSmt&if;cH Oyg'gef uHaMumifh

½kyfemrfay:/ NyD;awmhrS [dktykd'fav;qufaemf/

tyifrSrsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf? qufpyfonfh [ef/

'gawmh Oyrmaqmifa[mwm/tyifeJYrsdK;? rsdK;eJY tyifayghaemf/ NyD;awmhrS uHaMumifh emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH/

trSefolajymcsifwmuawmh uHaMumifh emrf½kyfjzpfw,f/ emrf½kyfaMumifh uHjzpfw,f/ 'gudk OyrmeJYay; xm;wmu

tyifrSrsdK;? rsdK;rStyif trQifrjywf? qufpyfonfh[ef? 'g - Oyrmay;xm;awmh ydk&Sif;oGm;wmaygh/

OyrmqdkMuygpkdY? o&ufyifwpfyifaygufvmwm bmpdkufvkdUvJ/ (o&uf rsdK;aph pkdufvdkYygbk&m;)/ o&ufrsdK;aphudk

pkdufvkdY o&ufyifaygufw,f/ tJ'Do&ufyif aygufvmawmh o&ufoD; oD;vdkY o&ufrsdK;aphr&bl;vm;/

tJ'Do&ufrsdK;aphudk jyefNyD;pkdufawmh o&ufyif raygufbl;vm;/ (ayguf ygw,f)/ o&ufyifaygufawmh

55


o&ufoD;roD;bl;vm;/ (oD;ygw,f)/ o&ufoD; oD;awmh o&ufrsdK;aph r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ rsdK;aph jyefpdkufawmh

bmayguf/ (tyifaygufygw,f)/ rsdK;&,f? tyif&,f? [dkrSmajymxm;wmaemf/ tyifrSrsdK;? rsdK;rStyifqdkawmh

y#dpöorkyÜg'fu ynmb,favmuf ta&;BuD;vJ qdkawmhaemf/

tJ'Dae&mrSm bkef;BuD;wkdY avmuDtwwfynmawGeJU 'um? 'umrawG ÓmPf,SOfMu/ tyifeJY rsdK;ESpfrsdK;&SdwJh

ae&mrSm b,folu t&ifusrvJ/ o&ufyifpdkufawmh o&ufoD;oD;/ tJ'Do&ufrsdK; jyefpdkufawmh bmyifayguf/

(o&ufyifayguf ygw,f)/ uJ-uJ 'Dvdkjzifh&if ESpfrsdK;xJar;r,f/ rsdK;eJU tyifeJU b,f[mu t&ifvJ/ (rsdK;ut&ifyg)/

'Dvkdjzifh 'DrsdK; b,fu &ygovJ/ (tyifuygbk&m;)/ b,fvdkvkyf rsdK;u tyifu t&if&w,f ajymvdkY&rvJ/ uJ-

tJ'g y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JUynmyJ/ tJ-tJ'gom tyifu t&ifajymw,f/ rsdK;u t&if? tJ'DvlESpfa,muf xjiif;NyD;

eyef;vHk;zdkYyJ &Sdawmhw,f/ b,fawmhrS tajzxGufrSmr[kwfbl;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnf&if? tajzudk rxGufbl;/

tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rS tyif? trQifrjywf qufpyfonfh[efwJh/ 'gyJ taMumif;tusdK;? taMumif;tusdK;?

taMumif;tusdK; 'gyJ/ tJ'gav; odxm;&if Zmwfvrf;jywfoGm;NyD/ ajymcsifwmu 'gOyrmaqmif a[mwm/ uHaMumifh

emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifh uH/ 'DrSmav b0qdkwm ocFg&b0qdkwm wjcm;vm;? uHvm;? (uHygbk&m;)/ uHudk

b,fol tkyfcsKyfovJqdkawmh t0dZÆm tkyfcsKyfwmaygh/ uHaMumifh cEmig;yg;qkdwm 'DrSm emrf½kyf r&bl;vm;/

(&ygw,f)/ emrf½kyfaMumifh 'DrSm uHajrmufoGm;w,faemf/ cEmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f oGm;awmh 'gawGay:r,f/

tckawmh jzwfajymr,f [kwfvm;/ emrf½kyfaMumifh bmjzpf/ (ur®b0 ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ur®b0 ypö,m

(Zmwdyg bk&m;)/ Zmwd&jyefawmhvnf; wjcm;&rSmvm;? emrf½kyf&rSmvm;/ (emrf½kyf&rSmyg)/ tJ'Dt"dyÜg,fu uHaMumifh

emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifh uH? uHaMumifh emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifh uH? qHk;yghOD;rvm;/ tJ'gaMumifh [dku trQifrjywf

qufpyfonfh[ef qdkwm 'gudk Oyrmay;a[mxm;wm-aemf/ qufpyfonfh[ef uHaMumifh emrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH?

tzefzef jzpfjyefenf; tavsmf/

a[m - ollajymcsifwmu jA[®m? odMum;ponfrsm;u xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh?

vlewfrsm;pGm? owå0gwkdU? jzpfvm&rI? r[kwf[k ÓmPfjzifh ½IíarQmf/

tJ'DrSm ÓmPfav;xnfhvkdufvdkY&Sd&if taMumif;w&m;xJrSm vlawG? ewfawG? jA[®mawG yg&JUvm;/

(rygygbl;bk&m;)/ rygbl;/ 'DrSm "r®awGyJ ygw,f/ tusdK;cEmxJrSmvnf; wjcm;awGU rSmvm;? 'ku©opömawGUrSmvm;/

('ku©opöm awGUrSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh taMumif;eJYtusdK;udk ÓmPf&Sif;vdkuf awmh? taMumif;xJrSmvnf; yk*¾dKvf

owå0g yg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/ taMumif;xJrSm ryg&if tusdK;xJrSma&m ygyghrvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/

rygbll;vdkY odvkduf&if taMumif;udk ÓmPf&Sif;awmh 0dpdudpäm aowmaygh/ tusdK;cEmeJY 'ku©opömyJvdkY ÓmPfodvdkufawmh

'd|drjyKwfbl;vm;/ (jyKwfyg w,f)/ 0dpdudpämeJY 'd|djyKwf&if todeJY q&morm;&JU ÓmPfudk rSDNyD; jyKwfoGm;&if

plVaomwmyef/ qufNyD;awmh yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvdkuf&if r[maomwmyef jzpfEdkifygw,f/ at;-reufydkif;awmh

'DavmufeJYyJ &yfNyD; w&m;yGJodrf;vkdufMu&atmif/

(om"k - om"k - om"k)(om"k - om"k - om"k)


(om"k - om"k - om"k)

56









þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf &SdNyDvJ/ (3 &uf&SdygNyDbk&m;)/

,aeU 3-&ufajrmuf\ nae y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef; w&m;yGJBuD;ygyJaemf/ bmoifwef;vJ/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;yg)/

y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef; qkdawmhum raeUu bkef;BuD;wkdY pcJhygNyD - aemf/ raeUuwnf;u y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;ukd

pvkdufwJhtwGuf 'DaeUvnf;yJ 'Dpuf0kdif;a'oemukd &wJhtcsdefav;rSm BudK;pm;NyD;oGm;rSm jzpfaomaMumifh tm;vkH;aom

a,m*Drsm; tay:pmwef;uae tqkH;xdatmif &GwfqkdNyD; ylaZmfMuygpkdU/

t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:/ tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:/ tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?

t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:/ tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:/ tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?

t0dZÆmESif h wPSm&if;cH? Oyg'gef? uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:/ tyifrS rsdK;? rsdK;rStyif? trQifrjywf?

qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifhemrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzefjzpfjyefenf;tavsmf/ jA[®m-odMum;?qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifhemrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzefjzpfjyefenf;tavsmf/ jA[®m-odMum;?

qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifhemrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzefjzpfjyefenf;tavsmf/ jA[®m-odMum;?qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifhemrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzefjzpfjyefenf;tavsmf/ jA[®m-odMum;?

qufpyfonfh[ef? uHaMumifhemrf½kyf? emrf½kyfaMumifhuH? tzefzefjzpfjyefenf;tavsmf/ jA[®m-odMum;?

ponfrsm;u? xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? owponfrsm;u? xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? ow

ponfrsm;u? xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? owponfrsm;u? xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? ow

ponfrsm;u? xif&Sm;jyKjyif? pD&ifzefqif;? taMumif;&if;aMumifh? vlewfrsm;pGm? ow åå åå å0gwkdU? jzpfvm&rI?0gwkdU? jzpfvm&rI?

0gwkdU? jzpfvm&rI?0gwkdU? jzpfvm&rI?

0gwkdU? jzpfvm&rI?

r[kwf[k? ÓmPffjzifh ½IíarQmf/r[kwf[k? ÓmPffjzifh ½IíarQmf/

r[kwf[k? ÓmPffjzifh ½IíarQmf/r[kwf[k? ÓmPffjzifh ½IíarQmf/

r[kwf[k? ÓmPffjzifh ½IíarQmf/

tJ'Dawmh 'Datmuftykd'f[m vlewfrsm;pGm? owå0gwdkU jzpfvm&rI r[kwf[k ÓmPfjzifh ½IíarQmf qkdawmh

y#dpöorkyÜg'ftay:rSm ÓmPfa&mufoGm; &if ewf? odMum;? jA[®mawG zefqif;vdkU ow å0gawG jzpfvmwmr[kwfbl;

qdkwmukd 'gjrifzkdUaemf/ tJ'Dawmh trsm;tm;jzifhawmhjzifh&if vlyJ? ewfyJ a,mufsm;yJ? rdef;ryJ yk*¾dKvfowå0gyJ qkdwJh

tpGJawG r&SdMubl;vm;/ (&Sdyg w,f bk&m;)/ 'D y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;ukd oifwJhtcgrSm ÓmPfav;0ifvmNyD qkd&if

vlqkdwmvnf; r&Sdbl;? ewfqkdwmvnf; r&Sdbl;? owå0gqkdwmvnf; r&Sdbl;/ okdYaomf tJ'gawGr&Sdawmh bm&SdvJqkd&if

½kyfemrfcEmyJ&Sdw,f/ bmyJ&Sd/ (½kyfemrfcEmyJ&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ ½kyfemrfcEmyJ&SdwJh t&Sdukd tJ'D ÓmPfav;&atmif

'um? 'umrawG ½I&rSmaemf/ tJ'D½IEkdifzkdUtwGufukd wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/

(y#dpöorkyÜg'f em; vnf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ uJ - 'Dawmh 'Dpmykd'fav; reufu &Sif;cJhNyD;NyDaemf/ uJ - tay:ykd'f

qkdvkdufMuOD;pkdU/

rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;ukd,frsm;ESifh? okH;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;ukd,frsm;ESifh? okH;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?

rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;ukd,frsm;ESifh? okH;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;ukd,frsm;ESifh? okH;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?

rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;ukd,frsm;ESifh? okH;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?

0#fokH;0ESif h? umvokH;jzm? jcif;&mESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fukd? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS0#fokH;0ESif h? umvokH;jzm? jcif;&mESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fukd? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS

0#fokH;0ESif h? umvokH;jzm? jcif;&mESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fukd? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS0#fokH;0ESif h? umvokH;jzm? jcif;&mESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fukd? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS

0#fokH;0ESif h? umvokH;jzm? jcif;&mESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fukd? tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf? oHo&mrS



vGwfaMumif;wnf;/

uJ - puf0kdif;ukd axmufMuygr,faemf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;vnf; ylaZmf &m w&m;awmfvnf; ylaZmf&m

a&mufoGm;atmif/

rlvESpfjzmqkdonfrSm (t0dZÆmeJUwPSmygbk&m;)/

opömESpfcku (ork',opöm? 'ku©opömygbk&m;)/

av;cktvTmqkdonfrSm (twdwftaMumif;wpfvTm? ypöKyÜeftusdK; wpfvTm? ypöKyÜef taMumif;wpfvTm?

tem*wf tusdK;wpfvTmyg bk&m;)/

t*Fg wpfq,fhESpfyg;u (t0dZÆm ocFg& 0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'em wPSm Oyg'gef

ur®b0 Zmwd Z&m r&Pyg bk&m;)/

okH;yg;tpyfqkdonfrSm (ocFg&ESifh 0dnmPf wpfpyf? a0'emESifh wPSm wpfpyf? ur®b0ESifh Zmwd wpfpyfyg

bk&m;)/

57


t&if;tjrpft&if;tjrpft&if;tjrpft&if;tjrpft&if;tjrpf

ESpf&yfrlvukd 'DaeUxnfhajymygr,f aemf/ ESpf&yfrlveJU rlvESpfjzmrSm rlvESpfjzmqkdwm 'Dtv,facgifu

t0dZÆmeJUwPSmukd axmufygw,f/ rlv ESpfjzmqkdwm bmeJUbm/ (t0dZÆmeJUwPSmyg bk&m;)/ ESpf&yfrlvusawmh

'DESpfck raxmufawmhbl;/ 'D wPSmeJU 'D t0dZÆmukd oGm;axmufr,f/ okdUaomf þ&SpfoG,fqkdwJhtxJrSm tJ'D

ESpf&yfrlvqkdwmrygbl; aemf/ rygaomf vJbJ pmxJrSm ygaeNyD/ a,m*DwkdUodatmif 'gxnfh&Sif;ay;wm/ ESpf&yf

rlvqkdwm bmeJUbmeJU/ (wPSmeJU t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ rlvqkdwJhpum; a&SUU ygaevkdU 'g 'Dvkdaxmufay;wm aemf/

rlvqkdwm t&yfpum;eJUajym&&if rlv = t&if;cHw&m;? rlv tajccH&if;jrpf pojzifhaemf/

tJ'Dvkdt&if; cHuswmukd rlv ac:awmh 'DwPSmeJU 'Dt0dZÆmukd bmvkdUaxmuf& ovJqkdawmh umvukd

ajymcsifvkdUaygh/ bmukd ajymcsif wmvJ/ (umvukd ajymcsifvkdUyg bk&m;)/ ypöKyÜefumv? twdwfumv 'Dvkdr&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ypöKyÜefumv taeeJUaxmuf&if wPSmukd axmuf&r,f/ ypöKyÜefumvtaeeJUaxmufawmh

(wPSmygbk&m;)/ twdwfumvtaeeJU axmufawmh (t0dZÆm)/ 'gaMumihf ESpf&yfrlvvkdU ajymwmaemf/

'Dawmh ESpf&yfrlvrSm ypöKyÜefumvrSm wPSmOD;aqmifw,f/ ypöKyÜef umvrSm (wPSm OD;aqmifygw,f

bk&m;)/ twdwfumvusawmh (t0dZÆm OD;aqmifygw,f)/ twdwfumvrSm t0dZÆmOD;aqmifawmh t0dZÆmonf

rlv/ twdwfumvrSm b,folonf rlv (t0dZÆmrlvygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh t0dZÆmrlvqkdawmh t0dZÆmu ol

'Dw&m;ukd,fwpfckwnf; ,lzkdU r[kwfbl; aemf/ t0dZÆmvm&if oleJUwGJzuf wPSmrygbl;vm;/ (ygygw,fbk&m;)/

'DrSm eHygwfwpftuGufrSmwPSmygw,faemf/ t0dZÆmvm&if b,fol vmr,f/ (wPSmvmygw,f bk&m;)/ jrwfpGmbk&m;

OyrmaqmifNyD; a[mxm;wmu t0dZÆmqkdwmu tazeJUwlw,f/ wPSmqkdwmu tareJUwlw,f/ 'Dawmh

vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf jzpfvmzkdU twGufu t"duonf tazeJU tar/ b,foleJU b,folvJ/ (tazeJUtarygbk&m;)/

t0dZÆmonf b,foleJUwl (tazeJUwlygw,f)/ wPSmonf b,foleJUwl (tareJUwlygw,f)/ twdwf umvwkef;u

tazu a&SUuoGm;wm taruaemufuvkdufw,f/ 'Dt"dyÜg,fygyJ-aemf/ oGm;awmh OyrmeJU Oyar,s [yfvkdufawmh

'g&Sif;oGm; wmaygh/ 'Dawmh twdwfwkef; u b,foluOD;aqmif (t0dZÆm OD;aqmifygw,f bk&m;)/ t0dZÆmqkdwJh

tazeJUwlwJh t0dZÆmu twdwfrSm OD;aqmifygw,f/ tareJUwlwJh wPSmu aemufurvkdufbl;vm;/

a&S UoGm;aemufvk dufayg haem f/ b,fvk dac:rvJ/ (a&S UoGm;aemufvk dufygbk&m;)/ t0dZ Æma&S UuoGm;?

wPSmaemufuvkdufwJhtwGuf a[m - ypöKyÜefb0rSm cEmig;yg;&vmw,f/ bm&ygvdrfh/(cEm ig;yg;ygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh ypöKyÜefumvrSm wPSmOD;aqmif w,fwJh/ 'g - y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JUoifwef; oabmw&m;aemf/ ypöKyÜefumvrSm

wPSm OD;aqmifaomfvnf;yJ olUaemufvkdufub,folygvJ/ (t0dZÆm ygygw,f bk&m;)/

tJ - 'Dawmh OyrmeJUaqmifajym&if tara&SUoGm; tazaemuf vkdufygyJ/ ypöKyÜefumvusawmh tareJUwlwJh

wPSmu a&SUuoGm;? taz eJUwlwJh t0dZÆmu aemufuvkdufw,f/ NyD;awmh a&SUoGm;eJU aemufvkdufom uGmw,f/

wu,fawmh 'um? 'umrawG tem*wfrSm wjcm;&rSmvm;/ cEmig;yg;&rSmvm;/ (cEmig;yg;&rSmygbk&m;)/ tem*wfrSm

cEmig;yg; &ygvdrfhr,f-aemf/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdU ESpf&yfrlv qkdwmu t0dZÆmonf twdwf rlv/ t0dZÆmonf (twdwfrlv)/

wPSmonf (ypöKyÜefrlvyg bk&m;/ 'g - ESpf&yfrlv aemf/

uJ - aemufwpfcg 0#fokH;0ESifh qufajymygr,f/

0#fokH;0ESifh qkdonfrSm (udavo0#f? ur®0#f? 0dygu0#f ygbk&m;)/ udavom0#f b,fESpfyg;

(okH;yg;yg bk&m;)?

ur®0#fu (ESpfyg;yg bk&m;)?

0dygu0#fu (&Spfyg;yg bk&m;)?

udavo0#fokH;yg;u b,folawGvJ/

(t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ygbk&m;)/

58


ur®0#f ESpfyg;u (ocFg&eJU ur®b0yg bk&m;)/

0dygu0#f &Spfyg;u (0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'em Zmwd Oyywdåb0 Z&mr&Pygbk&m;)/

'g - 0#fokH;0ESifh vkdUqkdygw,f/

umvokH;jzmqkdonfrSm (vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumv? ,ckjzpfqJ ypöKyÜefumv? aemifjzpfvwH åUaom

tem*wfumvyg bk&m;)/

aemufwpfcg - jcif;&mESpfq,fqkdonfrSm -

eHygwf (1) - twdwftaMumif;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;?

eHygwf (2) - ypöKyÜeftusdK;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;?

eHygwf (3) - ypöKyÜeftaMumif;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;?

eHygwf (4) - tem*wftusdK;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;yg bk&m;)/

eHygwf (1) twdwftaMumif;tjcif;t&mig;yg;ukd ajymyg/ (t0dZÆm ocFg& wPSm Oyg'gef b0yg bk&m;)/

eHygwf (2) ypöKyÜef tusdK;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;u - (0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'emyg bk&m;)/

eHywf (3) ypöKyÜeftaMumif;tjcif;t&mig;yg;u - (wPSm Oyg'gef b0 t0dZÆm ocFg&yg bk&m;)/

eHygwf (4) tem*wftusdK;tjcif;t&m ig;yg;u - (0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'emyg bk&m;)/

ig;av;vD ESpfq,f þ&SpfoG,fukd tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf oHo&mrSvGwfaMumif;wnf;/ omoem

okH;&yfaemf/ omoemb,fESpf&yf/ (okH;&yfyg bk&m;)/

tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf oHo&mrSvGwfaMumif;wnf;/ 'Doif wef;pcJhNyDaemf/ qkdprf;yg/

(tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf oHo&mrS vGwfaMumif;wnf;)/

tvG,fusufrSwfu bmomoem (y&d,wdå omoemygbk&m;)?

odaptyfonfu (y#dywå d omoemyg bk&m;)?

oHo&mrS vGwfaMumif;wnf;u (y#da0"omoemyg bk&m;)/

þokdUjzifh&if tm;vkH; bkef;BuD;wkdU Ak'bmom olawmfpifawG omoem okH;&yf&Sdw,f/ okdYjzifh&if omoemqkdwm

wjcm;vm;? tqkH;tr vm;/ (tqkH;tryg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh or®morÁK'jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU tqkH;trukd rdrdwkdYr&bl;qkd&if

omoemrudef;bl;qkd&if vljzpfwm tvum;ygyJ/ tvum;vl jzpfwmygyJ/ wpfb0wpfeyfpmyJjzpfrSmyg/

tJ'Dvkdrjzpfatmif omoem b,fESpf&yf udef;&rSmvJ/ (okH;&yfudef;&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ - ,ck bmomoemvJ/

eHygwf (1) u (y&d,wdåomoemygbk&m;)/ y&d,wd å omoemudef;&r,faygh/ tJ'D y&d,wdå omoemrSm cEm?

tm,we? "mwf? opöm/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifaewmu bmomoemudef;zkdU/ (y&d,wd å omoemyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gawG

oifNyD;&if 'Dtwkdif;aerSmvm;/ vufawGU tm;xkwf&rSmvm;/ (vufawGUtm;xkwf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D cE¨m?

tm,wew&m;awGukd udk,fwkdifukd,fus ÓmPfeJUjrifatmif ukd,hfcEm? a[m'D wpfvHrQavmufaomcEmrSm tJ'gawG

MunhfvkdUjrif&if bmomoemudef; wmvJ/ (y#dywdåomoemudef;ygw,fbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if y#dywå domoemudef;vkdU 'Dtwkdif; tm;xkwf&if y#da0" omoemu qkawmif;zkdU vkd&JUvm;/

(rvkdygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh "r®oabm u olUtcsdefwef&if 'um? 'umrawG [kwfvm;? ray:Ekdifbl;vm;/ (ay:

Ekdifygw,f bk&m;)/ 'g - "r®&JUwm0efaemf/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU ,aeU y&dowf omoemtaejzifh udef;zkdUuawmhjzihfqkd&if

cEm? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpöorkyÜg'f b,fESpfrsdK; q&mawmfBuD;rdefUoGm;wmvJ/ (ckESpfrsdK; yg bk&m;)/

ckESpfrsdK;u (cEm? tmowe? "mwf? opöm? y#dpöorkyÜg'f? t½IcH? t½IÓmPf)/ [kwfNyD/ tJ'D y#dpöorkyÜg'fpuf0kdif;BuD;udk

oif&if;eJU tukefvkH; ygoGm; ygvdrfhr,faemf/

59


t&GwfavmufeJUrauseyfeJUt&GwfavmufeJUrauseyfeJUt&GwfavmufeJUrauseyfeJUt&GwfavmufeJUrauseyfeJUt&GwfavmufeJUrauseyfeJU

uJ - 'Dawmh ,aeY y#dpöorkyÜg'fpuf0kdif;ukd poifawmhr,fqkdawmh rlvESpfjzmu b,foleJUb,folygvdrfh/

(t0dZÆmeJU wPSmyg bk&m;)/ NyD;awmh a[m'Dpuf0kdif;&JU twGif;0kdif;BuD;rSm t0dZÆm&,f? wPSm&,f qkdawmh tJ'D

t0dZÆmeJUwPSmqkdawmh puf0kdif;xJrSmom a&;jywm tck a,m*DwkdU rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ tararG;wJh

rsufpdeJU jrifaewmaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*Drsm; olawmfaumif;awGaemf? vljzpfvm&if

rsufvkH;wpfvkH;wnf; xm;vkdUr&bl;/ b,fESpfvkH;wyf&rSmvJ/ (ESpfvkH; wyf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ar;p&mjzpfr,f/

[m - t&Sif bk&m;? vlwkdif; rsufpdESpfvkH;&SdwmyJ qkdawmh 'gajymwmr[kwfbl;/ tararG; vkdufwJh rsufvkH;

ESpfvkH;u rsufvkH;wpfvkH;vkdU,l? bmrsufvkH;wpfvkH;/ (uHrsufvkH; wpfvkH;)/ bk&m; omoemeJUMuHKvkdU bk&m;ay;wJh

rsufvkH; (0g) q&may;wJh rsufvkH;onf ÓmPfrsufvkH;/ bmrsufvkH;vJ/ (ÓmPfrsufvkH;yg bk&m;)/ okdYjzifh a,m*DwkdU

vl&,fvdkUjzpfvm&if rsufvkH;ESpfvkH; &Sd&rSmaygh/ bmrsufvkH;eJU bmrsufvkH;/ (uHrsufvkH;eJU ÓmPfrsufvkH;yg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ÓmPfrsufvkH;ukd &rSomvQif tkdemaovGwfr,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ uHrsufvkH;av;&½kHeJU

tkdemaovGwfyghrvm;/ (rvGwfygbl;)/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG [kwfvm;/ jrwfpGmbk&m; "r®pMum

a[mwJhtcgusawmh yxrOD;qkH; aomwmyefwnfoGm;wm t&Sif aum@naemf/ b,folygvJ/ (t&Sifaum@nyg

bk&m;)/ t&Sif aum@n yxrOD;qkH; 'um? 'umrawG - tif; - ÓmPfrsufvkH;&oGm;wm/ pu©KH O'yg'd ÓmPH

O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd r&bl;vm;/ 'DawmhrS tmavmaum O'yg'dqkdwm 'gbkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*DawG

vlwkdif;vlwkdif; EIwfzsm;rSm&aewmyJ/ r&Gwfbl;vm;/ (&Gwfygw,f)/ okdYjzifh tJ'g&Gwfwm ukokdvfr&bl;vm;/ &ygw,f/

&GwfMuprf;ygvdkU 'um? 'umrawGudk wkdufwGef;w,faygh/ okdUaomf tJ'D&GwfwJhukokdfvfu wjcm;ukokdvfvm;/

uHukokdvfvm;/ (uH ukokdvfyg bk&m;)/ &GwfwJhukokdfvfu bmukokdvf/ (uHukokdvfygbk&m;)/

okdUaomf w&m;awGukd &Gwfaew,fqkdvkdU&Sd&if umrm0p& ukokdvfjzpf w,f/ "r®'geukokdvf jzpfw,f/

&Gwfprf;ygvkdU tm;ay;wkdufwGef;w,faygh/ okdUaomf tJ'Dt&Gwfavmufuav;eJUawmh rauseyfeJUaygh/ bmjzpfvkdU

raus eyfeJUvkdUqkd&if bmukodkvfyJ jzpfao;vkdUvJ/ (uHukodkvfyJ jzpfaeao;vkdUyg bk&m;)/ ur®b0 ypö,m

(Zmwdygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh &Gwf½kHeJUqkdvdkU&Sd&if 'um? 'umrawG tkdemao rvGwfao;bl;As/ (rSefvSyg)/ &Gwf½kHeJUqkd

tkdemao vGwfyghrvm;/

'Dawmh pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓmPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'gyg'djzpfzkdU qdkwmuawmh &GwfzkdUr[kwfygbl;/

jrifzkdU/ bmzkdUvJ (jrifzkdUyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd jrifzkdU qkdwmvnf; wjcm;eJU jrif&rSmvm;/ ÓmPf rsufvkH;eJU jrif&rSmvm;/

(ÓmPfrsufvkH;eJUyg)/ ÓmPfrsufvkH;eJU jrif&r,f/ 0dZÆmrsufvkH;eJU jrif&r,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 0dZÆmrsufvkH;qkdwm 0dZÆm

O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ'Dvkd O'yg'dawG ÓmPfrsufvkH;awG &zkdUqkd wmu t0dZÆmuae bmjzpfrSmvJ/ (0dZÆmjzpf&rSmygbk&m;)/

wPSmu bmjzpfrS vJ/ (tavmb jzpfrS)/ tavmb jzpfrS/ wPSmu bmjzpfrS/ (tavmb jzpfrS)/ t0dZÆmu

(0dZÆmjzpfrS)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if t0dZÆmuae 0dZÆmrjzpforQ umvywfvkH; bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG oHo&mrS

vGwfyghrvm;/ (rvGwfygbl;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ykHaoenf;av; jyefoGm;MuOD;aemf/ tJ'D t0dZÆm ukd tbd"r®meJUajymawmh

wjcm;ajymwmvm;/ arm[ajymwmvm;/ (arm[yg bk&m;)/ wPSmukd tbd"r®meJUajymawmh avmb? wPSmukd

(avmb)/ wPSmukd b,fvkd ac:rvJ/ (avmb)/ t0dZÆmukd (arm[)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if avmb? arm[? arm[?

avmb/

t0dZÆmqkdwm reufu oifcJhw,f/ wjcm;rodwmvm;/ opömav;yg; rodwmvm;? (opömav;yg; rodwmyg

bk&m;)/ rlvESpfjzmqkdwJh t0dZÆmeJU wPSmu wu,fawmh udk,fhcEm&JUjzpfaMumif;aemf/ t0dZÆmeJU wPSmu bmeJU

bmeJUvJ/ (cEm&JU jzpfaMumif;ygbk&m;)/ okdYjzifh&if cEm&JUjzpfaMumif; qkdawmh a,m*DwkdU reufupcJhNyD/ opömav;yg;ukd

60


rodwm (t0dZÆmyg)/ uJ - vkdufqkd/

opömav;yg;? rodjim;?uG,fwm;ydwfum? t0dZÆm/ (2-acgufqkd)opömav;yg;? rodjim;?uG,fwm;ydwfum? t0dZÆm/ (2-acgufqkd)

opömav;yg;? rodjim;?uG,fwm;ydwfum? t0dZÆm/ (2-acgufqkd)opömav;yg;? rodjim;?uG,fwm;ydwfum? t0dZÆm/ (2-acgufqkd)

opömav;yg;? rodjim;?uG,fwm;ydwfum? t0dZÆm/ (2-acgufqkd)

opömav;yg;ukdrodatmifzkH;vTrf;xm;wmqkdawmh bkHokH;yg;rSm &Sd&Sd orQ ½kyfemrfawGonf 'ku©opömawGcsnf;/

tJ'D 'ku©awGukd 'ku©vkdUrodrjrif Ekdifjcif;[m 'g'ku©opömukd zkH;vTrf;wJh t0dZÆmyJ/ tvm;wlyJ wPSmavmb

uk d ' ku © j zp f a Mumi f ; r S e f ; ro d ? e d A Á me fu k d ' ku ©c s K y f & mr S e f ; ro d ? r* ¾ i f 8-y g ;u k d

edAÁmefokdUoGm;a&mufp&mvrf;aumif;rSef;rodrIawG[m ork',r*¾ESifh eda&m" ukd zkH;vTrf;wJh t0dZÆmawGygyJ/ 'Dae&mrSm

opöm 4-yg;ukd odw,fqkdwm oN*ØK[fo½kyfcGJovkd o½kyfa&wGufwwfovkd onmod - trSwfodrsdK; r[kwfbJ

ÓmPfododrSom todvkdY rSwf&r,f/

aus;Zl;&Sifxifaeaus;Zl;&Sifxifaeaus;Zl;&Sifxifaeaus;Zl;&Sifxifaeaus;Zl;&Sifxifae

tJ'Dawmh opömav;yg; qkdawmh - ork',opöm? 'ku©opöm/ 'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;u

yxrOD;qkH; pa[mwm 'ku©opöm ukd pa[mygw,f/ bmukd pa[mwm ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/ 'ku©opömukd rodwm

(t0dZÆm)/ ork',opömudk rodwm (t0dZÆm)/ r*¾opöm rodwm (t0dZÆm)/ eda&m"opöm rodwm (t0dZÆm)/ opömav;yg;ukd

rodbJeJU oabm us wG,fwmaewmu (wPSmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if oabmuswG,fwm aewmu wPSmqkdawmh 'gukd w&m;ukd,fa[mwJhtcgusawmh jAKef;ceJ

rrSwfrdbl;/ 'DawmhrS aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u OyrmeJU t0dZÆmeJU wPSmukd a[moGm;wmrsm; wpfcgwnf;

wpfvkH;wnf; rSwfrdw,faygh/ rEÅav;uae &efukefudkwJh EGm;owfzkdU EGm;awG wifw,f/ tJ'Dvkd wifwJhtcgusawmh

EGm;owfr,fh yk*¾dKvfu ykdif&Sifuayghaemf? olUEGm;awG tav;csdefawG avsmhrSmpkd;vkdU a&av;wkdufvkduf? tpmav;auR;vkduf

'um? 'umrawG rvkyf&bl;vm;/ (vkyf&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tkd - awmfMum rusef; rrmjzpf&ifcufr,f/ olUEGm;awG

awmfMum aps;aumif;r&rSmpkd;vkdU trav; usef;rmatmif aq;0g;av; ukvkduf? EGm;awG oyfoyf&yf&yf jzpfatmif

a&csdK;ay;vkduf/ tdyfwJhtcg rSmvnf; aoao csmcsm EGm;wif;ukyfeJUxm;vkduf rvkyfbl;vm;/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf EGm;ukd

tpmauR;w,f? a&wkdufw,f? aq;uk ay;w,f/ EGm;wif;ukyfeJU EGm;ukd aoaocsmcsmxm;w,f/ atmf-aemufqkH;awmh

jcifrukduf&atmif jcifaxmifukd axmifay;xm;wm/ t"dyÜm,faemf/

okdUaomf tJ'DEGm;owfwJhyk*¾dKvf[m tJ'DEGm;awGukd a&mif;jyKNyD;awmh pD;yGm;&SmrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf EGm;owf½kHukdykdUumeD;

tJ'Dvkd jyKpkaewm[m 'um? 'umrawG EGm;ukd cspfwJhpdwfeJUvkyfwm [kwf&JUvm; (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/ arwåm&SdvkdUvm;/

(r[kwfygbl;)/ r[kwfbl;/ olUtusdK; pD;yGm;twGuf &Sif;NyDaemf/ okdYaomf bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*Duom 'golUtusdK;

pD;yGm;rkdUvkdUvkyfwm EGm;cspfvkdU r[kwfbl;? EGm;ukd arw åmxm;vkdU r[kwfbl;/ t"dyÜg,faemf/ okdUaomf EGm;uawmh

'um? 'umrawG bkef;BuD;wkdUodovkd rodbl;/ 'um? 'umrawG odovkdod&JUvm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ rodbl;/

wvGJodw,fAs/

b,fvkdodvJvkdUqkd&if ighukdauR;xm;wJh auR;&SifBuD; - [? arG;xm; wJh arG;&SifBuD; - [/ olYukd

aeraumif;awmhvnf; aq;0g;ukay;? tdyf&m ae&m aumif;aumif;av; vkyfay;? tjrJwrf;a&wkdufay;/ a&csdK;ay;?

tpmauR;qkdawmh EGm;&JUpdwfxJrSm EGm;owfrJholudk olu auR;&Sif arG;&Sif aus;Zl;&SifBuD;vkdU rxifbl;vm;/

(xifygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzpf&if aus;Zl; &SifBuD;vkdU xifwm[m vlvm;? EGm;vm; (EGm;ygbk&m;)/ aus;Zl; &SifvkdUxifwm

b,folvJ/ (EGm;ygbk&m;)/ EGm; wJh/ tck bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawGu olUukd aus;Zl;&SifvkdU xifao;vm;/

(rxifawmhygbl;bk&m;)/ trSeftwkdif; jrifwm/ aus;Zl;&Sifr[kwfbl;/ 'Daumif EGm;owfrJh taumif? tifrwefqkd;?

vlqkd; vlrkduf-aemf/ EGm;ukdowfNyD; pD;yGm;&Sm aewm 'Daumif vlaumif;vm;? vlqkd;vm;/ (vlqkd;yg bk&m;)/

bkef;BuD;wkdU ,aeY Ak'w&m;awmfeJUajym&if olUtoufowfae&if 'Dyk*¾dKvfonf vlrkdufyJ/ ygPmwdygw

ukd;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ olwpfyg; toufukd owfNyD; awmhrS ukd,fhwpf0rf;wpfcg; pm;&rJhtvkyfukd vkyfawmh

61


'Dyk*¾dKvfukd bkef;BuD;wkdU olawmfaumif;pm&if;xJ xnfhvkdUr&bl;/ bmjzpfvkdUvJ qkdawmh ig;yg;oDveJUwGufawmh

b,fuHukd usL;vGefaewmvJ/ (ygPmwdygw uHygbk&m;)/ ygPmwdygwuHusL;vGefaewJhtwGuf olonf vlrkdufyJvkdU

tm;vkH; 'um? 'umrawG bkef;BuD;wkdU odw,faygh/ okdUaomf EGm;u olUukd vlrkdufvkdUxifwmvm;/ aus;Zl;&SifvkdU

xifwmvm;/ (aus;Zl;&SifvkdU xifwmyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh aus;Zl;&SifvkdUxifawmh olrsm;tem; a&mufvmvkdU&Sd&if 'um? 'umrawG acGUzkdUrajymeJU

,ufumyufumeJUEGm;u? 'g - q&mawmf OyrmeJUa[mxm;wmaemf/ EGm;onf auR;&SifarG;&Sif aus;Zl;&SifBuD;

xifNyD; awmh tJ'DEGm;owfrJhol tem;a&mufvmwJhtcgusawmh wpfcgwnf; ,ufvkdufzufvkdufeJU tJ'Dvkd

yGwfoD;yGwfoyf rvkyfbl;vm;/ (vkyfygw,f)/'gjzifh tJ'Dvkd yGwfoD;yGwfoyf vkyfwmonf vlvm;? EGm;vm;/ (EGm;ygbk&m;)/

auR;&SifarG;&Sif aus;Zl;&SifvkdU xifwmonf vlvm;? EGm;vm;/ (EGm;ygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/ 'gu Oyrmaqmif a[mwmyg/

udk,f hud kowfwJ h&efolud k,f hud kowfwJ h&efolud k,f hud kowfwJ h&efolud k,f hud kowfwJ h&efolud k,f hud kowfwJ h&efol

uJ - Oyar,su bkef;BuD;wkdU udk,fhb0eJUukd,f [yfMuygpkdU/ udk,fh b0eJUukd,f [yfwJhtcgusawmh uJ -

tck bkef;BuD;wkdU eHygwf ESpftuGuf ypöKyÜefumvxJrSm ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,fbk&m;)/ tck b,ftusdK;

eJU ae&wmvJ/ (ypöKyÜeftusdK; wpfvTmeJUygbk&m;)/ ypöKyÜeftusdK; wpfvTmeJUaewmaemf/ ypöKyÜeftusdK; wpfvTmqkdwm

wjcm;&vkdUvm;/ cEm ig;yg; &vkdUvm;? (cEmig;yg;&vkdUygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU&wmu vljzpfwJhtwGuf vlUcE¨maygh/ tJ'Dvkd ewfjzpf&if bmcE¨m ac:rvJ/

(ewfcEmygbk&m;)/ tu,fvkdU jA[®mjzpf&if bmcEmac:rvJ/ (jA[®mcEmac:ygr,fbk&m;)/ tu,fí acG;jzpf&if

bmcEmac:rvJ/ (acG;cEm ac:ygr,f bk&m;)/ ynwftm;jzifhom ajymif; oGm;aomfvnf; tm;vkH;NcHKvkdufwJhtcg

cEm&wmygyJ? &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh cEm&NyDqkd&if 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm;Munhf/ y#doaE aejcif;? tdkjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif; qkdwJh

'D'ku©awG vGwfyghrvm;/ (rvGwfygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh tkdwm? emwm? aowmonf wjcm;&vkdUvm;? cEm&vkdUvm;/

(cEm&vkdUygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh7if bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm; Munfhaemf/ a[m'DcEm&wJhyk*¾dKvfwkdif;?

yk*¾dKvfwkdif; udk,fhukd owfwm wjcm; uowfwmvm;? cEmuowfwmvm;/ (cEmuowfwmyg bk&m;)/ b,folu

owfwmvJ/ (cEmuowfwmyg)/ xif&Skm;oGm;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ cEmu ukd,fhukdowfw,fqkdawmh

udk,fhukdowfwJholu rdwfaqG vm;? &efolvm;/ (&efolygbk&m;)/ &efolaemf/

uJ - 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdUY 'um? 'umrrsm; pOf;pm;aemf/ a[m'D &aewJh cEmonf rdrdb0ukd wpfoufvkH;

wpfoHo&mvkH; owfvmwm aygh/ vljzpfvnf;yJ taoqkd;eJUrao&bl;vm;/ (ao&ygw,fbk&m;)/ ewfjzpfawmhvnf;yJ

(ao&ygw,f bk&m;)/ jA[®mjzpfawmhvnf;yJ (ao&yg w,f bk&m;)/ i&J? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? tol&um,f usawmhvnf;

(ao&yg w,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkdaowmonf wjcm;&vkdUvm;? cEm&vkdUvm;/ (cEm& vkdYyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if cEm&wJhyk*¾dKvfwkdif;? yk*¾dKvfwkdif; a,m*DwkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU twGuf rdwfaqGvm;? &efolvm;/

(&efolyg bk&m;)/ okdYjzifh&if &efolqkdwmu wu,fhobm0twkdif; jrif&rSmayghaemf/ tJ'DvkdrsdK;&efolvkdU wpfoufvkH;

wpfoHo&mvkH;u uJ - tm;vkH;aom aqGawmf rsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG jrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/

rjrifbl;/ &efolvdkUrjrifbl;/ &efolvkdY rjrifwJhtjyiffrSm tJ'DcEmukd rdwfaqGvkdUawmif jrifao;w,f/ ckeu EGm;BuD;onf

olUukdowfrJholukd auR;&SifarG;&SifBuD;? ,ufumyufum vkyfovkd cifrifovkd/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ 'Dawmh

tJ'Dukd,fhukd owfrJh&efolukd &efolrSef; rodwmu b,folYow åd/ (t0dZÆm owåd ygbk&m;)/

a[m - tJ'gukd cEmxJoGif;vkdufygaemf/ ukd,fhcEmonf ukd,fhukd rowfbl;vm;/ (owfygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'D ukd,fhukdowfrJh&efolukd &efolrSef; rodwmu (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ rodwJhtwGuf 'DcEmukd cifaewmu (wPSm

ygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmeJU wPSmu olrsm;jzpfwmvm;? ukd,fukd,fwkdif jzpfcJh wmvm;/ (udk,fukd,fwkdif jzpfcJhwmyg

62


bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh 'DcEmukd cifwmu wPSm? 'DcEmukd cifwmu (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ 'DcEmonf 'ku©opömvkdU

rodwmu (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ rodwJh twGuf cifwmu (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd y#dpöorkyÜg'f oGm;vkdufawmh

rlvESpfjzm/ rlvESpfjzm qkdwm b,foleJUb,fol/ (t0dZÆmeJUwPSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'D t0dZÆmeJU wPSmqkdwJh

rlvESpfjzm[m ,ckrSjzpfwmvm;/ wpfoHo&mvkH;u jzpfcJhwmvm;/ (wpfoHo&mvkH;u jzpfcJhwmygbk&m;)/ olESdyfpufcJhvkdU

bk&m;tqlql vGJcJhygw,f/ bk&m;wpfql wpfqlyGifh&if pmxJrSm ygNyD; om;aemf/ bk&m;wpfql wpfql yGifh&if 'um?

'umrawG y&dowfawG trsm;BuD;/ ruRwfbl;vm;/ (uRwfygw,f)/ bk&m;wpfql wpfqlrSm uRwfoGm;wJhol

uRwfoGm;wJh olawGukd ra&rwGufEkdifatmifygyJ/ ra&rwGuf Ekdifavmufatmif ygjim;aomfvnf;yJ ,aeU aMomf -

rdrdwkdY tJ'DxJrSm rygbl;qkdawmh - awGUvkdUvm;? a&SmifcJhvkdUvm;/ (a&SmifcJhvkdUyg)/ a&SmifcJhwm b,folUaMumifhvJ/

(t0dZÆmaMumifhyg)/

rd kufvd kUjyefawGUMuwmrd kufvd kUjyefawGUMuwmrd kufvd kUjyefawGUMuwmrd kufvd kUjyefawGUMuwmrd kufvd kUjyefawGUMuwm

b,favmufaMumufp&maumif;vJ a,m*DwkdU/ okdUaomf ukd,fhukd,f ukd tJ'Dvkd a&SmifcJhrSef; rodbl;/

u,frJholeJUawGUwkdif; awGUwkdif; a&Smifa&Smif a&SmifNyD; rajy;cJhbl;vm;/ ajy;cJhw,f/ 'Dvkd jrwfpGmbk&m; ukd,fawmfjrwf

BuD;onf avmurSm yGifhvmwm[m ow å0gawGudk u,fzkdU/ 'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wkdUbk&m;&Sdckd; &SdwmyJ/ Aka'g

avmau orkyÜaEém? [dwm, oAÁygPdeH qkdwm/ avmuBuD;ukd u,fzkdUtvkdUiSm avmuBuD;tusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf

jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; ryGifhbl;vm;/ (yGifhygw,fbk&m;)/ **Fg 0gVK oJpkru bk&m;awG yGifhyifyGifhjim;aomfvnf;

a[m'Dw&m;a[mwJh bkef;BuD;eJU wuGtm;vkH;aom a,m*DawGyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ rygbl;/

uJ -'Dawmh ukd,fhaqGawGrsdK;awG &if;&if;ESD;ESD;ar;&r,f/ cifAsm;wkdU b,foGm; aeMuvJ/ b,favmuf

rkdufovJqkdwm pOf;pm;Munhfprf;/ ukd,fhu,frJholu tdrfay:a&mufvmwmawmifrSyJ tawGUrcHyJ xGufajy;wJh

b0qkdawmh ukd,fhxufrkdufwm &Sdao;&JUvm;/ pOf;pm;Munhfaemf/ awmfao; &JUAsm - ck - w&m;yGJ a&mufvmvkdU

tJ'DxJrSm tckyv’ifay:u bkef;BuD;u acgif;aqmif ayghaemf - xm;vkduf/'DavmufrkdufvkdU 'Dbkef;BuD;eJY 'Da,m*DawG

jyefawGUwm r[kwfbl;vm;/ [m - okdUaomf rkdufcsifvkdUrdkufwmvm;/ q&meJUrawGUvkdUvm;/ (q&meJUrawGUvkdUygbk&m;)/

atmf-q&meJUrawGU wmawmh t"duaygh/ okdUaomf q&meJUawGUaomfvnf;yJ q&mhukd auGUywf a&Smifaeawmh

bk&m;ukd auGUywf a&Smifaeawmh rawGUbl;/

tJ'Dawmh ruRwfEkdifatmif rawGUEkdifatmif vSnfhywfa&Smifaewm b,foleJU b,folvJ/ (t0dZÆmeJU wPSmyg

bk&m;)/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ - ,aeU tifrwef bkef;xl;uHxl;&SdMuwJhtwGuf t0dZÆmuae bmjzpf rSmvJ/

(0dZÆmjzpfrSmyg bk&m;)/ wPSmuae (tavmb jzpfrSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'DvkdjzpfvkdUqkdawmh 'um? 'umrawG

0dZÆmÓmPfwpfÓmPf &zkdUqkdwmu vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh t0dZÆmqkdwm[m tarSmifzkH; wmaygh/

t0dZÆmqkdwm bmwJhvJ/ (tarSmifzkH;wmyg)/

tJ'D tarSmifzk H;vm wJhtcsdeftcgrSm b,favmuf aMumufp&m aumif;ovJqkd&if v,fwD

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm; a[mxm;ovkdyJ [kwfvm;/ t0dZÆm&JU tarSmifukd OyrmeJUay;a[mxm;wm/ tifrwef

rdk;arSmifBuD;uswJh tcsdeftcgrSm 'um? 'umrawG bmrS rjrif&ovkd? vuG,fnqkdwmvnf;yJ rarSmifbl;vm;/

(arSmifygw,f)/ oef;acgif,Htcsdef onfvnf; rarSmifbl;vm;/ (arSmifygw,f)/ rdk;arSmifBuD;usae&ifvnf;

rarSmifbl;vm;/ (arSmifygw,f)/ tJ'Dtcsdef ukd,fu awmtkyftv,f a&mufaewmaygh/ av;csuf a[mxm;w,f/

t0dZÆmukd a[mxm;wmaemf/

vuG,fntcsdef? oef;acgif,Htcsdef? awmtkyfBuD; tv,faumifrSm a&mufNyD;awmh 'um? 'umrawG

63


rdk;arSmifusaewJh tcsdeftcgrSm udk,fhvufudk axmifMunfhvdkY jrifyghrvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ rjrifwmu rsufpdr&SdvdkY

rjrifwmvm;/ &SdvsufeJY rjrifwmvm;/ (&SdvsufeJU rjrifwmygbk&m;)/ bmjzpfvdkY rjrifwmvJ/ arSmiftm;BuD;vkdY?

tarSmifxkawG zHk;tm;BuD;vdkY udk,fhajc? udk,fhvufawmif rjrifEdkifygbl;/ tJ'Dvdk rjrifEdkifbl;qdk&if OyrmqdkMuygpdkY/

awmxJ tJ'DtcsdefrSm udk,fhudk,fudk rjrifawmh 'um? 'umrawGtem; a>rayG;wpfaumifa&muf aew,f/ uJ

jrifyghrvm;/ (rjrifygbl;)/ rjrifwufeif;&if eif;rSmyJ/ rjrif&if (wufeif;rSmyg)/ wufeif;&if a>rayG;u b,fvdkenf;eJYrS

oufomay;rSm r[kwfygbl;/ udkufrSmygyJ/ 'D udkufvdkufvdkY tudkufcH&&if 'um? 'umrawG oufom yghrvm;/

(roufomygbl;bk&m;) aojcif;qdk; aovdrfhr,faygh/ 'Dawmh 'Dvdkaojcif;qdk; aowJhb0rsdK;eJY BuHK&wmu jrifvkdYvm;/

rjrifvdkYvm;? (rjrifvdkYygbk&m;)/ rjrifwm wjcm;aMumifhvm;? arSmifvdkYvm;/ (arSmifvdkYyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D arSmifw,fqdkwm

Oyrmay;a[m aewm/ b,folYajymwmygvdrfh/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/

bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG wpfoufvHk; wpfoHo&mvHk; tJ'Dvdk tarSmifxkBuD; usvmcJhvdkY taoqdk;

aocJh&w,fvdkY oabmxm;yg/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fhtem;rSm &efola&mufaewm udk,fhudk,fudk

a>rBuD;a&mufaewmudk rjrifwJhtwGufaMumifh trSwfwrJh oGm;eif;rdwJhtwGuf tJ'DvdkrsdK; 'ku©awGeJYMuHKcJh&wJhb0awGu

ra&Edkifbl;aygh/ tJ'g b,folUowåd (t0dZÆmowåd)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'DawmhrjrifwJh tcgusawmh vdkcsifwmawG

rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/

tzH k;ig;zH k;tzH k;ig;zH k;tzH k;ig;zH k;tzH k;ig;zH k;tzH k;ig;zH k;

tJ'Dawmh rjrifwmu t0dZÆm? vdkcsifwmu (wPSm)? pGJvef;wmu (Oyg'gef)? aqmif&Gufwmu (ur®b0)?

ur®b0 ypö,m (Zmwd)/ tdk-b0wdkif;? b0wdkif;rSm aojcif;qdk; aocJh&wmygyJ/ 'g y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JUoabm oGm;/

&Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ 'Dawmh tJ'Davmuf arSmifae&wJh tarSmifxkBuD;udk **Fg0gVK oJpkru bk&m;awGudk

a&SmifcJhwJh tarSmifonf b,ftarSmifvJ/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmtarSmif/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'gudk bkef;BuD;wkdY

oifwef;q&mrsm;u t0dZÆmudk bkef;BuD;wdkY aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u tarSmifig;pif; tvif;ig;csufeJY

a[mxm;cJhygw,f/ 'DaeY 'Doifwef;av;pr,faemf/ tarSmif ig;pif;? tvif; ig;csufqdkwJh w&m;rSm

- OyrmqdkMuygpkdY? a[m'D cGufteDav;aygh/ 'DcGufteDav;udk a,m*DwdkY tckvdkMunfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmh a,m*DwdkY

rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ jrifw,f/ tu,fvdkY tJ'DcGufteDav;udk 'Dvdk zHk;xm;vkdU&Sd&if jrifyghOD;rvm;/

(rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ rjrif awmhbl;/ 'Dawmh zHk;xm;w,fqdkwm wjcm;eJUwlwm r[kwfbl;/ t0dZÆmeJU wlwm/

zHk;xm;wm bmeJUwlygvdrfh/ (t0dZÆmeJY wlygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'DvdkcGufeJUwlwJh t0dZÆmu zHk;xm;awmh twGif;xJrSm&SdwJh

t&mudk jrifyghOD;rvm;/ (rjrifygbll;bk&m;)/ 'DawmhrS bkef;BuD;wdkY q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u rdefYoGm;wmu

tJ'Dawmh twGif;xJu &SdwJht&mudk trSeftwdkif; rjrifwJhtcgusawmh ab;uvlu ajym&if olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;

vrf;qHk;oGm;wmygyJ/ olrsm; yg;pyfzsm; vrf;qHk;w,f qdkwmu [m - a[m'DxJrSma[h ywåjrm;wHk;BuD;&Sdw,f

ponfjzifh ajymr,f/ udk,frodbl;qdkawmh olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;qHk;awmh 'um? 'umrawG r,Hkbl;vm;/ (,Hkygw,f)/

,Hkw,fqdkwm jrifvdkY ,Hkwmvm;/ rjrifvdkY ,Hkwmvm;/ (rjrifvdkY,Hkwmygbk&m;)/ udk,fwkdifudk,fus rjrifawmh?

olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;qHk;awmh yw åjrm;qdk ywåjrm;BuD;yJ atmufarhvkduf wmaygh/ okdYaomfvnf; ukd,fwkdifudk,fus

wu,fawmh[m - cifAsm;ajymwm usKyfr,Hkbl;/ udk,fudk,fwdkifjrifrS ,Hkr,f? zGifhudkMunfhOD;r,fqdkawmh

zGifhMunfhvdkufawmh ywåjrm;awGUwmvm;? cGufteDawGwmvm;/ (cGufteD awGUwmygbk&m;)/ [m-cifAsm;-ywåjrm;eJYawmh

qifaumif;qifr,f/ 'gayrJh - ywåjrm;r[kwfbl;/ 'DrSm cGufBuD;/ olrsm;ajym wmvm;/ udk,fwkdifukd,fus jrifwmvm;/

(udk,fwkdifukd,fus jrifwmygbk&m;)/

okdYjzifh tJ'Dvdk udk,fwkdfifudk,fus jrifwmu 0dZÆmÓmPf/ udk,fwkdif ukd,fus jrifwmu (0dZÆmÓmPfygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh t0dZÆm&,f? 0dZÆm&,f ESpfrsdK;&Sdw,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh - wpfoufvHk;? wpfoHo&mvHk;? bkef;BuD;wdkY

64


olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;qHk;cJhwmu bmtkyfxm;vdkYvJ/ (t0dZÆmtkyfxm; vdkYygbk&m;)/ b,favmufaMumufp&maumif;vJ?

'um? 'umrawG/ tif; - vlcsrf;omuG? ewfcsrf;omuG? jA[®mcsrf;omuG? [kwfvm;? tr,fav;

ewfcsrf;omqdk&if b,fvdkta&mifawG bmawGeJY zdwfzdwf awmufw,fqdkawmh udk,fvnf; odwmr[kwfbl;/

a[m - w&m;enf;enf; eufoGm;NyDaemf/ w&m;enf;enf;eufoGm;NyD? a,m*DwdkY em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifyg? [kwfvm;/

tJ'Dawmh 'gudk opömrsufpdeJYwyfMunfhwJh tcgusawmh tJ'gudk vufcH&rSm r[kwfbl;/ olrsm;ajymwmudk vufcH&rSmvm;?

udk,fwkdifjrifwmudk vufcH&rSmvm;/ (udk,fwkdifjrifwmudk vufcH&rSmygbk&m;)/

odk Yjzifh ,ckajymaewJh y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;? opömw&m;awG[m olrsm;yg;pyfzsm; vrf;qHk;wmvm;?

udk,fwkdifjrifwJhw&m;awGvm;/ (udk,fwdkifjrifwJhw&m;awGygbk&m;)/ udk,fwdkifjrifEdkifatmif enf;vrf;ay;ae wmygyJ/

&Sif;NyDaemf/ odkYjzifh udk,fwdkifjrifEdkifatmif a[m'DrSm zHk;xm;wJh tzHk;udk 'Dtwdkif;xm;&rSmvm;? zGifhypf&rSmvm;/

(zGifhypf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'DtzHk;u b,favmufxd&SdovJqdkvdkY&Sd&if wpfxyfwnf;awmif r[kwfbl;? ig;xyf

xyfxm;w,fwJh/ b,fESpfxyf? (ig;xyfygbk&m;)/ tck - bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DawG wpfoufvHk; wpfoHo&mvHk;u

'DtzHk; ig;zHk; tzHk;cH&wmvdkY rSwfvdkufyg/ wpfzHk;xJawmifrS txJrSm bm&SdovJrjrif&if ig;zHk; zHk;xm;&if jrifEdkifyghOD;rvm;/

(rjrifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ odkYjzifh&if tJ'Dvdk tzHk;cHxm;wJh b0awGu vufcsdK;a&vdkY &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;?

b,favmufxd r&ovJ qdkvdkU&Sd&if jrwfpGmbk&m;vnf; a[mxm;wmaemf/ bk&m;wpfql wpfqleJUtMum;rSm

t½dk; 13-rkdifavmuf wufw,fwJh/ a[m'DtzHk; zHk;cH&vdkY wufwm/ taoawG rukefEdkifvdkYayghaemf/ vljzpfvnf;ao?

ewfjzpfvnf; ao? jA[®mjzpfvnf;ao? acG;jzpfvnf;ao? 0ufjzpfvnf;ao? i&Jusvnf; ao? trsdK;rsdK;aocJhwJh

taoawG[m wpfb0eJYwpfb0 a&Edkif&JUvm;/ (ra&Edkifygbl;)/ ra&EdkifvdkY taoawG? ra&EdkifvdkY t½dk; 13-

rdkifavmuf wufw,fwJh/ tJ'Dvdk 13-rdkifavmuf wufavmufatmif t½dk;awGeJY taoqdk;aocJhwm tzHk;b,fESpfzHk;

zHk;cH&vdkYvJ/ (ig;zHk;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'DtzHk;qdkwm wjcm;ajymwmvm;? t0dZÆmajymwmvm;/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆm

ig;xyfudk tzHk;cHxm;&wJhtwGuf bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrwdkY taoqdk;aocJh&wmyg/ ,aeY tifrwef

r[muHxl;&SifawG jzpfw,fvdkY bkef;BuD;xyfwvJvJ ajymaewm[m 'DtzHk;udku bk&m;wpfql wpfql yGifhrS zGifhEdkifwm/

tzHk;udk b,folzGifhEdkfifvJ/ (bk&m;wpfql wpfqlyGifhrS zGifhEdkifwmyg)/ 'Dawmh **Fg0gVK oJpkru bk&m;awG[m

'DtzHk;awGudk tukefzGifhzGifhoGm;wm/ odkYaomf udk,feJYudk,f rtyfpyfvdkY a&Smifajy;aevdkY 'DtzHk;ryGifhwmaygh/ a[m-

tck ,aeY jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; r&Sdaomfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemrSm 'um? 'umrawG vlvmNyD;

rjzpf&bl;vm;/ (jzpf&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh vlvmjzpfvkdY 'DtzHk;udkrS rzGifh&if bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG

vljzpfwm tvum;jzpfwmyJ/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; [kwfvm;/ 'um<u,f - OD;vSbl;wkdY cifAsm;wkdY touf 60?

70? 80 awGjzpfaewm/ tvum; toufBuD;aewm? qefBuD;BuD;aewm a[m'D tzHk;rzGifhvdkU/

okdYjzifh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG ,aeY y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oem eJY 0dZÆmÓmPfomr&&if tzHk;zHk;NyD;om;

rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ tJ'Dvdkqdk&if qefBuD; BuD;wJhtxJ rygbl;vm;/ (ygygw,fbk&m;)/ tifrwef tckbkef;uH

xl;w,fqdkwm qefBuD;BuD;wJh txJu vGwfatmif wjcm;vkyf&rSmvm;? tzHk;awG zGifh&rSmvm;? (tzHk;awGzGifh&rSmygbk&m;)/

tzHk;awG zGifhvdkuf&iftxJrSm bmqdkwm a,m*DwdkY aoaocsmcsm rjrifEdkifbl;vm;/ (jrifEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk

udkf,fwkdif udk,fus jrifwmonf olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;rqHk;awmhbl;/ tJ'DÓmPfonf wjcm;ÓmPfvm;? 0dZÆmÓmPfvm;/

(0dZÆmÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ'D0dZÆmÓmPf&&if edAÁmefonf 'kdif;ueJ a,m*DwkdY jrif&NyD/ 0dZÆmÓmPf&&if bmudk jrif&r,f/

(edAÁmefudk jrif&rSmygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if ,aeYAk'¨bmom0if olawmfpifawG bk&m;wnfNyD; qkawmif;aewm edAÁmef/ ausmif;aqmufNyD;

qkawmif;aewm (edAÁmef)/ &SifjyK&[ef;cHvkyfNyD; qkawmif;aewm (edAÁmef)/ tdk-avmurSm &SdorQ ukodkvfaumif;rIawG

vkyf vkyfNyD; qkawmif;aewm bmygvdrfh/ (edA Ámefyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if edAÁmefudk jrifEdkifzdkYu wjcm;ÓmPf&

&rSmvm;? 0dZÆmÓmPf &&rSmvm;/ (0dZÆmÓmPf& &rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ajrjyifuae aumif;uifxdatmif

65


'geawGjyKa[m'Dvdk tzHk;zHk;xm;vdkY&Sd&if edAÁmefudk jrifEdkifyghrvm;/ (rjrifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ a[m-a,m*DwkdY ,aeY

a[m'DtzHk;udk om zGifhvkduf&if vdkcsifwJhqk wpfoufvHk; wpfoHo&mvHk;u awmif;vmwJh qku rjynfhEdkifbl;vm;/

(jynfhEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/ at;-tJ'gaMumifh ,aeY y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;udk em;vnf&if rdrdwdkY qkawmif; jynfhNyDvdkY

0rf;omprf;yg/ bkef;BuD;u tom;vGwf csD;rGrf;ajymaewm r[kwfbl;aemf/ aumif;NyD-'Dawmh ,aeY a,m*DwkdY

tzHk;u b,fESpfzH k; tzHk;cH&vJ/ (ig;zH k;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ig;zH k;udk ,aeYzGif hvkd Y yGif hoGm;&if NyD;oGm;ygNyD/

b,favmuf0rf;omp&m aumif;vJ/ tzHk;ig;zHk;zGifhNyD;vdkU&Sd&if wjcm;ay:rSmvm;? edAÁmefay:rSmvm;/ (edAÁmefay:rSmygbk&m;)/

[m-ukd,fawmf tajymBuD;vScsnfhvm;qkdvdkU&Sd&if udk,fawmfpum;udk 'um? 'umrawG vrf;rqHk;eJY?

vufawGUtvkyfvkyfMunfhprf;yg/ vufawGU tvkyfvkyfEdkifzkdY enf;vrf;? pnf;urf;udk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; Oyedó,

twkdif; aus;Zl;qyfr,faemf/ uJ-'Dawmh tzHk;u b,fESpfzHk; (ig;zHk;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dig;zHk;u bmvJvdkYqdkwmudk pr,faemf/

oifwef;u uJ-vkdufqkdMu/ eHygwf (1) tzHk;u --- ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf

eHygwf (2) u emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf

eHygwf (3) u ypö,y&d*¾[ÓmPf?

eHygwf (4) u vu©PÓmPf?

eHygwf (5) u r*fÓmPf?

'Dvdkjzifh&if t0dZÆmqdkwmuawmh tzHk; 5-zHk;tkyfxm;wJh oabm/ 0dZÆmqdkwmu odoifhwJhw&m;awG odoGm;&if

wjcm;ÓmPf&wmvm;? 0dZÆmÓmPf&wmvm;/ (0dZÆmÓmPf&wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if a,m*DwkdY ÓmPfb,fESpfÓmPf

&&r,f/ (ig;ÓmPfygbk&m;)/

tJ'gudk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; w&m;acgif;pOfay;xm;wmu tarSmifig;pif; tvif;ig;csuf/ q&mawmfay;xm;wJh

emrnfu bmwJhvJ/ (tarSmifig;pif; tvif;ig;csuf ygbk&m;)/ bk&m;tvdkawmfustwkdif; aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

a[moGm;wmaemf/ bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG tifrwefuHxl;vkdY 'Dw&m;rsdK;em&w,fvdkY rSwfaemf/ okdYaomf

pmayusrf;*efrSm olY[meJUolawmh &Sdygw,f/ bk&m;a[mxm;wm r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ ]]pmum;rSef\/ ÓmPfrrD?

xda&mufol rod}}qdkwJh pum;vdk? pmawmh pmxJ&SdaewmyJ? ukd,frS r,lwwfwmyJ/ pmt&Sdtwkdif;om ,lwwf&if

tukef&[EÅmawG jzpfukefrSm/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ wpfa,mufrS tyg,fusrSm &SdrSm r[kwfbl;/ pmxJrSm&SdwJh

a'oempOfawGudk cE ¨mxJta&muf ydkYEdkifwmu wjcm;uydkYwmvm;? q&morm;u ydkYwmvm;/ (q&morm;u

ydkYay;wmygbk&m;)/ tck bkef;BuD;wdkY uHaumif;w,fqdkwm q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;\ w&m;awGudk ,ckemcGifh&wmyg/

&Sif;NyDaemf/ tck ÓmPf b,fESÓmPfudk oifaewmvJ/ (ig;ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ uJ-uJ 'gtvGwf& oGm;atmif qdkMunfh/

a,m*Dopfrsm;twGufaemf/

(1) ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf?

(2) emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf?

(3) ypö, y&d*¾[ÓmPf?

(4) vu©PÓmPf?

(5) r*fÓmPf/

ÓmPfb,fESÓmPfvJ/ (ig;ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ-tJ'guawmh wpfcgwnf; tvGwfudk &ae&r,f/ tcsdefra&G;

jyefpOf;pm;vdkuf&if a'guf a'guf a'guf 'Dvkdjzpfae&r,f--aemf/ tJ'gu usufxm;&rSm/ tJ-'Dawmh 'um?

'umrawG wynfhawmfwkdYu touft&G,fu BuD;NyD? ÓmPfu xdkif;NyD? r&bl;/ aps;rqpfeJY? 'gawmh aps;qpfvdkYr&bl;/

'Dxufbkef;BuD;avQmhaps; ay;&if tvum; jzpfoGm;rSmaygh/ r&vkdYjzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/ r&vkdYrjzpfbl;qkdawmh

tcka,m*Dvnf; ig;&meD;yg;avmuf&Sdw,f/ wpfa,mufcsif;ukd ppfrSjzpfr,f/ wpfa,mufcsif; ppf&rSm/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh

66


bkef;BuD;wkdY 'Davmuf tyifyef;cHNyD; a[mxm;wmyJAsm/ r&bJeJU tdrf rjyef&bl;? [kwfvm;/ tif;-cufNyD/ r&bJ

tdrfjyefvTwfvdkY rjzpfbl;av/ tJawmh &NyDqdkrS wpfa,mufcsif;ppfNyD; awmhrSudk a,m*DwdkY tdrfjyefcdkif;r,f/

raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tif;-aemufzufu toHenf; enf;wkd;oGm;w,f? aemufzufuawmh

toHenf;enf;wdk;oGm;NyD/ tvG,f us,frSwfaemf/ ÓmPfb,fESpfÓmPf/ (ig;ÓmPfyg)/ 'Dawmh ur®óuwm

or®m'd|dÓmPfqdkwm 'ga,m*Da[mif;awGvnf; xyfwvJvJ *½kpkdufygaemf? a,m*DopfawGtwGufvnf; OD;pm;ay;NyD;

ajym&w,f? [kwfvm;/

ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfqdkwmu uHESifh tusdK;ay;udk ,HkMunfaomÓmPf/ uHESifhtusdK;ay;udk

,HkMunfaomÓmPf/ qdkvdkufyg/ (uHESifhtusdK;ay;udk,HkMunfaomÓmPf)/ pmvdk b,fvdkac:vJ/ (ur®óuwm

or®m'd|dÓmPf)/ jrefrmvkdu (uHESifhtusdK;ay;udk ,HkMunfaomÓmPf)/ a&SUwpfyd k' foGm;r,f/ emr½ly

y&dapä'ÓmPf/ qdkprf;yg/ (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf)/ emrfESifh½kyfudk ydkif;jcm; odaomÓmPf/ (emrfESifh½kyfudk

ydkif;jcm;odaomÓmPf)/ uJ-pmvdkajym? (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf)/ jrefrmvdku (emrfESifh½kyfudkykdif;jcm;odaomÓmPf)/

eHygwfwpfjyefqdkyg/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dOmPf)/ jrefrmvdku (uHESifhtusdK;ay;udk ,HkMunfaomÓmPf)/ eHygwfESpfu

(emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf)/ jrefrmvdku (emrfESifh½kyfudk ydkif;jcm; odaomÓmPf)/

eHygwfoHk;u ypö, y&d*¾[ÓmPf/ bmygvdrfh/ (ypö, y&d*¾[ÓmPf)/ 'Dawmh ypö, y&d*¾[ÓmPf qdku

taMumif;udk odrf;qnf;odaomÓmPf? tusdK;udk odrf;qnf;odaomÓmPf/ qkdprf;yg/ (taMumif;udk odrf;qnf;

odaomÓmPf? tusdK;udk odrf;qnf;od aomÓmPf)/ tJ'gbmÓmPfac:vJ/ (ypö,y&d*¾[ÓmPf)/ jrefrmvdku (taMumif;udk

odrf;qnf;odaomÓmPf? tusdK;udk odrf;qnf;odaomÓmPf)/ tJ'gwGJNyD;ajym&if (taMumif;tusdK;udk

odrf;qnf;odaomÓmPf)/ pmvdku (ypö,y&d*¾[ÓmPf)/ jrefrmvdku (taMumif;tusdK;udk odrf;qnf;od aomÓmPf)/

[kwfNyD-'DawmheHygwfav;u vu©PÓmPf? bmÓmPfygvdrfh/ (vu©PÓmPfygbk&m;)/ vu©PÓmPfqdkawmh

olu enf;enf;wpfqifhcsif; wpfqifhcsif;&Sif;&r,f/ vu©PmvdkY ajymvkdufwmeJY a,m*DwdkYu em;vnf oGm;NyD/

b,fvdk em;vnfwmvJ qkdawmh aA'ifq&m? vu©Pmq&m tJ'gem;vnfwmyJ/ vu©Pm qkdwmeJU a[m-

vu©Pmav; oGm;jyr,f/ tm,ku b,fvkd? bmu b,fvkd? ESvkH;vrf;aMumif;ub,fvkd? arwåm vrf;aMumif;u

b,fvkd b,fhES,fnmhES,fawGayghaemf/ okdUaomf olU[meJUol [kwfygw,f/ rdrd&JUuHw&m;awG[m 'Day:rSm

rSwfaMumif;av;awG vmay: w,faygh/ 'g - avmuDynmaemf/

vu©Pmynmvu©Pmynmvu©Pmynmvu©Pmynmvu©Pmynm

tJ'Dawmh tck 'DrSmawmh jrefrmEkdifiHrSmusawmh vu©Pmqkdwm uawmh jrefrmEkdifiHrSm r&Sdbl;vm;/

'DtxJ bkef;BuD;wkdUa,m*DawG vu©PmrMunhfzl;wJhol r&Sdavmufygbl;/ tukefvkH;u Munhfzl;MurSmyg/ tif; -

Nidrfawmh NidrfoGm;NyD/ Munhfyg? tjypfrwifygbl;-aemf/ 0goemyg&if Munfh.. avhvmxm;/ oifxm;/ 'gu wwfaumif;wJh

twwfynmygyJ/ 'gayrJh edAÁmefra&mufwmbJ &Sdr,faygh - aemf/ edAÁmeftwGuf taxmuftyHh r&wmbJ &Sdr,f/

okdUaomf 'Dtwwfynmonf rwwfaumif;bl;vm;/ wwfaumif;w,f/ od'w¬ rif;om;zGm;wJhtcg usawmh [kdfrSmav

t&Sif aum@n ykP Öm; vufñSdK;wpfacsmif;axmifNyD; rajymbl;vm;/ bk&m;{uef jzpfr,fqkdNyD;awmh

vufñSdK;wpfacsmif;axmifNyD; rajymbl;vm;/ 'DynmawG aygh/ okdUaomf tJ'Dynmu edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; [kwf&JUvm;/

(r[kwfygbl;)/ r[kwfbl;/ okdUaomf 0goemyg&ifawmhoifxm;/ vu©Pmynmaemf/ okdUaomf jrefrmEkdifiHrSmawmh

vu©Pmynm oifwm/ ajcvu©Pmynmusawmh b,folrSroifbl;/ ajcvu©PmMunhfwmaum r&Sdbl;vm;/

bk&m;apmif; wef;rSm bmwkdUrSmvu©PmyJ qkdif;bkwfwyfw,f/ ajcvu©Pmawmh b,frSmrS wyfwmrawGUbl;/

'gayrJh [kdrSm bk&m;vufxuf ajcvu©Pm wwfw,f 'um? 'umrawG/ cke vu©Pmqkdwm rSwfaMumif;aemf/

vu©Pmqkdwm bmwJhvJ/ (rSwfaMumif;yg bk&m;)/ rSwfaMumif;/ vufusawmh vuf&JUrSwfaMumif;aygh/ ajcusawmh

67


ajcaxmuf&JUrSwfaMumif;/ vufrSmygwJh trSwftom; ta&;taMumif;av;awGus vuf&JUvu©Pm? Muufajcav;

awG? vkdif;av;awG? xD;½kd;ac: ur®vrf;aMumif;awG? 'gawGukd vu©PmvkdU ac:wm/ ajcrSmygawmh ajc&JUvu©Pmaygh/

ajccPmr[kwfbl;/ ajcaxmufrSm ygwJhvu©Pm/ ajcrSmygwJhtrSwftom;? Oyrm - jrwfpGmbk&m;usawmh

vSHrvSHuefwkdU? ykHawmif;wkdU? BudK;Mum½kyfwkdU 108-uGuf&Sdw,f/ wpf&mh&SpfuGuf pufvu©Pm qkdwm/

tJawmh ajcvu©PmeJUywfoufNyD; bkef;BuD;u A[kokwuav; ajymvkdufygtkH;r,f/ [kwfvm;/ rm*@D

ykPÖm;BuD;ZeD;armifESH&Sdw,f/ b,folvJ/ (rm*@D ykPÖm;BuD;ZeD;armifESHyg)/ rm*@D ykPÖm;BuD;wkdUu orD;wpfa,muf

arG;xm;w,f/ tJ'D rm*@D ZeD;armifESHykPÖm;BuD;? ykaPÖ;rBuD;wkdU orD;[m tifrwefacsm? tifrwefvSw,f/

rdbwkdU0wå&m; twkdif; olUwkdUrSm wpfaeUwpfaeU tvkyfrsm;w,f/ orD;eJUywfoufNyD; tvkyfrsm;w,f/ bmvkdUqkd

om;ruf&Sm&wmukd;/ tzkd;BuD; tzGm;BuD; tvkyfuaemf/ bm&SmwmvJ/ (om;ruf&Sm&wmyg bk&m;)/ tif; -

'gawmh rdbarwåmukd;/ om;rufaumif;aumif; &apcsif wmukd;/ udk,fhorD;ukd auR;arG;r,f/ apmifha&Smufr,f

pojzifhaygh/ wpfaeU wpfaeU om;rufaumif; aumif;yJ olwkdU&zkdU&Smaewm? &Sm&if; &Sm&if;eJU rawGUEkdifbl;/ tJ'geJU

wpfaeU vnf;usa&m 'DrSm ajc&mwpfck oGm;awGUw,f/ ajc&mvnf; awGUua&m ykPÖm;BuD;u ajcvu©Pmwwfwmudk;/

cke rSwfaMumif;wwfwmukd ajymcsif vkdUyg/ tJ'Dajc&mukd awGUvnf;awGUa&m tm;&0rf;omeJU &Sifra& vma[h

vma[hwJh? 'DrSmom;rufavmif;awGUNyDwJh/ a[m - ykPÖm;BuD;uaemf/ tJ'Dajc&mukd MunhfNyD;ajymaewm/ vljrifwmvm;/

ajc&mMunhfwmvm;/ (ajc&mMunhfwmyg)/ ajcaxmuft&mukd Munhf NyD;ajymaewm/ [kdrSm ajc&mrSm

vu©Pmta&;taMumif;awG usef&pfcJh wmukd;/ tJ'Dawmh ykaPÖ;rBuD;u MunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh [m - ykP Öm;

BuD;wJh arQmfvifhcsufr&Sdbl;wJh/ ykaPÖ;rBuD;u bmajymvJ/ rarQmfeJUwJh/ ykPÖm;BuD;xuf ykaPÖ;rBuD;u ynmydkw,faygh/

'Dajcvu©Pmu a,mufsm;jrwfwdkU&JU ajcvu©Pmqkdwm ray:bl;vm;/ okdUaomf ykaPÖ;rBuD;u olUxuf ynmomawmh

tmoa0g uif;pifxm;wJh ajc&mjzpfwJhtwGuf &SifhorD;twGuf arQmfvifhcsufr&Sdbl;wJh/ 'Dvkd ajymvkdufw,f/

tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'D rm*@Drdom;pkudk cRwfzkdUtwGuf ajcawmf&mcsay;cJhw,f qkdwJh t"dyÜm,fayghaemf/

uJ - 'geJUxm;? awmfMum Zmwfvrf;awG odyfrsm; oGm;r,f/'Dawmh ajcaxmufrSmvnf; olUrSwfaMumif; av;awG

r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ rSwfaMumif;awG&Sdw,f/ vufrSmvnf; rSwfaMumif; av;awG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/

tJ'gu bkef;BuD;wkdU A[kokw ajymwmyg/ ,ckajymcsifwJhrSwfaMumif;qkdwmu ½kyf\rSwfaMumif;? emrf\rSwfaMumif;/

bmwJhvJ/ (½kyf\rSwfaMumif;? emrf\rSwfaMumif;)/ 'Dawmh wcsdKUpmpum;eJU t&yfpum; wGJwJhtcgrSm awmfawmf

owdxm;wGJ&w,f aemf/ rSwfaMumif;qkdwm bkef;BuD;wkdU vu©PmvkdU ajymwmaemf/ vu©Pmukd bmac:vJ/

rSwfaMumif;/ vu©PmqkdwJhpum;ukd jrefrmvkdjyefawmh rSwfaMumif; rSwfp&m/ tJawmh - bmrSwfaMumif;vJqkdawmh

½kyf\rSwfaMumif;? emrf\rSwfaMumif; qkdawmh ykd½IyfoGm;a&m/ jrefrmpum;[m tcsdKUae&mawGrSm ykdykd½IyfoGm;w,faygh/

'DawmhrS ,aeU rdrdeJUqDavsmfwJhpum;vkH;eJU t"dyÜm,fukd ,lvkdufwJh tcg usawmh ½kyf\rjrJjcif;tedpövu©Pm?

qif;&Jjcif;'ku©vu©Pm? tESpftom;r&Sdjcif;tew åvu©Pmukd vu©PÓmPf vkdUajymwm/ ½kyfrSm tedpö? 'ku©?

tewå r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ½kyf\ tedpö? 'ku©? tew å oabmvu©Pm/ tJ'gukd bmvJ/

(vu©PmÓmPf)/

NyD;awmhrS emrf\ tedpö? 'ku©? tew å oabmvu©Pm tJ'gu vu©PÓmPf/ vu©PÓmPfqkdonfrSm ½kyfemrf\

tedpö? 'ku©? tewåukd rSwfom;xm;aom oabmvu©PmukdodwJhÓmPf/ tJ'Dawmh pum;vkH;u omtrsm;BuD;ajymayrJh

a,m*DwkdU enf;enf; ajymvkdufwmeJU 'g oabmayguf oGm;NyDaygh/ [kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh vu©PÓmPfqkdonfrSm

½kyfemrf\tedpö? 'ku©? tewåukd odwJhÓmPfvkdU rSwfvkdufawmh-aemf/ [kwfNyD/ 'gqkd oabmaygufoGm;NyD/ [kwfvm;/

68


bk&m;yGif hr Sod&w,fbk&m;yGif hr Sod&w,fbk&m;yGif hr Sod&w,fbk&m;yGif hr Sod&w,fbk&m;yGif hr Sod&w,f

[kdrSm r*fÓmPf qkdwmuawmh avmukwå&m r*fÓmPfxm;vkdufaemf/ tck 'Dae&m ÓmPf-b,fESÓmPf/

(ig;ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/ ig;ÓmPfjzpfoGm;NyD/ eHygwpf - ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf?

eHygwfESpf - emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf?

eHygwfokH; - ypö,y&d*¾[ÓmPf?

eHygwfav; - vu©PÓmPf?

eHygwfig; - r*fÓmPf

'Dawmh - a,m*DwkdU 'fDaeU 'Dy#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;oifwm wjcm; &zkdUvm;? ÓmPf&zkdUvm;/ (ÓmPf&zkdUyg

bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdU vlewfrsm;pGm owå0gwkdU jzpfvm&rIr[kwf[k ÓmPfjzifh ½IíarQmfwJh/ ÓmPfr&rcsif; oHo&m

uae b,fawmhrS rvGwfbl;/ tJ'DÓmPfqkdwmu bk&m;wpfql wpfql yGifhrSmomvQif bk&m;yGifhwJhtcgrS od&wJhw&m;ukd

a[m - 'DuaeY a,m*DwkdU 'DÓmPfawG rod&bl;vm;/ (od&ygw,f) tJ'g bk&m;yGifhovdkygyJ/ b,favmuf

0rf;omp&m aumif;ovJ . . aemf/

tJ'DÓmPfig;ÓmPfwGif eHygwfwpf bmÓmPfygvdrfh/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf)/ [kwfNyD/ NyD;awmh

a&pufcswJhtcgrSm ygw,f r[kwfvm;/ ur®Íö ur®zvÍö qkdNyD;awmh rvmbl;vm;/ ur®Íö-uHudkvnf;aumif;?

ur®zvÍö-uH\tusdK;ukdvnf;aumif;? o'¨[dwGm-,kHMunfygukefonf jzpfíqkdawmh q&mawmfawG ygVdeJU

jrefrmteufuav;tp wGJwGJ wGJwGJNyD; a&pufcswmu em;&nf0aeMuygNyD/ uHukdvnf;aumif;? uH\tusdK;ukd

vnf;aumif; ,kHMunfygukefonfjzpfí qkdawmh bmvkyfwmvJvkdUqkdawmh bk&m;wnfr,f? ausmif;aqmufr,f?

qGrf;uyfr,f? ouFef;vSLr,f? yef;vSLr,f pojzifh 'um? 'umrawG ukokdvfaumif;rIawG rvkyfbl;vm;/ (vkyfygw,f)/

tJ'Dvkd ukodkfvfaumif;rIawGvkyfwmu uHESifhbmudk ,kHMunfwmvJ/ (uHESifhtusdK;ay;ukd ,kHMunfwmyg bk&m;)/

&Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ 'Dawmh uHESifhtusdK;ay;ukd,kHMunfwJÓmPfukd bmÓmPfac:/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ur®óuwm or®m'd|d ÓmPf[m bkef;BuD;wkdU wpf&uf ESpf&uf 'Dvkdtus,fw0ifh &Sif;ay;yghr,f -

aemf/ ,aeUuawmh p½kHyJ pEkdifygw,f/

uHoH k;yg;uHoH k;yg;uHoH k;yg;uHoH k;yg;uHoH k;yg;

tJ'Dawmh ur®ó uwm or®m'd|dÓmPf&JU ykHaoenf;u aumif;wm vkyfvQif aumif;wm jzpfr,f/

raumif; wmvkyfvQif raumif;wm jzpfr,f/ uHtaeeJU 'gav; rSwfvkduf&atmif/ ow å0gwkdif; owå0gwkdif;rSm

raemuH &,f? 0pDuH&,f? um,uH&,f r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ uHb,f ESpfrsdK;&Sd/ (okH;rsdK;yg)/ jyefajymyg/

(raemuH? 0pDuH? um,uH)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if aumif;wJhae&mrSmvnf; uHb,fESpfrsdK;&Sd/ (okH;rsdK;yg)/ (raemuH&,f?

0pDuH&,f? um,uH&,f)/ raumif;wJh ae&mrSmvnf; uHb,fESpfrsdK;/ (okH;rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ bm&,fvJ/ (raemuH&,f?

0pDuH&,f? um,uH7,f)/

uJ - ,aeU bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG ,aeU'gejyKw,f/ 'ge jyKwm raumif;wJhtvkyfvm;?

aumif;wJhtvkyfvm;/ (aumif;wJhtvkyfyg bk&m;)/ pdwfxJuae 'gejyKcsifaewmonf bmuHac:rvJ/ (raemuHyg

bk&m;)/ yg;pyfuaeNyD; ukd,fvSLwJhtvSLeJUywfoufNyD; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om ajymvkdUqkdvkdU wkdifyifwmu bmuHvJ/

(0pDuH)/ ukd,fwkdifukd,fus om[w¬du'ge ajrmufatmif vSL'gef;vkdufwmonf um,uH? bmuHvJ/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

raemuH? 0pDuH? um,uH/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'geeJUywfoufNyD; 'Dvkd uHajrmufoGm;wmonf raumif;uHvm;? aumif;uHvm;/

(aumif;uHyg bk&m;)/

'Dawmh ykHaoenf;rSwf&rSmu ]]aumif;wJhuHonf aumif;wJhtusdK; ay;onf}}/ 'Dvkdjzifh ygPmwdygwuH

usL;vGefw,fxm;/ jcifav;yJowfowf? yk&GufqdwfyJowfowf owfcsifwJhpdwfonf bmuHvJ/ (raemuH)/ yg;pyf

69


uae ajymvkdufwmu (0pDuH)/ ukd,fwkdifudk,fus ukd,fxdvufa&muf owfvkdufwmu (um,uH)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

tJ'DygPmwdygw qkdwJh tukokdvf wpfckukdusL;vGef&ifvnf;yJ raemuH&,f? 0pDuH&,f? um,uH&,f b,fESpf

rsdK;&vJ/ (okH;rsdK;yg bk&m;)/ okdUjzifh tJ'DuHonf raumif;uH? aumif;uH b,fESpfrsdK;yJcGJxGufvmvJ/ (ESpfrsdK;yg)/

raumif;uH&,f? aumif;uH&,f ESpfrsdK;/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if raumif;wJhuHu raumif;wJh tusdK;yJ ay;rSmyJ/ aumif;wJhuHu

(aumif;wJhtusdK;ay;rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gjzifh - 'gukd bkef;BuD;wkdU ykHaoenf;av; rSwfxm;&rSmu -

• aumif;wJhuHonf aumif;aomtusdK;ay;onf/

• raumif;wJhuHonf raumif;wJh tusdK;ay;onf/

tJ'gudk cke ykHaoenf;eJU ajymvkdufwJhtcgusawmh

• aumif;wmBuHvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmBuHvQif (raumif;wm jzpfrnf)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if aumif;wmu aumif;wJhtusdK;ay;/

raumif;wmu raumif;wJh tusdK;ay;/

• aumif;wmBuHvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ aumif;wmBuHvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

aumif;wmBuHvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ aumif;wmBuHvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

aumif;wmBuHvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmBuHvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmBuHvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmBuHvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmBuHvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmBuHvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

• aumif;wmajymvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ aumif;wmajymvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

aumif;wmajymvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ aumif;wmajymvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

aumif;wmajymvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmajymvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmajymvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmajymvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmajymvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmajymvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

• aumif;wmvkyfvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ aumif;wmvkyfvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

aumif;wmvkyfvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/ aumif;wmvkyfvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

aumif;wmvkyfvQif aumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmvkyfvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmvkyfvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmvkyfvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/ raumif;wmvkyfvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

raumif;wmvkyfvQif raumif;wmjzpfrnf/

'guawmh EIwfwkduf&aew,f/

tJ'gukd ,kHMunfwmu wjcm;vm;? ÓmPfvm;/ (ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ 'Dvk d jzif h&if tJ'DÓmPfonf

wjcm;ukd,kHMunfwmvm;? uHESifhtusdK;ay;ukd ,kHMunfwmvm;/ (uHESifhtusdK;ay;ukd ,kHMunfwmyg bk&m;)/ tJ -

uHESifh tusdK;ay;ukd ,kHMunfvQif pmvkdb,fvkdac: (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf yg bk&m;)/ uHomvQifrdrdOpöm&Sdw,fvkdU

,kHMunfwJhÓmPf/ 'DaeU 'DavmufeJUyJ cPauseyfygaemf/ aemufaeU 'DOpöm qufNyD;awmh bkef;BuD;wkdU awmuf

avQmuf&Sif;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f - [kwfvm;/

uJ - ,aeUawmh 'DavmufeJU ed*kH;csKyfNyD;wmh qkawmif;arwåmykdU vkdufMu&atmif/




70








tm;vHk;aom a,m*Dtaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkY ---

þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf &SdNyDvJ/ (4-&uf&SdygNyDbk&m;)/

,aeU 4-&ufajrmuf eHeuf y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef; w7m;yGJBuD;ygyJaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

y#dpöorkyÜg'frSvGwfaomw&m;r&S dy#dpöorkyÜg'frSvGwfaomw&m;r&S dy#dpöorkyÜg'frSvGwfaomw&m;r&S dy#dpöorkyÜg'frSvGwfaomw&m;r&S dy#dpöorkyÜg'frSvGwfaomw&m;r&S d

y#dpöorkyÜg'fvkdY ajymvkdufwmeJU aMomf - opömav;yg;yg vm;vkdU a,m*Drsm; em;vnfxm; NyD;jzpfaeygNyDaemf/

y#dpö orkyÜg'f qkdwmvnf; wjcm;w&m;vm;/ opömw&m; vm;/ (opömw&m;yg bk&m;)/ opömw&m; qkdwmvnf;

wjcm;w&m;vm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;vm;/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;yg bk&m;)/ avmurSm y#dpöorkyÜg'feJY vGwfaomw&m;[lí

r&Sdygbl;/ (rSefvSyg)/ ravhvmvkdUom rodwmayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f? y#dpöorkyÜg'feJU puf0kdif;jrifwmeJU

tvkdvkdukd wGefUaeMuwmyJ - [kwfvm;/ jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd 'um? 'umrawG puf0kdif;BuD; jrifwmeJY bmrSef;rodbl;

qkdwmrsdK;eJUukd wGefUqkwf wGefUqkwf aewmyJ/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlwJh twkdif; aus;Zl;&Sif

rkd;ukwf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ,ckvkd 'um? 'umrwkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU xHarSmufta&muf 'Dpuf0kdif;a'oemBuD;ukd

pD&ifNyD;awmh q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; aqmif&GufawmfrlvmcJhw,faemf/ tJ'gukd aoaocsmcsm avhvmvkdufpm;rI

vufxyfroifbJeJUem;vnfzkdU vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl; bk&m;)/ tifrwef cufeJeufeJwJh w&m;BuD;ayghaemf -

[kwfvm;/

taumif;qk H;aus;Zl;qyfenf;taumif;qk H;aus;Zl;qyfenf;taumif;qk H;aus;Zl;qyfenf;taumif;qk H;aus;Zl;qyfenf;taumif;qk H;aus;Zl;qyfenf;

'gaMumifh 'Dvkdw&m;qkdwm 'um? 'umrawG rvkyfvkdU tm;rxkwfvkdU r&bl;aemf/ pm;p&mr&Sd&if

aeoifhae&r,f/ 'Dw&m;tvkyf rvkyfvkdUrjzpfbl; qkdwm q&mawmfBuD; 'DavmufxdwkdufwGef;awmfrlxm;ygw,f/

ta&;rBuD;vkdUvm;? ta&;BuD;vkdUvm;/ (ta&;BuD;vkdUyg bk&m;)/ bmjzpfvkdUvJ qkdawmh ]]pwåma&m tyg,m

oua*[o'dom}}vkdU 'Dvkd a[mawmfrlwm ukd;/ a'oempOfuaemf/ ]]pwåma&m tyg,m oua*[o'dom}}

qkdwJh a'oemu opömrodwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ aejrJtdrfonf tyg,fav;yg;wJh/ 'Dpum;u bkef;BuD;wkdU Ak'bmom0if

olawmfpifawG tm;vkH;&SdwJh ow å0g awGtwGufrSm tcsKyfyJaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ opömrodwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ aejrJtdrf

onf bmygvJ/ (tyg,fav;yg;ygbk&m;)/ i&J? wd&pämef? Nydw åm? tol&um,f/ b,fESpfckvJ/ (av;ckyg bk&m;)/

,aeU txufwef;usus rsufESmyef;vSvSeJU olaX;BuD;jzpfayrJh aemufaeUaooGm;wJhtcgusawmh acG;BuD;jzpfw,fqkdwJh

pum;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'g wjcm;aMumifh vm;/ opöm rodvkdUvm;/ (opömrodvkdUygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

'um? 'umrawG opömodzkdUonf rdrdtwGuf ta&;tBuD;qkH;yJ aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

'gaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m; ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;u &SiftmeE´mukd rdefUawmf rlovkd cspfom; tmeE´m&,fwJh -

avmurSm ]]uwnKw uwa0'D}} qkdwm wpfOD;eJUwpfOD; wpfa,mufeJUwpfa,mufu aus;Zl;awG &Sd Muw,fwJh/

vlUb0 vlUavmuBuD;ukd vljzpfatmif auR;arG;apmifha&SmufvmwJhrdbawG [m rdrdtwGuf aus;Zl;r&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ pmxJrSm ]]jri;frkd&fawmif OD; ruusL;}} qkdNyD;awmh tifrwefaus;Zl;&SdwmyJ rdbawGaygh - aemf/

'Dvkdae 'Dvkdxkdif 'DvkdoGm; 'Dvkdpm; ponfjzihf avmurSm touf&Sif &yfwnfEkdifzkdU aewwf xkdifwwf pm;wwf

oGm;wwfatmif oifay;cJhw,f/ avmuDrSmvnf;yJ q&morm;awG aus;Zl;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ 'g -

71


avmuDayghaemf/ at; - ]]wpfvkwfpm;zl; olUaus;Zl;}} qkdwJtwkdif; rdrdukd EIwftm;jzifh vuftm;jzifh

ulnDapmifha&SmufcJhzl;wJh aus;Zl;awG 'um? 'umrawG arhvkdUr&bl;As/ aus;Zl;w&m;ukdarhvkdU aus;Zl;w&m;ukduef;

vkdU aus;Zl;ukdazmufzsuf&if ab;qkd;uyfqkd; jzpfwwfygw,f/ aus;Zl;w&m;ukd uef;vkdU aus;Zl;w&m;udk

azmufzsufvkdU&Sd&if a&epfaowmwkdU? a>rukduf aowmwkdU? rkd;BudK;ypfaowmwkdU? armfawmfum;wkdufaowmwkdU

pojzifh ab;qkd;uyfqkd;awG taoqkd;awG &ifqkdif&wwfw,fayghaemf/ 'Dawmh avmurSm aus;Zl;w&m;ukd rdrdwkdUu

'Dtwkdif; ae&rSmvm;? qyf&rSmvm;/ (qyf&rSmygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifukd,fawmfNrwfBuD;u rdefUw,f/ tmeE´mwJh tJ'D ukd,fhrdbawG aus;Zl;&Sdw,f?

aus;Zl;rqyfvkdUr&bl;/ aus;Zl;ukd jyefqyf&r,f/ udk,fhtm; nDtpfukd armifESr aqGrsdK;om;csif; tp&Sdojzifh

ukd,ftm;jzifh? EIwftm;jzifh? vuftm;jzifh csD;ajr§mufaxmufyHhwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd vnf; 'Dtwkdif; aus;Zl;w&m;ukd

xdefcsefxm;vkdU r&bl;/ aus;Zl;qyf&r,f wJh/ tJ'Dvkd aus;Zl;qyfwJhol avmurSm trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f - wJh/

okdUaomf tJ'Dvkd aus;Zl;qyfwmawGxJrSmwJh? taumif;qkH;aus;Zl;qyfenf;qkd&if cspfom; bmrSvkyfay;raeeJUwJh/

taumif;qkH;uawmh wjcm;wjcm;[mawG xuf opömodatmif vkyfay;ygwJh/ bmvkyfckdif;wmvJ/ (opömodatmif

tvkyfckdif;wmygbk&m;)/

'Dvk d jzif h&if aus;Zl;& S dwJ h rdbawGud k rdr daus;Zl;qyfcsi f&if bmod atmif vkyfay;&r,f/

(opömodatmifvkyfay;&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tcsif;csif; wpfOD;eJUwpfOD; aus;Zl;&SdMuwJh nDtpfukd armifESr

aqGrsdK; om;csif; rdwfaqGoli,fcsif; tp&Sdojzifh taygif;toif;tay:rSm aus;Zl;&Sdygw,f? arwåmxm;w,fqkdvkdU&Sd&if

bmodatmif vkyfay;&r,f/ (opömodatmif vkyfay;&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 'Dpum; bkef;BuD;u ajymvkdufawmh

aMomf - "r®uxduawG olwkdUvkdcsifwm olwkdUqGJajymw,fvkdU r,leJU/ bkef;BuD;pum;vkH;wpfvkH;rS rygbl;aemf/

jrwfpGmbk&m; ukd,fawmf jrwfBuD;u &SiftmeE´mukd wkduf½kdufrdefUawmfrlwmukd bkef;BuD;wkdUu 'um? 'umrawGukd

xyfqifhNyD;aus;Zl;jyKaewmvkdU ,lyg/

tJ'Dawmh - opömrodwJh yk*¾dKvfukd opömodatmif vkyfay;wm 'gtBuD;qkH; aus;Zl;qyfjcif;yJ qkdawmh

'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'Dpum;vkH;ukd rodwJhtcg usawmh 'Dyk*¾dKvfawmh ighaus;Zl;&Sdw,f/ odef;wpf&m ay;vkdufr,fuG/

odef;wpfaxmifay;vkdufr,fuG-[m-tifrwef 0rf;omp&m aumif;wmaygh/ aus;Zl;jyKwmaygh/ okdUaomf wu,fhwu,f

tJ'Daus;Zl;w&m;u jyK&m ra&mufbl;As/ jAKef;ceJ 'Dpum;BuD; wpfrsdK; jzpfr,faygh/ bkef;BuD;wkdUu "r®cGifeJU

"r®ykHaoenf;xJxnfhNyD; Munhfvkduf wJhtcgusawmh 'Dvkd odef;wpf&m? odef;wpfaxmifay;vkdufwmuaus;Zl;

qyf&mra&mufao;bl;/ aus;Zl; rJhwmawmh r[kwfbl;aemf/ okdUaomf jrwfpGmbk&m; tvkdustwkdif; aus;Zl; qyf&m

a&muf&JUvm;/ (ra&mufygbl; bk&m;)/ bmjzpfvkdU ra&mufvJ jyefar;&r,f/ bkef;BuD;jyefajzyghr,f/

Oyrm - vlwpfa,mufonf ightay:rSm aus;Zl;&Sdw,f? aus;Zl;&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfukd odef;wpf&myJ ay;vkdufr,f?

odef;wpfaxmifyJ ay;vkdufr,f/ bmyJ nmyJ 'DvkdulnDvkdufr,f qkdMuygpkdU/ tJ'D ypönf;ypö,awGay:rSm 'um?

'umrawG wG,fwmrI qkdwm rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f bk&m;)/ bkef;BuD;wkdY y#dpöorkyÜg'f okH;&ufausmfvmNyD?

av;&ufa&mufvmNyDaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ wG,fwmrIjzpfw,f? cifrifrIjzpfw,f/ 'Dypönf;Opömay:rSm wG,fwm&if

w&m;ukd,faumufawmh b,folvJ? wPSm/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f tv,faumifrSm wPSma&;xm;w,f/ 'gukd bkef;BuD;wkdU

tbd"r®meJU ajymawmh avmb/ 'Dvkdjzifh ukd,fuawmh aus;Zl;qyfvkdufwmyJ/ aus;Zl;qyf cH&wJhyk*¾dKvfu

olUrSmavmbjzpfNyDqkdawmh ukokdvfjzpfwmvm;/ tukokdvf jzpfwmvm;/ (tukokdvfjzpfwmygbk&m;)/ ukd,fhzmomukd,f

wpfjym;rS ray;bJae&if taumif;om;/ oGm;ay;vkdufwmeJU olUrSm tukokdvfjzpfukefNyD/ bmtukokdvfvJ/

(avmbtukokdvfygbk&m;)/ avmbwPSmtukokdvfaygh [kwfvm;/ avmbwPSmtukokdvfjzpfawmh 'Dyk*¾dKvf

bmjzpfoGm;rvJ qkdawmh avmbeJU aoawmh Nydwåmjynfaygh/ uJ-'Dawmh 'Daqmifyk'fav; ylaZmfMunhfygOD;/

avmbeJUao? NydwavmbeJUao? Nydw

avmbeJUao? NydwavmbeJUao? Nydw

avmbeJUao? Nydw åå åå åmjynf? a&mufav {uefom/mjynf? a&mufav {uefom/

mjynf? a&mufav {uefom/mjynf? a&mufav {uefom/

mjynf? a&mufav {uefom/

72


avmbeJYaoawmh b,fa&mufrvJ/ (Nydwåmjynfygbk&m;)/ tJ'gu bkef;BuD;wdkU a&SmifvkdUr&bl; aemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

avmupum;eJU aus;Zl;qyf w,f? aus;Zl;qyfw,f ajymaomfvnf;yJ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfukd wjcm;ykdUwmvm;/ Nydwåmjynfukd

ykdUwmvm;/ (NydwåmjynfykdUwmygbk&m;)/ wu,fvkdUrsm;om ukd,fh&JUaus;Zl;jyKrI[m olUtay:rSm rokH;pm;wwfvkdUrsm;

tJ'Day:rSm wG,fwmr,f? pGJvrf;r,f? cifrifaer,fqkd&if ao&ifb,fa&mufrvJ/ (Nydwåmjynf)/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf

ruRwfawmhbl;/ ruRwfawmhbl;/ tdrfem;rSm 0Jvnf 0JvnfeJU aemf/ ajcmufa[mwmvm;/ jzpfpOfudkfufvm;/

(jzpfpOfukdufyg)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'gaus;Zl;qyf&m a&muf&JUvm;/ (ra&mufygbl; bk&m;)/ ESdyfpuf ovkd jzpfoGm;wwfw,f/

odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/

'Dawmh - aumif;NyD? tJ'D yk*¾dKvfukd ukd,fu tJ'Dvkdaus;Zl;jyKvkdufwJh tcgusawmh cifrifwG,fwm rIawGtay:rSm

jzpfNyD;awmh 'DpD;yGm;Opöm&wem awGeJUyJ tvkdvkd £ómawG? rpä&d,awG tvkdruswmawGqkdwm jzpfrvm bl;vm;/

(jzpfvmygw,fbk&m;)/ ukd,fhypönf;rsm; olrsm;u ighukd b,fvkdrsm; vmxdawmhrvJ bmvJ nmvJ qkdawmh

'DMum;xJ tdyfraysmfawmhbl;As/ tdyfraysmfwm wjcm;vm;? aomuvm;/ (aomuyg bk&m;)/

' Dv k d jzi f h tJ' Dv k d aomuqk dwJ hw&m;uk d bke f ; Mu D ;u a'oempO f a[mwmayg h / uJ -

tm;vkH;w&m;emy&dowfBuD;u em;uw&m;em? ÓmPfu cE¨mvSnfhawmh tJ'Dvkd aomursm; rjzpfzl;bl;vm;/

(jzpfzl;ygw,f bk&m;)/ tif; - tdrfrSm pdefa&T&wemav;rsm; rsm;vm&if b,fxm;&rSef;rodbl;/ xm;zkdU t[kwfukd

ae&mr&Sdbl;/ bmjzpfaewmvJ/ (aomu jzpfaewmyg)/ a[m - ]]aomaumwd a'gaom}} vmNyD/ a'oemu

]]aomaumwd a'gaom}} qkdwmu aomuqkdwm a'goygyJqkdawmh a'goeJUaoawmh b,fa&mufrvJ/ (i&Jygbk&m;)/

uJ - 'DykHaoenf;av; qkdMunhfygOD;/

a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav{uefom/a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav{uefom/

a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav{uefom/a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav{uefom/

a'goeJUao i&Jjynf a&mufav{uefom/

uJ - ykHaoenf;xJxnfhvkdufawmh 'Dyk*¾dKvf b,foGm;awmhrvJ/ (i&Jjynfygbk&m;)/ olU[mol 'Dwkdif;ae

taumif;om;? oGm;ulnDvkduf umrS i&Jtkd;wef;qif;awmhwmyJ? rokH;pm;wwfwmayghaemf/ rokH;wwf &ifab;?

okH;wwf&ifaq; qkdwJhpum;vkd cke ulnDwmav;ukd bkef;BuD; ajymcsifaewmaemf/ tJ'DawmhrS ukd,fu ulnDrI

pD;yGm;Opöm &wemtay:rSm wpfcgwnf; ukd,fhukd,fukd pdwful;awG,OfNyD;awmh bmvkyfOD;r,f? bmukdif OD;r,f

r&SdMubl;vm;/ (&SdMuygw,fbk&m;)/ tif;? ukrÜPDqkdvnf; ukrÜPD? pD;yGm;a&;qkdvnf; pD;yGm;a&;aygh/

pdwful;awG,Ofvkdufwm/ wpfveJUvnf;rNyD;? wpfESpfeJUvnf;rNyD;? wpfoufvkH;aum NyD;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh

aooGm;wJhyk*¾dKvfawG rNyD;bJeJU acgif;xJ0if&wm a,m*DwkdU/ udpö0dpöawG pDrHaqmif&GufNyD;rSaooGm;wJhyk*¾dKvf

wpfa,mufrSr&Sdbl;/ tJ'gawG om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&; udpöt00 ajym&if; qkd&if; pDrH&if; aqmif&Guf&if;eJU

pDrHudef;wef;vef;BuD;eJUyJ b,f0ifoGm;wmvJ/ (acgif;xJ 0ifoGm;wmygbk&m;)/ acgif;xJ 0ifoGm;wm/

tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfonf odoifhwJhw&m;ukd odoGm;ovm;/ (odroGm;ygbl; bk&m;)/ rodoifhwmukd odw,f/ odoifhwmukd

rod? rodoifhwmukd od/ tJ'g b,folYowådvJ/ (t0dZÆm owådyg bk&m;)/ t0dZÆmqkdwm pmvkdajymwm/ rdrdwkdU\obm0eJU

[yfMunhfwJhtcgusawmh odoifh odxkdufwJh w&m;awGukd rodbl;? rodoihf rodxkdufwJhw&m;awGukdodw,f/ tJ'g

b,folvJ/ (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ [kwfNyD? tJ'Dawmh od&rJhw&m;u 'geb,fvkdjyK&rvJ/ oDvb,fvkd aqmufwnf&rvJ/

w&m;b,fvkdxkdif&rvJ - [kwfvm;/ oHo&m0#f uae uRwf&muRwfaMumif;tvkyfukd igwkdUb,fvkdvkyf&rvJ

qkdwm rod oifhwJh w&m;vm;? odoihfwJhw&m;vm;/ (odoifhwJhw&m;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'D odoihfwJhw&m;udk rodbJeJU

wpfaeUvmvnf; om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm; a&;? vlrIa&;? pm;a&;? aea&;? 0wfa&;? 'gawGu avmbawG?

a'goawG? ukd,fodaewJh w&m;awG? wu,fawmh rodoifhwJh w&m;awGyg/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ'Dawmh - rodoifhwmukd od? odoifhwmukd rod/ tJ'g b,folU owå d/ (t0dZÆm owådyg bk&m;)/

aemufqkH; t,kwfqkH;tm;jzifh 'um? 'umrawG ig - wpfaeUaoawmhrSmygvm;vkdU ukd,fhukd,fukd rpOf;pm;rdbl;

qkdvkd&Sd&ifvnf; b,folUow å d/ (t0dZÆm ow å dyg bk&m;)/ uJ - tm;vkH;aom aqGawmf rsdK;awmfawG

73


pOf;aumpOf;pm;rd&JUvm;/ (rpOf;pm;rdygbl; bk&m;) ig - aoawmhrvm;? aoawmhrvm;aemf/ tcsdKUu aMumufvkdU

pOf;ukd rpOf;pm;wm/ aojcif;w&m;ukd trav; rajymygeJU/ apmapmpD;pD; r*Fvm r&Sd - aemf/ wu,fhwu,fawmh

bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG&JU cEm[m &yfaewJhcEmvm;? taobufukdoGm;aewJh cEmvm;/ (taobufukd

oGm;aewJh cEmyg bk&m;)/ ausmif;0rSmqkdif;bkwfBuD; &Sdw,fav/ bma&; xm;wmvJ/ (igonf rkcsao&rnf/

tcsdefykdif;om vkdawmhonf)/ tif; - tJ'gav; owdxm;yg/ ukd,hfukd,fukd odyfNyD;awmh trSwfawGvnf; vGwf

raeeJUOD; [kwfvm;/ aojcif;w&m;qkdwmu wu,fawmh rod&r,fhw&m; vm;? od&r,fh w&m;vm;/

(od&r,fhw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh odoifhwmukd rod? rodoifhwmukd od/ tJ'g b,folUow å d/ (t0dZÆm owå dyg

bk&m;)/ tJ'D t0dZÆmeJUao&if wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;/ wd&pämef jzpfrSmvm;/ (wd&pämef jzpfrSmyg bk&m;)/

tJ'gaMumifh ckeajymcJhwJh ulnDw,fqkdwJh pum;vkH;av;ukd a,m*DwkdU y#DpöorkyÜg'fcGifcsMunhfwJhtcg usawmh

aMumufp&m raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,f)/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU udk,fhulnDrItay:rSm avmb jzpf&if Nydwåmjzpfr,f?

'DrSm aomujzpf&if i&Jusr,f? tJ'Day:rSm rdef;arm awGa0NyD; pDrHudef;awGcsNyD;awmhae&if wd&pämef jzpfvdrfhr,f/

wpfcsufrS aumif;wmr&Sdbl;/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ukd,fh&JUarwåmapwemeJU ulnDwm ulnD& usdK;eyfyg&JUvm;/ reyfawmhbl;/

'gu y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JUcGifukd odxm;vkdUaygh aemf/ olYykHaoenf;ukd rod&ifjzifh ukd,fhukd,fukd t[kwfBuD;xifNyD; b0ifjrifh

csifjrifhaerSm/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f odvnf;oda&m jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; rdefUawmfrlwm [kwfvm;/ tmeE´ma&

- tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU rif;bmawG nmawGrS avQmufvkyfraeeJU/ ukd,hfaus;Zl;&SdwJhrdbawG? q&morm;awG? ukd,fhaqGrsdK;awG

[kwfvm;/ bkef;BuD;wkdU &[ef; oHCmqkd&ifvnf; 'um? 'umrawG&JU qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq;

'Dypönffav;yg;rSDNyD;awmh 'Dy&d,wf? y#dywf tvkyfawG rvkyf&bl;vm;/ (vkyf&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumihf tm;vkH;aom

'um? 'umrawG[m bkef;BuD;wkdU &[ef; oHCmrsm;&JU wu,fhrdbozG,f aus;Zl;&SdwJh aus;Zl;&Sif awGyg/ &[ef;'um

&[ef;trawG ypönf;av;yg; 'um? 'umrawG bkef;BuD;wkdUtwGuf rdbozG,f aus;Zl;&Sdwm/ olwkdUaMumifh bkef;BuD;wkdU

'Domoem&yfwnfEkdif wm/ tJ'D aus;Zl;&SdwJh 'um? 'umrawGukd jrwfpGmbk&m;u &SiftmeE´mukd rdefUw,f/

aus;Zl;qyfcsifw,f qkdvkdU&Sd&if wjcm;bmrSvkyfay;raeeJU qkdawmh/ ckevkd odef;wpf&m? wpfaxmif ay;vkduf&if

rokH;pm;wwf&if wjcm; a&mufoGm;rSmvm;? tyg,fa&mufoGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,fa&mufoGm;rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

tyg,fa&mufoGm;w,fqkdvkdU&Sd&if ulnD&ma&mufyghrvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD;awmh

edAÁmefukdyGifhatmif vkyfay;Ekdifjcif;onf tBuD;rm;qkH; ulnDjcif; ygyJ/ aus;Zl;qyfjcif; ygyJ? &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'gaMumifh

rkdUvkdU jrwfpGmbk&m;u rdrdwkdU aus;Zl;&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfukd opömodatmif vkyfay;ygwJh/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if opömw&m;ukd

a[may;ygvkdU ajymwm/

opömw&m;ukd a[may;ygqkdawmh uJ - bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'um rawG vlwkdif;vlwkdif; a[mEkdif&JUvm;/

(ra[mEkdifygbl; bk&m;)/ udk,fhukd,f wkdifrS ukd,fawmfa& renf;ukd rSwfrdatmif BudK;pm;ae&wm/ ukd,hf[meJU

ukd,fawmifrSyJ rSwfrdatmif renf;BudK;pm; ae&wmaygh/ jyefa[mEkdifzkdU qkdwmu vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;

bk&m;)/ awmf½kHÓmPfeJU a[mEkdifygh rvm;/ ra[mEkdifbl;/ 'um? 'umrawG vlwkdif;vlwkdif;[m a[mzkdUqkdwmu

tawmfcufcJwJhtvkyfAs/ 'Dawmh vlwkdif;vlwkdif; ra[mEkdifbl;qkd&ifwJh a[mEkdifwJhq&mqDukd ykdUay;wJh/

b,fukdykdUckdif;wmvJ/ (a[mEkdifwJh q&m qDukdyg bk&m;)/ opömw&m;ukd a[mEkdifwJhq&mqDukdykdUay;/ a[mEkdif

wJ hae&ma&mufatmif yk d Uay;wJ h/ tJ'Dvk d yk d Uay;jcif;onf tBuD;rm;qk H ; aus;Zl; qyfjcif;ygy JwJ h/

jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mygw,faemf/ tJ'gaMumifh rdbawGudk aus;Zl;qyfcsifw,fqkd&if bmodatmif vkyfay;&rvJ/

(opömodatmif vkyfay;&ygr,f bk&m;)/ ukd,fukd,fwkdif ra[mEkdifvkdU&Sd&if a[mEkdifwJhae&m xdatmif bmvkyfay;&rvJ/

(ykdUay;&ygr,f bk&m;)/

uJ - ukd,fhrdwfaqG oli,fcsif;awG? taygif; toif;awG? ukd,fhay: rSm aus;Zl;&SdwJholawG? cspfygw,f

cifygw,fqkd&if wjcm;odatmif vkyfay;&rSmvm;? opömodatmifvkyfay;&rSmvm;/ (opömodatmif vkyfay; &rSmyg

74


bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ukd,fukd,fwkdif ra[mrajymEkdifwJhtcg usawmh a[mEkdifajymEkdifwJhae&mta&mufykdUay;&wmyJ/

tJ'g[m avmurSm tBuD;qkH; aus;Zl;qyfjcif;yg/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'gaMumifh opömw&m; odvkdufwJhtcgusawmh

tyg,fwHcg; ydwfoGm;NyD/ opömod&if (tyg,f wHcg; ydwfygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf i&Jrusawmhbl;/ Nydw åm

rjzpfawmhbl;aemf/ tol&um,f rjzpfawmhbJeJU vlUb0yJa&mufa&muf? ewfb0 bJa&mufa&muf txufwef;usus

rsufESmyef;vSvSeJU 'um? 'umrawG tppt&m&m csrf;csrf;omomjzpfNyDqkd&if ulnD&ma&m ra&mufbl;vm;/

(a&mufygw,f bk&m;)/ arwåmxm;&ma&m ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd arwåmxm;&m

ulnD&ma&mufatmif ta&;tBuD;qkH;u wjcm;udpöawGxuf bmodatmifvkyfay;&rvJ/ (opöm odatmif vkyfay;

&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'g jrwfpGmbk&m; ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; &SiftmeEmukd rdefUawmfrlcJhwJh 'um? 'umrawG Mo0g'a'oemyg/

7-&uftwGif; csrf;omawmhr,fhtvkyf7-&uftwGif; csrf;omawmhr,fhtvkyf7-&uftwGif; csrf;omawmhr,fhtvkyf7-&uftwGif; csrf;omawmhr,fhtvkyf7-&uftwGif; csrf;omawmhr,fhtvkyf

tJ'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;rsm;uvnf; ,aeU<ua&mufvmaewJh w&m; 0ifMuwJh w&m;emMuwJh tm;vkH; 'um?

'umrawG[m b0oHo&mrSm rawmfrpyfwJh yk*¾dKvfr&Sdbl; aemf/ 'gaMumihfrkdUvkdU rdb nDtudk armifESr tm;vkH;

rawmfpyfcJhwJh yk*¾dKvfr&SdwJhtwGufaMumifh tm;vkH;ukd tav;xm; NyD;awmh bkef;BuD;wkdU wwfEkdifoavmuf wkdufwGef;&jcif;

jzpfygw,f/ tck ypöKyÜefb0rSmvnf;yJ 'D'um? 'umrawG&JU ypönf;av;yg;eJU omoemjyKae &wJhtwGufaMumifh

aus;Zl;r&Sdbl;vm;/ tJ'Daus;Zl;ukd wkefUjyefEkdifzkdUtwGuf u wjcm;odatmifvkyfay;ae&wmvm;? opömodatmif

vkyfay;ae&wm vm;/ (opömodatmif vkyfay;ae&wmygbk&m;)/ 'godyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/ tJawmh opömqkdwmonf

wjcm;w&m;vm;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;vm;/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;yg bk&m;)/ okdUjzifh y#dpöorkyÜg'f qkdwmonf wjcm;vm;/

aMumif;usdK;jya'oemvm;/ (aMumif;usdK;jya'oemygbk&m;/) 'Dvkdjzifh taMumif;tusdK;/ taMumif;tusdK;qkdawmh

jrefrmpum; jAKef;ceJ jrefrm em;rvnfao;bl;/

Oyrm qkdMuygpkdU/ ,aeU a,m*DwkdU (86) Budrfajrmuf atmifqef; rkd;ukwf&dyfomtzGJUcGJ(77)rSm

w&m;pcef;zGifhw,f/ rMum;bl;vm;/ avhvm w,f/ odw,faygh/ odwJhtcgusawmh at; - 'dkUawG oGm;w&m;tm;xkwf

rSyJvkdU pdwfxJrSm o'gjzpfvmNyD/ tJ'Do'gu tvkdvkd OHKzGqkdNyD; rkd;ay:uus wmvm;/ Mum;vkdUuswmvm;/ (Mum;vkdUyg

bk&m;)/ odvkdU Mum;vdkU 'DrSm pcef;zGihfr,fqkdwm odvkdU? Mum;vkdU/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if odwmutaMumif;? o'gay:

vmwmutusdK;/ okdUjzifhtaMumif;? tusdK;? bmwJhvJ/ (taMumif;tusdK; ygbk&m;)/

at; 'Dvkdjzifh&if &dyfomoGm;NyD; wkdUw&m;tm;xkwfMupkdU/ oGm;Mu r,fqkdawmh vmNyDaygh/ rvmcsifvkdU

vmwmvm;? vmcsifvkdUvmwmvm;/ (vmcsifvkdUvmwmygbk&m;)/ rvmcsif&if tdrfuwpfz0g;rSrcGmbl; ukdf,fawmf

a&/ a[m vmcsifwmu taMumif;? vmcsifawmh ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufyg w,fbk&m;)/ vmcsifwmutaMumif;?

a&mufvmwmutusdK;/ taMumif; tusdK;/ 'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'faemf/ aMomf vufpowfawmh 'kdUw&m;&dyfom

a&mufvmwmu y#dpöorkyÜg'fyJ/ &dyfoma&mufawmh &dyfomtvkyfyJ vkyf&r,faygh/ 'DrSm om;a&;? orD;a&;?

pD;yGm;a&;? EkdifiHa&;? vlrIa&;? bma&;nma&;udpöawG 'DxJrSmvkyfp&m &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ vkH;0rpOf;pm; ygeJUvkdU

bkef;BuD;wkdUu ynwfxm;NyD; om;yJaemf/

a,m*DwdkU vkyf&rJhtvkyfu owdy|mef r*¾iftvkyfuvGJí wjcm;bmrSr&Sdbl;/ 'Dtvkyfukdvkyfwm

tukokdvfenf;enf;av;yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ wpfaeukef 'um? 'umrawG ukodkvfawGeJUcsnf;yJaemf/ tJ'D

ukokdvfrSmrS owdy|mefukokdvfawG 0dyóemukokdvfawG r&bl; vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ ukokdvfwum ukokdvfrSm

tjrifhqkH; tjrwfqkH; ukokdvf&aewm wjcm;aMumifhvm;? &dyfoma&mufvmvkdUvm;/ (&dyfom a&mufvmvkdUygbk&m;)/

tdrfrSmae 'DukokdvfawG tjynfht0r&bl;? &ygh rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ b,f&rvJ/ om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;?

[kdudpö 'DudpöeJU awmfMum [kdw,fvDzkef;uvmwmwpfrsdK;? {nfhonfuwpfrsdK;? bmwpfrsdK; nmwpfrsdK; ½IyfyGNyD;awmh

b,fvkd vkyfNyD; 'um? 'umrawG 'DukokdvfawG tjynhft0&rSmwkef;/ tck q,f&ufuav; &dyfoma&muf

75


vmw,f? wpf&ufuav; &dyfom a&mufvmw,f/ tukodkvfeJU tcsdef ukefwmvm;? ukodkvfeJU tcsdefukefwmvm;/

(ukokdvfeJU tcsdefukefwmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dukokdvfonf atmufqif;rSmvm;/ txufwufrSmvm;/ (txuf

wufrSmygbk&m;)/ uJ csufcsif; aus;Zl;rsm;vkdufwm 'um 'umrwkdU/ bkef;BuD;ajym&Jygw,f/ a'oempOfrSmvnf;

bk&m;a[mxm;w,f/ tJ'D ukokdvfpdwfuav;eJUom aoygap? tyg,fusyghrvm;/ (rusygbl; bk&m;)/

b,favmufaus;Zl;rsm;vkduf ovJ/ cke om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&; udpöt00awGeJU tJ'DpdwfeJUom

zswfceJ 0dnmOfcsKyfoGm; b,fawmh rS ruRwfawmhbl;/ cke ykHaoenf;&SdNyDav/ avmb? a'go? arm[\ w&m;onf

wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,foGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,foGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'gaMumif hrk d U

,aeU&dyfomudka&mufvmwmu tm;vkH; wpfckcsif; wpfckcsif; Munfhvkduf&if y#dpöorkyÜg'fcsnf;ygyJvkdU em;vnfyg/

(rSefvSyg)/

,ck a,m*DwkkdU ½Iaewm 0dyóem ½Iwm r[kwfbl;vm;/ ([kwf ygw,fbk&m;)/ ,ck bmw&m;

tm;xkwfaeMuvJ/ (0dyóemw&m;yg bk&m;)/ 0dyóemw&m;u cEmukd½I&rSmaemf/ bmukd ½I&rSmvJ/ (cEmukdyg

bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh cEmtaMumif;ukd aoaocsmcsm ykdifykdifEkdifEkdifrod&if 0dyóem ½IvkdUr&bl;/ 0dyóemw&m;onf

bk&m;wpfql wpfqlyGifhrS ay:wJhw&m;/ awmf½kHbkef;uHr&SdvQif 0dyóem½IkvkdU &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ ,aeY

0dyóemukd tm;xkwfEkdifNyDqkd&if a,m*DwkdUukd bkef;BuD; aeUwkdif; aeUwkdif; owday;ygw,f/ qkawmif;jynfhwJh

yk*¾dKvfawGyg/ bmjynfh aewmvJ/ (qkawmif;jynhfwmygbk&m;)/ 0dyóemukd tm;rxkwfEkdifwJhyk*¾dKvf u

qkawmif;rjynfhwJh yk*¾ dKvfawG/ okdUaomf qkawmif;rjynfhao;&ifvnf; bJ olU0goemeJUolawmif;wm

bkef;BuD;tjypfrwifygbl;/ awmif;ayghAsm/ a,m*DwkdUu awmif;OD;rSmvm;/ (rawmif;ygbl; bk&m;)/ rawmif;eJUaemf/

tif;- tawmif; 0goemu wpfoHo&mvkH;u ygvmwm/ eHygwfwpf tuGufwpfuGufvkH;onf

wjcm;uvkyfvmwmvm;? awmif;vmwmvm;/ (awmif;vmwmyg bk&m;)/ t0dZÆm ocFg& wPSm Oyg'gef b0 -

qkdwm awmif;vmwm/ ,cka,m*DwkdYu awmif;rsm;awmif; csifao;vm;/ rawmif;eJU/ vufawGUtvkyfvkyfawmh

- aemf/ vufawGUtvkyf vkyf&if olrsm;xufykdcsrf;omrSmaygh/ a[m - 0dyóemtvkyfonf qif;&J wJhtvkyf

vm;? csrf;omwJhtvkyfvm;/ (csrf;omwJhtvkyfygbk&m;)/ aorS csrf;om rSmvm;? ,ck csrf;omrSmvm;/

(,ckcsrf;omrSmygbk&m;)? 7-&uftwGif; csrf;omr,fhtvkyfjzpfvdkU bkef;BuD;ygpyfzsm; vrf;rqkH;ygeJU/ vufawGU

vkyfprf;yg/ vufawGUtvkyfvkyfEkdifzkdUtwGufukd enf;vrf; pnf;urf;av;ukd 'um? 'umrawGudk aus;Zl;jyKay;r,faygh/

tJ'Dawmh 0dyóemonf wjcm;ukd ½I&rSmvm;? cEmukd ½I&rSmvm;/ (cEmukd½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ cEmtaMumif;ukd

raeUu bkef;BuD;wkdU ÓmPfig;yg; rpçbl;vm;/ (pçygw,fbk&m;)/ raeUu ÓmPfig;yg;av; MunhfvkduffygOD;/ bmwJhvJ/

eHygwfwpf - ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf/

eHygwfESpf - emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf/

eHygwfokH; - ypö,y&d*¾[ÓmPf/

eHygwfav; - vu©PÓmPf/

eHygwfig; - r*fÓmPf/

uJ - a[m'D ur®óuwmor®'d|dÓmPf tomav; cPav; xm;vkdufOD;/ cEmtaMumif;ajymawmh

eHygwfESpfÓmPfukd jyefNyD;awmh ,lr,f aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fu wpfykdif; wpfykdif; wpfykdif;eJU aemuf pcef;yGJ

q,f&ufjynfhawmhrS tukefvkH;uGif;quf,lvkdufr,faemf/ pdwf&Snf &Snfawmh a,m*DwkdU w&m;emzkdUawmh vkdw,faemf/

tJ'Dawmh tck eHygwf ESpf bmÓmPfvJ/ (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf qkdwm raeUuajymNyD;NyD/

jrefrmvkdajymawmh ½kyfeJUemrfukd ykdif;jcm;odaom ÓmPf/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfqkdwm bmygvdrfh/ ½kyfeJUemrfukd

ykdif;jcm;od aomÓmPf/ tJ'Dawmh y&d,wfrSm tckeajymwJh 7-rsdK;rSm cEmqkdwJh acgif;pOfygvmNyD/ cEmqkdwm

wjcm;ajymwmvm;/ ½kyfemrfudkajymwmvm;/ (½kyfemrfukdajymwmygbk&m;)/

76


'Dawmh cEmqkdwJh pmpum;u jrefrmvkd taygif;tpk/ jrefrmvkd usawmh (taygif;tpkyg bk&m;)/ pmvkdu

(cE¨m)/

½kyfemrfukd ajymaew,f/ ½kyfemrfukd ajymwkdif; ajymwkdif; cEmukd ajymaew,fvkdUem;vnfygaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh

½kyfemrfESifh cEmonf pum;vkH;om uGmaomfvnf; t"dyÜm,fcsif; rwlbl;vm;/ (wlygw,f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh cEmqkd

wmonf wjcm;vm;? taygif;tpkvm;/ (taygif;tpkygbk&m;)/ bmtaygif; tpkvJ/ (½kyftaygif;tpk? emrftaygif;tpk/

) okdYjzifh tJ'DcEm[m puf0kdif;xJrSm &Sdvm;/ (r&Sdygbl; bk&m;)/ r&Sdbl;/ puf0kdif;xJrSm &SdaewJh cEmu tJ'DrSmav/

0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'em &Sdaew,f/ a[m'Dpuf0dkfif;xJrSm &SdaewJh cEm/ tJ'DcEmu a,m*DwkdU

y&d,wfcEmvkdU ac:ygw,f/ bmcEm ygvdrfh/ (y&d,wf cEmyg bk&m;)/ oifwJhcEmaemf/

aMomf - 'um? 'umrwkdU 0dyóemtm;xkwfwJhtcgrSm cEm taMumif;ukd od&r,f/ a[m - cEmu

a[m 0dÓmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'em ig;yg;ac:w,f/ oifNyDaygh/ okdUaomf em;rvnfao;bl;/

em;rvnfao;bl;/ rjrifao;bl;/ oif½kHwif oifwm/ a,m*DwkdU? jrifNyDvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'DawmhrS

tJ'DcEmukd oifNyD;awmh - [kwfNyD tvGwfusufrSwf&oGm;NyD/ rsufpd rSdwfNyD;awmh [kwfvm;/ ÓmPfrsufpdeJU

ÓmPpu©Kayghaemf/ ÓmPH O'ygwd ÓmPpu©KeJU ÓmPfrsufpd av;zGifhNyD;awmh 0dZÆmrsufpdav;zGifhNyD;awmh Munhfvnf;

Munhfvkdufaum a[m - puf0kdif;xJrSm cEm&Sdwmvm;? ukd,fhrSm&Sdaewmvm;/ (udk,fhrSm&Sdaewmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

ukd,fh&S dwJhcE¨mukd ukd,frod&if rjrif&ifaygh/ 'um 'umrawG wjcm;jzpf wmvm;? uef;aewmvm;/

(uef;aewmygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/

'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdY 'um? 'umrawGaemf wpfoufvkH; wpfoHo&m vkH;u udk,fhcEmukd jrif&JUvm;/

(rjrifygbl; bk&m;)/ rjrifwm bmjzpfvkdU/ (uef; aevkdUyg bk&m;)/ aocsm&JUvm;/ (aocsmygw,f bk&m;)/ tck

toufBuD;vkdU wpfckck cdkufrdvkdUuef;wmr[kwfbl;/ 0rf;xJuaeNyD;awmh pkHvkH;uef;wm/ 0rf;wGif;yguef;wm/

&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG[m bkef;BuD;eJUwuG tm;vkH;aom

aqGawmf rsdK;awmfawG[m 0rf;wGif;yg tuef;awGjzpfaew,f/ bmrjrif vkdUvJ/ (cE¨mrjrifvkdUyg)/ okdUaomf

uHrsufpdajymwmvm;? ÓmPfrsufpdajym wmvm;/ (ÓmPfrsufpd ajymwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if Oyrm - uef;aewJh

yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf avQmufwJhvrf; rSefyghrvm;/ (rrSefygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh vrf;rSefa&mufcsifa&mufr,f/ trsm;tm;jzifh

vrf;rSm;yJ olwkdUoGm;csif&m oGm;aerSmyJ/ oGm;csif&moGm;aewmonf jrifvkdUvm;? uef;aevkdfUvm;/ (uef;aevkdUyg

bk&m;)/ 'g - uef;wJhol&JUobm0yg/

tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU 'DcEmukd (0g) ½kyfemrfukd rjrifwJhtcg usawmh tJ'D½kyfemrfukd igvkyfvkdvkyf? a,mufsm;jzpfvkdjzpf?

r de f ;rjzpfvk d jzp f/ tazjzpfvk d jzp f? tarjzpfvk d jzp f? om;orD; jzpfvk d jzp f? y&rw¬ÓmPfawGvm Ny D/

enf;enf;em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifygaemf/ a,m*DopfawG [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh ½kyfemrfcEmukd rjrifwJhtcgusawmh

'D½kyfemrfcEmukdyJ taztarvkdU em;vnf xm;w,f/ taztarvkdU odxm;w,f/ taztarvkdU rSwfxm;w,f/

taztarvkdU ,lxm;w,f/ 'D½kyfemrfcE¨mukdyJ igvdkUodxm;w,f/ igvkdU rSwfxm;w,f/ igvkdU,lxm;w,f/

trSm;awGvm;? trSefawGvm;/ (trSm; awGyg)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if wu,f,l&rSmu ½kyfemrfvkdU,l&r,f/ ½kyfemrfvdkU od&

r,f/ ½kyfemrfvkdUrSwf&r,f/ tJ'Dvkd[mawG wpfckrSr[kwfbJeJU r,loifhwm ukd ,lwmonf wjcm;aMumifhvm;?

½l;vkdUvm;/ (½l;vkdYygbk&m;)/ ½l;vkdU/ t&Sifbk&m; - ½l;w,fqkdwm bmaMumifh½l;wmvJ/ ar;awmhr,f/ pum;vkH;u

wpfvkH;wufvmNyD/ bmaMumifh ½l;wmvJqkdawmh tck bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG vlwkdif;vlwkdif; ½kyfemrfr&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ ½kyfemrfukd rod&if rjrif&if ½l;w,f/ 'Dpum;vkH;av; rSwfvkdufprf;yg/ ½kyfemrfrS rod&if 'Dyk*¾dKvfu

ykxkZOfav/ ½kyfeJUemrfukdrod&if tEykxkZOfvkdU jrwfpGm bk&m;a[mygw,f/ ½kyfeJUemrfukd rjrif&if (tEykxkZOfyg

bk&m;)/

'Dawmh tEykxkZOf qkdwJh 'Dpmpum;u jrefrmvkdu tEqdkwmu tuef;? tEqkdwm (tuef;)/ ykxkZOfqkdwm

77


- ykxk = udavomawGtrsm; BuD;/ Ze = jzpfwJhyk*¾dKvf/ udavomtrsm;BuD;jzpfawmh t½l;eJUwl./ ykxkZÆaem

Or®wåaum - ykxkZOfqkdwm t½l;eJUwklowJh/ tEu (tuef;)/ ykxkZOf (t½l;)/ jrefrmvkdjyefawmh tuef;t½l;/

bmygvdrfh/ (tuef;t½l;yg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tuef;t½l;jzpfwmu bmudk rjrifvkdU/ (½kyfeJUemrfukd rjrifvkdUyg

bk&m;)/ cEmukd rjrifvdkU/ ½kyfeJUemrfukd rjrifvkdU/ ½kyfeJUemrfukd rodvkdU/ emr½ly y&dapä' ÓmPfr&vkdU/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u

bm emrnfay;xm;wmvJ/ (tuef;t½l;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if - uJ - bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG a[m'D

y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef; 'gudkremvkdU tm;rxkwf&if ½kyfeJUemrfukd odyghrvm;/ (rodygbl; bk&m;)/ rod&if rjrif&if

bmjzpfrvJ/ (uef;w,f)/ tJ'gwpfouf vkH;jzpfvmcJhwJhb0/ bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG b0/

tJ'Dawmh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rdefUovkdajym&&if aMomf - ,aeY ½kyfeJUemrfukd rjrif&if rdrd&JUi,femrnf[m

b,folvJ/ (tuef;t½l;yg bk&m;)/ 'dvkdjzpf&if tJ'D½kyfeJUemrfudkrjrifvdkU tuef;t½l;b0qkdvkdU&Sd&if vl&m0ifygh

OD;rvm;/ b,fawmhrS vl&mr0ifawmhbl .;/ oGm;NyD/ bkef;BuD;wk d U,aeUacwf pum;eJU ajym&ifawmh

ajrmif;xJa&mufoGm;wmaygh/ avmutaMumif; r[kwfbl;/ "r®taMumif;eJUajymwmaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

acwfpum;eJUajymawmh ajrmif;xJa&mufoGm;w,fqkdawmh wjcm;aMumifhvm;? rjrifvkdUvm;/ (rjrif vkdUyg bk&m;)/

rjrifawmh uef;w,f/ uef;awmh xif&mvkyfw,f/ ½l;w,f/ (rSefyg)/ 'gjzifh t&Sifbk&m; bm½l;w,fajymwmvJ/

xif&mvkyf&ift½l;

'Dawmh cEmukdjrifawmh cEm&JUobm0ukd jrifwmaygh/ cEmukdrjrif? cEm&JUobm0udk rjrifwJhtcgusawmh

tJ'DcEmukd igvdkU rodbl;vm;/ (odygw,f bk&m;)/ olvkdUrodbl;vm;/ (odygw,f bk&m;)/ [kwfvm;/ ZeD; r,m;?

orD;om;ukdvnf;yJ cEmvkdUrjrifawmh ighom;? ighorD;? ighaqG? ighrsdK;? ighrd? ighzawG rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh cEm&JUoabmukd rjrifawmh cEmonf jzpfNyD;&if ysufw,f? arG;NyD;&if aow,f/ cEm&JU oabmu

bmwJhvJ/ (jzpfNyD;&ifysufw,f? arG;NyD;&ifaow,f)/ tck bkef;BuD; wkdUcEmav/ jzpfNyD;&if bmjzpfvJ/ w&m;enf;enf;awmh

jrifhvmNyD/ jzpfNyD; &if bmjzpfvJ/ (ysufygw,f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if arG;NyD;&if (aoygw,f)/ arG;NyD; &ifaowmonf

b,folUoabmvJ/ (cEmoabmyg)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if cEmu olUtvkyfolvkyfaewm/ b,folUukdrS oGm;NyD; rpGufzufbl;?

'um? 'umr awG/ cEmu b,folrS oGm;ra&mbl;aemf/ olUtvkyfyJ olvkyfaew,f/ arG;w,f? aow,f?

arG;w,f? aow,f/ b,folUtvkyfvJ/ (cEm&JUtvkyfyg bk&m;)/ olUtvkyfolvkyfaewm bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um?

'umrawGeJU bm ywfoufvJ/ bmrS rywfoufbl;-aemf/ &Sif;oGm;NyDaemf/

cEm&JUoabmu bmjzpfw,f/ (arG;w,f? aow,f)/ arG;wm rarG;eJUvkdU wm;vkdU&yghrvm;? aomwm

raoeJUvkdU wm;vkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh ukd,feJUywfoufvdkU ukd,fykdif ukd,fEkdifqkdvkdU&Sd&if - [m -

rarG;eJUvkdU wm;xm;vkdU&w,f/ raoeJUvkdU wm;xm; vkdU&w,f/ t"dyÜg,f-t"dyÜg,faemf/ tck wm;vkdU&&JUvm;/

(r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&wmonf wjcm;vm;? tewå vm;/ (tewåygbk&m;)/ olUoabm olaqmifaewm/ arG;w,f?

aow,f/ 'g cEm&JUoabm/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'D cEm&JUoabmudk rdrdu rodwJhtcgusawmh uJ - a,m*DwdkU ukd,fhb0eJU ukd,f obm0usus

jyef[yfvkduf/ tdrfrSm ajr;av; wpfa,muf arG;vm&if uJ - 'Dtzkd;tzGm; b,fES,hfaervJ/ b,fES,fh

toHwkd;oGm;wmvJ/ 0rf;rombl;vm;/ trav; - tdrfhqnf;vnf;av;&NyD/ trav; 'Dtzkd;tzGm; tdyfraysmfbl;/

tzkd;tzGm;tdyfraysmfawmhbl;/ trav; ,k,vkdufwmrsm; rdbxufawmif ydkao;w,f/

'Dvkdjzifh&if arG;vmwmu wjcm;oabmvm;? cEmoabmvm;/ (cEmoabmygbk&m;)/ ukd,feJUbmywfoufvJ/

(rywfoufygbl;)/ cEmu rywfoufayr,fh ukd,fuywfoufaeNyD/ tJ'gwjcm; rjrifvkdUvm;? cEmrjrifvkdUvm;/

(cEmrjrifvkdUygbk&m;)/ cEmuarG;w,f/ arG;NyD; bmjzpfrvJ/ (aorSmygbk&m;)/ aorSmyJ/ tJ'Duav;u reufjzefvnf;

aocsifaor,f/ obufcgvnf; aocsif aorSmyJ/ aoawmh - uJ 'Drdbzkd;zGm;awGu b,fvkdaervJ/ aMomf -

78


aorif;&,f? ighajr;av;rS a&G;ac:&ovm;/ tr,hf tjypfu wifvkdufao;w,f/ jzpfykHrsm;/ [kwfw,f/ aorif;u

olUajr;rkdUvkdU a&G;ac:wm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ t"dyÜg,faemf/ tJ'Dvkd pum;vkH;ukd okH;NyD;awmh tJ'Dvkd &ifxJrSm ylaqG;oGm;wm

wjcm;rjrifvkdUvm;? cEmrjrif vkdUvm;/ (cEmrjrifvkdUyg bk&m;)/

a[m - ,aeU a,m*DwdkUu 'D w&m;awGemvkdU 'Dw&m;tm;xkwfwJh tcgrSm aMomf - cEm&JUoabmu

olU[moljzpfvmw,f/ olU[mol ysufoGm; w,f/ olY[mol arG;vmw,f/ olY[mol aow,f/ cEmoabmukdodawmh

igeJUbmrS rywfoufygvm;qkdawmh uJ - 0rf;omp&maum &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ 0rf;enf;p&maum &Sd&JUvm;

(r&Sdygbl;)/ rjidrf;bl;vm; a,m*DwkdU/ trav; - Nidrf;vdkufwm/ bk&m;tp&SdwJh t&d,m olawmfpifwkdU b,folu

bmjzpfjzpf Nidrf;aewmyJ/tJ'D Nidrf;csrf;jcif;qkdwJh w&m;av;ukd pdwful;av;eJU a,m*DwkdU ESvkH;oGif;Munhf/ b,favmufrsm;

Nidrf;csrf;aevJ aemf/ tJ'g wjcm;jrifvkdUvm;/ cEmukd jrifvkdUvm;/ (cEmukdjrifvkdUyg bk&m;)/ [kdbuf tjrifw&m;

ÓmPfawG rygao;bl;aemf/ cEmukd cEmvkdU jrif½kHav;eJU awmifrSyJ tJ'Davmuf Nidrf;w,fqkdawmh b,favmuf'Dw&m;u

'um? 'umrwkdU ukd,fhukd taxmuftyHh&vJaemf/

tJawmh - tJ'Dvkd cE¨mukd cE¨mvkdU rjrifwJh tcgusawmh trav; - arG;wJhtcgusawmhvnf;

aysmfvkdU&TifvkdUayghAsm/ ukd,feJUrywfoufbJeJU Opömukd/ aowJhtcgusawmfhvnf; rcsdrqefU aomuawGa&mufNyD;

ikdvkdU qkdawmh tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfonf aumif;wmvm;? ½l;wmvm;/ (½l;wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh ½l;aewmukd Or ®wåuaygh/

½l;aewmukd (Or®wåuyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdU ykxkZÆaem Or®wåaum qkdwm/ tJ'gaMumifh tEykxkZOf awG[m

opömw&m;ukdrjrifvdkU (0g) cE¨mukd rjrifwJhtcgusawmh 'Dyk*¾dKvf onf wjcm;jzpfwmvm;? ½l;oGm;wmvm;/

(½l;oGm;wmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG ukd,fhudk,fukd jyefar;Mu &atmif/ ighcE¨m taMumif;

b,favmufodovJ/ ½kyftaMumif; b,favmuf odxm;vJ/ emrftaMumif; b,favmufodxm;ovJ qkdawmh

tJ'D ½kyfawG? emrfawG olrsm;rSm &Sdaewmvm;/ ukd,fhrSm&Sdaewmvm;/ (ukd,fhrSm&Sdaewmyg bk&m;)/ twlaewmaemf/

twloGm;? twlpm;? twltdyfaemf/ [kdaeUuvnf; ajymNyD;NyD/ arG;awmhvnf; b,foleJU/ (cEmeJUyg)/ BuD;awmhvnf;

b,fol eJU (cEmeJUyg)/ aeawmhvJ b,foleJU (cEmeJUyg)/ aoawmhvnf; b,foleJU (cEmeJUyg)/ 'Davmuf twlwGJ

rcGJcGm w&pyfav; wpfoHo&mvkH;wGJvmwJh cEmukd ukd,fhqDrSm&Sdaewmukd uGif;uGif;uGufuGufrjrifbl;qkd&if udk,fhavmuf

uef;wJh ol b,f&SdrSmwkef;/ (rSefvSyg)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ'Davmuf uef;wJh twGuf rjrifvdkU xifwmawG ajymwmawG vkyfwJhtwGufaMumifhrkdU wjcm; jzpfwmvm;?

½l;aewmvm;/ (½l;aewmyg)/ tJ'gaMumihf tEykxkZOf qkdwm ausmufcJa&us aotyg,fusoGm;NyD/ wufvrf;r&Sdawmhbl;/

b,fawmhrS vljyefjzpfawmhrSm r[kwfawmhbl;/ tifrwef uHaumif; axmufrvdkUaemf ecoDCokwfeJU vufonf;cGHay:

ajrrIefUav;wifxm;wmukd [kdwpfaeUu 'um? 'umrawG owday;NyD; om;yJ/

bkef;BuD;ESifhwuG tm;vkH;aom 'um? 'umrawGu vufoJcGHay: ygvmwm/ b,fygvmwmvJ/

(vufonf;cGHay:ygvmwmyg)/ bkef;uHxl; vkdUaemf/ tJ'Dvkd ygvmwJhtcsdeftcgrSm 'D½kyfeJUemrfavmufrS rodbJ

trav; 'Db0 taorsm;OD;oGm;&if rembl;vm;/ (emygw,f)/ 'gaMumifh aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

taorOD;cif ÓmPfOD;atmif tm;xkwfyg/ (taorOD;cif ÓmPfOD;atmif tm;xkwfyg)/ 'Dawmh 'DÓmPfr&bJeJU

aooGm; &if ausmufcJa&us/ aemuf'Db0rarQmfeJU? jyefr&awmhbl;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU tck ta&;BuD;wJh ÓmPfonfvnf;yJ? bmvJ/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf/ ½kyfeJUemrfukdod&rSmaygh/

'Dawmh ½kyfeJUemrfukdod&r,f qkdawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f axmufvkdufawmh 0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zóa0'em

qkdawmh cEmb,fESpfyg;vJ/ (cEmig;yg; ygbk&m;)/ cEmig;yg;ayghaemf/ tJ'D cEmig;yg;rSm bkef;BuD;wkdU y#dpöorkyÜg'f

oifwef;pm&GufxJrSmvnf; cEmig;yg;&Sdw,f/ uJ - 'Dawmh tm;vkH;vkduf qkdvkdufyg/

79


(1) ½lyu©Em (½lyu©Em)

(2) a0'emu©Em (a0'emu©Em)

(3) onmu©Em (onmu©Em)

(4) ocFg&u©Em (ocFg&u©Em)

(5) 0dnmPu©Em (0dnmPu©Em)

cEmb,fESpfyg;/ (ig;yg;yg bk&m;)/ okdUjzifh 'DcEmig;yg;ukd bkef;BuD; wkdUu &GwfoGm;wm? oifoGm;wm/

wu,fh tJ'DcEmig;yg;u b,frSm &SdvJ/ (ukd,fhrSm&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ ukd,fhrSm &Sdaew,f/ okdUaomf ukd,fhrSm &Sdaewm

rjrifbl;? rodbl;/ b,fodrvJ/ odwJhq&morm;eJUrS rawGUyJ/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ **Fg0gVK oJpkru

bk&m;awGyGifhvmwm 'DcEmukdvTwfNyD;awmh bk&m;jzpfwJh bk&m;wpfqlrS r&Sdbl;/ 'DcEmudkra[mwJh bk&m; wpfqlrS

r&Sdbl;/

okdUaomfvnf;yJ 'DcEmtaMumif;awGudk bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umr awGu rodbl;qkd&if ukd,fhavmufrkdufwJhol

&SdOD;rvm;/ tck udk,fhrSm&Sd aewm cEmb,fESpfyg;/ uJqkdprf;yg/ (&lyu©Em? a'0emu©Em? onmu©Em? ocFg&u©Em?

0dnmPu©Em)/ tJ'Dawmh ½lyu©Emqkdwmvnf; ukd,fhrSmyJ &SdwmyJ/ a0'emu©Emqkdwmvnf; (udk,fhrSmyJ&Sdwmaygh)/

onmu©Em? ocFg&u©Em vnf; (udk,fhrSm&Sdwmyg)/ 0dnmPu©Emqkdwmvnf; (ukd,fhrSm yJ&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/

cEmtaMumif;ukd 'DaeUp½kHyJ pr,faemf/

tJ'Dawmh - tJ'DcEmig;yg;onf ukd,fhrSm&dSw,fqkdawmh &lyu©Em qkdwm azmufjyefwJh oabmw&m;tpkaygh/

&lyu©Emqdkwm azmufjyefwJh oabmw&m;tpk qkdawmh ½kyfcEmvkdUajymygw,f/ b,fcEmygvdrfh/ (½kyfcEmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh &lyu©EmrSm bkef;BuD;wkdU pmvkdqkd&if ½kyf-28 yg; &Sdygw,f/ 'guawmh pmaytaeeJU avhvmxm;yg/

'DrSmawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU oifzkdU tcsdef r&bl;aemf/ ½kyfb,favmuf&SdvJ/ (28-yg;yg bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh tbd"r®mwkdU

bmwkdU qkdwm 'um? 'umrawG avhvmyg/ ukd,fhtaMumif; ukd,fodzkdUtwGuf avhvmwmukd;As/

bkef;BuD;wkdU 'DrSmu aus;Zl;jyKrSmu blw½kyfav;yg;ukd bkef; BuD;&Sif;ay;r,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh ½kyf-28

yg;onf ,ck&Sdw,fvkdUajymwmu wjcm;vm;? y&d,wfvm;/ (y&d,wfyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D½kyf 28-yg;ukd ukd,fhqD

rSm&Sdwmukd jrifatmif Munhf&r,f/ rMunhf&bl;vm;/ (Munhf&ygw,f bk&m;)/ jrifatmifMunhf&r,fqkdawmh ½kyf-

28 yg;wGif OyrmqkdMuygpkdU/ uJ - 'Dvuf ukd ukd,fhvufudk ukdifMunhf&if ukdifvkdUr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ ukdifvkdU

&wmaygh/ vufukdukdifvdkfufwJhtcg aysmhwmr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ aysmhw,f/ 'DawmhvufukdrjrifapeJU

aysmhwmav;ukdjrif/ aysmhwmonf wjcm;vm;? ½kyfcEmvm; (½kyfcEmyg)/ 'Dvkdjzifh w&m;xkdifw,f/ w&m;xkdifwJh

tcgusawmh 'um? 'umrawG cg;BuD;rawmifhbl;vm;/ (awmifhygw,f)/ cg;qkdwm wjcm;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/

(½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ wu,fawmh cg;qkdwm emrnfyJ&SdwmyJaemf/ emrnfyJ &Sdw,f/ wu,fawmh cg;&Sd&JUvm;/

(r&Sdygbl;)/ cg;r&Sdbl;/ ½kyfyJ&Sdw,f/ cg;aysmufNyD;awmh ½kyfa&muf&rSmaygh/ o k d U a o m f

azmufjyefwJhoabmqkdawmh tJ'D½kyfonf 'Dtwkdif; aewmvm;? azmufjyefaewmvm;/ (azmufjyefaewmygbk&m;)/

a[m - awmfawmfMum emvmvkduf? awmfawmfMum usifvmvkduf? [m - awmfawmfMum acR;awGxGufvmvkduf

ponfjzifh r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ &Sdw,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh emwm usifwmawG awmifhwif;wmawGonf

tjcm;"mwfvm;? yx0D"mwfvm;/ (yx0D"mwfygbk&m;)/ tJ'g ½kyfawG/ bmcEmygvdrhf/ (½kyfcEmygbk&m;)/ okdUjzifh

½kyfcEmonf puf0kdif;xJrSm &Sdaewmvm;? ukd,hfrSm&Sdaewmvm;/ (ukd,hfrSm&Sdaewmygbk&m;)/ ukd,hfrSm&SdaewJh ½kyfawGukd

,ckMunhf? ,ckjrifaewmyJ/ rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,f bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh emaewmonf wjcm;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;yg bk&m;)/ usifaewmonf (½kyfw&m;yg)/

anmif;aewmonf (½kyfw&m;yg)/ okdUjzifh tJ'D½kyfw&m;wdkUonf wu,fhwu,fawmhjzifh olUoabmolaqmif aewmyJ/

olU[molemw,f/ ay:vmvkduf? aemuf olU[mol aysmufoGm; vkduf? ysufoGm;vkduf? olU[mol ay:vmvkduf?

80


jzpfvmvkduf? olU[mol aysmufoGm;vkduf? ysufoGm;vkduf? cEmu olUoabmolraqmifbl;vm;/ (aqmifygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh olUoabmolaqmifaeawmh jzpfvmwmvnf; 0rf;omp&mr&Sdbl;/ ysufoGm;wmvnf; (0rf;enf;p&mrvkdbl;)/

apmapmwkef; u ckeajr;av;wpfa,mufukd Oyrmay;xm;NyD; a[mNyD;NyD/

tck w&m;xkdifwJh a,m*DawG[m pdwfxJrSm 0rf;omwJhw&m;av; rudef;bl;vm;/ (udef;ygw,f bk&m;)/

wpfckck tqifajy&if 0rf;rombl;vm;/ (0rf;omygw,f)/ 0rf;omw,fqkdwm[m aomreó a0'emyJ/ aomreó

a0'emqkdvnf; wjcm; ay:wmvm;? cEmay:wmvm;/ (cEmay:wmyg bk&m;)/ emrfcEmay:wm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tkd; -

b,fudpöawG tqifrajyygbl; qkdawmh pdwfxJraumif;bl;/ a'greóa0'em/ bma0'emvJ/ (a'greó a0'em)/

tJ'gonf wjcm; ay:wmvm;? cEmay:wmvm;/ (cEmay:wmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh cEmay:wm ukd,feJUrqkdifbl;/

cEmonf olUtvkyfol rvkyfbl;vm;/ (vkyfygw,f)/ tJawmh 0rf;omw,fqkdwmvnf; olUbmomol ay:NyD;awmhaysmuf/

0rf;enf;w,f qk dwmvnf; ay:NyD;awmhaysmuf/ pdwfcsrf;omw,fqk dwmvnf;ay:NyD; awmhaysmuf/

pdwfqif;&Jw,fqkdwmvnf; ay:NyD;awmhaysmuf? emwmqkd wmvnf; ay:NyD;awmhaysmuf? usifwmvnf;

ay:NyD;awmhaysmuf? 'gukd q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u jzpf-ysuf? 'gcEm&JU oabmyJ/

tJ' Dawmh tJ' DcE¨m&J U oabmav;uk d uk d,furjrifwJ htcgusawmh apmapmu [kwfvm;/

ajr;av;Oyrmay;ovkdyJ jzpfvmawmh 0rf;omovkd vkd? bmvkdvkdaygh/ ysufoGm;wJhtcgusawmh 0rf;enf;ovdkvkdaygh/

0rf;om p&maum &S d&JUvm;/ (r&S dygbl;)/ 0rf;enf;p&maum &S d&JUvm;/ (r&S dygbl; bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

0rf;om0r;fenf;p&mr&Sdwmonf wjcm;jrifvkdfUvm;? cEm jrifvkdUvm;/ (cEmjrifvkdUyg bk&m;)/ cEmukd jrifaevkdU/

cEm&JUoabmudk jrifaevdkU/

tJ'Dawmh 0dyóem ½IwJh a,m*Donf wjcm;Munfh&rSmvm;/ cEmMunfh&rSmvm;/ (cEmMunfh&rSmygbk&m;)/

okdUjzifh anmif;wmay:wm bmawGU (cEmawGUwmyg bk&m;)/ usifwm ay:wm bmawGU (cEmawGU)/ pdwfcsrf;omwm

bmawGU/ (cEmawGUwmyg bk&m;)/ pdwfcsrf;omw,fqkdwm a0'emav/ pdwfqif;&Jqkdwmvnf; (a0'emyg)/ tJ'gawG

ukd,feJU bmywfoufvJ/ (rywfoufygbl;)/ rywfoufbl;qkdwm wjcm;ukd jrifvkdUvm;? cE¨mukdjrifvkdUvm;/

(cEmukdjrifvkdUyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh cEmukdrjrifwJh yk*¾dKvf cEmukdrodwJhyk*¾dKvfusawmh tJ'gawG tukefvkH; igvkyfypf vkdufwm/

trav; igpdwfcsrf;omvkdufwm/ trav; - igpdwfqif;&J vkdufwmeJUqkdwm a0'emukd wjcm;vkyfwmvm;/

igvkyfwmvm;/ (igvkyfwm ygbk&m;)/ uJ - 'Dvkdjzifh ½kyfcEmukd rjrifwJh yk*¾dKvfusawmh trav; igemvkdufwm

jzpfwmyJ/ tm; igrcHEkdifbl;/ [dkbuf 'Dbuf ajymif;OD;rSvkdUrvmbl;vm;/ tJ'g wjcm;rjrifwmvm;/ cEmrjrif

wmvm;/ (cEmrjrifwmyg bk&m;)/ cEmrjrifwJhtwGuf igu tpm;0if oGm;a&m/ bmu tpm;0ifoGm;wmvJ/

(igutpm;0ifoGm;wm yg bk&m;)/ a[m - igqkdwmu 'd|d/ igqkdwmu ('d|dyg bk&m;)/ a[m - 0dyóem½IaewJh

a,m*D 'd|dtkyfoGm;jyefNyD/ uJ-'d|du b,favmufrsm; olUe,fus,fvJqkdwm rif;bmwwf EkdifovJ-wJh/ trav;

- 'd|du Mudrf;wm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f bk&m;)/

0dyóem ÓmPfr&ao;wJhtcgusawmh tm;xkwf tm;xkwfaewm yJ/ trav; - rcHEkdifbl; qkdwmu

b,folESdyfpufoGm;wmvJ/ 'd|du ESdyf pufwm/ 'Dvkdjzifh a,m*DwkdU ,aeU 'Dw&m;tm;xkwfwm wjcm;jzKwfzkdU

vm;? 'd|djzKwfzkdUvm;/ ('d|djzKwfzkdUyg bk&m;)/ 'd|djzKwfzkdUukd 0dyóemÓmPf emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf tajccH &&rSmukd;/

tJ'gaMumihfrkdUvkdU ouúm,'d|donf wjcm;rjrifvkdUvm;? ½kyfemrfrjrifvkdUvm;/ (½kyfemrf rjrifvkdUyg)/ ½kyfemrf

ukdjrifwJhtcgusawmh igjyKwfrSmyg/ ½kyfemrfukd ykdifykdifEkdifEkdifrjrifwJhtcgus awmh emawmhb,folemwmvJ/ igemwm/

trav; igrcHEkdifbl; rjzpfbl; vm;/ 0rf;omawmh b,fol 0rf;omvJ/ ig0rf;omwm/ 0rf;enf;awmh b,fol

0rf;enf;wmvJ/ (ig0rf;enf;wm)/ tJ'Dawmh ½kyfemrfudkjrifwJh tcg usawmh igjyKwfoGm;a&m/ igjyKwfoGm;awmh

'um? 'umrawG igeJUywfouf wJh 'ku©awG vmOD;rvm;/ csufcsif;Nidrf;oGm;NyD/ 'gaMumifh 'Dw&m;onf ,cktm;xkwf

81


,ckcsrf;omwJhw&m;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ t&Sifbk&m;? ,cktm;xkwf ,ckcsrf;omwJhw&m;vkdUom ajymw,f/

tck wynfhawmfwkdU rcsdrqHHH h acR;w'D;'D;usNyD; jyefajy;csifpdwfaygufaewmyJ/ okdUaomf 'um? 'umrwkdU

t&dyfxJoGm;csif&ifawmh aeylawmh jzwf&w,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ okcukdvkdcsif&if 'ku©eJU&if;&r,f/ tck 'DaeU

w&m;tm;xkwfwm acR;'D;'D; usaewm[m wjcm;vkyfwmvm;? t&if;pkduf aewmvm;/ (t&if;pkdufae wmygbk&m;)/

t&if;enf;enf;yJpkduf&if tjrwfenf;enf;yJ&r,f/ t&if;rsm;rsm; pkduf&iftjrwfrsm;rsm;&r,f/

uJ - 'Dawmh? tm;vkH;aom a,m*D 'um? 'umrawG t&if;enf; enf;yJpkdufrSmvm;? rsm;rsm;pkdufrSmvm;/

(rsm;rsm;pkdufrSmyg bk&m;)/ rsm;rsm; pkdufrSaemf/ tJ'Dawmh nrtdyfbJeJU wpfnvkH; tm;xkwfrS jzpfrSm/ t&if;

rsm;rsm;pkdufrSmav/ tjrwfvkdcsifvkdUvm;? rvkdcsifvkdUvm;/ (vkdcsifvkdUyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if cPav;xkdifvkduf?

awmfMum pum;ajymvkdufqkdwm t&if;rS rpdkufbJ aemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh wpfaeukef wpfcgwnf; pyfMum;r&Sd pum;rajymbJeJU

t&if;rsm;rsm;pkduf&rSm/ nvnf; rtdyfbl;uGm? aoyap/ cEmukd n§mvkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tJ'g wjcm;vkyfwmvm;?

t&if;rsm; rsm;pkdufwmvm;/ (t&if;rsm;rsm; pkdufwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd cEmukd t&if; rsm;rsm; pkdfufNyD;awmhom

owdy|mefeJU tm;xkwf&if reuftm;xkwf&if (nae&r,f)/ naetm;xkwf&if (reuf&r,f)/ tJ'Dvkd tm;xkwfEkdifatmif

eHygwfwpf tajccHu wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? ½kyfemrfukdod&rSmvm;/ (½kyfemrfukd od&rSmyg)/ ½kyfemrfukdodwJhtcgusawmh

½kyfukdykdif;jcm;od? emrf ukdykdif;jcm;od/ tJ'Dvkd odNyD; ½kyfemrf&JU oabmukd aoaocsmcsm ½Ivkdufr,f qkd&ifjzifh

a,m*DwkdUvkdcsifwJh r*fÓmPfzkdvfÓmPf edAÁmefqkdwm aorS jrif&rSmvm;? ,ckjrif&rSmvm;/ (,ckjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/

w&m;awmh qufa[mcsifygw,faemf/ tcsdefu awmfOD;rS/ qGrf; csdefvnf; eD;vmNyD/ naerS qufr,f -

[kwfvm;/ uJ - ,aeU reuf awmh 'DavmufeJUyJ ed*kH;csKyfNyD;awmh qkawmif; arwåm ykdUvkdufMu&atmif/

( om"k - om"k - om"k )( om"k - om"k - om"k )


( om"k - om"k - om"k )

d








þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeUb,fES&uf &SdNyDvJ/ (4-&uf&SdygNyDbk&m;)/ 4-

&ufajrmuf\ nae y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;w&m;yGJBuD;ygyJ --- [kwfvm;/ (rSefvSyg)/

owå0gtp

y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;vdkY ajymvdkufwmeJU y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JUoifwef;rSm þ&SpfoG,fudk qdkNyD;awmh vuFmrSm

rygbl;vm;/ (yg-ygw,fbk&m;)/ yxrOD;qHk;pwJh wpfoG,fu rlvESpfjzmaygh/ b,folvJ/ (rlv ESpfjzmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh rlvESpfjzmqdkwm b,foleJU b,folvJ/ (t0dZÆmeJU wPSmygbk&m;)/ tJ - t0dZÆmeJU wPSm[m

owå0gtpt0dZÆmuvdkY 'DvkdqkdEkdifwmaygh [kwfvm;/ owå0gtpu wjcm;upwmvm;? t0dZÆmu pwmvm;/

(t0dZÆmu pwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh owå0g tp? oHo&mtp t0dZÆmu 'DvkdygyJ/ tMurf;zsif;awmh rodwmayghaemf/

okdYaomf bmukdvJqkdawmh odoifh odxkdufwmukd rod? rodoifh rodxdkufwmukd odwmonf (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/

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'gaMumifhrkdUvkdUY wu,fod&r,fhw&m;u opömav;yg;/ tJ'D opömav;yg;ukd rodwm[m b,folygvdrfh/ (t0dZÆmyg

bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh ]]pwåma&m tyg,m oua*[ o'dom}} qkdwJhpum;[m bkef;BuD;wkdU vufukdif ESvkH;oGif;

&r,fhw&m;/ opömav;yg;ukd rodwJhyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ aejrJ tdfrfonf tyg,fav;yg; qkdwm jrwfpGmbk&m; ra[mbl;vm;?

(a[mygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh opömav;yg;ukdrodwJh t0dZÆmqkdawmh vuFmav;eJU oGm;& atmifaemf/ uJ - qkd/

opömav;yg; rodjim; uG,fxm;ydwfum t0dZÆm/

'g--- opömav;yg; rodwm t0dZÆmqkdwm bkef;BuD;wkdY ykHaoenf; wpfck rSwfNyDayghaemf/ 'Dawmh

trSefawGusawmh azsmufNyD; trSm; trSm; trSm;awG usa&mufaewmvJ t0dZÆmyJ/ uJ-'gav;wpfacguf qkd&atmif-

trSefukdazsmuf trSm;a&muf awmufavQmufydwfum t0dZÆm/

'Dvkdqkdawmh trSefw&m;awGrSmuG,fNyD; tjrJwrf;trSm;w&m;awGeJU aewmvnf; b,folUowdåvJ/ (t0dZÆmyg

bk&m;)/ t0dZÆm? ESpfzufvT? odyfaMumufp&m aumif;w,f/ trSefusawmh azsmufw,f? trSm;usawmh a&mufw,faemf/

trSefusawmh rod? trSm;usawmh (od)? tJ'g b,folU owdåvJ/ (t0dZÆmowdåd)/ aemufwpfcg -

ÓmPfa&mifroef; uHa&mifvTrf; zkH;vTrf;ydwfum t0dZÆm/

vkdU t0dZÆmukd 'Dvkd zGifhygw,f aemf/

tJ'Dawmh ÓmPfrygvkdU&Sd&ifvnf; 'g t0dZÆmyJaygh/ 'g t0dZÆmqkdwm tifrwef El;nHhw,f? odrfarGUw,fayghaemf/

,aeUbkef;BuD;wkdY t0dZÆmukd ,aeUowfaeMuwm/ tck 'Dw&m;tm;xkwfaewm bmukd owfaeMuwm vJ/ (t0dZÆmukd

owfaeMuwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh t0dZÆm[m ukokdvfvm;? tukokdvfvm;/ (tukokdvfyg bk&m;)/ okdYjzihf&if tJ'D

t0dZÆmqkdwJh tukokdvf w&m;BuD;[m bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG wpfoufvkH; wpfoHo&mvkH; oltkyfcsKyfvmwm/

wpfoufvkH; wpfoHo&mvkH; oltkyfcsKyfvmawmh olU&JU tkyfcsKyfrIatmufuae rxGufEkdifonfhtwGufaMumifh oHo&mrSm

tyg,fyJ a&mufcJhwmygyJ/ b,fa&mufcJhwmvJ/ (tyg,fyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ,aeU 'Dw&m;awGtm;xkwfaew,f/

'Dw&m;awG tqif;&JcH tyifyef;cHNyD; emNyD; tm;xkwfaeMuw,f qkdwmu t0dZÆmuae bmjzpfzkdU/ (0dZÆmjzpfzkdUyg

bk7m;)/ 0dZÆmjzpfzkdU/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if t0dZÆmjzpfaewmu b,fvkdjzpfaewmvJvkdU ukd,hfukd,fukd odzkdUvkdyg w,f/

t0dZÆmjzpfw,fqkdwm b,fvkdjzpfw,fqdkwm ukd,fhukd,fukd odzkdU rvkdbl;vm;/ (vkdygw,f bk&m;)/

okdYjzifh7if - jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; a[mxm;wmu a[m 'D cEmig;yg;awG[m tedpöw&m;awG?

'ku©w&m;awG? tewåw&m;awG? tokbw&m;awGvkdU a[mygw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ ra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f

bk&m;)/ wu,f vufawGUusifh&ifvnf;yJ tedpö 'ku© tewå tokb qkdwJh w&m;onf bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*DwkdU?

'um? 'umrwkdU &&SdaewJh cEmrSm r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dw&m;awGu trSef wu,f

r&SdwJhw&m;vm;? trSefwu,f &Sdaewmvm;/ (trSefwu,f &Sd aewmyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU ukd,fhudpöeJUukd,fajym&if ukd,fhrSm trSefwu,f &SdaewJh tokbukd udk,fjrifyg/

ukd,fh&SdwJh tokbukd ÓmPfeJUjrif&r,faemf/ 'Dawmh a,m*Dopfrsm;ygaevkdU 'gav; tajccH bkef;BuD; wwfEkdifoavmuf

aus;Zl;jyKygw,faemf/ bmaMumif hvJqkdawmh t0dZÆmonf jAKef;ceJ tJ-wpfcgavmufemvkduf&ifawmh

oabmaygufygw,f/ wpfcgrS 'Dw&m;rsdK;remzl;bl;qkd&ifawmh t0dZÆmb,fvkdtkyfaerSef;ukd rodwm/ &Sif;aum

&Sif;&JUvm;/ trav; t0dZÆmuae 0dZÆmjzpfatmif b,favmuf xdatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&rvJ/ b,favmufxd

yGm;rsm;ae&rvJ/ b,favmufxdrS ukd wpfcgwnf; &dyfomawG 0ifae&rvJ/ wu,f tvkyfvkyf rMunhfwJhtcg

rSmawmhvnf; tvkdvkd pdwfyef;aewmygyJa,m*DwkdU/ (rSefvSyg)/ okdUaomf olU[mav;eJUol cGifusvkyfoGm;awmhvnf;

tomav; ygoGm;wmayg h/ tJ'Dawmh rod&if aMumufp&mtaumif;qk H;? odawmhvnf; tifrwef

0rf;omp&maumif;wmaygh/

'Dawmh - bkef;BuD;vnf; tjrJwrf;ajymygw,f/ ukd,fhtokb ukd ukd,frjrif&if wjcm;vm;? t0dZÆmvm;/

(t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh bkef;BuD; wkdU 'um? 'umrawG tckw&m;a[mwJh bkef;BuD; w&m;emwJh 'um?

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'umrawG &&SdaewJh a[m'D twåabmBuD;[m okbcEm vm;/ tokb cEmvm;/ (tokbcEmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if ukd,fhrSm&SdwJh tokbukd ukd,frjrif&if b,foltkyf/ (t0dZÆmtkyfygw,f bk&m;)/ t0dZÆm tkyf&if

wjcm;jzpfrSmvm;? wd&pämefjzpfrSmvm; (wd&pämef jzpffrSmyg bk&m;)/ [kwfNyD -- 'gubkef;BuD;wkdY y&d,wftaejzifh

oifvkdufwmaygh/ tJ'Doifvkduf wJh y&d,wfukd tif; - ig t0dZÆm b,fvkdtkyfwmvJ? ukd,fhrSm b,fvkdtkyf aevJ

ukd,fhukd obm0usus jyefMunhfzkdU ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f bk&m;)/ uJ? 'Dawmh qHzsm;uae ajczsm;ukdMunfh&if

wpfukd,fvkH; wpfxnf vkH;onf 32-aum|mo r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D 32-aum|morSm Oyrm -

acgif;aygufaeonfh qHyifonf okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbyg bk&m;)/ tokb/

'g bkef;BuD;wkdU tokbtaMumif;ukd omraPav;awG &Sifavmif; awG qHcsawmhr,fqkd&if 'Dtokbukd

jrifatmif bkef;BuD;wkdU ajym&w,f/ ]]armif&ifavmif;wkdU armif&JUacgif;ay:rSmaygufaewJh qHyif[m tokb awGyJ}}

qkdawmh Ak'bmomu tokbqkdwJh pum;Mum;vkduf&ifyJ enf;enf; wkefvIyfoGm;w,f/ tokbvkdYajymvkduf&if

vlwpfa,mufaoNyD; wpfcgwnf; ukwifay:rSm yufvufvSef okH;&uf av;&ufavmufusawmh teHUav; bmav;

xGufvmawmh tokb? trav; ESmacgif;awG bmawG ½IHUvkdU/ tokbqkdwm ESpfoufp&mvm;? rESpfoufp&mvm;/

(rESpfoufp&myg bk&m;)/ olrsm; tokbaemf/

okdYaomf olrsm;tokbom jrifw,f? bkef;BuD;wkdU ukd,fhtokbukd,f rjrifbl;/ 'Dvkdjzifh ukd,fhtokb

ukd,frjrifbl;qkdwm bmaMumifhvJ qkd&if Oyrm acgif;rSmaygufaewJh qHyifonf okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbyg

bk&m;)/ tokb/ jAKef;ceJ ajymvkdufawmh t&Sifbk&m; acgif;rSmaygufae wJhqHyif tifrwefrGefjrwfwmyJ/ acgif;qkdwm

trGeftjrwfxm;wm/ Ak' bmom0if olawmfpifawGu acgif;ay:rSmaygufwJhqHyifukd trGefwjrwf rxm;bl;vm;/

(xm;ygw,f bk&m;)/ tifrwef jrifhjrwfw,f/ wpfcsdKUqkd trav; qHyifav;jzwfNyD;awmhawmif bk&m;XmyemxJ

xnfhwmu &Sdao;w,f/ jAKef;ceJqkdawmh [kwfovkdvkdAsaemf/

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU "mwfcGJMunhf&atmifaemf/ bmvkyfMunfh&rvJ/ ("mwfcGJMunhf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ 0dZÆmenf;eJU

"mwf cGJMunhfvkduf&if qHyifrSm ta&mifqkdwm &Sdw,f/ teHUqkdwm&Sdw,f/ ykHoP²mefqkdwm &Sdw,f/ r&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ qHyifrSm teHU qkdwm tJ'g bkef;BuD;wkdU &SifjyKNyDqkdvkdU&Sd&if qHcsumeD; 'g tjrJwrf; owd

ay;&w,f/ tokbukd jrifatmifayghaemf/ 'Dawmh ukd,fhacgif;rSm aygufaewJh qHyif[m olU&JUobm0 teHUu

ñSDpkdUpkdU ykwftJhtJh teHU&Sdw,f/ r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'um? 'umrwkdYu ]][m-wynfhawmfwkdU

t&Sifbk&m;ajymwm r,kHbl;}}/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD; owday;csifw,f/ r,kH&if vufawGUprf;Munfhyg/ ukd,fhacgif; ukd

wpfvavmuf ESpfvavmuf qDrvdrf; bmrvdrf; ravQmfrjyKbJeJU 'Dtwkdif;xm; Munfhprf;yg/ ukd,fhacgif;ukd,f

ESmacgif;eJU wifEkdifyghrvm;/ (rwifEkdifygbl; bk&m;)/ bmteHUxGufvmvJ/ (tokbteHU xGufvmygw,f bk&m;)/

tokb eHUxGufNyD -- aemf/ tJ'gu vufawGUjywJh oabm/

uJ - 'Dawmh teHUeJUMunhf&if ukd,fhacgif;rSmaygufaewJhqHyifonf okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbygbk&m;)/

okbqkdwm ESpfoufp&m jrwfEkd;p&m wG,fwmp7m/ tokbqkdwm rESpfoufp&m &GHp&m aMumufp&m ESvkH;emp&maygh/

qefYusifbufoabmaemf/ tJ'Dawmh qHyifonf teHUeJUMunhf&ifyJ obm0ukdu ykwfapmfeHaeaomaMumifh aeUpOfaeUwkdif;

jyKjyifae&wm r[kwfbl;vm;/ (rSefvSyg/) 'Dvkdjzifh aeUpOf aeUwkdif;jyKjyif ae&wmu okbrkdUvdkUvm;? tokbrkdUvkdUvm;/

(tokbrkdUvkdUygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh teHUeJUMunhf&if vnf; tokbw&m;yJ/ rESpfoufp&m aemf/ ta&mifeJU Munhf&if

qHyifta&mif[m a,m*DwkdUavmurSm &SdorQ ta&mifawG trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ vlawG&JU BudKufESpfoufwJhta&mif

xJrSm qHyif ta&mifyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ rGJajcmufajcmufeJU/ tifrwef usufoa& r&SdwJhta&mif/

acgif;rSm aygufaewJh qHyif[m rnf;awmhvnf; rnf;ovkd? jzLawmhvnf;yJ jzLovkd - [kwfvm;/ a[m tck

jrefrmEkdifiH usawmh tcsdKU tck eDaMumifaMumifawGawmif qkd;xm;jyefw,f/ qHyifukd/ tcsdKU jzLawmh

trnf;a&mifqkd;w,f/ tcsdKUusawmh rnf;wJhOpömukd eDaMumifaMumif jzpfatmif qkd;w,f/ tokbukd wefqmqifaewm/

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tJawmh ta&mifeJUMunfhvnf; usufoa&r&SdwJhta&mifBuD; acgif;ay:wifxm;wm qkdawmh tokbw&m; ajymcsifwmyg/

&Sif;NyDaemf/

uJ 'Dawmh aumif;NyD? qHyifykHoP²mefMunfh&if tifrwef rESpfouf p&m ykHoP²mef r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f

bk&m;)/ &SdNyDaemf/ 'g - bkef;BuD;wkdY y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemukd ajymaewm a,m*DwkdU/ tJ'Dawmh jyefNyD;aumufvkduf/

qHyifonf teHUeJUMunhfMunhf? ykHoP ²mefeJUyJMunhfMunfh ta&mifeJUMunhfMunhf ESpfoufp&m b,f[mrsm; ygvkdUvJ/

(ryg-ygbl; bk&m;)/ rygaomaMumifh tJ'gonf tokbvkdY qkH;jzwfcsufcs/ bmygvdrhf./ (tokbyg bk&m;)/

bke f ; BuD ;awGu&dwfxm;awmh tokbacgi f ;ay:rwifawmhbl;/ 'um? 'umrawGuawmh

qHyifu&SnfaewJhtcgusawmh acgif;ay:rSm bmBuD;wif xm;wmvJ/ (tokbacgif;ay:wifxm;wmygbk&m;)/ tif;

- 'Dudk,fawmfeJU awGUrSyJ ukd,fhacgif;ay: tokba&mufrSef; odawmhw,f/ t"dyÜm,fayghaemf/ okdUaomf tpuwnf;

uvnf; okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbyg bk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ okdUaomf tJ'Dvkd aeUpOfaeUwkdif; ukd,fhqHyifukd

rjyKjyif&bl;vm;/ (jyKjyif&ygw,fbk&m;)/ zD;Muw,f/ vdrf;Mu&w,f/ oyfoyf&yf&yfvkyf& w,f/ vSvSyyjzpfatmif

jyKjyif&w,faygh/ avmueJU aewmukd;/ avmueJU txkduftavsmuf tqifajyatmifaygh/ rzD;rvdrf;bJeJU

qHyifpkwfzGm;BuD; Munfh aumif;yghrvm;/ (raumif;ygbl; bk&m;)/ b,faumif;rvJ/ avmurSm wifhw,fatmifawmh

vkyf&ao;w,f/

okdUaomf bmawGyJvkyfvkyf 'um? 'umrawG qHyifu okbjzpfvm Ekdifyghrvm;/ (rjzpfvmEkdifygbl;

bk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'Dvkd aeUpOfaeUwkdif; qHyifukd jyKjyifwkdif; zD;wkdif; vdrf;wkdif; jc,fowkdif;

avQmfwkdif; zGyfwkdif;ukd uJ-bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG ESvkH;a&moGif;rd&JUvm;/ (roGif;rdygbl;bk&m;)/ tokbBuD;ygvm;/

tokbBuD;ygvm;/ tJvkdESvkH;oGif;rd &JUvm;/ (roGif;rdygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tokbonf r&SdwJhw&m;vm;?

&SdaewJhw&m;vm;/ (&SdaewJh w&m;yg bk&m;)/ okdUjzifh &Sdaewmukd jrifwmvm;? rjrifwmvm;/ (rjrifwmyg bk&m;)/

rjrifbl;/ wu,ftrSef&Sdwmukd rjrifbl;/ tJ'D wu,ftrSef &Sdwmudkrjrifwmonf b,folygvdrfh/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/

trSef&Sdwmusawmh olurjrifbl;/ trSm;usawmhjrifw,f/ trSefudkazsmuf trSm;a&muf awmufavQmuf ydwfum

t0dZÆm/ qkdMunhfyg/ (trSefukd azsmuf trSm;a&muf awmufavQmuf ydwfum t0dZÆm)/

BudKwifvufrSwfBudKwifvufrSwfBudKwifvufrSwfBudKwifvufrSwfBudKwifvufrSwf

trSefukdusawmh oluazsmufypfNyD; trSm;usawmh a&mufw,f/ 'g ukd,fhacgif;rSm&SdwJhqHyif tokbvkdU

wpfaeukefaevkdU rpOf;pm;rdbl;/ okdUaomf pOf;omrpOf;pm; rdw,f/ a[m'D acgif;rSmaygufaewJh qHyifonf okb

jzpf&JUvm;/ (rjzpfygbl; bk&m;)/ rjzpfbl;aemf/ rjzpfbl;/ tJ'Dawmh tokbqkdwmukd ukd,furpOf;pm;bl;/ enf;enf;vnf;

pdwfxJu aMumuf wwfwwf &Sdawmhaemf/ rpOf;pm;bl;/ tif; - apmapmpD;pD; rpOf;pm;eJU t"dyÜm,faemf/ a[m -

jyKvkdU jyifvkdU qifvkdU ponfjzifh ukd,fh[mav; eJYukd,f ausmharmhNyD; pdwfxJrSm rMunfvifbl;vm;/ (Munfvifygw,f

bk&m;)/ tif; - vSvSyyav;jzpfNyD qkdawmh vScsifw,f? ycsifw,f? tqifajycsif w,f qkdawmh ]]csif}} yg&if

bm aumufrvJ/ (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ w&m;ukd,f aumufNyDayghaemf/ a,m*DwkdU ]]csif}} yg&if bmwJhvJ/ (wPSmyg

bk&m;)/ <um;csifw,f? 0gcsifw,f? bmcsifw,f nmcsifw,fqkd&if bmjzpfwmvJ/ (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

wPSmonf ukodkvfvm;? tukokdvfvm;/ (tukodkvfyg bk7m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'Dvkd tukokdvfjzpfwmonf trSefukdjrif

vkdUvm;/ trSefukd rjrifvkdUvm;/ (trSefukd rjrifvkdUyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh trSef tokbukd rjrifwmu (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ rjrifwJh twGuf udk,fh[mav;eJUukd,f

oabmusaewmu (wPSmygbk&m;)/ rjrif wmu (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ cifwmu (wPSmyg bk&m;)/ aMomf - ukd,fh

[mav;eJUudk,f jyKjyifaewmqkdawmh cifwmaygh/ 'um? 'umrawG &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

'Dvkdjzifh&if reufrkd;vif;vkdU udk,fhcEmukd,f acgif;uqHyif jyKjyifNyD qkduwnf;u b,foleJUb,folu

85


ESdyfpufaevJ/ (t0dZÆmeJU wPSmyg bk&m;)/ rodbl; - tJ'g ESdyfpufaewm rodbl;aemf/ 'g- tifrwef tEkpdwfygw,f

a,m*DwkdU/ tJ'Dawmh t0dZÆmqkdwJhw&m;onf wjcm;oGm; rSmvm;/ wd&pämefjynf oGm;rSmvm;/ (wd&pämefjynfoGm;rSmyg

bk&m;)/ wPSm avmbonf wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? NydwåmjynfoGm;rSmvm;/ (NydwåmjynfoGm; rSmygbk&m;)/ reufawmif

rdk;rvif;ao;bl;/ 'um? 'umrawG ukd,foGm;r,fh ae&ma&G;NyD/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;vJ/ t0dZÆm

wPSmaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ - ukd,foGm;rJhae&mu b,fae&mvJ/ tyg,f/ cke trSef&SdaewJh tokbukd trSefrjrifwmu b,folygvdrfh/

(t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh t0dZÆmav; wpfcsuf 0ifwkdif;0ifwkdif; wjcm;vSrf;Munhf wmvm;/ wd&pämefjynf

vSrf;Munhfwmvm;/ (wd&pämefjynf vSrf;Munhfwmyg bk&m;)/ raoao;vkdU/ 'DcEmusefaeao;vkdU - aemf/ 0dygu0#fBuD;u

'DrSm 'ku©trsdK;rsdK; cHzkdU &Sdao;w,f/ aovkdUrjzpfao;bl;/ tJ'D 0dygu0#f &Sdaeao;onfhtwGufaMumifh raoao;vkdU/

odkdUaomfvnf; 'um? 'umrawG [kdrSm BudKwifNyD;awmh p&ef½kdufxm;NyDAsm/ BudKwif p&ef½kdufw,f/ 'g

bkef;BuD;tjrJwrf;vnf; owday; Oyrmav; ajymzl;ygw,f/

c&D;vrf;oGm;aeMuwJh 'um? 'umrawG &xm;eJU? um;eJU oGm; awmh ae&maumif;&zkdU apmapmpD;pD;

BudKNyD;awmh vufrSwfjzwfw,f r[kwf bl;vm;/ (rSefvSyg)/ &efukefuae rE Åav;oGm;r,f/ b,faeUoGm;r,f/

BudKNyD;awmh vufrSwfjzwfwm/ tJ'Dawmh vufrSwfawmh jzwfxm;w,f/ b,faeUus&if oGm;r,fqkdwm raocsmbl;vm;/

(aocsmygw,f bk&m;)/ okdUaomf oGm;awmhroGm;ao;bl;/ 'gayrJh BudKNyD;awmh bmvkyfwmvJ/ (vuf rSwfjzwfygw,f

bk7m;)/ 'g - Oyrmaqmif a[mwmaemf/

tJ'Dawmh ckvnf;yJ bkef;BuD;wkdUtm;vkH; a,m*Drsm; tokbukd tokb acgif;rSmayguf aewmukd rjrifwkdif;

rjrifwkdif;? rodwkdif; rodwkdif; vufrSwfBudKBudK jzwfaewm/ ukd,foGm;rJhae&mudk/ ukd,foGm;csifwJhae&mukd bmvkyfwmvJ/

uJ - aeYpOf aeUpOf jzwfwJh BudKwifvufrSwfawGu 'keJUa';ygvm;/ (rSefvSyg)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ 'g -

bkef;BuD;ajcmufa[mwm yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ [kdrSm t0dZÆmwpfckukd ajymaewmaemf/ ajcmufa[mwm yg&JUvm;/

(rygygbl; bk7m;)/ [kwfNyD/ jzpfpOfukduf/ tJ'gukd bkef;BuD;u y&d,wftaejzifh a'oempOftm;jzifh a[mvkduf NyD/

tJ'D y&d,wfa[mwJh a'oempOfukd udk,fhcEmxJjyefNyD;Munhfvkduf&if acgif;rSmaygufaewJh qHyif&JU tokbukd

rjrifwkdif; rjrifwkdif; b,fw&m; tkyfcsKyfwmvJ/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u rdefUw,f/ bkef;BuD;ukd pum;vkH;av; wpfvkH;awmh ajymcGifhjyKaemf/ udk,fhrdawG

zawG av;pm;ygw,f/ t0dZÆmqkdwm bkef;BuD;avQmha[mvkdUvnf;r&bl;/ ykda[mvkdUvnf; r&bl;/ tJawmh-

tJ'DvkdtrSef&SdaewJh trSefw&m;ukd rjrifwkdif; rjrifwkdif; 'Dpdwfonf wjcm; pdwfvm;? wd&pämefpdwfvm;/

(wd&pämefpdwfygbk7m;)/ uJ-'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU rdawGzawG av;av;pm;pm;ygyJ - [kwfvm;/ wpfaeU wpfaeU

tJ'Dpdwf b,fES,fhcgaygufvJ/ (ra&rwGufEkdifygbl;bk&m;)/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;vJ/

'gaMumifh - a[m'D y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;udk rem&? y#dpöorkyÜg'fjzwfwJh tvkyfukdrS rvkyforQ umvywfvkH;

aeUpOfaeUwkdif; wd&pämefpdwfjzpfae w,fvkdU aus;Zl;&Sifrkd;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; u½kPm"mwfeJU rdefUawmfrl

oGm;ygw,fa,m*DwkdU/ tJ'gu bkef;BuD;u vkd&if;Oyrm a[m'Dacgif;rSm aygufaewJh qHyifav;wpfckajymwm/

tJ'Dawmh reuf rkd;vif;awmh rsufESmopfNyDqkduwnf;u uJ - 'um? 'umrawG ropfvkdU jzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;

bk&m;)/ bmjzpfvkdU opfwmbJ/ (tokbrkdUvkdUyg bk&m;)/ reuf rkd;vif;vmNyDqkdawmh rsufvkH;awGu bmawGxGufvmvJ/

(rsufacs;awGyg bk7m;)/ okbvm;? tokbvm;/ (tokbyg bk&m;)/ rsufacs;odrf;xm;wmrsm; &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;

bk&m;)/ b,folrS rodrf;bl;-aemf/ rsufESmopf ypf&w,f/ rwifhw,fbl;/ awmfMum oGm;wkduf&wmeJU?

rsufESmopf&wmeJU 'g - bkef;BuD;wkdU aeUpOfvkyf&wJh tvkyfav/ vlyJjzpfjzpf? &[ef;yJjzpfjzpf? 'umyJjzpfjzpf?

'umryJjzpfjzpf 'Dtvkyfua&SmifvkdUr&bl;/ 'Dvkdjzifh okbrkdUvkdYvm;? tokbrkdUvkdUvm;/ (tokbrkdUvkdUygbk&m;)/

86


aMomf - ckawmh 'Da'oempOfav; axmufjyvkdufwm aMomf - [kwfwmaygh? rsufpduxGufaewJh rsuf0wfawG?

rsufacs;awG[m tokb w&m;awG rwifhw,fbl;? tifrwef &GHp&maumif;wJht&mawGygvm; qkdNyD; awmh aeYwkdif;

rsufESmawGropf&bl;vm;/ (opf&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd rsufESmopfwm okbrkdUvkdUvm;? tokbrkdUvkdUvm;/

(tokbrkdUvkdUyg bk&m;)/ [kwfNyD - 'guawmh bkef;BuD;u a'oempOf a[mwm/ tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwkdU u

udkf,fhukd,fukd jyefar;/ tJ'Dvkd rsufESmopfwkdif; opfwkdif; 'D - tokb BuD; rsufESmopfae&ygvm;vkdU

pOf;aumpOf;pm;rd&JUvm;/ (rpOf;pm;rdygbl; bk7m;)/ tokb r[kwfvkdUvm;? [kwf&JUeJU rpOf;pm;wmvm;/ ([kwf&JUeJU

rpOf;pm;wmyg bk&m;)/ okdYjzifh&if trSefwu,f &SdaewmukdrjrifbJeJU trSm; jrifwmubmwJhvJ/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/

trSefukdazsmuf? trSm;a&muf? awmufavQmuf ydwfum t0dZÆm/ tJ'Dawmh reufrkd;vif;awmh rsufvkH;ESpf vkH;yGifhawmh

rsufESmopfwmqkdwmawmifrSyJ 'um? 'umrawG tokbukd rjrifbl;/ apmapmpD;pD; usufoa&r&SdwmBuD;

rpOf;pm;&Jbl;/ aMumufu vnf; enf;enf;aMumufw,f/ apmapmpD;pD; qkdawmh/ wGufMunhfaemf/ b,fol

tkyfcsKyfoGm;wmvJ/ (t0dZÆm tkyfcsKyfwmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh t0dZÆmtkyfcsKyfoGm;w,fqkdawmh b,fukdoGm;r,fvkdU vufrSwfjzwf/ (wd&pämefjynfyg bk&m;)/

pOf;pm;Munfhprf; 'um? 'umrwkdU/ 'Dw&m;rsm; tvkyfrvkyfvkdU&Sd&ifjzifh ukd,fhtwGuf tyg,fav;yg;ygyJ/

'Dvkdjzif h tJ'D tokbw&m;onf tjcm;w&m;vm;? 'ku©opömw&m;vm;/ ('ku©opömw&m;yg bk&m;)/

reufrkd;vif;uwnf;u opömrjrifbl;/ &Sif;&Sif;av;&,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh a[m'D cEmudk,f wpfckvkH;ukd rsufESmopf

&wmu wpfrsdK;? oGm;wkduf&wmu wpfrsdK;? a&csdK;&wmu wpfrsdK;? [m-awmfMumawmh wykdwyg; ykdU&wmu

wpfrsdK; 'DcEmukd,feJUywfoufNyD;awmh tJ'gawGu okbawGvm;? tokbawGvm;/ (tokbawGyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dvkd ukd,fhtokbukd ukd,f wpfcgrQ rpOf;pm;rdbl;? rodbl;qkdvkdU &Sd&if tjcm;w&m; tkyfcsKyfwmvm;?

t0dZÆmw&m; tkyfcsKyfwmvm;/ (t0dZÆmw&m; tkyfcsKyfwmygbk&m;)/ aumif;NyD 'g-t0dZÆm wpfvkH;wnf; ajymwmayghaemf/

okdUaomf t0dZÆm qkdwJhtaz&Sd&if wPSmqkdwJh tarua&m rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'DawmhrS ukd,fhcEmukd

tav;xm;NyD; jyKumjyifum bmnmvkyfwJhtcgusawmh tkd; - ukd,fh[mav;eJUukd,frsm; oabmawGusvkdU/

udk,fhcEmukd,f cifrifwm wG,fwmwmaygh? oabmus w,fqkdwm wjcm;vm;? wPSmvm;/ (wPSmyg bk&m;)/

okdUjzifh wPSmonf wjcm;vm;? avmbvm;/ (avmbygb&m;)/ avmbeJUaoawmh (Nydw åmjynfyg bk&m;)/

tJ - rkd;rvif;ao;bl;/ wd&pämefjynfoGm;zkdU vufrSwfjzwf? NydwåmjynfoGm;zkdU vufrSwfjzwf/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'DMum;xJu wpfcgwav ukd,fhukd,fukd pdwfxJu tdyf&mxawmh acgif;u w,frMunfcsifbl;/ tif;-

&dyfoma&muf&if 'gawmhowdxm;aemf/ tdfrfrSm 7-em&D? 8-em&DrS tdyf,mxwm? 'DrSm 4-em&Dqdk xNyD/ a[m

acgif;u w,frMunfcsifbl;/ rsufESmomopf&w,f/ roGm;vkdUrjzpfvkdUomoGm;wmwJh/ a[m - Oyrm? Oyrm/

'Dvkdr[kwfygbl;aemf? 'Da,m*DawG 'DvkdpdwfrsdK;r&Sdbl;? tif;- tif;-jzpfwwfwJhobm0/ &Sdvnf;

rajymbl;/ pdwfcs/ uG,f&musrS ajymr,f/ a&SUwifajymvkdU roihfawmfbl; - [kwfvm;/ tJ'DvkdjzpfNyDqkdawmh 'um?

'umrawG pOf;pm;Munhf tvkdrusbl;qkdawmh wjcm;vm;? a'govm;/ (a'goygbk&m;)/ 'Dt&mwpfckudk trSefrjrif&if

arm[qkdwJh t0dZÆmu wpfrsdK;? ukd,fhukd oabmusaewJh cifrifwG,fwmaewJh cifrifwJh avmbu wpfrsdK;?

tvkdrusawmh a'gou wpfrsdK; qkdawmh aeUpOfaeUwkdif; avmb? a'go? arm[? qkdwm 'gawGyJ

tkyfcsKyfaew,fqkdawmh ok*wdedAÁmef b,faerSef;rodbl;/ tJ'gaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m; ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; vufonf;cGHay:

ajrrIefUwifjywm 'um? 'umrwkdUaemf/ ESpfodef; av;aomif;txk&Sdaom yx0DajrBuD;ESifhtrQ wjcm;oGm;wmvm;/

tyg,f oGm;wmvm;/ (tyg,foGm;wmyg bk&m;)/ tck bkef;BuD;wkdU tifrwef r[muHxl;&SifBuD;awGrkdU vufoJcGHay:

ygvmwm/ vlUjynfa&mufvmwm/ tJ'Dvkd vlUjynfa&mufvmwJhtcgrSm 'Dvkd ÓmPfw&m;awGom tm;rxkwfvdkU

udk,fhy#dpöorkyÜg'f udk,fjzwfwJhtvkyfukd rvkyfbl;qkd&if cke r[myx0DajrBuD; xJ ukd,fjyefa&mufoGm;Ekdifw,f/

&Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

87


tBuD;rm;qH k;tjypftBuD;rm;qH k;tjypftBuD;rm;qH k;tjypftBuD;rm;qH k;tjypftBuD;rm;qH k;tjypf

tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU tJ'D t0dZÆmuae 0dZÆmjzpfatmif 'um? 'umr awG ÓmPfb,fESpfÓmPf &-&rvJ/

(ig;ÓmPf &-&ygr,fbk&m;)/ tzkH; b,fESpfzkH; cGm&rvJ/ (ig;zkH;cGm&ygr,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D ig;zkH;cGmvkduf&if 'um?

'umrawG vkdcsifwJhae&mukd ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,fbk&m;)/

ÓmPfb,fESÓmPfvJ/ (ig;ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD - tJ'DÓmPf ig;ÓmPfrSm reufuawmh bkef;BuD; emr½ly

y&dapä'ÓmPf enf;enf;pxm; w,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ tck eHygwfwpf jyefukdifr,f/ eHygwfwpfÓmPfu bmÓmPfygvdrfh/

(ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf)/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|d ÓmPfaemf/

ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfu uHESifhtusdK;ay;udk ,kHMunfwJh ÓmPf/ tck uHukda[mrSmaemf/ bmukda[mrSmvJ/

(uHukdyg bk&m;)/ uHESifhtusdK;ay;udk em;rvnfvkdU oabmraygufvkdU rusifhokH;bl;qkd&if ed,wrdpäm'd|d jzpfw,f/

pum;vkH;wpfvkH; wkd;oGm;NyD/ rSwfvkdufyg a,m*DopfawG/ uHESifhtusdK;ay;ukd vufrcH em;rvnf&if bm'd|d/

(ed,w rdpäm'd|dyg bk&m;)/ uHESifhtusdK;ay;ukd em;vnfatmif bkef;BuD;u 'g&Sif;yghr,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'DuHESifh

tusdK;ay;ukd bmjzpfvkdU&Sif;&wmvJ qkdvkdU&Sd&if uHESifh tusdK;ay;ukd em;rvnfvkdU vufrcHvkdU rusifhokH;vkdUqkd&if

bm'd|djzpf? (ed,wrdpäm'd|dygbk&m;)/ ed,w rdpäm'd|dqkdwm[m oHo&mopfikwfwJh/ q&mawmfBuD;vnf; rdefUoGm;w,f/

ed,wrdpäm'd|dukd b,fvkdac:/ (oHo&mopfikwfygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD - oHo&m opfikwfqkdwm bmajymrSef;rodbl;/

jrefrmpum; jrefrmoabmraygufbl; jzpfaew,f [kwfvm;/

o Ho&mop fi kw fq k dwm[m b,fb k&m ;tq lq l c Rw faom fvn f ;y J ruRw fE k d i fwmu k d

oHo&mopfikwfvkdUac:ygw,f/ pum;vkH;wpfvkH; wkd;vm jyefNyD/ oHo&mopfikwfqkdwJh t"dyÜm,fu b,fbk&m;

tqlqlcRwfaomfvnf; ruRwfbl;wJh/ tukokdvfBuD;tm;BuD;vkdU ruRwfekdifwm/ aemufwpfvkH;u yÍömeEÅ&d,uHawmh

tm;vkH;em;vnfavmufyg w,faemf/ uJ - 'gav; A[kokwjzpfatmif qkdvkduf&atmif/

(1) trdudkowfwm = rmwkCmwu

(2) tzukdowfwm = ydwkCmwu

(3) &[EÅmukdowfwm = t&[EÅCmwu

(4) bk&m;udk aoG;pdrf;wnfatmifjyKwm = avm[dwkyÜg'u

(5) oHCmoif;uGJatmifvkyfwm = oHCab'u

b,fESpfyg; (ig;yg;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd yÍömeE Å&d,uHig;yg;vkdU ac:w,f/ 'Dawmh Ak'¨bmomrSm 'D

yÍömeEÅ&d,uHig;yg;oifhcJygw,f/ oifhcJygw,f - aemf/ okdUaomfvnf;yJ bk&m;vufxufu tZmwowf wkdUaygh?

a'0'wfwkdUaygh-aemf? yÍömeEÅ&d,uH roifhbl;vm;/ (oifhygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd yÍömeE Å&d,uHoifh&if r*fwm;

zkdvfwm;jzpf? ao&if i&Jus? 'Db0 tm;xkwfcsifoavmuf tm;xkwf? edAÁmefr&bl;/ 'DuHu umuG,fvkdufNyD/

'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU t*kFvdrmvBuD; owfvmwm? ratukd owfzkdU tcsdefuav;eD;wJhtcsdefav;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif

0ifNyD;cRwf&wm r[kwfbl;vm;/ (rSefvSyg)/ atmifjcif;&Spfyg;ukd jyefMunhfaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh vlawGukdowfwmu r*fwm;

zkdvfwm; rjzpfbl;/ tarukdowf&if ckeuajymwJh *kPfBuD;&SifjzpfwmaMumifh rdcifudkowfrdvkdfuf&if 'Dyk*¾dKvf

r*fwm;zkdvfwm;jzpf? ao&ifi&JusrSm/ 'gukd bk&m;&Sif ukd,fawmfjrwf jrifawmfrlwJh tcgusawmh om;eJUtartMum;rSm

0ifNyD;awmh r&yf&bl;vm;/ 'g bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*DwkdU tjrifyJaemf/ ½kd;½kd;vlwpfa,mufeJU rdbeJU rwlbl;aemf/ [kdu

*kPfBuD;&SifjzpfwJhtwGuf tJ'D *kPfBuD;&Sifukd oGm;NyD;awmh owfrdvdkuf&if bmuHvJ/ (yÍömeEÅ&d,uH)/ 'Dawmh

aumif;NyD/ tJ'D yÍömeEÅ&d,uHudk usL;vGefwJhyk*¾dKvf 'Db0 r*fwm; zkdvfwm;jzpf? ao&if i&Jus/ 'gu tZmwowfwkdU?

a'0'wfwkdU/ a,m*DwkdU odxm;NyD;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'D yÍömeEÅ&d,uHu 'DuHukdusL;vGefvkdU&Sd&if olUtwkdif; twmtm;jzifh i&JukdusoGm;w,f/

odkUaomf i&JrSm olUtjypf&SdorQ cHNyD; &if uRwfoGm;&if vGwfoGm;a&m/ yÍömeE Å&d,uH&JU tjypfaemf/ ckeuajym wJh

88


ed,wrdpäm'd|duawmh uRwf&uf vGwf&ufr&Sdbl; qkdawmh yÍömeE Å&d,uH xuf ykdtjypfrBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh - ed,w rdpäm'd|djzpfwmu bmeJUbmukd em;rvnfvdkUvJ/ (uHESifh uHtusdK;ay;ukd em;rvnfvkdUyg

bk&m;)/ ta&; BuD;w,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh uHESifh tusdK;ay;ukd em;rvnf&if bm'd|d (ed,wrdpäm'd|dyg bk&m;)/

'Dawmh ed,wrdpäm'd|dqkdwJh acgif;pOfwpfck &NyDaemf/ aumif;NyD/ ed,w rdpäm 'd|dqkdwm bmvJ qkdawmh

ed,wrdpäm'd|drSm 'd|dokH;rsdK; ygvmw,f/ 'd|d b,fESpfrsdK;/ (okH;rsdK;yg bk&m;)/ 'd|d okH;rsdK;aemf/

(1) tud&d,'d|d

(2) ew¬du'd|d

(3) ta[wku'd|d

[kwfNyD/ b,fESpfyg;/ (okH;yg;)/ tJ'DokH;yg;[m ckeu ed,wrdpäm 'd|dvkdU ac:wm/ [kwfNyD - 'Dawmh

ed,wrdpäm'd|dqkd wJh t"dyÜm,fu ed,wqkdwm ckdifjrJwmukd ajymwm/ jrefrmvkdjyefawmh ed,wqkdwm bmygvdrhf/

(ckdifjrJwmyg bk&m;)/ ajrjyifrSm ausmufwkdifBuD; wpfwkdif pkdufxm;&if b,fvkdyJ avwkdufwkduf? 'um 'umrawG

rvIyf awmhbl;/ ckdifwJh t"dyÜm,fukd ajymwm/ tJ'D ckdifjrJovkd 0g'pGJwpfck trSm; pGJBuD;wpfck rvGwfwrf;pGJvmwmukd

ed,wrdpäm'd|dvkdU ac:ygw,f/ 'D t,l0g'onf rSm;aew,f/ okdUaomf rSm;aewJht,l0g'ukd olutrSefxif NyD;awmh

rvGwfwrf;pGJaewmukd bm'd|d/ (ed,wrdpäm 'd|dyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D awmh ed,wrdpäm'd|dwGif b,fESpfyg; (okH;yg;yg

bk&m;)/ okH;rsdK;ygw,faygh/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'D 'd|dokH;rsdK;ukd bkef;BuD;wkdU anmifav;yifq&mawmfBuD;rsm; y#dpöorkyÜg'f

oifwef;ygxm;wJh vuFmav;awG &Sdw,fayghaemf/ vuFmav;eJUoGm;&if aemufykdif; tJ'DvuFmrygoGm;&if

½IyfwwfvGef;vkdUaemf/ uJ - 'Dawmh vuFmav; vkdufqkd&atmif aemf/

tud&duHy,f ewfusdK;y,f ESpfoG,fta[wk/tud&duHy,f ewfusdK;y,f ESpfoG,fta[wk/

tud&duHy,f ewfusdK;y,f ESpfoG,fta[wk/tud&duHy,f ewfusdK;y,f ESpfoG,fta[wk/

tud&duHy,f ewfusdK;y,f ESpfoG,fta[wk/

tud&duHy,f? ewfusdK;y,f? ESpfoG,fta[wk qkdwm cke ed,wrdpäm'd|d ukd ajymaewmaemf/ tud&duHy,f

qkdawmh tud&d,'d|dqkdwm uHukd y,fvkduf wmukd ajymwm/ 'DvuFmav;u rSwf&wmvnf; vG,fw,f/

qkdvkdUvnf;aumif; &atmifvnf; usufxm;&if a[m - cke tud&duH y,fqkdawmh uHukdy,fwm bm'd|d

(tud&d,'d|dygbk&m;)/ a&mwwfvGef; vkdUaemf/ uHukdy,fwm bm'd|d/ (tud&d,'d|dygbk&m;)/ tud&d,'d|dqkdwm

(t = r&Sd? ud&d, = jyKjcif;) jyKayr,fhjyK&mra&mufvkdU bmomjyef&w,f/ ukokdvfjyKvnf; jyK&mra&muf?

tukokdvfjyKvnf; jyK&mra&mufbl;/ bmvkdUvJqkdawmh Ak'tbd"r®mrSm yk*¾dKvf ow å0g olig r&Sd? ½kyfemrfyJ&Sdw,f

qkdawmh yk*¾dKvfrS r&SdbJb,folUukdowfrvJ/ owfp&myk*¾dKvfr&Sdawmh olwpfyg;toufowf w,fqkdwm rjzpfEkdifbl;/

owfp&myk*¾dKvfr[kwfvkdU? r&SdvkdUowf&mra&mufbl;/ olykdifukd,fykdifr&SdvkdUckd;ayr,fh ckd;&mra&mufbl;qkdNyD; 'gAk'&JU

ur®0g'udk pepfwuszsufqD;wJh0g'yJ/ bmac:vJ (tud&d,'dXd/)

ewfusdK;y,f qkdawmh tusdK;uk dy,fwm ew¬du'd|d/ aumif;wmvkyf vnf; aumif;usdK;r&S d?

raumif;wmvkyfvnf; raumif;usdK;ray;/ a&S;b0 aemufb0r&Sd? ukokdvfvkyfvkyf? tukokdvfvkyfvkyf bmrQtusdK;rjzpf

qkdwmu ew¬du0g'ygyJ/

ESpfoG,fta[wk qkdawmh taMumif;tusdK;ukdy,fwm/ ESpfoG,f ta[wkukd;/ tJ'Dawmh taMumif;y,f?

tusdK;y,f/ tJ'g bm'd|d/ (ta[wku'd|dygbk&m;)/ uHukdy,fwm (tud&d,'dXd)/ tusdK;ukdy,fwm (ew¬du'd|d)/

taMumif;tusdK;ukdy,fwm (ta[wku'd|d)/

okdYjzifh 'Daqmifyk'fuav;ukd &xm;&if a,m*DwdkU 'DykHaoenf;jzifh oGm;vkdU&NyDaemf/ tud&duHy,f? ewfusdK;y,f?

ESpfoG,fta[wk qkdwJh tJ'D 'd|dwGif tud&d,'d|du uHukdy,fwm/ tud&d,'d|du (uHukdy,fwmyg bk&m;)/

ew¬du'd|du (tusdK;ukdy,fwm)/ 'Dawmh ESpfoG,fqkdawmh taMumif;tusdK;ukdy,fwmu ta[wku qkdawmh

tckb,fESpfyg;vJ/ (okH;yg;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'D 'd|dokH;yg;ukd bm'd|dac:/ (ed,wrdpäm'd|dygbk&m;)? ed,wrdpäm'd|d &Sd&if

oHo&mopfikwf/ ao&iftyg,fus/ b,fbk&m;tqlql cRwf ruRwf/ 'DurÇmu ukefvkdU&Sd&if aemufurÇmqufcH/

89


tJ'Davmufxd tjypfBuD;ygw,f/ tJ'Davmuf tjypfBuD;wm bmÓmPfr&vkdU/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf

r&wmygbk&m;)/

[kwfNyD - 'gqkd&if ed,wrdpäm'd|d tjypfBuD;wm 'Davmufqkd&if enf;enf;av; oabmaygufoGm;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh ed,wrdpäm'd|d jzpfwmu wjcm;r,kHMunfvkdUvm;? uHukd r,kHMunfvkdUvm;/ (uHukd r,kHMunfvkdUyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh uHukd,kH&r,fqkdawmh aumif;wJhuH&,f? raumif;wJhuH&,f r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

,aeU bkef;BuD;wkdUtm;vkH; 'um 'umrawG/ ,ck w&m;a[mwJhbkef;BuD;? w&m;em aewJh 'um 'umrawGaygh/

aemufESpfaygif; 50-100 qkd&if 'DvlawG&SdygOD;rvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ b,foGm;MurSmvJ/ (aoukefMurSmygbk&m;)/

tukef aoukef MurSm-aemf/

tdyf,m0if&Sif;wrf;xkwf

uJ - 'Dawmh - aumif;NyD/ aowmukd pdwful;av;eJUvSrf;Munfhvkduf/ wu,fraoeJUOD;aemf/

pdwful;eJUaooGm;NyDqkd&if uJ ukd,fhaemufbmygrvJ/ (bmrSrygygbl;bk&m;)/ rdbaqGrsdK;awGygvm;/ (rygygbl;

bk&m;)/ tkd;tdrfwkduf wmawG yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ pnf;yGm;Opöm &mxl;*kPfodrfpnf;pdrf awGygvm;/

(rygygbl; bk&m;)/ bmwpfckrS rygbl;/ tJ'gawGu wpfcP pmav;&,f/ wpfb0 wpfeyfpmav;&,f/ &Sif;NyD;aemf/

vufcsnf;yJ/ 'um 'umrawG - aemf/ t0wfaumif;aumif;&S d&ifawmif cRwf,lxm;OD;rSm/ wcsdKU

vlaemufawmufawmufyk*¾dKvfeJUawGU yg;pyfxJu a&ToGm;awmif cRwf,lxm;OD;r,f-As/ rvG,fbl;aemf/ qkdvkdcsifwmu

ukd,fhaemufukd bmygvJ/ (bmrS rygygbl; bk&m;)/ bmrSrygbl; - tJ? ygwmu wpfckwnf; &Sdw,f/ ukokdvfuHeJU

tukokdvfuH/ tck uHtaMumif; ajymcsifwmaemf/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfukd tck bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyKNyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh aowJhtcgrSm bmeJU bmeJU ygwmvJ/ (ukokdvfuHeJU tukokdvfuHyg bk&m;)/ ukokdvfuHeJU

tukokdvfuHyJ ygw,fqkdwm aocsm oGm;NyD/ [m - vlYb0BuD;xJrSm b,favmuf bmawGnmawG vIyf&Sm;NyD;

vkyfukdifaew,f/ 'Dtvkyf igrvkyfvkdUrjzpfbl;/ igrukdifvkdU rjzpfbl; pojzifh igr&SdvkdUrjzpfbl;qkdwmawG[m

wu,fhwu,fusawmh olU[meJUol jzpfoGm;wmygyJ/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

'Dawmh aowJhtcgusawmh 'Dtvkyf igrvkyfvkdUrjzpfbl;qkdawmh tJ'DtvkyfawG ukd,feJUyg&JUvm;/ (ryg

ygbl; bk&m;)/ 'DtdrfrSm igr&SdvkdU rjzpfbl;qkdwm igaooGm; awmh tdrfyg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl; bk&m;)/ tkd; - 'Dtkd;

'Dtdrf? 'Dom; 'DorD;? 'DaqG 'DrsdK;awGeJU igr&SdvkdUrjzpfbl;qkdawmh ighaemufukd b,folvkdufvJ/ b,folrS rvkdufbl;/

odyfavmuGwfawG racsmfeJUwJh? q&mawmf qkH;rxm;wm/ tJ'Dawmh vmwkef;uvnf; wpfa,mufwnf;/ jyefawmhvnf;

wpfa,mufwnf;/ tazmfygwm b,foleJUb,fol/ ukokdvfuHeJU tukokdvf uH/ tJ'g ukd,fUaemufygrSmaemf/

odyfta&;BuD;w,f a,m*DwkdU/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'gukd q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;rsm;? v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;

bmqkH;rxm;ovJvkdU qkdvkdU&Sd7if -

rae&vkdU ao&aomtcg?rae&vkdU ao&aomtcg?

rae&vkdU ao&aomtcg?rae&vkdU ao&aomtcg?

rae&vkdU ao&aomtcg?

ukd,fhaemufukdrsm; bmrsm;ygrSm?ukd,fhaemufukdrsm; bmrsm;ygrSm?

ukd,fhaemufukdrsm; bmrsm;ygrSm?ukd,fhaemufukdrsm; bmrsm;ygrSm?

ukd,fhaemufukdrsm; bmrsm;ygrSm?

ypönf;pkpk wpfckryg?ypönf;pkpk wpfckryg?

ypönf;pkpk wpfckryg?ypönf;pkpk wpfckryg?

ypönf;pkpk wpfckryg?

ukd,fjyKjim; uHrQ olwkdUygukd,fjyKjim; uHrQ olwkdUyg

ukd,fjyKjim; uHrQ olwkdUygukd,fjyKjim; uHrQ olwkdUyg

ukd,fjyKjim; uHrQ olwkdUyg - wJh/

qkH;rxm;wmvJ b,favmufrsm; xdrdvkdufovJaemf/ bmawGyg ovJ/ (uHawGyg bk&m;)/ ukokdvfuH&,f?

tukokdvfuH&,f/

'Dvkdjzifh&if uHav;yg&if vlUjynfa&mufr,f/ ewfjynfa&mufr,f/ ½kd;½kd;ukodkvfaemf/ [kdu psmefukokdvfqkdvkdU&Sd&if

jA[®mjynf a&mufr,f/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ wu,fvkdU ukokdvfawG rygbJeJU wpfaeUvmvnf;yJ om;a&;

orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? pm;a&; aea&;? 0wfa&;eJU avmb awG? a'goawG? arm[awGeJUqkdawmh a,m*DwkdU

90


ykHaoenf;&Sdxm;NyD;om;/ aovkdU avmbyg&if b,fukdoGm;/ (jydwåmjynfyg bk&m;)/ aovkdU a'go yg&if b,fudkoGm;/

(i&Jjynfyg bk&m;)/ aovkdUarm[eJUao&if (wd&pämef jynfyg bk&m;)/ tkd; - [kdrSm wPSm? rme? 'd|d awGeJU

aovkdU&Sd&if qkdif&m qkdif&m tyg,fawG roGm;bl;vm;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fcGifcsvkdufawmh tukefay: vmvdrfhr,f/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeUyJ 'um 'umrawG ukd,fhukd,fukd qef;ppf MuygpkdU/ udk,fhukd,fukd ar;Muygawmh/ rdk;vif;rkd;csKyf

'DaeUwpfaeUwm igb,f avmuf 'geawGjyKxm;ovJ? ig b,favmuf oDvawGaqmufwnf xm;NyDvJ/ ig

b,favmuf orx 0dyóemawG ukd,fykdifyGm;rsm;xm;NyD;NyDvJ/ ukd,fh ukd,fukdar;zkdUrvkdbl;vm;/ (vkdygw,f bk&m;)/

aMomf - 'DaeU ig'gejyK xm;w,fqkd&if igtxkyfwpfxkyfawmh xkyfrdjyefNyD[/ orx? 0dyóem awGyGm;&if atmf

- ig'DaeU txkyfwpfxkyf xkyfrdjyefNyDa[h - aemf/ tJ'D txkyfu aumif;wJh ukokdvfaumif;rI txkyfygwJh

yk*¾dKvfawGu ok*wdoGm; r,f/ tu,fvkdU tJ'Dvkd 'gerI? oDvrI? bm0emrIukd rjyK&if a,m*DwkdU? pdwfqkdwm

ESpfpdwfrjzpfaumif;bl;/ wpfpdwfyJ&Sdw,f/ b,fESpfpdwf/ (wpfpdwfyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh - bkef;BuD;wkdUtm;vkH; a,m*DwkdU&JU ESvkH;tdrfqkdwJh*l[m *lwpfckwnf;rSm jcaoFhESpfaumif ratmif;bl;

qkdwJh jrefrmpum;ykH r&Sdbl; vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'gqkdwmu a[m'Du raemqkdwJh pdwf*lygyJ/ raemqkdwJh

pdwf*lonf ukokdvfpdwf0ifae&if tukokdvfpdwf tem;vm&JUvm;/ (rvmygbl; bk&m;)/ tukokdvfpdwf0ifae&if

ukokdvfpdwfonf tem;vm&JU vm;/ (rvmygbl; bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ukd,hfukd,fukd rdk;vif; rdk;csKyfar;/ igh&ifxJrSm

ighESvkH;tdrfxJrSm ukokdvfpdwfawG? wpfaeUb,favmufrsm;vJ/ 'gepdwfawG b,favmuf&SdaevJ/ oDvpdwfawG

b,favmuf&SdaevJ? orx 0dyóempdwfawG b,favmuf&SdaevJvkdU ukd,fhukd,fukd ar;&if rodEkdif bl;vm;/

(odEkdifygw,f bk&m;)/

aMomf - 'DvkdrS r[kwfvdkU&Sd&if avmbpdwf awG? a'gopdwfawG? arm[pdwfawG? rmepdwfawG remvkdwJhpdwfawG?

0efwkd wJhpdwfawG? tkd - ½IyfyGaewm/ olrsm;raumif;BuHwJhpdwfawG ponfjzifhaygh/ tJ'D- pdwfawGonf aumif;pdwfvm;?

raumif;pdwfvm;/ (raumif; pdwfygbk&m;)/ raumif; pdwfawG rdrdtdrfrSm wpfaeUwmrsm;&if [kd',ftkd;u

ightwGufyJrSwf/ aocsm oGm;NyD/ wpfaeU wpfaeU ',ftkd;w,faew,faygh/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'g olrsm;

y#dpöorkyÜg'fvm;? udk,fh y#dpöorkyÜg'f vm;/ (ukd,fh y#dpöorkyÜg'fyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if -

aumif;wmvkyfvQif (aumif;wmjzpfrnf)?

raumif;wmvkyfvQif (raumif;wmjzpfrnf)/

aumif;wmajymvQif (aumif;wmjzpfrnf)?

raumif;wmajymvQif (raumif;wmjzpfrnf)/

aumif;wmBuHvQif (aumif;wmjzpfrnf)?

raumif;wmBuHvQif (raumif;wmjzpfrnf)/

tJ'Dawmh rdk;vif; rdk;csKyf 'um? 'umrawG ukd,fh&JUum,uHajrmuf igaumif;wm bmvkyfcJhvJ?

raumif;wmawG bmvkyfvJ pOf;pm;vkduf/ ighyg;pyfuae aumif;wmawG b,favmufajymvJ? raumif;wmawG

b,f avmufajymvJ/ 'g - 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm;vkduf/ ighpdwfu rkd;vif; rkd;csKyf aumif;wmawG

b,favmufBuHvJ? raumif;wmawG b,favmuf BuHvJvkdU pOf;pm;vkduf&if ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,f bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh wpfaeUwmtwGuf bkef;BuD;wdkU? 'um? 'umrawG &Sif;wrf;xkwfyg/ NrDpm; NrD&SifeJU [kwfvm;/ wpfaeUwpfaeU

ukd,fhudkf,fukd &Sif;wrf;xkwfvkduf&if ntdyfumeD; tdyf&mxJ0if&if &Sif;wrf;xkwfvkduf&if tajzxGufvmNyD/

0dZÆmrçwmr[kwf0dZÆmrçwmr[kwf0dZÆmrçwmr[kwf0dZÆmrçwmr[kwf0dZÆmrçwmr[kwf

'gaMumihf bkef;BuD;wkdU q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;u csdefcGifxm;ygvkdU qkH;r w,f/ csdefcGifqkdwmuawmh

Oyrmaqmifa[mwmaygh/ csdefcGif qkdwmuawmh wpfzufeJUwpfzuf b,favmufav;vJqkdwm odatmifvkdU aygh

91


- aemf/ wpfzufu tukokdvftav;xnfh/ wpfzufu ukodkvftav; xnfh/ tJ'Dvkdxnfhvkduf&if 'DaeUreuf

rkd;vif;tcsdefu ntdyfaysmfwJhtcsdef ukokdvfbufu rsm;&if ukokdvfcsdefcGifhbufu av;r,faygh/ tukokdvfrsm;

&if tukokdvfbufu av;r,faygh/

tJvkdqkd&if bkef;BuD;wdkU 'um? 'umr awG ukd,fhukd,fukd jyefqef;ppf/ ukodkfvfeJU tukokdvf b,fursm;/

(tukokdvfu rsm;ygw,fbk&m;)/ csdefcGifvQmuyfoGm;NyD/ &Sif;&Sif;av;&,f/ tJ'g aMumihf ukd,hfy#dpöorkyÜg'f

ukd,frodwJhtcgusawmh ukd,fhukd,fukd b0ifBuD; jrifhaewm/ t[kwfBuD; xifaewm/ tJ'Dawmh aeUpOfaeUwkdif;

pm&if;&Sif; wrf;vnf; qGJvnf;qGJvkdufa&m/ [m - igoGm;NyD/ rjzpfawmhbl;/ rjzpfbl;/ aemufaeUus&ifawmh

igjyifrS/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f bk&m;)/

tJ'DvkdjyifNyDqkdwJhtcgusawmh wpfvukefwJhtcg ukd,fh&Sif;wrf;xkwf? wpfESpfukefwJhtcg ukd,fh&Sif;wrf;xkwf/

toufwpfESpfBuD;oGm;&if igonf ukokdvfeJUBuD;ovm;/ tukokdvfeJUBuD;ovm;/ 'um? 'umrawG ukd,fhukd,f ukd

&Sif;wrf;xkwfvkdUr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvkd ukd,fh&Sif;wrf;ukd,fxkwfvkdufvkdU&Sd&if

tukokdvfawGrsm;&if i&J? wd&pämef? jydwåm? tol&um,f/ ukodkvfrsm;&if vlUjynf ewfjynf ok*wdaygh/ 'Dvkdjzifhf&if

ok*wdeJU 'k*¾wdukd 'DvkdoGm;wmonf wjcm;u ykdUwmvm;? uHuykdUwmvm;/ (uHu ykdUwmyg bk&m;)/ odMum;?

jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmu ykdUwmvm;? uHuykdUwmvm;/ (uHuykdUwmyg bk&m;)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ'Dawmh uHeJUywfoufNyD;awmh ykHaoenf;av;wpfcku aemufqkH; ajymvkduf&&if pdwfaumif;&SdvQif

csrf;omw,f/ pdwfaumif; r&SdvQif qif; &Jw,f/ 'gav; ykHaoenf;av; ukdifxm; a,m*DwkdU/ uJ - vkdufqkd/

pdwfaumif;&S du csrf;om&\/pdwfaumif;&S du csrf;om&\/

pdwfaumif;&S du csrf;om&\/pdwfaumif;&S du csrf;om&\/

pdwfaumif;&S du csrf;om&\/

pdwfaumif;r&Sdu qif;&J&\/pdwfaumif;r&Sdu qif;&J&\/

pdwfaumif;r&Sdu qif;&J&\/pdwfaumif;r&Sdu qif;&J&\/

pdwfaumif;r&Sdu qif;&J&\/

'gukd bkef;BuD;wkdU eHygwfwpf t0dZÆmtzkH;zGifhaewmaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ eHygwfwpf t0dZÆmtzkH;u 'DtzkH;uawmh

enf;enf;usyfwJhoabm &Sdw,f/ usyfwJhoabm &Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ,ckuHESifhtusdK;ay;ukd ,kHMunfNyDqkd awmh uJ

- 'Dvkdjzifh&if raumif;wmjzpfaewJhvlawG[m b,fodMum;? NA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmurS zefwD;wmr[kwfbl;/

b,folvkyfwmvJ/ ukd,fvkyfwm/ tck[mu uHtcef; a[maewmaemf/ tckbkef;BuD; b,ftcef;a[mae wmvJ/

(uHtcef; a[maewmyg bk&m;)/ eHywfwpftzkH;zGifhaewm a,m*D wkdY/eHygwfwpf tzkH;zGifhaewmqkdawmh

wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? uHukd em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (uHukd em;vnf&rSmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if tif;- avmurSmav pum;ykH&Sdom;yJ/ vlcsif;wlayrJh touf½SLjcif;uGJw,fwJh/ bmygvdrfh/

(vlcsif;wlayrJh touf½SLjcif;uGJwmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gu bkef;BuD;wkdUtm;vkH;aom 'um? 'umrawG vlwkdif;? vlwkdif;u

tusdK;ay; wmukd ajymwm? tusdK;ay;wmudkajymr,fqkd&if wpfa,mufeJUwpfa,muf tusdK;ay;jcif;rwlwmukd

tJ'gukd urÇmh ynm&SdawGu trsdK;rsdK;ajymvkdufwm/ [m 'Daumif BuD;yGm;aew,f/ csrf;om aew,f/ BuD;yGm;rSmaygh/

csrf;omrSmaygh/ [m - olUukd b,folu rçwm/ vmNyD-'DupNyD;awmh? b,folu rçwmqkdawmh b,folqkdwm

olvnf; rodbl;/ &rf;NyD;awmhom b,folu rçwmaygh/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ a[m - tcsdKUBuD;yGm;aew,f/

csrf;omae w,f/ atmf - tJ'gu bk&m;ocif tvkdawmfus jzpfwm/ bk&m;ocifu rçwm ponfjzifh rvmbl;vm;/

(vmygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh bk&m;ocif rçw,fwmajymw,f/ 'DrSmjzifh tvkyfvkyf&wm aovkarsmyg;yJ/

aeUrae&? nrae&? 'um 'umrawG 'Davmuf pD;yGm;a&;qkdvnf; pD;yGm;a&; r&Sm&bl;vm;/ (&Sm&ygw,f)/

ynmqkdvnf; ynmr&Sm&bl;vm;/ (&Sm&ygw,f bk&m;)/ aovkarsmyg; &Sm&wm/ wcsdKU&Sm&if; azG&if;eJU

aoukdaooGm;wJhtqifhxdawmif a&mufwm/ tJ'g ckeajymovkd odMum;? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmu rçwm r[kwfbl;/

(r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/ r[kwfbl;/ ]]twåm [d twåaem emaxm}} ukd,fhukd,fukdtm;udk;NyD; 'Dvkd&Sm&wm r[kwfbl;vm;/

tJ 'Dawmh 'Dae&mrSm uHqkdwJhae&mrSm raemuH&,f? 0pDuH&,f? um,uH &,f/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'DvkdtaMumif;w&m;awGuGm&if tusdK;w&m;awG uGm w,f/ taMumif;w&m;uGm&if

92


tusdK;w&m;uGmw,fqkdawmh uJ - qkdMuygpkdU/ bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG uJ - vljzpfw,faygh/

vl&,fvkdUjzpfvmNyD qkdwm[m tck 'DrSm&SdaewJh bkef;BuD;wkdU vlUjynfrSmom vljzpfwmukd;/ ewfjynfrSm&SdwJh

ewfawGusawmh ewfjzpfaeMuwm/ bmjzpfaeMuwmvJ/ (ewfjzpfaewmyg bk&m;)/ jA[®mjynfusawmh (jA[®mawG

jzpfwmyg bk&m;)/ wd&pämefjynfusawmh (wd&pämefjzpfwmyg bk&m;)/ i&Jusawmh (i&Ja&mufwm)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

&SdorQaom 31-bkH owå0gawG[m i&Ja&mufwJh owå0gua&muf? wd&pämefjzpf wJh owå0gujzpf? NydwåmjzpfwJh

owå0gujzpf? tol&um,f jzpfwmujzpf? vljzpfolu vljzpf? ewfjzpfwJholujzpf? jA[®mjzpfwJholujzpf/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if

31-bkH tJ'Dvkdjzpfaewm tu,fvkdU urÇmht,ltq awGu bk&m;tvkdawmfusqkd&if a,m*DwkdU pOf;pm;zkdUaemf/

ÓmPfjzifh ½IvkdUarQmfvkdU 'DrSmygvmNyD/ vl? ewfrsm;pGm owå0gwkdUjzpfvm&rI r[kwf[k ÓmPfjzifh ½IíarQmf/ ÓmPf

pcef;av;oGif;Munhfvkdufprf;yg/ tJ'Dvkd vlawG? ewfawG? jA[®mawG i&J? wd&pämef? Nydw åm? tol&um,fawG 31-

bkHrSm 'DvkdtusdK;ay;awG olUtusdK;ay;eJUol uGJuGJjym;jym; jzpfaewm[m bk&m;ocif tvkdawmfus jzpfEkdifyghrvm;/

(r[kwfygbl; bk&m;)/ odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/ wefckd;&Sifu zefwD;wmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl; bk&m;)/ jA[®m odMum;awGu

zefwD;wmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ r[kwfwJhtaMumif;ukd y#dpöorkyÜg'fu 'DrSmoifxm;NyD;NyD/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

olUtusdK; ay;awGeJUol jzpfaewmu b,foljyKwmrS r[kwfbl;/ rdrdjyKwJh taMumif;w&m;aMumifh jzpfay:aom

tusdK;/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'Dvkdjzifh rdrdjyKaomtaMumif;w&m;onf/ wjcm;vm;/ y#dpövm;/ (y#dpöygbk&m;)/ tusdK;w&m;onf

wjcm;vm;? orkyÜg'fvm;? (orkyÜg'fygbk&m;)/ taMumif;eJU tusdK; ESpfckpyf? (y#dpöorkyÜg'f ygbk&m;)/ aMomf-

udk,fhy#dpöorkyÜg'feJU udk,fygyJ/ ukd,fhtaMumif;aMumifh ukd,fhtusdK; jzpfwm r[kwfbl;vm;/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dvkd ukd,fhtaMumif;aMumihf ukd,ftusddK;jzpfwmonf wjcm; taMumif;tusdK;vm;? uHtaMumif;tusdK;vm;/

(uHtaMumif;tusdK;ygbk&m;)/ &Sif;oGm;NyDaemf/ tJ'DuHtaMumif;tusdK;ukd em;rvnfvkdU b,fol b,f0gvkdU ajymvkduf&if

uHukdy,f&m ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f bk&m;)/ uHukd y,fawmh bm'd|d/ (tud&d,'d|d)/ cke ed,wrdpäm'd|d

acgif;xJawmh a&muf oGm;NyD/ uHukdy,fvkdufawmh ed,wrdpäm'd|d rjzpfbl;vm;/ ed,w rdpäm'd|drSm

olUqDavsmfwJh'd|deJUajymr,fqkd&if bm'd|d/ (tud&d,'d|dyg bk&m;)/ tud&d, 'd|d/ tud&d,uHy,f qkdawmh

uHukdy,fwmu bm'd|d/ (tud&d, 'd|dygbk&m;)/ tud&d,'d|d jzpfoGm;NyD/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if uHukdry,fatmif uHtaMumif;

uHtusdK;/ (&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;)/

tJ'Dawmh 31-bkHrSm tJ'Dvkdjzpfwmu us,f0ef;w,fxm;/ ukd,fhudpö eJUudk,f ajymMuygpkdU/ udk,fhudpöeJUukd,f

ajymw,fqkdawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um 'umrawG tm;vkH;vlawGcsnf;ayghAsm/ 'Dw&m;yGJxJrSm w&m;emaewm/ bmawGvJ/

(vlawGyg bk&m;)/ ewfawGygwmawmh ukd,frjrifvkdU xm;vkduf yg/ &SdrSm/ 'DtxJ/ ewfukdu w&m;yGJqkd ewfu

tifrwefoabmuswmudk;As aemf/ "r®pMumw&m;a[mawmh vlb,fESpfa,mufygovJ/ ig;a,mufyg yJ aemf/

t&Sifaum@nBuD;tp? [kdrSm &SiftóZdwkdU [kwfvm;/ b,fESpf OD;ygvJ/ (ig;OD;yg bk&m;)/ ig;OD;xJ&,f - aemf/

w&m;wpfyGJvkH;rSm vlyk*¾dKvf ig;OD;xJygwm/ tJ'DrSm jA[®mwpfq,fh&Spfuka#ygw,f/ tr,fav;av; -

enf;enf;aemaemvm;/ ewftoacFs w&m;emwmwJh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh ,aeUw&m;yGJxJrSmvJ ]]orEÅm puú

0gaVok}} qkdawmh &SdorQ or®ma'0ewf awG rzdwf&bl;vm;/ (zdwf&ygw,f)/ tukefzdwf&wmyJ/

uJ - tcka[maewJh w&m;u bkef;BuD;w&m;vm;/ bk&m;w&m; vm;/ (bk&m;w&m;yg)/ bk&m;w&m;ukd

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u a[mvkdU xyfqifhNyD;awmhukd a,m*DawGukd aus;Zl;jyKaewm/ tJ'Dawmh ,ckw&m;yGJ xJrSm

a,m*Duawmh 'Dwpfygwf ig;&mrausmfbl;Asaemf/ ig;&m rausmfao; ayrJh ewfawG[m a&vkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/

'gu [kdu "r®pMumeJU orEÅmtaxmuftxm;eJU bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyKwmyg/ ukd,fom rjrif&wmukd;/

tJ'Dawmh tm;vkH;vlawGrSefaomfvnf;yJ tif; - trsdK;om;a,mufsm; u wpfrsdK;? rdef;ruwpfrsdK;? 'DrSm

oHCmuwpfrsdK;? oDv&SifuwpfrsdK;eJU 'DrSm y&dowf av;rsdK;awGUae&w,f/ &[ef;y&dowfu wpfrsdK;aemf/ 'um

y&dowfu wpfrsdK;? 'umr y&dowfu wpfrsdK;? oDv&Sify&dowfu wpfrsdK;eJU tm;vkH;b,fESpfrsdK;vJ/ (av;rsdK;yg

93


bk&m;)/ tck - 'Dy&dowfBuD;xJrSmudkf av;rsdK;awGUae&w,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'Dav;rsdK;onf wpfwef;wpfpm;wnf;

[kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/ orkwdopömeJU Munfhawmh wpfwef;wpfpm; [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwf ygbl; bk&m;)/

&[ef;u &[ef;yJ/ 'umu 'umyJ/ 'umru 'umryJ/ oDv&Sifu oDv&Sif t"dyÜg,faygh/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'Dvkd

wpfOD;eJUwpfOD; uGJjym;jcm;em;aewmonf a,mufsm;&,f? rdef;r&,f ponfjzifh ayghav/ tkyfpkcGJvkduf&if ESpftkyfpkyJ&Sdw,f/

b,fESpftkyfpk (ESpftkyfpkyg bk&m;)/ usm;çtkyfpkeJU (rçtkyfpkygbk&m;)/

uJ - 'Dvkdjzifh usm;çtkyfpk a,mufsm;jzpf? rçtkyfpk rdef;rjzpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHukd oef;acgifpm&if;eJUMunhfr,fqkd&if

usm;eJUr b,f [mrsm;/ (rçu rsm;ygw,f bk&m;)/ usm;eJU rçeJU qkd&ifav/ 'DrSm oef;acgifpm&if; Xmeu

vlawGygygvdrfhr,f xifyg&JU -aemf/ bmajymajym wpfurÇmvkH; vlOD;a&aumuf&if a,musfm;OD;a&u enf;aew,f/

bmjzpf aewmvJ/ (enf;aew,f)/ a,mufsm;OD;a&enf;aew,f - aemf/

tJ'Dawmh trsdK;orD; OD;a&u rrsm;bl;vm;/ rsm;ygw,f/ bkef;BuD;wkdU tck 'DrSm&SdaewJh a,m*D? 'D&dyfomrSm

qkdvkdU&Sd&if a,mufsm;OD;a&enf;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh wpfjynfvkH; twkdif;twmeJU Munhf&if bkef;BuD;wkdU atmifqef;&dyfomu

pHcsdefcsdK;w,f/ a,mufsm;rsm;vkdU/ bmjzpfvdkUvJ/ (a,musfm;rsm;vkdUyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh tck ukokdvfaumif;rIawG vkyfwJhtcgusawmhvnf; rdef;rawGu rsm;wmaygh/ 'gaMumifhvnf;yJ

ewfjynfrSm b,folawG rsm;wm vJ/ (ewforD;awG rsm;ygw,f)/ ewforD;awG rsm;aewm aemf/ ewfom;

wpfyg;rSm ewforD; ig;&m wpfaxmifwJh/ trav; - tJ'Dawmh ewfom;OD;a& tawmfenf;w,fAs/ tck jrefrmEkdifiH

oef;acgifpm&if;eJU bkef;BuD;u wpfcg wpfcg pdwful;,OfMunhfygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH&SdwJh oef;acgifpm&if;eJU ,SOfvkduf&if

trsddK;om;OD;a&eJU trsdK;orD;OD;a&? 'umOD;a&eJU 'umrOD;a& ,SOfvkduf&if 'Davmufawmh ruGmvSbl;As/ xm; -

av;ykHwpfykHavmufuGm w,fxm;/ ewfjynfusawmh ewfom;wpfa,mufukd ewforD; b,fESpf a,muf/ (ig;&myg

bk&m;)/ tenf;av; wpfaxmif/ 'umawG pm&if; aysmufoGm;NyD/ pOf;pm;Munhfw,f/ 'D'umawG

b,fa&mufoGm;ygvdrfhrvJ/ bmvkdUqkdawmh vlUjynfrSm &SdwJhpm&if;eJU ewfjynf&SdwJhpm&if;eJU ,SOfMunhf&if

'umawGtrsm;BuD; pm&if;aysmufaew,f/

uJ-tJ'Dawmh 'umrBuD;awG pOf;pm;Munhf? 'D'umawG b,foGm; aevJ/ pOf;pm;p&maemf/ tr,f -

edAÁmefa&mufaew,f/ enf;enf;rS tavQmh ray;bl;/ edAÁmefwufoGm;w,f/ [kwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh oef;acgifpm&if;

aysmufoGm;wm/ edAÁmefwufoGm;w,f/edAÁmef wufoGm;awmh oef;acgifpm&if; aysmufoGm;NyD/ vlUoef;acgif pm&if;vnf;

ryg? ewfoef;acgifpm&if;vnf;ryg? i&Jusawmh rygbl;aemf/ t"dyÜg,f - t"dyÜg,f [kwfvm;/

at; - tJ'Dawmh a,musfm;jzpfjzpf rdef;r jzpfjzpf 'Dvkdjzpfay:vmwm b,fodMum;? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmurS

zefwD;wmr[kwfbl;/ ukd,fjyKwJh taMumif;w&m;aMumihf jzpfay:aom tusdK;w&m;vkdU 'um? 'umrawG

'Dvkdem;rvnf&bl;vm;/ (em;vnf&ygr,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Davmuf em;vnf oabmaygufoGm;NyDqkd&if taMumif;tusdK;?

wjcm; taMumif;tusdK;vm;? uHtaMumif; tusdK;vm;/ (uHtaMumif; tusdK;yg bk&m;)/ uHtaMumif; tusdK;ukd

odwmu wjcm;vm;? ÓmPfvm;/ (ÓmPffyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D ÓmPffukd bmÓmPffac:/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|d ÓmPfyg

bk&m;)/ tJ'D ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfukd oabmayguf em;vnf usifhokH;&if ed,wrdpäm'd|du vGwfoGm;w,f/

ed,wrdpäm'd|d vGwfaomfvnf;yJ edAÁmefqkdwJh w&m;onf 'um? 'umrawG ta0;BuD;usef ao;w,f/ (rSefvSyg)/

wpfqifhcsif; wuf&OD;r,f/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ'Dawmh ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPffrSm odoifh odxkduf odtyf wJhw&m;onf ,aeUwpfcdsefwnf;eJUawmh

rNyD;bl;/ aemufaeUusrS bkef; BuD; 'gqufNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyKr,faemf/ uJ - 'Dnaeawmh 'DavmufeJU ed*kH;csKyfNyD;

w&m;yGJem;vkdufMu&atmif/




94









þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf&SdNyDyJ/ (5-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/

,aeY w&m;pcef;yGJ 5-&uf jzpfoGm;NyD/ 10 &ufw&m;pcef;yGJ 5-&ufqdkawmh wpf0ufusdK;oGm;NyD-[kwfvm;/

aeYpOfaeYwdkif;yJ y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;yJ tajccHNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyK& wmayghaemf/ (rSefyghbk&m;)/

t"du&efolt"du&efolt"du&efolt"du&efolt"du&efol

'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk oifvdkY y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk xkdufonftm;avsmfpGm em;vnfoGm;&if a,m*DwkdY 'd|dudk

todÓmPfeJU jzKwfygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tm;vkH;aom owå0gwdkif; owå0gwdkif; ololigig wu,fawmh t"du

&efolBuD;[m 'd|dygyJa,m*DwdkY/ b,folygvdrfh/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ odyfaMumufp&m aumif;wJh 'd|dyJaemf/ tJ'D 'd|dudk

todeJY jzKwf tyGm;eJUjzKwf ty,feJYjzKwfzdkY twGufu tajccHem;vnf&r,fh w&m;uy#dpöorkyÜg'faemf/ bmw&m;ygvdrfh/

(y#dpöorkyÜg'fygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'D y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY tajccHxm;NyD; oif&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh

y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;rvnf&if q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u vljzpfusdK;reyfygbl;wJh/

tJ'gaMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'fqdkwm tifrwefus,f0ef;wJhw&m; jzpfyg w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY tukefvHk;NcHKNyD;awmh

bkef;BuD;wdkY odEdkifpGrf; r&SdMuygbl;-aemf/ wpfydkif; wpfydkif; wpfydkif; olY[mav;eJYoll uGif;quf uGif;qufuav;

'Dvdkod&wJhw&m;jzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh tck 10-&ufpcef;yGJ twdkif;twm qdkwm y#dpöorkyÜg'fu vdyfywfrvnfygbl;?

a,m*DwdkY [kwfvm;/ 'gavmuf eufeJus,f0ef;vSwJh w&m;BuD;u 'D 10-&ufavmufeJU vdyfywfvnf Edkifyghrvm;/

(rvnfygbl;bk&m;)/ atmf-vdyfywfrvnf Edkifaomfvnf;yJ a,m*DwdkY tm;i,fp&mawmh r&Sdbl;aemf/

bmvdkYvJqdkawmh q&maumif;eJY awGUwJhtcsdefcgrSm t½kPfwuf w,fvdkY rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,fbk&m;)/

q&maumif;eJUawGU&if (t½kPfwufygw,fbk&m;)/ t½kPfwufw,fqdkwm aexGufawmhr,fvdkY ajymwmayghAsm/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeYbkef;BuD;wdkY tm;vHk;aom a,m*Drsm; aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JU toHawmfawG

w&m;awmfawGudk emMum;? olU&JUñTefMum;csufawGudk tckvdkufemusihfoHk; ae&wmudkuyJ 'g-t½kPfwufaeNyDayghaemf/

at;-t½kPfwufae&if enf;enf;av; 0D&d,av; wifNyD;awmh BudK;pm;vdkuf&if a,m*DwdkY 'Db0 aoaocsmcsm

uRwfwrf; r0ifbl;qdk&if 'Dvdkb0rsdK; aemufjyef&zdkY vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;bk&m;)/ 'g-odyfta&;BuD;vkdY

owday;wmygaemf/ at;-tJ'gaMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemonf udk,fhtwGuf ta&;BuD;qHk;yJvdk Y

qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD;awmh bkef;BuD;wdkY reufydkif; puf0dkif;a'oemav; wpfacguf vSnfhNyD;awmh ylaZmfNyD;awmh

oifwef;oGm;Mu&atmifaemf/ uJ-rlvESpfjzm qkdvdkufygOD;/

*rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;udk,frsm;ESifh oHk;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;udk,frsm;ESifh oHk;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?


rlvESpfjzm? opömESpfck? av;cktvTm? t*Fgwpfq,fhESpfyg;? w&m;udk,frsm;ESifh oHk;yg;tpyf? ESpf&yfrlv?

0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm?0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm?

0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm?0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm?

0#foHk;0ESif h? umvoHk;jzm?

jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf/ oHo&mrSjcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf/ oHo&mrS

jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf/ oHo&mrSjcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf/ oHo&mrS

jcif;&m ESpfq,f? þ&SpfoG,fudk tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf/ oHo&mrS



vGwfaMumif;wnf;/

uJ-puf0dkif;vnf;yJ rdrdwkdY axmufwwfoGm;aygh-aemf/ wu,fawmh 'Dpuf0kdif;BuD;qdkwm udkf,hfjzpfpOfawGyg

a,m*DwdkY/ udk,fhjzpfpOfawGudk 'DxJrSm jrifvG,f xifvG,f odvG,fatmif qdkNyD;awmh puf0dkif;rSm pmeJYa&;csjy

xm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'gaMumifh 'Dpuf0dkif;udk axmufwdkif; axmufwdkif; - aMomf- igwdkY\ cEmBuD;

'Dvdkygvm;vdkY a,m*DwdkY cEmxJudk ÓmPffvSnfh&rSm-aemf/ 'Dawmh em;uw&m;em ÓmPfucEmvSnfhqdkwmvdk 'DrSm

puf0kdif;axmufwdkif; axmufwkdif;rSm ÓmPffuwjcm;a&muf&rSmvm;? cEmxJa&muf&rSmvm;/ (cEmxJa&muf&rSmygbk&m;)/

95


"r®u©Emaygif; &Spfaomif; av;axmifudk tqDxkwfvdkufawmh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u b,fESpfrsdK;rdefYvJ/

(7-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ 7-rsdK;u bmawGygvdrfh/ (cEm? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpöorkyÜg'f? t½IcH? t½IOmPfygbk&m;)/

'D 7-rsdK;uawmh rodvdkYr&bl;ayghaemf/ (rSefvSygh)/

'D 7-rsdK;rSm raeUuvnf; pcJhwJh cE¨mtaMumif;ajym&r,faemf/ bmygvdrhf/ (cE¨mygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

cEmqdkwm[m wjcm;vm;? taygif; tpkvm;/ (taygif;tpkygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/ tJ'D cEmudk cEmrSef;rod&if 'd|d

jzpfw,f/ 'd|dwGif ouúm,'d|dqdkwm a,m*DwdkY tajccHr[kwfbl;vm;/ ouúm,&,f 'd|d&,fwJh/ ESpfyk'f/ oaEÅm

uma,m? ouúma,m/ ouúma, y0w åm 'd|d ouúm,'d|d/ oaEÅm-xif&Sm;&Sdaom? uma,m- cE¨m 5-

yg;taygif;wnf;? ouúa,m - xif&Sm;&Sdaom cEmig;yg;taygif;? ouúma,-y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif&Sm;&Sdaom cEm

5-yg;taygif;ü? y0w åm'd|d -jzpfaom'd|d qdkawmh? ouúm,qdkwm xif&Sm;&Sdaomw&m;/ 'd|du t,lrSm;/ 'd|du

(t,lrSm;ygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if xif&Sm;&Sdaomw&m;udk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; &SdwJhtwdkif; rjrifbJeJU trSm;jrifwmudk b,fvdkac:ygvdrhf/

('d|dygbk&m;)/ 'd|d/ trSm;jrifwmudk ('d|d)/ trSefjrif&if or®m'd|d/ trSefudkrjrifwJhtwGuf olonf trSm;jrifwmudk

olonfwjcm;vm;? 'd|dvm;/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ wu,f awmh olurdpäm'd|dvdkYajym&rSm/ 'd|dqdk&if jynfhpHkaeNyDaemf/

rdpämxnfhp&m rvdkawmhbl;/ olucEmudkom trSefrjrifwJhtjypfqdkawmh enf;enf; awmfao;wmaygh/ [dkvdk 'kp½dkuf

tjypfBuD;r[kwfbl;aemf/ b,fvdkt,lrSm; wmvnf;qdkawmh xif&Sm;&Sdaom w&m;udk xif&Sm;&SdwJhtwdkif;rjrifbJeJU

oligwpfyg; a,mufsm; rdef;r ihgorD; ighom; ig;OpömvkdU trSm;jrifwm/ trSm;jrifwmaemf/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wdkY

aMumufp&mtaumif;qHk; tajccH'd|dub,folvJ/ ouúm,'d|d/ olUxuf ydkNyD;aMumufp&maumif;wmu ed,wrdpäm'd|d/

raeUnaeuwnf;u bkef;BuD;wdkYpum;pNyD;cJhNyDaemf/ (rSefyg)/ ed,wrdpäm'd|duawmh 'um? 'umrawG txuf

rwufbl;/ oGm;awmh/ atmufqif;½HkoufoufyJ/

ouúm,'d|duawmh txufvnf;wufEdkifao;w,f/ vlUjynfvnf; a&mufEdkifao;w,f/ ewfjynfvnf;

a&mufEdkifao;w,f/ jA[®mjynfvnf; a&mufEdkifao;w,f/ edA Ámefom olu ra&mufwmudk;/ ed,wrdpäm'd|duawmh

ewfjynf vnf;ra&muf? vlUjynfvnf; ra&muf? jA[®mjynfvnf; ra&muf/ b,foGm;rSmvJ/ (tyg,fygbk&m;)/

tyg,fawmifrSyJ ½dk;½dk;wef;wef; tyg,fvm;? oHo&mopfikwfvm;/ (oHo&mopfikwfygbk&m;)/ tJ'gu ed,wrdpäm'd|d

wpfydkif;xm;vdkuf/ tck a,m*DwdkYudk aus;Zl;jyK&rSmu ouúm,'d|d/ bm'd|d/ (ouúm,'d|dygbk&m;)/

Ak'¨bmomppfppfjzpfvd kaomfAk'¨bmomppfppfjzpfvd kaomfAk'¨bmomppfppfjzpfvd kaomfAk'¨bmomppfppfjzpfvd kaomfAk'¨bmomppfppfjzpfvd kaomf

bmjzpfvdkY ouúm,'d|d&SdovJ/ wpfqifhwufr,f/ trSefudk rjrifvdkY/ bmudkrjrifvdkY/ (trSefudk rjrifvdkYygbk&m;)/

odkYjzifhtrSefw&m;&Sdaewmonf wjcm;&Sdaewmvm;? cE¨mawG &Sdaewmvm;/ (cEmawG &Sdaewmygbk&m;)/ cEmu

5-yg;&Sdw,faemf/ cE¨mb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ uJ qdkvdkuf prf;yg/

(1) ½lyu©E ¨m

(2) a0'emu©E¨m

(3) onmu©Em

(4) ocFg&u©E ¨m

(5) 0dnmPu©E¨m ygbk&m;/

tJawmh tJ'D cEm 5-yg;onf udk,fhrSm r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh cEmtaMumif;ajymr,fqdkawmh

bkef;BuD;wdkY0#feJUajymwJhtcgrSm 0#foHk;yg;&Sdw,faemf/ 0#foHk;rsdK;u bm0#f bm0#fvJ/ (udavo0#f? ur®0#f?

0dygu0#fygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh udavo0#feJU ur®0#fu b,ftuGufxJrSmvJ/ (eHygwfwpf tuGufxJrSmygbk&m;)/

eHygwfwpf tuGufonf b,fumvu (vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvygbk&m;)/ vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvrSm

96


udavo0#fESifh ur®0#fawG &Sdaew,f/ odkYjzifh tJ'Dudavo0#fESifh ur®0#fu tom;vGwfjzpfaewmvm;?

udk,fvkyfcJhwmvm;/ (udk,fvkyfcJhwmygbk&m;)/ a[m'D w&m;a[mwJhbkef;BuD; w&m;emwJh 'um? 'umrawG vkyfcJhwm

bm0#feJU bm0#feJU vkyfcJhwmvJ/ (udavo0#feJU ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ udavo 0#f b,fESpfyg;vkyf/ (3-yg;yg bk&m;)/

ur®0#fb,fESpfyg;vkyf/ (2-yg;yg bk&m;)/ aygif;vdkufawmh twdwfumvu 0#f 5-yg;vkyfcJhw,f/ 0#fb,fESpf yg;/

(5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ udavo0#foHk;yg;ESifh ur®0#fESpfyg; aygif; b,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'D 5-yg; vkyfcJhwmudk t0dZÆmeJUwPSm&if;cH Oyg'gef uHaMumifh ½kyfemrfay:vdkY &Sif;wJhtcgu 'DeHygwfwpf

wpfuGufvHk;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY aumufNyD;cJhNyD/ eHygwfwpf tuGufxJudk axmufvdkufwJhtcg tJ'DrSm t0dZÆm onf

bm0#f/ (udavo0#fygbk&m;)/ ocFg&u bm0#f (ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ wPSmu bm0#f/ (ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ tJ'gu

bkef;BuD;u 'Dvdkaxmufay;vdkY a,m*DwdkYajym&wm/ tJ'gu axmufp&m rvdk udk,fh[mudk,f wef;NyD;awmh

'DvdkrSwfxm;&r,fayghaemf/ 'DrSmajymvdkufawmh udavo0#f 3-yg;u t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef t0dZÆm&,f wPSm&,f

Oyg'gef&,f 'DoHk;rsdK;[m a[m eHygwfwpf tuGuf xJrSm r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'DrSm bm&SdvJ/ (t0dZÆm)/

'Dbufus (wPSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dbufusawmh (Oyg'gefygbk&m;)/ cke apmapmu bkef;BuD;wdkY axmufwm

t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef/ tckvnf;yJ 'DrSm t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef/ 'Dvdkjzifh eHygwfwpf tuGufxJrSm bkef;BuD;wdkY

bm0#fawG&SdvJ/ (udavo0#feJU ur®0#fygbk&m;)/ udavo0#fu olUcsnf;yJ jzpfwmvm;? ur®0#feJUwGJaewmvm;/

(ur®0#feJU wGJaewmygbk&m;)/ eHygwfwpf tuGufxJrSm ur®0#fESpfyg;u b,foleJU b,folvJ/ (ocFg&eJU ur®b0yg

bk&m;)/ ocFg&eJUb0/ tJ'D0#fESpfyg;udk b,fumvu vkyfcJh/ (vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if tJ'gonf tvTmeJUajymawmh bmtvTm/ (twdwf taMumif; wpfvTmygbk&m;)/ bmopömawGvkyfcJh

(ork',opömygbk&m;)/ b,folvkyfwmvJ/ (udk,fvkyfwmygbk&m;)/ aMomf? tm;vHk;aom ololigig bkef;BuD;wdkY'um?

'umrawG tukefvkyfcJhw,f/ udk,fjyKcJhwmonf taMumif; udkvkyf&if tusdK;&ygvdrhfr,f/ taMumif;&Sd&if

tusdK;&Sdygvdrhfr,f/ 'g jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkuf½dkufa[mxm;wJh a'oemawGaemf/ taMumif;&Sd&if (tusdK;&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

ckeu0#feJUajymwJhtcgusawmh 0#fESpfrsdK; taMumif; vkyfcJhw,f/ w&m;udk,feJUwGufvdkufawmh 5-rsdK;vkyfcJhw,f/

5-rsdK;u bmawGvJ/ (t0dZÆm? ocFg&? wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0ygbk&m;)/

tJ'gu pma&;xm;wJ htwd ki f; tpOftwd ki f; ajymoGm;wmayg h/ tJ'Dw&m; 5-rs d K;? 0#f 2-

rsdK;udkvkyfcJ honfhtwGufaMumifh tJ'D0#fESpfrsdK;onf taMumif;/ vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvu tJ'D

taMumif;w&m;awG vkyfcJhwJhtwGuf ypöKyÜefrSm wjcm;&wmvm;/ cEmig;yg; &wmvm;/ (cEmig;yg; &ygw,fbk&m;)/

tck cE¨mtaMumif; oifaeNyDaemf/ tck bkef;BuD;wdkYypöKyÜefrSm bm&ygvdrhf/ (cEmig;yg;ygbk&m;)/ ypöKyÜefcEm ig;yg;udk

qdkMunfhyg/ (0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'emygbk&m;)/ cEmig;yg;/

[kwfNyD--'Dawmh/ ckeuqdkoGm;wmu a,m*DwdkY pm&GufxJrSm &Sdwmu ½lyu©Em? a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©Em?

ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©Em/ b,fESpfyg; (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tac:ta0:ESpfrsdK;ajymif;aew,faemf/ 'DrSmu ½lyu©E ¨m?

a0'emu©Em? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&u©Em? 0dnmPu©Em wpfrsdK;/ 'DrSmuawmh 0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we?

zó? a0'emu wpfrsdK; qdkawmh 'DOpömav;udkwGJrjy&if a,m*Db,fawmhrS em;vnfrSmvnf; r[kwfbl;/ bmvdkUqdkawmh

rawGUzl;bl;udk;/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u olUcEmeJUcEmudk wGJwGJNyD;awmh oif&r,fwJh--aemf/ wGJvdkufwJh

tcgusawmh 0dnmOfu 0dnmPu©Em 1-yg;/ ½kyfemrfu apwodufcEm 3-yg;? ½kyfcEm 1-yg;? aygif; 5-yg;?

zóeJUa0'emuvnf; apwoduf cEmqkdwJh a0'eu©Em? ocFg&u©Em jzpfaewJhtwGuf twlaygif;vkdufawmh

txufu 5-yg;? odoGm;NyD/ olUenf;eJUol a[mwJhtcgusawmh emrnf enf;enf;av; tac: ta0:av;ajymif;wmyJ/

½lyu©Em? a0'emu©Em? onmu©Em? ocFg&u©Em? 0dnmPu©Em qdkwmu tbd"r®menf;eJU a[mw,fvdkYrSwfyg/

b,fenf;vJ/ (tbd"r®menf;ygbk&m;)/ 0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'emqdkwm okw åefenf;eJUa[mwm/

bmenf;eJU a[mwmvJ/ (okwåefenf;ygbk&m;)/

97


'Dawmh tckvnf;yJ y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemrSm w&m;awGb,favmufyJ ajymaeae? 'um? 'umrawG

tm;vHk;0ifwmu wjcm;rSm0ifwmvm;/ opömrSm oGm;0ifaewmvm;/ (opömrSm0ifwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh taMumif;

w&m;wpfckvHk;ud k MunfhwJ htcgusawmh bkef;BuD;wdk Y 'um? 'umrawG bmopömrSm oGm;0ifwmvJ/

(ork',opömrSmygbk&m;)/ ork',opöm taMumif;jyKwJh tcgusawmh ,ckwjcm;&wmvm;? 'ku©&wmvm;/ ('ku©

&wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh opömusawmh tukefvHk;oGm; 0ifaew,f/ uJ 'Dvdkjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG

cE¨m 5-yg;&wmonf wjcm;vm;/ tusdK;cEmvm;/ (tusdK;cEmygbk&m;)/ tJ'DtusdK;cEmu rdk;ay:u uswmvm;/

taMumif;w&m;aMumifhvm;/ (taMumif;w&m;aMumifhygbk&m;)/ odyfta&;BuD;vmNyDaemf/ jA[®modMum;

uzefqif;xm;wmvm;/ taMumif; w&m;vm;? (taMumif;w&m;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'D t0dZÆm ocFg& wPSm Oyg'gef b0qkdwJh taMumif;w&m; 5-yg;xJrSm yk*¾dKvfowå0g b,frSm&SmvdkY&rvJ/

(r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ &SmvdkYr& bl;qdkwm tod0ifvdkufwm[m bk&m;yGifhoGm;wmygyJ/ wpfoufvHk; wpf oHo&mvHk;u

yk*¾dKvfow å0gvdkY ,lvmwJh t,l[m urÇmOD; tpu,lvm cJhwm/ bk&m;wpfql wpfql yGifhawmhrS ,ckvdk

y#dpöorkyÜg'fvnf; jrwfpGm bk7m;a[mvnf; a[mvdkufa&m? q&mujyefvnf; oifvdkufa&m yk*¾dKvf owå0gryg-

ygbJvm;vdkY? wpfckcsif;&Sif;vdkufawmh 'um? 'umrawG rvif; bl;vm;/ tJ'DvdktaMumif;xJrSmrS yk*¾dKvfowå0gryg&if

taMumif;aMumifh jzpfaom tusdK;xJrSm ygyghrvm;/ (rygygbl; bk&m;)/ aumif;NyD 'Dvkdjzifh&if? tJ'D cEm 5-yg;

&vmwm[m wdwdususajymygqdk&if taMumif;w&m;aMumifh yJjzpfwmyJ/ tJ'D pum;awmf w&m;awmf[m urÇmrSm

b,fbk&m;rS rajym Edkifbl; a,m*DwdkY/

or®morÁK' jrwfpGmbk&m;u vGJí urÇmay:&SdorQ b,fbk&m; urS ra[mEdkifbl;vdkY qHk;jzwfcsufcs/ tJ'Dvdk

'Dw&m;udkem&wm[m 'um? 'umrawG Ak'¨bmomtppfjzpfwmyJ/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh Ak'bmom tppf jzpfcsif&if

wjcm;w&m;od&rSmvm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'fudkod&rSmvm;/ (y#dpö orkyÜg'fudk od&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'gew&m;u ae&mwdkif;&Sdw,f/

oDvw&m; orxw&m;bk&m;ry Gi f hw J htcs de ftcgr Smvnf;y J& S dw,f/ od k Yaomf 0 dyóem usawmh

bk&m;ryGifhwJhtcsdefrSm&Sd&JUvm;? (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; bk&m;ryGifhwJhtcsdefrSm &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/

bk&m; yGifhyif yGifhjim;aomfvnf; bk&m;&JUtqHk;trawG rudef;wJhae&mrSm 'Dw&m; awG&Sd&JUvm;/ bk&m;&JUomoem?

bk&m;&JU tqHk;trawGudef;rSomvQif 'um? 'umrawG y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;udk emcGifh odcGifh&w,fvkdY qHk;jzwfcsuf

csyg/

udk,f htokbudk,fMunfhud k,f htokbudk,fMunfhud k,f htokbudk,fMunfhud k,f htokbudk,fMunfhud k,f htokbudk,fMunfh

odkYjzifh 0dnmPfxJrSm yk*¾dKvfowå0gyg&JUvm;/ (ryg-ygbl;bk&m;)/ emrf½kyfxJrSm (ryg-ygbl;)/ oVm,wexJrSm/

(ryg-ygbl;)/ zóxJrSm (ryg-ygbl;)/ a0'emxJrSm (ryg-ygbl;)/ tJ'gawGonf wjcm; "r®awGvm;? cEm"r®awGvm;/

(cEm"r®awGygbk&m;)/ yk*¾dKvfowå0g wpfckrSrygbl;/ 'g tMurf;zsif;oGm;wmaygh/ uJ--'Dawmh--cEmcsif; wGJMu&atmif/

½lyu©Em? a0'emu©Em? onmu©Em? ocFg&u©Em? 0dnmPu©Em qdkawmh ½lyu©Em? vdkYajymwmeJU 'um? 'umrawG

a[m'D½kyfudk,lvdkufyg/ ½lyu©EmvdkY ajymwmeJU bmudkem;vnf&rvJ/ (½kyfygbk&m;)/ odkUayr,fh 'Dae&mrSm rukefao;bl;/

½lyu©Em/ a[m'D oVm,weqdkwm rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf/ b,fESpfrsdK;/ (6-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/

pdwfwpfpdwfudk z,fvdkuf/ usefwJh ig;rsdK;udk ½lyu©E¨mvdkY,lyg/ usefwJh ig;rsdK;udk (½lyu©Emygbk&m;)/ pdwfusawmh

0dnmPu©E¨mvdkY ,lvdkuf/ pdwfusawmh (0dnmPu©Emygbk&m;)/ emrfcEmvdkY ,lvdkufaygh [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh

½lyu©EmvkdY ajymwdkif; ajymwdkif; ajymwdkif; 'DrSmwGJoGm;awmh em;vnfoGm;NyD/ ½kyfw&m;eJU oVm,weu 5-

yg;onf bmcE¨m/ (½lyu©Emygbk&m;)/

aemuf a0'emu©E¨m/ a0'emu©E¨m a[m'Da0'emudk,l/ a0'emu©Emu bmudk,l/

(a0'emudk,lygw,fbk&m;)/

98


onmu©E¨m qdkawmh 'DrSm emrfudk,lvdkuf/ emrfqdkawmh apwoduf cEmokH;yg;awmh ygNyD;om;ayghaemf/

'Dae&mrSm bmudk OD;pm;ay;,l&rvJ qdkawmh onmu©Emudk,l/ onmu©E¨mqdk&if 'um? 'umrawG bmudk

em;vnfrvJ/ (emrfyg bk&m;)/

zó ocFg&u©Emaygh/ zóonf bmcEm/ (ocFg&u©Emygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh ocFg&u©EmvdkU ajymwdkif; ajymwdkif;

zóyJvdkY 'Dvdkem;vnfoGm;NyDaygh/

0dnmPu©E¨muawmh &Sif;w,f/ 'DrSm 0dnmPf 0dnmPu©Em usawmh (0dnmPf)/ 0dnmPfqkdawmh cEm

5-yg; olUt"dyÜg,feJUol rwGJ bl;vm;/ (wGJygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh cE¨m 10-yg;&Sdwmvm;? 5-yg;yJ&Sdwmvm;/ (5-yg;yJ &Sdwmygbk&m;/) [kwfNyD/ tJ'D cEm 5-

yg;onf 0dygu0#fcE¨m 5-yg;aemf/ 0dygu0#fcEm 5-yg;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY &aew,f/ tJ'D 0dygu0#fcEm 5-yg;

qdkwm[m twdwfumvu a[m'D ukokdvfuHtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh jzpfvm &onfhtwGufuHay;wJh½kyfemrfaygh/

bmay;wJh½kyfemrfvJ/ (uHay;wJh½kyfemrfyg bk&m;)/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh t&yfajymajym&&if tararG;wJh ½kyfemrfaygh/

bm½kyfemrfvJ/ (tararG;wJh ½kyfemrfygbk&m;)/ tck bkef;BuD;wdkY w&m;a[m aeEdkifwm? tararG;ay;vdkufwJh ½kyfemrfaygh/

w&m;emaeEdkifwm[m (tararG; ay;vdkufwJh ½kyfemrfygbk&m;)/ tJ'gudk uH? pdwf? Owk? t[m&? tJ'Dav;yg;

taxmuftyHHhay;aevkdU w&m;a[m? w&m;emEkdifwm/ tJ'DcE¨monf bmcE¨mvJ? (0dygu0#fcE¨myg bk&m;)/

0dygu0#fcE¨m[m tokbcE¨myg/ romay:r,fhcE¨myg/ ajrjr§Kyf rD;oN*dK[fvkdU&wJh cE¨myg/ a[m'D bkef;BuD;wkdU

&ifbwfukdykwfjywJhcEm[m 0dygu0#fcEmyJ/ wpfvHrQavmufyJ &Sdygw,f/ 0dyóem½IwJhtcgrSm 'DcEmukd r½I&bl;/

0dyóem½IwJhtcg tck bkef;BuD;wdkY rsufpdjrifwJh cEm½IvdkY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ r&bl;/ rsufpdjrifwJh

cE¨m½IvdkYr&bl;/ wpfqifhwufr,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh rsufpdeJU jrifwJhcEmu tokb½IvdkY&w,faemf/ bkef;BuD; raeUn

wkef;u tokbtaMumif;enf;enf;pcJhw,f/ ½IvdkYr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ tokbqdkwm orx/ tokbur®|mef;onf

bmygvdrfh/ (orxygbk&m;)/ 'DcEmBuD;onf aojcif;w&m;udk oHa0*,lvdkY&w,f/ r&PmEkówd ur®|mef;?

orx/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'DcEmBuD;]]aoawmhr,f[? aowmhr,f[}}vkdU udk,fhudk,fudk tzefwvJvJyGm;aevdkY r&bl;vm;/

(&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk aoawmhr,f[ 'DcE¨mBuD; t&if;wnfNyD;yGm;ae&if 'um? 'umrawG r&PmEkówd

ur®|mef;pD;jzef;wJhtwGuf tJ'gorxjzpfygw,f/ qHzsm;uae ajczsm; tcsdefra&G;Munfh udk,fhcE ¨mudk,fudk? rsufpdyJ

zGifhMunfhMunfh? rsufpdyJ rSdwfMunfhMunfh qHzsm;uae ajczsm;Munfh&if 32-aumVmo r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

qHyifawG arG;n§if;awG? ajconf;awG? vufonf;awG? oGm;awG? ta&xlawG? ta&yg;awG? ½dk;wGif;jcifqD?

usifBuD;usifi,f tp&SdonfwdkYudk tukefvHk;udk olUae&meJUol cEmudk,frSm wpfyHkcsif;yHkMunfh 'um? 'umrawG

udk,fhcE¨mudk,fBuD;udkav/ ÓmPfeJU ÓmPfeJU/ bmeJUyHkcdkif; wmvJ/ (ÓmPfeJUygbk&m;)/ udk,fhcEmudk,f 'Dwdkif;yHkvdkYawmh

b,fyHkvdkY&rSmwkef;/ aorSmaygh/ 'Dwdkif;oGm;qGJyHkvdkY/ bmeJUyHk&r,f/ (ÓmPfeJU)/ ÓmPfeJUyHkwJhtcg usawmh uJ-

udk,fhÓmPfav;eJU qHyifwpfyHk? arG;n §if;wpfyHk? ajconf; vufonf;wpfyHk tukefvHk; 32yg; aum|moawG

wpfyHkpDyHkvdkuf&if tJ'DrSm jrwfEdk;wG,fwmp&m&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ wu,fomjrif&if 'um? 'umrawG

xrif;awmif pm;vdkY&rSm r[kwfbl;/ xrif;awmif pm;vdkY &rSmr[kwfbl;aemf/

tJ'gawmifrSyJ 'Dtokbw&m;udk rjrifwJhtcgusawmh pma&;q&m awGu trsdK;rsdK; uGefUvdkufao;w,fAs/

pma&;q&mawGudk tjypfwifwm r[kwfygbl;/ rsufvHk;u b,fES,fh/ rsufckH;ub,fhES,fh? qHyifrsm;zGJUvdkuf wmav/

ydwkef;a&mifauom jzefYvdkuf&ifav bmawGnmawGaemf/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fhqHyifudk,f xrif;eJUe,fpm;vdkY

pm;rJhvlaum&Sdyghrvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ bkef;BuD;wdkY &SifjyKwJhtcg 'gawGajymjy &w,f/ acgif;ay:rSmaewkef;uawmh

tjrwfwEdk; xm;vdkufwm/ atmufusoGm; wJhtcg xrif;yGJxJusawmh xrif;yef;uefawmif vTifhypfcsifw,f/

a[m - odkYjzifh acgif;aygufwJhqHyifeJU usvmwJh qHyifbmxl;vJ/ twlwlygyJ/

tJ'Dawmh acgif;wkef;uawmh udk,fhtokbudk udk,frjrifbl;/ usvmawmhrS jrifwJhtcgusawmh trav;

99


&GHvGef;vdkY xrif;awmif rpm;Edkifbl; jzpfaewm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'gudk jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;u

acgif;ayguf aewJhtcgrSmvnf; 'DvkdyJ tokbvdkY udk,fhudk,fudk jrif&rSm/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if qHzsm;uae ajczsm; wpfudk,fvHk;

udk,fhtokbudk udk,fMunfhvdkY r&bl;vm;/ tJ'DvdkMunfh&if uJ 'um? 'umrawG udk,fhcEm wpfudk,fvHk;? wpfxnfvHk;

b,f[m wG,fp&m&SdvJ/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ b,f[mrS wG,fwmp&m r&Sdbl;/ wG,fwmp&m r&Sdwm 'g bkef;BuD;u

a'oempOf twdkif;a[mwm/

a,m*Dwd kUwuf&rnfhvrf;a,m*Dwd kUwuf&rnfhvrf;a,m*Dwd kUwuf&rnfhvrf;a,m*Dwd kUwuf&rnfhvrf;a,m*Dwd kUwuf&rnfhvrf;

tJ'D a'oempOf bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG ESvHk;tdrfrSm 0ifoGm;&if awmfNyD/ 'DcEmBuD; rvdkcsifawmhbl;qdkNyD;awmh

acsmifxdk;csifawmif xdk;xm; awmhrSm/ wu,fawmh xdk;xm;vdkY&&JUvm;/ r&bl;/ r&bl;/ acG;aoaumif ykyfzufNyD;

[dkbufurf;ul;wJhvlvdkyJ/ eHeHapmfapmfeJU ul;&awmhrSmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh 'DcEm&JU tokbudkjrif&if wG,fwmOD;rvm;/

(rwG,fwmygbl;)/ oHa0* ÓmPfyGm;NyDaemf/

,ck bkef;BuD;ajymaewJh 0dygu0#fcEmonf tokb½IvdkY r&bl;vm;/ ½Iprf;yg a,m*DwdkY/ vG,fvG,fulul

½IEdkifwJhw&m;awGaemf/ odkYaomf tokb ½Iwmonf wjcm;vm;/ orxvm;/ (orxygbk&m;)/ edAÁmefawmh ra&muf

bl;/ taxmuftyH h avScg ;xpfawm h wufO D ;r,f/ orx&&i f orm" drwnf bl;vm;/ tJ' D

orm"deJUwpfqifhwufNyD;awmhum cPduZmwd? cPdu r&PqdkwJh ½kyfemrf "r®awGudk jrifvdkuf&if 'dkif; 'dkif;

'dkif;eJU edAÁmefqdkwm 'um? 'umrawG qkawmif;p&mrvdkbl;/ tvdkvdkudk rjrifEdkifbl;vm;/ (jrifEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/

bkef;BuD;ajymwJhpum;udk vufrcHeJU/ vufawGU vkyfMunhfprf;yg/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ orx (0g) orm"dawmh&r,f/ tJ'Dawmh

qdkvdkcsifwmu 0dygu0#fcEmudk 0dyóem½IvdkY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ r&bl;/ 'DawmhrS tJ'D0dygu0#fcE¨may:rSm

"r®oabmav;awGudk a,m*DwdkY xdk;xGif;NyD; jrif&r,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ uJ--'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ cE ¨m 5-yg;taMumif;

ajymNyDqdkawmh ckejyefajymyg/ ½lyu©E ¨m? a0'emu©Em? onmu©E¨m? ocFg& u©Em? 0dnmPu©Em)/

'Dawmh ½lyu©Emu ½kyf 28-yg;/ [dkaeUuvnf; pcJhNyD;NyD/ tck jyefajymr,f/ ½lyu©E¨m ½kyfb,fESpfyg;/

(28-yg; ygbk&m;)/ qdkawmh a0'emu©E¨m odwmuawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'Dtbd"r®mrSm y&rw¬w&m; 4-yg; &Sdw,f/

b,fESpfyg;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ y&rw¬ 4-yg;u pdwf? apwoduf? ½kyf? edAÁmef/ b,fESpfyg;vJ/ (4-yg;yg bk&m;)/

[kwfNyD/ tJ'Dawmh a[m'D pdwf&,f? apwoduf&,f? ½kyf&,ffu ocFwy&rwfvdkY rSwfvdkuf/ bmy&rwf/

(ocFwy&rwfygbk&m;)/ edAÁmefonf tocFwy&rwf/ 'gu pmtaeeJUom rSwfxm;/ wjznf;jznf; &Sif;oGm;

vdrfhr,f/ uJ- 'DavmufyJ rSwfxm;vdkuf aemf/ rSwfxm;awmh ½kyfqdkwJhae&mrSm ½kyftm;vHk;½lyu©E¨mrSm ½kyf28-yg;/

a[m'D a0'emu©Emusawmh apwoduf wpfyg;wnf;/ onmu©EmrSm apwodufwpfyg;/ ocFg&u©Em usawmh

apwoduf tyg; 50/ apwodufu 52-yg; &Sdw,f/ tbd"r®menf;eJU rSwfxm;OD;aemf/ tJ'D 52-yg;rSm a0'emeJU

'Du onmudkMuOfayghaemf/ a0'emonmudk MuOf&if usefwJh 50-onf ocFg&u©EmvdkYrSwf/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if apwodufu

cEm3-rsdK;xGufvmw,f/ a0'em? onm? ocFg&/ ocFg&cEmayghaemf/ tJ'D usefwJh pdwf 89-yg;/ pdwfb,favmufvJ/

(89-yg;)/ tckbkef;BuD;wdkY awmfawmfrsm;rsm; A[kokw Mum;zl;wmuawmh ]]pdwfwpfck,kwf 90}}aygh/ tJ'Dawmh

tcsdKUu oabm raygufawmh pdwfwpfck,kwf 90 qdkawmh pdwfu 1-ck? ½kyfu 90/ 'Dvkdvkyfwm/ r[kwfbl;/

pdwfwpfck,kwf 90 qdkwm 90jynfhzkdU 1-ck avsmhaewm/ 89-yg;ajymwm/ pdwfu 89-yg;/ tus,f 121-yg;/

tJ'gonf cEmeJU ajymawmh 0dnmPu©Em/

uJ 'Dawmh aumif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dvdkqdk&if 'Du ½lyu©Emu ½kyf b,favmufvJ/ (28-yg;)/ a0'emu©Emu

1-yg;/ onmu©E¨mu 1-yg;/ ocFg&u©Emu apwoduf tyg; - 50/ 0dnmPu©Emu pdwf 89-yg; rSwfvdkuf/

'gqdkawmh cEm 5-yg;udk A[kokw&oGm;NyD/ 'gu pmvdkoif wmaemf/ tckcEmwpfyg;csif;&JUtaMumif;awGudk

a,m*DwdkYudk tckvdk aus;Zl;jyK aewmu bmjzKwfapcsifvdkYvJ/ (ouúm,'d|d jzKwfapcsifvdkYygbk&m;)/ ouúm,'d|d/

100


'Dvdkjzifh&if ouúm,'d|donf wjcm;vm;? i&JrsdK;aphvm;/ (i&JrsdK;aphygbk&m;)/ tJ'D i&JrsdK;aphonf a[m'D xif&Sm;&SdwJh

w&m;awGudk rjrifvdkY/ 'gjzifh&if a,m*DwdkYrSm xif&Sm;&SdaewJhw&m;u yk*¾dKvf owå0g a,mufsm;? rdef;rxif&Sm;&Sdwmvm;/

cE¨m 5-yg;&Sdaewmvm;/ (cE ¨m 5-yg; &Sdwmygbk&m;)/

½lyu©Em xif&Sm;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ a0'emu©Em (xif&Sm; &Sdygw,f)/ onmu©E¨m (xif&Sm;&Sdygw,f)/

ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©Em (xif&Sm;&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ a[m'D ½lyu©E¨m ponfqdkwmu ouúm, w&m;vdkYrSwf/

'Dvdkjzifh ouúm, 5-yg;u b,folawGvJ/ (½lyu©Em? a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©Em? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m)/

tJ'D cE¨m 5-yg;udk bmac:ygvdrfh/ (ouúm,w&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'g cE¨m 5-yg;udk a,m*DwdkYu'Dw&m;vnf;rem?

w&m;vnf; tm;rxkwfawmh? cE¨m 5-yg; udk jrifyghrvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/

bkef;BuD; w&m;yGJpuwnf;u xyfwvJvJ ajymw,faemf/ arG; vmwm b,foleJUarG;/ (cEmeJUarG;)/ BuD;vmwm

b,foleJUBuD; (cEmeJU BuD;)/ pm;wmu b,foleJUpm;/ (cE ¨meJUpm;)/ oGm;wmu b,foleJUoGm;/ (cEmeJUoGm;)/

tdyfwm b,foleJUtdyf (cEmeJUtdyf)/ aoawmhvnf; b,foleJU ao (cEmeJUao)/ cE¨m 5-yg;eJUcGJwJhtcsdef&Sd&JUvm;/

(r&Sdygbl;)/ puúefUeJU trQrcGJbJeJU twlwGJ rcGJrcGm vmaomfvnf;yJ cEm 5-yg;udk wpfcsuf uav;rS rjrifbl;?

rodbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if bmjzpfrvJ/ (ouúm,'d|dygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ouúm,'d|dudk vufcHxm;&rSmvm;? y,f&rSmvm;/

(y,f&rSmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh 'd|drSeforQonf bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DawG&JU &efolvm;? rdwfaqGvm;/ (&efolyg)/

&efoludk wpfoufvHk;u &efolrSef;rodvdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY vnfyif;jzwf cH&wJh b0awG[m aojcif;qdk; aocJh&wJhb0

awG[m a&Edkif&JUvm;/ (ra&Edkifygbl; bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdkaojcif;qdk; aocJh&wm [m rdwfaqGaMumifhvm;? &efolaMumifhvm;/

(&efolaMumifhygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if tJ'g &efoludk &efolrSef; rodvdkY/ &efolrSef; rodwJhtjyif? tJ'D &efoludkyJ

rdwfaqGxifNyD;awmh wpfcgwnf;udk ,k,jyKpkNyD;awmh tdrfOD;cef; wifxm;awmh aemufqHk;awmh wjcm;jzpfwmvm;?

taoqdk;eJUaocJh &wmvm;/ (taoqdk;eJUaocJh&wmyg)/ tJ'D&efolqdkwm wjcm;ajymwmvm;/ ouúm,'d|dvm;/

(ouúm,'d|dygbk&m;)/ qdkwmu trSefudkjrifvdk Y jzpfwmvm;/ trSefudk rjrifvdk Y jzpfwmvm;/ (trSefudk

rjrifvdkYjzpfwmygbk&m;)/ xifxif&Sm;&Sm; &Sdaewmudk rjrifwm/ trSefudk rjrifwm? xif&Sm;wmudk rjrifwm/

xif&Sm;wJh w&m;u wjcm;&Sdwmvm;/ cEm 5-yg;&Sdwmvm;/ (cEm 5-yg; &Sdwmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh cEm 5-yg;rSm

½kyfcEmu b,fESpfyg;/ (28- yg;)/ ½kyfcEm b,fESpfyg;&Sd/ (28-yg;&Sdygw,f)/ tJ'D ½kyf 28-yg;wGif bkef;BuD;wdkY

a,m*Drsm;u blw½kyf 4-yg;udk em;vnfyg/ yx0D? awaZm? tmayg? 0ga,mqdkwJh "mwfBuD; 4-yg;aygh/

tJ'Dawmh yx0Dqdkwmu ajr"mwf? tmaygqdkwm (a&"mwf)? NyD;awmh 0ga,mqdkwm (av"mwf)? awaZmqdkwm

(rD;"mwf)/ tJ'D "mwf 4-yg;qdkwJh 'Doabmw&m;onf wjcm;rSm&Sdwmvm;? udk,fhrSm&Sdwmvm;/ (udk,fhrSm &Sdwmygbk&m;)/

bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG udk,fhrSm&SdaewJh "mwf 4-yg;udk jrifatmifMunfhyg/

tJ'D "mwfav;yg;onf bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG qHzsm;uae ajczsm; ae&mwumwdkif; r&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ &SdwJh taMumif;udk aemufqufajymay;r,f?--[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh tMurf;zsif;ajym&&if 'Dvdk

wpfae&mudk tckudkifvdkufNyD? 'um? 'umrawG/ orkwdopömtaeeJU ajymawmh 'g--vufraygh/

odkYaomf ,ck a,m*DwdkY Munfh&r,fh½kyfudk jrifzdkYqdkwm tJ'Dvufr rSm "mwfav;yg;&Sdw,f/ "mwfb,fESpfyg;/

(av;yg;ygbk&m;)/ vufrqdkwm orl[ynwf/ olUrSmwu,f vufrom ac:jim;aomfvnf;yJ vufrudk jrif&rSmvm;?

"mwfjrif&rSmvm;/ ("mwfjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ [m? t&Sifbk&m;/ vufrrjrif&bl;? "mwfjrif&r,f/ vufr rjrif&bl;qkdawmh

'DrSmrsufpdu vufrjrifaewm b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ? a[m/ tJ'g y&rwf oabm rjrifawmh tJ'DvlESpfa,muf

jiif;ayawmh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

'gaMumifh 0dyóem tm;xkwfwJh tcgrSm tajccHodyfta&;BuD;w,f a,m*DwdkY/ tJ'Dawmh vufrjrifwmu

uHrsufpdeJUjrifwm/ odkYjzifh olUbuf uae olMunfhawmh rrSefbl;vm;/ (rSefygw,fbk&m;)/ rSefw,f/ uHydkif;u

MunfhawmhrSefw,f/ odkYaomf ,cka,m*DwdkY wuf&r,fhtqifhu uHeJU wif;wdrf&rSmvm;? ÓmPfudk wuf&rSmvm;/

101


(ÓmPfudk wuf&rSmygbk&m;)/ uHqdkwm tqifhedrfhw,fav/ tJ'Dawmh tqifhedrfh taeeJUaecsifwmvm;/

tqifhjrifhcsifwmvm;/ (tqifhjrifhcsifwmygbk&m;)/ vufrvdkY jrifwmuuHjrif/

tJ'Dvdk vufrudk MunfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmh a[m? udkifvdkufawmh raysmh bl;vm;/ (aysmhygw,f)/ aysmhwm

yx0Dav/ aysmhwmu udkifvdkY&w,f/ aysmhwJhoabm udkifvdkYr&bl;/ enf;enf;av; em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifyg/

&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'D aysmhwJhtxJrSm olUcsnf;yJ aysmhwm wnfEdkif&JUvm;/ r[kwfbl;/ tJ'D aysmhw,fqdkwm

wjcm;[m r[kwfbl;/ yx0D/ tJ'DrSm wpfckeJUwpfck xdNyD;awmh 'um? 'umrawG zG,fcJNyD;awmh wGJaewmu

tmayg/ rygbl;vm;/ yx0D&,f? tmayg&,f? ylwm at;wm 'DrSmr&Sdbl;vm;/ awaZm/ 'Dawmh olUuvmyfpnf;

Mum;xJrSm avr&Sdbl;vm;/ 0ga,m/ tJ'Dawmh ,aeUvufrvdkYom ajymjim;aomfvnf;yJ ÓmPfjrifeJUMunfh vdkufawmh

vufrjrif&rSmvm;/ "mwfav;yg;jrif&rSmvm;/ ("mwfav;yg; jrif&rSmygbk&m;)/

tJ'D"mwf 4-yg;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m; ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D½kyfw&m;udk cEmeJUajym/

(½lyu©Em)/ ½lyu©Em/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if vufrjrif&rSmvm;? cEmjrif&rSmvm;/ (cE¨mjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh cE ¨mudk

cEmvdkUjrif&if a,m*DwdkY trSefjrifoGm;NyD/ cEmudk cEmvdkYjrif&if ig--yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ [kwfNyD/ ,ckbmcEmudkjrif/

(½lyu©Emudkjrifwmyg)/ ½lyu©E¨mxJrSm igyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ igxJrSm ½lyu©Emyg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;)/ ½lyu©Emonf

ig[kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ igonf ½lyu©E¨m [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ r[kwfbl;vdkY&Sd&if 'um? 'umrawG

trSefudk jrifoGm;wm/ trSefudkjrifawmh 'd|drjyKwfbl;vm;/ trSefu ouúm,/ xif&Sm;wmu ouúm,/ jrifvdkufwmu

or®m'd|d/ trSefjrifoGm;NyD/ tJ'Dawmh ouúm,'d|d rjyKwfbl;vm;/ (jyKwfygw,fbk&m;)/ ouúm,

'd|djyKwfwmonf vufrjrifvdkYvm;? "mwfjrifvdkYvm;/ ("mwfjrifvkdYyg)/ ½kyfjrifvdkYaygh/ "mwf 4-yg;jrifvdkYaygh/ tJ'D

rdrdcEmudk,f wpfudk,fvHk;rSm ½kyfw&m;yJ? emrfw&m;yJ? ckeajymwJh cEm 5-yg;udk wpfckpD wpfckpD tao;pdwfjrifoGm;&if

'um? 'umrawG ouúm,'d|du aeudk raeEdkif awmhbl;/ wjcm;eJUy,fwmvm;? todeJUy,fwmvm;/ (todeJUy,fwmyg

bk&m;)/ tJ'DtodeJUy,fwJh ouúm,'d|d raeEdkif&if udk,fhrSmtjrJwrf; y,fEdkifzdkYtwGufudk tyGm;eJU y,f&OD;r,f/

bmeJUy,f&r,f/ (tyGm;eJUy,f& rSmyg)/ tyGm;eJU y,fvdkuf&if? 'um? 'umrawG [kwfvm;/ vrf;qHk; &GmawGU

oGm;wmygyJ/ tJ'Dvdk vrf;qHk;&GmawGUNyDqdkawmh wpfcgwnf;? wpf oufvHk;? wpfoHo&mvHk;uaeNyD;awmh pGJvmwJh

ouúm,'d|dudk ty,fÓmPf eJUom y,fvdkufNyDqdk&if tyg,fwHcg; tvdkvdkydwfoGm;NyD/ qkawmif;zdkY vdkao;vm;/

(rvdkygbl;)/

tJ'gaMumifhrdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG xyfwvJvJajymwm qkawmif;zdkY tcsdefr[kwfawmhbl;/ tvkyfvkyfzdkY

tcsdefyJ &Sdygawmhw,f/ w&m;u vdyfywfrvnfao;bl;aemf/ aemufwpfcsdefrS qufa[mr,f/ tck reufydkif;

qGrf;csdef&Sdawmh 'DavmufeJUyJ bkef;BuD; em;yg&ap/




d

102









þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf &SdNyDyJ/ (5-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/

'DaeU 5-&ufajrmuf\ nae oifwef; w&m;yGJBuD;jzpfygw,f aemf/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;ygyJ/ tJ'Dawmh

y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;rSm rlvESpfjzm opömESpfck qdkwJh þ&SpfoG,frSm bkef;BuD;wdkY t0dZÆmeJUwPSmudkcsKyfatmif

'Dw&m;awGudk avhvmtm;xkwf &wmygyJaemf/ tJ'Dawmh t0dZÆmeJUwPSmudkcsKyfEdkifzdkYtwGufrSm a,m*Drsm; t0dZÆmudk

y,fEdkifzdkY t0dZÆmudkzHk;xm;wJhtzHk;awGudk bkef;BuD;wdkY zGifhvmcJhwmvnf; ,aeUqkd&if [kwfvm;/ 5-&uf &SdvmygNyDaemf/

pdwfaumif;&S ducsrf;ompdwfaumif;&S ducsrf;ompdwfaumif;&S ducsrf;ompdwfaumif;&S ducsrf;ompdwfaumif;&S ducsrf;om

tJ'Dawmh olUoifwef;av; tpOfwdkif;oGm;&r,fqdk&if t0dZÆmudk zHk;xm;aom tzHk;u b,fESpfzHk;ygvdrfh/

(5-zHk;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if edAÁmef vdkYqdkwJh oEÅdokcNidrf;csrf;a&;w&m;udk&zdkYu uHeJUoGm;vdkYr&bl;aemf/ psmefeJU

oGm;vdkY r&bl;aemf/ ÓmPfeJUoGm;&r,f/ bmeJUoGm;&r,f/ (ÓmPfeJUoGm;&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJawmh ÓmPfudk&zdkYtwGufudk

'DrSm a,m*DwdkY tqifh b,fESpfqifh/ (5-qifhygbk&m;)/ tJawmh ½kyfeJUemrfudk ajym&if ½kyfeJUemrfudkod&if bmÓmPf

&rSmvJ/ (emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tcknaeydkif;rSm tcsdefav;vnf; enf;enf;&awmhh ur®óuwm or®m'd|dudk

jyefNyD;awmhaus;Zl;jyK&w,f/ 'DÓmPf ESpfÓmPfuawmhjzifh txufwufvdkuf? atmufqif;vdkufaygh [kwfvm;/

'DvdkeJUyJ bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyKygw,f/ bmjzpfvkdYaus;Zl;jyK ae&wmvJ qdkawmh ur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓmPfqdkwJh eHygwfwpf

tzHk;rzGifhorQ umv ywfvHk; 'um? 'umrawG bm'd|djzpfr,f/ (ed,wrdpäm'd|djzpfrSmygbk&m;)/ ed,wrdpäm'd|d/

avmurSmaMumufp&m taumif;qHk;onf bm'd|d/ (ed,wrdpäm'd|d)/ ed,wrdpäm'd|d qdkwm wjcm;ÓmPfr&vdkYvm;/

ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfr&wmvm;? (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf r&wmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓmPf&-&r,fqdkawmh ur®ó uwmor®m'd|dÓmPfeJU yHkaoenf;u

aumif;wmvkyf&if (aumif;wm jzpfrnf)/ raumif;wmvkyf&if (raumif;wmjzpfrnf)/ 'gu--olU&JUoabm

&Sif;&Sif;av;yJ/ bkef;BuD;raeUu aqmifyk'fuav; aemufqHk;ajymcJhygw,f aemf/ pdwfaumif;&Sdu csrf;om&\/

pdwfaumif;r&Sdu qif;&J&\/

tJ'gu eHygwfwpf ur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓmPf&JU tusOf;csKyfyg/ vdk&if;tcsKyfayghaemf/ odk Yaomf

tcsdKUpum;vHk;awGu vkdcsif;tcsKyfudk ajym½HkeJU em;vnfwmvnf;&Sdw,f/ em;rvnfwmvJ&Sdw,f/ vdk&if;tcsKyfuav;

enf;enf;avmuf ajymvdkufwmeJU trsm;BuD;em;vnfvdkufwJh yk*¾dKvfawGu bk&m;eJUygoGm;wmMumNyD/ bk&m;eJUygoGm;MuNyD-

-aemf/ yk*¾dKvf 4-rsdK;&SdwJh taMumif;vnf; ajymNyD;cJhNyDaemf/

aomwmyefjzpfzd k Uta&;BuD;aomwmyefjzpfzd k Uta&;BuD;aomwmyefjzpfzd k Uta&;BuD;aomwmyefjzpfzd k Uta&;BuD;aomwmyefjzpfzd k Uta&;BuD;

yk*¾dKvf 4-rsdK;&SdcJhygw,f/ tJ'D yk*¾dKvf 4-rsdK;rSm ,aeUbkef;BuD;wdkY avmavmq,f&SdaewJh[m ae,syk*¾dKvf?

y'y&r yk*¾dKvfaygh/ O*¢g#dwnLyk*¾dKvf? 0dyOödwnLyk*¾dKvf? ae,syk*¾dKvf? y'y&ryk*¾dKvfvdkY yk*¾dKvf 4-rsdK;&Sdw,f/ 'gu

pmaytwkdif;ygyJ[kwfvm;/ tJ'D 4-rsdK;rSm O*¢g#dwnLrsdK;u &Sifom&dykw å&mwdkYvdkayghaemf/ tusOf;av;Mum;½HkeJU

tus,fBuD;csJUNyD; odwJh twGuf w&m;&oGm;wmaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh tus,fudk csJUNyD;a[mrSm

cket&Sifarm*¾vefwdkYqdk&if enf;enf;av;csJUa[m&ao;wmayghaemf/ t"dyÜg,f/ tJ'DvdkcsJUa[mrS w&m;&wJhyk*¾dKvfawGu

0dyOödwnL yk*¾dKvfawGayghaemf/ ae,syk*¾dKvfawGu tus,fBuD;vnf; a[mcsifoavmufa[m? a[morQ w&m;udk

emEd kifoavmuf BudK;pm;em? em½H keJU rNyD;bl;/ BudK;pm; NyD;awmh tm;xkwf/ tJ'Dyk*¾ d Kvfaocsmayguf

103


'Db0uRwfwrf;0ifr,fqdkawmh 'g ae,syk*¾dKvfudkac:ygw,f/

tJ'Dawmh ae,syk*¾dKvfqdkwmu w&m;udkvnf; xyfwvJvJ? xyf wvJvJ em&r,f/ tm;xkwfwJhtcgvnf;

'um? 'umrawG wpfBudrfwnf; 1-pcef;eJU NyD;yghrvm;/ (rNyD;ygbl;)/ Oyrm? 10-&ufpcef;udk 1-pcef;eJU NyD;yghrvm;/

(rNyD;ygbl;)/ 2-pcef;eJUvnf; (rNyD;ygbl;)/ 3-pcef;eJUvnf; (rNyD;ygbl;)/ 'DvdkajymvdkYr&bl;/ b,fvkdNyD;w,frS

ajymvdkYr&bl;/ tBudrfBudrf tcgcg txyfxyfvkyf&r,f/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh udkd,hftusdK;ay; qdkwmu 'um? 'umrawG

'DtcsdeftcgrSm vma&mufNyD; vljzpfw,fqdkuwnf;u 'DtusdK;ay;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh ae,syk*¾dKvfxJrSm rdrdwdkYjzifh ygEdkifw,fqdkwm wdwdusus rajymEdkifbl;/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh

omoem 2500-'Dbufydkif;rSm yk*¾dKvf 2-rsdK;yJ&Sdwmudk;/ ae,syk*¾dKvfeJU y'y&ryk*¾dKvf/ ae,syk*¾dKvfu 'Db0

uRwfwrf;udk0ifr,f/ y'y&ryk*¾dKvfuawmh yg&rDav;yJ&r,f/ 'kwd,b0 usawmhrS uRwfwrf;0if r,faygh/

'Dawmh udk,fhudk,fudk y'y&rawG bmawG nmawG pOf;pm;raeeJU 'um? 'umrawG/ tJ'Dawmh aocsmayguf

igawmh uRwfwrf;0ifrSmyJvdkY qHk;jzwfcsufcs/ bmjzpfvdkY bkef;BuD;u 'DOpömudk 'gavmuf &J&Jwif;wif; ajym&wmvJqdkawmh

udk,fhpum;eJUudk,f ajymwmrSr[kwfyJ/ aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rdefUoGm;wmyJ/ opöma[mEdkifwJh

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csrf;csrf;omomeJUw&m;pcef;a&mufvmNyD; xdkifEdkifzdkY tm;xkwfzdkYuvnf; 'kv’bwpfck/ odkYjzifh 'Dt*Fg&yfawGeJU a,m*DwdkY

rnDbl; vm;/ at;? tJ'gawG nDNyDqdkvdkY&Sd&if uRwfwrf;0ifEkdifr,fqdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG

bmrStm;i,fp&m r&Sdawmhbl;/ tJ'D tck ajymaewJh t*Fg&yfawG tukefvHk; rdrdwdkYrSmjynfhpHkNyD;om; jzpfaeygw,f/

tJ'Dvdk jynfhpHkNyD;om;jzpfaewJhtwGufaMumifh uRwfwrf;0ifr,fvdkY qHk;jzwfcsu csyg/ tJ'Dvdk uRwfwrf;0ifEdkifzdkYtwGuf

vdk&if;tcsufu aomwmyefjzpfzdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ bmjzpfvdkY ta&;BuD;wmvJ/ (aomwmyefjzpfzdkYygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh aomwmyefjzpfcsif&if 'Dwdkif; tvum;aevdkYjzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/ y,foifhy,fxdkufwJh

udavomawG y,frS aomwmyef jzpfrSm/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if udavom 10-yg;wGif aomwmywådr*f (0g) aomwmyef

awGy,f&rJh udavomu 5-yg;yJ&Sdw,f/ b,fESpfyg;vJ/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ bkef;BuD;wdkY,aeU tJ'D 5-yg;udky,frSmaemf/

todeJUy,fr,f/ tyGm;eJUy,fr,f/ ty,feJUy,fr,f/ trSefuawmh udavomudk owfwmudk ajymwm/ todeJUowfr,f/

tyGm;eJUowfr,f/ ty,feJUowfr,f/ owfenf; b,fESpfenf;vJ/ (3-enf;ygbk&m;)/ udk,fowf&if aor,faygh/

udavom owfoGm;vdkY&Sd&if udavom eda&ma"medAÁmef/ qdkprf;yg/ (udavom eda&ma"medA Ámef)/ udavom

aowm wjcm;vm;? edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmefyg bk&m;)/ aomwmyef rsufarSmufjyKtyfwJh edAÁmefudk bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um?

'umrawG 'D½kyf? 'Demrf? 'DcEmeJU edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyK&rSmyg/ 'gaMumifh 'Dw&m;u pdwful;,Ofw&m;vm;?

vufawGUw&m;vm;/ (vufawGUw&m;yg bk&m;)/

Ak'¨bmomrSm r&SdwJhtusifhAk'¨bmomrSm r&SdwJhtusifhAk'¨bmomrSm r&SdwJhtusifhAk'¨bmomrSm r&SdwJhtusifhAk'¨bmomrSm r&SdwJhtusifh

tJ'Dawmh 'D½kyf? 'Demrf? 'DcEmeJUaomwmyefwdkY rsufarSmufjyKEdkifwJh edA Ámefudk rsufarSmufjyKEdkifzdkYtwGufu

udavom b,fESpfyg;owf&rSmvJ/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'd|d&,f? 0dpdudpäm&,f? oDvA Áwy&mrmo? £óm? rpä&d,

5-yg;aemf/ 'g-bkef;BuD;u pmtwdkif;&Gwfjyaewmaemf/ tJ'Dawmh t"duu aemuf 3-yg;udktomxm;vdkuf/

oDvA Áwy&mrmo u a,m*DwdkYrSm jzpfcJw,f/ bmvdkYqdkawmh tavhtusihfqkd;ukdyif rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif;

okH;oyfxifrSwfaewmukd oDvAÁwy&mrmovdkU qkdwmukd;/ acG;usifh? EGm;usifh usifhwmudk ajymwm/ acG;vdkusifhrS

oHo&muvGwfr,f xifvdkY acG;vdk usifhw,f/ EGm;vdkusifhrS oHo&muvGwfr,fxifvdkY EGm;vdkusifhw,f/ 'g-

bk&m;pwJh olawmfpifawGukd rqnf;uyf&bJudk;/ tapvuy&dAkdZfawGqdk vHk;0 wpfudk,fvHk; t0wfr0wfbl;/

rdk;&Gm&Gm aeylyl 'Dtwdkif;ae&if; acgif;yg;wJhtusifhawG usifhw,f/ 'Dvdkacgif;yg;wJh tusifhusifhrS oHo&mu

vGwfr,fqdkawmh --uJ? 'um? 'umrawG rcufbl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh vlvdkrpm;bl;/ EGm;vdkav;bufaxmufNyD;awmh

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EGm;vdkpm;w,f/ acG;vdk pm;w,f/ EGm;vdktdyfw,f/ acG;vdktdyfw,f/ tJ'DvdkusifhrS acgif;yg;wJh tusifhusifhrS

oHo&muvGwfr,fvdkYxifawmh 'DvdkyJusifhMuwJh tusifhawG &Sdw,faygh/ tJ'Dtusifhudk oDvAÁwy&mrmo vdkYac:w,f/

Ak'¨bmomrSm 'Dtusifhur&Sdbl;/ 'gu y,fNyD;om;ayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh ta&;tBuD;qHk;u 'd|deJU 0dpdudpäm/ 'd|d?

0dpdudpämudk em;vnfEdkifzdkYu y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSm/

Ak'¨bmom0iftpAk'¨bmom0iftpAk'¨bmom0iftpAk'¨bmom0iftpAk'¨bmom0iftp

0dpdudpämqdkwm odyfaMumufp&maumif;w,f/ oHo,/ (oHo, ygbk&m;)/ [kwfrS[kwfyghrvm;/ rSefrS

rSefyghrvm;/ tJ'D oHo,udk ajzazsmufEdkifzdkY twGufuawmh wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/

(y#dpöorkyÜg'fem;vnf&rSmygbk&m;)/ uHeJU y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnfNyDqdk&if olUqdkif&mqdkif&m 0dpdudpämNidrf;oGm;wmaygh/

uJ--'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ uHtaMumif; uHtusdK;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f eHygwfwpf tuGufudk Munfh&ift0dZÆmypö,mocFg&/

ocFg&qdkawmh 'DrSm tajccH ajymMuatmifaemf/ a[m'DrSm ocFg&qdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY aeUwdkif;yJ 'DocFg&awG

axmufaxmufoGm;wmyJ/ a[m'D ocFg&qdkwmu b,ftuGuf xJu ocFg&vJ/ (eHygwfwpf tuGufxJuygbk&m;)/

umveJUajymawmh b,fumvvJ/ (vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvygbk&m;)/ vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvxJu

ocFg&u uHocFg&vdkY rSwf&r,f/ bmocFg&/ (uH ocFg&ygbk&m;)/ ur®0#faemf/ uHocFg&rSm 'um? 'umrawG 3-

rsdK;ygw,f/ emrnf 3-rsdK;&Sdw,f/ b,fESpfrsdK;/ (3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ apwem? uH? ocFg&/ 'g--bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DopfawG

twGufrdkYvdkY tajccHajymaewmaemf/ ocFg& rSm emrnfb,fESpfrsdK;/ (3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ eHygwfwpftwGufu ocFg&udk

axmufwdkif; axmufwdkif; ocFg&rSm emrnfb,fESpfrsdK;/ (3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ apwem? uH? ocFg&/ 'g--rSwfxm;&r,faemf/

'Dvdkjzifh&if tJ'D ocFg&qdkwJh pum;Mum;awmh Ak'bmomawGu uHocFg&udkajymwmenf;w,f/ bmaMumifhvJ

qdkawmh uH ocFg& taeeJU ajymwmu twdwfumvudk ajymwm/ ypöKyÜefumvtaeeJUajymwmu uHvdkYajymygw,f/

ypöKyÜeftaeeJUajymwmu (uHygbk&m;)/ twdwftaeeJU ajymwmu (ocFg&ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if tckbkef;BuD;wdkY

'um? 'umrawGu ypöKyÜefb0a&mufaeawmh ypöKyÜefumvtaeeJUajymawmhuH? uH? uH? uH 'DvdkyJajymygw,f/

twdwftaeeJUajymawmh b,fvdkyJ ajym&rvJ/ (ocFg&ygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ocFg&vdkYyJajymajym? uHvdkYyJajymajym?

apwemvdkYyJ ajymajym? 'gyJajymw,fvdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY em;vnfygaemf/ tJ'Dawmh emrnf b,fESpfemrnfvJ/ (3-

emrnfygbk&m;)/ apwem? uH? ocFg&/

'Dawmh Ak'bmomawG&JU avmurSm tif; [dkvl apwemaumif; vdkufwm/ aMomf? [dk'umrBuD;u

apwemawGaumif;vdkufwm/ rajym bl;vm;/ apwemaumif;w,fqkdwm uHaumif;wm/ apwem raumif;&if

uHraumif;bl;/ aMomf--[dkvlu awmfawmfapwem ,kwfwJhvl/ apwem ,kwf&if wjcm;,kwfwmvm;/

uH,kwfwmvm;/ (uH,kwfwmygbk&m;)/ apwemaumif;&if (uHaumif; ygw,fbk&m;)/ Ak'bmomawG tajccHrSm

uHtydkif;eJU rdrdwkdYem;vnfMunfh&if avmurSm uHraumif; csifwJholb,folrS r&Sdbl;/ &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/

b,fyk*¾dKvf? b,fvlrsdK;yJjzpfjzpf? raumif;wmudk jrifvnf; rjrif csifbl;/ vdkvnf; rvdkcsifbl;/ pm;vnf;

rpm;csifbl;/ aemufqHk;awmh 'um? 'umr armfawmfum;pD;&ifawmiffrS raumif;wJhum;pD;csifvm;/ (rpD;csifygbl;bk&m;)/

avmurSm aumif;wm rSeforQ vlwdkif; vlwdkif; tvdk r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk aumif;wmrSeforQtvdk&Sd&if

'um? 'umrawGbmawGvkyfMurvJ/ (aumif;wmvkyfygr,fbk&m;)/aumif;wmawGyJ vkyfr,f/aumif;wmawGyJ

ajymr,f/ aumif;wmawGyJ MuHr,f/ 3-rsdK;aemf/ um,uH?0pDuH? raemuH/ tJ'gu Ak'bmom0iftp ur®óuwm

or®m'd|duvdkY qdk&ygr,f/

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY tbdPSokwfudk enf;enf;jyefNyD;awmhavhvmyg/ uHomvQiftrd? uHomvQiftz?

uHomvQif rSDcdk&m? udk;uG,f&m tm;xm;&m qdkwm tbdPSokwfrSm rvmbl;vm;/ tck a,m*DwdkYudk tzHk; 5-

zHk;wGif uHtzHk;udk tckzGifhaewmaemf/ odkYaomfuHudk a[mae½HkeJU uHudk em;vnf½HkeJU uHudkoabmayguf usifhoHk;ae½HkeJU

105


edAÁmefudk a&mufrvm;/ (ra&mufygbl; bk&m;)/ ta0;BuD;&Sdao;w,faemf/ odkYaomf 'Dvdkta0;BuD;u 'um? 'umrawG

wjznf;jznf;wufvdkuf&if reD;bl;vm;/ (eD;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'DedA ÁmefqdkwJh oEÅdokcNidrf;csrf;jcif;udk

&EdkifzdkYtwGufu tajccH rwufbJeJU &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk edA Ámefqkdwmonf 0dZÆm ÓmPfeJUa&muf&rSm

jzpfavaomaMumifh 0dZÆmÓmPf&zdkYtwGufudk eHygwfwpf b,ftzHk; zGifhae wmvJ/ uHtzHk;/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY

'DuHtzHk;[m tifrwefrSyJ cufcJwJh uHzHk;jzpfw,f/ tckae jAKef;ceJajymaewkef;awmh ayghayghwefwefeJUayghaemf/

wu,frdrdvkyf&yfawGeJU ,SOfMunfhvdkufwJhtcg usawmh awmfawmfrsm;rsm; Ak'bmomawG NidaewmawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/

NidaewmawG&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ]]Ak'bmomtp ur®óuwm or®m'd|du}}wJh/ h Ak'bmom0ifwpfa,muf jzpf&if

uHeJUtusdK;ay;udk bmvkyf&rvJ/ ,HkMunf&r,f/

'Dvdkjzpf&ifuHeJUtusdK;ay;rSm raemuH&,f? 0pDuH&,f? um,uH&,f/ tJ'DrSmraemuHrSmvnf; aumif;wm?

raumif;wm 2-rsdK;&Sdw,f/ 0pDuHrSmvnf; aumif;wm? raumif;wm 2-rsdK;&Sdw,f/ um,uHrSmvnf; aumif;wm?

raumif;wm 2-rsKd;&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh b,folyJjzpfjzpf? raumif;wmeJU aumif;wmudk b,f[mtvdk&Sd/ (aumif;wmudk

tvdk&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ aumif;wmudk tvdk&Sd&if pdwfuvnf;yJ bmudkMuHrvJ/ (aumif;wmudk MuHygr,f)/ yg;pyfuvnf;

bmudkajymrvJ/ (aumif;wmudkajymygr,f)/ udk,ftrlt,muvnf; bmudkvkyfrvJ/ (aumif;wmudk vkyfygr,f)/

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MuHr,f/ raumif;wmudk rajymbl;/ aumif;wmudk ajymr,f/ raumif;wmudk rvkyfbl;/ aumif;wmudk vkyfr,fqkd&if

rdrdb0[m rNidrf;csrf; rSmvm;/ Nidrf;csrf;rSmvm;/ (Nidrf;csrf;rSmygbk&m;)/

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tckyJ ,ck 'Dtwdkif; usifh&if ,ckyJNidrf;wmyJ/ reufjzefusifh&if reufjzefrNidrf;bl;vm;/ (Nidrf;ygw,f)/

wpfudk,fa& wpfum, wpfa,muf wnf;usifh&if wpfa,mufwnf; rNidrf;bl;vm;/ (Nidrf;ygw,fbk&m;)/

wpfrdom;pkvHk;usifh&if wpfrdom;pkvHk; Nidrf;wmyJ/ wpf&yfuGuf vHk;usifh&if (wpf&yfuGufvHk; Nidrf;ygw,f)/ tdk?

wpfwkdif; wpfjynfvHk; usifh&if (wpfwdkif; wpfjynfvHk; Nidrf;ygw,fbk&m;)/ wpfurÇmvHk;usifh&if (wpfurÇmvHk;Nidrf;

ygw,f)/ wu,fh Nidrf;csrf;a&;w&m;tppfonf wjcm;w&m;vm;/ Ak'bmom w&m;vm;/ (Ak'bmomw&m;ygbk&m;)/

uHeJUtusdK;ay;udk;/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

,aeU Nidrf;csrf;a&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;vdkY atmfaewm? rusifhoHk;bJeJU Nidrf;csrf;yghrvm;/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;BuD;vnf;

atmfcsifovdkatmf/ ,ck jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mwJhuHeJU tusdK;ay;udkom vufcHusifhoHk;&if raumif;wmudk b,folrS

rjzpfcsifawmh raumif;wmudk rMuHawmhbl;/ raumif;wmudk rajymawmhbl;/ raumif;wmawG rvkyfawmhbl;/

,aeU urÇmrSm vlowf vufeufawG vkyfaewm[m aumif;wmvm;? raumif;wmvm;/ (raumif; wmygbk&m;)/

vufu raumif;wmawGvkyfaew,f/ yg;pyfuatmfaew,f/ b,fawmhrS rNidrf;csrf;bl;a,m*DwdkY/

tJ'Dawmh wpfurÇmvHk;om Ak'bmomawG t,ljzpfwJh uHeJU tusdK;ay;udk ,HkMunfvufcHusifhoHk;&if urÇmBuD;

b,favmuf Nidrf;csrf;vdkufrvJ/ (rSefvSyg)/ urÇmay:rSm axmifawmif xm;p&mrvdk awmhbl;/ bkef;BuD;wdkY

a&S;pum;yHkvdkyJ a[h-- rkqdk;rtdrfawmif wHcg;zGifhtdyf/ tJ'Davmufxdatmif rNidrf;csrf;bl;vm;/ bmvdkYqdk

raumif;wmrajym? raumif;wmrvkyf? raumif;wmrMuH&if raumif;wmawGjzpfyghOD;rvm;/ (rjzpfygbl; bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeU bmyJajymajym vHkjcHKatmif pnf;½dk; cwfNyDqdkuwnf; u raumif;wmawGajym? raumif;wmawGMuH?

raumif; wmawG vkyfwJh yk*¾dKvfawG&SdaevdkY qdkwmuawmh xif&Sm;w,faygh/ tJ'gu wjcm;udk rusifhoHk;vdkY

r[kwfbl;/ uHeJUtusdK;ay;udk rusifhoHk; vdkYyg/ 'gu wpfydkif;&Sif; oGm;NyDaygh/

106


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tJ'Dawmh ,ckuHeJU tusdK;ay;qdkwJhtcgrSm apwem? uH? ocFg&/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]apwem [H

bdu©a0 ur®H 0'grd}}wJh/ 'Dvdk ra[mbl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh apwemudk bmaumufrvJ/ uHaumufr,f/

tJ'DuHudkbmac:rSmvJ/ (ocFg&yg bk&m;)/ 'gjzifh tckaxmufaewJh ocFg&u b,fumvudk axmufaewmvJ/

(vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvudkygbk&m;)/ olrsm;vkyfcJhwmvm;? udk,fvkyfcJhwmvm;/ (udk,fvkyfcJhwmygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if a,m*DwdkY oifwef; taeeJU ocFg& 3-rsdK;awmh odygaemf/ uJ--ocFg& 3-rsdK;u

yknmbdocFg& uwpfrsdK;?

tyknmbdocFg& uwpfrsdK;?

tmaeOömbdocFg&u wpfrsKd;/

'Dawmh - aumif;NyD/ tck 'g eHygwfwpftuGufxJu ocFg&udk &Sif;aewmaemf/ yknbdocFg&qdkwm

'getp&SdwJh yknBud,m 10-yg;ayghaemf/ 'geawG? oDvawG? a0,sm0pöawG? w&m;a[mwmawG? w&m;emwmawG

yknmbdocFg&/

vdk&if;uawmh ygPmwdygwuH tp&SdwJh ygPmwdygw? t'dEém'ge? umarok - [kwfvm;/ rkom0g'?

ydokP0gpm? z½ko0gpm? oræyÜvm0gpm? tbdZösm? Asmyg'? rdpäm'd|d? qkdwJh 'kp½dkufw&m; 10-yg;onf tyknmbdocFg&/

bmocFg&/ (tyknmbdocFg&)

orx? ur®|mef;w&m; av;q,fukdtm;xkwfvkdU psmeformywf awG &&Sdvm&if tmaeÍömbdocFg&?

psmefr&&ifawmh umrukokdvfygyJ? 0dyóemyGm;rsm; awmhvnf; r*fzkdvfr&cifrSm umrukokdvf apwemyJ jzpfygw,f/

orxawGtm;xkwfvkdU&&SdvmwJh ½ly-t½lypsmefukokdvf apwemawG[m tmaeÍömbdocFg&yJ a,m*DwkdU/

[kwfNyD/ a[m'D ocFg& 3-rsdK;udk vkyfwdkif;/ ocFg&vdkYajymwdkif; ajymwdkif; olonf wjcm;vm;? uHvm;/

(uHygbk&m;)/ tJ'DuHonf wjcm;vm;? apwemvm;/ (apwemygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh apwemonf olrsm;rSm&Sdwmvm;/

udk,fhrSm&Sdwmvm;/ (udk,fhrSm&Sdwmygbk&m;)/

odkYjzifh tJ'DuHu olrsm;zefwD;wmvm;? udk,fhudk,fudk zefwD;wmvm;/ (udk,fhudk,fudk zefwD;wmygbk&m;)/

udk,fhudk,fudk pdwfaumif;&SdvQif uHaumif; w,f/ pdwfaumif;r&SdvQif (uHraumif;bl;)/ tJ'gu b,foleJUrS rywfouf

bl;/ udk,fydkifudpöjzpfygw,f/ udk,fraumif;vnf;yJ udk,fcHyJav/ udk,f aumif;vnf;yJ udk,fpHr,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ

qdkawmh 'um? 'umrawG uH tusdK;ay;u rdbeJU om;orD;u,fvdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ rdb raumif;vnf;

rdbu raumif;wJhae&moGm;aemf/ om;orD;raumif;vnf; om;orD; raumif;wJhae&moGm;/ rdbaumif;&ifvnf;

rdbaumif;wJh ae&moGm;/ om;orD;aumif;&ifvnf; om;orD;aumif;wJhae&moGm;qdkawmh uJ--'um? 'umrawG

u,fvdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;--aemf/ udk,fjyKwJhuHudk udk,fcHpm;&rSm/

tJ'Dawmh 'Db0rSmu 'guawmh taz? 'guawmh tar? 'guawmh om;? 'guawmh orD;? 'guawmh

ZeD;? 'guawmh cifyGef;qdkNyD;awmh vmNyD;awmh wpfb0 wpfcPav; awmfpyfwm/ tcsdefwefusawmh

udk,fhvrf;udk,fravQmufbl;vm;/ (avQmuf ygw,f)/ b,folU b,folrS 'um? 'umrawG tultnDay;vdkY

r&bl;/ tJ'Dawmhudk,feJUtwlwl ygoGm;rSm wjcm;vm;? uHawGvm;/ (uHawGyg bk&m;)/ ocFg&eJU ajymawmh

yknmbdocFg&? tyknmbdocFg& 'gawG udk,feJU ygr,f/ wu,f orxawG tm;xkwfvkdY psmeformywfawG&oGm;ol

awGusawmh tmaeOömbdocFg& tJ'D ocFg& 3-rsdK;udk,feJUygvdrfhr,f/

odkYaomf omrefykxkZOf orxavmufom vkyfwJhtcgusawmh yknmbdocFg&? tyknmbdocFg&yJ ygrSmyg/

tJ'D ocFg&awG vkyfwdkif; vkyfwdkif; b,foltkyfcsKyfwmvJ/ (t0dZÆm tkyfcsKyf wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'g ygVdawmfudk

&Gwfvdkufyg/ (t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&)/ 'Dawmh t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg& qdkawmh b,fumvuvJ/ (vGefavNyD;aom

107


twdwfumvyg bk&m;)/ ocFg&ypö,m? (0dnmPH)/ 0dnmPfqdkawmh eHygwfESpf tuGufxJ a&mufvmw,f/

b,ftuGufxJrSmvJ/ (eHygwfESpf tuGufxJ rSmygbk&m;)/

bk&m;om"kac:bk&m;om"kac:bk&m;om"kac:bk&m;om"kac:bk&m;om"kac:

'Dawmh -- 'Doifwef;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY bmudkoGm;oGm;NyD;awmh erlemMunfh&rvJqdk&if? "r®y'rSm

&ufuef;onfrav;jzpfpOfav;ayghaemf/ om"uay;jyvdkufawmh oifwef;w&m;u ydkrSwfrdygw,f/ tmV0DNrdKUudk

jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; w&m;a[m<uvmwJhtcgusawmh w&m;em y&dowfBuD; pHkavmufayr,fh

bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; w&m;ra[mao;bl;/ bmaMumifh bk&m;&Sif? w&m; ra[mEdkifygvdrfhrvJvdkY y&dowfBuD;u

rodbl;/ tJ'DawmhrS y&dowftpGef acgif;rSm awmif;BuD;&GufNyD;awmh 14-5-6ESpf&SdwJh uav;rav; wpfa,muf

0ifvmawmhrS jrwfpGmbk&m;u tJ'D y&dowfBuD; xJu 'Duav;rav;udk vSrf;EIwfqufvdkufw,f/

]]csp forD ; ? a& S Uud kvmc J h } } qd kawm hr S a& S U0i fvmw,f/ jrwfp Gmbk&m;u w&m;a[mzd k Y

'Duav;rav;udkapmifhaewm/ bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; apmifhaew,fqdkawmh b,folurS 'um? 'umrawG

ravQmuf&Jbl;/ rajym&Jbl;aygh/ olvnf;a&mufa&m w&m;yGJpNyDaemf/ bk&m;udk,fawmf jrwfonfyifvQif 'um?

'umrawG yk*¾ dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,mufudk taMumif; jyKí ow å0g a0ae,sudk cRwfawmfrl&w,f/ 'DrSm

bmjyKvdkYapmifh&wmvJ qdkawmh olUudktaMumif;jyKNyD; usefwJhowå0gawGudk cRwfr,fhw&m; a[mrSmudk;/ 'gaMumifh

olUudkapmifh&wm/ tJ'Dawmh ykxkZOfawG[m? t&yfawG; tawG;eJU t&yfajym ajymr,fqdk&if? tr,f - jrwfpGmbk&m;u?

'Duav;apmifhaew,fqdkawmh olUyJ rsufESmvdkufovdk/ 'gaMumifh ykxkZOfrsm; odyfaMumufp&maumif;w,f/ udk,fxifwm

udk,favQmufajymae&if? 'um? 'umrawG rSm;aomf&Sd? rSefaomf&Sd/ rSef&ifawmh awmf&JU/ trSm;ajymrd&if 0pDuH

rysufbl;vm;/ tJ'D trSm;0pDuHonf wjcm;tusdK;ay;rSmvm;? trSm;tusdK;ay;rSmvm;/ (trSm;tusdK;ay;rSmygbk&m;)/

tJ'gaMumifh bkef;BuD; wdkY 'um? 'umrawG uHeJUtusKd;ay;udkom odxm;&if udk,fhyg;pyfudk,f csKyfxm;&r,fh

twdkif;jzpfaeNyD/ b,fae&mu ajymajym wpfcsufrS tjypfu rvGwfbl;/ 'gaMumifh udk,fhudk,fudk 'Dw&m;em&NyDqdk&if?

ajcawG? vufawG awmif vIyfzdkYcufw,f/ 'Davmufta&;BuD;w,fayghaemf/ yg;pyfydwfxm;&r,fh taetxm;rsdK;

jzpfNyDaygh/

'DawmhrS jrwfpGmbk&m;u

]]uJ--cspforD;? b,fuvmovJ}}'Dvdk ar;vdkufw,f/ 'Dawmh 'Duav;rav;u pOf;pm;w,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;

ighudkar;aew,f/ b,fu vmovJvdkYar;wm[m ig--tdrfuvmwm[m bk&m;vnf; odrSmyJ/ y&dowf BuD;vnf;

odw,f/ 'gudk tajccHNyD; ar;wmr[kwfbl;xifw,fqdkNyD;awmh? 'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk avQmufvdkufw,f/

]]wynfhawmf b,fuvmrSef; rodygbk&m;}}vdkY 'DvdkavQmuf vdkufw,f/

'Dawmh y&dowfBuD;u rauseyfbl;? 'um? 'umr awG/ [m-'Duav;rav; b,fES,fhaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd

rxDrJhjrifjyK&wmvJ/ oHk;avmuxGwfxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;? b,folurQSbk&m;udk &J&Jwif;wif; rMunfh&JwJh

Opömudk? olb,fES,fhaMumifh rxDrJhjrifjyK&wmvJ/ y&dowfBuD; rauseyfbl;aygh/ 'DawmhrS wpfvufpwnf; qufNyD;

ar;vdkufw,f/ 'Dvdkjzifh-b,foGm;rvdkYvJ? (rodygbk&m;)/

b,fu vmovJqkdawmhvnf; (rodygbk&m;)/ b,foGm;rvdkY vJqkdawmhvnf; (rodygbk&m;)/ [m? y&dowf

'um? 'umrawG zGifhom rajymw,f? &Gpd &GpdjzpfoGm;NyD/ us,fus,fawmhrajymbl;/ bk&m;a&SU qkdawmh

½kdaoav;pm;wmaygh/ [kdem;wkd;wdk; wdk;wdk;/ 'Dem;wdk;wdk; wdk;wdk;eJU/ wpfa,mufeJUwpfa,muf vufukyfayghAsm/

[kwfvm;/ rsufpypf? ar;xdk;aygh [kwfvm;/ jzpfwm obm0/ obm0/ wkd;wdk;? wdk;wdk;eJU twif;awG ajymukefNyD/

ESpfckyJ&Sdao;w,f [kwfvm;/ b,fuvmovJvdkY ar;awmh (rodygbk&m;)/ b,foGm;rvJqdkawmh (rodygbk&m;)/

108


rodygbk&m;/ [ cspforD; wu,frodbl;vm;qdkawmh odygw,f bk&m; jzpfawmhwmyJ/ y&dowf &Gpd&Gpd

jzpfoGm;NyDaemf/

wu,faum odvm;qdkawmh rodygbk&m;wJhqdkawmh a[m-ar;cGef;(av;)csuf tukef'ku©awG a&mufukefNyD/

y&dowf xdef;r& awmhbl;/ 'Dawmh wpfcgwnf; 'Daumifrav; b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk 'DvdkavQmuf&rvm;/

bmvm;? nmvm;ayghaemf/

'DawmhrS jrwfpGmbk&m;u uJ-uJ-uJ cspforD;wJh/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ar;wJh ar;cGef;udk cspforD;jyefajzprf;/

[kwfygw,fbk&m;- cspforD;b,fuvmovJvdkY ar;wJhtcgrSm wynfhawmf rodygbk&m;vdkYajymwm[m -

bk&m;-wynfhawmfr tdrfuvm wm[m bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; odrSmygwJh/ y&dowftm;vHk;uvnf; odygw,f/

okdYaomf 'Dw&m;yGJBuD;rSm 'Davmuf wefzdk;&SdwJhtcsdefukd tcsdef ukefcHNyD; ar;r,frxifbl;wJh/ bk&m;wynfhawmf

odwm[mqdk&if b,fb0u vmovJvkdY ar;vkdYomvQif wynfhawmfrodaMumif;ygbk&m;vdkY/ 'DvkdavQmufvdkufygw,f/

'DawmhrS jrwfpGmbk&m;u om"k 3-Budrfac:w,f/ 'um? 'umrawG/ bk&m;bmvkyfwmvJ/ (om"k 3-Budrfac:ygw,f)/

tJ'DawmhrS y&dowfBuD;u 0kdif;NyD; om"kac:Muwm/ apmapmwkef;u ar;xdk;vdk xkd;? vufukwfvdkukwf? twif;ajymvdk

ajymwJh y&dowf tckbmjzpfoGm;vJ/ om"kac:NyD; csD;rGrf;oGm;w,f/ at;-[kwfvdkufavjcif;? rSefvdkufavjcif;

ayghaemf/ 'g-wpfcsuf/

uJ-'Dvkdjzifh 'kwd,ar;cGef; cspforD;jyefajzawmhwJh/ b,foGm;rvJvdkY qdkwm[mwJh wynfhawmf acgif;ay:rSm

&ufazmufawmif;BuD;eJU vmwm? tvkyf½HkoGm;r,fqdkwm tukefodygw,f/ aeYwdkif;vnf; oGm;aewmyJ/ olu

&ufuef;,uf aewmudk;/ odkYaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;udkf,fawmfjrwfBuD;onf 'Davmuf tcsdefukefcHNyD; 'gudkar;r,fvdkY

rxifygbl;wJh/ 'Db0uae wynfhawmfr aoNyD;&if b,fbHk b,fXmeukd a&mufrvJqdkwmudk jrwfpGmbk&m;

udk,fawmfjrwf ar;w,fqdkwmudk bk&m;wynfhawmfr oabmaygufvdkY wynfhawmfrvnf;yJ b,fa&mufrSef;

rodygbk&m;vdkY ajzvdkufNyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"kac:w,f? 'um?

'umrawG/ tJ'Dbk&m;om"kac:rS y&dowfBuD;u bmjzpfvJ/ (om"kac:w,f)/ 0dkif;NyD;awmh om"kac:wm/ ar;cGef;ESpfckaemf/

tJ'gu [dku &ufuef;onfrav; taMumif; om"ujya[mwmyg/ uJ-'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY tm;vHk;? ukd,hfaqGawmf

rsdK;awmf rdawG zawG ar;r,faemf/

b,fukdoGm;rvJa,m*Db,fukdoGm;rvJa,m*Db,fukdoGm;rvJa,m*Db,fukdoGm;rvJa,m*Db,fukdoGm;rvJa,m*D

tck--b,fuvmvJvdkY ar;&if b,fvdkajymrvJ/ (rodyg bk&m;)/ rodbl;/ 'gyJajz&rSmyJ/ odrS rodwm/

rodbl;/ bkef;BuD;vnf; rodbl;av/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ b,foGm;MurvJ/ (rodygbl; bk&m;)/

'Dem;u 'umBuD;u edAÁmefoGm;r,f wJh/ 'DtoHwpfoHMum;&wm bkef;BuD; tarmajyvkdufwm/ uJ - edA Ámefukd

oGm;r,f qkd&ifawmh bkef;BuD;'Dpcef; awmh pHjyyJayghAs/ oloGm;r,fajymwm/ oGm;w,f rajymbl;/ oGm;r,fyJ

ajymwm/ t"dyÜg,f - t"dyÜg,f/ uJ - xm;/ b,foGm;r,fqkdwm vnf; b,fvkdvkyfodrvJ/ odyghrvm;/

(rodygbl;bk&m;)/ at;--,aeU bkef;BuD;wdkY a[m'D y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;oifwmu tJ'Dpum;udk vufrcHawmhbl;/

'Dawmh b,fuvmvdkY vmrSef;rodygbk&m;/ b,foGm;vdkY oGm;rSef;rodyg bk&m; qdkwmu 'DuaeU bkef;BuD;wdkYtm;vHk;

'um? 'umrawG b,fbHk b,fXmeu vmw,fqdkwmudkod&JUvm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Du aoNyD;&if b,fbHk

b,fXmea&mufr,fqdkwmudk od&JUvm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ vlUjynfyJ a&mufrvm;? ewfjynfyJa&mufrvm;/ jA[®mjynfyJ

a&mufrvm;/ edAÁmefyJ a&mufrvm;? 'grSr[kwf i&J? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? tol&um,f tyg,fav;bHk yJ a&mufrvm;qdkwm

odyghrvm;/ (rodygbl;)/ rodbl;/ tJ'g bmaMumifh rodwmvJ qdkawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnfvdkY/ bmem;rvnfvdkYvJ/

(y#dpöorkyÜg'fem;rvnfvdkYygbk&m;)/ tck-- bkef;BuD;? a,m*DwdkYudk ocFg& taMumif;pNyD;awmh ajymNyDaemf/

tcka,m*Dwdk Y od&r,f/ tJ'DvdkodEd kifzd k YtwGufu bmw&m; tm;xkwf &rvJ/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f)/

109


opömw&m;tm;xkwf&r,f? opömw&m;em&r,f/ opömw&m;rem? opömw&m;tm;rxkwf? y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; rem?

y#dpö orkyÜg'f rjzwf&if? bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG? tckeu uav;rav; ajzovdkyJ b,fuvmrSef;vJrod?

b,fudkjyefrSef;vJrodbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if rcufbl;vm;/ (cufygw,fbk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'foifvkdufawmh avmborm;awG

oGm;&r,fhvrf;pOf? a'goorm;awG oGm;&r,fhvrf;pOf/ arm[orm;awG oGm;&r,fhvrf;pOf? udk,fhvrf;pOfeJUudk,f

oGm;w,f-roGm;bl;qdkwm olrsm; ar;&rSmvm;/ udk,fhudk,fudk ar;&rSmvm;/ (udk,fhudk,fudk ar;&rSmyg bk&m;)/

udk,fhudk,fudk jyefar;/ igavmbawG &Sdaevm;? a'goawG &Sdaevm;? arm[awG &Sdaeovm;/ rmefrmeawG&Sdaeovm;/

tJ'D w&m;awG udk,fwdkifrSm &Sdw,f r&Sdbl;qdkwm? udk,fhpdwfudk udk,ftuJcwf&if 'um? 'umrawG

rodbl;vm;/ (odygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D tckajymaewmawG &ifxJrSm &Sdaer,f? udef;aer,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if oGm;rSmonf

wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,f oGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,foGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dpdwf&Sd&ifawmh igoGm;rSm tyg,fyJ odoGm;NyD/

&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ a[m? aeUpOfaeUwdkif;? ig 'geawG b,f avmufjyKNyD; aeNyD/ 0rf;ajrmuf? 0rf;om/ ig

oDvawG b,favmufjrJ aew,f/ um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuH/ orx? 0dyóemawG b,favmuf tm;xkwfxm;w,f/

tJ'DvdkrsdK;av; wpfaeU udk,fhudk,fudk pOf;pm;vdkufvdkY &Sd&if? ok*wdedA Ámef oGm;Edkifr,fqkdwm rod bl;vm;/ 'Dvkdjzifh

vrf;u olUbmomol cGJNyD;om;yJ/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dvdk odEdkifatmif 'um? 'umrawG wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;?

y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSmyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh t0dZÆmypö,m (ocFg&m)/ ocFg&ypö,m (0dnmPHygbk&m;)/ ,aeUbkef;BuD;wdkY b,fuvmovJqdkwm

odzdkYtwGufu y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnf&if? bk&m;ociftvdkawmfusjzpfvmovdkvdk? odMum;rif;BuD;uyJ ydkYvdkufovdkvdk?

jA[®mrif;BuD;uyJ arG;xkwfay;vdkufovdkvdkaemf/ wefcdk;&Sif uyJ zefwD;ovdkvdkqdkwJh tJ'D-ovdkvdkawGeJUyJ 'um?

'umrawG tcsdef rukefbl;vm;/ (ukefygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gwjcm;aMumifhvm;? taMumif; w&m;udkem;rvnfvdkUvm;/

(taMumif;w&m;udk em;rvnfvdkYygbk&m;)/ tck bkef;BuD;wdkY taMumif;w&m;udkMunfhvdkufawmh t0dZÆmypö,m (ocFg&m)/

ocFg& ypö,m? (0dnmPHygbk&m;)/ 0dnmPfqdkawmhudk,feJUywfoufwJh 0dnmPfajym&if tckwpfjcm;0dnmPf&wmvm;/

vlU0dnmPf&wmvm;/ (vlU0dÓmPf &wmygbk&m;)/ vlU0dnmPfudk &wmu bmocFg&vkyfcJhvdkY/ (yknmbd ocFg&

vkyfcJhvdkYygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh yknmbdocFg&ypö,m (0dnmPH)/ 0dÓmPf qdkawmh tck vlU0dnmPf&vmNyD/ trd0rf;xJrSm

udk;v? q,fv pNyD;awmh aeNyD/ tJ'Dvdk vlUavmuudka&mufvmwmu twdwfumvu bmawGvkyfcJhvdkY/ t0dZÆmypö,m

(ocFg&m)/ 'gew&m;awG vkyfvdkY/ oDv w&m;awG vkyfvdkY/ tck vljzpfwm r[kwfbl;vm;/ ([kwfygw,fbk&m;)/

tu,fvdkY tyknmbdocFg&qdkwJh ygPmwdygwuH usL;vGef&if wjcm;a&mufrSmvm;? i&Ja&mufrSmvm;/

(i&Ja&mufrSmygbk&m;)/ t'dEém'gef? umarok? rkom? ok&mar&, usL;vGefvQif wjcm;a&mufrSmvm;? i&J a&mufrSmvm;/

(i&Ja&mufrSmygbk&m;)/ avmb? a'go? arm[awG &Sd&if wjcm;a&mufrSmvm;/ tyg,fa&mufrSmvm;/

(tyg,fa&mufrSmygbk&m;)/ avmbawGrsm;&if Nydwåmjynf a&mufr,faygh/ a'goawGrsm;&if i&Ja&muf r,faygh/

twdwfuaemf/ tJ'Dawmh twdwfu avmb a'go &Sdyif&Sdjim; aomfvnf;yJ bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawGrSm

'gew&m;? oDvw&m;awGu tm;aumif;awmh 'ge? oDvuae uJ? vlYjynfudkoGm;prf;qdkNyD;awmh? t0dZÆm ypö,m

(ocFg&)/ ocFg&ypö,m (0dnmPH)/ 0dnmPfqdkawmh vlUb0? vlUavmu 0dnmPfudk rydkYbl;vm;/ (ydkYygw,f)/

[kwfNyD/ ,aeUbkef;BuD;wdkY vlUavmuudk a&mufvmMuNyDaygh/

txGwftxdyfa&mufvdkaomftxGwftxdyfa&mufvdkaomftxGwftxdyfa&mufvdkaomftxGwftxdyfa&mufvdkaomftxGwftxdyfa&mufvdkaomf

tJ'Dawmh vlUavmuudk a&mufvmMuwm[m wjcm;u ydkYwmvm;? uHu ydkYwmvm;/ (uHu ydkYwmygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh twdwfeJUajymawmh bmajymrvJ/ (ocFg&)/ ypöKyÜefeJUajymawmh (uH)/ tJ'Dawmh uHomvQif trd

uHomvQiftzqdkwm]]tbdPSokwf}}eJUud kufoGm;NyD/ uHu yd k Uvk d kufNyDaemf/ uHuyd k Yvd kufonfhtwGuf

bk&m;tvdkawmfusvm;? uHydkYvdkufwmvm;/ (uHydkYvkdufwmygbk&m;)/ jA[®mBuD;u ydkYvdkufwmvm;? uHu ydkYvdkufwmvm;/

110


(uHuydkYvkdufwmygbk&m;)/ vl ewf jA[®m owå0gawGudk zefqif;wmvm;/ uHuydkYvkdufwmvm;/ (uHuydkYvkdufwmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh uHeJUtusdK;ay;udk ,HkMunfwmonf wjcm;vm;? ÓmPfvm; (ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ tJ'DÓmPf bmÓmPfac:/

(ur®óuwm or®m'd|dnmPf)/ [kwfNyD/ 'g wpfydkif;&yfvdkuf/ 0dÓmPf&zdkYta&;BuD;w,faemf/

tu,fí a,m*DwdkYu tJ'DvdkÓmPfrsdK;r&&if a[m'D wjcm; r[m,me wdkY wEÅ&wkdY rEÅ&wdkYu

0ifaESmufvdkufNyDqkd&if odyfaMumufp&m aumif;w,f/ 'gbkef;BuD;wkdYuvufawGUMunfh&rSmudk;/ tJ'Dawmh uHESifh

tusdK;ay;rSm twdwfumvwkef;u ukokdvfaumif;rIawGjyK&if aumif;wm vkyf&if (aumif;wmjzpfrnf)/

raumif;wmvkyf&if (raumif;wm jzpfrnf)/

tJ'Dawmh tcke raeYuvnf; ajymcJhw,f/ vlYb0 vlUavmu BuD;awmh a&mufvmygNyD/ a&mufvmMuNyD/

okd Yaomfvnf;yJ a,mufsm;awGjzpf? rdef;rawGjzpf twef;tpm;csif; ruGmbl;vm;/ (uGmygw,fbk&m;)/

a,mufsm;csif;wlaomfvnf;yJ uJ? 'um? 'umrawG ½kyf&nfcsif;wl&JUvm;/ (rwlygbl;)/ rwlnDbl;aemf/

a,mufsm;csif;wlaomfvnf;yJ ynmwwfwm ynmrJhwm csrf;omwm qif;&Jwm? &mxl;&Sdwm &mxl;rJhwm? (rwlygbl;

bk&m;)/ aMomf? tcsdKUawGusawmh &mxl;tjrifhqHk;&w,f/ tcsdKUusawmh bm&mxl;rS r&Sdbl;/ tcsdKUusawmh pm;p&m

aomufp&mudk r&Sdbl;/ tcsdKUus 'DwpfoufvHk; pm;rukefEdkifavmufatmif rcsrf;ombl;vm;/ (csrf;omygw,f)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'Dvdk csrf;omaewm[m b,folu rçvdkYvJ/ uHtaMumif;w&m; aMumifh rxif&Sm;bl;vm;/

(xif&Sm;ygw,f)/

odkYjzifh&if wEÅ& rEÅ& t,ltqu tJ'Dvdk csrf;omvmNyDqdk&if tif;? 'Dyk*¾dKvfawmh bmudk;uG,fvdkY/

udk;uG,frSef&ifawmh taMumif;r[kwfbl; -aemf/ bkef;BuD;wdkY avmurSm udk;uG,fp&m 3-rsdK;yJ&Sdw,f/ b,fESpfrsdK;vJ/

(3-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY ckeu &GwfoGm;NyD; Ak'H o&PH *pämrd/ "r®H o&PH *pämrd/

oHCH o&PH *pämrd/ tJ'D 3-yg; udkom ,Hk,HkMunfMunfudk;uG,f 'um? 'umrawGtxGwftxdyf ra&muf

bl;qkdwm r&Sdbl;/ trsdK;rsdK; 'um? 'umrawG ruGmbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk uGmwm[m odMum; jA[®m ewf 0dZÆmu

zefwD;ay;wm [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwf ygbl;)/ bdk;awmf r,fawmf rçwm [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ pD;yGm;av;

wufvmNyD/ &mxl;av; wufvmNyD/ rdom;pkav;rsm; tqifajy vmvdkY? xDav;bmav;rsm; aygufvmNyDqdk&if

tif;? igu [kd[mudk udk;uG,fvdkY? [dkbkd;awmfudk;uG,fvdkU? 'Dr,fawmf udk;uG,fvdkY/ [kdtdrfwGif;udk;uG,fvdkY? [kd

ukd,fawmfudk udk;uG,fvkdY? a[m[dk udk,fawmfomajymw,f? b,f udk,fawmfrSef;vnf; rodbl;/ pOf;pm;Munfh

'um? 'umrawG/ wGufMunfhAsm/ tJ'Dvkd udk;uG,fvkdY jzpfr,fqkd&if bkef;BuD;wdkY rtdyfrae wpfaeukef udk;uG,f

ygr,f/ odyfta&;BuD;w,f 'Dudpöaemf/ [kwfyghrvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;bk&m;)/

uJ - Oyrmajymr,f/ ,aeU q,fwef;pmar;yGJukd ajzMuwJh ausmif;olausmif;om;av;awG/ aMomf? olwkdYrSm

aovkarsmyg;? usufvkduf &wJhpm aeUrtdyf? nrtdyf [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dvkd usufawmh? aumif;aumif; usufawmh

aumif;aumif;rSwfrdwJh yk*¾dKvfu 'um? 'umr awG pmar;yGJ ratmifbl;vm;/ (atmifygw,f)/ pmvnf;rusufbl;/

*av vkdufNyD;awmh [kdvkyf 'Dvkyf awmifoGm; ajrmufoGm;eJU tcsdefwefajzawmh rajzEkdifwJhyk*¾dKvfu rusbl;vm;/

(usygw,fbk7m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh7if atmifwm b,fol rçvkdUvJ/ t"dyÜg,faemf/ 'g-Oyrmaqmifa[maewm/ tdrfwGif;u

rçwmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ tdrfjyifu rçwmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ odMum;? jA[®m? 0dZÆmawG rçwmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/

b,folrS rrçEkdifygbl;/

tJ'gaMumihfrkdUvkdU ,aeYBuD;yGm;csrf;omwJhyk*¾dKvfawG pkdufwJh uHtm;u enf;enf;aemaemvm;/ olrsm;

tdyfvnf;rtdyf/ olrsm; pm;vnf;rpm;/ wpfcgwnf;rSukd 'Dtay:rSm tvkyfukdESpfxm;wJhtcgusawmh olUay:rSm

tjrJwrf; raemuH r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tvkyfeJUywfoufNyD; rpm;Ekdif raomufEkdif ajym& qkd& vkyf&

ukdif&wJh 0pDuH r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ udk,fwkdifukd,fusukd wpfcgwnf; tyifyef;cHNyD; raqmif &Gufbl;vm;/

(aqmif&Gufygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf&JU um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHonf b,frSmrBuD;yGm;bJ &SdrvJ/ (rSefvSyg)/

111


uJ? 'Dvkdjzifh&if &mxl; *kPfodrf pnf;pdrfwdk;wufwJhyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSmvnf; wGufMunfhaemf/ udk,fhtxuf vlBuD;eJU

ywfoufvdkY/ udk,fhwm0ef0wå&m; wpfckeJU ywfoufvdkY rausyGef&if 'Dyk*¾dKvf &mxl;wufyghrvm;/ (rwufygbl;bk&m;)/

'Dawmh pdwfaumif;r&Sd&if &mxl;wufyghrvm;/ (rwufygbl;bk&m;)/ tjrJwrf; olrsm;udk 'ku©ay;zkdY pOf;pm;aewJhyk*¾dKvf

odyfrMumbl;/ ukd,fu t&if 'ku©a&mufoGm;NyD/ apwem onf wjcm;vm;? uHjzpfwmvm;/ (uHygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

tJ'Dudpö xJrSm odMum;vnf;rygbl;? jA[®mvnf;rygbl;? bdk;awmf r,fawmfvnf; rygbl;/ tdrfwGif; tdrfjyifvnf;

rygbl;/ bmwpfckrS rygbl;/ rdrdjyKcJhaom taMumif; w&m;aMumifhjzpfay:aom tusdK;w&m;/ tJ'gudk ,HkMunf&if

bmÓmPf&/ (ur®óuwm or®m'd|dnmPfygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh 'g bk&m;a[mwm bkef;BuD;wdkYa[mwJh pum;vHk; wpfvHk;rS rygbl;aemf/ 'g? odyfta&;BuD;vGef;vdkY/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk trSefw&m;udk &Sdaeygvsufu,feJU trSm;eJUtrSefudk ra0cGJEdkifwmonf wjcm;w&m;vm;?

t0dZÆmw&m;vm;/ (t0dZÆmw&m;ygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmu 0ifwJhtcgusawmh rSm;ovm;? rSefovm; qdkwm rodbl;/

t0dZÆm0ifwmeJUwpfNydKifeuf wpfcg wnf; trSm;eJUtrSefudk ra0cGJEdkif&if wjcm;vm;? 0dpdudpämvm;/ (0dpdudpäm

ygbk&m;)/ oHo,jzpfvmNyD/ a[m? pD;yGm;av;vnf;jzpfvnf;vma&m tif;? [dkurçovdkvdk/ 'Du rçovdkvdkaemf/

,aeUtcsdef qdk&if rEÅav; awmifjyHK;w,foGm;Muw,f/ rçwmudk;/ tJ'Dvdk rçr,fqdk&if 'um? 'umr awG

tdyfaeygvm;/ tdyfae&if xrif;pm;&OD;rvm;/ rpm;& bl;aemf/ vlUb0 rSm tckbkef;BuD;a[maewmu

wjcm;a[maewmvm;? uHudka[maewm vm;/ (uHudka[maewmygbk&m;)/ odkYaomf uHudk OD;wnfNyD; vmaeaomf

vnf; ÓmPf? 0D&d,u vTwfvdkUr&bl;aemf/ EdkYrdkUwpfckwnf;qdkvdkU&Sd&if 'd|djzpfoGm;OD;r,f [kwfvm;/ tckuHudk

t"duxm;a[maevdkY ÓmPf? 0D&d,udk aemufbufuxm;aewm/ tJawmh wdk;wufBuD;yGm;zdkY qdkwJhtcgrSm

uHOD;aqmifNyD;awmh olU&JUtaxmuftyHhqdkwJh oHk;acsmif;axmufvdkYaygh/ ÓmPf 0D&d,aum rygbl;vm;/ (yg-ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ÓmPf 0D&d, r&SdbJeJU? ig uHaumif;rSmyJvdkY tdyfaevdkY &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ r&bl;/

0D&d,qdkwmvnf;yg&r,f/ ÓmPfqdkwmvnf; yg&r,f ayghaemf/

tJ'Dawmh ckeajymwJh uHqdkwJhae&mrSm raemuH&,f 0pDuH&,f um,uH&,f/ tJ'D uHxJrSmudk ÓmPf?

0D&d,awGa&m rygbl;vm;/ (yg ygw,fbk&m;)/ vlUb0rSm ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhrSm csrf;omzdk Y tppt&m&m

&mxl;*kPfodrfpnf;pdrfawG wdk;wufzdkYqdkwmuawmh 'um? 'umrawG uH nmPf 0D&d,rygbJeJU r&bl;/ tJ'DxJrSm

odMum;? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmawG yg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;)/ rygbl;/ rygbl;/ rdrd&JU 0pDuHuaeNyD;awmh b,fol

yJjzpfjzpf rxDrJhjrif ajym&qdk& qdk&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf odyfrMumawmhbl; 'ku©a&mufawmhrSmyJ/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

b,folyJjzpfjzpf udk,fh&JU0pDuHu arwåm"mwfeJU ajymae&if 'Dyk*¾dKvfudk rkef;rSmvm;? cspfrSmvm;/ (cspfrSmyg bk&m;)/

'g &Sif;&Sif;av;yJ/

tJawmh uHqdkwm wjcm;ajymwmvm;? ocFg& ajymwmvm;/ (ocFg& ajymwmygbk&m;)/ odkYaomf 'DocFg&rSm

b,fol tkyfcsKyf/ (t0dZÆm tkyfcsKyf ygw,f)/ ygVdawmf&Gwfawmh t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m/ ocFg&ypö,m 0dnmPH/

'Dvd k jzif h&if ckeuawmh bkef;BuD;wd k Y ud k;uG,fw,fayg haemf/ ud k;uG,fwJ htcg jrefrmEd ki fiHrSm&S daewm

bk&m;vnf;udk;uG,fw,f/ w&m;vnf;udk;uG,fw,f/ oHCmvnf;udk;uG,fw,faygh/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if avmurSm udk;uG,fp&m

b,fESpfck/ (3-ckygbk&m;)/ 'gudk -

Ak'H o&PH *pämrd/

"r®H o&PH *pämrd/

oHCH o&PH *pämrd/

a'0wH o&PH *pämrd rygbl;/ 0dZÆm o&PH *pämrd rygbl;? odkYaomf vnf; jrefrmEdkifiHrSmu a'0wH

o&PH eJU 0dZÆmo&PHawG bdk;awmf o&PH r,fawmf o&PHawG trsm;BuD;jzpfaew,f/ tck bkef;BuD; ajymaewmu

tremy ajymaewm r[kwfbl;aemf/ uHESifh tudsK;ay;udk r,HkMunfvdkY rusifhoHk;&if bm'd|djzpfrSmpdk;vdkY/ (ed,w

112


rdpäm'd|dyg)/ 'g a,m*DwdkYudk rajymvdkYudk r&bl;/ 'gudk csef&pfcJh&if a,m*DwdkYtwGufu wpfuGufvGwfoGm; vdrfhr,f/

tJ'DtuGuf vGwfoGm;&if tm;xkwfaomfvnf;yJ vdk&if; ra&muf bl;aemf/

]]Aka'g ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]oHaCm ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]tnH ew¬d}} qdkwm bk&m;rSwpfyg; udk;uG,f&m r&Sd/ w&m;rS wpfyg; udk;uG,f&m r&Sd/ oHCmrS wpfyg;

udk;uG,f&m r&Sd/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if udk;uG,f&m tppftrSef b,fESpfck/ (3-ckygbk&m;)/ tJ'gudkaeUpOf o&P*HkoHk;yg;

raqmufwnfbl;vm;/ (aqmufwnfygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'Do&P*HkoHk;yg;udk aqmufwnf&if ypöKyÜefrSmvnf;

txufwef; usus rsufESmyef;vSvS a&mufr,f/ oHo&mrSmvnf;yJ tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD; edAÁmefudk r&Edkifbl;vm;/

(&Edkifygw,f)/ tJ'gu bmjzpfvdkUvJ/ (udk;uG,frSefvdkY)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if a,m*DwdkY w&m;rSwpfyg; udk;uG,fp&m r&Sdbl;qdkawmh 'gew&m;&,f oDvw&m;&,f

orxw&m;&,f? 0dyóemw&m;&,f/ tJ'D w&m;awGudk bmvkyfrvJ/ udk;uG,ftm;xm;&r,f/ usifhoHk;&r,f/

ud k;uG,f tm;xm;usif hoH k;&if txufwef;ra&mufEd ki fbl;vm;/ (a&mufEd ki fygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh

bkef;BuD;yg;pyfzsm;vrf;rqHk;eJU/ vufawGUusifhoHk; Munfhyg a,m*DwdkY/ 'gejyKvdkY&Sd&if qif;&JrSmvm;? csrf;omrSmvm;/

(csrf;om rSmygbk&m;)/ ckyJ a,m*DwdkY &yfuGufxJrSm qdkMuygpdkU/ [m? 'DaeUawmh wpf&yfuGufvHk; zdwfNyD;awmh

auR;OD;r,f/ uJ? wpf&yfuGufvHk; auR;NyD xm;/ b,folUurS udk,fh tjypfwifroGm;bl;/ aus;Zl;wifygw,fcifAsm/

cifAsm; usef;rmygap? csrf;omygap? vSLEkdifygap? wef;Edkifygap/ arwåmpdwf rjyefbl; vm;/ csufcsif; tusdK;ay;wmav/

aumif;wmvkyf&if aumif;wm jzpfr,f/ csufcsif; pdwfcsrf;omoGm;NyD aemf/ csufcsif; 'ge&JUtusdK;ay;/

a[m - b,folyJ jzpfjzpf pdwfaumif; ESvkH;aumif;arG;NyD; aumif;aumif;rGefrGefulnDw,fqdkwmu EIwftm;jzifh

vuftm;jzifh ulnDwm u tJ'gwjcm;vm;? oDvvm;/ (oDvygbk&m;)/ tJ'D yk*¾dKvfudk 'um? 'umrawG tukefvHk;u

rkef;rSmvm;? cspfrSmvm;/ (cspfrSmyg)/ oDvtusdK; ay;aemf/ tJ'DtusdK;ay;u tckcsufcsif; udk,fhrSmcHpm;&wJhtusdK;ay;/

ckewkef; u csrf;omjcif;tusdK;ay;qkdwmu avmavmq,f pdwfrcsrf;ombl;vm;/ (csrf;omygw,f)/ tJ'gaMumifh

'gejyKwJh yk*¾dKvfonf 'geonf wjcm;vm;? uHw&m;vm;/ (uHw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'DuHudk rdrddonf tm;udk;NyD;vkyfvdkY

&Sd&if bmjzpfrvJ/ csrf;omr,f/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if avmurSm csrf;omwJholawG[m wjcm;vkyfvdkYvm;? 'gevkyfvdkYvm;/

('gevkyfvkdYygbk&m;)/ bk&m; odMum;u rçwmvm;/ 'gew&m;aMumifhvm;/ ('gew&m;aMumifhygbk&m;)/ ,aeU

usef;rm aewmonf 'um? 'umrawG odMum;awG? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmawGu rç vdkYvm;? ukd,fhoDvaMumifhvm;/

(udk,fhoDvaMumifhygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ,aeU vlUb0 vlUavmuBuD;udk a&mufvmwm[m udk,fh'gew&m;aMumifh

ukd,fhoDv w&m;aMumifh a&mufvmonfhtwGuf tJ'D 'ge? oDvw&m;onf wjcm;vm;/ ocFg&w&m;vm;/

(ocFg&w&m;ygbk&m;)/

,aeUolaX; aemufaeUacG;,aeUolaX; aemufaeUacG;,aeUolaX; aemufaeUacG;,aeUolaX; aemufaeUacG;,aeUolaX; aemufaeUacG;

tJ'D ocFg& qdkwJh 'ge? oDv w&m;udkvkyfcJhw,fqdkwJh taMumif; eJUywfoufNyD;awmh t0dZÆmypö,m

(ocFg&m)/ ocFg&ypö,m (0dnmPH)/ at;? tJ'Dvdk vlUb0 vlUavmuBuD;a&mufvmwm 'Dw&m;awGaMumifhyJvdkY

y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk axmufvdkufawmh a,m*DwdkY odvmNyD/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tu,f vkdYom 'ge? oDv rjyKbl;qdk&if

,aeUola|;BuD;jzpfayr,fh aemufaeU bmjzpfrvJ/ (acG;BuD;ygbk&m;)/ acG;BuD;jzpfw,f/ 'Dawmh [dkaeUuajymoGm;wJh

]]awma',s}} wdkYZmwfvrf;/]]awma',s}} qdkwmu ola|;BuD;yg 'um? 'umrawG/ 'Dwpfouf pm;rukefbl;/

q,foufpm;rukefavmufatmif uka#aygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm csrf;omwJh ola|;BuD;/ odkYaomfvnf;yJ olUrSm 'ger&Sdbl;/

113


vSLwm? wef;wm? 'ge&Sd&JUvm;? 'ger&Sdbl;/ h 'ger&SdwJhtcgus awmh 'geJUyJ ae&if; ae&if;eJU ydkufqHawG [kwfvm;/

a&TawG? aiGawG? &wemawGpk? - pk? - pkeJU aoa&m/ 'Dae&mrSm vl[m aowJhtcgrSm avmbeJU aoovm;?

a'goeJUaoovm;? arm[eJUaoovm;qdkwm ajymvdkY r&bl;/ tJ'DrSm OD;aqmifwJUaemufudk avmavmq,f

ygoGm;&wm/ 'Dawmh ]]awma',s}}u ,aeU ola|;BuD;jzpfayr,fh aemufaeU acG;BuD; jzpfw,faygh/ tJ'DvdkacG;BuD;jzpfwJh

"r®oabmonf wjcm;oabmvm;/ t0dZÆmoabmvm;/ (t0dZÆmoabmygbk&m;)/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u qGrf;cH<uvmw,f/

tdrfa&SU a&mufwJhtcgusawmh xGufa[mifw,f/ 'um? 'umrawG/ acG;BuD;u bmjzpfvJ/ (xGufa[mifygw,f)/

'DawmhrS jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; u ]][Jh awma',s? eif[mav vlUb0wkef;uvnf;yJ ighudk &efrlw,f/

ig bk&m;u 'gejyKMu? oDvaqmufwnfMuvdkY wdkufwGef; w,f/ eifu ighudk uefUvefUvkyfw,fwJh/ 'ge rjyKeJU/

'gejyK&if ukefw,f/ ysm;vdk &Sm&r,f/ jcvdkpk&r,f/ "m;aoG;ausmufvdkyJ aoG;ygrsm;&if ukefoGm;vdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dawmh

rvSLeJU}} tJ'D&JU 0efwdkwJhpdwfeJU ,ckaoawmh wjcm;jzpfwmvm;/ acG;jzpfwmvm;? (acG;jzpfwmygbk&m;)/ ]]tck

acG;jzpfwJh b0awmifrS eif 'Dvdkvkyfaeao;&if ao&if i&Jusvdrfhr,f}} vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefUoGm;w,f/

b,folUudk rdefUwmvJ/ (awma',sudkygbk&m;)/ awma',s uaejzpfwJh acG;BuD;udk rdefUoGm;wm/ tJ'DawmhrS

acG;BuD;u aMomf? ightaMumif; &SifBuD; a*gwrçodoGm;ygvm;qdkawmh pdwfnpfoGm;w,f/ acG;pdwfnpfw,f qdkawmh

rdIifNyD/ 'um? 'umrawG wpfcgwnf; rD;zdkxJ oGm;acGwmayghAsm/ t"dyÜg,f/ 'DawmhrS ola|;om;u

jyefvmvnf;vma&m [? acG;BuD; b,fvdk jzpfwmvJ/ cgwdkif;qdk ighxGufBudKvdkY qD;vdkY/ tckawmh acG;rjrifygvm;/

rdIifaeygvm;/ taMumif;awmh&Sdw,f/ [kwfw,f/ reufwkef;u &SifBuD; a*gwru &SifBuD; a*gwrac:rSmaygh/

Ak'bmomrS r[kwfbJ/ &SifBuD;a*gwr <uvmwJhtcgusawmh [Jh awma',svdkYajymoGm;w,fvdkU qdkawmh pOf;pm;Munfh

'um? 'umrawG udk,fhtaz awma',sudk acG;udk awma',s vdkYajymwm cHEdkifygh rvm;/ (rcHEdkifygbl;)/ rcHEdkifbl;/

olwdkYtrsdK;u jA[®P rdsK;awG/ aovdkY&Sd&if jA[®mjzpfw,f/ ckjrwfpGmbk&m;u acG;jzpfw,fqkdawmh cHEkdifyghrvm;/

(rcHEdkifygbl;)/ a'gojzpfoGm;NyD/ wpfcgwnf;rSudk jrwfpGmbk&m;udk rkom0g'geJU pGyfpGJr,faygh/ ausmif;vdkufoGm;w,f/

odNyD bk&m;u uJ ajymprf;/ ola|;om;/ acG;BuD;udk olUtazvkdU ajymwm [kwfovm;/ [kwfw,f/ igajymwm/

bk&m;u tJ'Dvdkajymawmh ola|;om;u rauseyfbl;/ 'Dawmh bk&m;u aumif;NyD/ rif; igajymwm r,Hkbl;vm;

qkdawmh r,Hkbl;wJh/ tJ'Dawmh igajymwJhtwdkif; r,Hk&if? tdrfjyefa&mufwJhtcg usawmh tJ'DacG;BuD;udk aumif;aumif;rGefrGef

qDOD; axmywf oumawGwdkuf? aumif;aumif;rGefrGef tqDtqdrfhawGauR;? auR;NyD;wJhtcgusawmh tJ'DacG;BuD;udk

odyfxm;vdkuf? tdyf&mae&maumif;rSm odyfxm;vdkuf/ tdyfoGm;NyD; aumif;aumif; tdyfarmusoGm;NyDqdk&if rif;oGm;EdI;

ayawmhwJh/ EdI;wJhtcgus&if tomav; jznf;jznf;oufoufomomav; olUudkykwfNyD; awmhEdI;wJh/ acG;BuD;udk;/

'Dtwdkif; [Jh-acG;qdkNyD;awmh ajcaxmufeJU ruef&bl;wJh/ vufuav; eJUykwfNyD;awmh taz - tazvdkYajym&r,fwJh/

a[m? ola|;om; cufNyD/ olUpum;eJUol rdwm/ rvkyfvdkY r&bl;aemf/ ol bk&m;udk pGJcsufwifwmudk; aemf/

tJ'DawmhrS bk&m;trdefU&SdawmfrlwJhtwdkif; acG;BuD;qDoGm;NyD; taz - tazqkdNyD;ajym&wm/ taz jr§Kyfxm;wJha&Ttdk;awG

azmfay;ygqdkawmh acG;BuD;crsm rsuf&nfpufvufeJU oGm;NyD; vufeJU azmfay;&w,f/ 'um? 'umrwdkY oljr§KyfcJhwm

vlUb0wkef;u/ ,ck ola|; jzpfayr,fh aemufaeU bmjzpf/ (acG;BuD;ygbk&m;)/

'ge tm;rudk;? oDv tm;rudk;/ 'gerjyK? oDv raqmufwnfwJh twGuf aoawmh ,aeU ola|;BuD;jzpfayr,fh?

aemufaeUbmjzpfwmvJ/ (acG;BuD;ygbk&m;)/ trav;? odyfaMumufp&maumif;ygw,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'gaMumifh

bkef;BuD;wdkY ,aeU tm;vHk;aom aqGawmf rsdK;awmfawGudk owday;csifwmu [kwfvm;? &Sdwmav;awGvnf;

odyfNyD; rD;cHaowåmxJ aomhtxyfxyfvkyfraeeJU/ apmapmpD;pD; vSLoifhwmvnf;vSL? awmfMum awma',svdkjzpfrSmpdk;vdkY

ajymwmygaemf/ tawmfygyJ/ oDwif;uRwf bkef;BuD; wdkYu "r®m½HkBuD; aqmufrSmeJUqkdawmh tawmfyJ [kwfvm;/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeU ola|;BuD;jzpfayr,fh aemufaeU acG;BuD;jzpfoGm;wm 'um? 'umrwdkY/ 'gudk axmufvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh

rdrdwdkY&JU 'gerI? oDvrI r&Sdbl; qdkvdkY&Sd&if aMumuf p&m raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,f)/

114


b0a&mifjcnfb0a&mifjcnfb0a&mifjcnfb0a&mifjcnfb0a&mifjcnf

tJ'Dawmh? ,aeU rdrdwdkYonf ,ck ypöKyÜefb0 eHygwfESpf tuGufxJ ra&mufbl;vm;/ a[m? ,aeU

bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG b,fae&m a&mufae/ (eHygwfESpftuGufxJa&mufaewmyg bk&m;)/ eHygwfESpftuGuf

xJa&mufaewmu rdk;ay:u uswmvm;? twdwfu taMumif;w&m;vm;/ (twdwfutaMumif;w&m;yg bk&m;)/

twdwftaMumif;w&m; jzpfwJhtcg usawmh 'DrSm b,folawGvJ/ t0dZÆm/ 'DrSm b,folawGU/ ocFg&/ 'Dawmh

t0dZÆmonf yk*¾dKvf ow å0gvm;/ opömrodwmvm;/ (opömrodwmygbk&m;)/ ocFg&qdkwmonfwjcm;vm;?

uHapwemvm;/ (uHapwemygbk&m;)/ uHapwemxJrSm yk*¾dKvfow å0gyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh &if

'DtaMumif;w&m;udk vkyfwJhtwGufaMumifh tck'DrSm 0dÓmPfqdkNyD;awmh cEm 5-yg; r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'D cEm 5-yg;udk a,musfm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0gvdkUrac:&bl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh a,musfm; qdkwmuvnf;

wjcm;vm;? cEm 5-yg;vm;/ (cEm 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ rdef;rqdkwmvnf; wjcm;vm;? cEm 5-yg;vm;/ (cEm 5-

yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'D cEm 5-yg;onf odMum;? jA[®m? ewf? 0dZÆmu zefwD;wmr[kwfbl;/ taMumif;

w&m;aMumifh (tusdK;w&m;ygbk&m;)/ uHtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh uHtusdK;yJ vdkY 'gudk,HkMunf&if bmnmPf&/

(ur®óuwm or®m'd|d ÓmPf &ygw,f bk&m;)/ uHudk r,HkMunf&if bm'd|djzpf/ (ed,wrdpäm'd|dygbk&m;)/ ed,w

rdpäm'd|djzpf&if wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,fusrSmvm;/ (tyg,fusrSmygbk&m;)/

ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf&NyDqdk&if bmyJajymajym udk,fhb0 twGufrSm a&mifjcnfoef;oGm;NyD/ t0dZÆm

wpfzHk;ryGifhbl;vm;/ (yGifhygw,f)/ b,favmufxd t0dZÆmtzHk;yGifhw,fqkd&if taMumif;w&m;ay:rSm ÓmPf &Sif;awmh

bmaMumifhvJqdkwJh igb,fuvmovJ? b,fbHkvJ/ b,fXmeuvJ qdkwmudk pOf;pm;zdkYvdkao;vm;/ (rvdkawmhygbl;bk&m;)/

b,fbHk? b,fXme awGrS pOf;pm;raeeJU/ t0dZÆmypö,m (ocFg&m)/ at;? ocFg&awG jyKvkyfcJhvdkY ocFg&ypö,m

(0dÓmPH)/ 0dÓmPf&vmNyDvd k Y odvd kufawmh rdrdvmwJhae&m taMumif;w&m;udkodoGm;NyD/ (rSefvSyg)/

taMumif;w&m;udkodvdkufNyD qdkuwnf;u wjcm;&Sif;wmvm;? 0dpdudpäm&Sif;wmvm; (0dpdudpäm&Sif;wm yg bk&m;)/

taMumif;aMumifh jzpfaom tusdK;udkMunfhvdkufawmh wjcm;awGU &rSmvm;? cEm5-yg;awGU&rSmvm;? (cEm 5-

yg;awGU&rSmyg bk&m;)/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifa,m*DwdkY em;vnfzdkYvdktyfvmw,f/ wjznf;jznf;

&Sif;r,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh cEm 5-yg;udk odvdkufNyDqdkuwnf;u wjcm;opömvm;? 'ku©opömvm;/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/

'ku©opömyJ? cEm 5-yg;yJ odvdkufawmh wjcm;aowmvm;? ouúm,'d|daowmvm;/ (ouúm,'d|d aowmyg

bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh taMumif;udk ÓmPf&Sif;awmh 0dpdudpämao/ tusdK;cEmeJU opömay:rSm ÓmPf&Sif;awmh ouúm,'d|dao/

tJ'Dawmh taMumif;eJU tusdK;udk ÓmPf &Sif;&if 0dpdudpämeJU 'd|dao/ todeJU &Sif;&if plVaomwmyef/ tyGm;eJU

ty,feJU qufNyD; tm;xkwfvdkufvdkY tNyD;owf y,foGm;NyDqdk&if r[maomwmyefyJ/

tJ'Dawmh aomwmyefjzpfNyDqdk&if 'Db0uRwfwrf; 0ifoGm;NyDaygh/ tyg,fwHcg;ydwf? edAÁmefudkjrifr,f/

edAÁmefudkaorSjrif&rSmvm;/ ,ckjrif& rSmvm;/ (,ckjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ ,ckjrifzdkYtwGufudk tajccHonf bmeJU

bmeJU y,f&rSmvJ/ 0dpdudpämeJU 'd|dy,f&rSmyg/ 0dpdudpämeJU'd|d y,fEdkifzkdUtwGuf eHygwfwpf bmnmPf&&rvJ/

(ur®óuwm or®m'd|d ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/ usefwmawG aemufaeU qufa[mwmayghaemf/ ,aeUawmh 'DavmufeJUyJ

'gav;rSwf vdkufNyD;awmh uJ w&m;yGJodrf;vdkufMu&atmif/



(om"k --- om"k --- om"k)

115








udk,fhtaMumif;udk,fod


þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf &SdNyDyJ/ (6-&uf&SdygNyDbk&m;)/

10-&ufpcef;yGJ 6-&ufqkdawmh wpf0ufusdK;oGm;NyDaygh [kwfvm;/ tJ 5- &ufausmfoGm;vkdU 6-&ufqkd&ifawmh

enf;enf; bkef;BuD;wkdUpdwfxJ awmfawmfayghoGm;NyD/ bmvkdUvJqkdawmh a,m*DopfawGtwGufu 5-

&ufavmuftxdatmif renf;BudK;pm;&wm/ 'Dtvkyfu 'gejyKwmvkd rwlbl;aemf/ 'gejyKwmu a,m*DwdkU vG,fw,f/

oDv aqmufwnfw,f qkdwmvnf; vG,fygw,f/ ,ckvkd wu,fh orx 0dyóemyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfzkdUqkdwmu

vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;bk&m;)/ acR;'D;'D;usatmif vkyf&wJhtvkyfyJ aemf/ wu,fawmh 'Dtvkyfu uHjzwfwJh

tvkyfvdkUvnf; ac:ygw,f/ bkef;BuD;wkdUtm;vkH; 'um? 'umrawG 'Db0rSm yJjzpfjzpf? wpfoHo&mvkH;rSmyJjzpfjzpf

trIrJhtrSwfrJh vTwfceJqkd ajymvkdufwJh yg;pyfuxGufvmwJh 0pDuHawG? trIrJh trSwfrJh rxdef;rodrf;EkdifvkdU

usL;vGefvkdfufwJh um,uHawG? Oyrm qkdMuygpdkU/ rdrdwkdUvuf jcifav; udkufwmukd trSwfwrJh 'DvkdykwfvkdufNyDqkd&if

'g trIrJhtrSwfrJh vkyfvkduf wmaemf/ (rSefygw,fbk&m;)/ 'DvkdvkyfwJhuHawG[m 'keJUa';&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh owdvGwfNyD;awmh

ajymvkdufwJh 0pDuHawG? owdvGwfNyD;awmh usL;vGefcJhwJh um,uHawG trsm;BuD;yJ/ ukd,fhukd,fukd jyefpOf;pm;&if

ukd,fhtaMumif;ukd,f todqkH;yg/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'DuHawG[m 'um? 'umrawG tvum; r[kwfbl;aemf/ tusdK; ay;awmhrSm/ eD;eD;av; &Sdawmhw,f/

tusdK;ay;awmhrSm/ tJ'D raumif;uHawG rsm; pktusdK;ay;&if bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG rpOf;pm;&Jbl;/

uHqkdwmu olUtusdK;ay;csdefrusao;vkdU tomapmifhaewmaemf/ NrHKaewm aygh/ tEko,qkdwm udef;aewmaygh/

tJ'Dawmh ukd,fusL;vGefxm;cJhwJh uHawG[m 'keJUa';&Sdw,f/ tJ'DuHawG tusdK;ay;&if 'um? 'umrawG

oufomyghrvm;/ (roufomygbl; bk&m;)/

'Dawmh tukokdvfuHawGukd jzwfEkdifwJhtvkyfu 'DtvkyfyJ &Sdw,f/ 0dyóemtvkyf yJ&Sdw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh tcsdKUuHawGusawmh 'um? 'umrawG bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; awmifrS aemufqkH; 'DcEmeJUqyfoGm;

&wmyJ/ bk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHw,fvkdU r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ okH;avmu xGwfxm; bkef;awmfteEÅ? uHawmf

teEÅ? ÓmPfawmfteEÅ? wefckd;awmf teEÅeJU jynfhpkHonfh jrwfpGmbk&m; awmifrS wpfcgwnf; 'DcEm&SdwJhtwGuf

0rf;awmfvm;NyD;awmh 'um? 'umr awG aemufqkH; 0#fa<u;qyfoGm;&wmyJ/ tJ'D 0rf;awmfvm;wmu oljyKcJh

wJhtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh jzpfay:cJhwJh tusdK;w&m;/ taMumif;aMumifh (tusdK;w&m;jzpfygw,f)/ tJ'Dvkd bkef;BuD;wkdU

usL;vGefvmcJhwJh taMumif; w&m;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/

ausmufjym;w&m;rjzpfapeJU

tJ'Dawmh omreftaMumif;w&m;awGukd qkdvkdU&Sd&if bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrrsm; 'DvkdacR;xGufcHNyD;awmhrS

wpfcgwnf; &if;NyD;awmh tm;xkwf rSomvQif 'DuHawG aysmufr,fvkdU qkH;jzwfcsufcsyg/ (rSefvSyg)/ bmvkdUvJ

qkdawmh 0dyóemonf ÓmPftvkyfrSefaomfvnf;yJ bkef;BuD;wdkUtm;vkH;[m tm;rxkwfvkdUr&bl;/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/

[kd - Am[d&'g½kpd&d,vkd 'da| 'd|rw åH? okaw okwrwåH qkdwmvkd csufcsif;&[EÅm jzpfoGm;wmukd oGm; tm;usaevkdU

jzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/ olu olU[meJUol? olUyg&rDeJUol? olUtm;eJYol &[EÅmjzpfoGm;ayr,fh ukd,fu

'DvkdjzpfEkdifwm r[kwfbl;/ tckawmifrS 'Dw&m;awGukd xyfwvJvJ tckem? tckaysmufwmyJ/

116


'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wkdU oifwef;q&mrsm;u qkH;rw,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkUu tjrJwrf; 'DtqkH;tr emcH&w,f/

'Doifwef;awGukd avhvm vkdufpm;wJh tcgusawmh udk,fawmfwkdU ausmufjym;w&m;awmh remeJUwJh/ bmvJ

ausmufjym;w&m; pOf;pm;aewm/ pmxJrSmvnf; ausmufjym;w&m; rawGUzl;ygbl;/ 'gew&m; &Sdw,f? oDv w&m;&Sdw,f/

orx 0dyóem w&m;&Sdw,f pojzifh olU[meJUol qkdif&mqkdif&m &Sdw,f/ ausmufjym;w&m; wpfcgrS rawGUzl;ygbl;/

b,f[kwfrvJ? q&mu rSwfrdatmif ajymwm/ ausmufjym;qkdwm Mum; - Mum;NyD; aysmuf oGm;vkdU/ Mum;vkduf

aysmufvkduf? Mum;vkduf aysmufvkdufeJUqkdawmh bmw&m; jzpfoGm;ovJ/ (ausmufjym;w&m; jzpfoGm;wmygbk&m;)/

aMomf - ukd,fhrdawG zawG aqGawG rsdK;awG owday;wmaemf/ tif; ausmufjym;w&m;awmhremeJU/ okdUaomfvnf;

ausmufjym;w&m; remaomfvnf; wpfBudrfxJeJUawmh rrSwfrdbl;/ wpfoufeJUwpfukd,f? wpfoHo&meJUwpfem;?

'Dw&m;awGqkdwmuvnf; wu,fawmh udk,fhcEm xJutaMumif; ajymwmyJ/ tjyifpum;vkH;wpfvkH;rS rygbl;/

ukd,fhcEmxJu taMumif;ajymaomfvnf;yJ wpfoufvkH;u r&if;ESD;wJhtwGufaMumifhrkdUvkdU tifrwef pdrf;vGef;wm

'um? 'umrawG wpfcPcsif;eJU rrSwfEkdifbl;ayghaemf/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU aus;Zl;&Sif rkd;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

tBudrfBudrftcgcg txyfxyf 'Dvkd 'um? 'umrawG a[mawmfrlcJhygw,f/ [kwfvm;/ at;? tJ'Dawmh

t"du&nf&G,fcsufu wjcm;&zkdUvm;? edAÁmef&zkdUvm;/ (edAÁmef &zkdUyg bk&m;)/ edAÁmefukd 'um? 'umrawG vkdcsifwmvm;?

rvkdcsif bl;vm;/ (vkdcsifygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'gu Ak'¨bmom0ifawG jzpfwJhtwGuf aMumifh 'DpumvkH;ukd

wkduf½kdufajymvkdufwm/ EkdUrkdU edAÁmefqkdwJhpum;ukd bkef;BuD;wkdUu ajymp&mrvkdbl;/ edAÁmefqkdwJhpum;ukd aemufqkH;rS

ajym&rSm/ tck Ak'bmom0ifawGjzpfvmwJhtwGuf tjrJwrf; qkawmif;aewJhtxJrSm edAÁmefygvmawmh edAÁmefukd

OD;pm;ay;NyD; ajymvkdufwmayghaemf/

tJ'Dawmh? edAÁmefukd vkdcsif&if 'um? 'umrawG tdk? em? ao vGwfatmifvkyfygwJh/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;vnf;

a[moGm;w,f/ bmvGwf atmif vkyf&rvJ/ (tkd? em? ao vGwfatmif vkyf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ edAÁmefukd vkdcsif&if

tkd? em? ao vGwfatmif vkyf&rSm/ 'Dvkdjzifh tkd? em? ao vGwfzkdUqkdwm 'Dwkdif; tkd? em? ao vGwfvkdU&yghrvm;/

(r&ygbl;bk&m;) bmjzpfvkdU tkd? em? ao jzpfwmvJqkdawmh tajccHu avmb? a'go? arm[ aMumifhyg/

vkd&if;tcsufu 'gyJ/ tkd? em? ao vGwfcsif&if avmb? a'go? arm[awG Nidrf;atmifvkyfyg/ tkd? em? ao

vGwfcsif&if bmNidrf;atmifvkyf/ (avmb? a'go? arm[ Nidrf;atmif vkyf&rSmygbk&m;)/ a u m i f ; N y D /

'Dvkdjzifh&if avmb? a'go? arm[u bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG Nidrf;NyDvm;/ (rNidrf;ao;ygbl;bk&m;)/ rNidrf;bl;/

wpfaeU wpfaeU wpfaeU wpfaeU rNidrf;wJhtjyif ykdvkdUawmif awmufawmuf aevkdUaemf/ rdrdtwGuf? olwpfyg;twGuf?

pD;yGm;a&; twGuf? om;a&; orD;a&;twGuf? tkd - avmuBuD;rSm ½IyfyGNyD;awmhukd aeUwkdif; aeUwkdif; rD;awGrawmuf

bl;vm;/ (awmufygw,fbk&m;)/

avmbqkdwmrD;yJ/ a'goqkdwmvnf; (rD;ygyJ)/ arm[qkdwmvnf; (rD;ygyJ)/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dw&m;om tm;rxkwf&if

tcsdef&Sdoa&GU bmjzpfaewm vJ/ (rD;awmufaeygw,fbk7m;)/ rD;awmufaewm/ tJ'DrD;u 'um? 'umrawG

odyfaMumufp&maumif;w,f/ tjyifurD;u a&eJUavmif;vkdU a&eJUzsef;vkdU Nidrf;w,f/ &ifxJuawmufwJhrD;u

bmeJUNid§rf;MurvJ/ tjyif avmurSmvkd Ni§drf;p&mr&Sdbl;/ tJ'D Ni§drf;p&mtvkyfu r*¾ifyJ &Sdygw,f a,m*DwkdU/

&ifxJawmufwJ hr D ;u bmeJ U Ni § dr f ;&rvJ/ (r*¾i fe J U Ni § d fr f ; &rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumif h bke f; BuD;wk d U

v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;uvnf;yJ &ifxJrSm awmufwJhtJ'DrD;u tifrwefylw,fwJhaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tifrwefylw,f/ b,favmufylovJqkdawmh urÇmukdjymusoGm;Ek difwJhrD;xufylw,fwJhaemf/ 'gaMumifh

q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;u bmrdefUxm; ovJqkdawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU oGm;owd&w,f/

urÇmrD;xuf ylcsufjyif;xefurÇmrD;xuf ylcsufjyif;xef

urÇmrD;xuf ylcsufjyif;xefurÇmrD;xuf ylcsufjyif;xef

urÇmrD;xuf ylcsufjyif;xef

b,frD;awGvJ ÓmPfeJUa0zefb,frD;awGvJ ÓmPfeJUa0zef

b,frD;awGvJ ÓmPfeJUa0zefb,frD;awGvJ ÓmPfeJUa0zef

b,frD;awGvJ ÓmPfeJUa0zef

117


udavomrD; xdef;nD;a0vQHudavomrD; xdef;nD;a0vQH

udavomrD; xdef;nD;a0vQHudavomrD; xdef;nD;a0vQH

udavomrD; xdef;nD;a0vQH

b0wkdif; rqkdif; avmifaejyef/b0wkdif; rqkdif; avmifaejyef/

b0wkdif; rqkdif; avmifaejyef/b0wkdif; rqkdif; avmifaejyef/

b0wkdif; rqkdif; avmifaejyef/

qkdawmh 'Db0wifr[kwfbl;/ wpfoHo&mvkH;u avmifvmwJhrD;/ wjcm;rD; vm;? udavomrD;vm;/ (udavomrD;yg

bk&m;)/ avmbawG? a'goawG? arm[awG? rmeawG? 'd|dawGaemf/ aMomf - urÇmrD;xufykdNyD;awmh jyif;wJhrD;u

bmrD;vJ/ (udavomrD;yg bk&m;)/ okdYjzifh udavomrD;qkdwm ckeajymcJhwJh avmbawG? a'goawG? arm[awG?

rmeawG? 'd|dawG/

uJ - 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG tck em;u w&m;em? ÓmPfu cEmvSnhf vkdufwJh tcgusawmh

tJ'DrD;onf ukd,fhukd,fukd tavmifcH&wmvm;? tavmifrcH &wmvm;/ (tavmifcH&wmyg bk&m;)/ rD;avmifcH&vkdU

,ckb0rSmvnf; ylw,f? aoawmhvnf;yJ tyg,fusOD;r,f qkdawmh 2-cg emw,f/ b,fESpfcgem/ (2-cgemygw,f)/

tJ'Dvkd 2-cgemwmu bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh w&m;remvkdU? w&m;tm;rxkwfvkdU/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

wjcm;w&m;em&rSmvm;/ opömw&m;em&rSmvm;/ (opömw&m;em &rSmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if opömw&m;emNyD;&if opömw&m;tvkyfukd 'um? 'umrawG cEmÓmPfa&muf? tm;xkwf&r,faemf/

(rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dvkd tm;xkwfr,fqkdcJh&if tckeajymcJhwJh avmb? a'go? arm[awG rNidrf;Ekdif bl;vm;/ (Nidrf;Ekdifygw,f)/

at;-'Dawmh avmb? a'go? arm[qkdwJh rD;awGNidrf;atmif 'd|d? 0DpdudpämqdkdwJh udavomukd t&ifjzKwf/ avmb?

a'go? arm[awGukd 'um? 'umrawG Nidrf;csif&if? owfcsif&if bmukd t&ifjzKwf/ ('d|d? 0dpdudpämukd

t&ifjzKwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ at; - 'd|d? 0dpdudpämukd jzKwfvkdU&Sd&if tcke avmb? a'go? arm[awGNidrf;r,f/

avmb? a'go? arm[awGNidrf;vkdU&Sd&if tkd? em? aovGwfr,f/ tkd? em? ao vGwfwmonf wjcm;vm;/ edAÁmefvm;/

(edAÁmefygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 'Dw&m; tpOfav;ukd tjyeftvSefMunhfr,fqkd&if a,m*DwkdU ,aeUqkawmif; aewJh

edAÁmefukd vkdcsif&if bmvGwfatmifvkyf/ (tkd? em? ao vGwfatmif vkyf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tkd? em? aovGwfcsif&if

bmukdNidrf;atmifvkyfrvJ/ (avmb? a'go? arm[)/ tcsKyfuawmh 'gygyJ/ 'Dacgif;pOfyJaygh/

tJ'Dawmh - avmb? a'go? arm[awG Nidrf;csif&if bmukdjzKwf r,f/ ('d|d? 0dpdudpämyg bk&m;)/ tck

a,m*DwkdU vkyf&r,fhtvkyf? jzKwf &r,fh tvkyfonf bmeJU bmeJUvJ/ ('d|deJU0dpdudpämyg bk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f

oifaewmvnf; bmjzKwfzkdUvJ/ ('d|deJU 0dpdudpämjzKwfzkdUyg bk&m;)/ 'd|ddeJU 0dpdudpämukdjzKwfvkdufvkdfU jyKwfoGm;NyDqkd&if

NyD;ygNyD udpö/ vljzpfusdK;eyfoGm; NyD/ vlUb0rSm vljzpfusdK;reyfbl;vm;/ (eyfygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh 'd|d? 0dpdudpäm

jzKwfzkdUqkdwm ukd,fhbmomukd,fjzKwfvkdU &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;/ a[m - 'DawmhrS q&mawmfBuD;u

-

olawmfqnf;uyf jrwfw&m;em?olawmfqnf;uyf jrwfw&m;em?

olawmfqnf;uyf jrwfw&m;em?olawmfqnf;uyf jrwfw&m;em?

olawmfqnf;uyf jrwfw&m;em?

avsmfpGmtusifh r*fzk dvfcGif h &vifh{uefom/avsmfpGmtusifh r*fzk dvfcGif h &vifh{uefom/

avsmfpGmtusifh r*fzk dvfcGif h &vifh{uefom/avsmfpGmtusifh r*fzk dvfcGif h &vifh{uefom/

avsmfpGmtusifh r*fzk dvfcGif h &vifh{uefom/

aocsmayguf w&m;&oGm;NyD/ 'Dt*Fgav;csufeJUtnD olawmfqnf; uyfqkdawmh ]]oyÜK&do oHao0}} aygh/

olawmfaumif;ukd qnf;uyf&r,f/ ]]o'r®ó0e=opömw&m;udkem&r,f/ a,medaomreodum&= ESvkH;oGif;rSef

&r,f/ "r®mEk"r®y#dyw å d = w&m;vrf;pOftwkdif;usifh&r,f/ 'd|d jzKwfwJhw&m; awGudkyGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&r,f/

tJ'Dav;csuf&&if 'Db0uRwfwef;0ifNyDvkdU qkH;jzwfcsufcsyg/ 'gukd aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JUaqmifyk'frSm

]]olawmfqnf;uyf? jrwfw&m;em? avsmfpGmtusifh? r*fzkdvfcGifh? &vifh{uef om}}? b,fESpfcsufvJ/ (4-csufyg

bk&m;)/

118


ESvH k;oGif;rSefz d k UE SvH k;oGif;rSefz d k UE SvH k;oGif;rSefz d k UE SvH k;oGif;rSefz d k UE SvH k;oGif;rSefz d k U

tJawmh - eHygwfwpf olawmfqnf;uyfu rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; ta&;BuD;w,f/ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;

ta&;BuD;w,fqkdawmh ]]oyÜK&do oHao0}} rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;qkdwm trSDaumif; ta&;BuD;wmaygh/ 'Dawmh

trSDaumif;ukd 'um? 'umrawG wpfcsufuav;rSDvkduf&if tBuH aumif;awmhwpfcsufqkdwJh pum;r&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'DtrSD aumif;av;ukd rDSvkdfuf&if 'um? 'umrawG t½kPfwufNyDvkdU qkH;jzwfcsufcs/

tJ'Dawmh trSDaumif;qkdwm jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU omoemrSmbk&m;qkdwm bkef;BuD;wkdU'um? 'umrawG

trSDaumif;aygh/ okdUaomf ,aeU bk&m;r&Sd awmhvnf; bk&m;\ukd,fpm;vS,fvkyfNyD;awmh a[mMum;oGm;wJh aus;Zl;&Sif

rkd;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; tp&Sdaom q&mawmf? oHCmawmfawGeJU 'um? 'umrawG rawGU&bl;vm;/ (awGU&ygw,f

bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh 'Dt*Fg&yfwpfck nDoGm;NyD/ (rSefvSyg)/

' kw d, t* F g&y fuawm h ] ]o' ¨r ®ó0e H } } q k dawm h o lawm faumi f ; w k d U& J Uw&m; (0 g )

opömw&m;eJUavsmfnDwJhw&m;ukd 'um? 'umrawG emMu& r,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ eHygwfESpft*Fgu bmw&m;em&r,f/

(opömeJUavsmfnDwJh w&m;em&rSmyg bk&m;)/

eHygwfokH;u ]]a,medaom reodum&}}/ b,fvkd ESvkH;oGif;qkdwm bkef;BuD;wkdU wjznf;jznf; oifoGm;rSmyg/

&Sif;NyDaemf/ b,fvkdESvkH;oGif;&rvJ qkdawmh rsufpdujrif&if b,fvkd ESvkH;oGif;? em;uMum;&if b,fvkdESvkH;oGif;?

ESmacgif;uarT;&if eH&if b,fvkdESvkH;oGif;? pm;wJhtcg b,fvdkESvkH;oGif;? 0wfwJhtcg b,fvkd ESvkH;oGif;? aewJhxkdifwJhtcg

b,fvkdESvkH;oGif;? [m udk,fhtdrfrSm rdom;pkeJUqufqH&if b,fvkdESvkH;oGif;? aeUpOf vlwpfa,muf&JU wpfaeUwmav;

vIyf&Sm;EkdifzkdU ESvkH;oGif;rSefzkdUukd 'Doifwef;uae roifvkdU &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd oifvkdufwJhtcgusawmh

a[m a,m*Dwpfa,muf[m tdrfae&ifvnf;yJ ESvkH;oGif;wwfoGm;a&m/ tJ'D yk*¾dKvfu tdrfae&if;eJU ESvkH;oGif;NyDqkdawmh

&ifxJrSm ESvkH;tdrfxJrSm tjcm; udef;aewmvm;? w&m;udef;aewmvm;/ (w&m;udef;aewmyg bk&m;)/

tJ - 'Dyk*¾dKvf wpfaeUwm touf&Sifaewm wefzkd;&Sdvkdufwm/ w&m;udef;NyD;awmh touf&SifaevkdU/

tJ'Dvkd w&m;udef;NyD;om touf r&Sif&if wjcm;r&Sdbl;/ rw&m;yJudef;w,f/ ykxkZOfvlwpfa,mufrSm w&m;eJU

rw&m;wm 2-rsdK;yJ&Sdw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ tckeu ESvkH;tdrfonf ESpfpdwf&Sd &JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ w&m;pdwfudef;&if

rw&m;pdwfrudef;bl;/ rw&m;pdwf udef;&if w&m;pdwfrudef;bl;/ 'gaMumifhrkdU w&m;pdwfawG udef;aeEkdifzkdUu

tjrJwrf; ESvkH;oGif;rSefzkdU ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ESvkH;oGif;rSefw,fqkdwm tvum;ae&if;

ESvkH;oGif;rSefvdkU&yghrvm;/ (r&yg bl;)/ 'Dawmh a,m*Drsm; txl;*½kjyKyg/ ,aeU 6-&uf&SdNyD/ ttm;rae ygeJU/

rdrdwkdUbmvkyfaevJ/ [m - wynfhawmfwkdUtm;aew,fbk&m;? tvkyf r&Sdbl;qkd&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfoGm;NyDvkdU qkH;jzwfcsufcs/

trav; - tm;aevkdU ysif;awmifaew,fqkdwm/ uJ - ysif;aew,fqkdwJh yk*¾dKvfonf oltvkyf r&SdvkdU ysif;wm/

bmr&SdvkdU/ (tvkyfr&SdvkdUyg bk&m;)/ tvkyfr&Sdbl;qkdawmh oltm;aewmaygh/ tm;aew,f? tvum;aew,f qkdawmh

a[m - 'Dyk*¾dKvf rw&m;touf&Snfaewm/ bm touf&SnfaewmvJ/ (rw&m; touf&Snfaewm)/ tJ'g

bkef;BuD;wkdU q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u qkH;rxm; w,faemf/

ttm;aejcif;? tvum;aejcif;onf rw&m;aejcif;ttm;aejcif;? tvum;aejcif;onf rw&m;aejcif;

ttm;aejcif;? tvum;aejcif;onf rw&m;aejcif;ttm;aejcif;? tvum;aejcif;onf rw&m;aejcif;

ttm;aejcif;? tvum;aejcif;onf rw&m;aejcif;

jzpfonf/jzpfonf/

jzpfonf/jzpfonf/

jzpfonf/

uJ? tJ'gu a,m*DwkdU? ukd,fhtwGuf tjrJwrf; wkdif;wmEkdifp&m aywHav;aygh/ tif;? ig'DaeUtm;aevm;/

tm;ae&ifawmh oGm;NyD/ ig bmrSrvkyfbl;qkd&ifawmh oGm;NyD/ okdUaomf bmrSrvkyfbl;qkdwm wynfhawmf wkdUu

pD;yGm;&Skmaewm/ pD;yGm;&Sm&ifawmh ykdoGm;OD;rSmaygh/ bmvkdUvJ qkdawmh olu avmb&Sdwmukd;/ tcefYroifhawmh

a'gojzpfr,f/ cke ESvkH; roGif; jzpfawmh arm[jzpfw,f/ tJ'guawmh ar;aep&mrvkdbl;/ ukd,hfvrf; ukd,f,ufqif;yJ

aemf/ tJ'Dawmh ½kd;½kd;aewmawmifrSyJ? ttm;aevkduf&if udavom 0ifygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dawmh udavom0if&if

ukd,hfb0onfvnf; rw&m;jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/

119


tJ'Dawmh rw&m;wkdU\ oGm;&mvrf;aMumif;onf txufvm;? atmufvm;/ (atmufygbk&m;)/ at;?

tJ'Dawmh ukd,fukd,fukd 'Dw&m;av; ESvkH;oGif;? 'DtqkH;tr av;eJUjyefNyD; aeYpOfowdxm;? ESvkH;oGif;Munfh&if

[m-ig rw&m;jzpfaeNyD/ rjzpfbl;/ tJ'Dawmh rw&m;rjzpfatmif w&m;aom enf;jzifh w&m;aomtouf&Sifjcif;

jzpfaeatmif a,medaomre odum& = ESvkH;oGif;rSefzkdU ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D ESvkH;oGif;rSef

Ekdifatmiftck a,m*DwkdUukd aus;Zl;jyK&rSmu 'd|d? 0dpdudpämukdowfwJhenf;ukd aus;Zl;jyK&rSm/ bmukdowfwJhenf;vJ/

('d|d 0dpdudpämukdowfwJhenf;ygbk&m;)/

tpGef;ra&mufygapeJUtpGef;ra&mufygapeJUtpGef;ra&mufygapeJUtpGef;ra&mufygapeJUtpGef;ra&mufygapeJU

'd|d? 0dpdudpämukd owfwJhenf; qkdawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm tvG,fusufrSwf? odaptyfonf

qkdawmh a,m*DwdkU tckoif&awmh r,faemf/ 'Dawmh tvG,fusufrSwfukd oifEkdifzkdUtwGufukd b,fESrsdK;

acgif;pOfwyfxm;vJ/ (7-rsdK;yg bk&m;)/ 7-rsdK; wyfxm;w,f/ bmawG vJ/ (cEm? tm,we? "mwf? opöm?

y#dpöorkyÜg'f? t½IcH? t½IÓmPf)/ 'Dvkdjzifh cE¨mukd bkef;BuD;wkdU aeUwkdif;oifaewmaygh/ cE¨mukdoifvkdufawmh

½kyfukdod&r,f/ emrfukdod&r,f/ cE¨mqkdwm wjcm;vm;? taygif;tpkvm;/ (taygif;tpkygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

cEmu pkpkaygif; b,fESpfyg;&SdvJ/ (5-yg; ygbk&m;)/ okdUjzifh&if cEmtaMumif; ajym&if bkef;BuD;wkdUwpfuGuf

usefoGm;vkdU r&bl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ ynwf? y&rwfuav;ukd enf;enf;&Sif;OD; rS&r,f? [kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh cEmvdkU

ajymvkdufwJhtcgusawmh cEmqkdwm y&rwfoabm/ cEmqkdwm bmwJhvJ/ (y&rwfoabmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if cEmukdjrif&if yk*¾dKvf? owå0g aysmuf&r,faemf/ (rSef vSyg)/ cEmukdjrif&if a,mufsm;aysmuf&r,f/

rdef;raysmuf&r,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh &if yk*¾dKvf ow å0g a,musfm; rdef;r/ yk*¾dKvf ow å0g aysmuf&r,fqkdawmh

tm;vkH;qufqHaewmu a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf ow å0gtaeeJUom qufqHaewm/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'gu wjcm;vm;?

orkwdopömvm;/ (orkwd opömyg bk&m;)/ okdYjzifh&if orkwdopöm&,f? y&rw¬opöm&,f 'DESpfe,fukd em;vnfyg/

(rSefvSyg)/ bkef;BuD;wkdU 0dyóemqkdwm[m a,m*DwkdU tm;xkwfwm rcufcJbl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

0dyóemqkdwm tusifhrcuf? todcuf\/0dyóemqkdwm tusifhrcuf? todcuf\/

0dyóemqkdwm tusifhrcuf? todcuf\/0dyóemqkdwm tusifhrcuf? todcuf\/

0dyóemqkdwm tusifhrcuf? todcuf\/

tJ'Dawmh 0dyóemusifhwmu xrif;pm;&if;vnf; usifhvkdU&w,f av/ 0wf&if;vnf; usifhvkdUr&bl;vm;/

rsufawmifcwfwmawmif 0dyóem usifhvkdU &w,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ qkdvkdwmu tusihfrcufbl;vkdU ajymwm/

tJ'Dtqifhxda&mufatmif a,m*DwkdU tajccHawG oifvkduf&wm tck enf;enf;aemaem r[kwfbl;/ 10-&ufeJU

rNyD;avmufbl;aygh/ 0dyóem qkdwm cke rsufawmifuav; wpfcsufcwfaewm 0dyóem½IvkdU&ygw,f qkdwJhpum;vkH;

bkef;BuD;okH;xm;w,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dpum;vkH;txd a&muf EkdifzkdUtwGufukd tqifhqifhem;vnfatmifajym&OD;r,f/

oif&r,faygh/ tJ'D awmh tJ'Dvkd tJ'Dvkd tqifhqifhem;vnfatmif oifzkdUtwGufu a[m ynwf? y&rwfqkdwmvnf;

od&r,f/ ½kyf? emrfcE¨mqkdwmvnf; od&r,f/ tm,weqkdwmvnf; od&r,f/ "mwfqkdwmvnf; od&r,f/

t½IcHqkd wmvnf; od&r,f/ t½IÓmPfqkdwmvnf; od&r,f/

tJ'Dawmh? tJ'Dvkd tajccHw&m;awGodNyD;NyDqkdawmhrS aoaocsm csm taMumif;tusdK;awG em;vnfNyDvnf;qkda&m

½IvkdufwJhtcgusawmh 0dyóemÓmPf wkduf½kduf&oGm;w,f/ tJ'DÓmPfonf tm;BuD;aom 0dyóem ÓmPfjzpfwJhtwGuf

7-&uftwGif; (0g) 7-vtwGif; reuftm;xkwf&if nae&EkdifwJhtwkdif;twm r&Sdbl;vm;/ 'gaMumifh

0dyóemqkdwJhpum;vkH; av; a&mufEkdifzkdUtwGufukd a[m tcka,m*DwdkU ynwf? y&rwfqdkwm vnf; rodvkdU

rjzpfjyefbl;/ bmjzpfvkdUvJqkdawmh tck wjcm;a[maewm vm;? cEma[maewmvm;/ (cEma[maewmygbk&m;)/

tJ'D cEmonf b,fESpfyg;&Sd/ (5-yg; &Sdygw,f)/ 'D cEm 5-yg;u tckbkef;BuD;wkdU w&m;a[m aewJh cEm 5-

yg;onf; wjcm; cEm 5-yg;vm;? 0dygu0#fcEm 5-yg; vm;/ (0dygu0#fcEm 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh 0dygu0#fcEm

120


5-yg; qkdawmh tJ'D cEm 5-yg;[m a,mufsm;? rdef;r? &[ef;? oHCm ponfjzifh taz? tar rajymbl;vm;/

(ajymygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh y&rwfoabm jzifhMunhfawmh cEm 5-yg; jrifw,f/ ynwfoabmjzifhMunhfawmh

yk*¾dKvf owå0g jrif&r,f/ cEm 5-yg; jrif&r,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh rsufvkH;ESpfvkH;wyf? ynwfrsufvkH;uwpfvkH;/ y&rwfrsufvkH;u

wpfvkH;/ wpfpGef;wnf; r&bl;aemf/

tJ'Dvkd ESpfvkH;wyfawmhrS tJ'D tv,faumifuae ukd,fuMunfh& rSmvm;? wpfzufowfMunfhvkdU&yghrvm;/

(r&ygbl; bk&m;)/ ynwftpGef; uaeMunhfvkdYr&bl;/ y&rwftpGef;uaevnf;MunhfvdkUr&bl;/ tv,faumif

uae bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*DwkdY Munfh&r,f/ ynwfqdkwJhvuf0JpGef;? y&rwfqkd wJhvuf,mpGef; [kwfvm;/ tJ'D

tpGef; 2-zufukd vTwfNyD;awmhrS avQmuf oGm;vkdU&wm/ tv,faumifuae avQmufw,fqkdwm wjcm; ajymwm

r[kwfbl;/ ynwfvnf;em;vnf&r,f/ y&rwfvnf; em;vnf&r,f/ 'Dawmh ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus?

y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmefr& wJh/ a[m - pum;u/ uJ - 'gav; rSwfxm;ygOD;aemf/ vkdufqkd/

ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus?ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus?

ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus?ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus?

ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus?

y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmef r&/y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmef r&/

y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmef r&/y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmef r&/

y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmef r&/

ynwf y&rwfynwf y&rwf

ynwf y&rwfynwf y&rwf

ynwf y&rwf

ESpfckpyf?ESpfckpyf?

ESpfckpyf?ESpfckpyf?

ESpfckpyf?

odwwfolrS jrwf/odwwfolrS jrwf/


odwwfolrS jrwf/

tJ'Dawmh ynwfeJUy&rwfukd ESpfckem;vnf&r,f/ ynwfqkdwm bmac:w,f/ y&rwfqkdwm bmac:w,f

odzkdU ta&;BuD;jyefw,f/ 0dyóem½Iwmu vG,fw,faemf/ 0dyóem½IzkdU tajccHawG em;vnfatmif oifzkdUu

renf;oif&wm/ 'g omoemwGif; a&mufwJholwkdif; bkef;BuD;wkdU vG,fvG,fulul odcGifh&wmaygh aemf/ 'Dawmh

ynwftaMumif;awGvnf; ajymp&mqkd trsm;BuD; ajymjim;aomfvnf; a,m*DwkdU&JU wpfykdifwpfEkdifaygh/

0dyóemtvkyfav;ukd tm;xkwfEkdifatmif av;ukd a&G;cs,fNyD;awmh cke yd#uwfokH;ykH tqDxkwfovkdaygh? [kwfvm;/

ynwfawG trsm;BuD; &Sdaomfvnf;yJ ukd,feJUtyfpyfwJhynwfuawmh bkef;BuD;wkdUa&G;cs,fNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyK&rSm

&SpfrsdK;avmufyJygw,f/ trsm;BuD;oifae&ifvJ ukd,hfrSm tcsdefr&bl;aygh/ tcsdefr&wJhtcgusawmh tm;xkwfEkdifzkdUtwGuf

taxmuf tyHhukd rod&ifrjzpfwJh ynwfu b,fESrsdK;/ (&SpfrsdK;ygbk&m;)/ &SpfrsdK;uawmh tMurf;zsif;ajym &&if?

Oyrm? emrynwfaygh/

eHygwfwpf emr ynwf?

eHygwfESpf oEåwd ynwf?

eHygwfokH; orl[ ynwf?

eHygwfav; oP²me ynwf?

eHygwfig; yk*¾v ynwf?

eHygwfajcmuf owå ynwf?

eHygwfckESpf twå ynwf?

eHygwf&Spf Ce ynwf?

b,fESrsdK;vJ/ (&SpfrsdK;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D&SpfrsdK;u pmqkdwmuawmh tvGwf usufxm;&rSm/ (rSefvSyg)/ okdUaomf pmawG

igwkdUr&vkdU edAÁmefr&awmhbl;vkdU 'DvkdrwGufeJU/ tJ'Dpmukd r&GwfEkdfifaomfvnf;yJ? oabmw&m;udkESvkH;tdrf udef;bkdU

odyfta&;BuD;w,f/ ]]oabm[kwfrS avmukwf}}/ uJ? 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ oabmoGm;Munfhawmh emrynwf

qkdwmu emrnfajymwm/ bmwJhvJ/ (emrnfygbk&m;)/ emrnfonf ynwfjzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh 0dyóem½IvkdU

r&bl;/ 0dyóemqkdwm wjcm; ½I&rSmvm;? y&rwf½I&rSmvm;/ (y&rwf½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh y&rwf½I&r,fvkdYom

tMurf;zsif;av; rSwfxm;vkdufawmh/ NyD;awmhrS y&rwfykdif; &Sif;r,f/

(1) tJ'Dawmh emrnfqkdawmh tckbkef;BuD;wkdU &[ef;qkd&if &[ef;bGJU &[ef;emrnfaygh? oDv&Sifvnf;

121


oDv&SifbGJU oDv&Sif emrnf/ 'umvnf; 'umemrnf/ 'umrvnf; 'umremrnf r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f

bk&m;)/ tJ'Demrnfqkdwmuawmh tajymif;tvJ&SdwmyJ/ tajymif;tvJ&Sdwmukd 0dyóem ½IvkdU&yghrvm;/

(r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ r&bl;/ okdUaomf emrnfqkdwmu rac:vkdUrjzpfbl;/ orkwde,fy,frSm wpfOD;eJUwpfOD; qufqHwmu

emrnfac: qufqHrSmaygh/ OD;jzLqkd OD;jzL aygh/ a':eDqkd a':eDaygh - pojzifh 'Dvkdrac:& bl;vm;/ (ac:&ygw,f

bk&m;)/ tJ'DvkdrsdK; olUemrnfav;awGeJUol ac:ac:NyD; bkef;BuD;wkdU qufqH&wm/ 'g - ynwf/

y&rwftaeeJUusawmh qufqHvkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl; )/ 'Dvkdjzifh OD;jzLqkdwJh 'umBuD;rSmvnf; wjcm;&Sdwmvm;?

cEm 5-yg;vm;/ (cEm 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh cEm 5-yg;onf a,mufsm;rSm&Sdw,f/ rdef;rrSmvnf; &Sdw,f/

tJ'Dawmh cEm 5-yg;vkdY ac:vkduf&if 'um? 'umr awG tukefvkH;eJUywfoufw,f/ ckeu emrnfukd a&G;ac:wJhtcgrSm

olU emrnfeJUywfoufwJhol 'g olUac:wmyJvkdU rod&bl;vm;/ (od&ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh emrynwfqkdwmu

0dyóem½IvkdU r&bl;/ 'g - odxm;&r,fh wpfcsuf/ A[kokwaemf/ EkdfUrkdUqkd&if 0dyóemukd a&maumaomaum½IrSm

pkd;vkdU cGJay;aewm/

(2) oEÅwdynwfqkdwmuawmh tpOftqufajymwmaygh/ oEåwdqkdwm qufaewmaemf/ oEÅwd

qufwmav;ukdawmh a,m*DwdkU em;vnfzkdU vkdygw,f/ Oyrm? twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wf/ raeUu&,f/ 'DaeU&,f?

reufjzef&,f qkdNyD; twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wf r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh Oyrm ajymMuygpkdU/

jrpfxJrSma&awGukd oGm;Munhf&if &efukefjrpfu a&r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ vGefcJhwJh q,fESpff avmufuvnf;

a&r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ NyD;cJhwJhvuvnf; oGm;Munhf r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdyg w,fbk&m;)/ tckoGm;Munhf&ifvnf;

tck&SdwmyJ/ okdUaomf vGefcJhwJh wpfvavmufua&onf 'DaeUa& [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl; bk&m;)/ okdUaomf

a&&Sdw,fqkdwmawmh ajymvkdUr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh a&&Sdw,fvkdUajymvkdufwmuwGJNyD;awmh ajymvkdufwm/

wu,foGm; Munfhawmh raeUu a&onf 'DaeUa& [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ apmapmu a&onf ,cka&

[kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ woGifoGifpD;aewm ysufysuf aeNyD/ ausmfoGm;NyDaygh/ rSwfwkdifav;Munfhvkdufr,fqkd&if

aMomf? csufcsif; ausmf - ausmf- ausmfoGm;w,fqkdwmu ysufoGm;wm/ aemufxyfwkd;vmwm ujzpfvmwm/

jzpfvkduf ysufvkduf jzpfvkduf ysufvkduf/ 'Dt"dyÜm,f r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ oEÅwdynwfu 'Dvkdajym&wmaygh/

at; tJ'gu [kdu OyrmaqmifNyD; ajymwm/ Oyar,seJU oEÅwdynwf ukd,fhcEmxJ ukd,f[yfMunhfyg/ raeUwkef;u

a[m'D 'um? 'umrawG 'Dbkef;BuD;awG[m 'DaeU'Dyk*¾dKvfawG [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ tJ'Dawmh wnhfwnfh

ajymMu ygpkdUAsm/ tcka[maewJh 'Dq&mawmf[m tck b,fESpf&uf&SdNyDvJ/ 6-&uf &SdNyD a[mwm/ yxraeUuvnf;

a[mw,f/ 'kwd,aeUu a[mw,f/ tck 6-&uf vkH;vkH; a[mwm/ 10-&uf pcef;yGJukd rNyD;rcsif; a[mrSm/

'Dq&mawmfyJ a[maewmaygh/ tJ'gu oEÅwd ynwftaeeJUajymwm/ 0dyóem½IvkdUr&bl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ y&rwf

taeeJUMunfhvkduf&if raeUua[mwJh q&mawmfonf 'Dq&mawmf [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl; bk&m;)/

em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifyg/ a,m*DopfawG aemf/ raeYu q&mawmfu 'Dq&mawmf [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/

okd Yjzifh raeYu q&mawmf b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ/ &J&Jajymprf;yg/ tm;remygeJU/ bkef;BuD;ajymajymawmh

ysHvGefawmfrloGm;NyDayghAsm/ aemufwpfyg; arG;vmwm? [kwfvm;/ okdUaomf tJ'Daemufwpfyg;arG;wJh ukd,fawmfuawmh

taruarG;wmr[kwfbl;/ taru wpfcgyJ arG;ay;vkdufwm/

y&rwfoabmeJUMunhfawmh 'Dukd,fawmfqkdwm wjcm;ajymae wmvm;? ½kyfemrfajymaewmvm;/

(½kyfemrfajymaewm ygbk&m;)/ ½kyfemrfonf 'um? 'umrawGysufoGm;vkduf? topftpm; xkd;vkduf/ tJ'D oabmw&m;

u wjcm;eJUjrif&rSmvm;? ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'DvkdukdifjyvkdU&wJh t&mr[kwfbl;/ 'g -

0dyóem qkdwmu y&rwfqkdwmu ÓmPfpcef;awG 'um? 'umrwkdU/ odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/ 'Dae&mrSm tm;vkH;

tm½kHwpfyg;pdwfroGm;ygeJU/ enf;enf;av;*½kpkdufprf;yg/ y&rwfusawmh ta&;BuD;w,faygh/ tJ'Dawmh raeUu[monf

'DaeUY [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ raeUu[monf olY[meJUol csKyfoGm;NyD; 'DaeYtpm;xkd;wmyJ/ 'DaeUYonfvnf;

122


reufjzef[kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ reufjzefonfvnf; ra&mufao;bl;aemf/ tJ'Dawmh twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wf

cke OyrmeJU ajymvkdufwJhtcg raeYuvnf; 'Dq&mawmf a[mw,f/ 'DaeUvnf; a[mw,f/ reufjzefvnf;

'Dq&mawmf a[mr,f qkdwmu orkwdopöm taeeJUYajymvkdufwm/

olUu@eJUol ykdif;jcm;ykdif;jcm;NyD;jywmonf wjcm;ÓmPfvm;/ y&rw¬ÓmPfvm;/ (y&rw¬ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/

tJ'g 'um? 'umrawG oEÅwd ynwfukd ajymwmaygh/

(3) orl[ynwfqkdwmu raeUuajymcJhwJh acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf/ acgif;? cg;? ajc? vufu bmwJhvJ/

(orl[ynwf)/

(4) oP²meynwfqkdwm ykHoP²mefukdajymwm/ 'guawmh ausmif;ykH oP²mef/ 'guawmh tdrfykHoP²mef

ponfjzifhr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ OyrmqkdMuygpkdU/ rdrdEkdifiHr[kwfbJ wjcm;EkdifiHukd oGm;vkduf&if taqmuftOD;

wpfck vSrf;Munhfvkduf&if [m - 'gu Ak'¨bmombk&m;ausmif;yJ/ 'gu awmh [dE´Lbk&m;ausmif;yJ? 'gu

rlqvifbmomausmif;yJ/ 'gu c&pf,mef ausmif;yJ/ trlt&mav;awG? taqmuftOD;&JUoP²mefukd Munfh&if

rodEkdifbl;vm;/ (odEkdifygw,f)/ tJ'gu ynwfw&m;awG aemf/ ajym&rSm/ ajymzkdU qufqHvkdU&zkdU vkyf&wm/

0dyóem½IvkdU r&bl;aemf/

(5) 'Dawmh yk*¾vynwfqkdwm vlawG? ewfawG jA[®mawG owå0g awG? yk*¾dKvfawG owå0gawG rajym&bl;vm;/

tJ'D ajymvkdUomajym&wm 0dyóem½IwJhtcgusawmh ½IvdkU r&ygbl;/ cke - yk*¾vynwfqkdwm vlyk*¾dKvf?

&[ef;yk*¾dKvfayghaemf/

(6) owåynwfqkdwm owå0gqkdwm vl? ewf? jA[®m owå0gawG/ jrwfpGmbk&m; ra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f

bk&m;)/ bk&m;u ynwftaeeJU a[mwm/ y&rwftaeeJUMunfhwJhtcgusawmh owÅ0gqkdwm &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;

bk&m;)/ owå0g r&Sdbl;/ cEmyJ &Sdw,f/ owå0gr&Sdbl;/ ½kyfemrf yJ&Sdw,f/ cEmyJ&Sdw,fayghaemf/ tJ'Dvkd cEmyJvkdUjrifwmu

y&rwf/ owå0g qkdwmu ynwf/ tJ'Dawmh ynwfeJUy&rwfcGJNyD;awmh odawmhrS 0dyóem ½IvkdU &ygvdrhfr,f/

(7) 'Dvkdjzifh twåynwfqkdwm &Sdw,f/ ig? ol? touf? vdyfjym tck rajymbl;vm;/ a,m*DwkdU w&m;xkdif&if

toufuav; rSefrSef½I/ 0ifavod xGufavod/ toufrSefrSefr½SLckdif;bl;vm;/ aMomf? 'Dyk*¾dKvf toufxGufoGm;NyD/

'Dyk*¾dKvfvdyfjymbmjzpfw,f/ uJ rajymbl;vm;/ toufwkdU vdyfjymwkdU qkdwmu ynwftaeeJUom ajymwm/

tcsdKUaoumeD; tcgus&if vdyfjymcGJw,fwkdU bmwkdU nmwkdU ½IyfyGaewmyJAs/ 'gawG &SdaewmyJ/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

'Dyk*¾dKvf toufjyif;vkdufwm/ toufrxGuf Ekdifbl;/ a[m avmua0g[m&awG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/

wu,ftrSef&Sdwm r[kwfbl;/ ajymvkdU&½kHav;wifaygh/ olUudpöav; olajymvkdU&½kHav; ac:ae wmaemf/

(8) aemufqkH; eHywf&Spfu bmwJhvJ/ (Ceynwfyg bk&m;)/ Ce ynwfqkdwmuawmh vkH;&yfoP²mef

ykH[ef edrdwfukdajymwmaygh/ Ce qkdwm tpkdiftcJBuD;ukd ajymwm/ bmukd ajymwmvJ/ (tpkdiftcJBuD;ukd ajymwmyg

bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ tpkdiftcJBuD;ukd ajymwJhtcgusawmh bkef;BuD; raeUu pcJhw,f/ a,m*DwkdU ½lyu©Em

b,foabm&Sd/ (azmufjyef wJhoabm&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ ½lyu©EmrSm azmufjyefwJhoabm&Sdw,f/ ½kyfvkdU ajymvkdufwmeJU

a[m - 'DrSm½kyf? 'D½kyfujzLw,f/ 'D½kyfu rJw,f/ ykwJh½kyf/ &SnfwJh½kyf rvmbl;vm;? (vmygw,f)/ ½kyfvkdUajymvkduf&if

tck 'DrSm w&m;a[maewJhbkef;BuD; 'um? 'umrawGrjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'gu Ce ynwfav/

vkH;&yfoP ²meff ykH[ef edrdwfukd jrifaewm/ okdUaomfvnf;yJ tJ'DjrifaewJh½kyfBuD;[m 0dyóem½IvkdU&yghrvm;/

(r&yg bl; bk&m;)/ ÓmPfpcef;awG odyfta&;BuD;w,f aemf/ 'Dae&mrSm ÓmPf0if &rSm/

123


Ceaus&JUvm;Ceaus&JUvm;Ceaus&JUvm;Ceaus&JUvm;Ceaus&JUvm;

tJ'Dawmh pum;wpfck&Sdw,fav/ aMomf a,m*DawG cifAsm;wkdU 0dyóem½Iaew,fom ajymwm/ Ce

aus&JUvm;/ ta&;BuD;vmNyD/ Ce acs&JUvm;/ 'Dpum;vkH;av; rSwfvkdufprf;ygaemf/ 0dyóem qkdwmu

½IwmuvG,fw,faemf/ ckeu 'Dpum;vkH;udkarhNyD; cifAsm;wkdU Ceacs&JUvm;? Ce aus&JUvm;qkdawmh bmajymrSef;rodbl;/

Ce qkdwm pmvkdajymwm/ jrefrmvkdqkdwmuawmh vkH;&yf oP²mef ykH[efaygh/ tpkdiftcJ/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ uJ - 'Dawmh

tJ'gukd bkef;BuD;wkdU jrwfpGmbk&m; ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;a[mwJh tPkjrLeJU&Sif;rS ykdem;vnfr,f/ tJ'D wpfuGufuav;ukd

em;vnfoGm;&if ½kyfukd½Icsifwkdfif;½I? 'um? 'umrawG/ ½kyfvkH; oP ²mef ykH[ef edrdwf aysmufoGm;vdrfhr,f/

tJ'DvkdvkH;&yfoP²mef ykH[ef edrdwf aysmufoGm;awmhrS ½lyu©EmeJU ywfoufNyD;awmh ouúm,'d|djyKwfrSmyg/ bmjyKwfrSmvJ/

(ouúm, 'd|djyKwfygrSm bk&m;)/

uJ - 'Dawmh? a,m*Da[mif;awG uawmh 'Dw&m;bkef;BuD;tjrJwrf; a[mxm;NyD;om;rkdU emzl;NyD;om;/

okdUaomf emzl; xyfrHoabmxm;yg/ tJ'Dawmh 'D½lyu©Emonf wjcm;w&m;vm;/ ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;yg

bk&m;)/ raeUu ajymNyD;NyD/ ½kyfb,fESpfyg;/ 28-yg;/ ½kyfb,fESpfyg;/ (28-yg;yg bk&m;)/ 28-yg;ukd bkef;BuD;wkdU

tukefroifEkdifbl;vkdU ajymxm; NyD;om;yg/ 4-yg;ukd ajymr,f/ b,fESpfyg;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 4-yg;u pmvkdajymawmh

yx0D&,f? tmayg&,f? 0ga,m&,f? awaZm&,f/ b,f ESpfyg;/ (4-yg; ygbk&m;)/ okdYaomf tJ'D"mwf 4-yg;

b,frSm&SdwmvJ/ (udk,fhrSm&Sdwmyg bk&m;)/ udkf,fhrSm&Sdwm cGJrxkwfwwfbl;/ ,aeUurÇmrSmu odyÜHynmawG

acwfpm;wmukd;As/ tck a,m*DwkdUukd "mwfcGJay;r,faemf/ "mwfcGJrSmu wjcm;enf;eJUcGJrSmvm;? 0dZÆmenf;eJUcGJrSmvm;/

(0dZÆmenf;eJU cGJrSmyg bk&m;)/ 0dZÆmenf;eJU"mwfcGJwm/ 'g bk&m;a[mwm/

tJ'Dvkd 0dZÆmenf;eJU "mwf 4-yg;ukd"mwfcGJwJhtcgrSm OyrmeJU aqmifNyD; a[mawmh ykd&Sif;ygw,f/ tck

a,m*DwdkU a[m'D"r®m½kHxJrSm jrLrIefav; awG&Sdygw,f/ aoaocsmcsm rjrif&bl;/ tckum;awGoGm;r,f? vlawGoGm;

r,fqkd&if jrLrIefawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ tJ'DjrLrIefukd jrwfpGmbk&m;u &xa& tPkjrLvkdU ac:ygw,f/ bmtPkjrL/

(&xa&tPkjrL)/ wpfvkH;av;rSwfxm; vkdufygOD;aemf/ tJ'D &xa&tPkjrLukd tcka,m*DwdkUrsufpdeJU jrifw,faygh/

tJ'DrsufpdeJYjrifwmukd "r®m½kHBuD;wpfckvkH;rSm ckaewpfvç ESpfvç okH;v avmuf wHjrufpnf;rodrf;bJ xm;Munhf/

zkefawGtrsm;BuD;jzpfvmvdrhfr,f/ bmtPkjrLawGvJ/ (&xa&tPkjrLawG/) tJ'D &xa&tPkjrLawGukd xm;vkdufNyD;aemf/

uJ 'Dawmhaumif;NyD/ tJ'D &xa&tPkjrLukd ÓmPfjzifh 'um? 'umrawG ykdif;vkduf? pdwfvkduf/ 36-pdwf pdwfw,fvkdY

pmxJrSm jyw,f/ b,favmufpdwfw,f/ (36-pdwf)/ tJ'Davmuf ao;i,fwJhOpöm av;awGudk aea&mifcHMunhfvkdYjrif&wJh

&xa&tPkjrLawGukd 36-pdwf pdwf&if tJ'Dwpfpdwfukd jrifEkdifyghOD;rvm;/ (rjrifEkdifygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd jrwfpGmbk&m;

u wZÆm&DjrLvdkUac:w,f/ a,m*DwdkU/ bmjrLvkdU ac:wmvJ/ (wZÆm&DjrLyg bk&m;)/ pum;vkH;ESpfvkH; &SdoGm;NyD/

yxru &xa&tPkjrL/ 'kwd,u wZÆm&DjrL? wZÆm&DjrLukd ½kd;½kd;rsufpdeJU MunhfvkdU&yghOD;rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/

rSefbDvl;eJUvnf; MunhfvkdUr&awmhbl;/ 'Davmufao;i,foGm; w,f/ okdYaomf jrwfpGmbk&m; ÓmPfxJrSm jrifvkdU

a[maewmaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dawmh &xa&tPkjrL&,f/ wZÆm&DjrL&,f/

tJ'D wZÆm&DjrLukd 36-pdwf xyfNyD;awmh pdwfwJh/ eHygwfokH;tqifh wufoGm;NyD/ 36-pdwf xyfpdwf&if

jrifEkdifygOD;rvm;/ (rjrifEkdifygbl; bk&m;)/ &xa&tPkjrLawmifrSyJ tJ'Dwpfpdwfukd rjrif&wmukd/ 'Dwpfpdwfukd

36-pdwf xyfpdwfOD;r,fqkdawmh b,fvkdvkyfjrifEkdifyghOD;rvJ/ tJ'gu tPkjrL wJh 'um? 'umrwkdY/ bmwJhvJ/

(tPkjrLygbk&m;)? a[m tPkjrLqkdawmh tm;vkH;aom 'um? 'umrawG &if;ESD;oGm;NyD/ tPkjrLqkdwmaemf/

[kd - bkef;BuD;wkdYppftwGif;u *syefjynfrSm em*gpmuDwkdU? [D½kd&SD;rm;wkdUrSm csoGm;vkdufwJhAkH;u bmAkH;vJ/

(tPkjrLAkH;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'g ½kyf? ½kyfowåd/ b,favmuf jyif;vJqkd&if tJ'Davmuf ow ådjyif;w,fqkdawmhaemf/

jrwfpGm bk&m;xyfa[mwmu tJ'DtPkjrLukd 36-pdwfxyfpdwfvkdufOD;wJh/ jrifEkdif p&m&Sdyghrvm;/ b,fvkdenf;eJUrS

rjrifEkdifawmhbl;/ vlUrsufpdeJUvnf; rjrif Ekdifawmhbl;/ ewfrsufpdeJUvnf; rjrifEkdifawmhbl;/ tJ'Dawmh t&Sifbk&m;

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vlUrsufpd? ewfrsufpdeJU rjrifbJeJU b,fES,fhaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mvJ/ 'gu bk&m;ÓmPfav/ ÓmPfeJUomvQif

jriftyfwJhudpörkdUvkdU/ tJ'D y&rmPkjrL xdawmif jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mcJhwm/

tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf [kd;vGefcJhwJU ESpfaygif; 2500-ausmfu tJ'D y&rmPkjrLxdawmif a[mcJhNyD/

uJ? 'Dawmh a,m*DwkdU ÓmPfav; wpfcsuf oGif;vkdufprf;yg/ tJ'D y&rmPkjrLqkdwmonf wjcm;w&m;vm;/

½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ ½kyfjzpfaomfvnf; tJ'D½kyfukdifvkdU &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl; bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if - [kwfNyD/ ½kyfonf ukdifvkdUr&bl;qkdawmh tck ukdifvdkU &wJh½kyfukdjyaewm/ tck bkef;BuD;ykwfjyaewm

wjcm;jywmvm;? ½kyfjyae wmvm;/ (½kyfjyaewmygbk&m;)/ cke vufarmif;qkdwmu bmynwf/ (orl[ynwfygbk&m;)/

y&rwfeJUMunfhawmh tJ'gonf wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ okdYaomf tck a,m*DwkdUukd

ykwfjyaewm ynwf½kyf/ bm½kyfvJ/ (ynwf½kyfyg bk&m;)/ y&rmPkjrLqkdwJhw&m;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;/ ½kyfw&m;vm;/

(½kyfw&m;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'D½kyfw&m;ukd ukdifvdkU &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ okdUYaomf ukdifvkdU r&bl; ajymjim;aomfvnf;

½kyfr&Sdwmvm;? &Sdwmvm;/ (&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ &Sdvnf; &Sdw,f/ odvnf; odw,f/ y&rwf½kyfawG/ ÓmPfeJUomvQif

jriftyfwJh½kyfawG/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ okdYaomf ½kyfw&m;rSeforQ ]½kyÜwDwd ½lyH}/ azmufjyefwJh oabm&Sdw,f/ cke

tPkjrLAkH;xaygufw,fqkdwm wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D½kyfonf razmufjyefwmvm;/

azmuf jye faewm vm;/ (azmuf jye faewmygbk&m; ) / 'gu tjyi favmu&J U Oyrm a[mwm/

twGif;MunhfvkdufwJhtcgusawmh tjrJwrf; bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG&JU ½kyfw&m;awGu bmjzpfaewmvJ/

(azmufjyefaewmygbk&m;)/ azmufjyef aeNyD/

uJ - 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ tcke tPkjrLav; jyefNyD;awmh tEkvkHy#dvkH Munhfr,f/ tJ'D y&rmPkjrLqkdwmu

rjrifEkdifbl;/ okdYaomf r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ ÓmPfeJUomvQif jriftyfwJh? ÓmPf eJYomvQif odtyfwJh w&m;

jzpfw,f/

'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'DzkefvHk;BuD;[m emrynwfeJUMunhfaemf/ apmapm wkef;u zkeftrIefav;awG/ tckpkvkdufawmh

zkefvkH;BuD;? zkefvkH;BuD;qkdwm oP²meynwf/ ykHoP²mef/ apmapmu zkefrIefUav;awG/ zkefvkH;BuD;awG jzpfNyDqkdawmh

emrynwf/ 0dyóem½IvkdU&vm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ emrnfawG ajymif;oGm;NyDaemf/ tJ'D tajymif;tvJqkdwJh

ynwfjzpfaomaMumifh ajymvkdU om&w,f/ y&rwftaeeJU 0dyóem ½IvkdUr&/ tJ'Dawmh ckeajymwJh zkefvkH;BuD;ukd

a,m*DwdkU - pdwful;av;eJUayghaemf? a&xnfhvkdufyg/ a&qkdwm tmayg/ ckezkefqkdwmu yx0D/ okdYjzifh yx0Dqkd&if

ckeajr"mwfukd,lvkduf? ajrBuD;ukdr,leJU/ ajr"mwfukd ,l&r,faemf/ ajrBuD;ukdjrif&rSmvm;? ajr"mwf ukd ,l&rSmvm;/

(ajr"mwfukd,l&rSmygbk&m;)/ cke y&rmPkjrL xdatmif bk&m;a[mxm;w,f/ ukdifvkdUr&bl;aemf/ÓmPfeJUomvQif

jrif&w,f/ ukdifvkdU&vkdU&Sd&if 'um? 'umrawGu ½kyfMurf;BuD;awGyJaemf/

tJ'D½kyfMurf;BuD;ukd 'um? 'umrawG 0dyóem½IvkdUr&bl;/ ,ck ajymaewmu ÓmPfeJUomvQif jriftyfwJh

½kyfaygh/ tJ'Dawmh ckeajymwJh &THUwkH;BuD;xJudk a&avmif;vkdufvkdU&Sd&if a[m - e,fvdkufawmh zkefvkH;BuD;u

&THUwkH;BuD;jzpfoGm;NyD/ emrnfajymif;oGm;NyD; apmapmu zkefvkH;BuD;? ,ck &THUwkH;BuD;/ tJ'D&THUwkH;BuD;xJrSm zkefrIefUav;awGonf

wpfckwnf;vm;? trsm;BuD;vm;/ (trsm;BuD;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh zkefrIefUav;awG wpfckeJUwpfck Mum;rSm tmumo"mwfawG

r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ uvmyfpnf; wpfckeJU wpfckMum;rSm tmumo"mwfawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

0ga,mu 6-rsdK;awmif&Sdwm/ bkef;BuD; olUtcef;a&mufawmh ajymr,f ayghaemf/ tJ'DxJrSm avawG r&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'D &THUwkH;BuD;xJrSm cke&THUawGqkdwJh yx0D? a&qkdwm xnfhvdkufwJh tcgusawmh tmayg/

pmvkd tmayg/ jrefrmvkdqkdwm a&/ cke uvmyfwpfckeJUwpfckMum;rSm &Sdwmuav/ 'DrSm ylrI at;rI urD;?

"mwfb,fESpfyg;/ (av;yg;)/ [kwfNyD/ tJ'DrSm "mwfav;yg; a,m*DwkdU xkd;azmufjrifvkduf/ tJ'D&THUwkH;BuD;udk jrif&rSmvm;/

"mwfav;yg;ukd jrif&rSmvm;/ ("mwfav;yg; jrif&rSmygbk&m;)./ 'Dawmh &THUwkH;BuD;u ynwf? "mwfav;yg;u

y&rwf/ qkdyg/ (&THUwkH;BuD;u ynwf? "mwfav;yg;u y&rwf)/ y&rwfukd 0dyóem½IrSm/

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tJ'Dawmh - &THUwkH;BuD; ½I&rSmvm;? 'Dae&mrSm "mwfav;yg;½I&rSm vm;/ ("mwfav;yg; ½I&rSmygbk&m;)/

&Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh - aumif;NyD/ "mwfav;yg; pka0;wJh &THUwkH;BuD;ukd yef;ykq&maumif;aumif;eJU t½kyfvkyf

vkdufNyD/ a,musfm;ykHoP²mef? rdef;rykHoP ²mef xm;aemf/ tJ'Dvkd t½kyfxk vkdufwJhtcgusawmh yef;ykq&mu

ol&JUvufpGrf;jyNyDaemf/ 'Dawmh t½kyfawG trsm;BuD;xkvkdufwJhtcgusawmh? yef;ykq&mu acG;ykHo@mefxk&if a,m*DwkdU

tJ'g bmac:rvJ/ acG;/ vlykHoP ²mefxk&if vl/ vlrSmvnf; a,musfm; ykHoP ²mef xkawmh a,musfm;/

rdef;rykHoP²mefxkawmh rdef;r/ tJ'Dvkdjzifh&if ewfykHoP² mef Munfhvkdufawmh ewf/ tJ'D tac:ta0:u wjcm;tac:

ta0:awGvm;/ ynwfawGvm;/ (ynwfawGygbk&m;)/ okdYjzifh ynwfukd a,m*DwdkU 'Davmufqkd awmfawmfav;

oabmaygufoGm;NyD/ aMomf - vufpowf vlqkdwmvnf; 'D&THUwkH;BuD;u vkyfwmyJ/ ewfqkdwmvnf; 'D&THUwkH;BuD;u

vkyfwmyJ? acG;qkdwmvnf; 'D&THUwkH;BuD;u vkyfwmyJ/ ynwf taeeJU MunhfvkdufwJhtcgusawmh acG;u acG;tqifh?

a,musfm;u a,mufsm; tqifh? rdef;ru rdef;rtqifh? ewfu ewftqifh? jA[®mu jA[®mtqifh? olYynwfrSm

olUae&meJUolU tac:ta0:eJU olUtqifheJU r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ ÓmPf pcef;0ifvmNyD/ tJ'Dawmh ynwfeJU

MunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh tqifhtwef; r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ uJ - a,m*DwdkU tck0dyóem onf

bmukd½I/ (y&rwfukd½Iygw,fbk&m;)/

y&rwftaeeJUMunhfvkdufwJhtcgusawmh ynwfukd jyefajymMuOD;/ tJ'DvlawG onfvnf; wjcm;vm;?

&THUwkH;BuD;vm;/ (&THUwkH;BuD;ygbk&m;)/ ewfonfvnf;yJ &THUwkH;BuD;? &THUwkH;BuD;qkdwm ynwfyJ &Sdao;w,f/ okdUaomf

tJ'D &THUwkH;BuD;ukd Munfhawmh &THUwkH;BuD;vkdU jrif&rSmvm;? y&rwfvkdU jrif& rSmvm;/ (y&rwfvkdUjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/

"mwfav;yg;/ "mwfav;yg;/ &THUwkH; BuD;vkdUjrif&rSmvm;? "mwfav;yg; jrif&rSmvm;/ tJ'D "mwfav;yg;rSm cke

ajymwJh yx0D&,f? tmayg&,f? 0ga,m&,f? awaZm&,f/ 'g - bkef;BuD; u ygVdawmftwkdif; &Gwfjyaewm/

jrefrmvkdjyefwJhtcgusawmh ajr? a&? av? rD; b,fESpfck/ (av;ckygbk&m;)/ ajr? a&? av? rD;/ [kwfNyD/ tJ'D awmh

- cke&THUwkH;BuD;xJrSm "mwfb,fESpfck/ (av;ckygbk&m;)/ jrefrmvkdajym (ajr? a&? av? rD;)/ tJ'D"mwfav;yg;ukd

bmw&m;ac:vJ/ ½kyfw&m;/ "mwfav;yg;ukd bmac:vJ/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/

aumif;NyD/ cke - 'Dvkdjzihf&if orl[ynwfqkdwm acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf qkdawmh a,musfm;qkdawmh

a,musfm;&JUt*Fg&yfawG? qHzsm;uae ajczsm;xd olUt*FgawG xnfhvkdufawmh 'ga,musfm;yJ/ arG;uwnf;uae

orkwfvkdufNyD/ rdef;rusawmhvnf; rdef;rt*Fg&yfawG qHzsm;uae ajczsm;? olUt*FgawGpkHawmh 'g-rdef;ryJ? rajymbl;vm;/

'Dvkdjzifh&if rdef;rvnf;yJ "mwfav;yg;yJ/ a,musfm;vnf;yJ ("mwfav;yg;ygyJ)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if y&rwfeJU MunfhwJhtcgusawmh

a,mufsm;? rdef;r&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ bmukdjrifvkdU/ ("mwfav;yg;ukd jrifvkdUygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'D"mwfav;yg;onf

tjcm; w&m;vm;/ ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ a[m-'um? 'umrawG ½kyfukd jrifvkdufNyDqkduwnf;u

ouúm,'d|draobl;vm;/ (aoygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D½kyfukd rjrifwJhtcg usawmh igxifvkdufNyD/ wjcm;vm;/ 'd|dvm;/

('d|dygbk&m;)/ ouúm,eJU 'd|deJUaygif;/ (ouúm,'d|dyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D ouúm,'d|djzpfwm bmukdrjrifvkdU/

(½kyfudkrjrifvkdUygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ,ck a,m*D wkdYukd ½kyfukd aoaocsmcsm Ceacsvkdufaomtcg [m-wpfukd,fvkH;

wpfxnfvkH; a,musfm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvfowå0gbmrSr&Sdbl;a[./ ½kyfw&m;yJ &Sdw,f/ rjrifbl;vm;(jrifygw,f)/

w½kwfBuD;igpG J jzKwfovdkw½kwfBuD;igpG J jzKwfovdkw½kwfBuD;igpG J jzKwfovdkw½kwfBuD;igpG J jzKwfovdkw½kwfBuD;igpG J jzKwfovdk

uJ - tJ'D½kyfw&m;ukd bkef;BuD;wkdU ÓmPfeJUMunhfr,f/ ÓmPfeJUMunhf awmh tck w&m;xkdifwJhtcgrSm

tEkyóem 4-yg; &Sdw,f/ b,fESpfyg;vJ/ (4-yg;yg bk&m;)/ um,mEkyóem? a0'emEkyóem? pdw åmEkyóem?

"r®mEkyóem/ BudKufwm½I a,m*DwkdUaemf/ BudKufwm ½Iawmh/ ½kyf½I&if um,mEkyóemaygh/ cHpm;wm½I&if

a0'emEkyóem/ ay:wJhpdwfukd½I&if pdw åmEkyóem/ onmu©E¨meJU ocFg&u©E¨m ½Iwm "r®mEkyóem/

um,mEkyóemeJU ½lyu©Emukd½Iw,f/ a0'emEkyóemeJU a0'emu©Emukd ½Iw,f/ pdwåmEkyóemeJU 0dnmPu©Emukd

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½Iw,f/ 'Dawmh "r®mEkyóemrSm "r®t& <uif;cE¨m 2-yg;? onm-ocFg&/ 'gu bkef;BuD;wkdUu A[kokw

rSwfxm;&r,f/ tck ½kyfukd CeacsvkdufwJhtcg w&m;xkdifwJhtcgusawmh? uJ - 'um? 'umrawG awmifhwif;wmawG

r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ukd,fhvufarmif;av;ukd 'Dvkdukdifvkdfuf&if ukdkifvkdufwmrSm raysmhbl;vm;/

(aysmhygw,fbk&m;)/ aysmhwmwjcm;vm;? yx0Dvm;/ (yx0Dygbk&m;)/ okd Yjzifh&if vufukdukdifvkdU&w,f/

aysmhwJhoabmukdif vkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ Ceausygapaemf/ wu,fhaysmhwJh oabmonf ukdifvkdU &yghrvm;/

(r&ygbl;)/ t½kd;ukdifMunfhawmh rrmbl;vm;/ (rmygw,fbk&m;)/ rmwmonf wjcm;vm;/ yx0Dvm;/ (yx0Dygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh t½kd;ukdukdifvkdU&w,f/ rmwJhoabmukd ukdifvdkUr&bl;/ em;BuD;BuD; em;axmif/ y&rwfoabmaemf/ tJ'gonf

yx0DawGaygh/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ uJ? 'Dawmh a,m*DwkdU/ wpfukd,fvkH; wpfxnfvkH; acR;awG rxGufbl;vm;/

(xGufygw,fbk&m;)/ acR;xGufaewmwjcm;vm;/ tmaygvm;/ (tmaygygbk&m;)/ (a&awG)/

tJ'Dawmh wpfukd,fvkH; wpfxnfvkH;rSm ckea&vnf; ajymNyD;NyD/ ylwm at;wm r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f

bk&m;)/ ylr,f/ at;r,f/ ylwmat;wm qkdwm wjcm;vm;? awaZmvm;/ (awaZmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh a[m'D

Mum;awGxJrSm uvmyfwpfckeJU wpfckMum;xJrSm 0ga,mawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ 0ga,monf wjcm;vm;? avukdajymwmvm;/

(avukdajymwmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh a[m'DvufñId;av;jzpfjzpf vufrav;jzpfjzpf "mwfb,fESpfyg; awGU&rvJ/

(4-yg;yg bk&m;)/ vufraysmuf "mwfav;yg;a&muf/ vufñId;aysmuf "mwfav;yg;a&muf/ cg;aysmuf

"mwfav;yg;a&muf/ acgif;? cg;? ajc? vufaysmuf ("mwfav;yg;ygbk&m;)/ orl[ynwf? 0dyóem ½IvkdUr&bl;/

tJ'D acgif;? cg;? ajc? vufawG aysmufoGm;NyDqkdawmh "mwfav;yg;ukd jrifwmaygh/ acgif;? cg;? ajc? vufawG

aysmufoGm;NyDqkdwmu wjcm;eJU aysmufwmvm;? ÓmPfeJU aysmufwmvm;/ (ÓmPfeJUaysmufwmyg bk&m;)/

uHtaeeJUaysmufvk d Ur&bl;aemf/ uHuaeNyD;awmh a,mufsm;qk dvk d U& S d&if 'Dwpfouf a,musfm;uae

rdef;rb,fvkdvkyfjzpfrSmvJ/ [kd; ZmwfawmfawGrSm om tukokdvfeJU a,musfm;u rdef;rjzpfoGm;vkdU/ rdef;ru a,musfm;jzpf

oGm;vkdU/

,aeUodyÜHynmawG b,favmufyJ cGJaeae? a,mufsm;u rdef;rjzpf csifrS jzpfwm/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

at;? tJ'gu uHukdajymwm tck a,m*DwkdYukd ajymaewmu ÓmPfukdajymwm/ ÓmPfeJU aoaocsmcsm

MunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh a[m'D "mwfav;yg;ukd jrif&if a,mufsm;aysmuf? rdef;raysmufoGm;wm/ tJ'Dawmh rsufpdav;

rSdwfvkduf&if tJ'D"mwfav;yg; - tck a,m*DwkdYjrifNyD/ awmifhwif;aewmonf yx0D"mwf? ajr"mwfvkdU ac:w,f/

zGJUcJ ap;uyf? pD;,kdwwfaom a&oabmudk;Asaemf/ tJ'Dawmh rdrdukd,fwGif;oEÅmefwGif;&Sd tcJrIefUrQomjzpfaom

awmifhwm? wif;wm? aysmhwm? rmwm 'gawG yx0D"mwfawG/ ajr"mwfawG/

tJ'Dawmh trav; - cg;BuD;awmihfaew,f qkdawmh olu cg;ukdjrif aewm/ 0dyóem½Iawmh

cg;rawmifhbl;vm;/ trav; - AkdufxJemvkdufwm/ olu Akdufjrifaewm/ Akdufqkdwm ynwf/ emwmu y&rwf/

emwmu wjcm;uemwmvm;? ½kyfuemwmvm;/ (½kyfuemwmygbk&m;)/ azmufjyefaew,f/ ½kyfuazmufjyefaewm/

trav; - enf;enf;emw,f? awmfao;w,f/ trav; - rcsdrqHhemvmNyD? cHpm;aewm/ cHpm;aewmonf

wjcm;vm;? a0'emvm;/ (a0'emyg bk&m;)/ apmapmwkef; u emwmu enf;enf;av;/ ,ck rcsdrqHh rcHEkdifawmhbl;

qkdwmu onmu ajymaewm/ b,folu ajymwmvJ/ (onmu ajymwmyg bk&m;)/ cke enf;enf;av; emw,f/

tck tv,ftvwfemw,f/ tck - rcsdrqHh emw,fqkdwm b,folajymwmvJ/ (onmuajymwmyg bk&m;)/

enf;wmawG rsm;wmawG olurSwfay;aewm/ onmu/ cHpm;aewmb,foluvJ/ (a0'emu)/

'DawmhrS cHpm;zkdUukd? rSwfom;zkdUudk aphaqmfay;aewmu ocFg&/ at;? apmapmu emwmu wpfrsdK;?

tckemwmu wpfrsdK;qkdNyD;awmh od? od ay;aewm? b,foluvJ/ 0dnmPf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if a,m*DwdkU w&m;xkdif

wJhtcgrSm t&mwpfckukd tckeu emwmav; Oyrmajym&if emwmav; odaewkdif; odaewkdif; olwkd Y

b,fESpfrsdK;ygvmwmvJ/ (5-rsdK;)/ tJ'D 5-rsdK;u wjcm;vm;/ cEm 5-yg;vm;/ (cEm 5-yg;yg bk&m;)/ cEmig;yg;

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wpfNydKifeufygaewm/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'Dvkd awmifhwif;aewmu ckeyx0D oabm? ,kdpD;aewmu tmaygoabm?

a&oabmvkdU jrefrmvkd ajymvkduf wm/ tJ'Dawmh vIyf&Sm;aewmaygh/ 'Dvkdxkdifaewm wGef;uef0ga,maMumifh

xkdifEkdifwm/ ajcaxmufwpfcsuf <uw,fqkdwm 'um? 'umrawG pdwåZ 0ga,m/ <ucsifvkdU <uvkdufw,f/

<ucsifwJhpdwfaMumifh avuae yifhwif vkdufw,f/ vSrf;csifw,f/ vSrf;vkdufw,f/ cscsifw,f? csvkdufw,f/ 'Dvkd

jzifh&if <ucsifw,fqdkwJh oabmxJrSm 0ga,mrygbl;vm;/ (ygygw,f)/ tJ'D pdwåZ0ga,m½kyf-'DrSmygaew,faygh/

'Dvkdjzifh yx0Dygw,faemf/ tmayg ygw,f/ 0ga,mygw,f/ ylrI? aEG;rIqkdwJh awaZmrygbl;vm;/ (ygygw,f

bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh w&m;xkdifwJhtcgrSm tJ'gawG awGUaeNyD/ tJ'gawGawGU wmonf wjcm;awGUwmvm;? ½kyfawGUwmvm;/

(½kyfawGUwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh awmifhwif;wmonf yx0D"mwfvm;? tjcm;"mwfvm;/ (yx0D"mwf)/ yx0D"mwfonf

ouúm,/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ,kdpD;aewmonf wjcm;vm;/ tmaygvm;/ (tmaygygbk&m;)/ tmaygonf ouúm,/ trav;

ylvkduf wmqkdawmh ylwmonf wjcm;vm;? awaZmvm;/ (awaZmyg)/ awaZmukd bmac:vJ/ (ouúm,)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

tJ'D"mwfav;yg;onf bmwJhvJ/ (ouúm,)/ ouúm,onf xif&Sm;wmvm;? rxif&Sm;wmvm;/ (xif&Sm; wmyg

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tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfu olaX;BuD;jzpfNyD;awmh a&Tawmif aiGawmif aygufw,fom ajymwm? olaX;rjzpfcif

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aESmihf,SufovJqdkwmawGu vmwm/

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136


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aemf/

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0rf;rombl;vm;/ yg;pyf uawmh trav; 0rf;omygw,fqkdNyD; 'Daumifwufwm tvum;yga[m/ yg;pyfuawmh

137


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r,HkMunf? rusifhoHk;bl;qdk&if 'um? 'umrawG ',ftdk;u udk,fhtwGufvdkYom qHk;jzwfcsufcs/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

cke-Oayu©mqdkwm vpfvsL&Iwmaygh/ 'gu bmeJUywfouf ovJvdkYqdkawmh wpfcgwpfav bkef;BuD;wdkY

tcsif;csif;awG rwnfhwmawG &Sdw,faygh/ wpfcsdKUqdkMuygpdkU? ausmif;wkef;u&efp qdkwmaygh/ i,fi,f wkef;u

138


&efjzpfxm;wm/ tJ'g wpfoufvHk;rac:Muawmhbl;/ wpfoufvHk; rac:ayr,fh 'Dyk*¾ dKvfESpfOD;uvnf;

wpf&yfuGufwnf;oGm;ae? qHkMua&m/ ac:om rac:w,f/ pum;omrajymw,f/ wpfa,mufaumif;pm;wmvnf;

wpfa,mufu remvdk/ a[m wpfcgwpfav reufapmapmpD;pD; rsufESm csif;qdkifrsm; vrf;xJawGUvdkufNyD? a&SmifvdkYr&bl;/

'Dwpfvrf;wnf;&Sdwm/ tJ'DtcgrsdK;usawmh 'um? 'umrawG MunfMunfvifvif&Sd&JUvm;/ r&Sdbl;/ 'DvlUrsufESmrS

rMunf hcsi fbJud k ;/ 'DvlUrsufE SmrMunf hcsi fawmh 'DvlUrsufE Sm apmapmpD;p D; jrifvd kufwJ htcgusawmh

yg;pyfuomzGifhrajymw,f/ apmapm pD;pD;igjrif&wmuGm? iSufqdk;xdk;wmrsKd;vdkY/ a[m? 'if;rsufESmMunfh&wm

wpfcgwnf;rSudk ylavmifvdkufwmvdkY rvmbl;vm;/ yg;pyfuom zGifh rajymwm pdwfxJu tJ'Dtwdkif;xGufoGm;wmyJ/

odkYjzifh tJ'Dpdwfonf wjcm;pdwfvm;? tukodkvfpdwfvm;/ (tukodkvf pdwfygbk&m;)/ 'DawmhrS rdrdwdkYuaeNyD;awmh

atmf? olvnf; olUvrf; olavQmuf? udk,fvnf; udk,fhvrf;udk,favQmufqdkawmh pdwfxJrSm rNidrf;csrf; bl;vm;/

tJ'gudk bkef;BuD;wdkY Oayu©mvdkYac:ygw,f/ 'Dawmh udk,fhrkef;wJhvleJU awGU&if Oayu©mjyKyg/ rkef;wJh vleJUawGU&ifvnf;

Oayu©mjyKyg/ 'Dawmh trsm;udk udk,feJUwef;wl&nfwl awGU&ifvnf; arwåmxm;yg/ wef;wl &nfwlawGU&ifvnf;

arwåmxm;yg/ udk,fhxufjrifhwJh yk*¾dKvfawGU&ifvnf; u½kPmxm;yg/

'Dvdkjzifh&if arwåm&,f? u½kPm&,f? rk'dwm&,f? Oayu©m &,f? aumif;NyD/ tJ'D jA[®pdk&f w&m;4-yg;u

a,m*DwkdU awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u &GwfyJaeMuw,f/ ]]oaAÁowåm ta0&m a[mEÅK}} ponfjzifh r&Gwfbl;vm;/

tJ'Dawmh 'Dw&m;awGu &Gwf&rSmvm;? usifhoHk;&rSmvm;/ (usifhoHk; &rSmygbk&m;)/ &Gwfwmu ukodkvf&w,f/

&Gwfwmu ukodkvfr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ wu,fusifhoHk;rS aus;Zl;rsm;w,faygh/ tJ'gudk,HkMunfwmonf

bmÓmPfudk,Hk/ (ur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓmPfudk,Hkwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'gudk usifhoHk;wmonf ur®óuwm or®m'd|d

taeeJUrusihfoHk;bl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk usifhoHk;vdkY&Sd&if raumif;wm tusdK;ay;rSmvm;? aumif;wm tusdK;ay; rSmvm;/

(aumif;wmtusdK;ay;rSmygbk&m;)/ 'gudk,HkMunfNyD; a,m*DwdkY usifhoHk;wm[m tJ'gu tv,fwef;Ak'bmomyg/

odkYjzifh tv,fwef; Ak'¨bmomjzpfzdkY awmifrS 'um? 'umrawG vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;)/ awmfawmf

BudK;pm;&ygw,faemf/

'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ tv,fwef;Ak'¨bmom usifhoHk;ae&HkeJU edAÁmef r&ao;bl;/ bmvdk Yqdk olu

uHudkpepfwususifhoHk;wmudk;/ bmudkusifhoHk; aewmvJ/ (uHudk usifhoHk;wmygbk&m;)/ 'DawmhuHudk pepfwus

usifhoHk;awmh uHeJUusifhoHk;vdkY&Sd&if olu aumif;wmyJjzpfr,f/ aumif;wmjzpfawmhvnf;yJ vlcsrf;om&r,f?

ewfcsrf;om&r,f? jA[®mcsrf;om&r,faygh/ bmcsrf;omyJ &&? wjcm;u pwmvm;? Zmwdu pwmvm;/ (Zmwdu

pwmygbk&m;)/ Zmwd bmopöm ('ku©opöm)/ 'ku©opömyJ/ Zmwd bmopöm/ ('ku©opömyg bk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh 'ku©opömqdkawmh Zmwd&wJh yk*¾dKvfwkdif; yk*¾dKvfwdkif; bmvm vJ/ (Z&m r&Pvmygw,fbk&m;)/

Z&m r&Pqdkwm tdkemaoaygh/ 'Dvdkjzifh tdkemao bmopöm/ ('ku© opömygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ur®óuwm or®m

'd|dÓmPfavmufudk em;vnfNyD;usifhoHk;ae½HkeJU 'ku©uae vGwfyghrvm;/ (rvGwfygbl;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh 'DaeU a,m*D

olawmfpifwdkY[m tckvdk qif;&J yifyef;cHNyD;awmhum 'geawGjyK? oDvawGaqmufwnf? orx 0dyóemawG

yGm;aewm[m 'ku©a&mufzdkYvm;? 'ku©vGwfzdkYvm;/ ('ku©vGwfzdkYygbk&m;)/ 'ku©vGwfEdkifwJh Ak'bmomjzpfzdkYvdkw,f/

'ku©vGwfEdkifwJh Ak'bmomu txufwef; Ak'bmom/ bmAk'bmomvJ/ (txufwef;Ak'bmomyg bk&m;)/

odk Yjzifh cke rlvwef;Ak'¨bmom&JU taetxm;vnf; ajymNyD;NyD/ tv,fwef;Ak'¨bmom uHeJUtusdK;udk

,HkMunfwmusifhoHk;wmvnf;ajymNyD;NyD/ tck a,m*DwdkY wpfqifhusefwm bmwJhvJ/ (txufwef;Ak' bmomygbk&m;)/

tJ--txufwef;Ak'bmomusawmh 'um? 'umrawG a[m emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf? ypö,y&d*¾[ÓmPf?

vu©PÓmPf? r*fÓmPf/ tJ'D ÓmPfav;ÓmPfeJU tzHk;av;csufyGifh&if wjcm;jrif&rSmvm;? edAÁmefjrif&rSmvm;/

(edAÁmefjrif&rSmyg)/ odkYjzifh edAÁmefudk jrifEdkifzkdYtwGufu Ak'¨bmomrSm tjrifhqHk; Ak'¨bmomjzpfzdkYvdkw,f/ tck

tqifhbkef;BuD;wdkY cGJvdkufwm b,fESpfqifhvJ/ (3-qifhygbk&m;)/ rlvwef; Ak'bmomu wpfqifh? tv,fwef;

Ak'¨bmom u wpfqifh? txufwef; Ak'¨bmomu wpfqifh/ b,fESpfqifh (3-qifh yg bk&m;)/ odkYjzifh

139


txufwef;Ak'bmomudk &EdkifzdkYtwGufu bmvdkvJ/ ÓmPf/ bmvdkygvdrfh/ (ÓmPfvkdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh tv,fwef;

Ak' bmomu uH/ txufwef;Ak'bmomu ÓmPf/ bmÓmPfawGvJqdkawmh emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf? ypö,y&d*¾[ÓmPf/

vu©PÓmPf? r*fÓmPf/ odkYjzifh emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfqdkwm[m ½kyfeJUemrfudk ydkif;jcm;od&rSm/ bmeJU bmudk

ydkif;jcm;od/ (½kyfeJUemrfudkydkif;jcm;od&rSmygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh tzdk;wefwJh vlUb0 vlUavmuBuD;udk þum;½kyf? þum; emrfqdkNyD; ½kyfeJUemrfudkrS ydkif;jcm;

rodbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if bmykxkZOfvJ/ (tE ykxkZOfygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ykxkZOfqdkawmh edAÁmefonf oleJUta0;BuD;/ bmrS

rqdkifawmhbl;/ odkYjzifh txufwef; ra&mufawmhbl;aygh/ tJ'Dawmh ta&;BuD; wmu uHeJUtusdK;ay;udk ,HkMunfvdkY

oabmaygufvdkY usifhoHk;NyD;&if 'Dwdkif; 'um? 'umrawG &yfraeeJU/ txufwef; wufzdkYuawmh bmÓmPf&ç&rvJ/

(emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf &-&ygr,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ½kyfeJUemrfudk a,m*DwdkY em;vnf&r,f/ ½I&r,f/ ½kyfeJUemrfudk

em;vnfzdkY? ½IzdkYqdkwmu olrsm; wkdifyifraeeJUawmh/ ½kyfemrfESpfyg;udk ½IzdkYvdkUu ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f

bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh q&mawmf bk&m;rsm;u qHk;rxm;wm/

½kyfemrf ESpfyg; ½IyGm;zd k Y&m?½kyfemrf ESpfyg; ½IyGm;zd k Y&m?

½kyfemrf ESpfyg; ½IyGm;zd k Y&m?½kyfemrf ESpfyg; ½IyGm;zd k Y&m?

½kyfemrf ESpfyg; ½IyGm;zd k Y&m?

bmrQ0efav; oifai;aewm?bmrQ0efav; oifai;aewm?

bmrQ0efav; oifai;aewm?bmrQ0efav; oifai;aewm?

bmrQ0efav; oifai;aewm?

aeU&ufvjzKef; aoqHk;awmhrSm?aeU&ufvjzKef; aoqHk;awmhrSm?

aeU&ufvjzKef; aoqHk;awmhrSm?aeU&ufvjzKef; aoqHk;awmhrSm?

aeU&ufvjzKef; aoqHk;awmhrSm?

oifhb0 oifrStm;rem/oifhb0 oifrStm;rem/

oifhb0 oifrStm;rem/oifhb0 oifrStm;rem/

oifhb0 oifrStm;rem/

½kyfeJUemrfudk r½I&if? udk,fhudk,fudk odyftm;emp&maumif;w,f/ uJ-'Daqmifyk'fav;eJU 'um? 'umrawG

ed*Hk;csKyf&atmifaemf/ tJ'Dawmh ½kyfeJUemrfeJU tifrweftzdk;wefwJh vlUb0BuD;rSm þum; ½kyf? þum; emrfvdkY

½kyfeJUemrfudk rod? ½kyfeJUemrfudk r½Ibl;qdkvdkU&S d&if udk,fhud k,fudk tifrwef tm;emp&maumif;w,f/

udk,fhudk,fudktifrwef&Sufp&m aumif;w,f/

tJ'Dvdk rjzpf&atmif 'um? 'umrrsm; ta&;BuD;wm bmÓmPf &rS/ (emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPfygbk&m;)/

aemufwpfcsdefusawmh qufa[mr,f [kwfvm;/ 'DaeUawmh 'DavmufeJUyJ ed*Hk;csKyfNyD;?uJ w&m;yGJem;vdkufMu&

atmifaemf/



(om"k --- om"k --- om"k)

d

140








cE¨mxJta&mufyd kcE¨mxJta&mufyd kcE¨mxJta&mufyd kcE¨mxJta&mufyd kcE¨mxJta&mufyd kU


þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf &SdNyD/ (7-&uf&SdygNyDbk&m;)/

,aeU7-&ufajrmuf eHeufw&m;yGJ jzpfygw,faemf/ pcef;wpfyGJ wpfyGJvnf; w,frMumvSbl;/ a[m? tckyJ 7-

&uf jzpfoGm;NyD/ [kwfvm; (rSefvSyg bk&m;)/

at;? ,aeU 7-&uf eHeufykdif;oifwef; aus;Zl;jyK&rSmjzpfawmh tvG,fusufrSwf odaptyfonf oHo&mrS

vGwfaMumif;wnf; qkdwJh omoemokH;&yfudef;atmif tm;vkH;a,m*DawG tm;xkwfaeMuwmaemf/ omoem

b,fESpf&yfudef;zkdU/ (okH;&yfudef;&rSmyg bk&m;)/ omoemokH;&yf udef;zkdUqkdwmu y&d,w å domoemqkdwmu

q&mhwm0efayghemf/ y#dywåd omoemudef;zkdU qkdwmuawmh a,m*DwdkU&JUwm0efaemf/ y#da0"omoem udef;zkdUuawmh

"r®wm0efaygh/ 'Dvkdjzifh ,aeY tm;vkH;aom bkef;BuD;wkdU tm;vkH; a,m*D 'um? 'umrawG wm0efBuD;okH;&yf

OD;xdyfxm;&r,faemf/ wm0efBuD; b,fESpf&yfvJ/ (okH;&yfygbk&m;)/ q&mh wm0ef&,f/ a,m*D&JU wm0ef&,f/

"r®wm0ef&,fvkdUwm0efBuD; b,fESpf&yfvJ/ (okH;&yfyg bk&m;)/

'Dawmh q&mhwm0eftaeeJU a,m*DwkdUukd acgiff;pOf 7-rsdK; aMunm xm;NyD;aygh/ cEm? tm,we? "mwf?

opöm? y#dpöorkyÜg'f? t½IcH? t½IÓmPf 'Dw&m;awGukd oabmaygufem;vnfatmif ajymay;zkdUuawmh q&mhwm0ef

aygh/ (rSefvSyg)/

a[m - 'umwm0ef? a,m*DwdkU&JUwm0efu w&m;awGukdodNyD;&if 'Dwkdif;pmtkyfxJxm;vkdUr&bl;/ cEmxJta&muf

ykdU&r,f/ cE¨mxJta&muf ykdU&r,fqkdawmh tm;xkwf&r,f ajymwm/ tm;rxkwfvdkUuawmh a,m*DwkdU

aysmufoGm;r,faygh/ onmqkdwmu ckrSwf ckaysmufEkdifw,f/ tJ'D onm uae ynm&atmifuawmhjzifh 'um?

'umrwdkU bkef;BuD;wdkU wu,fhudk cE¨meJU&if;&r,f/ tJ'DcE¨meJU&if;EkdifzkdUtwGufukd owdy|mefw&m; 4-yg;eJU

tm;xkwf&rSm/ b,fESpfyg;/ (4-yg;yg bk&m;)/ 4-yg;rSm um,mEkyóem owdy|mef? a0'emEkyóemowdy|mef?

pdwåmEkyóemowdy|mef? "r®mEkyóemowdy|mef qkdNyD; owdy|mef b,fESpfyg;vJ/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dav;yg;jzifh

avsmif;? xkdif? &yf? oGm; £&d,mykwfav;yg;rSm owdy|mef 4-yg;eJUwGJNyD;awmh tm;xkwfr,fqkd&if cke

a,m*DwkdU&JUwm0ef? rdrdwm0ef ausygw,f/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ b,fvkdtm;xkwfygqkdwmuawmh q&morm;u

oifr,faygh/ Oyrm - pBuøfavQmufr,faygh/ tjrJwrf; vlUb0rSm 'um? 'umrawG ajcaxmuf&Sdaeoa&GU oGm;Mu?

vmMur,faygh/ rkd;vif;vkdU rsufvkH;ESpfvkH;yGifhvmNyD;qkduwnf;u 'um? 'umrawG vIyf&Sm; vmNyDaygh/ oGm;vkduf

vmvkduf? oGm;vkduf vmvkdufeJU vIyf&Sm;rI r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

t0dZÆmajcvSrf;rsm;t0dZÆmajcvSrf;rsm;t0dZÆmajcvSrf;rsm;t0dZÆmajcvSrf;rsm;t0dZÆmajcvSrf;rsm;

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG oGm;vmaewJh b,fajc axmufuav;awG? nmajcaxmufuav;awG?

vSrf;wkdif; vSrf;wkdif; vSrf; wkdif;[m 2-rsdK;yJ&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG tar arG;ay;vkdufwJh

a[m'DajcaxmufawG[maemf? ukokdvfeJUvSrf;wmeJU tukokdvfeJUvSrf;wm b,fESpfrsdK;&SdvJ/ (2-rsdK;yg bk&m;)/ okkdUjzifh

b,fvkdu ukodkvfeJUvSrf;wmvJ? b,fvkdu tukokdvfeJUvSrf;wmvJ qkdwm y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnf&if rodbl;/

(rSefvSyg)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f a[m'DykHaoenf;xJukd xnfh vkdufwJhtcgusawmhrS rkd;vif;vmvkdU vSrf;aewJhajcvSrf;awG[m

udpö0dpö&Sd vdkU ysm,mcwfNyD;vSrf;&if aomueJUvSrf;wmaygh/ bmeJUvSrf;wmvJ/ (aomueJUvSrf;wmygbk&m;)/ aomaumwd

141


a'gaom/ aomuqkdwm wu,fawmh a'goyJ/ aomuqkdwm bmwJhvJ/ (a'goygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkd jzifh tJ'Dajcaxmufonf

wjcm;eJUvSrf;wmvm;? a'goeJUvSrf;wmvm;/ (a'goeJU vSrf;wmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh pm;zkdUtwGuf pm;a&;? 0wfa&;? aea&;? usef;rma&;? om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&; udpöt00awG

ysm,mcwfNyD;awmhvSrf;aewJh ajcvSrf;u avmbeJUvSrf;wm/ bmeJUvJ/ (avmbeJUygbk&m;)/ reuf rdk;vif; vm&if

b,fvkdpm;&rvJ? b,fvkdvkyf&rvJ/ wpfcgwnf;rSukd ukd,fhtwGuf pm;zkdUtwGufukd pOf;pm;&w,f/ rpOf;pm;bl;vm;/

(pOf;pm;ygw,f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'DvSrf;aewJhajcvSrf;onf bmeJUvSrf;wmvJ/ (avmbeJUvSrf;wmygbk&m;)/ 'g bkef;BuD;wkdY

y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JUykHaoenf;xJ xnfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh tifrwef aMumufp&maumif;ygw,f/

'Dawmh 'DvkdvSrf;wkdif;vSrf;wkdif;ukd ysm,mawG cwfNyD;awmh trIrJh trSwfrJh vSrf;r,fqkd&if arm[eJUvSrf;wmaygh/

bmeJUvSrf; (arm[eJUvSrf;wm ygbk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'ft&ajym&if wjcm;eJUvSrf;wmvm;/ t0dZÆmeJUvSrf;wm vm;/

(t0dZÆmeJUvSrf;wmygbk&m;)? jyefNyD;pOf;pm;yg/ bkef;BuD;u a'oempOf awGudk ukd,fhaqGawmfrsdK;awmfawGukd aus;Zl;jyKw,f/

em;u w&m;emNyD;awmh ÓmPfucE¨mvSnfhqkdawmh tif;? rkd;vif;urdk;csKyf ukd,fvSrf;aewJh ajcaxmufawG?

rD;zkdacsmifxJvSrf;aewJh ajcaxmufawG tdrfOD;cef;rSmvSrf;wJh ajcaxmufawG? tjyifoGm;vkdU vSrf;aewJh ajcaxmufawG?

pD;yGm;a&; BuD;yGm;a&; vlrIa&;udpöawG oGm;vm vIyf&Sm;aewJhajcaxmuf awG[m bmeJUvSrf;aewmbJ/ bmtodawGuyfNyD;

vSrf;aewmvJqkdwm uJ- ckpOf;pm; ckray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh avmurSm y#dpöorkyÜg'feJUvGwfwJhw&m;[lí &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ r&Sdbl;aemf/ reufrkd;vif;

tdyf&mxvkdU ajcvSrf;vSrf; vkdufw,f/ rD;zkd0ifr,f? uk#D0ifr,f? a&csKd;cef;0ifr,f? trsdK;rdsK; oGm;vm

aewJhajcvSrf;awG[m avmb? a'go? arm[ wpfckr[kwf wpfckyJ/ tod owdruyfbJeJU trIrJhtrSwfrJh

vSrf;wJhajcvSrf;wkdif;onf wjcm;eJU vSrf;wm vm;? t0dZÆmeJUvSrf;wmvm;/ (t0dZÆmeJUvSrf;wmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

tJ'DajcvSrf;onf ukokdvfac:rvm;? tukokfdvfac:rvm;/ (tukokdvf ac:rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if rkd;awmifrvif;ao;bl;

'um? 'umrawG tdrfwGif;uae tdrfjyifrxGufao;bl;/ tukodkfvfawG wpfykHBuD; rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/

'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU ukd,fhukd,fukd owdrxm;vkdUrsm; trIrJh trSwfrJheJU pm;a&;? 0wfa&;? usef;rma&;? om;a&;?

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vSrf;wJh ajcvSrf;awGyJvkdU q&mawmf rdefUwm/ 'Dawmh q&mawmfBuD;onf wu,fhu½kPm"mwf tjynfht0jzifh

wynhf 'um? 'umrawGukd wu,fhukd tyg,fukdusrSmpkd;vkdU qkH;rawmf rlwJhpum;u tifrwef av;eufw,f

'um? 'umrawG/

tJ'Dvkdrsm; tod owdr&Sd&if cke ajrBuD;xJrygEkdifbl;vm;/ (ygEkdif ygw,f)/ tyg,fusygvdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumifh

jrwfpGmbk&m;u vlwpfodef;aovkdU ok*wd wpfa,mufra&mufbl;qkdwm 'gajymwm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

t0dkif;ajy;oHo&mt0d kif;ajy;oHo&mt0d kif;ajy;oHo&mt0d kif;ajy;oHo&mt0d kif;ajy;oHo&m

tJ' ga Mumi f h r k d U t J' g wjcm ;em ;rvnfv k d Uvm ; / y# d p öor ky Ü g ' f em ;rvnf v k d Uvm ; /

(y#dpöorkyÜg'fem;rvnfvkdYygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf EkdifzkdUtwGuf eHygwfwpf y&d,wfomoemonf

wjcm;wm0efvm;/ q&mh wm0efvm;/ (q&mhwm0efygbk&m;)/ em;vnfatmif ajymay;zk dU wm0efaygh/

em;vnfatmifajymay;vkdU em;vnfoGm;&if a,m*DwkdU 'Dwkdif;raeygeJU/ usifhyg/ bmvkyf&rvJ/ (usifh&rSmygbk&m;)/

usifhomusifh/ trav; bk&m;wynfhawmfwkdU usifhaewm wpfESpf&SdNyD? ESpfESpf&SdNyD? okH;ESpf&SdNyD? bmrSrjrifygvm;/

tJ'g ukd,fhudpör[kwfbl;/ xnfhrajymeJU/ udk,fht aMumif; wpfckrS rygbl;aemf/ bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*DwkdU&JUudpöu

'Dtwkdif;usifh ygqkd tJ'Dtwkdif; usifhoGm;/ okdYaomf ta&;BuD;qkH;u enf;vrf; pnf;urf; rSefzkdU ta&;BuD;w,f/

tJ-'gaMumifh q&maumif;eJUawGUygapvkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG aumif;rIukodkvfvkyfwkdif;vnf;

142


qkawmif;&ygw,f/ bkef;BuD;urawmif;eJUqdkaomfvnf; ckawmhawmif;ygvdkU ajymjyefNyD/ 'guawmh awmif;&rSmayghAsm

r[kwfbl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh q&maumif;eJUawGUvkdU&Sd&if qufawmif;OD;rSmvm;? tvkyfvkyf&rSmvm;/ (tvkyfvkyf&rSmyg

bk&m;)/

wu,fawmh ,ck a,m*Dwd k U ½I&rSmu bm½I&rSmvJ/ (0dyóemyg bk&m;)/ 0dyóemqkd&if

ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhcEm(0g) y#dpöorkyÜg'fcEmudk½I&r,f/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fcEmqkdawmh jAKef;ceJ 'Dw&m;awGremzl;? ravhvm zl;wJholqkdawmh bmwkef; y#dpöorkyÜg'fcEm/

rylygeJU/ tm,mwe&,f wGJ oif&rSmaygh/ tck y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JU eHygwfESpf tuGufxJrSm tv,faumifrSm oVm,we

r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ oVm,we&Sdw,f/ 'gu roifvkdUukd r&bl;/ ta&;BuD;qkH;udpövkdY ajymvkdU&w,f/

bmjzpfvkdUvJqkdawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f wGif oHo&y#dpöorkyÜg'f? cE¨y#dpöorkyÜg'fvkdY cGJjcm;odzkdUvkdygw,f/ oHo&

y#dpöorkyÜg'fu wjcm;upwmvm;? t0dZÆmupwmvm;/ (t0dZÆmu pwmygbk&m;)/ cE¨y#dpöorkyÜg'fu

oVm,weupw,f/ 'g ypöKyÜefrSm oVm,weu pw,f/ t0dZÆmu pcJhwmu y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JU a'oemt&

twdwfrdkYvdkY NyD;cJhNyDaemf/ ypöKyÜefrSm a[m'D oVm,wejzpfwdkif; jzpfwdkif; t0dZÆmawG wPSmawG jyefjyef0ifwmayghaemf

[kwfvm;/

'gaMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk bk&m;udk,fwdkifenf;aygif;pHkeJYa[mwm/ enf;aygif;pHkeJU a[mcJhvdkY t|uxmq&mawmif

olU&JUÓmPfawmf wkdY[m ork'´&mtv,faumifrSmqif;wJh ,kefoli,fvdk jzpfoGm;w,fqdkwm ÓmPfrrD awmhbl;/

us,f0ef;vGef;vdkY a,m*DwdkY/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ 'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; t0dZÆmu

azmufa[moGm;wm vnf; a[moGm;wmyJ/ ocFg&uae azmufa[moGm;wm&Sdw,f/ 0dnmPf uae

azmufa[moGm;wm&Sdw,f/ emrf½kyfuaea[mw,f/ oVm,weuae a[mw,f/ zóuaea[mw,f/

trsdK;rsdK;enf;aygif;pHkeJY a[mw,f/

uJ 'Dawmh udk,feJY ywfoufwJh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk p&r,fqdkawmh b,fup/ (oVm,weu p&rSmygbk&m;)/

q-tm,we/ bmwJhvJ/ (q-tm,weygbk&m;)/ o onf qayghaemf-[kwfvm;/ q-onf jrefrmvdku

ajcmuf/ tm,weqkdwmu tdrf? pu©Kyom' aewJhtdrf? aomwyom aewJhtdrf ponfaygh/ 6-rsdK;/

pu©Kyom'aetdrfqkdvkdY pu©K- rsufpdu wjcm;? tdrfuwjcm;vkdUrrSwfeJU/ pu©Kyom'qkdwJh rsufpdtMunf"mwf

uav;ukdyif tdrfvkdUajymwm/ pmvkdu pu©Kar0 pu©m,weHwJh/ 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ ,aeYbkef;BuD;wkdU cEm&,f?

tm,we&,f wGJoifr,faemf/

cE¨meJ U tm,weuk d wG Joif&r,fqk dawmh a[m'De HygwfESp f tuGuf xJu oVm,weuk d

axmufa[mw,fvdkU,lyg/ eHygwfESpf wpfuGufvkH;onf opömeJUMunhfawmh bmopömygvdrfh.. ('ku©opömyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh taMumif; opömvm;? tusdK;opömawGvm;/ (tusdK;opömawGyg bk&m;)/ 'DrSm wef; ajymvkdU&w,f/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd rsufpdxJrSm jrifaeatmif Munhfxm;&if aMomf- oVm,weqkdwmu 'ku©opöm/ tusdK;opöm/

ypöKyÜefumvrSm jzpfwmaemf/ 'gav;awGukd puf0kdif;a'oemu a,m*DwkdUukd wef;NyD;awmh tultnDay;aeygw,faemf/

taxmuftyHhjyKaeygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dw&m; awG[m ,cka[maewm? ,ckem;axmifaewmu y&d,wfomoemyg/

a[m - emaewmu (y&d,wfomoem)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'D y&d,wfomoemu wjcm;vkyfwmvm;? oifwmvm;/

(oifwmyg bk&m;)/ y#dywfomoemu jrifatmif tm;xkwf&r,f/ y&d,wf omoemu oifwm/ y#dywfomoem

u jrifatmif tm;xkwfwm/

uJ - 'Dawmh y&d,wfomoemeJUoif&r,fqkd&if tm,werSm wpfq,hfESpfyg; &Sdw,f/ tm,we b,fESpfyg;/

(12-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 12-yg;rSm twGif; 6? tjyif 6 'DvkdrSwfyg/ twGif; tm,weu 6-yg;/ tjyiftm,weu

6-yg;/ 'DaeU tm,weqkdwJh pum;vkH;av; wkd;vmNyD/ vlYb0 a&mufvmw,f/ bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG

wjcm;upwmvm;? y#doaEupwmvm;/ (y#doaEu pwmyg bk&m;)/ Zmwd/ y#doaEqkdwm bmac:ygvdrhf/

143


(Zmwd)/ ZmwdNyD; bmvmrvJ/ (Z&m)/ 'DrSm ykHav;eJUjy awmh ykd&Sif;wmaygh/ vlYb0ukdpwm wjcm;upwmvm;?

Zmwdu pwmvm;/ (Zmwdupwmygbk&m;)? Zmwd&vmawmh 'Dtwkdif;NyD;oGm;wmvm;/ Z&m vmwmvm;/

(Z&mvmwmygbk&m;)/ Z&m vmawmh 'Dwkdif;&yfoGm;wm vm;? Asm"dvmwmvm;/ (Asm"dvmwmygbk&m;)/ Asm"dvmawmh

NyD;oGm;wm vm;? r&Pvmwmvm;/ (r&Pvmwmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if vlUb0&JUtESpfudkcsKyfvkduf&if 4-rsdK;xGufvmw,f/ b,fESpfrsdK;vJ/ (4-rsdK;)/ Zmwd? Z&m?

Asm"d? r&P/ tJ'gu vlyJjzpfjzpf? ewfyJjzpfjzpf? jA[®myJjzpfjzpf cEm&SdwJhyk*¾dKvfwkdif; yk*¾dKvfwkdif;&JUoGm;&r,fh vrf;pOfu

'D 4-rsdK; oGm;aew,f/ obm0'ku© 4-rsdK;vkdU ac:w,f/ bmawGvJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ tJ'gu

,aeYbkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*DawG tm;vkH; vlUb0rSm &ifqkdif&r,fhudpöawGyJ/ 'D 4-csufyJ &Sdw,faygh/ tJ'gonf

wjcm;vm;/ oHo&mvm;/ (oHo&mygbk&m;)/ tJ'gu vlUb0a&mufwJhtcg vlUoHo&maygh/ uJ-'Dawmhaumif;NyD/

,aeYbk&m;awGwnfvkdU? ausmif;awG aqmufvkdU? qGrf;awGuyfvkdU aumif;rIukokdvf'geawGjyKvkyf? oDvawG

aqmufwnfvkdU qkdwm tJ'Dukokdvfaumif;rIeJU ao&if 'um? 'umrawG ryleJU/ aocsmayguf ewfjynfuawmh

a&mufNyD;om;/ ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f bk&m;)/

t J' Dawm h aocsmaygufewf jynfa&mufw,fqk dawm h raumi f ; wJ hae&ma&mufwmvm;?

aumif;wJhae&ma&mufwmvm;/ (aumif;wJhae&m a&mufygw,fbk&m;)/ aumif;wJhae&m b,folrS rvkdcsifwJholr&Sdygbl;/

aumif;wJh ae&ma&mufzkdUtwGufukd bkef;BuD;wkdUwpfawG aumif;wJhtvkyfawG rvkyf&bl;vm;/ aumif;wJhtvkyfqkdwm

'gew&m;awG? oDvw&m;awG[m 'g-aumif;wJhtvkyfawGygyJ/ tJ'Daumif;wJhtvkyfvkyfwJhyk*¾dKvfonf tyg,f

usoGm;rSmvm;? ok*wda&mufoGm;rSmvm;/ (ok*wda&mufoGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ- ok*wdewfbkHewfeef;

a&mufoGm;aomfvnf;yJ ewfvnf;yJ wjcm;u pwmvm;? Zmwdu pwmvm;/ (Zmwdupwmygbk&m;)/ ewfvnf;yJ

cke vlawGvkdom t&G,fBuD;vkdU yg;a&wGefUNyD; qHyifawGjzLNyD;awmh cg;awG ukdif;omrvmw,faygh/ Z&mr&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,f)/ Asm"dr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ ewfvnf;yJ aemuf wjcm;jzpfwmvm;? aowmvm;/ (aowmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if vlvnf;yJ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P&Sdovkd? ewfvnf;yJ (Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P &Sdygw,f bk&m;)/

vlawGvdkom apmapmu ajymovdkyJ cg;BuD;awGudkif;vmwm? rsufpdawGrGJvmwm? qHyifawGjzLvmwm

yg;a&awGwGefUvmwm? 'DvdkrsKd;om r&Sdw,f/ ewfvnf;yJ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&PygyJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P

&SdwJhtwGufaMumifhrdkYvdkY wjcm; jzpfwmvm;? aowmvm; (aowmygbk&m;)/ aooGm;wmygyJ/

uJ--'Dvdkjzifh&if jA[®musawmh taovGwfyghrvm;/ (rvGwfygbl;)/ vlUjynfuae tmaeOÆmbdocFg&aemf/

'Dawmh t0dZÆm ypö,m? ocFg&? ocFg& ypö,m 0dÓmPf/ tJ'Dawmh psmefw&m;awG tm;xkwfvdkY 'Db0rSm ajrvQdK;

rdk;ysHoGm; 'um? 'umrawGaemf/ aovdkY psmefeJUao&if wjcm;a&mufrSmvm;? jA[®mjynfa&mufrSmvm;/

(jA[®mjynfa&mufrSmygbk&m;)/ wpfcgwnf; Moyygwdu y#doaEtm;jzifh wpfcgwnf; bGm;ueJ jA[®mjynfrSm

oGm;NyD; awmh ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ewfawGusawmh 'um? 'umrawG [dkrSm bGm;ceJqdkNyD;

oGm;NyD;rjzpfbl;vm;/ Moyygwdu y#doaEvdkY ac:ygw,f? [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk jA[®mBuD;awG oGm;NyD;awmh

jzpfvdkuf wmeJU wpfNydKifeuf jA[®mvnf;yJ wjcm;upwmvm;/ Zmwdupwmvm;/ (Zmwdupwmygbk&m;)/ ZmwdNyD;awmh

bmvmrvJ/ (Z&m)/ Z&mNyD;awmh (Asm"d)/ Asm"dNyD;awmh (r&P)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if 31-bHkrSm jzpforQ vl&,f? ewf&,f? jA[®m&,f 'g-bkef;BuD;u

txufbHkudkajymjyw,faygh/ txufbHkudkjywJhyk*¾dKvfawG tESpfMunfhvdkufawmh ewfjzpfawmhvnf;yJ Zmwd Z&m

Asm"d r&P/ jA[®m jzpfawmhvnf; Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P/ uJ- 'Dawmh jA[®mjynfw0if;0if;? 0ufpm usif;rSmw½HIU½HIU

qdkwJhpum;&Sdw,f/ r&Sdbl;vm; (&Sdygw,f)/ opömrod bJeJU y#dpöorkyÜg'fem;rvnfbJeJU qdk&if 'd|drjyKwfbl;/ 'd|drjyKwfbJeJU

'geawG vkyfvdkY&Sd&if 'um? 'umrawG ok*wd ra&mufbl;vm;/ ewfjzpfygw,f/ 'd|drjyKwfbJeJU psmefw&m;awG

tm;xkwfvdkY&Sd&if jA[®m rjzpfbl;vm;/ jA[®m jzpfygw,f/

144


odkYaomfvnf;yJjA[®mjzpfjim;aomfvnf;yJ 'd|drjyKwfawmh olU&ifxJrSm rsdK;aphygoGm;w,f/ wjcm;rsdK;aphvm;?

i&JrsdK;aphvm;/ (i&JrsdK;aphygbk&m;)/ tJ'DrsdK;aphygoGm;awmh jA[®moufwrf;vnf;ukefa&m vlUjynfjyefra&muf bl;vm;/

vlYjynfuae wd&pämef jyefrjzpfbl;vm;/ a[m- wd&pämef jzpfawmh vnf;yJ b,fup/ Zmwdupw,f/ Zmwd

NyD;awmh Z&m/ Z&m NyD;awmh Asm"d/ Asm"dNyD;awmh r&P/ 'Dawmh 'um? 'umrawG b0wpfckvkH;rSm

i&Jjynfa&mufawmhvnf;yJ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ Nydwåmjynf a&mufawmh vnf;yJ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d?

r&Pqkdawmh tJ'Dvkdt0kdif;BuD;rSm rajy;bl;vm;/ bkef;BuD;u 'DrSmt0kdif;0kdif;jyvkdU r&vkdU/ cHku t&Snfjzpfaew,f/

uJ - ckawmh t0kdif;r0kdif;awmhbl;/ t&Snf0kdif; jzpfaeNyDaemf/ 'Dawmh ÓmPfeJUom qifhMunfhvkduf&if

t0kdif;ajy;rajy;bl;vm;/ t0kdif;ajy; ajy;wm bmawGajy; aewmvJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/jA[®mjzpfawmh

vnf; Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ tyg,fa&mufawmhvnf; Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ uJ - 'Dawmh 31-bkHrSm

cE¨m&orQ tESpfubmawGvJ/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P/ tJ'g oHo&mygyJ a,m*DwkdU/ bkef;BuD;wkdU 31-

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t0kdif;BuD;vm;/ bmrSwGufraeeJU/ 'gtwkdif;om a,m*DwkdY jrifxm; vkduf&if oabmaygufoGm;NyDaygh/

rsufpdud k jrifatmifMunfhrsufpdud k jrifatmifMunfhrsufpdud k jrifatmifMunfhrsufpdud k jrifatmifMunfhrsufpdud k jrifatmifMunfh

'Dvkd oHo&mawG vnfvkdY cEm 5-yg; ½kyfemrfw&m; awG&Mu/ ½kyfemrf&Sdawmh emr½lyypö,m oVm,weH

qkdawmh rsufpduvnf;jrifp&m&Sd jrifvkdU? em;uvnf; Mum;p&m&Sd Mum;vkdUqkdawmh q-tm,weac:wJh tm,we

6-yg;rjzpfbl;vm;/ jrifw,f Mum;w,fqkdawmh bmw&m;ygvdrfh/ (q-tm,wew&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh twGif;-

6? tjyif-6 qdkawmh? twGif;-6 u

(1) pu©m,we

(2) aomwm,we

(3) Cmem,we

(4) Zd0Sm,we

(5) um,m,we

(6) rem,we

pu©m,we qdkwmu rsufpd/ (pu©m,we qdkwm rsufpdygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY q&morm;rsm;

i,fi,f uav;b0u oifxm;wmav;oGm;NyD; owd&w,f/

rsufpdav;yg; oabmtMunfjrif½kyfursufpdav;yg; oabmtMunfjrif½kyfu

rsufpdav;yg; oabmtMunfjrif½kyfursufpdav;yg; oabmtMunfjrif½kyfu

rsufpdav;yg; oabmtMunfjrif½kyfu

jrifodEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdYa&mufatmifjrifodEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdYa&mufatmif

jrifodEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdYa&mufatmifjrifodEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdYa&mufatmif

jrifodEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdYa&mufatmif

zGJUpnf;vdk Yay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;uzGJUpnf;vdk Yay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;u

zGJUpnf;vdk Yay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;uzGJUpnf;vdk Yay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;u

zGJUpnf;vdk Yay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;u

pu©m,we rsufpd ykHoPpu©m,we rsufpd ykHoP

pu©m,we rsufpd ykHoPpu©m,we rsufpd ykHoP

pu©m,we rsufpd ykHoP²² ²² ²mefoabmygwJh/mefoabmygwJh/

mefoabmygwJh/mefoabmygwJh/

mefoabmygwJh/

wjcm;pcef;yGJawGrSm bkef;BuD; 'gudk arharhaevdkY rqdkrdbl;/ tckoGm; owd&vdkYaemf/ pu©m,weeJU ywfoufvdkYu

a,m*DwdkY qdkMunfh/ 'gbkef;BuD; wdkY i,fi,fwnf;u q&morm;oifay;wm oGm;owd&w,faemf/ ajymr,f MuH

arhawmifoGm;jyefNyD/ owd&NyD/ uJ - uJ vkdufqdk/

em;av;yg; oabm Mum;½kyfuem;av;yg; oabm Mum;½kyfu

em;av;yg; oabm Mum;½kyfuem;av;yg; oabm Mum;½kyfu

em;av;yg; oabm Mum;½kyfu

Mum;odEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdY a&mufatmifMum;odEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdY a&mufatmif

Mum;odEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdY a&mufatmifMum;odEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdY a&mufatmif

Mum;odEdkifp&m trsdK;rsdK;okdY a&mufatmif

zGJUpnf;vdkY ay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;uzGJUpnf;vdkY ay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;u

zGJUpnf;vdkY ay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;uzGJUpnf;vdkY ay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;u

zGJUpnf;vdkY ay;MuwJh 0dyguf½kyfBuD;u

aomwm,we em;yHkoPaomwm,we em;yHkoP

aomwm,we em;yHkoPaomwm,we em;yHkoP

aomwm,we em;yHkoP²² ²² ²mefoabmyg/mefoabmyg/

mefoabmyg/mefoabmyg/

mefoabmyg/

145


'Drsufpdoabmudk a,m*DwdkY oabmaygufoGm;&if usefwm tukef? Cme? Zd0Sm? um,? re 'Dtwdkif;yJ

qdkoGm;vdkY&w,f/ tcsdef odyfukefrSm pdk;vdkYaemf/ tJ'g pcef;yGJrSm bkef;BuD;wpfcgrS rqdkrdbl;? tck oGm;owd&vkdY?

'gawmifrS tqDtai:wnfhatmif renf;qdk&w,f/ usufxm; wJhpm? rSwfxm;wJhpmqkdwm arhwmyJAs/ [kwfvm;/

tJ'g pu©m,weeJY ywfoufvkdY bkef;BuD;wdkY i,fpOfu q&morm;rsm;u oifxm;cJhwJh Opömav;/ EkdY -

oabmraygufbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh pmu pmyJ&Sdwmudk;? tJ'Dawmh pmukd pmyJ&SdaevdkY &Gwfae&if ukokdvf&ygw,f/

okdYaomf edAÁmefawmh rjrifEdkifbl;/ tJ'Dpmudk a,m*DwkdY oabma&mufatmif ,lNyD;awmh cEmxJukd MunfhvdkufawmhrS

bm0emukokdvf&r,f/ tJ'D bm0emukokdvfuae jzpfysuf jrifawmhrS 0dyóemÓmPf r&bl;vm;/ tJ'Duae

wpfqifhwufawmhrS avmukw å&mr*fÓmPf&rSmayghaemf/ tJ'Dvdk r*fÓmPfudk &Ekdifzdk YtwGufudk 'gbkef;BuD;

aus;Zl;jyKwmaemf/

uJ - 'DrSm twGif; tm,we 6-yg;/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if ckepu©m,we qkdwm rsufpdyHkoP²mef 0dyguf½kyfqkdwm[m

udavo0#f? ur®0#f aMumifh bm&ovJ/ 0dygu0#f/ a,m*DwkdY ½kyfeJUywfoufNyD; tPkjrLawGeJU &Sif;cJhNyD;NyD/

tJ'Dawmh rsufpdrSm "mwfb,fESpfyg;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh av;yg; oabm tMunfjrif½kyfu qkdwm? tJ'D

pu©m,weqkdwJh rsufpdonf ½kyfw&m;vm;? emrfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ ½kyfw&m;qkdayr,fh

'DrsufvkH;BuD;wpfckvkH;ukd r,leJU/ a[m'DrsufvkH;&JUtv,faumifrSm tvTmav; 7-vTm vTmxm;w,fvkdU pmrSmvmw,f/

tJ'D oef;acgif;yrmPrQ &Sdaom tMunf"mwfuav;onf 0dyguf½kyf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhajym&&if uH½kyf/ uH½kyf?

y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm 'kwd,tuGufu tusdK;/ bmygvdrfh./ (tusdK;yg bk&m;)/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

'Dvkdjzifh&if uH½kyfqkdwmuawmh t&yfajymajymwm/ tararG;vkduf wJh ½kyfaygh/ tararG;w,fqkdwmuawmh

odvG,f? jrifvG,fatmif ajymwmaygh/ 0#feJUajymawmh 0dygu0#f½kyf/ bm½kyf/ (0dygu0#f½kyf)/ rsufpd ½kyfaemf/

odkUaomf 0dyóem t½IcH ½kyfrvmao;bl;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ uJ - 'Dvkdjzifh&if rsufpdtMunf? ukd,ftMunf?

pdwftMunf/ okdYjzifh tJ'gukd tm,weeJU ajymawmh? pu©m,we? aomwm,we? Cmem,we? Zd0Sm,we?

um,m,we? rem,we/ uJ 'Dawmh twGif; - 6? tjyif 6-ukdenf;enf;ajymr,f/ tjyif - 6 usawmh

pmvkdajymawmh

(1) ½lyg½kH

(2) o'´g½kH

(3) *Em½kH

(4) &om½kH

(5) azm|AÁm½kH

(6) "r®m½kH

b,fESpfrsdK;/ (6-rsdK;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ½lyg½kHukd jrefrmvkdjyef awmh tqif;/ ½lyg½kHqkdwm[m (tqif;ygbk&m;)/

o'´g½kHqkdwm toH/ *Em½kHu teHU/ &om½kHu t&om/ azm|AÁm½kHu awGUxdp&m/ "r®m½kHu BuHpnfawG;awmp&m/

"r®m½kHu bmygvdrfh/ (MuHpnfawG;awmp&m)/

okdYjzifh &if ,ckoifaewJh twGif; 6-yg;u pmvkdoifaewmaemf/ pmvkdoifaewm a,m*DwdkU ,aeUreuf

y&d,wfomoemudef;aeNyD/ bmomoemudef;/ (y&d,wfomoemudef;aeygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D oifwJhpm awG[m

wu,f&Sd wm pmtkyfxJrSm&Sdwmvm;? ukd,fhrSm&Sdwmvm;/ (udk,fhrSm &Sdygw,f bk&m;)/

pu©m,we = rsufpdykHoP ²mef? rsufpdtMunf/ rsufpdtMunfonf pmtkyfxJrSm awGUrSmvm;/

ukd,hfrSmawGUrSmvm;? (udk,frSmawGUrSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh pmukdoifwmu y&d,wf/ udk,fhqDrSmjrifatmif

Munfhwmuy#dywf/ tusifheJUrS jrifrSm/ ÓmPfeJUrS jrifrSm/ [kdupmqkdu oifwmu onmaygh/ 'DawmhrS owdeJU

orm"deJU 0D&d,eJU ynmeJU aygif;NyD; Munhfvnf;Munhf vkdufa&m? aMomf - rsufpdtMunfqkdwm 'gyJvkdU rjrifbl;vm;/

146


'Dawmh rsufpdtMunf[m 'gyJvdkU jrifEkdifwm[m awmf½kHwef½kHeJU jrifvkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tJ'gav; jrifEkdifzkdUtwGufukd

tultnD b,fESpfyg;ay;&ovJ/ (5-yg;yg bk&m;)/ or®m'd|d? or®mouFyÜ? or®m0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d/

tJ'D 5-yg; tultnDay;awmhrS? aMomf - rsufpdtMunfqkd wm 'gyJ? ½kyfw&m;yJ/ NyD;awmhrS wpfqifhwuf jzpf?

ysufyJ? tedpö? 'ku©? tewåyJ 'Dvkdjrif&r,f/ tJ'Dvkdjrifwmu omreftjrifeJUjrifwmvm;? tultnDaMumihf jrifwmvm;/

(tultnDaMumihf jrifwmyg bk&m;)/ b,folU tultnDvJ/ (r*¾if)/ b,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;)/

uJ - vkdufqkd/ or®m'd|d? or®mouFyÜ? or®m0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d/ r*¾ifb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;yg

bk&m;)/ tJ'D r*¾if 5-yg;&JU tm; eJU a,m*DwkdU? aMomf - rsufpdtMunfav;jrifvmNyD/ 'g0dyguf½kyf/ rxif&Sm;

bl;vm;/ (xif&Sm;ygw,f)/ uJ - 'Dvkdjzifh em;tMunf/ 0dyguf½kyf/ cke wkef;u pmykd'fav;&GwfjyoGm;wmrSm

'Dem;BuD; wpfckvkH;ukd r,leJU/ em;BuD; wpfckvkH;ukd ,lawmh [kdrSm tPkjrLav;awG? &THU½kyfuav;awGeJU Oyrm

ay;NyD;awmh acsjyxm;vkdufawmh Mo - em;qdkwmvnf;yJ 'D"mwfav;yg;yJ/ &Sif;oGm;NyDaemf/

'Dvkdjzifh 'um? 'umrawG rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ukd,f? pdwf qkdawmh ukd,fqkdwmu ynwfav/

"mwfav;yg;u y&rwf/ vQmqkdwmu ynwfav/ "mwfav;yg;u y&rwf/ ynwf y&rwf? ynwf y&rwf

'DvkdwGJod&r,faemf/ em;qkdwmu ynwf? av;yg;oabmu y&rwf/ ESmacgif;qkdwmu ynwf? av;yg;oabmu

y&rwf/ rsufpdqkdwmu ynwf? av;yg;oabmu y&rwf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 0dyóem½IwJh a,m*D[m 'g ynwf?/ 'g

y&rwf/ tJ'Dvkd cGJNyD;awmh odxm;rS oabmygr,f/

tpGef;ESpfyg;ESif htv,fvrf;pOftpGef;ESpfyg;ESif htv,fvrf;pOftpGef;ESpfyg;ESif htv,fvrf;pOftpGef;ESpfyg;ESif htv,fvrf;pOftpGef;ESpfyg;ESif htv,fvrf;pOf

ynwfy&rwf ESpfckpyf? odwwfolrS jrwfynwfy&rwf ESpfckpyf? odwwfolrS jrwf

ynwfy&rwf ESpfckpyf? odwwfolrS jrwfynwfy&rwf ESpfckpyf? odwwfolrS jrwf

ynwfy&rwf ESpfckpyf? odwwfolrS jrwf

ukd;/ tJ'Dawmh 'DESpfrsdK;ukdodaerS 0dyóemrSm tjrwfxGufr,f/ bk&m;&Sif ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; "r®pMumukdjyefMunhf&if

tv,fvrf;eJUyGifhwm/ ]]twåudvrxmEka,m*}} eJU ]]umrokcv’dumEka,m*}} vuf0JpGef;? vuf,mpGef;&Sdw,faemf/

tJ'Dawmh ]]umrokcv’dumEka,m*}}qkdwmu tkd;- wpfcgwnf;rSukd aumif;aumif;tdyf? aumif;aumif;pm;?

oGm;vm aysm fyg;Ny D;awmh umr*kPf fawGuk d tpGrf;ukefok H;aqmifcHpm;vk duf&if jzif h udavomawG

ukefoGm;rSmyJqkdwJh&nf&G,fcsufeJU umr*kPfrSeforQ tukef cHpm;wm? t0cHpm;wm/ 'gayrJh 'um? 'umrawG

umr*kPfqkdwm okH;aqmif cHpm;vkdufwmeJU 0çoGm;w,f? ukefoGm;w,f&,fvkdU &Sd&JUvm; (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ yrmqkdygawmh

0ufom;BudKufwwfwJhyk*¾dKvf 0ufom;ukd t0tjyJpm;NyD/ pm;NyD;umpavmufawmh 0çtDoGm;rSmaygh/ aemufawmhvnf;

xyfpm;ao; wmyJ/ wjcm;umr*kPftMurf;pm;awG rMunhfygeJU/ yefumeJU avat;ay; pufokH;wmav; MunhfvkdufygOD;/

tkdufwmç ylwmeJU yefumav;zGifh? avat;pufav;zGifh bmnmaygh/ tawmftwefMumvmawmh at;vkdU cvkwfydwf/

tJ- aemufwpfcg tkdufvmjyefawmh cvkwfjyefESdyf? tat;"mwf uav;cHpm;csifvmjyefwmukd;/ 'Dvkd umr*kPfqkdwm

0çw,f? tDw,fvkdU okH;aqmifqJ? okH;aqmifNyD;cPrSm &Sdaumif;&Sdr,f/ okdYaomf tjrpfjywf cGmoGm;wmr[kwfbl;/

'gudk tjrpfjywfcGmr,ftxifeJU umr*kPfawG t0ç cHpm;ypfwm/ tJ'g ]]umrokcv’dumEka,m*}}wJh a,m*DwkdUaemf/

oufouf omomav;eJU at;at;csrf;csrf;av;eJUaecsifayrJhvnf; vkdcsifwJh Nidrf;csrf;jcif; w&m;ukd awGU&JUvm;/

rawGUEkdifbl;/ ]]umrokcv’dumEka,m*}}vrf;pOfyg/ rjrifEkdifbl;wJh/

]]twåudvrxmEka,m*g}} vrf;pOfusawmh bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwf av tavmif;awmfb0rSm usifhwm/

tif; - b,favmufxdbk&m;ukd,f awmfjrwf usihfvkdufovJqkdvkdU&Sd&if? tif; - ckvkdqGrf;awGpm;ae&wm[m

ightwGuf 'g- igw&m;&zkdU taESmifht,Suf jzpfw,f/ qGrf;rpm;awmhbl;/ wpfcgwnf;rSukd bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;

bmwJhvJ/ qGrf;ukdrpm;awmhbl; 'um? 'umrawG/ 'Dwkdif;yJ usifhwmyJ/ a&aomufusifhw,f/ tJ - qGrf;rpm;bl;qkdawmh

qGrf;tpm; opfoD;av; pm;usifhvkdufw,f/ opfoD;pm; usifhawmhvnf; bk&m;rjzpfbl;/ b,f - opfoD;pm;usifhvkdU

bk&m;rjzpfbl; qkdawmh rxl;bl;/ a&yJaomufawmhr,f/ a&qGrf;yJ bkOf;ay;r,faygh/ bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwf tavmif;awmf

147


bmbkOf;ay;wmvJ/ (a&bkOf; ay;wmyg bk&m;)/ yxr opfoD;bkOf;ay;w,f/ opfoD;vnf; ½Iyfygw,f/ yvdaAm"awG

rsm;vSw,f/ a&yJbkOf;ay;awmhr,f/ bk&m;jzpf&JUvm;/ (rjzpfyg bl;)/ rjzpfbl;/ rjzpfbl;/ tusifhrSm;aewm/

bmjzpfwmvJ/ (tusifhrSm;ae wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'gbkef;BuD; 'Da'oempOf bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; tavmif;awmfb0u

usihfwJhtusifhawG? tckbkef;BuD;wkdUa,m*DawGu ol&JUrSefuefwJh vrf;pOfukd usihfzkdU/ tJ'Dawmh cke qGrf;rpm;bJeJU

toD;pm; usifhawmhaum bk&m; jzpf&JUvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;)/ [kd - toD;pm; rusifhawmhbl;/ a&aomufusifhr,f/

a&aomufusihfawmhaum bk&m;jzpf&JUvm;/ (rjzpfygbl; bk&m;)/ aMomf - a&aomufusifhwmvnf;rjzpfawmh

rpm;awmhbl;uGm/ bk&m;jzpf&JUvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/ odyfta&;BuD;w,f a,m*DwkdUaemf/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeYjrefrmEkdifiH ax&0g'Ak'bmomrSm wEÅ& rEÅ&awG 'Dvkd0if0ifNyD;aESmufwmav;awG owdxm;yg/

tJ'Dawmh [kdyk*¾dKvfBuD;u [kdyk*¾dKvfBuD;qkdawmh b,folYyJjzpfjzpfayghAsmaemf/ tr,f? opfoD;pm; usihfaew,f/

tr,f- Munfñkdp&maumif;vkdufwm? a[m - rMunfñkd vkdUajymwm r[kwfbl;aemf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;

igopfoD;pm;usihfwm bk&m; rjzpfbl;/ cspfom; 'DvkdusihfvkdU rjzpfbl;/ ]]twåudvrxmEka,m*}}aemf/ 'Dawmh

jrwfpGmbk&m;u cspfom;wkdU igbk&m; a&aomuf usihfw,f/ rif;wkdU tJ'DvkdusifhuGvkdU vmwm&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/

tJ'g tusihfvGefaew,f/ rZösdry#dy'g rusbl;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ - [kdyk*¾ d Kvfawmh [dkuk d,fawmfawmh [dkbd k;awmf [kdr,fawmfawmh a&aomufusih fwm?

odyfMunfndKzkdUaumif;wm/ w&m;omrod&if 'um? 'umrawG olrsm;txifBuD;OD;rSm/ okdYaomf tJ'Dtusifhonf

'um? 'umrawG? vkd&if;a&mufvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;)/ odyfta&;BuD;vGef;vkdUaemf/ rZösdry#dy'g vrf;pOfa&mufatmif

'gawG aus;Zl;jyKaewm a,m*DwkdU/ rvkdvm;tyfwmawG tremyajymaewmr[kwfbl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ aemufqkH;

vkH;0bmrS rpm;awmhbl; qkdNyD;usifhawmhaum bk&m;jzpf&JUvm;/ (rjzpfygbl; bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh wu,fhedAÁmefudk

vkdcsif&if ,aeYjrefrmEkdifiHrSm awmfMum oufowfvGwfpm;wmwkdU? rD;vGwfpm;wmwkdU? a&qGrf;bkOf;ay;wmwkdU

wpfcgwpfcg bkef;BuD;wkdY pmapmifxJrSm awGU&ygw,f/ bmvJ - oJqGrf; bkOf;ay;w,fqkdvm;? bmqkdvm;/

oJqkdwm tm[m& [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwf ygbl;bk&m;)/ oJukdt[m&tjzpfeJUaum pm;okH;vkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;

bk&m;)/ tJ - oJxJrSm&SdwJh ajrqDajrvTmu opfyifpm;okH;vkdU&w,f/ jrufrSm&SdwJh tm[m&u EGm;pm;vdkU&w,f/

wjcm; vlpm;vkdU&wJh[mawGu vlUtm[m& jzpfr,f/ vl[m vlpmrpm;bJeJU acG;pm? EGm;pmpm;usifh&if rSefuefwJhtusifh

[kwfyghrvm;/ pOf;pm;omMunhf a,m*DwkdU/

ax&0g'Ak'bmomtppfu rZösdry#dy'gvrf;pOfaemf/ tckbkef; BuD;aus;Zl;qyfaewm 'um? 'umrawG/

rZösdry#dy'gvrf;pOfukd oGm;zkdU/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;onf tJ'Dvkd

bmrS tm[m&ukdbkOf;ray;bJeJU usifhvnf; usifhvkdufa&m cEmonf wjcm;apmifhwmvm;? tm[m& apmifhwmvm;/

(tm[m&apmifhwmygbk&m;)/ oaAÁowåm tm[m&|dwdumukd;? ½kyfu tm[m&apmifhwm/ tm[m& rapmifhbJeJU

tm[m&vnf;jywfa&m 'um? 'umrawG? Akef;Akef;vJwmaygh/ bk&m;jzpfr,fhyk*¾dKvfrdkfUvkdU/ EkdUrkdU aoNyD/ tJ'DawmhrS

[kdubk&m;jzpf&r,fh taMumif;&Sdxm;wJh yk*¾dKvfrdkUvkdU/ odMum;? jA[®m? ewfawG 0kdif;NyD;awmhukd apmifha&Smuf ay;&wm/

tJ'DawmhrS aemufrS olYtusihfawG vGefrSef;vnf; oda&m rQrQwweJU qGrf;av;jyefbkOf;ay;NyD; awmhrS

tmemygeur®|mef;eJU tck a,m*DwkdU usihfae&wJhusifhpOftwkdif; usifhoGm;wm/ (rSefvSyg)/ ,aeU bkef;BuD;wkdY

a,m*DwdkU usifhaewJhusihfpOfonf bk&m;usihfawmfrlcJhwJhtusifh/ ig - bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; tJ'Dvkd usihfcJhvkdU

bk&m;tjzpfukd&awmfrlcJhwJh aomwmyef? ou'g*gr?f tem*grf? &[EÅm bk&m;jzpfw,f/ cspfom; cspforD;wkdUu

tJ'Dvrf;twkdif; usihfBuH/ tJ'Dvrf; ESpfvrf;r&Sdbl;/ wpfvrf;yJ &Sdw,fuGm/ igavQmufvSrf;cJhvkdU 'Dukd iga&mufcJhw,f/

rif;wkdUvnf; tJ'Dvrf;twkdif; wpfaoGrwdrf;avQmufMu/ [kda&muf'Da&mufeJU/ tck - tJ'Dvrf;ukd

bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyKaewm a,m*DwkdU/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeU a,m*DwkdUukd aus;Zl;jyKaewJhvrf;onf wjcm;vrf; vm;? tv,fvrf;vm;/

148


(tv,fvrf;ygbk&m;)/ rZösdry#dy'gvrf; ac:yg w,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'D rZösdry#dy'gvrf;ac:wJh 'Dae&mrSm pm;wmawG?

oGm;wmawG? aewmawG? xkdifwmawG? 0wfwmawG tukefvkH; 'Doifwef;u oGm;&awmhrSmukd;/ bk&m;ukd,fawmf

jrwfBuD; 'DvkdusifhvkdU bk&m;jzpfawmfrl ovkd 'DaeU bkef;BuD;wkdU&JU 'um? 'umrawGvnf; 'Doifwef;ukd emNyD;awmh

'Dwkdif; bmvkyf&rvJ/ usifhprf;yg/ reuftm;xkwf&if nae&w,f/ okdYaomf >cif;csufawmh&Sdw,f/ udavom

Mum;rckdapeJU/ udavomMum;ckdae&if wpfoufvkH; usifhvdkU&ygOD;rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ 'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU

rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½IrSwffjrJ&rnf/rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½IrSwffjrJ&rnf/

rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½IrSwffjrJ&rnf/rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½IrSwffjrJ&rnf/

rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½IrSwffjrJ&rnf/

'Daqmifyk'fuav;awmh vufuk difxm;yg/ rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½IrSwf f jr J&rnf/ tJ'Dawmh

tckw&m;tm;xkwfwJhtcgrSm em;vkdUr&bl;aemf/ bkef;BuD;raeUu ajymcJhw,f/

ttm;aejcif;? tvum;aejcif;onf rw&m;aejcif; jzpfonf/

tJ'Dawmh em;aew,fqdk&if 'Dyk*¾dKvf r*fwm; zkdvfwm; jzpfoGm;NyD/ bmjzpfvkdUvJ qkdawmh udavom

0ifoGm;vkdU/ tJawmh tm;xkwfwJhtcgrSm rem;r&yf? Mum;rjywf? ½IrSwfjrJ&rnf qkdawmh tJ'Dvkd NrJNrJtm;xkwf&if?

reuftm;xkwf&if nae&r,f/ aumif;NyD? 'Dawmh b,fvkdenf;eJU tm;xkwf&rvJ qkdawmh 'DrSm a,m*DwdkU

cE¨m&JUjzpfpOfawGukd od&rSmaygh/ cE¨m&JUjzpfpOfukd oifwJhtcg rSm oVm,we = q - tm,we qkdawmh

tm,we 12-yg; r&Sdbl; vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ twGif;b,fESpfyg;/ (6-yg;)/ tjyif (6-yg;)/ twGif; 6-yg;u

(1) pu©m,we

(2) aomwm,we

(3) Cmem,we

(4) Zd0Sg,we

(5) um,m,we

(6) rem,we

tJ'Dawmh pu©m,we qkdwmu rsufpd/ aomwm,we qkdwm em;/ Cmem,we = ESmacgif;/ Zd0Sg,we

= vQm/ um,m,we = ukd,f/ rem,we = pdwf/ tJ'Dawmh cke Zd0Sg,weqkdwm[m vQmukd ajymwmaygh/

vQmqdkwm[m wjcm;w&m;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;yg bk&m;)/ [kdrSm &THUwHk;BuD; Oyrmay;xm;w,faygh/

odkYaomf tJ'DvQmzsm;BuD; wpfckvHk;udk r,lygeJU/ vQm&JU tv,faumifrSm anmif&GufoP²mef&SdwJh t&omudkodEdkifaom

cHpm;Edkifaom tJ'DtMunf"mwfuav;onf Zd0Sg yom'? vQmtMunfvdkY ac:ygw,f/ Zd0Sgqdkwm 0dyguf½kyfayghaemf/

0dyguf½kyfjzpfwJh tusKd;½kyfjzpfwJh Zd0Sgonf ½kyfw&m;vdkY odoGm;NyDaygh/

uJ- 'Dawmh um,m,we qkdwmu udk,ftMunfvdkYac:ygw,f/ bmtMunfvJ/ (udk,ftMunfyg bk&m;)/

qHzsm;uaeajczsm;udk Munfhvdkuf &if wpfukd,fvHk; wpfxnfvHk;rSm tMunf"mwf&Sdygw,f/ tMunf"mwf

r&SdwJhae&muawmh a,m*DwdkY rSwfxm;&rSmu qHzsm;u tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;/ qHyifrSm tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;/

ajconf;vufonf; tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;aemf/ 'Dawmh temaz;awG tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;/ tMunf"mwf

r&SdwJhae&mawGaygh [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh qHyifudkjzwfvdkY rembl;aygh/ temaygufvdkY tem az;av;wufaevdkY&Sd&if

cGm&if remEdkifbl;ayghaemf/ tJ'Dae&mwGif tMunf "mwfr&Sdbl; usefwJh wpfudk,fvHk;? wpfxnfvHk;rSm tMunf"mwf

onf ysHUNyD;awmhaeygw,f/ 'gudk vufawGUprf;Munfh&if vufrudk tomav; tyfuav;eJUaxmufMunfh/ rembl;vm;/

(emygw,f)/ vufn§dK; axmufMunfh&ifvnf; (emygw,f)/ ajcaxmuf axmufMunfh&ifvnf; (emygw,f)/ acgif;axmuf

Munfh&ifvnf; (emygw,f)/ wpfudk,fvHk; 'Dvdkodaewm? emaewmonf tJ'g um,yom' tMunf = udk,ftMunf

vdkYac:ygw,f/ tJ'D udk,ftMunfonf emrfw&m;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ ½kyfw&m;yJ/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if

,ck rsufpdtMunf? em;tMunf? ESmacgif;tMunf? vQmtMunf/ tJ'DtMunfawG[m ½kyfawG/ bmwJhvJ/

(½kyfawGygbk&m;)/ [dku raemtMunfqdkwmu pdwfusawmh emrfaygh/

149


yk*¾ d Kvfowå0g&Smr&yk*¾ d Kvfowå0g&Smr&yk*¾ d Kvfowå0g&Smr&yk*¾ d Kvfowå0g&Smr&yk*¾ d Kvfowå0g&Smr&

'Dvdkjzifh&if ,ck oVm,we = q = tm,we 6-rsdK;aom tm,wewGif tcH"mwf 6-yg;wGif ½kyfu

b,fESpfyg;vJ/ (5-yg;)/ emrf u (1-yg;)/ ½kyfeJUemrfeJU ESpfyg;ygyJ/ aygif;vkdufwJhtcgusawmh (½kyfeJUemrf ESpfyg;ygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh qHzsm;uae ajczsm;ukd tm,weeJUajym&if b,fESpf rsdK; awGU&rvJ/ (6-rsdK;awGU&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 6-

rsdK;uvGJNyD; tjcm; bmrSr&Sdbl;/ tJ'D 6-rsdK;ukdyJ a,musfm;? 'D 6-rsdK;udkyJ rdef;rvkdU rac:&bl;vm;/ okdYjzifh

a,musfm;? rdef;rqkdwmuvnf; 'um? 'umrawG ynwftaeeJUomac:wm/ urÇmOD;uae 'DykHpHudk rdef;rac:?

'DykHpHukd a,musfm;vkdU ac:wm/ tJ'gu jrefrmvlrsdK;awGu jrefrmpum;eJUaygh? t*Fvdyfusawmh t*Fvdyfpum;eJU?

ukvm;usawmh ukvm;pum;eJU olYpum; eJUolr&Sdbl;vm;/ olUvlrsdK;eJU olUbmomwkdif;eJU ac:wm/ 'gawGu

ynwfw&m;awG/ ynwfqkdwmu ac:vkdU ajymvkdU &½kHav; rSefwmaemf/ wu,fhtrSefr[kwfao;bl;/ wu,ftrSefonf

wu,f&SdwJhtrSefonf wjcm;vm;/ ½kyfemrfvm;/ (½kyfemrfygbk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

'Dvkdjzifh rsufpdonf bmw&m;/ (½kyfw&m;)/ em;onf (½kyfw&m;)/ ESmacgif;onf (½kyfw&m;)? vQm (½kyfw&m;)?

ukd,f (½kyfw&m;)? pdwf (emrfw&m;)/ aygif;vkdufawmh bmeJUbm/ (½kyfeJUemrf)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'D oVm,weqkdwJh

tm,we 6-yg;onf cGJvkdufawmh ½kyfeJUemrfqkdawmh/ tJ'D ½kyfeJUemrfu rxif&Sm;wJhw&m;vm;? xif&Sm;wJhw&m;vm;/

(xif&Sm;wJh w&m;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dtm,weukd ykdif;ykdif;jcm;jcm; odjyef&ifvnf; aMomf tm,wew&m;yJ/ ½kyfeJUemrfw&m;yJ/

bmukdyJ odod? tukeftusHK;0if NyD;om;aemf/ 'Dawmh tm,wew&m;ukd odvkduf&ifvnf;yJ a,mufsm;? rdef;r

&SmvkdUr&awmhbl;/ yk*¾dKvfow å0g &SmvkdU&ao;&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ rsufpdxJrSm a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf

owå0g&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ em;xJrSmvnf; (r&Sdygbl;)/ ESmacgif;xJrSm (r&Sdygbl;)/ vQmxJrSm (r&Sdygbl;)/ ukd,fxJrSm

(r&Sdygbl;)/ r&Sdbl;/ olYtMunf"mwfawGeJU olyJ&Sdw,f/ a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*¾dKvf? owå0g &Sdukdr&Sdbl;/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*¾dKvf? ow å0g r&Sdbl;vkdUjrifwmonf wjcm;jrifvkdUvm;/ ½kyfjrifvkdUvm;/ (½kyfjrifvdkUyg bk&m;)/

rsufpd½kyf? em;½kyf? ESmacgif;½kyf? vQm½kyf? ukd,f½kyf/ tJ'D½kyfBuD;ukd jrifwJhtcgusawmh a,mufsm; rdef;r

wpfckrSvnf; rygbl;/ avmu orkwd ynwftaeeJUom wifpm;NyD; a,mufsm;&,f rdef;r&,f? taz tar&,f?

om;&,f? orD;&,f? ZeD;&,f? cifyGef;&,f ajymMuaomfvnf; wu,fhoabm MunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh &Sd&JUvm;/

(r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ r&Sdbl;vkdY jrifwmonf wjcm;jrifwmvm;/ trSefjrifwmvm;/ (trSefjrifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd

r&Sdbl;vkYdjrifwm wjcm;jrifwmvm;/ ½kyfukdjrifvkdUvm;/ (½kyfukdjrifvkdUyg bk&m;)/ ½kyfyJ&Sdw,f/ a,musfm; rdef;r r&Sd/

½kyfyJ&Sdw,f/ taz tarr&Sd/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ y&rw¬ÓmPf jrifhvmNyDaemf/

[m - 'Dvkdjzihf tazr&Sd&if 'Dtaz bmvkyfrvJ? tvum;yJ qkdNyD;awmh oGm;rvkyfeJU/ orkwdopömrSm

taz r&Sdbl;vm;/ y&rw¬opömeJU Munhfvkdufawmh taz tar awGU&rSmvm;? ½kyf awGU&rSmvm;/ (½kyfawGU &rSmyg

bk&m;)/ a,mufsm; rdef;r awGU&rSmvm;? ½kyfawGU&rSmvm;/ (½kyfawGU &rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ½kyfvkdUjrifwmu

y&rwftjrif/ tpGef;rNidapeJU/ odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/ [kd - bkef;BuD;wkdU jrefrmEkdifiHrSm omoemoefU &Sif;a&;awG

EkdifiHawmftpkd;&uaevkyfvkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU aus;Zl;wifvkdUrqkH; wm/ tJ'Dvkd oefU&Sif;a&;awG rvkyfcifwkef;u

tcsdKUq&mawG bkef;BuD;wkdU ukd,fwkdifukd,fus awGUzl;wm/ y&rwfeJUMunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh a,mufsm; rdef;r

yk*¾dKvf owå0g r&Sd/ tJ'Dawmh bmvkyfjyovJqkdawmh q&mBuD;wpf a,mufuaeNyD;awmh acgif;uOD;xkyfukdcRwfNyD;awmh

olu ajcaxmufrSm zdeyfvkd pD;jyvkdufwm/ i,fi,fwkef;uawmh tr,f [kwfrsm;[kwfrvm; vkdUaygh/

wu,fhwu,fusawmh tJ'g wjcm;tpGef;wkdufwmvm;? y&rwf tpGef;wkduf wmvm;/ (y&rwftpGef;wkdufwmyg

bk&m;)/ olonf ajcaxmuf &,f? acgif;&,fqkdwJhynwfukd y,fvkdufwm/

'Dvkdjzifh&if uJ - 'um? 'umrawG tdrfOD;cef;rSm OD;xkyfxm;vkdU &Sd&if rwifhw,fbl;vm;/ (wifhw,fygw,f)/

zdeyfBuD;wifxm;vkdU aumif;ygh rvm;/ (raumif;ygbl;)/ b,fvlrsdK;rS 'Dvkdrwifbl;aemf/ okdYaomf y&rwfeJU

MunhfvkdufwJhtcgusawmh tdrfOD;cef;awG? bmawG nmawG qkdwm wu,f &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ at; - ynwfqkdwm

avmurSmokH;zkdU/ zdeyfu zdeyfcRwfrSm xm;&r,f/ OD;xkyfu acgif;&if;rSm xm;&r,f/ &Sif;aum &Sif; &JUvm;/

150


acgif;&SdwJhOD;xkyfukd ajcaxmufrSmpGyfjyw,fqkdawmh 'Dyk*¾dKvf[m wjcm;pGef; Nidwmvm;? y&rwfpGef;Nidwmvm;/

(y&rwfpGef;Nidwmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh ynwfukdy,f&m ra&mufbl;vm;/ 'gaMumifh -

ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fusynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus

ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fusynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus

ynwfy,fawmh tyg,fus

y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmefr&/y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmefr&/

y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmefr&/y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmefr&/

y&rwfuG,fawmh edAÁmefr&/

ynwfç y&rwf ESpfckpyfynwfç y&rwf ESpfckpyf

ynwfç y&rwf ESpfckpyfynwfç y&rwf ESpfckpyf

ynwfç y&rwf ESpfckpyf



odwwfolrS jrwf/

'Dawmh 0dyóem½IwJhtcg 'godyfta&;BuD;w,f a,m*DwkdUaemf/ t,lrwwfvkdU&Sd&if tyg,feJU tvGefeD;ygw,f/

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU tckaus;Zl;jyKaewm ynwfrSm ynwfeJUMunhf&if rsufpd&Sdw,f/ rsufpdu rsufpdae&maygh/

em;u em;ae&maygh/ ESmacgif;u ESmacgif;/ vQmu vQmae&m/ ukd,fu ukd,fae&m/ olUae&meJUol r&Sdbl;vm;/

tJ'Dvkd&Sdvkdufawmh ajymvkduf&if rodbl;vm;/ (odygw,f)/ rsufpdqkd&if b,folrS ajcaxmufukdifrjybl;/ ajcaxmufqkd

b,folrS rsufpdukdifrjybl;/ bmvkdUqkdawmh rsufpdqkdwm wpfOD;eJUwpfOD; qufqHvkdU ajymvkdU qkdvdkU r&bl;vm;/

(&ygw,f)/ okdYaomf y&rwfeJUMunfhwJhtcgusawmh rsufpd awGUrSmvm;? ½kyfawGUrSmvm;/ (½kyfawGUrSmygbk&m;)/

ajcaxmufawGU&rSm vm;? ½kyfawGU&rSmvm;/ (½kyfawGU&rSmygbk&m;)/

okdYjzifh ½kyfuwjcm;vm;? y&rwfvm;/ (y&rwfygbk&m;)/ ajc axmufwkdY rsufpdwkdUqkdwm wjcm;vm;?

ynwfvm;/ (ynwfygbk&m;)/ ynwfukdokH;yg/ 'Dawmh ynwfqkdwmu tokH;opöm/ ynwfonf (tokH;opöm)/

y&rwfonf ESvkH;oGif;od&r,fhopöm/ okH;vkdUr&bl;/ ESvkH; oGif;NyD; odxm;&r,fhudpöukd 'um? 'umrawG oGm;okH;&if

ynwfy,f&m ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,fbk&m;)/ ynwfy,f&if tyg,fusNyD/ 'Dawmh ynwfawGwifNyD;awmh

vkyfae&ifvnf; 'um? 'umrawG edAÁmefr&Ekdifbl;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

'Dvkdjzifh&if pum;vkH;wpfck ajymr,faemf/ ,aeY 0denf; odu©myk'f awG rynwfbl;vm;/ vlawG 5-yg;

oDvxdef;r,f/ ig;yg;oDvrxdef;vkdU&Sd&if tyg,fusrSmyJ/ &[ef;vnf;yJ 227-oG,f odu©myk'fawG rxdef;&bl;vm;/

'Dawmh 'um? 'umrawG rxdef;&if tyg,fusrSmyJ/ tJ'gu ynwfxm; wm/ bmwJhvJ/ (ynwfxm;wmyg

bk&m;)/ tJ'D ynwfy,f&if b,fa&muf rvJ/ (tyg,fa&mufrSmyg bk&m;)/ tyg,fa&muf/ okdYaomf 'Dynwfuav;

eJUwif wif;wdrfaejyefawmhvnf; edAÁmef&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ odyfta&;BuD;w,f/ ynwfukdvnf; y,fvkdU

rjzpfbl;aemf/ wpfzufu ynwfukd a,m*DwkdY trsm;xJrSmusifhokH;NyD;awmh y&rwfukd,lNyD; vSrf;ukdif&rSm/ &Sif;aum

&Sif;&JUvm;/

tJawmh oDvonf wjcm;uvmwmvm;? ynwfuvmwmvm;/ (ynwfu vmwmyg bk&m;)/ oDvr&SdbJeJU

orm"d&SdEkdifyghrvm/ (r&SdEkdifygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ukd,hfrSm oDvawGxdef;awmh orm"d &SdrSmaygh/ orm"d &SdawmhrS

tckvkd 0dyóemynmu vG,fvG,fulul &rSm/ 0dyóemynmonf wjcm;ukd½I&rSmvm;? y&rwf½I&rSmvm;/

(y&rwf½I&rSmyg)/ y&rwfudk½IrS edAÁmefukdjrifrSm/ ynwfukd½I½kHjzifh 31-bkHyJvnfOD;r,f/ ae&mav;awGcGJyg a,m*DwdkUaemf/

'Dawmh y,fzkdUajymwJhpum;vkH;yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ okdYaomf ynwfonf 31-bkHukd aus;Zl;jyKr,f/ ynwfonf

b,fukd aus;Zl;jyK/ (31-bkHukd aus;Zl;jyKygw,f bk&m;)/ y&rwfonf 31-bkHuausmfNyD;awmh edAÁmefukd aus;Zl;jyKr,f/

31-bkHuausmfawmh wjcm;vm;? edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmefygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeU a,m*DwkdU&nf&G,fcsuf? OD;wnfcsufu bmOD;wnf vJ/ (edAÁmefyg bk&m;)/ edAÁmefukdOD;wnf&if

bmÓmPf&ç&rvJ/ (y&rw¬ÓmPf &ç&ygr,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D y&rw¬ÓmPfukd ESvkH;oGif;&if ,ck'Db0rSm

ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhav;ukd 'um? 'umrawG Nidrf;csrf;oGm;NyD/ aomu? y&da'0? 'ku?© a'greó? Oyg,mom

tp&SdwJh pdwfqif;&Jjcif;? ukd,f qif;&Jjcif;? jyif;pGmylyefjcif; tp&SdwJh 'Dvkdw&m;awGu csufcsif;Nidrf;wm/ ,ck

tm;xkwf? ,ckNidrf;w,f/ reufjzeftm;xkwf? reufjzefNidrf;w,f/ avmurSm vlawGrNidrf;csrf;bl;aemf/ tJ'Dvkd

151


rNidrf;csrf;wmonf wjcm;aMumifh r[kwfbl;/ 'Dw&m;tm;rxkwfvkdU/

tck? 'D owdy|mef r*¾ifukd tm;xkwf&if csufcsif;rNidrf;csrf;bl; vm;/ (Nidrf;csrf;ygw,f)/ pdwfqif;&Jjcif;?

ukd,fqif;&Jjcif;? jyif;pGmylyefjcif; tp&SdonfwdkYrS vGwfajrmufrIqdkwJh 'Dvkd owdy|mef&JUtusdK; 7-rsdK;awmif 'um?

'umrawG csufcsif;&rSm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh - tJ'DvkdtusdK;w&m; awG &wmu wjcm;tm;xkwf&rSmvm;/

y&rwftm;xkwf&rSmvm;/ (y&rwf tm;xkwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ uJ - 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ ynwfeJUy&rwf 'Davmufqkd

enf;enf;av;awmh &dyfpm;rdoGm;NyD/

tcH"mwfç twdkuf"mwftcH"mwfç twdkuf"mwftcH"mwfç twdkuf"mwftcH"mwfç twdkuf"mwftcH"mwfç twdkuf"mwf

uJ - tckajymcsifwmu tm,we 12-uJ - tckajymcsifwmu tm,we 12-

uJ - tckajymcsifwmu tm,we 12-uJ - tckajymcsifwmu tm,we 12-

uJ - tckajymcsifwmu tm,we 12-yg; ajymaeNyD/ tcH"mwfu b,fESpfyg;/ (6-yg;)/ twkduf"mwfu

(6-yg;)/ tcH"mwfu jrefrmvkd ajym/ (rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ukd,f? pdwf)/ 'Dawmh twkduf"mwfu

b,fESpfyg;/ 6-yg;/ 6-yg;u (tqif;? toH? teHU? t&om? awGUxd p&m? BuHpnfp&m)/ 'Dawmh aemufu

tcH"mwfukd 'Gg&vkdUvnf; ajymao; w,f/ a&SUu twkduf"mwfukd tm½kHvkdU ajymw,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh 'Gg&? tm½kH/

pum;vkH;av;wpfvkH; wkd;vmNyD/ ajymyg/ ('Gg&? tm½kH)/ aemufutcH"mwfu bmac:vJ/ ('Gg&)/ a&SUu twkduf"mwfu

(tm½kH)/ bkef;BuD;wkdU pum;vkH; wpfvkH;ukd vG,fvG,fululokH;awmhr,fqkd&if olY'Gg&eJU olYtm½kH[m tjrJwrf; wkdufw,fvkdU

'gav;rSwfvkdufyg/

pu©K'Gg&eJU ½lyg½kHeJUwkdufw,f/ pu©Konf o'´g½kHeJUwkduf&JUvm;/ (rwkdufygbl;bk&m;)/ qkdvkdwmu rsufpdonf

toHeJUwkdufyghrvm;/ rsufpdonf b,foleJUwkduf/ (tqif;eJUwkdufygw,fbk&m;)/ okdUjzifh&if em;onf b,foleJUwkduf/

(toHeJUwkdfufygw,fbk&m;)/ em;onf tqif;eJUwkduf&JUvm;/ rwkdufbl;/ tJ'gaMumifh olY'Gg&eJU olYtm½kkHyJ 'um?

'umrawG qkdygw,f/ olY'Gg&eJU olYtm½kHqkdawmh bmjzpfrvJ/ vmr,f wpfcsufaemf/ olY'Gg&eJU olYtm½kHqkdwJhtcgusawmh

0dnmPfay:vmw,f/ bm0dnmPfay:wmvJ/ (pu©K0dnmPfygbk&m;)/ pum;vkH;wpfvkH; wkd;vmjyefNyD/ bm0dnmPfygvdrfh/

(pu©K0dnmPfygbk&m;)/

a[m - em;usawmh aomw0dnmPf/ em;eJUtoHwkdufawmh aomw0dnmPf/ 'gukd ]]aomwÍö y#dpö

o'Íö OyZÆwd aomw0dnmPH}} qkdNyD;awmh 0dnmPfwpfvkH; ay:vmNyD/ 0dnmPfqkdwJh pum;vkH;wpfvkH; ay:vmNyDaemf/

'Dvkdjzifh NyD;atmif oGm;vkduf&atmif/ a[m - ESmacgif;usawmh Cme/ [kdu *EmqkdwJh teHUeJU rwkdufbl;vm;/

]]CmeÍö y#dpö *EÍöOyZÆwd Cme 0dnmPH}}/ Cme 0dnmPf/ arT;pdwf? eHpdwf wpfvkH;ay:w,f/ Cme 0dnmPfvkdU

ac:ygw,f/ tckajymaewJh Cme0dnmPf[m puf0kdif;xJrSm jzpfwmvm;? ukd,hfrSm jzpfwmvm;/ (ukd,fhrSm jzpfaewmyg

bk&m;)/ ukd,frSmjzpfaewmukd ukd,frodbl;qkd&if wjcm;vm;? t0dZÆmvm;/ (t0dZÆmyg bk&m;)/ b,favmuf

aMumufp&maumif;vJ/ 'um? 'umrawG/ jrifpdwf qkdwmvnf; ukd,fhrSmjzpfaew,f/ a[m - 'DrSmMunhf/

Mum;pdwfqkdwmvnf; ukd,fhrSmjzpfaew,f/ tck arT;pdwf eHpdwf = Cme 0dÓmPfqkdwmvnf; ukd,fhrSmjzpfaew,f/

okdYaomf ukd,fhrSmjzpfaewJht&mawGukd udk,frodbl;qkdvkdU&Sd&if bmjzpf r,f/ (t0dZÆmjzpfrSmyg bk&m;)/

t0dZÆmqkdwm ukokdvfvm;? tukokdvfvm;/ (tukokdvfyg bk&m;)/ t0dZÆmtukokdvfeJU ao&if b,foGm;r,f/

(tyg,fi&J ygbk&m;)/ aMumufp&maumif;vkdufwm/ aeUpOf jrifwmawG? Mum;wmawG? eHwmawG? arT;wmawGukd

'Dvkd 0dyóem owdy|meftvkyfom rvkyf&if 'um? 'umrawG uJ - ',ftkd;u ukd,fhtwGuf jzpfNyD/ b,favmuf

aMumufp&maumif;ovJaemf/ uJ - 'Dawmh aumif;NyD;/ Zd0Sgaygh/ vQmonf b,foleJUwkduf/ t&omeJU/ ]]Zd0HSp

y#dpö &oÍö OyZÆwd Zd0Sg0dnmPH}}/ Zd0Sg0dnmPf wpfvkH;ay:vmjyefNyD/ vQmrSm bm0dnmPfvJ/ (Zd0Sg0dnmPf)/

]]um,Íö y#dpö azm|AÁÍö OyZÆwd um,0dnmPH}}/ tck cEmukd,frSm um,0dnmPf ay:vmNyD/

]]reÍö y#dpö "ar®p OyZÆwd raem0dnmPH}}/ pdwfusawmh raem0dnmPfemrf ay:vmNyD/ tck a,m*DwdkU

0dnmPfqkdwJhpum;vkH; 'DaeU wkd;vmNyDaemf/ bmvJ/ (0dnmP)/ 'Dawmh pmvkdajymawmh -

152


(1) pu©K0dnmPf

(2) aomw0dnmPf

(3) Cme0dnmPf

(4) Zd0Sg0dnmPf

(5) um,0dnmPf

(6) raem0dnmPf/

tJ'gu ygVdawmftwkdif;oGm;wm/ jrefrmvkdjyefawmh rsufpdusawmh jrifpdwf/ jrifpdwfukdodoGm;NyD/ pu©K0dnmPfqkd

odcsifrSodr,f/ jrifpdwfqkd odNyD/ em;usawmh Mum;pdwf/ ESmacgif;usawmh eHpdwf (okdU) arT;pdwf/ vQm usawmh

pm;pdwf/ ukd,fusawmh awGUxdpdwf (0g) ,m;emaumif;pdwf/ q&mawmfBuD;&JUoifwef;pm&GufxJutwkdif;qkd bmac:rvJ/

,m;emaumif; pdwf/ qkdvkdwmu ,m;awmh ,m;wJhpdwf/ aumif;awmh aumif;wJhpdwf/ emawmh emwJhpdwf/ NcHKNyD;awmh

,m;emaumif;pdwfvkdU ajymygw,f/ raemusawmh BuHpnfawG;awmwJhpdwf/ bmygvdrhf/ (BuHpnfawG;awmwJh pdwf)/

tJ'D 0dnmPfonf tjyifrSm ay:wmvm;? ukd,fhrSmay:wmvm;/ (udk,fhrSm ay:wmyg bk&m;)/ ukd,hfrSm

0dnmPfawGay:aeNyDaygh/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tck 0dnmPfqkdwJhpum;vkH; wkd;vmNyD/ tJ'Dawmh 0dnmPfu 2-rsdK; rSwf/

b,fESpfrsdK;vJ/ (2-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ y#doaE0dnmPf/ y0wådd0ddnmPf/ y#doaE0dnmPf qkdwmu t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&/

ocFg&ypö,m 0dnmPf/ trd0rf;xJrSm y#doaEp,lwJh 0dnmPfu y#doaE0dnmPf/ oluNyD;cJhNyD/

a[m - 'Dvkdjzifh ,ck rsufpdeJU tqif;eJU wkdufwJhtcgrSm bm 0dnmPfay:/ pu©K0dnmPf/ tJ'D0dnmPfu

y0wå dd0ddnmPf/ ,ckrSay:wm rdkUvkdU ajymwm/ [kdwkef;uay:cJhwJh 0dnmPf&,f? ,ckay:wJh 0dnmPf&,f/ [kdwkef;u

ay:cJhw,fqkdwm trd0rf;xJrSm y#doaEpNyD;aewkef;u ay:wJh 0dnmPf? y#doaE 0dnmPfaygh/ ,ck tqif;eJUrsudpdeJU

wkdufwJhtcsdefrSm ay:wJh 0dnmPfu y0w ådd0ddnmPf/ tck a,m*DwkdU em;vnf&rSm 0dnmPfb,fESrsdK;/ (2-rsdK;)/

tJ'Dawmh 'D0dnmPftaMumif;u enf;enf;ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ bmvkdUqkdawmh 'd|djzKwfcef;awGrSm 'g -

ta&;ygvmNyDaemf/ bkef;BuD;wkdU aeYpOfusihfokH;&r,fh udpöawG? ta&;ygwJh udpöawG jzpfwJhtwGuf ,ck reufykdif;uawmh

tcsdefuvnf; r&Sdawmhbl; - [kwfvm;/ naeusawmh 'D0dnmPf taMumif; qufNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyKr,f/ uJ -

reufykdif; 'DavmufyJ em; vkdufMu&atmif/

( om"k -- om"k -- om"k)( om"k -- om"k -- om"k)

( om"k -- om"k -- om"k)( om"k -- om"k -- om"k)

( om"k -- om"k -- om"k)

d







tm;vHk;aom a,m*Dtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdkY -- þ " r ® o b i f

qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf &SdNyD/ (7-&uf&SdygNyDbk&m;)/ ,aeU7-&ufajrmuf nae\

y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;yGJBuD;ayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

qkdawmh ,aeUreufu tm,we poifvmcJhNyDaemf/ bmukdoifrSm ygvdrfh/ (tm,weyg bk&m;)/

eHygwfESpfu tm,we qkdwJh oifwef;ukd tck oGm;ygr,f/

tm,weoifwef;ukd oGm;aewmu cEy#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;ukd em;vnfzkdUyg/ 'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fwGif

oHo&my#dpöorkyÜg'fESifh cE¨y#dpö orkyÜg'f&,fvkdU ESpfrsdK;&Sdygw,f/ b,fESrsdK;&Sd/ (2-rsdK;&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh

oHo&my#dpöorkyÜg'f qkdwm t0dZÆm ypö,m ocFg&m tp&Sdojzifh {0 ar wó au0vó? 'ku©u©Eó

153


ork'a,m a[mwd qkdNyD;awmh 'Dvkdt0kdif; ajy;ajy;cJhwm oHo&my#dpöorkyÜg'faemf/

cEy#dpöorkyÜg'fqkdwmu ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfh tcsdeftcgrSm taMumif; ESpfck wkdufqkdifvkdU ay:aygufvmwJh

y#dpöorkyÜg'fyg/ tJ'D y#dpöorkyÜg'f ukd em;vnfrS a,m*DwkdU 0dyóem t½IcHcEmukd odygvdrfhr,f/ at; - 'Dawmh

cEmvkdU ajymvkdufwkdif; ajymvkdufwkdif; cEmukd 2-rsdK; em; vnf&r,f/

0dygu0#fcEmu wpfrsdK;?

y#dpöorkyÜg'fcEmu wpfrsdK;/

'DvkdyJ a0g[m&eJUcGJNyD;ajymygr,f/ 0dygu0#fcEmtaMumif;ukdawmh xyfwvJvJ bkef;BuD;aus;Zl;jyKxm;NyDaemf/

(rSefvSyg)/ tokb½IwJh cEm? acG;a[mifwJh cEm? tararG;wJh cEm trsdK;rsdK;emrnfawGwyfNyD; ajymaewm a,m*DwdkU

rSwfrd atmifayghaemf/ 0dygu0#fcEm/ aumif;NyD/ 0dygu0#fu ukd,fhtvHeJUvH&if wpfvHyJ &Sdr,f/ b,favmuf&Sd/

(wpfvHyJ &Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tav;csdefqkd ydóm 35-40? q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rdefUawmfrlw,f/ wpfvHrQavmufaom

cEmtav;csdef? 35-&SdaomcEm? uH pdwf Owk tm[m& taMumif;w&m; axmufyHHhzefwD;xm;wJh cEm? uHjrifcEmvkdU

ac:ygw,f/ bm cEmygvdrfh/ (uHjrifcEmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D uHjrifcEmu a,m*DwdkU 0dyóem½IvkdUr&bl;/

'Dawmh 0dyóemt½IcH cEmu ukdifr&wJh cEmaygh/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD; wkdYoifwef;q&mrsm;u rdefUYawmfrlMuwm

acG;ra[mifwJh cEmukd jrifatmif MunfhwJh/ bmwJhvJ/ (acG;ra[mifwJhcEmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh acG;rsufpdeJU

rjrifwJh cEmaygh/ 'gqkdawmh ykdNyD;awmh &Sif;wJhpum;eJU ajymwmaemf/ aus; Zl;&Sifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf tifrwef

eufeJcufcJwJh y&rwfoabm w&m;awGukd t&yfom;awG t&yfem;eJU pum;eJU em;vnfatmif a&G;NyD; rdefUawmfrlcJhwm/

'g - bkef;BuD;wkdU tifrwef uHaumif;w,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh ckeuajymwJh acG;ra[mifwJhcEmqkdwm yg&JUvm;/

'Dpum;vkH;rygbl;aemf/ q&mawmfu tJ'Dt"dyÜm,fukd,lNyD;awmh t&yfpum;eJUem;vnfatmif ajymjy oGm;wm/

'Dawmh acG;ra[mifwJh cEmqkdwmu pmxJygwmuawmh ÓmPfjrif cEmomygwm/

ÓmPfjrifcEmqkdawmh jAKef;ceJ bmajymwmygvdrfhvkdU atmufarh wm/ 'Dawmh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rdefUoGm;wm?

acG;ra[mifwJh cE¨mqkdawmh em;vnfoGm;wmaygh/ 'DcE¨mBuD; t&yfxJavQmufoGm;? ausmif;xJavQmuf oGm;

acG;jrif&ifa[mifwmaygh/ okdUaomf rjrif&if a[mifyghrvm;/ rjrifwJh cE¨maygh/ tJ'D rjrifwJhcE¨mqkdwm

wjcm;cEmr[kwfbl;/ bmcEmvJ/ (y#dpö orkyÜg'fcEmygbk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fcEmukd em;vnfEkdifzkdU 'DoVm,weukd

oifae&wm/

'Dawmh oVm,werSm a,m*DwkdU reufuoifwef;udk jyefquf&if tcH"mwf b,fESyg;vJ/ (6-yg;yg

bk&m;)/ twkduf"mwf (6-yg;yg bk&m;)/ 'DawmhrS tyGifh"mwfu 6-yg;? a[m ajcmufokH;vD "mwf 18-yg;vkdU ac:

w,f/ cEm&,f? tm,we&,f? "mwf&,f qkdNyD;awmh tqifhqifh wufvm NyDaemf/ "mwf 18-yg;taMumif;

tckoGm;w,fayhg/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ½kyfykdif; qkdif&mukd &Sif;wkef;uvnf; yx0D"mwf? awaZm"mwf? tmayg"mwf?

0ga,m"mwfawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'gvnf;yJ "mwfyJaygh - [kwfvm;/ tw åaem obm0H "ma&wDwd

"mwk qkdwJhtwkdif; "mwfqkdwm olUoabmolaqmifaewm/ pu©K0dnmP"mwf? aomw0dnmP"mwf?

Cme0dnmP"mwf? Zd0Sg0dnmP"mwf? um,0dnmP"mwf? raem 0dnmP"mwf/ oabmawGudk ,lwm/

pu©K0dnmP"mwf qkdawmh? pu©K0dnmP"mwfuav;aygh/ pu©K0dnmPf "mwfqdkwm[m udkifvdkY&yghrvm;/

oabm,l&wm/ udkifvdkYr&bl;/ MunfhvkdYr&bl;vm;/ okdYaomfvnf;yJ r&Sdbl;vm;qdkawmh &Sdw,f/ rodbl;vm;/

odw,f/ ½dk;½dk;rsufpdeJY rjrifEdkifbl;/ ÓmPfrsufpdeJYom jrifEkdifwmudk;/ yloabm? at;oabm? vIyf&Sm;oabm?

awmifhwif;oabm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Doabmudk udkifvkdY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ uJ--'Dvkdjzifh&if tcka,m*DwdkY

'DaeYqdk&if aeylwJhtcgusawmh "r®m½HkBuD;xJ rylbll;vm;/ (ylygw,fbk&m;)/ ylwmudkifvdkY&ovm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/

aMomf - ylwmqdkwm odawmh odaew,f/ udkifvdkYr&bl;/ odkYaomf ylwmonf wjcm;w&m;vm;? ylwJhoabmvm;/

(ylwJhoabmyg bk&m;)/ rsufpdrSdwf xm;vnf; ylwmodaewmyJ/ rsufpdzGifhMunfhvnf; ylwmodaeygw,f/

154


tJ'Dylaewmonf a,m*Dwdk Y udkifvd k Y&wJh oabmw&m;vm;? odaewJh oabmw&m;vm;/ (odaewJh

oabmw&m;ygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh a[m'D aysmhwmav;udkom udkifvkdY&w,f/ ylwmudkifvdkY &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ at;wm udkifvdkY&yghrvm;/

(r&ygbl;)/ okdYaomf at;oabmukd odaew,f/ yloabmudk odaew,faygh/ tJ'Doabmonf 'gu acG;ra[mifwJh

cEm/ bmcEmvJ/ (acG;ra[mifwJhcEmygbk&m;)/ 'g-½lyu©Emudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmMunfhwmaemf/ tJ'D acG;ra[mifwJh

cEmudk a,m*DwkdY jrif&if 0dyóem½I/ ylwmawGUvnf; ylwm½I? at;wmawGUvnf; at;wm½I? vIyf&Sm;wmawGUvnf;

vIyf&Sm;wm½I? &G&GrGrGawGUvnf; &G&GrGrGqdkwmu ynwftaeeJU wifpm;ajymwm? wu,f&Gaewm r[kwfbl;?

wu,frGaewm r[kwfbl;? wu,fvIyfaewm r[kwfbl;/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ y&rwf oabmeJU MunfhwJhtcgusawmh

vIyfwmvnf; wjcm;vm;? oabmav; vm;/ (oabmav;ygbk&m;)/ ylaewmvnf; wjcm;vm;? oabmav;vm;/

(oabmav;ygbk&m;)/ oabmusawmh tukefvHk; wpfnDwnf; jzpfaew,faemf/ ynwftaeeJUom 'guawmh

ylwm? 'guawmh at;wm/ 'guawmh vIyf&Sm;wm? 'guawmh awmifhwif;wm? bmnm bmnm bmnmeJY

y&rwftaeeJU emrnfawG trsm;BuD;ac:aewm/ olUoabmyJ&Sdw,f/ oabmukdMunfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmh 'um?

'umrawG tyl-tat; qkdwm &Sdao;vm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh at;oabm? yloabm 'g--½kyfudk jrifaewJh oabmaemf/ tJ'D oabm&JU vu©Pmudk

MunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh ylwJh oabmu vnf; tjrJ&Sdwmvm;? r&Sdwmvm;/ (r&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ at;wJh oabmuvnf;

tjrJ&Sdwmvm;? r&Sdwmvm;/ (r&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ at;yloabmtjrJr&Sdwm? twnfwusr&Sdwmudk tedpö? 'ku©?

tewå/ a[m-r&Sdwmudk (tedpö? 'ku©? tewåygbk&m;)/ tJ'D tedpö? 'ku©? tewå qkdwm wjcm;ajymwmvm;?

0dyóemÓmPfajymaewmvm;/ (0dyóem ÓmPfukd ajymwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D twnfwusr&Sdoabmav;udk

jrifatmifMunfh&w,f/ tJ'D r&Sdoabm av;udk jrifatmifMunfhwJhtcgusawmh 'um? 'umrwkdY ½Iwmuawmh

odyfrcufbl;As/ tJ'DOpömudk oabmaygufem;vnfNyD;awmh udk,fhukd,fudk oHo,uif; oGm;atmif odzdk Y

odyfta&;BuD;w,f/

tJ'Dawmh-tif;-q&muawmh oifawmhoifw,f/ udk,fu oabmÓmPf rjynfhwJhtcgusawmh tif tajymu?

[kwfawmh [kwfom;yJ/ wu,fMunhfwJhtcgusawmhvnf; [kwfrS[kwfyghrvm;? aMomf-jzpfoGm;a&m/ tJ'Dawmh

[kwfrS[kwfyghrvm; jzpfoGm;wm[m 0dpdudpäm/ bmwJhvJ/ (0dpdudpäm ygbk&m;)/ r*fwm; zdkvfwm;jzpfNyD/ 'Db0

r*fÓmPf zdkvfÓmPf r&awmhbl;/ oGm;NyD/ b,folu wm;vkdufwmvJ/ (0dpdudpämu wm;wmygbk&m;)/ 0dpdudpäm

qdkwm pmvdkajymwm? jrefrmvdkqkdawmh [kwfyghrvm;? rSefyghrvm;qkdwJh oHo,pdwfudk ajymwmyg/ tJ'DoHo,pdwfudk

&Sif;EdkifzdkYtwGufudk 'DrSm 'um? 'umrawG aoaocsmcsm obm0usus om"ueJU tm*reJY aoaocsmcsmyHkjyNyD;awmh

&Sif;&wm/

&wemtppf&wemtppf&wemtppf&wemtppf&wemtppf

'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wdkY ,ckoifwef;w&m;udk a[mw,f? oifwef; w&m;udk emwJhtcgrSm ,kwå d&SdrSaemf/

,kwåd 3-rsdK;&Sdw,f/ 'gav; A[kokw rSwfxm;ygOD;/ a,m*Da[mif;awGqkd rajymawmhbl;/ a,m*DopfawGygaevdkY-

[kwfvm;/

(1) tm*r,kwåd?

(2) om"u ,kwåd?

(3) obm0 ,kwåd/

,kwåd 3-rsdK;&Sdw,f/ 'Dawmh tm*r,kwådqkdwm jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmf jrwfBuD; a[mawmfrlwJh "r®u©Emaygif;

&Spfaomif;av;axmif ygVdawmfawG[m tm*r,kwådawGyJ/ tJ'gawGu oufaocHtaxmuftxm; awGaygh/ aus;Zl;&Sif

155


rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a[moGm;wJhtcgusawmh qEéokwåef axmufNyD;awmh ygVdawmfeJYa[moGm;wm/ ygVdawmfu

'Dvdk vmw,f/ t|uxmu 'Dvdkvmw,fqdkwm tm*r,kwå dawGaygh/

tJ'DawmhrS &SifqE´u 'Dvkdtm;xkwfvkdY 'Dvdk&w,f? 'Dvkdtm;rxkwfvdkY 'gav;rvkyfvdkY 'Dvkdr&bl;qkdNyD;awmh

om"ujyra[mbl;vm;/ 'g-om"u ,kw å dvkdY ac:w,f/

NyD;awmhrS aumif;NyD-tJ'Dtwdkif; vufcHNyD; vrf;rqHk;eJY olrsm; yg;pyfzsm; vrf;rqHk;eJU? udk,fhcEmxJ udk,f½I?

udk,fhcEmxJ udk,fMunfh? aoaocsmcsm cEmÓmPfa&muf tm;xkwfqkdNyD;awmh wu,fh obm0usus rjybl;vm;/

tJ'Dvkd obm0ukd a,m*DwdkYjrifrS oabm[kwfrS avmukwfudk;/ 'Dawmh oabmeJYobm0udkjrifrS avmukwå&mÓmPfudk

&r,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if obm0udk½I qdkwmu cEmxJ MunfhvkdufwJh tcgusawmh 'um? 'umrawG? a,mufsm;?

rdef;rawGUwmvm;? ylwmawGUwmvm;/ (ylwmawGUwmygbk&m;)/ ig ylwmvm;? ½kyfu ylaewmvm;/ (½kyfu

ylaewmygbk&m;)/ ig rygbl;? ig r&Sdbl;/ a,mufsm; r&Sdbl;/ rdef;r r&Sdbl;/ ylwJhoabmyJ &Sdw,f/ ylwJh oabm

udkifjyvkdY &rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tJ'D ylwJhoabm b,fa&muf oGm;ovJqdkwm tMunfhudk rcHbl;/ ylw,f r&Sdawmhbl;/

at;w,f r&Sdawmhbl;/ awmifhwif;w,f r&Sdawmhbl;/ vIyf&Sm;w,f r&Sdawmhbl;/ aemufqHk; y&rwfoabmeJY r&Sd?

r&Sd? r&Sd 'gudkjrifatmif ½I&if &SdNyD;awmhrS r&Sdbl;vdkYjrifwm wjcm;eJUjrifwmvm;? r*¾ifeJY jrifwmvm;/ (r*¾ifeJU

jrifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dr*¾ifu a,m*DwkdYtwGufu tJ'g&wem tppfyJ/ bmwJhvJ/ (&wemtppfygbk&m;)/

tJ'D&wemonf w&m;&wem/

"r®H o&PH *pämrd

"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d/

tJ' Dw&m;rS wpfyg; tm;uk d;p&m&S d& J Uvm;/ (r&S dygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dw&m;ud k tm;ud k;&if ,aeY

ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhrSmvnf; Nidrf;csrf;jcif; csrf;omjcif; &ovdk? ao&ifvnf;yJ edAÁmefr&Edkifbl;vm;/ (&Edkifygw,f)/

,ckvnf;yJ edAÁmefudk rjrifEdkifbl;vm;/ (jrifEdkifygw,f)/ tJ'Dvdk ,ckvnf;yJ csrf;omovdk aemufvnf;yJ

csrf;omwJhw&m;onf 'um? 'umrawG olrsm;pdwful;,Of w&m;vm;? vufawGUw&m;vm;/ (vufawGUw&m;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dw&m;rS wpfyg;tm;udk;p&m&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if ]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}} w&m;rS

wpfyg;udk;uG,fp&mr&Sd/

tJ'gaMumifh w&m;udk vufawGUtm;rxkwfMunfh&if w&m;rS wpfyg;ukd;uG,fp&m r&Sdqdkwmudk 'um?

'umrawG&JU tEÅ&m,fuif; ab;uif;wdkuf? wapä o&JaMumufvkdY &GwfwJh tqifhavmufyJxm;wmyJ &Sdr,f/

wu,fcEmxJ ta&mufrydkYbl;/ wu,fcEmxJta&mufydkYvkdufvkdY&Sd&if aMomf- ]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}/

'Dw&m;rS wpfyg;udk;uG,fp&m r&Sdygvm;/ avmurSm csrf;omjcif;udk ay;Edkifwmonf wjcm;vm;? w&m;vm;/

(w&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dw&m;rSwpfyg; 'um? 'umrwkdY bkef;BuD;wkdY udk;uG,fp&m&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'DawmhrS

"r®*kPm tpdEå,m? {0H tpdEÅda, yoEémeH 0dygaum a[mwd tpdE Åda,m a'oemu/ tJ'DuJhokdY ,Hk,HkMunfMunf

av;av;pm;pm;eJY vufawGY cEmÓmPfa&muf oabm aygufatmifom vkd&if;twdkif; tm;xkwf&if rBuHpnf

rEd Iif;,SOftyfwJ h aumif;usdK;csrf;omawG &rSmyg/ 'um? 'umrawG olrsm;yg;pyfzsm; vrf;rqHk;eJU?

vufawGUtvkyfvkyfprf;yg/

udk,fyd ki ftvkyfud kvkyfygud k,fyd ki ftvkyfud kvkyfygud k,fyd ki ftvkyfud kvkyfygud k,fyd ki ftvkyfud kvkyfygud k,fyd ki ftvkyfud kvkyfyg

tJ'Dvdk &Edkifatmif enf;rSef vrf;rS ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f) tJ'Dvdk tm;xkwfzdkYtwGuf

enf;rSefvrf;rSefa&mufatmif a,m*DwkdYudk 'Doifwef;uae aus;Zl;jyKae&wm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ uJ-'Dvkdjzifh&if

'Doifwef;u ,aeYoGm;aewmu wjcm;oGm;aewmvm;? "mwf 18-yg; oGm;aewmvm;/ ("mwf 18-

yg;oGm;aewmygbk&m;)/ tcH"mwfu b,fESpfyg;/ (6-yg;ygbk&m;)/ twkduf"mwfu b,fESpfyg;/ (6-yg;ygbk&m;)/

156


tyGifh"mwfu b,fESpfyg;/ (6-yg;)/

tcH"mwf 6-yg;u jrefrmvdkajymawmh rsufpd?em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf/ twdkuf"mwf 6-yg;u

tqif;? toH? teHU? t&om? awGUxdp&m? BuHpnfp&m/ tJ'guawmh oifwef;rSmaum pm&GufxJrSma&m?

EIwfusdK;aeNyDayghaemf/ odkYaomfvnf;yJ oifwef;u olYxHk;pHtwkdif;om a,m*DwkdY oGm;wmaygh [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh

tcH"mwf-6? twkduf"mwf- 6? tyGifh"mwf-6/ tyGifh"mwfudk pmvdkac:awmh pu©K0dnmPf? aomw 0dnmPf?

Cme0dnmPf? ZD0Sm0dnmPf? um,0dnmPf? raem0dnmPf? 0dnmPf b,fESrsdK; (6-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ uJ-'Dawmh

0dnmPf 6-rsdK;udk 'DaeYajymMur,f/ 'Dnaevnf; owdav;&wkef;-[kwfvm;/

0dnmPfukd 'Dae&mrSm Ak'bmomawGtwGuf odyfta&;BuD;w,f a,m*DwdkY/ Ak'bmomawG[m 0dnmPfudk

NrJwJh t,l&Sdw,f/ awmfawmf rsm;rsm;aygh/ okdYaomf Ak'bmomtppfu 0dnmPfonf NrJwmvm;? rNrJwmvm;/

(rNrJwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzpf&if Ak'bmom&JU bk&m;a[mwmu 0dnmPfonf rNrJbl;vdkY ajymw,f/ 0dnmPfrNrJbl;

ajymwm? ckeajymovdk tm*r,kw å d? om"u,kwåd? obm0,kwå dayghaemf/ pu©K0dnmPf tedpö? 'ku©? tewå/

aomw0dnmPf tedpö? 'ku©? tewåqkdNyD;awmh tew å vu©PmokwfawG rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/ 'g-

aoaocsmcsm axmuftxm;&SdNyD;om;/ tJ'Dawmh pu©K0dnmPf tedpö? 'ku©? tewå qdkwm a[m'D pu©K0dnmPfonf

NrJwmvm;? rNrJwmvm;/ (rNrJwmygbk&m;)/ tedpö? 'ku©? tewåaemf/ 'gudk jzpf? ysufvdkY ac:wmaygh/ [kwfNyD/

tJ'Dawmh tedpö? 'ku©? tew åqkdawmh 0dnmPfonf NrJw,fajymwmvm;? rNrJbl;vm;/ (rNrJygbl;)/

'Dawmh tedpöqdkwmu rNrJbl;ajymwm/ 'ku©qdkwm qif;&Jw,f ajymwm/ tewåqdkwm udk,fhoabmeJU

uk d,fr[kwfbl;/ ol Yoabm olaqmifaewm/ ½kyfuvnf; ½kyfoabm aqmifw,f/ emrfuvnf;

emrfoabmaqmifw,f/ ÓmPfuvnf; ÓmPfoabm aqmifw,f/ cEmuvnf; cEmoabmaqmifaewmyJ/

udk,feJYbmrS rywfoufbl; a,m*DwdkY/ tJ'Dawmh rywfoufwmudk ukd,fu rMunfhvkdYom rjrifw,f/ wu,fyJ

apmifhNyD; Munfhvdkuf&if aMomf-½kyfuvnf; ½kyfoabm? olUudpö olvkyfw,f/ emrfuvnf; emrfoabm

olUudpöolvkyfw,f/ aMomf-ÓmPfuvnf; ÓmPfoabm? olUudpöolvkyfw,f/ 'g-odyfta&;BuD; w,faemf/ ½kyfudpöu

½kyÜwDwd ½lyH azmufjyefaom oabmr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tedpöawG? 'ku©awG? tewåawGay:vkduf?

jzpfvkduf? ysufvdkuf/ 'g½kyfu --olUtvkyf ol vkyfaewm/

emrfqkdwJh oabmw&m;uvnf; NrJwmvm;? rNrJwmvm;/ (rNrJwmygbk&m;)/ tedpöyJ/ ay:vmvdkuf?

ysufoGm;vkduf? ay:vmvdkuf? ysufoGm;vkduf/ olUtvkyf olvkyfaewm/ tJ'Dawmh ,ckMunfh&ifvnf; olUtvkyfolvkyfwm

jrifvdrfhr,f/ tdyfaysmfoGm; wpfa&;Edk;xMunfhvnf; olUtvkyfolvkyfwm jrifvdrfhr,f/ ½kyf&JUoabmu

xm0&Munfhvdkuf&if tcsdefra&G; bmwJhvJ/ (azmufjyefaewmygbk&m;)/ azmufjyefaewJh oabm&Sdr,f/

emrf&JUoabmuvnf; jzpfysuf oabmr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ aemufqHk;awmh ½kyfMunfhMunfh? emrfMunfhMunfh

jzpfNyD; ysufwJ h tedpö? 'ku©? tew åBuD;yJ jzpfaew,f/ tJ'gaMumif hr d k Yvk d Y ? y&rwf oabmqkdwmu

tNrJwrf;NrJwJhoabm&Sdw,f/ oabmw&m; trSef&Sdw,f ajymwm/ ynwfqdkwmu tajymif;tvJ&Sdw,f/ y&rwfu

(NrJygw,fbk&m;)/ ½kyfy&rwf? emrfy&rwf/

[m--t&Sifbk&m;/ ½kyfy&rwf? emrfy&rwfvkdY ajymw,f/ y&rwfqkdwmu rNrJbl;? ckdifNrJw,fqkdwJh

t"dyÜm,fra&mufbl;vm;/ 'DrSmu y&rwf½kyfu tNrJwrf;azmufjyefaew,f/ azmufjyefaew,f/ emrfvnf;

jzpfysufaew,f/ jzpfysufaew,f Opömb,fvdkvkyf y&rwfjzpfrvJ--pum;awGaemf/ a,m*DwdkY oHo,0ifrSmpdk;vdkY

&Sif;ay;rvdk Y/ 'Dawmh-Ekd Yrk d Y 'gu-oHo,0ifwwfw,f/ y&rwfqdkwm[m rSefuefwJhoabm/ azmufvGJ

azmufjyefr[kwfbl;/ ½kyfy&rwf[m azmufjyefw,f? azmufjyefwJhoabm ukd b,fawmhrSrpGefUbl;/ vlrSm&SdwJh½kyfvnf;

azmufjyefaew,f/ ewfrSm&SdwJh ½kyfvnf; azmufjyefw,f/ wd&pämefawGrSm&SdwJh ½kyfvnf; azmufjyefw,f/

pdwfuvnf;'DvkdyJ? olU&JUrlvvu©PmjzpfwJh BuHpnfjcif;? odjcif;qkdwJh oabmukd b,fawmhrSrpGefUbl;/ 'gaMumihf

157


y&rwfu xm0&rSefuefw,fvkdU qkd&wm/ ynwfqdkwmu ckwpfrsdK;? ckwpfrsdK;ajymif;wmayghaemf/ tjzLa&mif

av;qkd;vkdufawmh tjzL? teDa&mifav;qkd;vkdufawmh teDaygh/ tcsdef tcgwkdU? t&yfa'owkdU pwJh

tajctaeay:rlwnfNyD; ynwfqkdwm tajymif; tvJ&Sdw,f/ Oyrm? Vif;wukd wpfcsdKUt&yfawGrSm xkd;yqdwfvkdU

ac:w,f/ ,kefukd trJharmifwJh/ trsm;BuD;ygyJ/ a'otac:ta0:awG/

'Dvkdjzifh cEm&JU oabmu razmufjyefwJhoabmvm;? azmufjyef wJhoabmvm;/ (azmufjyefaewJh oabmyg)/

tJ'DazmufjyefaewJh oabmudk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;pum;eJU ajym&if jzpf? ysuf/ tcsdefra&G; ½kyfudk Munfh

wjcm;awGUrSmvm;? jzpfysufawGU&rSmvm;/ (jzpfysufawGU&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Djzpfysufqkdwm 'um? 'umrawG

owdy|mebm0em aemf/ jzpfysuf qkdwm bmygvdrfh/ (owdy|mebm0emyg bk&m;)/ yl&if ylw,f? ylw,fvdkY

rSwfaewmu owdy|mef/ ylw,fqkdwmu azmufjyefNyD;awmh ysufroGm; bl;vm;/ ylw,f r&Sdawmhbl;/ ylw,f

r&Sdawmhbl;/ ylw,f r&Sdbl; qkdwm wjcm;vm;/ ysufoGm;wJh oabmvm;/ (ysufoGm;wJh oabmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D

ysufoGm;wJ hoabmukd½IyGm;aewmonf owdy|mebm0em/ bmygvdrf h/ (owdy|mebm0emygbk&m;)/

0dyóemjzpfoGm;NyD/

'Dvkdjzifh jrif&if jrifw,fvkdY rSwfae&if 0dyóemr[kwfao;bl;/ bmvJ/ owdy|mef/ Mum;&if Mum;w,fvkdY

rSwfae&if (owdy|mef)/ eH&if eHw,fvkdY rSwf&if (owdy|mef)/ pm;&if pm;w,fvkdYrSwf/ (owdy|mef)/ 0wf&if

0wfw,fvkdYrSwf/ (owdy|mef) awGU&if awGUw,fvdkYrSwf/ (owdy|mef)/ BuH&if BuHw,fvkdYrSwf/ (owdy|mef)/

'Dvkdjzifh rSwfw,fqkdawmh a,mufsm;? rdef;r yk*¾dKvfowå0gu rSwfwmvm;? r*¾if 5-yg;eJYrSwfwmvm;/ (r*¾if 5-

yg;eJY rSwfwmygbk&m;)/ rSwfwJhtxJrSm ½IwJhtxJrSm igyg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/ a,mufsm;? rdef;r

yk*¾dKvfow å0gyg&JUvm;/ (ryg ygbl;bk&m;)/ rygbl;qkdwm wjcm;awGUvdkYvm;/ ÓmPfudkawGUvkdYvm;/ (ÓmPfudk

awGUvdkYygbk&m;)/ ÓmPfb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg; ygbk&m;)/ 5-yg;u aeYwkdif; ajymxm;w,f/ qkdyg/

or®m'd|d?

or®mouFyÜ?

or®m0g,mr?

or®mowd?

or®morm"d/

tJawmh avmutaeeJY a0g[m&eJY ynwftaeeJU ig½Iaew,f? ol½Iaew,f? 'umBuD;awG ½Iw,f?

'umrBuD;awG ½Iw,f? oHCmawG 0dyóem½Iw,f ajymjim;aomfvnf; wu,f½Iwmu ig½Iwmvm;/ r*¾ifu

½Iwmvm;/ (r*¾ifu ½Iwmygbk&m;)/ 'um½Iwmvm;? r*¾ifu ½Iwmvm;/ (r*¾ifu ½Iwmygbk&m;)/ 'umrawG

½Iwmvm;? r*¾ifu ½Iwmvm;/ (r*¾ifu ½Iwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if r*¾ifvkdY odvkdufNyDqkduwnf;u a,mufsm;

rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0g ig ol rjyKwfbl;vm;/ (jyKwfygw,fbk&m;)/ a[m-t½IÓmPfxJrSmvnf; igryg/ 'd|djyKwfoGm;NyD/

bmjyKwfoGm;wmvJ/ ('d| d jyKwfoGm;wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvk d jzif h t½IÓmPfxJrSm ig ryg&if? t½IÓmPfeJ Y

apmifhMunfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmh ckeajymcJhwJh ½kyfukd Munfh&if b,ftcsdef MunfhMunfh b,fvkdawGUae&rvJ/

(jzpfysufawGUae&ygw,f)/ jzpfysuf? azmufjyefaewmawGUr,f/ emrfawGU&ifvnf; (jzpf-ysuf)/ azmufjyefaewm

rawGU&bl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh emrfawGU&ifvnf; wjcm;awGUrSmvm; tedpö awGUrSmvm;/ (tedpöawGUrSmygbk&m;)/

½kyfMunfh&ifvnf; bmawGU&rvJ/ (tedpöawGU&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dtedpöu wjcm;udpövm;/ ½kyfemrf&JU udpövm;/

(½kyfemrf&JUudpöygbk&m;)/ at; tJ'gudkjrifwmonf wjcm;udpövm;? ÓmPf&JUudpövm;/ (ÓmPf&JUudpöygbk&m;)/ olUudpöeJY

oljrifaewm/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY tJ'gukd ½kyfy&rwf? emrfy&rwfvkdY 'Dvkdac:wm/ tcsdefra&G;Munfh tcsdefra&G; jzpfysufyJ

awGU&r,f/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

tJ'Dawmh jzpfysuf½Iwm 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm;zkdYvkdvm;/ (rvdkygbl;)/ olrsm;wkdifyifzkdYvkdao;vm;/

158


(rvkdygbl;)/ rvdkbl;/ tcsdefra&G; x½Ivkduf? ,ck½Ivnf; &w,f/ xrif;pm;&if; ½Ivnf; &w,f/ a&csdK;&if;

½Ivnf;&w,f/ aemufqHk; wydkYwyg;oGm;&if; ½Iwmawmif r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ Opöm&yóm0uar®

orÜZmemum&D ukd;/ usifBuD; usifi,fpGefUwmawmif owdynmeJU½IyGm;ae&r,f/ tJ'Dtvkyfonf a,m*DwkdY&JU

udk,fykdiftvkyfyg/ tJ'Dudk,fydkiftvkyfudk rvkyfbJeJU bHkqdkif tvkyfudk vkyfcJhwJhtwGufaMumifhrdkY bkef;BuD;wkdY 'um?

'umrawG wpfoHo&mvHk; aojcif;qdk;eJUaocJh&wm/ 'Dvkd r*¾iftvkyfu udk,fydkiftvkyf/ bHkqdkiftvkyfudk

vkyfwJhtwGuf? Z&m? r&P&JU vufwGif;uae vGwf&JUvm;/ (rvGwfygbl; bk&m;)/ tck a,m*DwkdY 0dyóemvkyfwmonf

wjcm;vm;? udk,fydkiftvkyfvm;/ (udk,fydkiftvkyfygbk&m;)/ udk,fydkiftvkyfudk vkyf&if tdk? em? ao vGwfr,f/

bkHqkdif tvkyfudk vkyf&if tdk? em? ao &r,f/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

uHypfcs&muHypfcs&muHypfcs&muHypfcs&muHypfcs&m

tJ'Dawmh tdk? em? ao &csifwmvm;/ r&csifwmvm;/ (r&csifwmyg bk&m;)/ r&csif&if b,ftvkyfudk

vkyfMur,f/ (udk,fykdiftvkyfudk vkyf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ udk,fydkiftvkyfu t½IcHeJU? t½IÓmPfwnfhaewJh tvkyfygyJ/

wjcm; b,folUqDurS acs;vnf; racs;&bl;/ iSm;vnf; riSm;&bl;/ 0,fvnf; r0,f&bl;/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dvkd

t½IcHeJU t½IÓmPfeJUwnfhaeEdkifzkdY twGufu t½IcH? ½kyfemrfawGay:wmudk a,m*DwkdY od&rSm/ tJ'Dawmh t½IcH

½kyfemrfawG ay:wmukdodEdkifzkdYtwGufu a[m'DrSm "mwf 18-yg;udk em;vnf&r,f/ tcH"mwfu b,fESyg;/ (6-

yg;)/ twkduf"mwf (6-yg;)/ tyGifh"mwf (6-yg; ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D tyGifh"mwf 6-yg;udk 0dnmPf 6-yg;vkdYac:ygw,f/

pu©K0dnmPf? aomw0dnmPf? Cme0dnmPf? Zd0Sm0dnmPf? um,0dnmPf? raem0dnmPfygbk&m;)/

b,f0dnmPfyJjzpfjzpf edpövm;/ tedpövm;/ (tedpö ygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD? 'g-a,m*DwkdY vufcHoGm;NyDaygh/ tJ'gu

Ak'bmom jzpfoGm;wm/ txufwef;Ak'bmomjzpfoGm;wmaemf/ ' Dw&m ;om rem&&i f

0dnmPfNrJw,fvdkY ,lwm/ tckyJ-a,m*DwdkY &efukefNrdKUrSm trsm;BuD;As/ 0dnmPfNrJw,fvkdU ,lwJht,lav/ odyf&ifemp&m

aumif;w,f/ odyfoem;p&maumif;ygw,f? a,m*DwkdY/ ocsØKif;oGm;Munfh? 'gawGwpfaeYwpfaeY trsm;BuD;awGUwm/

vlwpfa,mufaooGm;w,fqkd&if tJ'D0dnmPfonf jzpfNyD;ysufygw,f/ a[m'DrSm Munfhyg/ ur®b0ypö,m

(Zmwdygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh vlwpfa,muf aowmudk pkwdpdwf usw,fvkdY rac:bl;vm;/ pkwdNyD;awmh b0ypö,m

Zmwdqkdawmh y#doaE/ pkwdqkdwm aowm/ wpfzefqufpyf NyD;awmh b0wpfckjzpfwmudk y#doaEvkdYac:ygw,f/

tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvkdY 'DrSmuaow,f/ 'DrSmu arG;w,faygh/ aow,f/ arG;w,f/ aowmudk bmwJhvJ/ (pkwd)/

arG;wmudk (y#doaE)/ pkwdeJU y#doaE Mum;xJrSm 'DrSmMunfh jrm;av;jyxm;w,f/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh

bkef;BuD;wkdY y|mef;a'oemawmfrSm teEÅ&ypöa,m? oreEÅ& ypöa,m pyfMum;r&Sd aus;Zl;jyKwwfwJh w&m;wJh/

enf;enf;jrifhvmNyDaemf/ bkef;BuD;wkdY txufwef;Ak'bmomjzpfzdkYu 'gawGem;vnfrS txufwef; Ak'bmom jzpfrSmudk;/

tJ'Dawmh pkwd y#doaEqdkawmh 'Dae&mrSm teEÅ&ypöa,m oreEÅ&ypöa,m/

'DrSm ysufw,f? 'DrSmjzpfw,f/ Mum;r&Sdbl;/ Mum;r&SdwJhtaMumif;udk jrm;eJU'DrSmu oufaojyxm;w,f/

a,m*DwkdY rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,f bk&m;)/ a[m-tJ'g om"ujyxm;wm/ 'DrSm-jrm;wJh/ tJ'Djrm;u txuffwef;

Ak'bmomjzpfwJhjrm;/ 'Dawmh 'DrSm aow,f? 'DrSmjzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh Mum;r&Sdbl;/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkYu 'Dae&mrSm

Mum;r&Sdbl;qdkwmu a'oem pOfa&m? obm0a&m aoaocsmcsm a[mwmudk;/ tcsdKUu 'gudk oabm raygufawmh

bmtjiif;yGm;vnf;qdkawmh [m-t&Sifbk&m; Mum;r&Sdbl; ajymw,f/ vlwpfa,muf aooGm;w,f/ 'Db0u ao&if?

[dkb0rSm jzpfw,f/ Mum;r&Sdbl;/ tJ'gu Ak'bmom&JUt,l/ Mum;r&Sdbl; ajymaomfvnf;yJ vlawGaowm

ruRwfbl;bk&m;/ b,fES,fhaMumifh Mum;r&Sd &rSmvJwJh/ jAKef;ceJ y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnf&if tJ'Dpum; bkef;BuD;wdkY

ajz&Sif;p&m pum;vHk;r&Sdawmhbl;/ wGufMunfh 'um? 'umrawG/ tcsdKU ruRwfwJh OpömawG rawGUzl;bl;vm;/

159


vlwpfa,muf aooGm;w,f/ ajcmufvdkufvSefYvdkufwm wpfcgwnf; rSudk raeEdkifbl;Asaemf/ 'gawG

awGUzl;wJholawG awGUzl;MurSmyg/ b,folawmh aooGm;NyD/ trav;-ajcmufvdkufwmudk rajymygeJYawmh/ awmfMum

tykyfeHUay;wmu wpfrsdK;? tarT;eHYay;wmu wpfrsdK;? ukd,fa&mifjywmu wpfrsdK;? toHay;wmu wpfrsdK;-aemf?

trsdK;rsdK; r&Sdbl;vm;/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if tJ'DvdkawG r&Sdbl;vm;qkdawmh &SdwmyJ a,m*DwdkY? &dSawmh Mum;b0&Sdw,fqdkwJh

t"dyÜm,f ra&mufbl;vm;/ Mum;b0 &Sdovdk? tcsdKUt,ltqu tJ'D vlwpfa,mufu aooGm;wJhtcgusawmh

7-&uf rvnfrcsif; tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfu wjcm;b0 oGm;vdkYr&bl;/ 'DtdrfxJrSm wpfvnfvnfaew,f/ t,lawGaemf/

tJ'Dvdk tdrfxJrSm wpfvnfvnfaeEkdifzdkY? aovnf; aoNyD;a&m tavmif; okómefydkYNyD;wJhtcgusawmh a[m-

[kduae yef;csHKav; csdK;vmwmwdkY? ac:vmwm/ cJvHk;av;aumufvmwmwkdY r&Sdbl;vm;/ tcsdKUvnf; wHcGefav;

awG ,lvmwm r&Sdbl;vm;/ aMomf-romydkYNyD; jyefvm&if wpfa,mufu tJ'gav;udk pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf ,lvm&w,f/

tdrfa&mufatmif ,lvm&w,f/ tdrfa&mufwJh tcgusawmh uJ-'Dae&mrSmae? aeqkdvnf;yJ oD;oD;oefYoefY

tcef;av;bmav; ay;xm;wm r[kwfbl;-aemf/

wpfawmifavmuf&S dwJ h wpfayESpfayavmuf&S dwJ h ae&mav;rSm t0wfav;awG cif;NyD;awmh

aomufa&cGufuav;eJY bmav;eJY 'Dae&mrSm aewJh - a[m/ wGufMunfhaemf/ tJ'Dawmh 'um? 'umrawG

pOf;pm;Munfh? olU[molaovkdY 'DrSm tdrfxm;vdkY rjzpfvdkY? tavmif;ydkYwJhOpömudk 0dnmOf 'Dac:vmw,fqkdwm[m?

udk,fu olYukd trdefYay;wJh oabmra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f)/ 'Dawmh bkef;BuD; a,m*DwkdYudk y#dpöorkyÜg'f

oifxm;NyD;NyDaemf/ avmbeJY ao&if (Nydw åm)/ a'goeJYao&if (i&J)/ arm[eJY ao&if (wd&pämef)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

tJ'DaowJh yk*¾dKvfonf aoumeD;umvrSm avmbeJU aoovm;? a'goeJU aoovm;? arm[eJU aoovm;qkdwm

olUtaMumif;ol todqkH; yJ/ okdYjzifh avmbeJUaowJhyk*¾dKvfu b,foGm;rvJ/ (Nydwåm)/ a'goeJU aowJhyk*¾dKvf

(i&J)/ arm[eJY aowJh yk*¾dKvf (wd&pämef)/ tJ-b,folrS u,fvdkY r&bl;/ rdbudkvnf; om;orD;u,fvdkYr&bl;/

om;orD;vnf; rdbu,fvdkY r&bl;/ wu,fta&; wu,fab; b,faoG; b,fom; ru,fEdkifqdkwJh

q&mawmfbk&m;rsm; qHk;rwJhtwdkif;? b,folU b,folrS ru,fEdkifbl;/ tJ'gudk ru,fEdkifwmudk avmuGwfacsmfNyD;awmh

wpfcgwnf; 'um? 'umrawG 0dnmOf tdrfac:vmw,f? ac:vmw,faemf/ ac:vmw,f qdkwm oljyKcJhwJh tavsmuf

uHypfcs&moGm;&w,fqkdwm r,lvkdYaygh/ tJvkd r,lawmh oljyKwJhuHudk vufcHwmvm;? vufrcHwmvm;/ (vufrcHwmyg

bk&m;)/

uHud kem;rvnfMuuHud kem;rvnfMuuHud kem;rvnfMuuHud kem;rvnfMuuHud kem;rvnfMu

vufrcHbl;qkd&if tud&duH y,f? ewfusdK;y,f? ESpfoG,fta[wk/ ed,w rdpäm'd|d NidoGm;NyD/ 'Dt,l[m

'um? 'umrawG ayghayghwefwefav; vkyfvdkufwmaemf/ Ak'bmomawG[m tJ'Dvdk Nidwmudk tJ'Davmuf tjypf

BuD;rSef; rodvdkufbl;/ olYtoufowfjcif;? olYOpömckd;jcif;avmuf tjypf rBuD;bl;vkdY xifwm/ wu,fawmh

olYtoufowfjcif;? olYOpömckd;jcif; tjypfu r*fwm; zkdvfwm; rjzpfbl;/ 0dyóemtm;xkwf&if 'DtjypfawGu

aysmufoGm;Edkifao;w,f/ [kd-ed,wrdpäm'd|du aysmuf&JUvm;/ trav;-oHo&mopfikwfwJh/ uJ-NidoGm;NyD/ bmy,fvdkYvJ/

(uHy,fvkdY)/ 'Dvkdjzifh vlwpfa,muf[m 'ge? oDv? bm0emeJY ao&if wjcm;wufrSmvm;? ewfjynfwufrSmvm;/

(ewfjynfwufrSmygbk&m;)/ avmbeJYaoawmh (Nydwåm)/ a'goeJY aoawmh (i&J)/ arm[eJYaoawmh (wd&pämef (odkY)

tol&um,f)/ tJ'Dvkdjzpfwm Mum;rSmb0jcm;&JUvm;/ (rjcm;ygbl;bk&m;)/ rjcm;bl;/

'geeJUao ok*wdZmwd? oDveJUao ok*wdZmwd? orx psmefeJU ao jA[®mZmwd/ olY[meJUol yHkaoenf;u

&Sif;&Sif;av;&,f/ tJ'g pyfMum;r&Sdbl; jzpfoGm;wm/ okdYaomf rdrdonf tJ'Doabmw&m;udk em;rvnfwJh tcgusawmh

vlwpfa,mufaowmeJU 0dnmPfav;[m tysuf tpD;r&Sd yuwdusefao;w,fqkdwJh t,lonf wjcm;t,lvm;?

oów 'd|dt,lvm;/ (oów'd|d t,lyg bk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/ oów'd|d 'Dvdk NidoGm;NyD/ txufwef;Ak'bmom

160


rjzpfawmhbl;/ oów'd|dNidoGm;vdkY/ oów'd|dNidwJh tjyifrSm olY&JUuHudk em;rvnfbJeJU 'D0dnmOfudk udk,fu

ac:vmw,fqkdawmh oljyKcJhwJh taMumif;uHudk em;vnfwmvm;/ rvnf wmvm;/ (em;rvnfwmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh

em;rvnf&if olonf uHudk y,f&mra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f)/

uHukd y,f&ma&muf&if bm'd|deJUNid/ (tud&d,'d|deJY Nidwmygbk&m;)/ tud&d,'d|dqkdwJh ed,w rdpäm'd|deJY

NidoGm;NyD/ tud&duHy,f? ewfusdK;y,f? ESpfoG,fta[wk--qkdwm ,aeYocsØKif;oGm;Munfh&if 'Dvkd[mrsdK;awG

trsm;BuD;awGU&w,fa,m*DwdkY/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh ac:vkdU&ygh rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tdEd,EdkifiHrSm wpfESpfvHk;

vkyfcsif&mvkyf? a[m ]]*dZÑuk#f}} awmifay:wufNyD; tjypfacsvkduf&if NyD;oGm;w,fqdkwJh t,l r&Sdbl;vm;/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfawGonf bmNidrvJ/ (ed,wrdpäm'd|d)/ olwdkY vkyfaewJh uHawGudk y,f&mra&mufbl;vm;/ uJ wGufMunfhaemf/

tJ'Dvdk yk*¾dKvfawG 'um? 'umrawG uJ tyg,frusEdkifbl;vm;/ (usEdkif ygw,f)/ bkef;BuD;wdkY jrefrmEdkifiHrSm

yk*Hacwfukd jyefMunfhprf;yg/

taemf&xmrif;apm rwdkifcifu txufjrefrmEdkifiHyk*HrSm t&nf;BuD; awG udk;uG,fae&w,f/ tif;tdkif?

cvSJU? vufzGJU? rEÅef? aA'if? "mwf½dkuf? "mwfqif 'gawGeJY 'um? 'umrawG qifpD;? jrif;pD; 'Dvkd twwfynmawGeJY

omvQif tukefvHk;vTrf;aewmr[kwfbl;vm;/ 0dyóemqkdwJh toH rMum;zl;bl;/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

'DawmhrS "r®'óDqkdwJh &Sift&[H &[EÅmudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;onf omoemjyKzdkY oxHkuae yk*Ha&mufvmawmhrS

taemf&xmrif;apmeJUoGm;NyD; awGUwJhtcgusawmh 5-yg;oDva[m&wm/ ygPmwdygwm? t'dEém'gem? umarok?

rkom? ol&mar&, 5-yg; oDvra[mbl;vm;/ umarok rdpämpm&mqdkwJh Opömu wpfjynfvHk;rSm&SdorQ t&nf;BuD;awG

tukef oGm;Nidae wmudk;As/ tJ'Dvkd oGm;Nidawmh &Sift&[H a[mwmeJY &Sifbk&ifBuD;uvnf; rsufjrifeJYawGUwJhtcgusawmh

[m-'Dw&m;rSefvkdufwmqkdNyD;awmh olukd,fwkdifoabmraygufbl;vm;/ tJ'DawmhrS txufjrefrmjynf tukef

Ak'bmomawG jzpfwm/

ewfonfud k;uG,f&mvm;ewfonfud k;uG,f&mvm;ewfonfud k;uG,f&mvm;ewfonfud k;uG,f&mvm;ewfonfud k;uG,f&mvm;

Ak'bmomjzpfNyDqkduwnf;u udk;uG,fp&mb,fESpfrsdK;vJ/ (3-rsdK; ygbk&m;)/ bk&m;&,f? w&m;&,f? oHCm&,f/

tJ'D oHk;yg;ukd ukd;uG,frS 'um?'umrawG or®m'd|dtjrifrSef &SdrSm/ tJ'DoHk;yg;udk rudk;uG,fbJeJY wjcm;udk;uG,f&if

uJ-'um? 'umrawG rSefyghrvm;/ (rrSefygbk&m;)/ ' Dvk d jzi f h&i f ' DoH k ;yg ;ud k ud k ;uG,f&wmu

'ku©cyfodrf;uif;Nidrf;wJh vrf;udk ydkYEdkifvkdY/ bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;onf a,m*DwdkYudk 'ku©cyfodrf; uif;Nidrf;wJh

vrf;udk &SmazGwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;&SifBuD;rkdYvkdY udk;uG,f&wm/ olUudk;uG,fjcif; tm;jzifh edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufrjyKEdkifbl;vm;/

(jyKEkdifygw,f)/ ola[mwJh w&m;udk ,ck usifh&if ,ck rcsrf;ombl;vm;/ (csrf;omygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifh

w&m;udk;uG,f&wm/ ola[mcJhwJh w&m;awGudk usifhaqmifvmcJh wJh oHCmawGudk rudk;uG,f&bl;vm;/ (udk;uG,f&ygw,f

bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fudk,fwdkifvnf; oHCmpm&if;0ifatmif usifh&ovdk 'Dyd#uwfoHk;yHkawGudk aqmifusOf;xm;wJh

vrf;jywJh oHCmawG? q&morm; awGudkvnf; rudk;uG,f&bl;vm;/ (udk;uG,f&ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'grS udk;uG,f

&wm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

okdYaomf tJ'gudk em;rvnfwJhtcgusawmh b,folu rIdif;wkdufvkduf ovJ rodbl;/ ewfudk;uG,fwmawG

bmawGeJU trsm;BuD;jzpfukefwmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh &Sifbk&ifBuD;onf tjrifrSefudk odwJhtcgusawmh wpfwdkif; wpfjynfvHk;udk

rif;rdefYeJU ewfrudk;uG,f&ajymaomfvnf;yJ tckewkef;u t,lawG tpGJawGu csufcsif; 'um? 'umrawG cRwfEdkif&JUvm;/

(rcRwfEdkifyg bl;bk&m;)/ &Sifbk&ifh rif;rdefYeJY rudk;uG,f&qkdayr,fh tdrfxJudk;uG,fwmAs/ b,fES,fhvkyfrvJ - uJ/

vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;bk&m;)/

tJ'DawmhrS &Sifbk&ifBuD;u uJ-ighwdkif;oljynfom;awG 'Dtwkdif; qkd&ifawmh cufw,f/ bk&m;awmh

uG,fawmhrSmyJqkdNyD;awmh [dk;a&Tpnf;cHk bk&m;rSm udk,fvHk;avmuf &SdwJh ewfyHkBuD;awG 'um? 'umrawG vkyf&wm/

161


bk&m;twGif;xJrSm twGif; 37-rif;? tjyifusawmh tjyif 37-rif;? emrnfawG rSnfhcsif&mawGrSnfh? tukefvkyfxm;wm

r[kwfbl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh tcsdKUu ewf0goemygwJholu ewfudk oGm;Munhf&if;eJU bk&m;udk wpfcgwnf; rSudk

vuftkyfuav;csD vkduf&if;yJ ukokdvfr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk jzpfatmif qkdNyD;awmhudk

wkdif;oljynfom;awGudk trsdK;rsdK; &Sifbk&ifBuD; ukd,fwdkif - [kwfvm;/ 'DvkdqGJaqmif,l&wm/ tJ'gudk wpfcsKdUu

t[kwfBuD; xifNyD;awmh 'um? 'umrawG ewfudk;uG,faew,fqdkawmh rcufbl;vm;/ ewfonf udk;uG,f&rSmvm;/

arwåmydkY&rSmvm;/ (arwåmydkY&rSmygbk&m;)/ y,fp&m rvdkbl;aemf -- [kwfvm;/

bkef;BuD;wkdY orEÅm puú0gaVokqdkNyD; tNrJwrf;&Gwfaewm? orEÅm puú0gaVokvdkY qkdNyD; usrf;*efrSm r&Sdbl;vm;/

y&dwfBuD;ygom;yJ/ tJ'g tm;vHk;ewfawGudkyif hwm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ udk;uG,f&rSmvm;/ arw åmyd k Y&rSmvm;/

(arwåmydkY&rSmygbk&m;)/ ewfudk arw åmydkYyg/ Avdewfpm auR;yg/ vSLyg/ a'0wm'gejyKyg/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ bkef;BuD;wkdY

Avd 5-rsdK; bk&m;a[mxm;wm &Sdw,f/ ]]a'0wmAvd}} qdkwm&Sdw,f/ ]]&mZmAvd}} wdkY ]]a'0wmAvd}}wdkY

qdkwmr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ]]ykAÁaywAvd}} ]]tmowdAvd}} ]]rmwmydwkAvd}} ]]&mZmAvd}}

qkdwm&Sdw,f/

&mZmAvdqdkwmuawmh rif;udk tcGefaqmifwmudk ac:w,f/ Oyrm-,aeYacwfumv 'um? 'umrawG

bkef;BuD;wkdY ,ck wkdif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfwJh tcgrSm rD;cGef? a&cGef? tdrfcGef ponfjzifh r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'gu tcGefxrf;&wm/ tJ'gu ]]&mZmAvd}}/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'gudk ausauseyfeyfBuD;eJU vSLygwJh/ tJ'Dawmh

EdkifiHawmfudk tcGefaqmif&wmu tJ'gu 'geajrmufw,f/ tJ'g ]]&mZmAvd}} vkdY bk&m;a[mxm;w,f/ rdbudk

auR;arG;wmvnf;yJ tJ'g AvdyJ/ aqGawG rsdK;awG {nfhonfawGudk auR;arG;wmvnf;yJ tJ'gAvdyJ/ [kd-b0oHo&mu

awmfpyfvmwJh ruRwf rvGwfwJh yk*¾dKvfawGudk 'gejyKNyD; rQa0wmvnf; AvdyJ/ ]]ykAÁayw Avd}}vdkY ac:w,f/

]]a'0wmAvd}} qdkwmu rjriftyfwJh ewfawGaygh/ udk,fapmifh ewfawG&Sdr,f? ausmif;apmifhewfawG? tdrfapmifh

ewfawG trsdK;rsdK;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ or®ma'0ewf awG&Sdr,f/ &SdorQ ewfawGvnf; olUtqifh eJUol

tm;vHk;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'DewfawGudk 'um? 'umrawG 'gejyKvkdY&w,f? trQa0&r,f? arwåmydkY&r,f/

bkef;BuD;wkdY tcka[mwJhxJrSm rvSL&bl;vkdY rajymbl;aemf/ vSLwmeJY udk;uG,fwmeJY wjcm;pDaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'gudka&mNyD;awmh 'Dvdk arTvdkufwJhtcgusawmh ed,wxJ tukef0if oGm;w,f/ 'Dawmh vSLwmu wjcm;?

udk;uG,fwmu wjcm;/ tJ'Dawmh ewfeJYywfoufwJhtcgusawmh udk;uG,f&rSmvm;? 'gejyK&rSmvm; ('gejyK& rSmygbk&m;)/

arwåmydkYyg? vSLygaemf/ tvSLcHwpfudsyfav; acG;awmifygao; qkdwmukd;/ vSLw,fqkdwJh ae&mrSm olUtusdK;ay;eJYol

r&Sdbll;vm;/ 'g-bkef;BuD;wkdY uHydkif;rSm ygNyDayghaemf/ Oyrm acG;udkvSL&if acG;'geaygh/ vlvSLawmh vlU'ge/ oHCmudk

vSLawmh oHCm'ge/ bk&m;udk vSLawmh bk&m;'ge/ ewfvSLawmh a'0'ge/ a[m-olUtusdK;ay;eJY ol&Sdw,f/

vSLygwef;yg 'um? 'umrawG/ bkef;BuD;wkdY ruefYuGufbl;aemf/ odkYaomf udk;uG,f&m rrSm;zdkYudkom ajymcsifwmyg/

bk&m;pifusufoa&,kwfbk&m;pifusufoa&,kwfbk&m;pifusufoa&,kwfbk&m;pifusufoa&,kwfbk&m;pifusufoa&,kwf

'Dawmh rdrdwdkY tdrfawG bk&m;ausmif;awGudk jyefNyD; oefY&Sif;a&; vkyfMua,m*DwdkY/ bk&m;ausmif;oefY&Sif;a&;

vkyfw,fqdkwm udk;uG,f p&mbk&m;? w&m;? oHCmyJ &Sdw,faygh/ oabmygNyDaemf/ tJ'DrSm wjcm; t½kyfawGudk

bk&m;eJY wpfwef;wnf;xm;&if 'um? 'umrawGtwGuf usufoa&&Sdyghrvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ rvkyfaumif;bl;aemf/

&wem 3-yg;&JU teEÅ*kPf&nfBuD;awGudk 'um? 'umrawG OD;xdyfxm;&r,fhtpm; usefwm awGeJU wpfwef;wnf;

oGm;xm;vdkY jzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;)/ tJ'Dawmh tcsdKU'um? 'umrawGu cke 37-rif;wdkY bmwkdY

nmwdkY wpfcgwnf; bk&m;pifeJY wpfwef;wnf;xm;wm/ wpfwef;wnf;xm;awmh 37-rif; ewfqdkwm[m

wu,fhwu,f wGufMunfh&if olUewf&mZ0if Munfh&if 'um? 'umrawG taoqdk;aowJh olawGrsm;ygw,f/

'g-bkef;BuD; tremyajymwm r[kwfbl;aemf/ Oyrm qkdMuygpkdY? tdrfwGif; rif;r[m*D&dvkdY ac:wJh armifwifhw,f[m

162


vlUb0rSm aowmu aumif;aumif;rGefrGef w&m;tm;xkwf ao&wmvm;/ aojcif;qdk; ao&wmvm;/ (aojcif;qdk;

ao&wmyg bk&m;)/ [dkrSm zdkusifxdk;cH&wm/ taob,faumif;rSmvdrfhwkef;/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ a,m*DwdkY ao&if

w&m;ESvHk;oGif;ao&if taoqdk;vm;? taoaumif;vm;/ (taoaumif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ taoaumif;aorSm/

[kdyk*¾dKvfu taoqdk; aowm/ rif;ab;rif;'PfoifhNyD; taoqdk;aowm/ tJ'g ,SOfvkdufwJh Opömudk bk&m;eJU

wpfwef;wnf;xm;vdkY jzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/

tyg,fab;oif hrSmpd k;vd kUtyg,fab;oif hrSmpd k;vd kUtyg,fab;oif hrSmpd k;vd kUtyg,fab;oif hrSmpd k;vd kUtyg,fab;oif hrSmpd k;vd kU

okdYaomf a,m*DwkdY xm;wm rxm;wm? udk,fhudpöeJU udk,faemf/ ta&;BuD;wmu udk;uG,fp&mr[kwfbl;vkdY

ajymzdkYu bkef;BuD;rSm wm0ef&Sd w,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh ,aeYa,m*DwdkY todÓmPftrSefa&mufzdkYuawmh bkef;BuD;wdkYrSm

wm0eftjynfh&Sdygw,f/ 'd|djzKwfwJhae&mrSm bkef;BuD;wdkY ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfudk rydkif&if a&SUÓmPfawG

wufvdkY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ tck[m pum;uawmh wpfqufwnf;jzpfoGm;vdkY aemf/

tJ'Dawmh ta&;BuD;wmu wjcm;udk;uG,f&rSmvm;/ bk&m;udk;uG,f &rSmvm;/ (bk&m;udk;uG,f&rSmygbk&m;)/ okdUjzifh

,ck bk&m;a[mwJhw&m;udk rudk;uG,f &bl;vm;/ (udk;uG,f&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh "r®H o&PH *pämrd ]]"ar®m ar

o&PH tnH ew¬d}} w&m;awmfrSwpfyg; ukd;uG,fp&m&Sd&JU vm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if a,m*DwdkY udk;uG,ftm;xm;&r,fh

w&m;u 'Doifwef;uaejyaewm/ 'Doifwef;uae jyvkdufw,fqdkawmh tckbkef;BuD; ajymaewm 0dnmPf b,fESpfrsdK;/

(6-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ b,f0dnmPfyJjzpfjzpf edpövm;? tedpövm;/ (tedpöygbk&m;)/ NrJwJh 0dnmPfyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/

rNrJbl;/

tJ'Dvdk rNrJwJh0dnmPf&Sdyg&JUeJU vlwpfa,muf aooGm;vdkY olU0dnmPf udk ac:vmw,f? tdrf,lvmw,fqdk&if

tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfonf oljyKwJh uHukd 'um? 'umrawG y,f&mra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f bk&m;)/ uHukd y,f&ma&muf&if

bm'd|d/ (tBud,'d|d)/ ed,w acgif;pOfxJygoGm;NyD/ ed,w rdpäm'd|djzpfoGm;&if 'Dyk*¾dKvfonf wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;?

ty,foGm;rSmvm;/ (tgy,foGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dab;udk oifhrSmpkd;vdkY 'Dw&m;udk xyfwvJvJ aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmh

owday;aewmyg/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ (&Sif;ygNyDbk&m;)/

'Dawmh ckepum;quf/ t&Sifbk&m;u pyfMum;r&Sdbl; a[mw,f/ okdYaomfvnf;yJ vlwpfa,mufu

aooGm;wJhtcg tdrfrSmruRwfbl;bk&m;/ b,fES,fhvkyfrvJ/ ruRwfwmvnf; &SdwmyJ/ 'um? 'umrawG r&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,f)/ wu,fudk ruRwfwmaemf/ okdYaomf ruRwfbl;qdkwmu wjcm; r[kwfbl;/ cke a,m*DwdkY yHkaoenf;xJ

xnfhMunfh/ avmbeJUao Nydw åmjynf a&mufav{uefom/ tJ'DNydwåmawGqdkwmu olwkdYrSm ur®Zd'dawG&Sdw,f/

vludk? tqif;udk jyEkdifwJh yk*¾dKvf&Sdw,f/ tqif;udk rjywm&Sdw,f/ tck bkef;BuD;wdkY a[m'Da,m*DawG Mum;xJrSmudk

Nydw åmawGoGm;vmaewmudk 'DrSm rsufpdeJYrjriftyfvkdY/ tu,fvdkYom bkef;BuD;wkdY 'dAÁpu©KÓmPf eJYom Munhf&if

Nydw åmb,fvdk b,fae&mqdkwm &SdaerSm/ wpfcgwav owdxm; Munfhav/ trIrJhtrSwfrJh vrf;oGm;aewJh tcgrSm

vlwpfa,mufu tem; &Sdef;ceJqdk wdkufoGm;wmrsdK; &Sdwwfygw,f/ tJ'g owdxm;/ tif;- ightem;awmh a&mufvmNyD/

udk,frS rjriftyfwmudk-aemf/ tcsdKUNydwåmawGu vla,mifzefqif;Edkifw,f/ ]]ur®Zd'd &Sdw,faemf/ bkef;BuD;wkdU

ayw0w¬KrSm trsm;BuD;yJ/ tJ'DvdkrsdK; Nydw åmu w&m;emEdkifw,f/ Nydw åmawGqdk wefckd;&SdwJh Nydw åmawG 'Dvdk

y&dowfxJvnf; 0ifemcsifemaerSm/ tJ'Dawmh vlpdrf;awG bmawGvm&ifvnf; enf;enf;awmh owdxm;/

udk,frjrifzl;&ifjzifh 'Dyk*¾dKvfvm; bmvm;qkdwmav/ Nydw åm qdkwmuvnf; ½kyfcsif;wlatmif zefqif;xm;&ifawmh

rwwfEkdifbl;ayghaemf/ tJ'D Nydw åmawG omvQif 'um? 'umrawG jzpfwmqdkawmh cke pyfMum; r&Sdbl;qdkwm

em;vnfNyDaygh--[kwfvm;/

163


ul;wdkUcul;wdkUcul;wdkUcul;wdkUcul;wdkUc

tJ'Dawmh? uJ wpfvufp wnf; qufNyD;awmh ajymvdkufMu& atmif/ 'Drd½d k;zvm t,ltq

b,favmufaMumufp&maumif;vJqdkawmh ckcsdefxdatmif ul;wdkYcxnfhwJh t,ltqawG&Sdaeao;w,f/ bkef;BuD;

'Dpum; ukd ajym&wmu 'd|dawG NidaevdkY ajymaewmaemf/ bmNidaevdkY ajymwmvJ/ ('d|dawG NidaevkdYygbk&m;)/

ul;wkdUcxnfhw,f/ ul;wdkUcqdkwm u jrefrmawG&JU toHk;tEIef;yg/ 'Dbufurf;uae [kdbufurf; ul;wJhtcgrSm

ul;wdkUc ray;&bl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh vlwpfa,muf[m 'Dae&mrSm aowJhtcg usawmh [kdb0udk ul;zdkYtwGufudk

'DtxJrSm p&dwfputaeeJU ul;wdkYc yg;pyfxJ xnfhxnfhay;vkdufwm/

[dk-a&S;wkef;uawmh wpfrwfqdkwm uawmh xHk;pHjzpfaew,faygh/ tck b,favmufxnfhao;vJ/ tckawmh

b,favmuf vnf; rodbl;? [kwfvm;/ wjcm;[mawGom olUaps;eJUol 'um? 'umrawG&Sdwm/ ul;wdkYc uawmh

aps;wufyHkray:bl;/ 'gav;awmh jyifzdkUawmif aumif;w,feJYwlw,f/ t"dyÜm,f? t"dyÜm,f [kwfvm;/ tJawmh

'Dt,ltq[m 'Duae [kdul;&if ygw,fqdkwJh t,ltqr&Sdbl;vm;/ tJ'g oów'd|dAs/ bm'd|dvJ/

(oów'd|dygbk&m;)/ tif; trSwfwrJh oHk;vdkufwmu 'Dtwkdif;yJ pGJxm;&if r*fwm; zdkvfwm;jzpfNyD/ odyfaMumuf

p&maumif;wm/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ-tcsdKUusawmhvnf; vlwpfa,mufaooGm;&if trav;-aemufrvmawmhygbl;qdkNyD; ocsØKif;um;ukd

cJawGeJUaygufvdkayguf rvmeJU--rvmeJU [kdu ocsØKif;u/ cJaygufawmh 'Du romtavmif;xrf; oGm;wJhyk*¾dKvfu

'Dwpfavmif;xJyg? aemufrvmawmhygbl;/ a[m? odyfrMumbl;/ aemufwpfavmif;usvmawmhwmyJ/ a[m

avmuynwfcsuf awG ajymygw,f/ rvG,fbl;aemf/ 'DcEm&Sd&if raobl;vm;/ (aoygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh arG;wmvnf; 0rf;omp&mr&Sdovdk aowmvnf; 0rf;enf;p&m r&Sdbl;/ cEm&JUvrf;pOfu arG;NyD;&ifaowm

b,folrS wm;vdkY r&bl;/ [kduae rvmeJU rvmeJU qkdwmu wm;wJhoabm ra&mufbl;vm;/ bk&m;a[mwm

u tewå/ udk,fubmoGm;vkyf/ (twå)/ twåjzpfjyefNyD/ tJ'gvnf; 'd|d oGm;NidwmyJ/ r*fwm; zdkvfwm;yJ/

oabmayguf NyDaemf/ 'gav;awGudk bmjzpfvdkY bkef;BuD;u a,m*DwdkYudk aMumif;usdK; qkdufwJh tcgrSm &Sif;ae

wmvJqkdawmh t,ltqawGudk 'Dwdkif;om odoGm;NyD;awmh 'Dwkdif;om vufcH xm;&if tukef'd|dawGrjzpfbl;vm;/

tJ'Dawmhqkdvdkwmu 'g rSm;wJht,lawG vdkYodatmifygaemf/ EkdYrdkUqkd&if tJ'DOpömu &,fp&mBuD; jzpfaewm a,m*DwkdY/

'gaMumifh ,aeYavmu&JU vkyfaqmifcsufuav;awGudk odxm;&if 'guawmh rSm;w,f/ 'guawmh rSefw,fqkdwmudk

odzkdYta&;BuD;ygw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/

ESpfckwdkuf? wpfckay:ESpfckwdkuf? wpfckay:ESpfckwdkuf? wpfckay:ESpfckwdkuf? wpfckay:ESpfckwdkuf? wpfckay:

tJ'Dawmh vkd&if;tcsufu 'Dw&m;rSwpfyg; tm;udk;p&m&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ [kwfNyD/ tck 'DrSmu 0dnmPf

b,fESpfrsdK;/ (6-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh 0dnmPfqdkwmu wjcm;ajymwmvm;? pdwfajymwmvm;/ (pdwfajymwmygbk&m;)/

[kwfNyD/ pdwfwpfpdwf ay:wdkif; ay:wkdif; 'um? 'umr awG cEm 5-yg; ayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh Oyrm? pu©K0dnmPf

(jrifpdwf)/ [kwfNyD/ jrifpdwfuav;odoGm;NyD/ odw,fqkduwnf;u 'um? 'umrawG trsm;BuD; ukokdvf&oGm;NyD/

jrifpdwfwpfpdwfay:&if wjcm;od&rSmvm;? cEm 5-yg; od&rSmvm;/ (cEm 5-yg; od&rSmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh a[m'Djrifpdwf wpfpdwfonf rkd;ay:u uswmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ bk&m;ocifu zefwD;wmvm;/

(r[kwfygbl;)/ bk&m; tvdkawmfus jzpfwmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ wef;ckd;&Sifuae pDpOfay;wmvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/

r[kwfbl;qkdwm [kwfwm udk ajymcsifvdkY/ 'Dvdkjzifh r[kwfbl;qkd&if bm[kwfwmvJ/ taMumif;tusdK;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk

oi faewmaem f / bm[ kw fwmv Jq k d awm h ta Mumi f ; tus d K ;[ kw fw, f / bm[ kw fwmv J /

(taMumif;tusdK;[kwfwmygbk&m;)/

164


'Dvdkjzifh&if taMumif;u wjcm;taMumif;vm;? ½kyftaMumif;vm;/ (½kyftaMumif;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

rsufpdonf wjcm;vm;? ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tqif;onfvnf; (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh

½kyfESpfckwkdufwJhtwGuf emrfwpfckay:/ ESpfckwkdufvdkY wpfckay:/ ESpfckwdkuf wmu taMumif;? wpfckay:wmu

(tusdK;)? taMumif;tusdK;/ a[m-y#dpöorkyÜg'fay:vmNyD; taMumif;tusdK;? taMumif;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;?

½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tusdK;onf wjcm;w&m;vm;? emrfw&m;vm;/ (emrfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ taMumif;½kyf?

tusdK;emrf/ 'g- y#dpöorkyÜg'feJU vGwfaomw&m;[lí r&Sdbl;aemf/ tJ'Dawmh ESpfckwkdufvkd Y wpfckay:?

ESpfckwkdufwmutaMumif;/ wpfckay:wmu tusdK;/ taMumif; tusdK;/ taMumif;tusdK;onf wjcm;vm;/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fvm;/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'fyg bk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fqkdawmh bmxl;vkdYvJ/ a[m'D taMumif;tusdK;

ESpfckwkdufwkdif; wdkufwdkif; cEmay:NyD; ckeajymwJh acG;ra[mifwJh cEmvmNyD/ acG;ra[mifwJh cEmu a,m*DwkdY

ÓmPfeJUomod&rJh cEmaemf/ tJ'DcEmudk eHygwfwpf jrifatmifMunfhyg/ tJ'DcEmudk jrifNyD;vkdY&Sd&if apmifhNyD;awmh

Munfhyg/ eHygwfwpf cEmay:wmudk jrifatmifMunfh&r,f/ eHygwfESpf cEmaysmufoGm;wmudk jrifatmif Munhf&r,f/

ESpfudpö vkyf&r,f/ yxrudpöu a[m'DcEmay:wmudk jrifatmif Munfh/ owdy|mef/ tJ'Dvdk Munfhwmudk bmac:vJ/

(owdy|mefygbk&m;)/

'kwd,udpöu cEmay:wmudk Munfhvnf; Munhfvkdufa&m tMunfhrcH bl;? cEmu ysuf/ r&Sdawmhbl;/

r&Sdwmudk jrifwmu owdy|mebm0em/ ESpfckwdkufvkdY wpfckay:wmudk jrifaewmu owdy|mef/ tJ'Day:vkdufwmonf

yk*¾dKvfowå0g ay:wmvm;/ cEmay:oGm;wmvm;/ (cEmay:oGm;wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Day:wJh cEmudk Munfhvkdufawmh

&Sdao;vm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ Munfhwmudk r&Sdbl;qdkawmh wjcm;vm;/ owdy|mebm0emvm;/ (owdy|mebm0emyg

bk&m;)/ r&Sdbl;vkdY ajymwm wjcm;u ajymwmvm;/ ÓmPfu ajymwmvm;/ (ÓmPfuajymwmygbk&m;)/

r*¾ifb,fESpfyg;uajymwmvJ/ (5-yg;u ajymwmyg)/ ig;yg;u bmawGvJ/ (or®m'd|d? or®mouFyÜ? or®m0g,mr?

or®mowd? or®morm"d)/ tJ'Dr*¾if 5-yg;eJYvnf; Munfhvnf; Munfhvdkufa&m/ a[m--ay:wJh cEm 5-yg;u

aysmufoGm;NyD/ aumif;NyD/ cEm 5-yg;ay:w,f/ b,fvkday:vJ/ a,m*DwkdY oHo,0ifrSmpdk;vkdY xyf&Sif;ygOD;r,f/

ESpfckwdkufvdkY wpfckay:w,fqkdawmh tJ'DESpfckwkdufvkdY wpfckay:wmu (cEmay:wmyg bk&m;)/ 'gudk pmvdku

]]pu©KHp y#dpö ½lyOö OyZÆwd pu©K0dnmPH? wdPH Ö o*Fwd zaóm? zóypö,m a0'em}}qkdNyD;awmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f

qufwmaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'gudk q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;u

* pu©K ½lyqHkMuaomtcg pu©K ½lyqHkMuaomtcg

pu©K ½lyqHkMuaomtcg pu©K ½lyqHkMuaomtcg

pu©K ½lyqHkMuaomtcg

0dnmPf "mwfpk jrifrIay:vm 0dnmPf "mwfpk jrifrIay:vm

0dnmPf "mwfpk jrifrIay:vm 0dnmPf "mwfpk jrifrIay:vm

0dnmPf "mwfpk jrifrIay:vm

"mwfaygif; oHk;ck? qHkrIzóm "mwfaygif; oHk;ck? qHkrIzóm

"mwfaygif; oHk;ck? qHkrIzóm "mwfaygif; oHk;ck? qHkrIzóm

"mwfaygif; oHk;ck? qHkrIzóm

jrifraumif;? jrifaumif;a0'em/ jrifraumif;? jrifaumif;a0'em/

jrifraumif;? jrifaumif;a0'em/ jrifraumif;? jrifaumif;a0'em/

jrifraumif;? jrifaumif;a0'em/

* rsufvHk;tdrfwGif; csufcsif;ay:vm rsufvHk;tdrfwGif; csufcsif;ay:vm

rsufvHk;tdrfwGif; csufcsif;ay:vm rsufvHk;tdrfwGif; csufcsif;ay:vm

rsufvHk;tdrfwGif; csufcsif;ay:vm

ig;jzm"mwfpk jrifrIawG[m ig;jzm"mwfpk jrifrIawG[m

ig;jzm"mwfpk jrifrIawG[m ig;jzm"mwfpk jrifrIawG[m

ig;jzm"mwfpk jrifrIawG[m

rMumcP ysufMu onfom rMumcP ysufMu onfom

rMumcP ysufMu onfom rMumcP ysufMu onfom

rMumcP ysufMu onfom

tedpö? 'ku©? tew tedpö? 'ku©? tew

tedpö? 'ku©? tew tedpö? 'ku©? tew

tedpö? 'ku©? tew åå åå åm/m/m/m/m/

vdk&if;tcsufu 'gudk ajymwm/ q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;u vuFmav; awGeJU aqmifyk'fav;awGeJUqdkawmh

'um? 'umrawG rSwf&wm vG,fwmayghaemf/ uJ? 'Dawmh 'Daqmifyk'fav; xyfcgxyfcg qdkMunfhMu aemf/

tJ'Daqmifyk'fav;u 0dyóem½IzdkY tukefvHk; owdy|mef? owdy|mebm0em wpfwGJwnf; oifoGm;wmaemf/

tJ'gudk a,m*DwkdY bkef;BuD;wdkY oabmoGm;eJU ajymvkdufwJhtcgusawmh tJ'DrsufpdqkdwJh ½kyfw&m;ukd cEmeJUajymawmh

bmcEm/ (½lyu©Em)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ½lyu©Emqdkwm cEmwpfyg; r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ 'Dawmh tqif;onf bmcEm/

(½lyu©Em)/ rsufpdeJY tqif;eJY ESpfckvnf; wkdufvnf; wkdufvkdufa&m 0dnmPf wpfckray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,f)/

165


[kwfNyD/ 0dnmPfqkdwmonf 'DrSm emru©Em 4-yg;ygw,f/ b,fvkdygvmvJqkdawmh 'Dtqif;av;udk jrifvkdufNyD

qkdawmh jzL&ifjzLwJhtwdkif;? 0g&if0gwJhtwdkif;? pdrf;&ifpdrf;wJhtwdkif; tqif;av;ay:rSm acsm&if acsmwJhtwkdif;

pojzifh rcHpm;bl;vm;/ (cHpm;ygw,f)/ jrifraumif; jrifaumif; a0'emqkdawmh aumif;wmav; cHpm;vnf;

a0'emyJ/ raumif;wm cHpm;vnf; a0'emyJ/ tJ'Da0'emonf cEmeJU ajymawmh (a0'emu©Emygbk&m;/) a0'emu©Em/

cEmwpfyg;&vmNyD/ jrifraumif; jrifaumif; a0'em/ cEmwpfyg; &oGm;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dvkd cHpm;ae&mu tif; jrifwmav;u 'ga,mufsm;yJ? rdef;ryJ qdkwJh trSwfuav;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/

'Dawmh 'guawmh tjzLyJ? trnf;yJ? tpdrf;yJqdkwJh onmav; r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ tJ'gonf onmu©Em/

cEmwpfyg;ay:oGm; jyefNyDaemf/

tJ'Dvdk wkdufvkdufvkdU 'guawmhjzifh ausmif;yJ? 'guawmh puf0kdif;yJ? 'guawmh rdef;ryJ? a,mufsm;yJ?

'guawmh tusnf;wefwmyJ/ t½kyfacsmwmyJ pojzifh rod&bl;vm;/ (od&ygw,f)/ tJ'Dvkdodwmonf wjcm;vm;?

0dnmPfvm;/ (0dnmPfygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'um? 'umrawG jrifw,f om ajymw,f/ wu,f aoaocsmcsm

cGJpdwfMunfhwJhtcgus&if ig;ck xGufxGufaew,f/ ig;rsdK;awGUawGUaew,f/ 5-rsdK;u (cEm 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ okdYjzifh

rsufpdeJYtqif;u bmcEm/ (½lyu©Em)/ rsufpdeJYtqif;eJYwdkufvdkufvdkY cHpm;wmu (a0'emu©Em)/ rSwfom;wmu

(onmu©Em)/ aphaqmfwmu (ocFg&u©Em)/ odaewmu (0dnmPu©Em)/ 'Dawmh ,ckcEmb,fESpfyg;ay:/ (5-

yg;ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'DcEm 5-yg;u acG;ra[mifwJh cEm 5-yg;/

'Dvkdjzifh tJ'DcEm 5-yg;udk qufNyD; ½IvdkufwJhtcgusawmh jrifraumif; jrifaumif; a0'em/ 'gwjcm;rSm

ay:wmvm;? rsufpdrSm ay:wmvm;/ (rsufpdrSm ay:wmygbk&m;)/ 'gaMumifhrdkY ]]rsufvHk;tdrfwGif;? csufcsif;ay:vm?

ig;jzm"mwfpk jrifrIawG[m rMumcP ysufMuonfom tedpö? 'ku©? tewåmqkdawmh tJ'DcEm 5-yg;onf ,ckay:

,ckysuf/ bmjzpfvJ/ (,ckay: ,ckysufygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gu wjcm;eJUjrif&rSmvm;? ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmvm;/

(ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ,ckay: ,ckysufwmu jrifwJhtvkyfonf udk,fydkiftvkyfyg/ bmtvkyfvJ/

(udk,fydkiftvkyfygbk&m;)/ tJ'DtvkyfrSwpfyg; wjcm;udpörSeforQ bHkqdkiftvkyf/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fydkif tvkyfudk vkyf&if

edAÁmefukd &r,f/ bHkqkdiftvkyfudk vkyf&if 'um? 'umrawG oHo&mrSm trsdK;rsdK;aom 'ku©awG a&mufNyD;awmh

taoqdk; aovdrfhr,f/

uJ-tJ'Dawmh rdawGzawG aqGawG rsdK;awG taoqdk;yJ aocsifwm vm;? taoyJvGwfcsifwmvm;/

(taoyJvGwfcsifygw,fbk&m;)/ taoyJ vGwfcsif&if bmtvkyfvkyf/ (ukd,fydkiftvkyfygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dudk,fydkiftvkyf

qdkwm rsufpdu jrifwdkif; jrifwkdif; wjcm;vkyf&rSmvm;? ½I&rSmvm;/ (½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ ckeajymovdk Mum;wdkif;

Mum;wdkif;? eHwkdif; eHwdkif;? pm;wdkif; pm;wdkif;? trlt,mwkdif; trlt,mwdkif;udk ½Iaewmonf tJ'Dtvkyfonf

edAÁmefudk a&mufzdkYtaMumif;jzpfoGm;NyD/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

u J - ,ae Yawm h ' Davmufe J Yy Jxm; Ny D ;awm h reuf jze fusr S oi fwe f ;qufr,f/ uJ-

qkawmif;arwåmydkYvkdufMu&atmif/

( om"k --- om"k --- om"k )( om"k --- om"k --- om"k )


( om"k --- om"k --- om"k )

d

166









þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeUb,f ES&uf &SdNyDvJ/ (8-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/

8-&ufajrmufeHeuf y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef;w&m;ygyJaemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fqdkawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fwGif oHo&my#dpöorkyÜg'f? cE ¨y#dpöorkyÜg'f&,fvdkY 2-rsdK;cGJjcm;NyD;awmh

avmhvmMuygw,faemf/ (2-rsKd;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh "r®oabmeJUu oHou#dpöorkyÜg'f? cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f &Sdovdk

ÓmPftqifheJU yk*¾dKvfudk vdkufNyD;awmhvnf; olUy#dpöorkyÜg'fol r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ ykxkZOfawGusawmh

ykxkZOf y#dpöorkyÜg'f&Sdovdk aomwmyef usawmh aomwmyefy#dpöorkyÜg'f r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

ou'g*grfuvnf; ou'g*grfy#dpöorkyÜg'f? tem*grfuvnf; tem*grf y#dpöorkyÜg'f/ t&[wår*f? t&[wåzdkvf?

&[EÅmt&SifjrwfBuD;awGuvnf; olUy#dpöorkyÜg'f olU[mol jzwfNyD;om; r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dvdk olUy#dpöorkyÜg'feJU ol&Sdwm[m a,m*DwdkYtm;vHk; bkef;BuD;wdkY odzdkYvdkw,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dawmh

y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk rod&if vlwdkif; vlwdkif; udk,fhudk,fudk b0ifjrifhwmaygh/ wdkYt&yfpum;ajymeJUajymr,f qdk &ifaemf/

y#dpöorkyÜg'f rod&ifbmjzpfvJ/ (b0ifjrif hygw,fbk&m;)/ b0if jrif hw,fqdkwmuawmh udk,fhudk,fudk

rmefrmeawGwufoGm;wmyg/ tJ'Dawmh 0dyóemtvkyfvkyfwJhtcgrSm

ajcokwfykqdk; a>rpG,fusdK;

csdKusdK;EGm;vm;? 'Gef;p@m;o@mef

OD;ESdrf½dkusdK;? rmefudkcsdK;um/

vkYd 'Dvdk bkef;BuD;wdkY ESvHk;oGif;&ygw,f a,m*DwdkY/ (rSefvSyg)/

bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh rmefrmeqdkwJh w&m;[m udk,fhudk r*fwm; zdkvfwm; jzpfvGef;vdkY/ 'd|dqdkwm r*fwm;

zdkvfwm;jzpfvGef;vdkYaemf/ tJ'Dawmh 'd|dqdk&if rmeqdkwm rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/ tck y#dpöorkyÜg'f udk

tckaxmufawmhrSmaemf/ 'd|djzpf&if 'd|Kyg'ef? 'd|dtkyfcsKyfwJhuH? ur® b0ypö,m tyg,fZmwd/ olu 'Dvkdvmwmudk;/

ur®b0ypö,m tyg,fZmwdwJh qdkawmh? tJ'Dvdk tck 0dyóem tm;xkwfaewJhtcg 'gawG [m r*fwm;

zdkvfwm;jzpfaeygw,f/ tJ'Dr*fwm; zdkvfwm;jzpfaewJh w&m;awG[m y#dpöorkyÜg'fem;rvnf&if udk,fhrSm r*fwm;oGm;NyD/

'Db0rSm b,favmuftm;xkwf tm;xkwf? 'um? 'umrawG r*fÓmPf? zdkvfÓmPf &ygOD;rvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/

tifrwef tzdk;wefwJh vlU b0BuD;a&mufNyD;awmh r*fwm; zdkvfwm; tjzpfcH&wm odyfepfemygw,f a,m*DwdkY/

odkYaomf tJ'g bmjzpfvdkY 'Dvdk twm;cH&ovJqdkawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnfvkdYaygh/ udk,fhy#dpöorkyÜg'fudk

udk,fem;rvnfwJhtcgusawmh 'Day:rSm ig[JhqdkwJh 'd|dawG rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 'd|dqdkwmu

olwpfOD;wnf; rvmbl;/ tHkeJUusif;eJU? todkif;eJU t0ef;eJU vmwmudk;/ tJ'Dawmh 'd|da&SUuvm&ifolUaemufu rme

rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,f)/ igqdkwmu 'd|daemf/ igu olrsm;eJU rwlbl;qdkwmu rmeaemf/ igrdkYvdkYqdkwmu

wjcm;vm;? rmevm;/ (rmeygbk&m;)/

'um? 'umrawG 0dyóemtm;xkwfwJh txJrSmudk rmefu wufcsifao;wm/ igu olrsm;eJUwlwm

r[kwfbl;/ ig olrsm;eJU rwlbl;/ 0dyóem tm;xkwfaewm/ a[m-b,favmuf aMumufp&m aumif;ovJ/

0dyóem tm;xkwfwJhtay:rSm bm0ifaewmvJ/ (rmef0ifaewm)/ olrsm;u oDvxdef;wm r[kwfbl;/ iguxdef;aewm/

tr,f xdef;wJhoDvtay: rSmyif rmef0ifaewm/ tJ'g r*fwm; zdkvfwm;jzpfaeNyD/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;vJ/

o'H Oyedó, rmeH ZayÜwd 'd|ð *PSmwd ukd;/ y|mef;a'oemawmfu/ oDvH Oyedó, rmeH ZayÜwd -

167


oDvukdtrSDjyKNyD; rmefawG0ifaew,f/ 'd|ð*PSmwd-'d|dt,lukd,lw,f/ 'Dawmh? a[m igu oufowfvGwfpm;aewm/

olrsm;eJUwlwm r[kwfbl;qdkawmh a[m bm0ifaewmvJ/ (rme)/ oufowfvGwfpm;wJhukodkvfu enf;enf;?

[dku i&J',ftdk;w,fwmu rsm;rsm;jzpfaewm/ ukoavm tukovó - ukokdvftaMumif;cHNyD; tukokdvfjzpfaewm/

odyfaMumufp&maumif; w,faemf/ 'gaMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnf&if tifrwef tEÅ&m,f rsm;vSw,f/ a,m*DwdkY/

&Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh 'Drme[m ae&mwumrSm olu 'ku©ay;wJhrme/ 0dyóem tvkyfvkyfwJh tcgawmifrSyJ

olwufNyD; tkyfcsKyfw,fqdkawmh wjcm;udpöawG qdkwmawmh ajymraeeJUawmh/ ajymraeeJUawmh/ avmurSm -

[kwfvm;/ pm;a&;? aea&;? 0wfa&;? om;a&;? orD;a&;? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? tdrfaxmifa&; tp&Sdonfh

udpöt00awGqdkwmuawmh pum;xJudk xnfhajym raeeJU/ olwdkYyJ tkyfcsKyf aewmyJ/

aemufqHk; 'um? 'umrawG vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwfeJY wpfcgwnf;rSudk 10-&ufwefonf? 15-&ufwefonf?

wpfvwefonf vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwf udk avmuudk pGefUNyD;awmh 0dyóemtm;xkwfawmifrSyJ olu 0if0ifESdyfpuf

csifao;wm/ tJ'Dvdk ESdyfpufcH&&if bkef;BuD;wdkY c&D;oGm;wJhvlvdkaygh/ c&D;oGm;wJhvlwpfa,muf[m vrf;ajzmifhajzmifheJU

vrf;qkd;qkd;rSm vrf;qdk;qdk; qkd&ifawmfawmfeJU a&mufyghrvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;)/ tJ'Dawmh ,aeY bkef;BuD;wdkU 'um?

'umrawG avQmufvSrf;wJh vrf;u acsmacsmarGUarGU ponfjzifh [kwfvm;/ ,aeY EkdifiHawmfu uw å&mawG

cif;xm;ovkdyJ [kwfvm;/ uwå&mawG rcif;bJ csdKifhawG? 0Srf;awG? ql;awG? cvkwfawGESifh qdk&if awmfawmfeJU

a&mufygOD;rvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;)/ tifrwefacsmarGUwJh vrf;uav;udk cif;xm;&if rsufpdrSdwfoGm; 'um? 'umrawG

tcsdefra&G; ra&mufEdkifbl;vm;/ (a&mufEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'DOyrmvdkygyJ? ,aeY bkef;BuD;wdkY 'd|dawG? rmeawGudk a&SUydkif;uae &Sif;&Sif;ay;aewmu y&d,wftodeJU

&Sif;&Sif;ay;aewm/ vrf;&Sif;ay;aewm a,m*DwdkU/ bmvkyfaewmvJ/ (vrf;&Sif;ay;aewmygbk&m;)/ tdk vrf;acsmoGm;vkdY

rsufpdrSdwfavQmuf cvkwfrwkdufbl;/ jrefjrefukd a&mufrSm aemf/ tJ'gaMumifh aus;Zl;&Sif t*¾r[my@dw

rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u a,m*DwdkYudk 0dyóemtvkyf rvkyfrD a&S;OD;pGm bmjzKwf&rvJ/ ('d|djzKwf &rSmygbk&m;)/

todeJU jzKwf&r,f/ vrf;&Sif;aewm/ EdkYrkdUvdkY&Sd&if 0dyóemqdkwmuawmh vrf;avQmufwmeJY wlw,f/ a&SUrSm

rmeawGeJU 'd|dawGeJU? yumoeawGeJU ponfjzifh 'gawGu cvkwfuefoif;awGeJU csdKifhawG? 0Srf;awG? urluxpfawGeJU

rwlbl;vm;/ (wlygw,fbk&m;)/

cE¨mt&S dÓPftodcE¨mt&S dÓPftodcE¨mt&S dÓPftodcE¨mt&S dÓPftodcE¨mt&S dÓPftod

'Dvkdjzifh tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfonf oloGm;csifwJhae&mawmfawmfeJY a&mufyghrvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;)/ tJ-vrf;ckvwfwif

wpfckcktaMumif; aMumifheJUrsm; &yfoGm;&if odkYr[kwf aooGm;&if 'um? 'umrawG cufOD;r,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

'gaMumifhrdkYvkdY q&maumif;eJUawGU&if t½kPfwufw,fqkdwJh pum;t&? 0dyóem tvkyfrvkyfrD? a&S;OD;pGm

wjcm;tvkyfvkyfwmvm;/ vrf;&Si f;ae&wmvm;/ (vrf;&Si f;ae&wmygbk&m;)/ vrf;&Si f;w,fqd kwm?

wjcm;em;vnf&rSmvm;? cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSmvm;/ (cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&rSmyg bk&m;)? uJ 'Dawmh

cEy#dpöorkyÜg'fudk raeUuvnf;pcJhNyDaemf/ cyfoGufoGufuav; oGm;vdkuf&atmif/ tcsdefu awmfawmfudk enf;vmNyD

aemf/ 'DaeU 8-&uf qdkawmh 9-&uf? 10-&uf/ tif; reufjzef wpf&ufyJ y#dpöorkyÜg'fuoifEdkifawmhrSm/

reufjzefqdkawmifrSyJ? ckvdk ususee axmufEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/ [kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh olodoifh odxdkufwJhw&m;

awGu trsm;BuD;usefao;w,f/ bkef;BuD;vnf; 'Dpcef;yGJ tukefra[mEdkifbl;/ a,m*DwdkYudk tukefvHk; a[mae&ifvnf;yJ

tukefvHk; rSwfrdcsifrS rSwfrdr,f/

'gaMumifh q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u rdefUoGm;wmuav; bkef;BuD;wdkY toJpGJxm;w,f/

&ufom;av;&SdwJhuav;i,f i,fav;udk rdcifu xrif;cGHUawmh? 'um? 'umrawG xrif;vkyfBuD; cGHUvdkY&yghrvm;/

168


(r&ygbl;)/ rdcifvkyfwJh yk*¾dKvfu wpfcgwnf;0g;NyD;awmhrS 'DvdkrsdK;av; acsmacsmarGUarGU enf;enf;av; 'DvdkcGHUrS

uav;yg;pyfeJU jzpfrSmaygh/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'g-- Oyrmaemf/

tJ'D OyrmvdkyJwJh 'um? 'umrawG/ 'um? 'umrawG&JU yg;pyfeJU wlwJh ÓmPf[m uav;i,fvkdyJwJh/

tJ'Dvdk tifrwef av;eufvSwJh w&m;BuD;awGudk wpfcgwnf; a[mvdkufvdkY&Sd&if uav;[dkrSm pm;ydk;eifhNyD;awmh

vnfacsmif;xJ qdkUNyD;awmh aoovdk? bmrS odrSmr[kwfbl;wJU/ q&mawmf ay;oGm;wJh Oyrmudk bkef;BuD;wkdY

toJpGJygw,f/ 'gaMumifh w&m;qdkwm wpfvHk;wnf;od&if udpöNyD;oGm;NyD/ trsm;BuD; od&ifydkraumif;bl;vm;/

(aumif;ygw,f)/ odkYaomf wpfvHk;wnf; od&ifawmifrSyJ? udpöNyD; w,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkYvnf; tifrwef y|mef;&Gwf?

bm&Gwf? tifrwef 0goem xHkcJhw,f/ ckvnf; &GwfaewmygyJ/ 'Dawmh aoaocsmcsm av;av;pm;pm; vkyf&if

rif;uGm - tm½Hkompl;pl;pd kufpd kufvkyf wpfypönf;xJeJUudpöNyD;w,fuG/ qkdvdkwmu tukefvHk;&Gwfaevdk Y

&Sd&ifawmhaumif;ygw,f/ wu,f av;av;eufeuf vkyf&if? wpfypönf;wnf;eJU udpöNyD;w,fvdkY q&mawmfu

jcHKajymoGm;wmaygh/

ckvnf;yJ a,m*DwdkY y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemrSm t0dZÆmwpfvHk;udk &Sif;oGm;&if vkd&if;ra&mufbl;vm;/

(a&mufygw,f)/ t0dZÆmwpfvHk; &Sif;zdkY qdkwmuvnf; aovkarsmyg;vkyfae&wm/ (rSefvSyg)/ t0dZÆmav; wpfvHk;

&Sif;oGm;&if jyD;ygw,f qkdayrJhvnf; tJ'DwpfvkH;av; r&Sif;vkdU wpfoufvkH;? wpfoHo&mvkH; tyg,fuae

rvGwfcJhwmaygh/ (rSefvSyg)/ ,aeY 'Dw&m;awGudk 'Davmufxdatmif BudK;BudK;pm;pm;ajymaewm? BudK;BudK;pm;pm;

tm;xkwf aewmu t0dZÆmu bmjzpfzdkYvJ/ (0dZÆmjzpfzdkYygbk&m;)/ 0dZÆmjzpf&ifNyD;NyDom ajymwm/ "r®u©Emaygif;

tJ'DxJtukefygoGm;wmudk;/ vkd&if;omNyD;w,fvdkY jcHKajymvdkufwmaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

uJ -- tJ'Dawmh cEy#dpöorkyÜg'fem;vnfzdkY ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,fbk&m;)/ uJ--cEy#dpöorkyÜg'fudk

raeUu em;vnfcJhNyD/ jrefrmvdk ajymr,f/ rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf/ b,fESpfrsKd; (6-rsdK; ygbk&m;)/

'gu y&d,wfeJU pmoifaeawm a,m*DwdkY/ bmomoem ac:ygvdrfh/ (y&d,wfomoemygbk&m;)/ tvum;ae&if

'Domoemrudef; bl;/ pm;a&;? aea&;? 0wfa&;? om;a&;? orD;a&;? usef;rma&;awG a&SU wef;wifae&if

'Domoemudef;yghrvm;/ (rudef;ygbl;bk&m;)/ a[m -- 0rf;omp&maumif;vdkufwm/ ,aeU reuf a,m*DwdkY

rdrdwdkY&JU ESvHk;tdrfrSm y&d,wfomoem udef;oGm;NyD/ tJ'D y&d,wf omoemudef;oGm;wmu tukodkvfvm;? ukodkvfvm;/

(ukodkvfygbk&m;)/ "r®'geukodkvfaemf/ oA Á'geH "r®'geH Zdemwd qdkawmh ½dk;½dk;ukodkvfawGxuf tjrifhqHk;

ukodkvfr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ ½dk;½dk;'geukodkvf? oDvukodkvfawGxuf ,ck "r®'geukodkvfonf rjrwfbl;vm;/

(jrwfygw,fbk&m;)/ aMomf ,aeUreuf tjrwfqHk;ukodkvfav; &oGm;NyD/ bmjzpfvdkY&wmvJ/ (y&d,wfomoemudef;vdkY)/

y&d,wfomoemqdkwm cEmt&Sd ÓmPftodeJU udkufr,f/ 'Dw&m; awGudk emaevdkY? a[maevdkY &GwfaevdkYaygh/

&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif; ygw,fbk&m;)/ odkYaomf tJ'D omoemudef;½HkeJU edAÁmefudk jrifEdkifyghrvm;/ (rjrifEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/

wpfqifhwuf&rSmayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh edAÁmefudk jrifEdkifzdkYudk 'um? 'umrawG avScg;xpfwuf&rSmayghaemf/ tJ? ,ck

avScg;xpf wpfqifhcsif;? wpfqifhcsif; wufMuygpdkU&JUaemf/ ,ck- 'DrSm pmtaeeJU oifvdkufawmh tcH"mwfu

b,fESpfyg;vJ/ (6-yg; ygbk&m;)/ tcH"mwf 6-yg;qdk&if twdkuf"mwf b,fESpfyg; (6-yg;yg bk&m;)/ uJ twdkuf"mwf

6-yg;udkajymyg/

(1) tqif;

(2) toH

(3) teHU

(4) t&om

(5) awGUxdp&m

(6) MuHpnfp&m/

169


b,fESpfrsdK; (6-rsdK;)/ raeUuwnf;u 'Doifwef;pNyD;NyDayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh eHygwf 2 tuGufxJu tck

oVm,ewudk&Sif;aeygw,f/ bmudk &Sif;aewmvJ/ (oVm,weygbk&m;)/ oVm,werSmtm,wetwGif;-6?

tjyifu-6qdkawmh 12-yg; raebl;vm;/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ pmxJrSm oVm,we 12-yg;rSm twGif; 6-

yg;udkMunfhvdkufawmh a[m'D puf0dkif;xJrSm &Sdwmvm;/ udk,fhrSm &Sdaewmvm;? (udk,fhrSm &Sdaewmyg bk&m;)/

udk,fhrSm om&Sdaew,f/ odudk rodbl; wpfcgrSudk/ wpfcgrSvnf; rodbl;/ oVm,we rSef;vnf; rodbl;/

cE¨mrSef;vnf;rod/ ½kyfrSef;vnf; rod/ emrfrSef;vnf;rod/ tJ'Dvdk rodbl;qdkawmh r&SdvdkY rodwmvm;? &Sdae&ufeJU

rodwmvm;/ (&Sdae&ufeJU rodwmygbk&m;)/ pOf;pm;Munfh/ bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU 'um? 'umrawG b,favmufrsm;

tçvdkufovJqdkwmaemf/ 'DrSm wu,f xifxif&Sm;&Sm;BuD; &SdaeygvsufeJU rodbl;? rjrifbl;qdkawmh Asm/ uJ--

udk,fhavmuf tçw,f vl&SdygOD;rvm;? udk,fhavmuf tçwJhol r&Sdbl;/ twlvnf;aeao;w,faemf/ twlaeNyD;awmh

rodbl;qdkawmh tifrwef qdk;aeygw,f/ 'g[m q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; 'Dvdkay:vGifatmif ajymvdkufawmh

wpfoufvHk;pGJoGm;NyDaygh/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh rsufpdonf wjcm;rSm&Sdwmvm;? udk,fhrSm&Sdwmvm;/ (udk,fhrSm&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ ½kyfeJUemrfeJU cGJ&if

bmajymrvJ/ (½kyf)/ em; b,frSm&Sd/ (udk,fhrSm&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ ½kyfvm;? emrfvm;/ (½kyf)/ ESmacgif;b,frSm&Sd/

(udk,fhrSm&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ ½kyfvm;? emrfvm;/ (½kyf)/ vQmb,frSm&Sd (udk,frSm&Sdwmygbk&m;)/ ½kyfvm;? emrfvm;/ (½kyf)/

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emrfvm;/ (½kyf)/ pdwfvnf;b,frSm&Sd/ (udk,fhrSm&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ ½kyfvm;? emrfvm;/ (emrf)/ 'Dvdkjzifh ½kyf&,f?

emrf&,f/ 'Dvdkjzifh wpfudk,fvHk; wpfxnfvHk;rSm 'D 6-rsdK;uvGJvdkY wjcm;bm&SdvJ/ (bmrS r&Sdygbl;)/ emrnfawGwyfNyD;

ac:csifovdk ac:aewm/ 32-aum|mo? 42-aum|mo ac:csifovdkac:vdkYaewm? tm;vHk;&Sdwmu 'D 6-rsdK;yJ

&Sdw,f/ b,fESpfrsdK;&SdwmvJ/ (6-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh tJ'D 6-rsdK;udk a,mufsm;vnf; 'D 6-rsdK;yJaemf/ rdef;r vnf; 'D 6-rsdK;yJ/ 'D6-rsKd;udkyJ a,mufsm;&,f

rdef;r&,f? taz&,f tar&,f? om;&,f orD;&,f? ZeD;&,f cifyGef;&,f rac:&bl;vm;/ (ac:&ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dvdk [kduac:a0:aewmu ynwfw&m;awG/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if tJ'Dynwfw&m;awG qdkwmu oHk;½Hkav; omvQif

ajymvdkYqdkvdkYom &wm/ wu,f&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ wu,f trSefr&Sdbl;/ xifxif&Sm;&Sm;r&Sdbl;/ wu,f

xifxif&Sm;&Sm;&Sdaewmonf wjcm;w&m; awGvm; ½kyfeJU emrfeJUvm;/ (½kyfeJUemrfeJUygbk&m;)/ 'D 5-rsdK;u ½kyf?

'DwpfrsdK;u emrf/ tJ'gawGodNyDqkd&if a,m*DwdkY bk&m;yGifhoGm;NyD/ bmjzpfoGm;wmvJ/ (bk&m;yGifhoGm;wmygbk&m;)/

tJ'gav; odwmaemf/ bmjzpfvkdY 'gav;odwm bk&m;yGifhoGm;vJqdkawmh ½kyfudkodawmh ½ly y&dapä'ÓmPf/ bmygvdrfh/

(½lyy&dapä'ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ emrfudkodawmh emr y&dapä'ÓmPf/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if ½kyfeJUemrfudkod&if bmÓmPf&/ (emr½lyy&dapä'

ÓmPf)/ tJ'g bk&m;wpfql wpfqlyGifhrSodwJhÓmPf/ 'Dvdkjzifh udk,fhwpfudk,f vHk; wpfxnfvHk;udk rsufpdav;

rSdwfMunfhvdkuf&if ½kyfeJUemrfyJ/ 'g&Sdygvm; vdkY jrif&rSmuwjcm;eJUjrif&rSmvm;/ ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfeJU jrif&

rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk ÓmPfeJUtjrifonf 'g y&rw¬w&m;/ tjrJwrf;&SdaewJh w&m;aemf/ tcsdefra&G;Munfh/ ½kyfeJUemrfuvGJvdkY

wjcm;bm&SdvJ/ bmrS r&Sdygbl;/

a,musfm; rdef;rqdkwm 'um? 'umrawG tajymom&Sdwm/ wu,fMunfhvdkufawmh a,musfm;awGU&rSmvm;?

½kyfeJUemrf awGU&rSmvm;/ (½kyfeJUemrfawGU&rSmygbk&m;)/ ½kyfeJUemrf awGU&r,fqdkwmu wjcm;eJUjrif& rSmvm;?

ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ ESvHk;oGif;wwfzdkY odyfta&;BuD;vGef;vdkY xyfwvJvJ aus;Zl;jyKaewmaemf/

(rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dvdk ESvHk;oGif;vdkufNyD qdkawmh? aMomf - ½kyfeJUemrfyJvdkY ydkif;jcm;odvdkuf awmh emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf&oGm;NyD/

emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf ½kyfeJUemrfudk ydkif;jcm;rod&if bmtjypfoifhrvJ? ½kyfeJUemrfudkydkif;jcm;od&if bmtusdK; &rvJqdkwm

a,m*DwdkY cGJjcm;odzdkYvdkygw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ a[m'D½kyfeJU a[m'Demrfudk udk,fhwpfudk,fvkH; wpfxnfvHk;rSmydkif;jcm;cGJjcm;NyD;

rod&if tEykxkZOfqdkwmuawmh arQmfvifhcsuf r&Sdbl;ajymwm/ ausmufcJ a&usajymwm/

170


t0wf0wf&if;ckepfpOfwef;t0wf0wf&if;ckepfpOfwef;t0wf0wf&if;ckepfpOfwef;t0wf0wf&if;ckepfpOfwef;t0wf0wf&if;ckepfpOfwef;

ausmufcJa&uswm ay:½kd;xHk;pH&S d&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ tE ¨ ykxkZOf ao tyg,fyJusr,f/

odyfta&;BuD;ygw,faemf/ 'g vkd&if;jcHK ajymvdkufwm/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if ½kyfeJUemrfudk ,ckw&m;awG emvdkufvdkY w&m;awG

em½Hkav;eJUyJ ½kyfeJUemrfudkod&if uvsmPykxkZOfjzpfoGm;NyD/ ykxkZOfawmh ykxkZOfyJ 'um? 'umrawG/ 'gayr,fh

½kyfeJUemrfudkodwJh ykxkZOfaygh/ tJ'D ykxkZOfu tyg,fudk uscsifusr,f/ ruscsifrusbl;/ [dk tE usawmh usr,f/

uvsmPykxkZOfusawmh uscsifusr,f/ ruscsifrusbl;/ bmjzpfvdkY 'Dvdk ESpfcGajym&wmvJqdkawmh ol]]r&PmoEéaZm}}

bmeJU apmr,fqdkwm rodbl;/ aocgeD;umvrSm bk&m;wnfw,f? ausmif;aqmufw,f 'gav; wGufNyD; pdwfxJrSm

0ifvdkufvdkY&Sd&if a[m--'dkif;qdk ewfjynf a&mufoGm;NyD/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

tif;--aocgeD;umvusawmh tif;-- igb,folYudkta<u;ay;& OD;r,f/ a[m-- b,folUqDu

igta<u;,lxm;wm/ ig--b,folay;zdkY &Sdw,f/ b,folqDu &zdkY&Sdw,f/ tjrJwrf;arhaew,f/ i,fi,fwkef;u

taMumif;awGarhaew,f/ 'dkif;qdk vmay:vdkufNyD/ a[m--vmvnf;ay: vdkufa&m? tJ'DtcsdefrSm jzKwfceJqdk

0dnmPfcsKyfoGm;awmh uRwfyghOD;rvm;? (ruRwfygbl;bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh ykxkZOf r&PmoEéaZm[m pdwfrcs&bl;/

aZmrjrJbl; 'um? 'umrawG/ uwdrjrJbl;/

bmjzpfvdkY rjrJvJqdkawmh ckyJav avmavmq,fa,m*DwdkY w&m; xdkifwJhtcgusawmh wpfem&DvHk;

pdwfwnfvm;/ (rwnfygbl;bk&m;)/ b,f a&mufvJ/ rdrdusufpm;wJh ae&maygh/ trsm;tm;jzifhawmh tdrfa&mufMurSm

rsm;ygw,f/ ukrÜPDydkif&SifawGqdk ½Hk;a&mufaevm; rodbl;/ ta&mif;t0,f orm;awG/ odwJhtcgusawmh

qifjcifvdkY&wmaygh/ 'gaMumifh oHk;wwfvQif aq;? roHk;wwfvQif (ab;ygbk&m;)/ aemufqHk; roHk;wwfvQif

acgif;NzD; wmup tyg,fudka&mufrSm/ t0wf0wfwmudk rajymeJU? -- [kwfvm;/ 'um? 'umrawG jyifr,f?

qifr,f? oeyfcg;vdrf;? wpfcgwav bmnm pojzifh vkyfwmu pNyD; ESvHk;roGif;wwf&if b,fa&mufrvJ/

(tyg,fudk a&mufygr,fbk&m;)/ bkef;BuD;ajcmufa[mwm r[kwfbl;aemf/ a[m'DrSm om"ueJU obm0udk Munfh&if

'DrSmMunfh -- um,yom' tMunfqdkwmu 'DrSm oVm,weayghaemf/ cEmudk,frSm t0wf0wfvdkufwm awGUxdw,f

qdkwmu zó/ 'gudk um,Oö y#dpö azm|AÁOö OyÜZÆwd um,0dnmPHvdkY 'Dvdkajymwmaygh/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk

awGUxdNyDqdkawmh zó/

a[m? 'Dawmh cEmudk,frSm t0wfudk 0wfvdkufawmh udk,f [mav;eJUudk,f 0wfvdkuf&if acsmacsmarGUarGU

0wfwJhtcgusawmh acsmacsm arGUarGU tawGUav; rawGU&bl;vm;/ (awGU&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdkav;

acsmacsmarGUarGUav; pdwfwdkif;usav; 0wfvdkuf&if a[m -odrfodrf arGUarGU av; rcHpm;&bl;vm;/ (cHpm;&ygw,fbk&m;)/

cEmudk,frSmaemf/ odrfodrf arGUarGUcHpm;&w,f/ Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;t0wfuav; 0wfvdkuf&if Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;

rcHpm;&bl;vm;/ (cHpm;&ygw,fbk&m;)/ acsmacsm arGUarGU t0wfuav;0wfawmh acsmacsmarGUarGU rcHpm;&bl;vm;/

tJ'Dvdk cHpm;wm bmygvdrfh/ (a0'emygbk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'ftpOfoGm;wmudk 'DrSmaxmuf aewmaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh zó -- a0'em/ cE¨mudk,frSm t0wfwifvdkufNyD qdkuwnf;u o[ZmwtaeeJU oVm,we

zó a0'em/ o[Zmw qkdwm wpfNydKifwnf; ygvmwmvdkYajymwmaemf/ o[ZmwqdkwJh pum;u bmajymwmvJ/

(wpfNydKifwnf;ygvmwmygbk&m;)/ cE¨mudk,frSm t0wf0wf vdkufNyD qdkuwnf;u zóa0'em/ bmygvdrfh/ (zó

a0'em)/ tJ'D t0wfav; cEmudk,frSm0wfvdkufuwnf;u awGUxdoGm;NyD/ cHpm;NyDaygh/ aMomf - 'Dt0wfav;u

w,f[kwfygvm; qdkwm &ifxJrSmcHpm;wma0'em/ cHpm;wmb,fucHpm;vmwmvJ/ (a0'emu)/ awGUxdwmu

(cEmudk,f ay:u) 'Dvdkjzifh&if awGUxdwmu½kyf/ bmwJhvJ/ (awGUxdwmu½kyf)/ cHpm;wmu emrf/ tJ'g a,m*DwdkYu

y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk avhvmwJhtcgusawmh owduyfwJh tcgusawmh aMomf -- udk,fh[mav;eJUudk,f? udk,fBudKufwm

0wfvdkuf&awmh oabmrusbl;vm;/ (usygw,fbk&m;)/ a[m -- t0wfuav; wpfck vSnfhumywfum? MunfhumeJU

oabmusw,fqdkawmh 'Dt0wfuav;udk rcifvdkUvm;? cifvdkYvm; (cifvdkYygbk&m;)/ oabmusw,f/ cifw,faygh/

171


t&yf ajymajymawmh cifw,faygh/ udk,fht0wfav;udk,f oabmusaewm cifrif wG,fwmw,f/ 'g avmb

wPSmvdkYac:w,f/

tJ'Dawmh udk,fht0wfuav;udk udk,f0wf&wm rauseyfbl;vm;/ tdk;- tauseyfBuD;udk auseyfaewm/

'Dvdkaumif;aumif;av;rsm; 0wf&&if pdwfxJrSm wpfcgwnf; pGJNyD;awmhaewmu Oyg'gef/ bmygvdrfh/ (Oyg'gefyg

bk&m;)/ atmf -- ight0wfuav;u wefzdk;&SdwJh t0wfuav;[/ [kwfvm; - ESpfaxmifwefyJ? wpfaomif;wefyJ?

wpfodef;wefyJ[ ponfjzifh tJ'Dvdk wefaMu;&Sdwmav; 0wfvdkufwJhtcg pdwfxJrSm pGJpGJvrf;vrf;eJU 'um? 'umrawG

'gav; t&dyfwMunfhMunfh rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk pGJvrf;aewmu bmac:ygvdrfh/ (Oyg'gefygbk&m;)/

tJ'DawmhrS udk,fht0wfav; a&SUMunfh? aemufMunfh trsdK;rsdK;jyKjyifaewmu (ur®b0 ygbk&m;)/ ur®b0 uHayghaemf/

udk,fhudk,fudk jyKjyifwmu um,uH? yg;pyfu ajymwm qdkwmu 0pDuH? pdwfxJrSm oabmus auseyfaewmu

raemuH/ 'Dvkdjzifh uHrajrmufbl;vm;/ (ajrmufygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh t0wf wpfcg0wfwdkif; 0wfwdkif; 'um?

'umrawG b,favmufajrmufvJ qdkawmh 'DrSmMunfh/ oVm,we zó a0'em wPSm Oyg'gef ur®b0

qdkawmh 'DrSmajcmufrsdK;rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/

t0wfwpfcg 0wfwdkif; 0wfwdkif; b,fESpfrsdK;vm/ (6-rsdK;vm ygw,f)/ ur®b0ypö,m Zmwdqdkawmh 7-

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0wfwdkif; ckepfpOfwef;ygw,f a,m*DwdkY/ b,fepfpOfwef;/ (ckepfpOfwef; ygw,fbk&m;)/ ckepfpOfwef;qdkwmu

y#dpöorkyÜg'f axmufjyawmh ckepfpOfwef;w,fajymwm/ tJ'gudk bkef;BuD;wdkY obm0usus Munfhvdkufawmh tJ'Dvdk

ckepfpOfwef;w,fqdkwm wjcm;r[kwfbl;/ t0wf 0wfwJhtcgrSm owdruyfwJhtwGuf r0wfwwfaomaMumifh

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tJ'Dt0wfuav;ay:rSm oabmusaevdkY &Sd&if b,folOD;aqmifvJ/ (wPSmOD;aqmifygw,fbk&m;)/

wG,fwmaewmu (wPSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk wPSmOD;aqmifNyD;awmh aovdkufvdkY&Sd&if wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;/ Nydwåmjynf

oGm;rSmvm;/ (NydwåmjynfoGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ a[m--t0wfudk rSDNyD;awmh 'um?'umrawG Nydwåmjzpfwm/ t0wfudkpGJ&if

bmjzpfwmvJ/ (Nydwåm jzpfwmygbk&m;)/

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tJ'Dawmh tyg,fudk a&mufw,fqdkwJhtcgrSm y#dpöorkyÜg'f 3-rsdK; vnfw,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ avmbeJUqdkwmu

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zawG aqGawG rsdK;awG owday;yg&ap/ apmapm pD;pD;uwnf;u vSLp&m&Sdwm vSLxm;/ bkef;BuD;tvSLcHwm

r[kwfygbl;/ rawmf [dkrSm 'ku©aemf/ tJ'g cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

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wpfqlMum;rSm t½dk; 13-rdkifavmuf wufw,fqdkwm tJ'DrodwJh w&m;aMumifhygyJ/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ ckawmh

'um? 'umrawG uHaumif;ygw,f/

temeJYaq; udkufatmifay;temeJYaq; udkufatmifay;

temeJYaq; udkufatmifay;temeJYaq; udkufatmifay;

temeJYaq; udkufatmifay;

aysmufa&;rcufyg/aysmufa&;rcufyg/

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(ywfygw,fbk&m;)/ od&if (jywfygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh rodawmh wjcm;Zmwdvm;/ tyg,fZmwdvm;? (tyg,f

Zmwdygbk&m;)/ a[m-odawmh 'um? 'umrawG edAÁmefaus;Zl;jyKr,fAsm/ odkYjzifh edAÁmef aus;Zl;jyKr,fqkdawmh

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0wfcsifwmu emrf? 0wfwJh trlt,mu ½kyf? a[m?0wfae&if;eJU emrfeJY ½kyfudk odoGm;NyD/ emr½ly y&dapä'

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raumif;bl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh 0wfwdkif; 0wfwdkif;u 'Dwdkif; tom;vGwf 0wf&rSmvm;? ½I0wf&rSmvm;/ (½I0wf&rSmygbk&m;)/

0wfcsifwm u emrf/ 0wfwJh trlt,mu ½kyf/ bmeJY bmeJUvJ/ (emrfeJU ½kyfygbk&m;)/ uJ-'Dawmh--vdkufqdk/

*0wfcsifwmu emrf?0wfcsifwmu emrf?

0wfcsifwmu emrf?0wfcsifwmu emrf?

0wfcsifwmu emrf?

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tJ'Dawmh 0wfvnf; 0wf&ao;w,f/ 0wfwJhtcsdeftcgrSm ay:vmwJh ½kyfemrf&JU jzpfysufudk jrifvdkufw,f qkd&if

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173


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yg;vm;/ (cEm 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'DcEm 5-yg;ukd jrifwmudk jrifw,fvdkY Munfhvkduf&if owdy|mef/ jrifwmudk

jrifw,fvdkY Munfhvkduf&if (owdy|mef)/

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tJ'D jrifw,fqdkwm cke cEmb,fESpfyg;vJ/ (5-yg;)/ tJ'D cEm 5-yg;onf ay:NyD;awmh ysuf? ysufoGm;wJhtwGuf

tedpö 'ku© tewå/ at; tJ'gu pmtwdkif; &Gwfaewm/ ,ck a,m*DwdkY tm;xkwfwJh yk*¾dKvfawGus awmh jrifw,f?

jrifw,f qkdawmh jrifw,fqdkwJh ae&mrSm cEmb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ aemufwpfcg jrifw,fvdkY rSwfvdkufawmh

cE¨mb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ yxr cE¨m 5-yg;csKyf? aemuf 5-yg;? tpm;xkd;/ yxr cEm 5-yg;csKyf aemuf

5-yg; tpm;xkd; csKyfoGm;wmu ysufwm/ tpm;xkd;wmu jzpfwm/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if jzpfw,f? ysufw,f/ jzpfw,f?

ysufw,fqkdawmh cE ¨m 5-yg;awGU&rSmvm;/ jzpf? ysufawGU&rSmvm;/ (jzpf? ysufawGU&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D jzpf?

ysufqkdwmonf wjcm;ajymwmvm;? tedpöajymwmvm;/ (tedpöajymwmygbk&m;)/ 'DjzpfysufudkyJ 'um? 'umrawG

'ku©vkdY rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,f)/ 'Djzpfysufudkvnf;yJ? tew åvkdY rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

tedpöqkdwmvnf; jzpfysufygyJ/ 'ku©qdkwmvnf;yJ jzpfysufygyJ/ tewåqkdwmvnf;yJ jzpfysufygyJ/ jzpfysufqkdwm

acgif;pOftaeeJU vdk&if;ajymwm/ tJ'g tedpö? 'ku©? tew å qdkwmu pmvkd&GwfoGm;wJh oabm/

tJ'Dawmh pmvdk&Gwfwmu ukokdvf&w,f? &Gwfyg/ okdYaomf a,m*DwdkYu &Gwf&rSmvm;? tm;xkwf&rSmvm;?

tm;xkwf&rSmygbk&m;/ tm;xkwfwJhtcgusawmh tif; tedpö? 'ku©? tew å vkdYomajymw,f/ jzpfNyD;awmh

ysufoGm;ygvm;vdkY a,m*DwdkY nmPfxJrSm jrifvkduf&if tJ'gvdk&if; tcsufyJ/ 'gaMumifh aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

jzpfysuf½Iqkdwmu jrifwdkif;? bm½I&rvJ/ (jzpfysuf½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ Mum;wkdif; bm½I&rvJ/ (jzpfysuf½I&rSmygbk&m;)/

arT;wdkif;? eHwdkif;? bm½I&rvJ/ (jzpfysuf ½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh MuHpnfwkdif; (jzpfysuf½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

jrifwmonf a,mufsm;? rdef;r yk*¾dKvfawGU&rSmvm;/ ½kyfemrfawGU& rSmvm;/ (½kyfemrfawGU&rSmygbk&m;)/ Mum;wmvnf;yJ

½kyfemrf? eHwm (½kyfemrf)? 'Dawmh pm;wm (½kyfemrf)? 0wfwm (½kyfemrf)/ BuHpnfwm (½kyfemrf)/ tJ'gav; owduyfNyD;awmh

r*¾if 5-yg; owduyfvkdufvdkY&Sd&if aMomf-½kyfemrf? ½kyfemrf? ½kyfemrfvkdY odvdkufawmh 'd|djyKwfwmaygh/ bmjyKwfwmvJ/

(ouúm,'d|d)/ b,favmuf0rf;omp&maumif;vJ/ bk&m;yGifhoGm;NyD/ bmjyKwfoGm;wmvJ/ (ouúm,'d|d)/

ouúm,'d|djyKwfw,fqdkwm i&JrsdK;aph jyKwfwmaygh/ tJ'Dawmh tajccHtm;jzifh emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPfwGif jrifwdkif;?

jrifwkdif; ½kyfemrfvdkY od&r,f/ 'Dawmh aqmifyk'fuav; a,m*DwkdYudk aus;Zl;jyKOD;r,f/ vkdufqdkMu&atmifaemf/

*jrifwmbmwJhvJ? jrifod½kyfemrfyJ?jrifwmbmwJhvJ? jrifod½kyfemrfyJ?

jrifwmbmwJhvJ? jrifod½kyfemrfyJ?jrifwmbmwJhvJ? jrifod½kyfemrfyJ?

jrifwmbmwJhvJ? jrifod½kyfemrfyJ?

jrifod rNrJ? jrifqif;&J?jrifod rNrJ? jrifqif;&J?

jrifod rNrJ? jrifqif;&J?jrifod rNrJ? jrifqif;&J?

jrifod rNrJ? jrifqif;&J?

jrifxJ igryg?jrifxJ igryg?

jrifxJ igryg?jrifxJ igryg?

jrifxJ igryg?

tJ'g obm0 tewtJ'g obm0 tew


tJ'g obm0 tew åå åå åm/m/m/m/m/

*Mum;wm bmwJhvJ? Mum;od½kyfemrfyJ?Mum;wm bmwJhvJ? Mum;od½kyfemrfyJ?

Mum;wm bmwJhvJ? Mum;od½kyfemrfyJ?Mum;wm bmwJhvJ? Mum;od½kyfemrfyJ?

Mum;wm bmwJhvJ? Mum;od½kyfemrfyJ?

Mum;od rNrJ? Mum;qif;&J?Mum;od rNrJ? Mum;qif;&J?

Mum;od rNrJ? Mum;qif;&J?Mum;od rNrJ? Mum;qif;&J?

Mum;od rNrJ? Mum;qif;&J?

Mum;xJ igryg?Mum;xJ igryg?

Mum;xJ igryg?Mum;xJ igryg?

Mum;xJ igryg?




*eHwm bmwJhvJ? eHod½kyfemrfyJ?eHwm bmwJhvJ? eHod½kyfemrfyJ?

eHwm bmwJhvJ? eHod½kyfemrfyJ?eHwm bmwJhvJ? eHod½kyfemrfyJ?

eHwm bmwJhvJ? eHod½kyfemrfyJ?

eHod rNrJ? eHqif;&J?eHod rNrJ? eHqif;&J?

eHod rNrJ? eHqif;&J?eHod rNrJ? eHqif;&J?

eHod rNrJ? eHqif;&J?

eHxJ igryg?eHxJ igryg?

eHxJ igryg?eHxJ igryg?

eHxJ igryg?




*pm;wm bmwJhvJ? pm;od½kyfemrfyJ?pm;wm bmwJhvJ? pm;od½kyfemrfyJ?

pm;wm bmwJhvJ? pm;od½kyfemrfyJ?pm;wm bmwJhvJ? pm;od½kyfemrfyJ?

pm;wm bmwJhvJ? pm;od½kyfemrfyJ?

pm;od rNrJ? pm;qif;&J?pm;od rNrJ? pm;qif;&J?

pm;od rNrJ? pm;qif;&J?pm;od rNrJ? pm;qif;&J?

pm;od rNrJ? pm;qif;&J?

pm;xJ igryg?pm;xJ igryg?

pm;xJ igryg?pm;xJ igryg?

pm;xJ igryg?




175


*0wfwmbmwJhvJ? 0wfod½kyfemrfyJ?0wfwmbmwJhvJ? 0wfod½kyfemrfyJ?

0wfwmbmwJhvJ? 0wfod½kyfemrfyJ?0wfwmbmwJhvJ? 0wfod½kyfemrfyJ?

0wfwmbmwJhvJ? 0wfod½kyfemrfyJ?

0wfod rNrJ? 0wfqif;&J?0wfod rNrJ? 0wfqif;&J?

0wfod rNrJ? 0wfqif;&J?0wfod rNrJ? 0wfqif;&J?

0wfod rNrJ? 0wfqif;&J?

0wfxJ igryg?0wfxJ igryg?

0wfxJ igryg?0wfxJ igryg?

0wfxJ igryg?




*BuHwmbmwJhvJ? BuHod½kyfemrfyJBuHwmbmwJhvJ? BuHod½kyfemrfyJ

BuHwmbmwJhvJ? BuHod½kyfemrfyJBuHwmbmwJhvJ? BuHod½kyfemrfyJ

BuHwmbmwJhvJ? BuHod½kyfemrfyJ

BuHod rNrJ? BuHqif;&JBuHod rNrJ? BuHqif;&J

BuHod rNrJ? BuHqif;&JBuHod rNrJ? BuHqif;&J

BuHod rNrJ? BuHqif;&J

BuHxJ igrygBuHxJ igryg

BuHxJ igrygBuHxJ igryg

BuHxJ igryg




ckeu 0wfwm bmwJhvJqkdwJh pum;u &[ef;awmfrsm;usawmh ouFef;0wfwm/ 'um? 'umrawGusawmh

ykqdk;? tuÐspojzifh 'g 0wfwmudk ajymwmaemf/ 0#fvdkufwmudk ajymwmr[kwfbl;/ 0wfcsif; pum;vHk;csif;u

toHcsif; oGm;wlaevdkY [kwfvm;/ tJawmh t0wftpm; 0wfwmwdkU tdyfwm? aewm xdkifwm apmifNcHKwm

pojzifh 'g tukeftusHK;0if ygw,f/

tJ'Dvkd ay:wdkif; ay:wdkif; 'um? 'umrawG b,fvdkem;vnf&rvJ/ ½kyfemrf/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

'Dvkdjzifh rsufESmopf&ifvnf; bmjrif&rvJ/ ½kyfemrf/ vrf;oGm;&ifvnf; ½kyfemrf/ ae&mwumwkdif; b,fvkdjrif&rvJ/

(½kyfemrfygbk&m;)/ tJ'DvkdjrifEkdifzdkYtwGufu 'Dtvkyfudk tm½Hkpl;pdkufNyD; avhusifhrS jrifrSm/ ravhusifhbJeJU wpfaeYvmvnf;

pm;a&;? aea&;? 0wfa&;? usef;rma&;? om;a&;? orD;a&;? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&;? ynma&; tJ'ga&SUwef;wifae&if

'DvkdjrifEdkifyghOD;rvm;/ (rjrifEdkifyg bl;bk&m;)/ rjrifwmu r&SdvdkY rjrifwmvm;? &Sd&ufeJY rjrifwmvm;/ (&Sd&ufeJY

rjrifwmygbk&m;)/ wu,ftrSef&SdvsufeJU rjrifbl;qdk&if wjcm;vm;/ t0dZÆmvm;/ (t0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmqkd

bmpdwfayguf/ (wd&pämefpdwf aygufygw,fbk&m;)/ &J&Jajymawmh/ tckqkd 'Dw&m;u 8-&uf&SdvmNyD/ t0dZÆmqkd

bmpdwfayguf/ (wd&pämefpdwfaygufygw,fbk&m;)/ &Sif;oGm;NyD/ wpfcsufrS udk,fhudk,fudk b0ifjrifhp&mr&Sdbl;/

tck a,m*DwdkYu 0rf;omp&m aumif;wmu tcsdef&Sdoa&GU 'Dtvkyfav; vkyfvkyfaewJhtcgusawmh a[m-

jrifvnf;yJ ½kyfemrfawGU aew,f/ Mum;vnf;yJ ½kyfemrfawGUaew,f/ aemufqHk; Mum;w,fvkdYyJ odae 'um?

'umrawG trSeftwkdif; jrifaeNyD/ trSeftwdkif; rjrifwmu (t0dZÆm)/ trSeftwdkif; jrifwmu (0dZÆm)/ a[m-

r*¾ifudef;aeNyD/ jrifwmudk jrifwmav; od&if r*¾ifudef;w,f/ Mum;wmudk Mum;wmav; od&if r*¾ifudef;w,f/

a[m-0wfwmudk 0wfwmav;od&if r*¾ifudef;w,f/ aeYpOf aeYwdkif; 'um? 'umrawG udk,fhukd,fudk acgif;jzD;wmupNyD;

jyKwmjyifwm r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ acgif;NzD;wmu pNyD; trIrJh trSwfrJ NzD;&if wjcm;eJUNzD;wmvm;? t0dZÆmeJY

NzD;wmvm;/ (t0dZÆmeJU NzD;wmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmeJYae t0dZÆmeJYao&if b,foGm;rvJ/ (wd&pämefjynfygbk&m;)/ acgif;awmif

rNzD;wwf&if wd&pämefjzpfr,fajymwm/

acgif;NzD;wwf&JUvm;acgif;NzD;wwf&JUvm;acgif;NzD;wwf&JUvm;acgif;NzD;wwf&JUvm;acgif;NzD;wwf&JUvm;

tJ'Dawmh tck bkef;BuD;wkdY aqGawmf rsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG aeYwdkif; aeYwkdif; acgif;rNzD;bl;vm;/

(NzD;ygw,fbk&m;)/ rdk;vif;vm vlwdkif; NzD;&wmyJ/ qHyif&SdNzD;wmyJAs/ bkef;BuD;? oDv&Sifom rNzD;wm/ r&SdvdkY

rNzD;wm/ &Sd&if NzD;OD;rSmyJ/ tukefacgif;&dwfxm;&if 'D'ku©Nidrf;oGm;wmaygh-aemf/ Nidrf;wm raumif;bl;vm;/ tif;?

jyef&if r&dwfeJYaemf/ bkef;BuD;u ajymw,f/ Nidrf;wm aumif;w,fqkdawmh jyef&if tukefvHk;vnf; &dwfraeeJUOD;/

avmuu olU[meJUol wifhwifhw,fw,feJU rvkyf&bl;vm;/ vkyf&w,f/ 'gaMumifh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

odyfta&;BuD;vGef;vdkY? olUwynfhrjzpfwJh a':ykwfudk rdefYw,f/ ]][Jh-rdykwfwJh eif-acgif;NzD;wwfvm;}} vkdY ar;wm/

]][m-q&mawmf bmvdkY rNzD;wwf&rSmvJ}} vkdY q&mwynfhawGu &if;&if; ESD;ESD;qkdawmh-uJ-'gjzifh NzD;jyprf;wJh/

tomav; acgif;udkbD;av;eJU ,lNyD; jyvkdufw,f/ q&mawmfu NyHK;&Smw,faemf/

176


tJ'g--tJ'DvkdNzD;wm wjcm;eJUNzD;wmvm;? t0dZÆmeJUNzD;wmvm;/ (t0dZÆmeJUNzD;wmygbk&m;)/ udk,fhudk,fudk

vSvSyywifhwifhw,fw,f jzpfatmif onf wjcm;eJUNzD;wmvm;? wPSmeJUNzD;wmvm;/ (wPSmeJUNzD;wmygbk&m;)/

t0dZÆmeJUjzD;&if bmjzpf/ (wd&pämefjzpfygw,f)/ wPSmeJUNzD;awmh (Nydwåm)/ aMomf--ighqHyifawGES,f olrsm;vSvSyyeJU

igES,faemfqkdawmh bmeJUNzD;wmvJ/ (a'goeJU)/ a'goeJUqdkawmh bmwJhvJ/ (i&J)/ uJ- udk,fhacgif;udk

rjzD;wwfwJhtcgusawmh ',ftdk;vSrf;vSrf;Munfhwm/ tJ'g y#dpöorkyÜg'fAs/ &Sif;&JUvm;/ 'gudk ygVdawmfu um,Oö

y#dpö azm|AÁOö OyÜZÆwd um, 0dnmPH}} wJh/ ]]wdP Ö Ho*Fwd zaóm? zóypö,m a0'em? a0'em ypö,m

wPSm/ [dk qufvkduf&if {0 ar wó au0vóuae Z&m r&P qufoGm;NyD/ tJ'g acgif;av;wpfcsufrNzD;wwf&if

y#dpöorkyÜg'f wpfywfrvnfbl;vm;/ (vnfygw,f)/ wpfywfvnfw,fqkd&if wjcm; Zmwdvm;/ tyg,fZmwdvm;/

(tyg,fZmwdygbk&m;)/ b,favmuf aMumufp&maumif;vJ/ tJ'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnf&if acgif;awmif

b,fvdkNzD;&rSef;rod/ t0wf b,fvdk 0wf&rSef;rod/ ukvm;xkdif b,fvdkxkdif &rSef;rod/ udk,fhtdyf&mae&m

apmifb,fvdkNcHK&rSef;rodbl;qkdawmh rcufbl; vm;/

uJ- 'Dvkdjzifh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG &[ef;awGvnf; t0wfr0wf&bl;vm;/ ouFef;0wf&w,f/

'um? 'umrawGvnf; t0wfr0wf&bl;vm;/ (0wf&ygw,f)/ aeYwkdif;0wfaew,f/ r0wf rjzpfbl; av/ 'Dvkdjzifh

0wfwdkfif; 0wfwdkif;rSm uJ-udk,fhudk,fudk jyefar;/ igwdkY b,favmufxd owdy|mefeJUrsm; rSwf0wfovm;? r0wfbl;vm;/

(r0wfygbl;bk&m;)/ 'gtrSef r0wfbl;wJh/ rSefw,f/ 0wfudk r0wfwm/ 'um? 'umrawG rajymeJU bkef;BuD;wdkYawmif

wpfcgwpfav uref;uwef;eJU/ a[m? oGm;NyD/ odyftvsifvdkvm&if b,frSwfEkdifrvJAs/ rrSwfEdkifbl; qdkuwnf;ukdu

r&SdbJeJU rrSwfwmvm;? &SdaevsufeJU rrSwfwmvm;/ (&SdvsufeJYrrSwfwmygbk&m;)/ &SdvsufeJU rrSwf&if bmjzpfrvJ/

(t0dZÆm)/ t0dZÆmjzpf&if bmtusdK;ay;/ (wd&pämeftusdK;ay;ygw,f)/ uJ-tJ'Dvkdqkd&if t0wf0wfwmav; wpfcsuf

udk,fhudk,fudk jyefqef;ppfaemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

uJ-w&m;uawmh rqHk;bl;/ naerSqufMuwmaygh/ 'DavmufeJUyJ ed*Hk;csKyfMu&atmif/

( om"k -- om"k -- om"k )( om"k -- om"k -- om"k )


( om"k -- om"k -- om"k )

d

177









þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf&SdNyDyJ/ (8-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/

8-&ufajrmuf nae y#dpöorkyÜg'f oifwef; w&m;yGJBuD;ayghaemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ bmoifwef;vJ/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f

oifwef;ygbk&m;)/ at;-'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef; jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh puf0dkif;a'oemawmfBuD;udk

wpfywfvSnfhylaZmfNyD; tm½kH,lxm;MuygpkdU/

cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f b,fup/ (oVm,weu pygw,fbk&m;)/ uJ-[kwfNyD/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

cEy#dpöorkyÜg'fudk pvdkufNyDqdkuwnf;u "mwf 18-yg;ukdif&r,fayghaemf/ bmudk udkif&rvJ/ ("mwf 18-yg;)/

'Dawmh "mwf 18-yg;rSm tcH"mwfu 6-yg;? twdkuf"mwfu 6-yg;/ uJ-tcH"mwf 6-yg; ajymyg/

(rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf)/ twkduf"mwf 6-yg;u (tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om? awGUxdp&m?

BuHpnfawG;awmp&m)/ b,fESpfrsdK;/ (6-rsdK;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if? tcH"mwfu 6-yg;? twkduf"mwfu 6-yg;/ 'Dtay:u

[mudk tyGifh"mwf 6-yg; vdkYac:ygw,f/ tyGifh"mwf 6-yg;u 0dnmPf 6-rsdK;ayghaemf/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if tyGifh"mwf 6-

rsdK;u jrefrmvkd jyefawmh jrifpdwf? Mum;pdwf? eHpdwf? pm;pdwf? ,m;emaumif;pdwf? awG;awm BuHpnfpdwf qdkNyD;awmh

olU'Gg&eJU olUtm½Hkaemf/

t0dZÆmrsufvHk;awGt0dZÆmrsufvHk;awGt0dZÆmrsufvHk;awGt0dZÆmrsufvHk;awGt0dZÆmrsufvHk;awG

olU'Gg&eJU olUtm½HkwdkufwJhtcgrSm pdwfawGray:bl;vm;/ pdwf wpfpdwf ay:wdkif; ay:wdkif; ay:wdkif;

wjcm;ay:wmvm;/ cEmay:wmvm;/ (cEmay:wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if uJ - ,aeY bkef;BuD;wdkY tararG;vm

uwnf;u rsufpdrygbl;vm;/ (yg ygw,fbk&m;)/ rsufpdrSm bmpdwfay:/ (jrifpdwf)/ jrifpdwfqdkwm[m emrnfom

rSnfhxm;wm/ wu,fawmh jrifpdwfwpfvHk;ay:wdkif; ay:wkdif; cEmb,fESyg;vJ/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ reuf rdk;vif;vkdY

rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;yGifhNyDqdkuwnf;u tck a,m*DwdkY pNyD; rsufvHk; ESpfvHk;yGifhvdkuf&if teD;uyfqHk; udk,fhtdrfrSm [kwfvm;/

tdrfponfjzifh teD;uyfqHk;t&mawG rjrif&bl;vm;/ (jrif&ygw,fbk&m;)/ ZeD;r,m; orD; om; pD;yGm;Opöm&wem

ponfjzifh tdrf? wdkufwm? taqmufttHk trsdK;rsdK; ponfjzifh rsufpdeJU oGm;qHkvdkufNyDqdkuwnf;u rsufpdrSm

bmay:wmvJ/ (jrifpdwf ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ jrifpdwfwpfvHk;ay:wdkif; ay:wdkif; bmay:vJ/ (cEm 5-yg;)/

tJ'DcEm 5-yg; ay:wmudk a,m*DwdkY 'Dvdkw&m;udk rem? 'Dvdkw&m; udk tm;rxkwf? owdruyfbl;?

r½Ibl;? rMunfhbl;qdk&if tJ'DcEm 5-yg; ay:wmudk odEkdifyghrvm;/ (rodEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ rodbl;qdk? a,m*DwdkY

tjypfoifhoGm;NyD/ rod&ifbmjzpf/ (tjypfjzpfygw,f)/ tjypfoifhr,faemf/ bmtjypfvJqdkawmh t0dZÆmtjypf? 'Dvkdjzifh

t0dZÆm[m reuf rsufvHk;ESpfvHk; pNyD; yGifhuwnf;u a,m*DwdkY wjcm;eJU yGifhwmvm;? t0dZÆmeJU yGifhwmvm;/

(t0dZÆmeJU yGifhwmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmeJU yGifhw,fqdkwm t0dZÆmonf ukokdvfvm;? tukodkvfvm;/ (tukokdvfygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dt0dZÆmtukokdvfonf bmtusdK; ay;rvJ/ (wd&pämef)/ [kwfNyD-tJ'gu y&d,wftaeeJUY a'oempOf oifwmaemf/

cE¨mÓmPfa&muf obm0udk,fhrsufpdudk jyefMunfh&if udk,fhrsufpd udk,fjyefar;/ pNyD;awmh odwwfpt&G,f

arG;uwnf;uaeNyD;awmh ,aeY xdatmif rsufpd&Sdawmh jrifaewmaygh/

'Dawmh jrifwkdif; jrifwdkif;om owdy|mefawG 0dyóemawGponfjzifh r½Ibl;qdk&if jrifwkdif; jrifwdkif;

cEmudk odyghrvm;/ (rodygbl;bk&m;)/ rodwdkif; rodwkdif;onf wjcm;jzpfwmvm;/ t0dZÆmjzpfwmvm;/ (t0dZÆm

jzpfwmygbk&m;)/ t0dZÆmjzpfwkdif; jzpfwdkif; a,m*Dbmjzpfr,f ajymaewmvJ/ (wd&pämef)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

178


'Dw&m;udkrem 'Dw&m;udkrod&if a,m*DwdkY tjypfawG[m 'keJUa';yJ/ (rSefvSyg)/ [m-t&Sifbk&m; 'keJYa'; 'DtjypfawG

oifhawmh bmjzpfrSmvJ/ wd&pämefjzpfr,f ajymwm/ bmjzpfrSmvJ/ (wd&pämef)/ tJ'Dawmh wd&pämefjzpfr,f ajymawmh

'Dtukodkvf[m olYtoufowfjcif;? olYOpömckd;jcif;? tdrf,musL;vGefjcif;? rkom;ajymjcif;? t&ufaopm

aomufpm;jcif;qkdwJh 'DvdkuH 5-rsdK;udk usL;vGefwmr[kwfbl;/ usL;vGef&JUvm;/ (rusL;vGefygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh

'DuH 5-rsdK;u ygPmwdygwm? t'dEém? umarok um,uHoHk;yg;aemf/ 0pDuH ESpfyg;/ xm; [kdu ok&mar&,u

xm;vdkuf/ um,uH 0pDuHyJayghaemf/ tJ'DuHawGu um,uH 0pDuHawG ajymwm/ raemuH 'D 5-yg;xJrSm ygvm;/

(rygygbl;)/ bkef;BuD;wkdY wu,f tjypfoifhwJhuHu b,fESpfuH&SdvJ/ (3-uH&Sdygw,f)/ raemuH&,f? 0pDuH&,f?

um,uH&,f? ckeu 5-yg;oDvu um,uHESifh 0pDuH a[mwm/ okdYjzifh raemaygufzGifhxm;w,f/ bmzGifhxm;wmvJ/

(raemayguf zGifhxm;wmyg bk&m;)/

okdYjzifh tck t0dZÆmjzpfw,fqkdwmu b,ftaygufujzpfwmvJ/ (raemaygufu jzpfwmygbk&m;)/

raemaygufu t0iftxGuf&Sdw,f/ tJ'DwHcg; ydwfudkrxm;bl;aemf/ reuf rdk;vif;wJhtcgusawmh ygPmwdygwm?

t'dEémuH tp&Sdojzifh um,uHayguf ydwfxm;w,f/ 0pDuHaygufydwfxm; w,f/ 'Duae r0ifEdkifbl;/

b,ftaygufyGifhaevJ/ (raemuH)/ tJ'D raemaygufyGifhaewm/ udk,fhukd,fudk yGifhrSef;rodbl;/ yGifhrSef;udk rodbl;/

'Dawmh 'DraemaygufyGifhwm yGif;rSef;rodwmu wjcm;em;rvnfvdkUvm;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fem;rvnfvdkYvm;/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f

em;rvnfvdkYygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tck bkef;BuD; ajcmufa[maewmvm;? jzpfpOfudkufajymwmvm;/ (jzpfpOfudkuf

ajymwmygbk&m;)/ cEmay:w,fvdkY tckajymNyDaemf/ jrif&if jrifcEm? Mum;&if Mum;cEm? odkYaomf rsufpdu pawmh

rsufpdtaMumif;yJ t&ifajymr,faemf/ tJ'Dvdk jrifwdkif; jrifwdkif; rodawmh t0dZÆmjzpfw,f qkdawmh t0dZÆmqdkwm

wjcm;oGm;wmvm;? wd&pämefjynfoGm;wmvm;/ (wd&pämefjynfoGm;wmyg bk&m;)/ uJ 'Dvkdjzifh jrifwJht&mav;ayghaemf/

jrifw,fqkdawmh Oyrm-tdrfrSmqdkawmhom;orD;jrif&if jrifr,f/ ZeD;jrifr,f/ cifyGef;jrifr,f/ [m-okdYr[kwf udk,hfqDrSm

odrf;qnf;xm;wJh ausmufoH ywåjrm; a&TaiG&wem 'gawGjrifr,f/ armfawmfum;jrifr,f? tdrfjrifr,f qdkMuygpdkY/

rsufpd&Sd 'um? 'umrawG rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdkjrifwdkif; jrifwdkfif; rod&if b,folvJ/

t0dZÆm? 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'DjrifwJht&m awG[m cifrifp&m t&mawGU&if cifrifwmaygh/ qkdMuygpkdY/ pD;yGm;Opöm&wem

&mxl;*kPfodrf tkd;tdrfwdkufwm jrif&if udk,fhypönf;udk,f 'um? 'umrawG rcifwJhol&Sdyghrvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/

udk,fhom;orD;udk,f rcifwJh ol&Sdygh rvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ udk,fhZeD; ukd,hfcifyGef;rcifwJh ol&Sdyghrvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;

bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'DrsufpdeJY jrifwkdif; jrifwdkfif; 'um? 'umrawGrSm cifrifwmav;awG ay:vmw,f/

cifrifw,fqkdwmu t&yfajymajymwmaemf/ ,aeY w&m;pum;eJU ajymawmh avmbay:aew,f/ bmay:wmvJ/

(avmbay:wmygbk&m;)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'feJU axmufawmh bmjzpfaewmvJ/ (wPSmygbk&m;)/ cifwmu wPSm/

avmbwPSm/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if reufrdk;vif;vkdY rsufvHk;ESpfvHk; yGifhvdkufvkdY t&mawGtm;vHk;udk trav;--[kd[mav;uawmh

tqifajyw,f? 'gav;uawmh tqifajyw,f/ udk,fhom;orD;av;rsufESmav; udk,fjrifvkduf&awmh 0rf;omw,f?

udk,fhZeD; cifyGef;rsufESm NyHK;NyHK;&Tif&Tif jrif&&if auseyfw,f? 0rf;omw,f? cifrifw,f qdkuwnf;u 'Dyk*¾dKvf

wjcm;jzpfoGm;wmvm;/ avmbjzpfoGm; wmvm;/ (avmbjzpfoGm;wmyg bk&m;)/

reufrdk;vif;uwnf;u avmbjzpfaeNyD/ tJ'Davmbonf wjcm; oGm;rSmvm;/ Nydw åmjynfoGm;rSmvm;/

(NydwåmjynfoGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ a[m'D jrifpdwfuav;wpfckay:rSm 'um? 'umrawG raemaygufyGifhwJh taMumif;

aemf/ raemaygufyGifhaewm/ uJ 'Dawmh/ aumif;NyD reufrdk;vif;vkdU rsufvHk; ESpfvHk; yGifhwJhtcgusawmh tdrfrSmu

tpp t&m&m [dkem;? 'Dem; z½kdz&J tqifrajybl;/ pdwfxJrSm b,fhES,fhaevJ/ (a'gojzpfvmygw,f)/ a'go

jzpfvma&m? 0pDuHawG jzpfukefa&m/ 'DMum;xJ pdwftcefYroifhwJh tcgusawmh 'um? 'umrawGukdifaygufukefa&m/

a[m - wpfcgwpfav vlrjrifolrjrif ukdifaygufypfvkdufwm? ukd,fhpdwfukd rxdef;Ekdifbl;av/ vloGm;xkd;rd&if

'um? 'umrawG tEÅ&m,f&Sdw,f/ tJawmh tEÅ&m,fr&Sd wJh tcgusawmh wpfckck eJUaygufypfvkdufa&m/ a[m -

179


xGufayguf/ xGufayguf&Smwm/ bmvkyfwmvJ/ (xGufayguf&Smwm)/ olY[molxifovkd &Sm? 'Dawmh uHoifhoGm;NyD/

bmjzpfoGm;wmvJ/ (a'goyg bk&m;)/ a'goeJU aoawmh (i&Jjynfyg bk&m;)/ 'Daqmifyk'f qkdygOD;/

a'goeJUao i&Jjynfa'goeJUao i&Jjynf

a'goeJUao i&Jjynfa'goeJUao i&Jjynf

a'goeJUao i&Jjynf

a&mua&mu

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av {uefom/av {uefom/

av {uefom/av {uefom/

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oHk;wwfvQifaq;oHk;wwfvQifaq;oHk;wwfvQifaq;oHk;wwfvQifaq;oHk;wwfvQifaq;

uJ - reuft½kPfawmif rwufao;bl;? rkd;rvif;ao;bl; 'um? 'umrawG ',ftkd;vSrf;vSrf;Munhfaewm/

bmvSrf;MunhfaewmvJ/ (',ftdk;vSrf;Munhfwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'D ',ftdk;udk vSrf;Munfhaewmu

b,fuaeMunfhwmvJ/ (rsufpduae Munfhwmygbk&m;)/ rsufpduae ',ftdk;udk vSrf;Munfhckdif;aew,f/

&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'gaMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;remvdkY/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk jzwfwJhtvkyfom rvkyf&if uJ-bkef;BuD;wdkY

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&Sdaom r[myx0DajrBuD;ESifhtrQ tyg,fusr,f/ [m? 'gav; wpfvHk;udkyJ a,m*DwkdY oabmaygufw,fqkdvkdY&Sd&if

uJ - [m? tararG;ay;vdkufwJh rsufpd[m olYaMumifh roufomygvm;/ wu,fodvm&if rsufvHk;xdk;azmufcsifpdwf

jzpfvmrSm a,m*DwkdY/ okdYaomf xkd;awmhrazmufygeJU/ uHaumif;vdkY rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;av; aumif;aumif;rGefrGef jrifvmwm

t"dyÜm,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh roHk;wwfwJhtcgusawmh ab;rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,fbk&m;)/ oHk;wwf wJhtcgusawmh

aq;jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ]]roHk;wwf&ifab;? oHk;wwf&if aq;}}/ tJ'Dawmh oHk;wwf&if aq;jzpfw,fqdkawmh

'Dtay:rSm a,m*DwkdY[m ckvdk 0dyóemÓmPfawG? owdy|mefawG udef;vdkufNyDqkd&if tJ'Day:rSm wjcm;udef;wmvm;?

r*¾ifudef;wmvm;/ (r*¾ifudef;wmygbk&m;)/ 2-rsdK;yJ &Sdw,faemf/

raemaygufraemaygufraemaygufraemaygufraemayguf

tod owd r0if&if avmb a'go arm[ tukokdvfudef;r,f/ okdYaomf tJ'D tukodkvfu um,uH

tukokdvfvnf; r[kwfbl;/ 0pDuH tukokdvfvnf; r[kwfbl;/ bmtukokdvfvJ/ (raemuH)/ raemayguf yGifhaeNyD/

'Dawmh 'Dae&mrSm a,m*DwkdY owdxm;&r,fh udpöu rd½dk;zvm Ak'¨bmomwpfa,mufuav aoaocsmcsm

q&maumif;eJY rawGU ravhvm wJhtcgusawmh udk,fhig;csOfudk,fcsOfw,fqdkwJhpum; r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdyg w,fbk&m;)/

uJ-wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muf [kwfvm;? rdwfaumif; aqGaumif;qdkwm[m 'Dw&m;av;odvdkY&Sd&if ukodkvf&rSmvm;?

r&bl;vm;/ (&rSmygbk&m;)/ tyg,fwHcg;ydwfrSmvm;? rydwfbl;vm;/ (ydwfrSmygbk&m;)/

tyg,fwHcg;ydwf&m ydwfaMumif; ukokdvf&&m&aMumif; wdkufwGef;wm onf &efolvm;? rdwfaqGvm;/

(rdwfaqGygbk&m;)/ rdwfaqGaumif;wdkY rnfonfrSm 'Dtvkyfudk aumif;wJhtvkyfudk wdkufudkwdkufwGef;&r,f/ (rSefvSyg)/

bmaMumifhvJvdkYqkdawmh tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD; edAÁmefudk ok*wdedAÁmefudk oGm;wJhtvkyf[m rwdkufwGef;oifhbl;vm;/

wkdufwGef;oifh vm;/ (wdkufwGef;oifhygw,fbk&m;)/ wkdufwGef;oifhwmyJ/ awGUwJhtcgrSm wkdufvnf; wdkufwGef;ygaemf/

odkYaomf 'Dae&mrSm udk,fu arwåmapwemeJU wkdufwGef;ayr,fh? tcsdKUusawmh udk,fhig;csOfudk,fcsOfNyD; udk,fhukd,fukd

txifBuD;wJh yk*¾dKvfawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdw,f/ usKyfwdkYu w&m;vkyfzdkY rvkdygbl;Asm/ wpfoufeJY wpfudk,f

raumif;wmvnf; rajymygbl;/ raumif;wmvnf;rvkyfygbl;/ usKyfwdkY 5-yg; oDvNrJNyD;om;yg/ aocsmayguf

ewfjynfrSm usKyfwdkYtwGuf bHkaygufxm;NyD;om;/ cifAsm;wdkY 'Dw&m; tvkyfvkyfaezdkYrvdkbl;/ at;--cifAsm;wdkYom

rw&m;wmawG&SdvdkY oGm;vkyfMu/ tr,f pum;ajymwmawmif txufpD;ajymw,f/ vkyfyHkuaemf/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if

'um? 'umrawG 'DrSm olUraemaygufyGifhaewmodvkdY ajymwmvm;/ rodvdkY ajymwmvm;/ (rodvkdY ajymwmygbk&m;)/

oluawmh olUudk,fol t[kwfBuD; xifaewm/

y#dpöorkyÜg'f cGifeJ Yvnf; csjyvdkufa&m? 'D y#dpöorkyÜg'fyH kaoenf; av;xJvnf; xnfhvdkufa&m

180


olUraemaygufBuD;u wpfcsufrS wHcg;ydwfrxm; bl;/ tJ'Dawmh raemaygufu aeYpOfaeYwkdif; 'um? 'umrawG

tyg,f roGm;bl;vm;/ (oGm;ygw,f)/ tyg,foGm;aew,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tyg,foGm; aewm? bmjzpfvkdYoGm;wmvJ

qkdawmh jrifwmonfwjcm;vm;? jrifpdwfvm;/ (jrifpdwfygbk&m;)/ jrifpdwfwpfvHk;ay:wdkif; ay:wdkif; cEmb,fESpfyg;/

(5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ cEm 5-yg;ay:wmonf rxif&Sm;wmvm;/ xif&Sm;wmvm;/ (xif&Sm;wmygbk&m;)/ xif&Sm;wmudk

wjcm;ac:wmvm;/ ouúm, ac:wmvm;/ (ouúm,ac:wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dxif&Sm;aewJh cEm 5-yg;udk rjrifawmh

igjrifw,f/ b,foljrifwmvJ/ (igjrifwmygbk&m;)/ igjrifw,f qkdwmu 'd|d/ bmygvJ/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/

igjrifw,fqkdwmu ('d|dygbk&m;)/ xif&Sm;wmu (ouúm,)/ igjrifwmu ('d|d)/ ouúm,eJY 'd|deJYaygif;/ (ouúm,'d|d)/

rdk;awmifrvif;ao;bl;/ i&JrsdK;aph&ifxJudef;aeNyD/ uREkfyfwkdYu oDvawG NrJaew,f/ yk*¾dKvf bmrSjyóem r&Sdbl;qkdwJhvl

rdk;rvif;cif bmudef;oGm;wmvJ/ (i&JrsdK;aph)/ i&JrsdK;aphqdkwm wjcm; ajymwmvm;/ ouúm,'d|dajymwmvm;/

(ouúm,'d|d ajymwmyg bk&m;)/ ouúm,'d|dqkdwm wjcm;udk rjrifvkdYvm;? cE¨mudk rjrifvdkYvm;/ (cE¨mudk

rjrifvdkYygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'DcEmonf acG;a[mifwJh cEmvm;/ acG;ra[mif wJh cEmvm;/ (acG;ra[mifwJh

cEmygbk&m;)/ acG;ra[mifwJh cEmawG bkef;BuD;wdkYrSm 'vpyfay:aewmaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

w&m;apmif hvQifw&m;apmif hvQifw&m;apmif hvQifw&m;apmif hvQifw&m;apmif hvQif

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tck a,m*DwkdY puf0dkif;udk vSrf;Munfh/ vufawGUrjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ jrifw,f/ wpfcgjrifNyD/ Munfhae/

aemufwpfcg rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ wpfem&DvHk;xkdif Munfh/ jrifwmawG a&EdkifygOD;rvm;/

(ra&Edkifygbl;bk&m;)/ wpfjrif jrifwdkif; jrifwdkfif; wpfjcm;ay:wmvm;? cEm 5-yg;vm;/ (cEm 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/

jrifw,f? cEm 5-yg;? csKyfoGm;NyD/ aemufwpfcg jrifw,f? cEm 5-yg;/ csKyfoGm;NyD? aemufwpfcg jrifw,f? cEm

5-yg; csKyfoGm;NyD/ tJ'gudk a,m*DwkdYu ½I&rSm/ tJ'Dawmh yxr cEm 5-yg; ay:NyD;awmh ysufw,f/ aemufcEm

5-yg; jzpfNyD;awmhysuf/ aemuf cEm 5-yg; jzpfNyD;ysuf/ jzpfNyD;ysuf/ jzpfNyD;ysuf? [m---jzpfNyD;ysuf/ tJ'gudk

0dyóem½Iw,fac:wm/ jzpfysuf ½Iw,fqdkwm 'gudk ajymwm/ 'D½kyfBuD;u csufcsif;jzpfNyD;awmh bGm;ueJ 'Dvkd

ysufw,f ajymwmr[kwfbl;/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ (&Sif;ygNyDbk&m;)/ acG;ra[mifwJh ½kyfemrf jzpfysufwmudk a,m*DwdkY ½I&rSm/

ÓmPfjrif ½kyfemrfudk ajymygw,f/ bm½kyfemrf/ (ÓmPfjrif½kyfemrfygbk&m;)/ tJ'gjzifh rsufpdjzifh jrifwdkif;jrifwdkif;

bm½kyfemrfay:/ (ÓmPfjrif½kyfemrfay:ygw,f)/

ÓmPfjrif½kyfemrfudk odvdkufwJh tcgusawmh a[m emr½ly y&dapä' ÓmPf&oGm;NyD/ bk&m;yGifhNyD

txufwef;Ak'bmomjzpfNyD/ txufwef; Ak'bmomjzpfzdkY wjcm;od&rSmvm;? emrf½kyfudk od&rSmvm;/ (emrf½kyfudk

od&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh emrfeJU ½kyfudk rod&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfu atmufwef;pm; yk*¾dKvfyJwJh/ a[m - emrfeJU½kyfudk

rod&if (atmufwef;pm;yk*¾dKvfyg)/ 'Dawmh emrfeJY½kyfudk odrS txufwef;pm;a&mufygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkY 'um?

'umr awGu emrfeJU½kyfudk rodawmh bmjzpfrSmrdkUvdkYvJqdkawmh tEykxkZOf/ emrfeJU ½kyfudk rod&iftEykxkZOfqkdawmh

ao&ifolu tyg,fusr,fh yk*¾dKvf jzpfwJh twGuf txufwef;pm;r[kwfbl;/ emrfeJU½kyfukd od&if uvsmP

ykxkZOf qkdawmh ao&if tyg,fudk uscsifusr,f/ ruscsif rusbl;qkdawmh olu ESpfrsdK;oGm;EdkifwJhtwGuf

oluenf;enf;oufomao;w,f/ [dkuawmh wpfvrf;armif;yJayghaemf/

tJ'D½kyfeJYemrfudk jrifNyDqkduwnf;u emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPf r&bl;vm;/ 'gtxufwef;Ak'bmomaygh/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

tJ'D½kyfemrfu bk&m;ocifzefwD;wJh ½kyfemrf[kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ tvdkvdk rdk;ay:u uswJh ½kyfemrf [kwf&JUvm;/

(r[kwfygbl;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if bm½kyfemrfvJvdkY ar;&if taMumif; aMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;½kyfemrf/ bm½kyfemrf/

(taMumif;aMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;½kyfemrf)/ ½kyfESpfckwdkufvdkY ay:wJh ½kyfemrf/ taMumif;ESpfcku wjcm; vm;? ½kyfESpfck

wdkufwmvm;/ (½kyfESpfckwkdufwmyg bk&m;)/ ½kyfESpfckwdkufvdkY emrfwpfckay:w,f/tJ'Demrfwpfckay:wmu wjcm;ay:wmvm;?

181


cEm 5-yg; ay:wmvm;/ (cE¨m 5-yg;ay:wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh ESpfckwdkufvdkY wpfckay:wJh cEm 5-yg;? taMumif;u

(y#dpöygbk&m;)/ tusdK;u (orkyÜg'f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh y#dpöorkyÜg'f ½kyfemrfay:aeNyDa,m*DwkdY/

jrifwdkif;? jrifwdkif; bm½kyfemrfay:/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f½kyfemrf)/ 'Dvkdjzifh y#dpöorkyÜg'fqkdwmu taMumif;udk

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t0dZÆmwpfzHk;zHk;w,f/ tck ajymaewJh ½kyfemrf[m rxif&Sm;wJh ½kyfemrfvm;? xif&Sm;wJh ½kyfemrfvm;/ (xif&Sm;wJh

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(ouúm,'d|daowmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D½kyfemrfu a,m*DwdkY tMunfhcHEdkif&JUvm;/ (rcHEdkifygbl;)/ tMunhfrcHEdkifwm wjcm;

jzpfwmvm;? ysufoGm;wmvm;/ (ysufoGm;wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if t&m0w¬Kwpfckonf ysufoGm;wm ckdifNrJvdkYvm;?

rcdkifNrJvdkYvm;/ (rcdkifNrJvdkYyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh rckdifNrJbl;qdkwm a,m*DwdkY aocsm&JUvm;/ (aocsmygw,f bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if wjcm;aom yk*¾dKvfu Oyrm odMum;rif;BuD;u qif;vmNyD;? cifAsm;wdkYcdkifNrJw,f? Budrf;armif;vkyf&if

b,fvkdvkyfrvJ/ (rcdkifNrJ ygbl;)/ [J-odMum; w&m;tm;rxkwfbJeJU awmifajym ajrmufajymrajymeJU/ 'DrSm

igaoaocsmcsm tm;xkwfxm;wm/ ig aoaocsmcsm igud k,fwd ki fud k jri fwm ]]oE´ d| daum}}=

ukd,fwkdifudk,fusjrifwmaemf/ rif;r,Hk tck Munfhprf;yg? ]]{[dyódaum}} ]]tumvdaum}} tckMunfh

tckrjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ ]]oEd|daum}} ]]tumvdaum}} av/ tck'DrSmav ½kyfemrfuav olYudk

MunfhygwJh/ oljzpfNyD;awmh ysufaew,f/ jrifwJh ½kyfemrfonf jzpfNyD;awmh ysufaew,f/ 'um? 'umrawG

]]{[dyódaum}} om w&m;*kPfawmfawG &Gwfaewmyg/ &Gwfom&Gwfaew,f/ w&m;*kPfawmf qkdwm &Gwf&rSmvm;/

tm;xkwf&rSmvm;/ (tm;xkwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ ]]{[dyódaum}}? {[d = vmyg yó = ½Iygqdkawmh ½kyfemrfu

olYudk ½IvSnfhac:wm/ w&m;*kPfawmfaemf/ ]]oEd|daum}}qkdwm olrsm;tultnD ,l&rSmvm;? udk,fwdkif½I&rSmvm;/

(udkf,fwdkif½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ udk,fwdkif½Iawmh udk,fwdkifrjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ ,ck½I ,ckjrif/ ,ckjrif

,ckNidrf;wmaygh/ ]]tumvdaum}} = tcsdeftcgra&G; tusdK;ay;w,f/ w&m;onf tusdK;ray;rSmvm;?

tusdK;ay;rSmvm;/ (tusdK;ay;ygw,fbk&m;)/ w&m;udk tm;udk;&if w&m;u jyefNyD;awmh apmifha&Smufygw,f/

'Dawmh "ar®[a0 &u©"r®mpm&D vlawGyg;pyfzsm;om &Gwfaewm/ 'um? 'umrawG wu,ftvkyfvkyfwJhtcg

wGefYqkwf wGefYqkwfjzpfaew,f/ pmwkdif; pmwkdif; b,fpmrSmjzpfjzpf 'DqHk;rpmawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ w&m;udk apmifh&if

w&m;u jyefapmifhw,f/ 'Da'oempOfu "ar®m [a0 &u©wd "r®pm&D vlwdkfif;yg;pyfzsm; EIwfusdK;aewm/

wu,fhvufawGUvkyfygqkdawmh auGUa&Smifaewm/ a[m - tck a,m*DwdkYu auGUa&Smifwmvm;? wu,f vkyfwmvm;/

(wu,f vkyfwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh a[m'D {[d = vmyg? yó=½Iygqkdawmh udk,fwkdifudk,fusvnf; Munfhvnf;

Munfhvkdufawmh ,ck½Iawmh ,ck jrifw,f/ wa&;Edk;x½Iawmh wa&;Edk; rjrifbl;vm;/ wa&;Edk; jrifw,f qdkawmh

NrJaew,fvdkYajymwmvm;? rNrJbl;vdkYajymwmvm;? (rNrJbl; ajymwmyg)/ rNrJbl;qdkwm wjcm;vm;? ysufwmvm;/

(ysufwmygbk&m;)/ uJ--'um? 'umrawG ysufwmcdkifvdkYvm;? rcdkifvdkYvm;/ (rcdkifvkdYygbk&m;)/

tysufudkjrifvQiftysufudkjrifvQiftysufudkjrifvQiftysufudkjrifvQiftysufudkjrifvQif oów'd|dao

aMomf- wpfoufvHk;uav ckdifw,f NrJw,f wnfw,fvdkU ,lwJh t,lonf ,lvdkY&ao;&JUvm;/

,lvdkYr&bl;qdkawmh wjcm;aowmvm;/ oów'd|daowmvm;/ (oów'd|daowmygbk&m;)/ uJ--uJ Munhfprf;/

bk&m;yGifhoGm;NyD/ oów'd|daow,f/ Ak'¨bmomtppfjzpfoGm;NyD/ txufwef;Ak'bmomjzpfoGm;NyD/ oów'd|d

aowmjrifvdkY/ &Sif;aum&Sif; &JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if ysufwJhoabmonf rcdkifwJhoabm/

oów'd|dqdkwmawmh cdkifw,f NrJw,f qkdwJhoabm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ oów'd|dqdkwmu

tajymuawmh tjypfr&Sdbl;/ 'Dtwdkif; ,lxm;&if bmjzpfrvJ/ (tjypf&Sdw,f)/ qkdMuygpkdY/ tif; -bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU'um?

182


'umrawG aemif tESpf 20 qkd&if touf 50 aygh/ tck touf 50 qkdwJh yk*¾dKvfu aemiftESpf 20 qkd&if

touf -70 aygh/ at; - ig touf 70 usawmhrS tzkd;BuD;jzpfawmhrS igtm; xkwfr,faygh/ t"dyÜm,f -

t"dyÜm,f [kwfvm;/ tzkd;BuD;jzpfawmh &dyfom vmEkdifygOD;rvm;/ (rvmEkdifygbl; bk&m;)/ yg;pyfuom ajymwm/

tJ'D touf-70 xdatmifaum &Sif;ygOD;rvm;/ b,folrS tmrcHcsufr&Sdbl;/ ,ae Y ' Dw&m ;u k d

odwJhtcgusawmh [ auG;aomvufrqefUrD? qefYaomvufrauG;rD bmjzpfrvJ/ (aoEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/ aoEkdifw,f

qkdwmu wjcm;jrifwmvm;/ tysufjrifwmvm;/ (tysuf jrifwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'gu orkwdopöm&JUtysufukdajymaewm/

tckajymaewJh cPdutysufu tckjrifpdwfwpfvkH; ½kyfemrfcEmay: ,ckrysufbl;vm;/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if jrifpdwf ay:w,f/

ysufw,f/ jrifpdwfuav;ay:w,f/ ysufw,f/ jrifpdwfuav; qkdwm wjcm;ay:wmvm;/ cEmvm;/ (cEmygbk&m;)/

½kyfemrf cE¨m ay:w,f/ ysufw,f/ ay:w,f/ ysufw,f/ tysufukdjrifvkdufawmh oów'd|d aow,fvdkY

'gav;rSwfxm;/ yHkaoenf;vmNyD/ ÓmPfwpfqifh wufawmh r,faemf/ tysufuav;udkjrif&if bm'd|dao/

(oów'd|dao ygw,f bk&m;)/

okdYjzifh tJ'DysufoGm;wm[m r&SdbJeJY ysufaewmvm;? &SdNyD;awmhrS ysufwmvm;/ (&SdNyD;awmhrS ysufwmygbk&m;)/

rjzpfbJeJY ysufaewmvm;? jzpfNyD;awmhrS ysufwmvm;/ (jzpfNyD;awmhrS ysufwmygbk&m;)/ jzpfNyD;awmhrS ysufwm/

'Dvkdjzifh&if jzpfw,fqdkawmh vHk;0jywfawmufroGm;bl;aygh/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ jzpfw,fqdkwm

vHk;0jywfawmuf oGm;&JUvm;/ roGm;bl;/ tpm;xkd;w,f/ a[m'D cGufuav; wpfae&mrSm 'DcGufuav; tckwnfNyD;

r&Sdawmhbl;qkd&if 'DrSm uGufvyfrjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ 'Dawmh jyefNyD; tpm;rxdk;&if 'Dae&m uGufvyfBuD;aygh/

tJ'Dawmh wu,fawmh Oapä''d|dqkdwm tpm;rxkd;wmr[kwfbl;/ 'Dwpfckr&Sdayr,fh olUae&mudk aemufwpfck

tpm;rxdk;bl;vm;/ tJ'Dae&mav; onf r&Sdawmhayr,fh olYae&mudk tpm;rxdk;bl;vm;/ (xkd;ygw,f)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if cEmonf (0g) "r®onf tpm;vnf;xdk;w,f? ysufvnf; ysufw,f/ tpm;vnf; xkd;w,f?

ysufvnf; ysufw,f/ odkYjzifh tpm;xdk;w,f qkdwm jzpfwm? jzpfNyD;awmh bmjzpfrvJ/ ysufwm/ 'Dawmh jzpfysuf/

jzpfysuf/ tJ'g a,m*DwkdY tck½Iaewm wjcm;½Iwmvm;/ jzpfysuf½Iaewmvm;? (jzpfysuf½Iaewmygbk&m;)/ jzpfysuf½Iwm/

jzpfysuf½Iw,fqdkwJh oabmw&m; udk em;vnfatmifaemf/ aumif;NyD/ tJ'Dvdk jzpfysufudk ½Ivdkufawmh bmjzpfrvJqkd&if

tysufudk jrifawmh oów'd|dao/ tpm;xkd;wmjrifawmh Oapä''d|dao? qkdprf;yg/

* ysufwmudk jrifawmh oów'd|dao? ysufwmudk jrifawmh oów'd|dao?

ysufwmudk jrifawmh oów'd|dao? ysufwmudk jrifawmh oów'd|dao?

ysufwmudk jrifawmh oów'd|dao?

tpm;xkd;wmjrifawmh Oapä''d|dao/ tpm;xkd;wmjrifawmh Oapä''d|dao/

tpm;xkd;wmjrifawmh Oapä''d|dao/ tpm;xkd;wmjrifawmh Oapä''d|dao/

tpm;xkd;wmjrifawmh Oapä''d|dao/

vdrf;aq;eJUraysmufvdrf;aq;eJUraysmufvdrf;aq;eJUraysmufvdrf;aq;eJUraysmufvdrf;aq;eJUraysmuf

'Dvdkjzifh tcka,m*DwdkY a[m'D½kyfemrfcEmawG ajymjim;aomfvnf; wjcm;½Iwmvm;? jzpfysuf½Iwmvm;/

(jzpfysuf½Iwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tedpö 'ku© tewåawGqdkwmu pmvdk yg;pyfu &Gwfaewm/ ukokdvf&w,f/

&Gwfprf;yg/ odkYaomf pmvdk &atmif&GwfaewJh t&Gwfu q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ajymwm vdrf;aq;eJUwlw,fwJh/

bmeJUwlwmvJ/ (vdrf;aq;eJY wlwmygbk&m;)/ a&m*gu &ifxJ&Sdwm/ tay:,Hvdrf;aq;eJUuawmh ta&mifav;yJ

oufom r,f/ aysmufyghrvm;/ (raysmufygbl;)/ raysmufbl;/ vdrf;½HkeJY raysmufbl;/ bmvkyf&rvJ/ (aomuf&r,f)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wdkYtm;vHk;aom aqGawmf rsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawG &ifxJrSm a&m*gvlwkdif; &Sdw,f/

r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ at; ,aeY "mwfav;yg; azmufjyefvdkY jzpfaewJha&m*guawmhjzifh aq;½Hk oGm;wuf

q&m0efukay;ayvdrfhr,f/ udavoma&m*gu b,foGm;ukrvJ/ 'gavmuf urÇmrSm aq;ynmawGwdk;wufaewm?

ukwJhq&m0efay:NyDvm;/ (ray:ygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'Dq&m0ef ukEdkifzdkYaeaeomom olU&ifxJu a&m*g awmif

b,folukay;rSef;rodbl;/ ukrJhol r&Sdbl;/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ a,m*DwkdY bkef;BuD;wdkY tm;vHk;aom owå0gawG &ifxJ&SdaewJh

udavom a&m*gudk ukEdkifwm bk&m;wpfyg;&Sdwm/ b,folvJ/ (bk&m;yg bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;[m

183


'um? 'umrwdkY tm;vHk;&JU aq;q&mBuD;ygyJ/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tc k-bke f ; Bu D ;w d k Y 0 dyóem½ Iwmu vdr f ;aq; vdr f ;wmr[kwfbl ; / bmvky faewmvJ/

(aomufaq;aomufaewm)/ tckyJ acR;w'D;'D;eJY tm;xkwfaewmu bmvkyfaewmvJ/ (aomufaq;aomufaewm)/

&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ 'Dawmh tdrfrSm ykwD;av;pdwfvdkuf bk&m;av;&Sdckd;vdkuf 'gejyKvdkuf oDvaqmufwnfvkdufqdkwm

bmvkyfaewmvJ/ (vdrf;aq; vdrf;wmygbk&m;)/ a&m*graysmufEdkifbl;/ oufom½HkwifoufomrSm/&Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh

bkef;BuD;wdkY &ifxJrSm&SdwJh avmb a'go arm[ tp&SdwJh udavomawGonf wjcm;vm;? a&m*gawGvm;/ (a&m*gawGyg

bk&m;)/ a&m*gawGudk aysmufEdkifzdkYuawmh 'um? 'umrawG aomufaq; aomufcs&rSm/ tJ'Dawmh aomufaq;onf

wjcm;vm;? 0dyóemvm;/ (0dyóemygbk&m;)/ tedpö 'ku© tewåawG? *kPfawmfawG? y|mef;awG y&dwfawG

&Gwfaewmu wjcm;vm;? vdrf;aq;vm;/ (vdrf;aq;ygbk&m;)/ odkYaomf vdrf;aq;vnf; wefzdk;&Sdw,f/ ta&mift&rf;

oufomw,faemf/ rvdrf;eJYvkdY ajymwmr[kwfbl;/

tJ'Dawmh emNyD;wJhw&m;udk wu,fhudk cE ¨mudk ÓmPfa&muf ydkifydkif EdkifEdkif avsmif; xkdif &yf oGm;

£&d,mykwfav;yg;eJY tm;xkwfwmu wjcm;vm;/ aomufaq; aomufwmvm;/ (aomufaq;aomufwmyg bk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if 'um? 'umrawG aeraumif;vdkY q&m0efaq;ay;&if ñTefMum;wJhtwkdif;aomufrSaygh/ aMomf? 'gu

reufwpfBudrf aeYvnfwpfBudrf naewpfBudrf aomufyg? 'guawmh ta&;BuD;w,f 5-Budrfaomufyg/ 'guawmh

10-Budrfaomufyg ponfjzif hayg haemf? q&m0ef rñTefMum;bl;vm;/ tJ'DñTefMum;wJ htwdkif;aomuf

aysmufudkaysmuf&r,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'DOyrm vdkyJaemf/ tckbkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawGudk jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmf

jrwfBuD; r[mowdy|meokwfa[mxm;wm/ aq;ñTef;xm;wm/ bmvkyf wmvJ/ (aq;ñTef;xm;wmygbk&m;)/

aq;ñTef;xm;wm/ jrif&if 'Dtwkdif; rMunfheJU? ½I&rSm/ ½Ickdif;wm/ wjcm;vkyfwmvm;/ aq;aomuf ckdif;wmvm;/

(aq;aomufcdkif;wmygbk&m;)/ uJ ½Iaum½IMunfh&JUvm;/ (½Iygw,fbk&m;)/ aq;aum aomufMu&JUvm;/

(aomufygw,fbk&m;)/ aq;ñTef;twkdif; aomufrS/ jrifwdkif; jrifwdkif; jrifwdkif; ½Iaewmonf wjcm;vm;? aq;ñTef;

twdkif; aomufwmvm;/ (aq;ñTef;twkdif; aomufwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk aq;ñTef;twkdif; aomufw,fqdkwm

jrifwmonf t½IcHESifh t½IÓmPf yJ&Sdw,f/

avmuGwfawGacsmfavmuGwfawGacsmfavmuGwfawGacsmfavmuGwfawGacsmfavmuGwfawGacsmf

a[m'D t½IcHjrifwmu wjcm;vm;? cE¨m 5-yg;vm;/ (cEm 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ t½IÓmPfonf wjcm;vm;?

r*¾if 5-yg;vm;/ (r*¾if 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh a,m*DwkdU r½I&if udavom0ifw,f/ ½I&if r*¾if& w,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh

r*¾ifqkdwm wpfoufeJUwpfukd,f wpfoHo&meJUwpfem; b,fwkef;urQ &zl;wm r[kwfbl;/ a[m - ,aeY

wpfreufuav; wpf puúefUav; wpfrdepfav; touf&Sifaewm r*¾ifeJUtouf&Sifaewm/ ,aeY a,m*DwkdU&JU

wpfaeUwm&SifwJhaeU[m r*¾ifeJUtouf&Sifaewm/ ,aeY a,m*D wkdU&JUwpfaeU wm&SifwJhaeY[m rjrwfbl;vm;/

'DvkdrS r*¾iftpm;rxkd;&if wjcm;tpm;xkd;rSmvm;/ udavomtpm;xkd;rSmvm;/ (udavom tpm; xkd;rSmyg bk&m;)/

udavomtpm;xkd;zkdUukd a[m'DrSm y#dpöorkyÜg'f ukdMunhf&if 'gukd rsufpdy#dpöorkyÜg'f ajymaewmaemf/

jrifw,fqkdwm rsufpdeJUtqif;eJU wkdufvkdUyg/ y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm jrifw,fqkdwm oVm,we axmufjyygw,f/

oVm,wewGif tm,we 12-yg;rSm rsufpd 'DrSmrygbl;vm;/ tqif;rygbl;vm;/ rsufpdeJU tqif; 2-ck qkHwm

bmygvdrfh/ (zó)/ rsufpdeJU tqif; 2-ckqkHvkdU cHpm;wmu (a0'em)/ oabmuswmu (wPSm)/ pGJvef;wmu

(Oyg'gef)/ aqmif&Gufwm u (ur®b0)/ ur®b0ypö,m (Zmwd)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd em;rvnf wJhol

rjzwfwJholu rsufpdeJUwpfcsufjrifwkdif;jrifwkdif; ckESpfpOfwef;ygw,f a,m*DwkdU/ b,fESpfpOfwef;/ (ckESpfpOfwef;ygw,f)/

ckESpfpOfwef;wmav; axmufMunhfyg/ b,folawGvJ/ (oVm,we? zó? a0'em? wPSm? Oyg'gef? ur®b0?

Zmwd)/ tJ'g bkef;BuD;u a'oempOf a[maewm/

aMomf - 'Dawmh obm0eJU tm*rqkdwm obm0udk,hfwkdifukd jyef[yf/ ukd,fhukd,fukd jyef[yfawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU

184


'umrawG rsufpdr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ apmapmu 'DOyrmeJUxyfwvJvJ ajymxm;NyD;NyDaemf/ Oyrm r[kwfbl;/

wkduf½kduf/ 'geJUajymxm;NyD;NyD/ reufrkd;vif;vkdU rsufvkH; 2-vkH;yGifhNyD qkduwnf;u t&mawG rjrifbl;vm;/

(jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ jrifwmukd ½IrdvkdfU&Sd&if r*¾ifudef;r,f/ r½Ird&if udavom udef;r,f/ uJ - 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/

rsufpd&SdwJhtcgusawmh ukd,fhom;orD;rsufESmukd jrifvkdufwJh rdbonf om;orD;qkdwm wjcm;vm;? tqif;vm;/

(tqif;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D om;orD;tqif;eJU udk,fhrsufpdeJU rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ jrifvkdufw,f/

jrifwJhtcgusawmh awGUxdwmu bmygvJ/ (zóygbk&m;)/ 'Dom;orD;av; rsufESmjrifvkdfufwJhtcgusawmh a[m-

-NyHK;NyHK;&Tif&Tifjrif&if 'Drdbonf &ifxJrcsrf;ombl;vm;/ (csrf;omygw,fbk&m;)/ &ifxJrSm 0rf;omwmaygh/

0rf;omw,fqdkwm wjcm;vm;? a0'emvm;/ (a0'emyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh ukd,fhom;orD;udk cspfwmvm;? rcspfwmvm;/

b,frdbrS om;orD;udk rcspfwJhol b,f&SdrvJ/ wkefaeatmif cspfwm/ wkefaeatmif cspfwm/ tJ'Dvdk cspfw,fqdkawmh

a0'emypö,m? (wPSm)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f 2-uae 3-tuGuf ul;oGm;NyD/

udkf,hfom;orD; udk,fcspfwm 2-uae b,fudkul;oGm;vJ/ (3-udk ul;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tdk- udk,fhom;orD;

udk,hfrsufpdatmufuudk taysmuf rcHEdkifbl;/ taysmufudk rcHEkdifbl;/ tJ'Dvdk rsufpdatmufuae taysmufrcHEdkif

avmufatmif pGJpGJvrf;vrf;jzpfwm bmjzpfaewmvJ/ (Oyg'gef)/ 'Dawmh wPSmwdkY Oyg'gefwkdY todkif;t0ef;eJY tHkeJU

usif;eJU vmw,fvdkY reufuvnf; ajymcJhNyD/ (rSefvSyg)/

'DawmhrS udk,fhom;orD; ukd,fcspf&wm/ 'D&yfuGufxJ ighom;orD;u olrsm;eJY wlwmr[kwfbl;uG/ igu

b,fvdkarG;xm;wm a[m/ 'DtoH wjcm;toHvm;? rmeoHvm;/ (rmeoHygbk&m;)/ ighom;orD;Munfhprf;/ ½kyf&nfuvnf;

olrsm;eJY rwlbl;/ vmwmaemf/ om;orD;csif; ,SOfvdkuf&if udk,fhom;orD;om acsmaewmyJAs/ rdbwkdif;&JU ESvHk;om;u

'Dwdkif; r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ b,favmufyJ tusnf;wefaeae udk,fhom;orD; udk,facsmw,fxifwmyJ/

tJ'gb,folYowåd (wPSm? Oyg'gef)/

tJ'Dawmh pGJvrf;wmu Oyg'gef/ 'Dtay:rSm om;orD;eJY ywfoufNyD; awmh axmifaxmifvTm;vTm;awG

jzpfvmwmu rmefrme/ bmjzpfwmvJ/ (rmefrme)/ tJ'DawmhrS udk,fhom;orD;eJYywfoufNyD;awmhrS at;-'Duav;awG

BuD;vmwJhtcgusawmh tm;udk;&OD;r,f[/ pdwfu? pdwfu/ tJ'Dawmh rif;wdkY BudK;pm;Muprf;yguGm/ igwdkY taz?

tarawG BuD;vmwJhtcgusawmh rif;wdkYyJ tm;udk;&r,f/ yg;pyfu rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,f)/ pdwfuaum

rBuHbl;vm;/ (BuHygw,f)/ pdwfuBuHwmu wjcm;uHvm;? raemuHvm;/ (raemuHygbk&m;)/ yg;pyfu ajymwmu

0pDuH/ tJ'DawmhrS 'um? 'umrawG rpm;&uf raomuf&uf r0wf&uf om;orD;eJU ywfoufNyD; 'Drdb udk,frpm;bl;/

olwdkYpm;&if NyD;aewmyJ? udpör&Sdbl;uGm? rif;wdkYpm;&if ig0ovdkygyJ/ wu,fawmh 0yghrvm;/ (r0ygbl;)/

tvum;ajymwm/ rpm;&ifr0bl;/ tJ'Dawmh avmuGwfawG acsmfajymaewm-aemf/

'Dawmh 'Dom;orD;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh ,k,jyKpkapmifha&Smufaeawmh wjcm;vm;? um,uHvm;/

(um,uHygbk&m;)/ 'g-a,m*DwdkY aeYpOfawGU&r,fh cEy#dpöorkyÜg'f aemf/ tJ-tJ'Dawmh 'Dtaz tar uHajrmufoGm;NyD/

wpfaeY wpfaeY uHrajrmufbl;vm;/ rsufpduae ajrmufwJhuHaemf/ rsufpduae ajrmufvdkufwJh uHu b,fESrsdK;vmovJ/

'DrSm-oVm,we? zó? a0'em? wPSm? Oyg'gef uHqdkawmh [dkbuf y#dpöorkyÜg'fqufvkduf/ ur®b0 ypö,m

(Zmwdygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'D taz taru 'um? 'umrawG uHajrmufNyDqkdawmh ur®b0ypö,m (Zmwdygbk&m;)/

'Dtaztar 'ku©a&muf awmhr,f/ b,fvdk 'ku©a&mufrvJ/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; yGifhyGifh vif;vif;udk rdefYxm;w,faemf/

b,fvdk 'ku©a&mufrvJqdkawmh 'Dom;orD;u a[h olrsm;om;orD; r[kwfbl;uG/ ighom;orD;qkdawmh igqdkwm

wjcm;vm;/ 'd|dvm;/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ ighom;orD;u olrsm;om;orD;eJU rwlbl;qkdawmh wjcm;vm;/ rmevm;/

(rmeygbk&m;)/ ighom;orD;udk igvdk b,folrS rcspfEdkifbl;qkdawmh wjcm;vm;/ wPSmvm;/ (wPSmygbk&m;)/

a[m 'd|d&,f? wPSm&,f? rme&,f/ Munfhprf;? 'um? 'umrawG/ om;orD;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh 'Drdcif&JU

&ifxJrSm jzpfaewm 'd|d&,f? wPSm&,f? rme&,f/ tJ'DoHk;rsdK;udk yyOöw&m;vkdYac:w,f/ bmw&m;/ (yyOöw&m;ygbk&m;)/

185


[kwfNyD/ yyOöw&m;qdkwm t&Sifbk&m; bmjzpfrvJ/ ar;/ yyOöw&m;qkdwm oHo&me,fcsJUw&m;ukd ajymwm/

oHo&mxJrSm w0Jvnfvnfae&wmu 'DwPSm rme'd|dqkdwJh e,fcsJUw&m;? yyÍ ömw&m;aMumifhvkdU rSwfvkdufyg/

'Dawmh 'um? 'umrawG pOf;pm;Munfhprf;aemf/ trav; 'Dom;orD; arG;& auR;& udk;v q,fvvG,fNyD;

arG;&ao;/ aoawmhvnf; olwdkYrSDNyD; tyg,fusOD;r,fqkdawmh b,fESpfcgem&OD;rSmvJ/ (ESpfcgem&ygw,fbk&m;)/

arG;&? auR;&? apmifha&Smuf&wmu yifyef;vdkY wpfcgem&w,f/ tck olwdkY cspfvdkYcifvdkY aojyef&ifvnf; udk,fuwpfcg

tyg,fusOD;r,f qkdawmh b,fESpfcg emwmvJ/ (2-cg emygw,fbk&m;)/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk roifvdkY em;rvnf&if udk,fhukd,fudkk t[kwfBuD; xifwm/ ckvdk y#dpöorkyÜg'f vnf;

axmufjyvdkufa&m 'um? 'umrawG [m 'ku©yJ om;orD;awG arG;xm;wm b,facsmifxdk;&rvJ rodjzpfukefa&m/

odkYayrJh rxkd;ygeJU rxdk;ygeJUaemf/ udk,fhom;orD;awG wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf uHpyfvdkY 'Db0rSm taz tarjzpf/

'Db0rSm oluom;jzpf ukd,fu taz tarjzpfayghaemf/ vmNyD; rqHkbl;vm;/ (qHkygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk qHkwJhtcg

usawmh ESvHk;oGif; rSefzdkY tck aus;Zl;jyKaewm/

'gaMumifh v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; rdefYoGm;wm/ 'um? 'umrawG cifAsm;wdkY odyfavmuGwf acsmfraewJh/

bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh tm;vkH;aom 'um? 'umrawGu blwm½Hkc&D;oGm;wJhvlawGrdkY q&mawmf 'Dtwkdif; Oyrm

wkduf½dkufa[mwm/ blwm½Hkc&D;oGm;w,fqkdwmu &xm;rxGufcif acwåcP tukefpkNyD;awmh aeMuwm r[kwfvm;/

Oyrm--&efukefblwmBuD;qkdygpkdY/ rEÅav;oGm;r,fhol&Sdw,f/ armfvNrdKifoGm;r,fhol&Sdw,f/ jynfoGm;r,fhol &Sdw,f/

udk,foGm;rJhc&D;vrf;udk vufrSwfuav;awG 0,fjyKNyD;awmh &xm;pD;zdk Y rapmihfbl;vm;/ at;- tJ'Dvkd

blwm½HkapmifhwJhtcgrSm jynfu{nfhonfeJY armfvNrdKifu {nfhonfeJUrEÅav;oGm;r,fh {nfhonfeJU &efukef{nfhonfeJY

'DrSm BuHKMuqHkMuwmav/ at;- tcsdefvnf; usa&m ukd,fh&xm;udk,fwuf NyD;oGm;awmh blwmwpfa,mufrS

rusef&pfcJhbl;/ a[m- udk,fhvrf;awG udk,foGm;Muwm r[kwfbl;vm;/

tJ'D OyrmvdkygyJwJh/ ,aeY b0wpfckrSm vmNyD; q&mawG wynfhawG om;awG orD;awG ZeD;awG cifyGef;awG

rdom;pkawG aqGawG rsdK;awG bmawG nmawG vmNyD;qHkwmu tMumBuD;vm;/ cPav;vm;/ (cPav;yg

bk&m;)/ blwm½HkrSm &xm;pD;zdkY apmifhaewJh tcsdefav;yJ &Sdygw,f/ tcsdefwef usawmh olYvrf;oloGm;/ udk,fhvrf;

ukd,foGm;/ 'Dvkdjzifh olYvrf;oloGm;wm/ 'um? 'umrawG 0rf;enf;p&m &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ at;- tJ'Dawmh

cPav; blwm½H kawGUwJ htcg olUvrf;oloGm;wm/ trav;- igvGrf;vd k Y[,f/ id kvd kuf&wm/ a[m

bmrSvnf;[kwfwmr[kwfbl;/ uG,f&musawmh tvum;yJaemf/ a&SUwifawmh olvGrf;vdkY[,f? igidkvkduf&wm

rsufESmvnf; jyNyD; rsuf&nfawG usw,fqkdwm pojzifh rvmbl;vm;/ 'gu Oyrmaqmif a[mwmaygh/ Oyar,s

MunfhwJhtcgusawmh 'Db0rSm taz&,f? tar&,f? om;&,f? orD;&,f? ZeD;&,f? cifyGef;&,f vmNyD;awmh

wpfb0qHkjim; aomfvnf; wpfcsdefusawmh olYvrf;olavQmuf ukd,fvrf; ukd,favQmufwm/

t½l;Zmwfcif;&r,ft½l;Zmwfcif;&r,ft½l;Zmwfcif;&r,ft½l;Zmwfcif;&r,ft½l;Zmwfcif;&r,f

'Dvkdjzifh olYvrf;olavQmuf oGm;awmh 0rf;omp&maum &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ 0rf;enf;p&maum &dS&JUvm;/

(r&Sdygbl;)/ olUvrf;olavQmuf ukd,fhvrf; ukd,favQmufw,f qdkwmu tJ'g cEm&JUvrf;pOf/ tJ'DcEm&JU vrf;pOfudk

odwJhtcgusawmh 0rf;omp&mvnf;r&Sd? 0rf;enf;p&mvnf; r&Sd/ olvGrf;p&m aqG;p&mvnf; r&Sdbl;/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

(&Sif;ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dw&m;oabmudk oabmraygufwJhtcgusawmh 'um? 'umr awG ckeajymovdk

vGrf;wmawGa&m? aqG;wmawGa&m? bmawGa&m? nmawG a&m rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdk

tJ'gu t½l;xaewm/ bmjzpfaewmvJ/ (t½l;xaewmygbk&m;)/ 'Dw&m;rem&&if bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG

b,fZmwfxkyf cif;&rvJ/ t½l;ZmwfyJ cif;&rSmyJ/ wpfoHo&mvHk;u r½l;cJhbl;vm;/ (½l;cJhyg w,f)/ avmbeJU

½l;cJhw,f/ a'goeJY ½l;cJhw,f/ arm[eJU ½l;cJhw,f/ cifrifwmawG wG,fwmwmawG bmawG nmawG r½l;bl;vm;/

186


(½l;ygw,f)/ tJ'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]ykxkZÆaem Or®wåaum}} qdkwm wjcm;rjrifwm r[kwfbl;/ a[m'DcEmawGudk

rjrifwm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tcspfb,fuptcspfb,fuptcspfb,fuptcspfb,fuptcspfb,fup

ckyJ rsufpduae cEmawG y#dpöorkyÜg'fqufwmudk jrifawmh trav; aMumufp&mBuD;[/ 'Drsufpdawmif

'um? 'umrawG xdk;azmuf&r,fhtwdkif;/ 'Dom;orD;awGawmifrSyJ acsmifxkd;xm;&r,fhtwdkif; rjzpfbl;vm;/

(jzpfygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gu y#dpöorkyÜg'f uae (3)udk ul;oGm;wJh t"dyÜm,fyJ/ tifrwefaMumufp&maumif;ygw,f

a,m*DwdkY/

'Dawmh ,aeY 'Dy#dpö orkyÜg'fudk oifwJhtcgusawmh 'um? 'umrawG/ rsufpd&Sd&if rjrifbl;vm;/

(jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ jrifwdkif; jrifwdkif; wjcm;vkyf&rSmvm;/ ½I&rSmvm;/ (½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ rsm;rsm; r½Icsifaeygap/

jrifwmudk jrifw,fvdkY todyJ odxm;&ifqdk&ifyJ a[m aus;Zl;rrsm;bl;vm;/ (rsm;ygw,f)/ jrifwmudk jrifw,fqdkwJh

todav; odvkdufawmh owdy|mef/ jrifwmonf a,mufsm; rdef;r om;orD;jrifwmvm;? ½kyfemrfukd jrifwmvm;/

(½kyfemrfudk jrifwmyg bk&m;)/

w&m;enf;enf;jrifhvmNyD;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ om;orD;jrif&rSmvm;/ ½kyfemrfudk jrif&rSmvm;/ (½kyfemrfukd

jrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ ZeD; cifyGef;jrif&rSmvm;/ ½kyfemrfjrif&rSmvm;/ (½kyfemrfjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ om;orD;&,f? ZeD;

cifyGef;&,f bm&,fnm&,fjrif&if a0'emypö,m (wPSmygbk&m;)/ wPSmypö,m (Oyg'gef)/ Oyg'geypö,m (ur®b0)/

ur®b0 ypö,m (Zmwd)/ [dk wpfaeYu 'um? 'umrawG ]]Z#dv}} taMumif; bkef;BuD; ur®óuwm or®m'd|dOmPf

rSm a[mcJhNyD;NyD/ ]]Z#dv}} &JU tar olaX;orD; bHk 7-qifhuae 'ku©a&muf oGm;wm wjcm;ua&mufwmvm;?

rsufpdu a&mufwmvm;/ (rsufpdu a&mufwmygbk&m;) tu,fvdkYom tJ'Dola|;orD; arG;uwnf;u uef;ae&if

'ku©a&mufyghrvm;/ (ra&mufygbl;bk&m;)/ uJ-pOf;pm;Munfh? [kdrSm 0dZÆm"kd&feJU oGm;NyD; awGUvkdufawmh oVm,we

zó a0'em/ a0'emypö,m wPSm/ 0dZÆm"kd&fudk cifwmu wPSm? pGJvef;wmu Oyg'gef/ rjrif& raeEdkif pGJvrf;

wmuae aemufqHk;awmh 0dZÆm"dk&feJY twlaewmu ur®b0/ ur®b0ypö,m Zmwd/ ola|;orD; 'ku©ra&mufbl;vm;/

(a&mufygw,f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh 'Dola|;orD; 'ku©a&mufwm/ wjcm;upwmvm;? rsufpdu pwmvm;/ (rsufpdu

pwmygbk&m;)/

rsufpdy#dpöorkyÜg'fudk rjzwfvdk Y 'ku©a&mufoGm;wmaemf/ uJ --'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkd Y 'um?

'umrawG[mvnf; tck okcawGeJUvm;? 'ku©awGeJYvm;/ ('ku©awGeJUygbk&m;)/ arG;wkef;u tJ'D'ku©awGyg&JUvm;/

(rygygbl;bk&m;)/ b,fvdkb,fvkda&mufvmwmvJ/ rsufpdupwm/ tararG;wkef;u ESpfa,mufwGJ arG;wmvm;?

wpfa,mufxJvm;/ (wpf a,mufxJygbk&m;)/ rsufpdu tNidrfraeEdkifbl;av/ pOf;pm;Munhf a,m*DwdkY uJ/ rsufpd&Sdwm

rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ a[mjrifawmh Muifem wmawG jzpfvma&m? cifwmawG jzpfvma&m/ pGJvrf;wmawG

jzpfvma&m/ oleJU olr&Sdrjzpfbl;qdkawmh ur®b0ypö,m Zmwd? 'ku©awG a&mufukefa&m? ckrSyJ igvnf; 'ku©awG

a&mufvdkufwm/ 'um? 'umrawG cg;pnf;om cHawmh/ ajcvGefvufvGef jzpfukefNyDav/ oabmyg&JUvm;/

okdYaomf bkef;BuD; wdkY a,m*Drsm; aqGawmf rsdK;awmfawG tm;ri,f ygeJU/ tem&Sd&if aq;&Sdw,f/ [dkuae

NyD;wJhudpö NyD;NyDxm;/ twdwfudkvnf; jyefrBuHeJU/ twdwfudk jyefawG;p&mvdkao; vm;/ (rvdkygbl;bk&m;)/ NyD;oGm;NyD/

rpOf;pm;eJUawmhaemf/ tem*wfonf reufjzefonf ra&mufao;wJhtwGuf rpOf;pm;eJU/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

(&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ twdwfvnf; rjyefeJY? tem*wfvnf; rBuHeJU/ bmwJhvJ/ (twdwfvnf; rjyefeJU? tem*wfvnf;

rBuHeJU/ at;-wdkYb0awG b,fvkduae b,fvdkpNyD; b,fvdkjzpfvmvdkY b,fvdk om;awG orD;awG aqGawG

rsdK;awGeJY b,fvdkjzpfvmvJvdkY rBuHeJYawmh? rjyefeJUawmh/ reufjzefuswdkYbmvkyf&OD;r,f qkdwmvnf; rBuHeJUawmh?

187


&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ tJ'Dvdk ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhudk 'um? 'umrawG ½Iwmonf wjcm;vm;? 0dyóemvm;/

(0dyóemyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh 0dyóemqkdwm ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhyJ½Iw,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh jrif&if wjcm;½I&rSmvm;? jrifw,fvdkY ½I&rSmvm;/ (jrifw,fvkdY ½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh jrifwmonf

wjcm;vm;? ½kyfeJY emrfvm;/ (½kyfeJUemrfygbk&m;)/ tjrifcH&wm ½kyfeJU emrfyJ/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh jrifvdkufwJh

½kyfemrfudk jrifw,fvdkY odvkdufwmonf wjcm;vm;? r*¾if 5-yg;vm;/ (r*¾if 5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tjrwfxGufoGm;NyD/

tjrwfxGufoGm;NyD/ jrifvdkufwJh r*¾if 5-yg;aemf/ tJ'D jrifvkdufwJh tcgusawmh 'DjrifwJh ½kyfemrfonf NrJovm;?

rNrJbl;vm;/ (rNrJygbl;bk&m;)/ rNrJbl;vdkY odvkdufwJh tcgusawmh wjcm;aowmvm;? oów'd|daowmvm;/

(oów'd|d aowmygbk&m;)/ jrifw,f jrifw,fvkd Y qufrSwfawmh aemufwpfcg tpm;rxkd;bl;vm;/

(tpm;xdk;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tpm;xkd;w,fvdkY odvdkufwJh tcgusawmh jywfoGm;wmvm;? tpm;xkd;wmvm;/

(tpm;xdk;wmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh jywfw,f awmufw,f qdkwJh Oapä''d|d raobl;vm;/ (aoygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

yHkaoenf;udk a,m*DwdkY rSwfxm;/

* tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|dao/ tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|dao/

tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|dao/ tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|dao/

tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|dao/

tpm;xkd;wm(jzpfwm)udk jrif&if Oapä''d|dao tpm;xkd;wm(jzpfwm)udk jrif&if Oapä''d|dao

tpm;xkd;wm(jzpfwm)udk jrif&if Oapä''d|dao tpm;xkd;wm(jzpfwm)udk jrif&if Oapä''d|dao

tpm;xkd;wm(jzpfwm)udk jrif&if Oapä''d|dao/

tJ'Dawmh jzpfysufqkdwJh pum;vHk;eJY ed*Hk;csKyfaemf/

tJ'DjzpfwmawG[m a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvfowå0gawGvm;/ cEmawGvm;/ (cEmawGygbk&m;)/ cEmudk

cEmvkdY odvkdufNyDqkduwnf;u ouúm,'d|draobl;vm;/ (aoygw,fbk&m;)/ a[m--a,m*DwdkY q&m orm;\

ÓmPfudk rSDí tEkaAm"ÓmPfaemf/ q&morm;\ ÓmPfudk rSDwmu tEkaAm"ÓmPfvdkY ac:w,f/ udkf,fwkdif;udk,fus

vufawGUusus tm;xkwf wmu y#da0"ÓmPfvdkY ac:w,f/ tck a,m*DwkdY ÓmPf 2 ÓmPf&&r,f/ uJ-qkd

tEkaAm"ÓmPf? y#da0"ÓmPf/ tEkaAm"ÓmPfqdkwm q&mhÓmPfudk rSDwm/ tcka,m*DwkdYudk y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk ajymaeNyD/

[m- ay:qJ ½kyfemrfonf jzpfw,f/ ysufw,f/ 'Dvdk½Iygqkdwm a,m*DwdkY odoGm;NyD/ b,folUÓmPfudk rSDodwmvJ/

(q&mhÓmPfudk rSDodwmygbk&m;)/ *kPfwufoGm;NyDa,m*DwkdY/

udk,fwdkifudk,fusav; rsufpdav;yJ rSdwfrSdwf? vufawGUusus tm;xkwfvkduf&if 'Dtwkdif; wu,frjrif&bl;vm;/

(jrif&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'DÓmPfonf wjcm;ÓmPfvm;/ y#da0"OmPfvm;/ (y#da0"ÓmPfygbk&m;)/ okdYjzifh a,m*DwkdYrSm

ÓmPf 2-ÓmPf&&r,f/ tEkaAm"ÓmPf&,f/ y#da0" ÓmPf&,f/ tJ'DÓmPf 2-ÓmPfeJU ½Ivkduf&if? a,m*DwdkY Munfh

'Dw&m;u r&bJ r&Sdbl;/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh ckejyefajymr,f/ tysufudk jrif&if bm'd|dao/ (oów'd|d

aoygw,fbk&m;)/ tjzpfudk jrifawmh bm'd|dao/ (Oapä''d|daoygw,f)/ tJ'Djzpfysufwm yk*¾dKvfowå0g? a,mufsm;

rdef;rawGvm;? cE¨mawGvm;/ (cE¨mawGygbk&m;)/ puwnf;u cE¨mudk cE¨mvkdY odvkdufawmh bm'd|dao/

(ouúm,'d|daoygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if tJ'gudk q&morm;\ÓmPfudk rDSNyD; todeJY 'd|dao&if plV aomwmyef?

b,favmuf0rf;omp&maumif;vJ/ plVaomwmyefuae udk,fwdkifyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfvkdufvdkY tyGm;eJY ty,feJU

'd|dao&if r[maomwmyef/

tJ'Dawmh plVaomwmyefqkdawmh t&Sifbk&m; bmaus;Zl;rsm;rvJ/ [kwfNyD/ wpfb0? ESpfb0 tyg,frusbl;/

tmrcHcsuf&Sdw,f/ bmwJhvJ/ (wpfb0? ESpfb0 tyg,frusygbl;bk&m;)/ 'DrSm 'g odyfta&;BuD;ygw,f/

a[m- ,aeY a,m*DwkdYu a[m'D y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;udk emwJhtcg usawmh ½kyfyJemrfyJvdkY odvdkuf&if

bm'd|dao/ (ouúm,'d|d aoygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'D ½kyfemrfukd olrsm;yg;pyfzsm;udk vrf;rqHk;bJeJU udk,fwdkif ukd,fus

apmifhNyD; ½IvkdY&Sd&if tysufudkjrif&if bm'd|dao/ (oów'd|daoygw,f bk&m;)/ tpm;xkd;wmjrif&if bm'd|dao/

(Oapä''d|daoygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gudk q&morm;a[mwmav;udk aoaocsmcsm *CePem;vnfvdkY oabm

ayguf&ifudkyJ plVaomwmyef rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ a[m--tmrcH csuf&oGm;NyD/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f

bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh a,m*DwdkY ,aeYemwJh y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; opömw&m;onf tmrcHcsuf&Sdaom w&m;vkdY qHk;jzwfcsufcs/

188


tJ'D tmrcHcsuf&Sdwmonf wjcm;w&m;emvdkYvm;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;emvdkYvm;/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;emvdkYygbk&m;)/

qufwm udkvnf; od&r,f/ jzwfwmudkvnf; odr,f/

tJ'Dvkd rsufpdy#dpöorkyÜg'f emNyD;awmh rjzwf&if aeYpOfaeYwkdif; y#dpöorkyÜg'f rqufbl;vm;/ (qufygw,fbk&m;)/

wpfaeYtBudrfaygif; b,favmufquf/ (ra&rwGufEkdifygbl;bk&m;)/ 'DuaeY acwfpm;aewJh uGefysLwmeJU wGufawmif

uGefysLwm ysufpD;oGm;r,f/ 'Davmufrsm;wm/ tJ'gavmufrsm;w,fqkdw,fqkdawmhum tyg,fuae

wufEdkifyghOD;rvm;/ (rwufEdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 'Dr*¾iftvkyfudk rvkyforQ umvywfvHk; vlrjzpfao;ygbl;

a,m*DwdkY/ vljzpfaomfvnf; xrif;pm;vkdY BuD;wJhvlyJ&Sdr,f/ ao&iftyg,fusr,fh vlyJ jzpfygw,f/ ta&;rBuD;wmvm;?

ta&;BuD; wmvm;/ (ta&;BuD;wmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh rsufpduae pwJhtwGuf rdrdwdkYrSm [dkrSm tyg,fukd a&mufw,f/ 'gaMumifh q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;u

vG,fvG,fulul rSwfrdatmif bmaqmifyk'fuav;ay;xm;vJqkdawmh--

*rsufpdujzpf wPSmnpfudkrsufpdujzpf wPSmnpfudk

rsufpdujzpf wPSmnpfudkrsufpdujzpf wPSmnpfudk

rsufpdujzpf wPSmnpfudk

cGmypfEk dif&ef eifonf;cHcGmypfEk dif&ef eifonf;cH

cGmypfEk dif&ef eifonf;cHcGmypfEk dif&ef eifonf;cH

cGmypfEk dif&ef eifonf;cH

edAÁmefa&muf rnf{uefwnf;/edAÁmefa&muf rnf{uefwnf;/

edAÁmefa&muf rnf{uefwnf;/edAÁmefa&muf rnf{uefwnf;/

edAÁmefa&muf rnf{uefwnf;/

tJ'Dawmh rsufpduae jzpfvdkufawmh a[m-- a0'emypö,m wPSm/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf 'ku©a&mufNyD/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh a0'emeda&m"m wPSm eda&ma"m/ a0'emeda&m"m wPSmeda&ma"mjzpfatmif 'um? 'umrawG

a0'emjzpfwkdif; jzpfwdkif; wjcm;0if&rSmvm;? r*¾if0if&rSmvm;/ (r*¾if0if&rSmyg bk&m;)/ b,fESyg;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'D r*¾if 5-yg;eJU jrif&ifjrifw,fvdkY odvkduf&if r*¾if 5-yg;yJ/ a[m em;uMum;&if Mum;w,fvdkY odvdkuf&if

r*¾if 5-yg;/ ESmacgif;u arT;&ifeH&if arT;w,feHw,fvdkY odvdkuf&if r*¾if 5-yg;yJ/ vQmay:rSm csdK&ifcsKdw,fvkdYod&if

r*¾if 5-yg;/ b,favmuf tzdk;wefvdkufvJ/ pdwfu BuHpnf&ifBuHpnfw,fvdkYod&if r*¾if 5-yg;/ reufu ajymcJhw,f/

t0wf0wf&if t0wf0wfwmav;udk od&r,faygh/

qdkzmukvm;xkdif xdkifwJhtcgusawmh rxdawGUbl;vm;/ xd&if xdwmav;odvkdufyg a,m*DwdkY/ xkdifprf;yg/

wu,fhtaumif;pm;awG xkdifprf;yg--aemf/ taumif;pm;udk xkdifwJhtcgusawmh xd&if xdwmudk od&if wjcm;&wmvm;?

r*¾if&wmvm;/ (r*¾if&wmygbk&m;)/ trav;--'Dvdkqkdzmukvm;xkdifav; xkdifvkduf&wm/ ighudk Nidrf

ZdrfusoGm;w,fqkdwm wjcm;vSrf;Munhfwmvm;/ ',ftdk;vSrf;Munfhwmvm;/ (',ftdk;vSrf;Munfhwm ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

tdrfrSmypönf;aumif;aumif;oHk;&if owdxm;OD;/ ypönf;aumif;aumif;oHk;wm a[m'Dy#dpöorkyÜg'fom rjzwf&if oHk;wdkif;

okH;wdkif; wjcm;aus;Zl;jyKrSmvm;? tyg,faus;Zl;jyKrSmvm;/ (tyg,faus;Zl;jyK rSmygbk&m;)/ 'DrSmav ckESpfpOfwef;wm/

reufuvnf; um,eJU ywfoufwm a,m*DwdkY oifNyD;NyDav/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh em;&Sdawmh em;y#dpöorkyÜg'f/

rsufpd&Sdawmh rsufpdy#dpöorkyÜg'f/ vQm&Sdawmh vQmy#dpö orkyÜg'faygh/ vQmy#dpöorkyÜg'fuawmh aeYwkdif; a,m*DwkdYudk

oifaewmyJ/

a&uef\tjypfr[kwfa&uef\tjypfr[kwfa&uef\tjypfr[kwfa&uef\tjypfr[kwfa&uef\tjypfr[kwf

tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwdkYu wpfoufvHk; wpfoHo&mvHk;u wpfudk,fvHk; ayvmwJh &THawGayghav/ wpfudk,fvHk;

ayvmw,fqkdwmu rpifeJYwlw,faygh/ udavomqdkwm wjcm;eJUwlwmvm;? rpifeJUwlwmvm;/ (rpifeJUwlwmyg

bk&m;)/ wpfudk,fvHk; wpfxnfvHk; wpfoufvHk; wpfcgwnf;rSudk ESmacgif;udk rwifEdkifavmufatmif eHvmwJh

rpifawG ayvmw,fxm;OD;awmh/ 'DuaeY a&wpfcsufuav; csdK;csvkduf&if raysmufbl;vm;/ (aysmufygw,fbk&m;)/

'DuaeY wpfoufvHk; wpfoHo&mvHk;u a[m'D tm½Hk 6-yg;? 'Gg& 6-aygufeJUay:wJh tcsdeftcgrSm avmb a'go

arm[ rme 'd|dawG ay:aewmu rpifvl;aewmeJUwlw,f/

,cktcsdefcgrSm jrifwkdif; r*¾ifav;udef;vkdufwmu a&aq;wmeJY wlw,f/ 'Dawmh a,m*DwdkUrSm wpfoufvHk;

189


wpfoHo&mvHk;u 'Dtwdkif; aevmwm rpifawG ayaewm/ rpifawG ayrSef;od&if 'Dwdkif;ae&rSmvm;/ a&aq;&rSmvm;/

(a&aq;&rSmygbk&m;)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY a[m'DrSm rdrdwdkYrSm r*¾ifqdkwJh a&&SdygvsufeJU raq;bl;qkd&if

udk,fhavmuf rdkufwJhol &SdOD;rvm;/ 'gaMumifh 0dok'g½kHq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

* rpifvl;vQif at;Munfvifonfh rpifvl;vQif at;Munfvifonfh

rpifvl;vQif at;Munfvifonfh rpifvl;vQif at;Munfvifonfh

rpifvl;vQif at;Munfvifonfh

a&pif&S dvQuf raq;&uf a&pif&S dvQuf raq;&uf

a&pif&S dvQuf raq;&uf a&pif&S dvQuf raq;&uf

a&pif&S dvQuf raq;&uf

uefwGuf r[kwfay/ uefwGuf r[kwfay/

uefwGuf r[kwfay/ uefwGuf r[kwfay/

uefwGuf r[kwfay/

tJ'Dawmh rpifawG ayvdkY usHvdkY &Sd&if a&av;eJU aq;vdkufvdkY &Sd&if udpörjywfbl;vm;/ (jywfygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'gaMumifhrdkY y#dpöorkyÜg'f qufoGm;wm wjcm;eJYwlwmvm;? rpifeJYwlwmvm;/ (rpifeJUwlwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

y#dpöorkyÜg'f rqufbJeJU tckwpfcsufuav;jzwfvdkufwmonf wjcm;eJU wlwmvm;? a&eJUwlwmvm;/

(a&eJUwlwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwdkY em;rSmvnf;yJ y#dpöorkyÜg'f odyfaMumufp&maumif;w,f/

atmifEd kifoatmifEd kifoatmifEd kifoatmifEd kifoatmifEd kifol

tJ'Dawmh em;y#dpöorkyÜg'f jzwfEkdifzdkYtwGufu owdy|mefav; OD;pm;ay;? a,m*DwdkY/ w&m;uvnf;

ed*Hk;csKyfr,fqkdawmh tdrfjyefwJh tcgrSm 'gav; owdawmh ay;vkdufyg&ap/ em;&Sdw,faemf/ em;u y#dpöorkyÜg'f

rjzwf&if [kdrSmrqufbl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh em;udk a,m*DwdkY toHk;csyg/ bkef;BuD;wdkufwGef;csifwmu [m 'Dvkdjzifh

em;&Sdawmh b,fvdktoHk;csrvJ/ 'Dawmh aumif;wmav; Mum;awmhavmb? oGm;NyD/ olwdkY ajymwmqdkwmudk

odyfrBudKuf&if a'go? oGm;NyD/ em;tay:rSm cE¨may:wm rodawmh arm[? oGm;NyD/ wjcm;oGm;wmvm;/

tyg,foGm;wmvm;/ (tyg,foGm;wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd roGm;atmif a,m*DwdkY owdy|mefav;udef;yg/ tJ tdrfrSm

'umBuD; awG 'umrBuD;awG &Sdw,f/ ukd,fhZeD;armifESHawG&Sdw,f/ bmyJajymajym owdy|mefudkrvGwfapeJU/

bkef;BuD;wkdufwGef;csifwmuaemf 'g--tdrfyg vufaqmifay;aeNyDaemf/ bmudk tm;udk;&rvJ/ (owdy|mefygbk&m;)/

owdy|mefudk tm;udk;&r,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'umBuD;uvnf; 'umrBuD; ajymwmudk rMum;bl;vm;/ (Mum;ygw,f)/

'umrBuD;uvnf; 'umBuD; ajymwmudk rMum;bl;vm;/ (Mum;ygw,f)/ odkYaomf Mum;w,fqkdwmu rajymvkdY

Mum;wmvm;? ajymvdkYMum;wmvm;/ (ajymvdkYMum;wmygbk&m;)/

uJ- 'Dvdkjzifh&if tdrfrSm bkef;BuD;wdkY udk,fhaqGawG rsdK;awG rdawG zawG 'umBuD;awG 'umrBuD;awG[m

b,folu ydkNyD;awmh ylnHylnH tajymrsm;vJ/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fhtaMumif;ukd,fodaemf/ tif;- tajymrsm;&if Mum;awmhr,f/

tJ'Dawmh 'umrBuD; tajymrsm;w,fqd k&if 'umBuD;awG owdxm;aemf/ jyefrajymeJU/ Mum;w,f

Mum;w,fvkdYrSwfaeaemf/ olY[m olarmNyD; NidrfoGm;vdrfhr,f/ a[m olY[molajymaewm olYa'goeJUoloGm;NyD/ [dkrSm-

',ftdk;vSrf;Munfhwm/ a[m- udk,fuvnf; udk,fh[mudk,f Mum;w,f Mum;w,fqkdwmu 'um? 'umrawG

'DrSmMunfh edAÁmefudkoGm;rSm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh olYvrf;olavQmuf udk,fhvrf;udk,favQmuf/

tJ'Dawmh Mum;&if Mum;w,fvkdY wpfcsufuav; ½Ivdkuf&if tJ'gatmifEdkifoljzpfoGm;NyD/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'g

y#dpöorkyÜg'f udk 'Denf;eJU jzwfvdkuf&if 'um? 'umrawG avmurSm atmifygw,f/

w&m;uawmh a[mcsifao;w,f/ awmfOD;rSaemf/ uJ--w&m;yGJodrf; NyD; qkawmif;arw åmydkYvkdufMu&atmif/



( om"k --- om"k --- om"k )

d

190








rodjyHK; jyHK;aerodjyHK; jyHK;aerodjyHK; jyHK;aerodjyHK; jyHK;aerodjyHK; jyHK;ae


þ"r®obif qif,ifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuwm a,m*Drsm; 'DaeU b,fES&uf &SdNyDvJ/ (9-&ufajrmufygbk&m;)/

,aeY pcef;yGJ 9-&ufajrmuf eHeufjzpfoGm;NyDaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

9-&ufajrmufeHeufrSm bkef;BuD;wdkY aMunmxm;wJhtwdkif; a,m*Drsm; y&d,wfomoemudef;zdkY q&mwm0efyJvdkY

rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D y&d,wfomoema,m*DwdkY udef;oGm;&if t½kPfwufwmyJwJh/ y&d,wf

omoem b,favmufxd a,m*DwdkYudk aus;Zl;jyKEdkifvJqkd&if aoaocsmcsm cEmÓmPfa&muf oabmaygufoGm;NyD;

ÓmPfxJrSm &Sif;oGm;NyD? oHo,awG vGwfoGm;NyDqdk&if plVaomwmyef pcef;wufvSrf;EkdifwmyJayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'D plVaomwmyef pcef;wufvSrf;oGm;vdkY&Sd&if tmrcHcsuf&SdNyDaygh/ (rSefvSyg)/

omref'ge tmrcHvkdY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ omrefoDv tmrcHvdkY&&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if

,ckplVaomwmyefpcef; a&mufoGm;wm tck a,m*Dwd k Y tm;vH k;wGuf tmrcHcsuf&S d Ny D/ (rSefvSyg)/

b,fvdktmrcHcsuf&dSovJqdkawmh wpfb0 ESpfb0awmh tyg,fpdwfcs &w,f/ rusbl;wJhaemf/ wpfb0 ESpfb0

tyg,frusbl;/ ½dk;½dk; 'Dvdkw&m;udk rem tm;rxkwf&if rd½dk;zvmavmufeJU wif;wdrfaevQif bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*D

awG tmrcHcsuf&Sdyghrvm;/ (r&Sdygbl; bk&m;)/ 'g tifrwef tjrifhw&m;awG a[mwJhtcgusawmh txufwef;

Ak'bmomrsm;twGuf ta&;BuD;w,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJh vlOD;a&eJUwGufr,fqkd&if rlvwef;Ak'bmomeJU tv,fwef;Ak'bmomavmufrsm;ygw,f/

txufwef;wufvSrf;EdkifwJh yk*¾dKvfu vlwpf&m wpfa,mufr&Sdao;bl; a,m*DwdkY/ urÇmhpHcsdefeJUwGuf&if

ajymraeeJUawmhaemf/ tifrwef ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh y&d,wf omoemtaeeJU udef;zdkYudk uJ 7-rsdK;udk

oifMur,fvdkY aMunmwmayghaemf/ 7-rsdK;u bmawGvJ/ (cEm? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpöorkyÜg'f? t½IcH?

t½IÓmPf) qkdNyD;awmh ,aeY a,m*DwdkYudk t½IcHeJU t½IÓmPfqkdNyD;awmh oD;oefYav; oifwef;oGm;ygr,f/ 'grSvnf;yJ

pcef;yGJwpfyGJNyD;oGm;wJhtcg xkdufonfhtm;avsmfpGm odoifhwmav;vnf; odoGm;atmifaygh [kwfvm;/ okdYaomf

tukefawmh rpHkbl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'Dpcef;av; wpfpcef;od½Hk avmufeJU 'um?'umrawG pHkw,fvkdY rxifeJU

[kwfvm;/ wu,fawmh bkef;BuD;oifay;&rSm y#dpöorkyÜg'f 6-rsdK;udk wpfckpD tao;pdwf oifzdkYudk usefygao;w,f/

okdYaomf tJ'geJUwif tcsdefukefoGm;rSm pdk;vdkY 'DuaeY t½IcHeJU t½IÓmPf[m a,m*DwdkYvufxJrSm oifwef;pm&GufawG

&Sdw,faemf/ tJ'DvufxJu &SdwJhoifwef;pm&Gufu usefaevdkYrjzpfbl;/ tJ'Dawmh ,aeYoif&r,fh oifwef;u

pdwåmEkyóem ½IyGm;enf;udk aus;Zl;jyKygr,f/

'Dawmh tEkyóem 4-yg;&Sdw,f/ 'gav; A[kokwrSwfygOD;/ b,fESpfyg;&Sd/ (4-yg;&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/

um,mEkyóem? a0'emEkyóem? pdwåmEkyóem? "r®mEkyóem&,f tEkyóem b,fESpfyg;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/

tJ'D tEkyóem 4-yg;qkdwm t½IcHw&m;udk ajymaeygw,f/ tck bkef;BuD; wkdY aMunmwJhtxJrSm t½IcH

t½IÓmPf r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ tck tEkyóem 4-yg;onf bmygvdrfh/ (t½IcHw&m;ygbk&m;)/ t½IcHw&m;

qkdawmh ½kyfjzpfwdkif; ½kyfjzpfwdkif; ½Iaewmu um,mEkyóem owdy|mef/ cHpm;wkdif; cHpm;wkdif; ½Iaewmu

a0'emEkyóem owdy|mef/ pdwfjzpfwdkif; jzpfwdkif; ½Iwmu pdw åmEkyóem owdy|mef/ oabm½Iwmu

"r®mEkyóem owdy|mef&,fvdkY b,fESpfyg; (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh owdy|mefw&m; 4-yg;u avhvmpmzwfxm;wJh

yk*¾dKvfawGuawmh 'Davmuf txl;&Sif;p&m rvdkbl;ayghaemf/ tckrS pcef;xJa&mufvmwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;twGufu 'g

191


odyf ta&;BuD;ygw,f a,m*DwdkY/ uJ--vkdufqkdvdkuf/

* ½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ ½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ ½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

tJ'g pmvdk um,mEkyóem owdy|mefayghaemf/ trsm;em;vnfwJh pum;eJUusawmh ½kyfjzpfwdkif; jzpfwkdif;

bmvkyf&rvJ/ (½I&ygr,fbk&m;)/ tJ'g bmEkyóem/ (um,mEkyóem)/ uJ--jyefajymr,f/

* ½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm ½I&rnf/ ½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm ½I&rnf/

½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm ½I&rnf/ ½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm ½I&rnf/

½kyfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm ½I&rnf/

* cHpm;wdk dif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ cHpm;wdk dif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

cHpm;wdk dif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ cHpm;wdk dif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

cHpm;wdk dif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

cHpm;wdkif;qdkwmu bmtEkyóemvJ/ (a0'emEkyóem owd y|mef)/ cHpm;wkdif; ½Iwmu (a0'emEkyóem)/

jyefajymr,faemf/

* cHpm;wkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ cHpm;wkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

cHpm;wkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ cHpm;wkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

cHpm;wkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

uJ--aemufwpfcsufu

* pdwfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ pdwfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

pdwfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ pdwfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

pdwfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

pdwfjzpfwkdif; jzpfwkdif;½I&wm bmtEkyóemvJ/ (pdwåmEkyóemyg bk&m;)/ aemufwpfcsuf---

* oabmwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ oabmwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

oabmwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ oabmwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

oabmwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

oabmwkdif; ½Iwmu "r®mEkyóem/ 'Dawmh tEkyóem tck b,fESpfyg;/ (4-yg;ygbk&m;)/ uJ--

qkdMunhfyg/

* ½kyfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ ½kyfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

½kyfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ ½kyfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

½kyfjzpfwkdif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

* cHpm;wdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ cHpm;wdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

cHpm;wdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ cHpm;wdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

cHpm;wdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

* pdwfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum pdwfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum

pdwfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum pdwfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum

pdwfjzpfwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

* oabmwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ oabmwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

oabmwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/ oabmwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

oabmwdkif;om pl;pk dufum aocsm½I&rnf/

* ½IvQif ½IvQif trSefjrif jynf0if edAÁmefjyn ½IvQif ½IvQif trSefjrif jynf0if edAÁmefjyn

½IvQif ½IvQif trSefjrif jynf0if edAÁmefjyn ½IvQif ½IvQif trSefjrif jynf0if edAÁmefjyn

½IvQif ½IvQif trSefjrif jynf0if edAÁmefjynf/

tJ'g owdy|mef 4-yg;udk a,m*DwdkY ½I&rSm/ tck-,aeY0dyóem w&m;tm;xkwfaewm tajccHonf

wjcm;w&m;vm;? owdy|mef w&m;vm;/ (owdy|mefw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tcka,m*DwkdYudk aeYwkdif; oifaewm aemf/

oGm;&ifvnf; oGm;wmudk ½Iyg/ roifbl;vm;/ (oifygw,f)/ &yf&if vnf; &yfwmudk ½Iyg/ roifbl;vm;/

(oifygw,fbk&m;)/ t0wf0wf &ifvnf; t0wf0wfwmudk r½I&bl;vm;/ (½I&ygw,fbk&m;)/ aemufqHk;awmh

a&csdK;vnf; a&csdK;wmudk r½I&bl;vm;/ acgif;NzD;awmhvnf; acgif;NzD;wm r½I&bl;vm;/ (½I&ygw,fbk&m;)/ trlt,mwdkif;

trlt,mwdkif;udk bmvkyf&rvJ/ (½I&ygr,fbk&m;)/ r½IvdkY r&bl; a,m*DwdkYaemf/ ½IwJhyk*¾dKvf twGufu ,aeY

touf&Sif&wm jrwfw,f/ r½IwJhyk*¾dKvftwGufu tEÅ&m,fBuD;eJUae&wm/ &efoleJU ae&wm/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqkdawmh

trlt&m wdkif; trlt&mwkdif;rSm pdwfawG olY[meJUol ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ ½kyfawG ray:bl;vm;/

(ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ cHpm;rIawG ray:bl;vm;/ (ay:yg w,f)/ tJ'gawG ay:aewmudk a,m*DwdkY r½IvdkY&Sd&if odyghrvm;/

(rodygbl; bk&m;)/

rodvdkY&Sd&if y#dpöorkyÜg'f yHkaoenf;eJUqkdawmh wjcm;jzpfwmvm;? t0dZÆmjzpfwmvm;/ (t0dZÆmjzpfwmygbk&m;)/

t0dZÆmonf ukokdvfvm;? tukokdvfvm;/ (tukodkvfygbk&m;)/ tJ'gae&if; xkdif&if;eJU bmrSrvkyfbJeJU wufaewJh

tukodkvfawG/ odkYaomf 'Dtukodkvfu 'Dwdkif;aerSmvm;? tusdK;ay;rSmvm;/ (tusdK;ay;rSmygbk&m;)/ taMumif;&Sd&if

tusdK;&d Sygw,f/ t0dZÆmtaMumif;&S d&if [dkuwd&pämef tusdK;ay;rSm/ tJ'Djzpfay:aewJh trlt&mawG

rsufawmifav;cwfwmu pNyD;awmh 'um? 'umrawG r½IrSwfbl;qkdawmh [dku t0dZÆm0ifwm/ t0dZÆm0ifwmeJU

wpfcgwnf; olU&JU wGJazmfwGJzuf todkif;t0ef;uvmNyD/ udk,fh[mav;eJU udk,f tqifajyaevdkY oabmusvdkY

jyHK;ae&if wjcm;vm;? avmbvm;/ (avmbygbk&m;)/ avmbNyHK;NyHK;wm/ odvdkY NyHK;wmvm;? rodNyHK;NyHK; aewmvm;/

192


(rodNyHK;NyHK; aewmygbk&m;)/ udk,fhb0av;eJU udk,fh[mav;eJU udk,ftqifajyae&if NyHK;aewm rodNyHK;NyHK;wmwJh/

rodwmu t0dZÆm/ NyHK;aewmu wPSmavmb/ a[m- t0dZÆmeJU wPSm0ifaeNyD/

b0puf0dkif;

tJawmh wPSm avmbqkdwmu BuD;rm;wJh tukokdvf r[kwfay r,fhvnf; &ifxJuae jzpfay:vmcJhwJh

tukodkvfw&m;awG/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f cGifcsMunfhvkdufwJhtcgusawmh avmbjzpfwdkif; jzpfwkdif; (0g) wPSmjzpfwkdif;

jzpfwdkif; wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? NydwåmjynfoGm;rSmvm;/ (NydwåmjynfoGm;rSmyg bk&m;)/ yH kaoenf;av;udk

Munfhodxm;wJhtcgusawmh udk,fhb0av;eJY udk,fhaeYpOf aeYwkdif;av; wpfcsuf ESpfcsuf oHk;csuf av;csuf owdav;xm;

xm;NyD; ESpfcg oHk;cg av;cgqdkovdk aeYpOfaeYwkdif; oGm;&if;vm&if; pm;&if; aomuf&if; csuf&if; jyKwf&if;

[kwfvm; - owdav;xm;ae&if udk,fhy#dpö orkyÜg'f udk,fjrifwmaygh a,m*DwkdY/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dvdk jrifNyDqkd&if

wpfcsuf uav;jrifw,fqdk&ifudkyJ 'um? 'umrawG? udk,fhtwGuf wpfouf pmtwGufudk taxmuftyHhr&bl;vm;/

(&ygw,fbk&m;)/ bmaMumifhvJ vdkYqkdawmh 'Dvdk wpfcsufuav;odvdkufwm wpfcsufuav;jrifvdkufwm

jzwfwmac:w,f/ bmvkyfwmvJ/ (jzwfwmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if 'Dy#dpöorkyÜg'fukd rjzwf&if awmufavQmufrqufbl;vm;/ (qufygw,fbk&m;)/ a0'emypö,m

(wPSmygbk&m;)/ aeYwdkif; aeYwdkif; jrifwdkif;quf Mum;wdkif;quf pm;wdkif;quf oGm;wkdif;quf 0wfwdkif;quf

aeYwkdif;quf tvum; aeYwdkif; aeYwdkif; qufaewm a0'emypö,m wPSm/ wPSmypö,m Oyg'geH/ Oyg'geypö,m

ur®b0/ ur®b0ypö,m Zmwd/ bmZmwd/ (i&JZmwdygbk&m;)/ tJ'g tdrfrSmaeorQ ttm;aeorQ tvum;

aeorQ tyg,fZmwdyJ jzpfw,fqkdwm bkef;BuD;ajcmufa[mwJh pum;vHk; wpfvHk;rS rygbl;/ a,m*DwdkY rsufpdeJU

tjrif a[m'DrSm om"u puf0dkif;BuD;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ 'Dpuf0dkif;BuD;[m ukd,fhb0&JU puf0dkif;BuD; yg

a,m*DwkdY/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif; 'Dwdkif;jzpfaew,fqkdwmudk vG,fvG,fulul rsufpdeJU jrifawmh ydkNyD;awmh rxif&Sm;bl;vm;/

(xif&Sm;ygw,f)/ puf0dkif;om r&Sd&if bkef;BuD;a[mcsifoavmuf a[m/ tmaygufNyD; vnfacsmif;om uGJoGm;r,f?

em;vnfrSmr[kwfbl; a[m/ 'DrSm rsufpdeJU jrif&w,fqkdawmh 'gNyD;&if 'gjzpfr,f/ 'gNyD;&if 'gjzpfr,f/ 'grjzpfapcsif&if

'grjzpfatmif jzwf/ a[m w&m;ur&Sif;bl;vm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh w&m;&Sif;oGm;&if udk,fh[meJUudk,f

tvkyfvkyfzdkY ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

rdat;ESpfcgemrdat;ESpfcgemrdat;ESpfcgemrdat;ESpfcgemrdat;ESpfcgem

tJ'Dawmh owdy|mefqkdawmh ckeu um,mEkyóem? a0'em? "r®? pdwåm tJ'Dvdk tEkyóem 4-yg;udk

BuHKwJh[mukdom a,m*DwdkY tm;xkwfyg/ BuHKwJh[m tm;xkwfr,fqkd&if 'Dawmh em;u Mum;vnf; Mum;wmod?

rsufpdu jrifvnf; jrifwmod? ESmacgif;u arT;vnf; arTwmod? eHvnf; eHwmod? pm;vnf; pm;wmod? trlt&mwdkif;

trlt&mwdkif; rod&bl;vm;/ (od&ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if od½Hkwifoday;wm bmrS 0efrav;ygbl;/ (rSefvSyg)/

a&av;wpfcGuf cyfvdkuf&wmrS tm;pdkuf& ao;w,f/ a,m*DwdkY odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/ a&av; wpfcGufaomufcsifvdkY

zefcGufuav;udkifNyD; cyfwm tm;rpdkuf&bl;vm;/ (pdkuf&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tm;pdkuf&w,f/ 'DrSm-tiftm;xnfhNyD;

oHk;vdkuf&NyD/ a&av;wpfcGuf cyfzdkY twGufudk/ tcka,m*DwdkYu jrif&ifjrifwmav; odaewm[m cGeftm;awG

pkdufzdkYvkdao;vm;/ (rvdkygbl;)/

okdYaomf owdtm; ÓmPftm;av;awmh pkduf&w,f/ bmrS0efrav; bl;aemf/ odkYaomf pump t&Sifbk&m;

0efrav;bl;vkdYom ajymw,f/ acR;'D;'D; usygw,f/ a[m -'guawmh rSefw,f 'um? 'umrwdkY/ acR;'D;'D;

usw,f qdkwm rSefw,f/ qkdMupkdY/ rdrd&JU pD;yGm;a&;udpöjzpfjzpf? vlrIa&;udpö? tdrfaxmifa&;udpö? udpöt00 vlwdkif;

vlwdkif; r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ wpfaeYukefoGm;vm vIyf&Sm;aewm 'um? 'umrawG trav;--'DaeY

igarmvkdufwm qkdwm nnf;wJhol enf;ygw,f/ enf;ygw,f/ wpfem&Dav; pBuøavQmufMunfhprf;--[dkem;cdk

193


'Dem;xkdif [dkem;uyf b,fvkdawG jzpfukefwmvJ/ wpfem&D--wpfem&Daemf/ wpfaeukef vIyf&Sm;aewkef;uawmh

nnf;&rSef;rodbl;/

'um? 'umrwdkY wpfem&DNyD;atmif avQmufqdkawmh anmif;w,f bk&m;a[m jzpfoGm;NyD/'Dvkdjzifh&if

wynfhawmfwkdY wpfaeukef vIyf&Sm; aewkef;awmh bmrS rjzpfbl;/ ckrS bmjzpfoGm;wmvJ a[m/ 'gvnf; xl;jcm;wJh

tcsufyJ/ wpfaeukef vIyf&Sm;aewmu t0dZÆmawGeJU wPSmawGeJU vIyf&Sm;wm/ tck a,m*DwkdY &dyfomudk a&mufNyD;awmh

trlt&mwkdif; rsufawmifav; cyfwmupNyD;awmh oGm;wkdif;? vmwdkif;? aewdkif;? xkdifwdkif;? pm;wdkif;? a&csdK;wmu

pNyD;awmh 0dZÆmÓmPfeJU/ tJ'Dawmh [kdrSm wpfaeukef vIyf&Sm;wmu t0dZÆmeJU/ t0dZÆma&SUoGm;awmh wPSm aemuf

rvdkufbl;vm;/ 'DrSmusawmh 0dZÆma&SUoGm;wJhtcgusawmh aemufu o'g ynmawG twlwlvkdufoGm;wmaygh/

odyfuGmw,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ajrjyifeJU aumif;uifvkd uGmygw,f/

tJ'Davmuf uGmvdkufawmh 0dZÆmeJUvnf; awGUvnf;awGUvdkufa&m tukefvHk;udk cEmudk,f&JU 'ku©awGudk

jrifvmwmvm;/ avQmufvnf;yJ 'um? 'umrawG 'ku©jrifvmwmyJ/ xkdifaevnf;yJ 'ku©jrifvmwmyJ/ oGm;aevnf;yJ

'ku©jrifvmwmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fht0dZÆmeJU udk,fhwPSmeJY qdkawmh tJ'D'ku©awG rjrifbl;/ b,fjrifrvJ zHk;xm;wmudk;/

bmvkyfxm; wmvJ/ (zHk;xm;wmygbk&m;)/ avmbu zHk;vdkuf? t0dZÆm arm[u zHk;vkduf? rmeu zHk;vkduf?

'd|duzHk;vdkuf? trsdK;rsdK;rzHk;bl;vm;/ tJ'DvdkawG zHk;xm;awmh trSefudk jrif&JUvm;/ (rjrifygbl;bk&m;)/ trSefudk

rjrifwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ oGm;&mvrf;pOfonf wjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,f oGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,foGm;rSm ygbk&m;)/ 'g

bkef;BuD;u acgif;pOfav;NcHK ajymvdkufwm/

'Dvkdjzifh tyg,foGm;r,fqkdawmh tyg,fu b,fESpfyg;/ (4-yg;)/ olY[mol olUvrf;eJUol cGJNyD;om; 'um?

'umrwdkY/ a&moGm;vkdY r&bl;/ avmbOD;aqmifwJh yk*¾dKvfu b,fudkoGm;r,f/ (Nydwåmjynf)/ NydwåmZmwdjzpfrSm

tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf ruRwfawmhbl;/ ao--ruRwfawmhbl;/ bkef;BuD;awG tvkyf ½IyfOD;r,f/ tJ'g b,folawmh aooGm;vdkY

ruRwfvdkYbk&m;/ t&Sifbk&m; ur®0gav; n§yfNyD;awmh ESifygOD; jzpfvmwmyJ/

tJ'Dawmh udk,fhudk,fudk odyfowd&SdzdkUaumif;w,f/ toufxif&Sm; &Sdwkef;? usef;usef;rmrm&Sdwkef;?

tcgaumif;wkef;? t&G,faumif;wkef;? tcsdef aumif;wkef;rSmvnf; om;a&; orD;a&; vlrIa&; pD;yGm;a&; 'Dtdrf

igr&Sd rjzpfbl;/ 'Dtvkyf igr&Sdrjzpfbl; qkdNyD; vkyfvdkuf&wm? aoawmhvnf; wpfcg bkef;BuD;yifhNyD;awmh

ur®0gn§yfNyD;awmh tESifcH&OD;r,f qkdawmh b,fESpfcgemwmvJ/ (2-cgemwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'g wjcm;rodvdkYvm;?

opömrodvdkYvm;/ (opömrodvdkYyg bk&m;)/

{nfhonf{nf honf{nf honf{nf honf{nf honf

tJ'Dawmh udk,fhrdawG zawG aqGawG rsdK;awG 'gaus;Zl;qyfwmaemf/ tJ'Dvdk rvm&atmif a[h? igb,folay:rSm

tm;udk;vkdYrjzpfbl;/ ighudk,fig tm;udk;&r,f/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fhw&m;udk tm;udk;&r,f/ ighudk,figqdkwmu 'Dudk,fBuD;

tm;udk;vdkY &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dudk,ftm;udk;vdkY r&wm 'Dudk,fu wjcm;udk,frdkY vdkY/ tokbudk,frdkYvdkY/

tokbcEm tm;udk;vdkYr&bl;/ wu,ftm;udk;&rSmu 'DcEmudk rSDí a,m*DwdkY tjrwfxkwfaewm/ 'DcEmudk,frSDNyD;awmh

tckr*¾ifawG r&bll;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tckr*¾ifawG &wmonf wjcm;vm;? tjrwfxkwfwmvm;/

(tjrwfxkwfwmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh avmb? a'go? arm[ tp&SdwJh udavomawG &wmonf wjcm;vm;?

t½IH;xGufwmvm;/ (t½IH;xGufwmygbk&m;)/ vlYb0rSm wpfaeYwm touf&SifwJhtcgrSm ½IH;wmeJU jrwfwm 'D 2-

csufyJ &Sdw,f/

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY tm;vHk;aom a,m*Drsm;u wpfaeYwpfaeY t½IH;eJU tcsdefukef&ifjzifh oGm;NyD/ aemuf

b,fawmhrS vljzpfawmhrSm r[kwfbl;/ 'DwpfcgyJ aemufqHk;vljzpfovdk jzpfoGm;r,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tck tifrwef

tcsdefaumif; tcgaumif; tcGifhaumif; q&maumif;awGeJU qHkwJh tcsdeftcgrSm wpfuGufuav; wpfcsufuav;

194


wpfvSdrfhuav;vSdrfh vdkuf&if uJ--'um? 'umrawG udk,fhtwGuf tmrcHcsufr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY tmrcHcsuf&Sdatmif 'Dw&m;ukd remcsifvnf; BudK;pm;NyD;awmh em/ tm;rxkwfcsifvnf; BudK;pm;NyD;awmh

tm;xkwfyg/ udk,fhtwGuf tmrcHcsuf&dSwJh w&m;rdkYvdkY? a,m*DwdkYudk wdkufwGef;aewmaygh aemf/ 'g bkef;BuD;pum;wpfvHk;rS

rygbl;a,m*DwdkY/

aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u 'Dtwkdif; wdkuf½dkufrdefYvdkY wpfqifhjyefNyD;awmh udk,fhaqGawmf

rsdK;awmf 'um? 'umrawGudk aus;Zl; qyfaomtm;jzifh owday;jcif;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tck vmNyD;tm;xkwfwm

wjcm;tm;xkwfwmvm;? 0dyóem tm;xkwfwmvm;/ (0dyóemtm;xkwf wmygbk&m;)/ 0dyóemonf bmudk½Ir,f/

(cEmukd ½I&ygr,fbk&m;)/ a[m'D? 'DcEmukd ½IvdkU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'DcEmonf wjcm;cEmvm;/ uHjrifcEmvm;/

(uHjrifcEmygbk&m;)/ tck a,m*DwdkY 0dyóem½Iwm bmudk½I&r,f/ (ÓmPfjrifcEmudk½I&ygr,fbk&m;)/ vljzpfvm

NyD;awmhrS ÓmPfjrifcE ¨mu bmygvdrfhvJvdkY rod&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfu atmufwef;pm; jzpfoGm;wm/ (rSefvSyg)/

bmjzpfoGm;wmvJ/ (atmufwef;pm;yg bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh ta&;BuD;qHk;u 0dyóem½IwJh yk*¾dKvf[m a&S;OD;pGm ½kyfemrfcEmukd

ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifodzdkYvdkygw,f/ trlt&mwdkif; trlt&mwdkif; jzpfay:wJh ½kyfemrf cEmudk ydkifydkifodzdkY ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/

(BuD;ygw,fbk&m;)/

'Dawmh tifrwef a&S;uaeNyD;awmh ukodkvffuHawG xl;vdkY vljzpf vmNyD;awmh ½kyfeJUemrfudkrS r½I&if bkef;BuD;wdkY

txufwef;pm; rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ 'Dawmh txufwef; Ak'bmomjzpfEdkifzkdYtwGufu tajccH od&rSmu wjcm;od&rSmvm;?

½kyfeJUemrfudk od&rSmvm;/ (½kyfeJUemrfudk od&rSm ygbk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY tifrwefudk uHxl;vdkYom

'Dvdk jzpf&w,fvdkY a,m*DwdkYoabmayguf/ tJ'Dawmh t½IcHudk ,aeY pdwåmEkyóemudk oifwJhtcgusawmh aus;Zl;&Sif

q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf trsm;em;vnfwJh pum;vHk;udk a&G;cs,fNyD;awmh oHk;wJhae&mrSmawmh jrefrmjynfrSm 2-

yg; r&Sdbl;/ jrefrmjynfvkdYajym&if urÇmeJU csDajymvkdY&wmaygh/ bmaMumifhvJvdkY qkdawmh wjcm;q&mawmfawG

q&mawmfawGvnf; ol U[me J Uol y d#uwfoH k ;y H k ar TaE Smuf Ny D ;awmh a[moGm;wmyJ/ tifrwef

awmufawmufajymifajymifudk 'um? 'umrawG? a[mwwf ajymwwfwmyJ/ odkYaomf ,ckvdk t&yfpum;eJU

t&yfom;awG em;vnfatmif a[mwJhae&mrSm jrefrmjynfrSm eHygwfwpf yJaemf/

'gudk rif;uGef;wdyd#u q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u bmrdefYoGm;vJqkd&if aMomf OD;0drvrsm; bk&m;&Sd&if

{w'*fay;rSmyJwJh/ OD;0drvqdkwm bkef;BuD;wdkY aus;Zl;&Sifrdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ bGJUawmf/ olwdkYeJU 0gawmfawGu

rwdrf;r,drf;awGudk;/ tJ'Dawmh tckbkef;BuD;wdk Y jrefrmEk difiHrSm tifrwef aevdkvvdk awmufoGm;wJh

rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; tckawmh ysHvGefawmf rloGm;NyDaemf/ yxrOD;qHk;aom wdyd#u"&q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

tJ'Dvdk csD;usL;w,f/ bk&m;rsm;&Sd&if OD;0drvawmh {w'*fay;avmufw,fwJh/ xkd;xkd;xGif;xGif; ajymEdkifvGef;vdkYaemf/

tckvnf;yJ pdw åmEkyómem½Ienf;udk bkef;BuD; pmawG&GwfomoGm;&if a,m*DwdkY wpfvHk;rS em;vnfrSmr[kwfbl;/

a[m tJ'gudk aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u jrefrmjyefenf;tm;jzifh ajymoGm;w,f/

repfemapeJUrepfemapeJUrepfemapeJUrepfemapeJUrepfemapeJU

tJ'Dpdwfudk {nfhonfeJU pum;ajymoGm;w,f/ {nfhonfqkdawmh bkef;BuD;wdk Y jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&S dwJh

wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk; {nfhonfqkdwm em;vnf oGm;NyD/ {nhfonfqdkwm[m acwåcPvmw,f/ NyD;&if jyefw,f/

tdrf&Sif r[kwfbl;/ 'Davmufxd em;vnfoGm;NyDaygh/ tJ'Dawmh {nfhonfrSmawmifrS q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

tjyif{nfhonfu wpfrsdK;uG? twGif;{nfhonfu wpfrsdK;uGqkdNyD; {nfhonfawmif 2-rsdK;cG Jxm;w,f/

{nfhonfb,fESrsdK;cGJ xm;vJ/ (2-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh pdwfudk {nfonfh Oyrmay;NyD; a[moGm;wm ydkNyD;awmh

xifvG,fjrifvG,fwmaygh/ aumif;NyD/ 'Dawmh tjyif{nfhonfu b,fESpdwfvJ/ (5-pdwf)/ tjyif{nfhonf 5-pdwf/

a[m'Dpm&GufxJrSm &Sdxm;NyDayghaemf/ tJ'DrSm tckbkef;BuD;wdkY 'DESpfydkif;usawmh tJ'Doifwef;pm&GufxJrSm jyifxm;w,f/

195


[dk;t&ifwkef;uawmh tjyif{nfhonf 5-a,muf? twGif;{nfhonf 6-a,muf/ tJ'gvnf; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

Mo0g'twkdif;yJ/ ,ckawmh tJ'gav;awG jyifxm;w,f/ tjyif{nfhonfpdwf 5-ckaemf? twGif;{nfhonfpdwf 6-ck/

'Dvkdjyifvdkufw,f/

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY "r®obif tpnf;ta0;nDvmcHvkyfwJh tcgusawmh tcsdKUu axmufw,f/

t&Sifbk&m;wkdY 'Dvdkjyifwm[m t&ifpm awGu rSm;aevdkYvm;vdkU ar;p&mudk jzpfvmw,f/ rrSm;ygbl;wJh/ rSefygw,f/

t&ifa[mxm;wm q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;a[mxm;wm a'oempOf udkufa[m xm;wmyJ/ okdYaomf ,aeYacwf[m

'um? 'umrawG wkd;wufwJh acwfBuD; aemf/ urÇmBuD;u tifrwefusOf;oGm;ygNyD/ usOf;oGm;awmh ,aeY 'Dw&m;

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atmifqef;&dyfomu wpfckygw,faemf/ 'g EkdifiHawmfuae owfrSwfxm;wm/ EkdifiHjcm;ol EkdifiHjcm;om;awG

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tudkuf jzpfatmifvnf; wpfaMumif;qkdNyD;awmh acwfeJUpepfESifh vkdufavsmnDaxG wpfajy;nDnDjzpfatmifqkdNyD;awmh

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ayghaemf/

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'Dw&m;r&bl;qkd&if 'um? 'umrawGtwGuf odyfepfem ygw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ repfembl;vm;/ (epfemygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'gaMumifhrdkY ,ckvdk 'Dw&m;awGudk ,ckvdkemw,f tm;xkwfw,fqkduwnf;u ukd,fhrSm tifrwef bkef;xl;

uHxl; yg&rDxl;&SdvdkYqkdwm oabmaygufyg/ (rSefvSyg)/

0D&d,pd kuftm;xnfhvd kufyg0D&d,pd kuftm;xnfhvd kufyg0D&d,pd kuftm;xnfhvd kufyg0D&d,pd kuftm;xnfhvd kufyg0D&d,pd kuftm;xnfhvd kufyg

uJ--'Dawmh tjyif{nfhonf b,fESck/ (5-ckygbk&m;)/ 5-ck? 5-cku vkdufqdkvkduf/ jrifpdwf? Mum;pdwf?

eHpdwf? pm;pdwf? ,m;emaumif;pdwf/ [kwfNyD/ 'guawmh bkef;BuD;wkdY pmtwdkif; &GwfoGm;wm/ pmtwdkif;&GwfoGm;

wm ukokdvfr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ ukokdvf&ygw,f/ &Gwfxm;&r,f/ tvGwfudk usufxm;&r,f/ 'g--

y&d,wfomoemudk;/ jrifpdwf? Mum;pdwf &,f? eHpdwf&,f? pm;pdwf&,f? ,m;emaumif;pdwf/ tJ'guawmh q&mawmf

bk&m;BuD;&JU oifwef;pmtwkdif;aygh/ aumif;NyD/ jrifpdwfb,frSm ay:rvJ/ (rsufpdrSm ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D rsufpdrSm

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(½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ ½I&r,fqkdawmh wjcm;eJU ½IrSmvm;? r*¾if 5-yg;eJU ½I&rSmvm;/ (r*¾if 5-yg;eJU ½IrSmygbk&m;)/

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b,fvdktwlwlvJ/ rsufpdrSm bmpdwfay:/ (jrifpdwf)/ jrifpdwfay:wmudk a,m*DwdkY owdxm; rMunfh&if odyghrvm;/

(rodygbl;)/ Oyrm--puf0kdif; av;udk Munhfvdkuf&if jrifpdwfray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,f)/ jrifpdwfb,frSm ay:wmvJ/

(rsufpdrSmyg)/ tJ'Djrifpdwfay:wmudk owdav;xm;Munfh& r,faemf/ avmavmq,fuawmh 0D&d,pkduf&r,faygh/

196


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w&m;[m enf;rSefvrf;rSefeJUqkd&if tcuftcJ r&Sdbl;/ tm;xkwfvkdY &w,faemf/ jrif&if b,fvdk½IrvJ/ (jrifpdwfvkdY

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trSefudk jrifwmu bmac:vJ/ (r*¾if)/

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'um? 'umrawG ½I&rSm/

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,m;emaumif;pdwfqdkawmh cEmudk,fay:rSm t0wf uav;wifvdkuf&if wjcm;ay:wmvm;? cEmay:wmvm;/

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csMunfhvdkufaemf/

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197


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r½I&if tJ'D 3-rsdK;u tNrJwrf; ESdyfpufaewm/

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a'goeJU ywfoufawmh i&JoGm;cH? arm[eJU ywfoufawmh wd&pämefjynf (odkY) tol&um,fjynfoGm;cH/ [dku

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y#dpöorkyÜg'fqufwmonf wjcm;vm;? BudKwifvufrSwfjzwfwmvm;/ (BudKwifvufrSwfjzwfwmygbk&m;)/

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aowmudk vnf; cHae&NyD/

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auR;prf;uGmqkdawmh aumif;aumif;auR;vkdufa&m? aumif; aumif;auR;awmh tdyfawmh-a[m nusawmh

198


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b,fESa,muf/ (5-a,mufygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh {nhfonfqkdwmu udpö&Sd&if vmw,f/ NyD;jyef w,faygh/ tJ'Dawmh

tjyif{nfhonfqdkwmuawmh wpfaeYwpfacguf vmcsifvmr,f/ ESpfacgufvmcsifvmr,f/ odkYaomf tMumBuD;raebl;/

wpfcgwpfav wpfywfavmufrS wpfacgufvmcsifvmr,f/ t"dyÜm,fr&Sdbl; vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk

trsm;em;vnfwJh pum;vHk;eJU q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; a&G;NyD;awmh 'Doifwef;udk oifcJhwJhtwGuf bkef;BuD;wdkY tifrwef

0rf;omp&m aumif;ygw,f/ (rSefvSyg)/

uJ- 'Dawmh twGif;{nfhonf 6-pdwf? twGif;{nfhonfpdwf b,fESckvJ/ (6-ck)/ 6-pdwf? 6-ckvkdYajym/

twGif;{nfhonfpdwfb,fESck/ (6-ckygbk&m;)/ 6-ckaemf/ 6-cku/ avmbpdwf/ bmwJhvJ/ (avmbpdwf)/ a'gopdwf?

arm[pdwf/ b,fESpdwf/ (3-pdwfygbk&m;)/ 3-pdwfvmNyDaemf/ jyefajymyg/ (avmbpdwf? a'gopdwf? arm[pdwf)/

avmbpdwfeJUao&if b,fa&mufrvJ/ (Nydwåmjynf)/ NydwåmjynfoGm;wJh pdwfukd vufcHxm;&rSmvm;? ½I&rSmvm;/

(½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ 'gu a,m*DwdkY &Sif;aeNyD/ avmbqdkwm wjcm;vm;? vdkcsifwmvm;/ (vdkcsifwmygbk&m;)/

Munfhcsifw,f/ em;axmif csifw,f/ arT;csifw,f/ [m--pm;csifw,f/ aumif;aumif;av; 0wfcsif w,fqdkwm

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tJ'g bmpdwfawGvJ/ (avmbpdwfawGygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh avmbpdwfonf twGif;{nfhonfqkdawmh olu

wpftdrfvHk;eJUYvnf; &if;ESD;w,f/ 'D--jrefrmawG&JU toHk;tEIef;pum;udk q&mawmf 'Dw&m;xJ xnfhxm;wmaemf/

avmbpdwfu bm{nfhonfvJ/ (twGif;{nfhonf)/ twGif;{nfhonfqdkwm tdrfwGif;udk tukefvHk;&if;ESD;w,f/

tazeJUvnf; &if;ESD;w,f/ om;orD;awGeJUvnf; &if;ESD;w,f/ ajr;awG jrpfawG tukef &if;ESD;w,faygh/ tJ'D

OyrmvkdyJ--avmbpdwfonf jrif&ifvnf;yJ olryg bl;vm;/ (ygygw,fbk&m;)/

jrifwmudk oabmus&if bmpdwf (avmbpdwf)/ jrifpdwfu jrif½Hkav;wpfckyJ &Sdw,f/ avmbpdwfjzpf&JUvm;/

(rjzpfygbl;)/ tJ'Dawmh jrifpdwfonf oabmusawmh bmpdwfjzpfoGm;vJ/ (avmbpdwf)/ tJ'Dawmh avmbpdwfonf

jrifpdwfrSmvnf; olrwGJbl;vm;/ (wGJygw,fbk&m;)/ wGJwmyJ/ &if;ESD;wmyJ/ 'Dvdkjzifh Mum;vdkY oabmus&if bmjzpfvJ/

(avmbpdwf)/ em;axmifcsifw,fqkd&if bmpdwfvJ/ (avmbpdwf)/ 'Dvkdjzifh arT;csifw,f? oabmusw,fqkd&if

avmbpdwf/ aumif;aumif;av; pm;w,fqdk&if avmbpdwf/ t&omvnf; cHaew,fqdk&if avmbpdwf/ a[m-

-aumif;aumif;av; 0wfw,f? awGUxdw,f/ aumif;aumif;av; tdyfw,fqdk&if avmbpdwf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if

avmbpdwfonf ukokdvfpdwfvm;? tukokdvfpdwfvm;/ (tukokdvfpdwfygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dtukokdvfqkdwmu wjcm;u

xGufwmvm; ? raemu xGufwmvm;/ (raemuxGufwmygb k&m; ) / raemaygu fu xGu fw J h

tukok dvfpdwfjzpfaomaMumif h olonf avmbonf tukefvH k;eJ U oif h jrwfw,fayg h/ tukefvH k;eJ U

tquftoG,f&Sdw,faygh/ &if;ESD;w,faygh/ tJ'gaMumifh avmbpdwfonf bm{nfhonf/ (twGif; {nfhonf)/ tJ'Dawmh

avmbpdwfay:&if bmudk½I/ (avmbpdwfudk½I)/ avmb pdwfudk½I/

tavmif;rusefwJhcE¨m

eHygwfESpfu bmwJhvJ/ a'gopdwf/ bmpdwfygvdrfh/ (a'gopdwf)/ a'gopdwf qkdwmvnf;yJ 'um? 'umrawG

tukefvHk;eJU ywfoufwmyJ/ Oyrm-rsufpdeJU MunfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmh tjrifrwnfhbl;qkd&if bmpdwfayguf wmvJ/

(a'gopdwf)/ [m-jrif&wmuGm? 'DaumifMunfh&wmuGm? bmpdwf ay:wmvJ/ (a'gopdwf)/ 'if;Munfh&wm pdwfxJ

tcefYroifhbl;qkdwm bmpdwf ay:wmvJ/ (a'gopdwf)/ Mum;w,f/ Mum;wJhtcgrSm 'DtoHaMumifh 'um? 'umrawG

a'gojzpfoGm;w,f/ rif;toHMum;&wmudk olUtoHMum;&wmudk pojzifhayghaemf/ udk,frvdkvm;tyfwJh rBudKufwJh

toHav; Mum;vkduf&wm pdwfxJrSmaumif;wmvm;/ raumif;wmvm;/ (raumif;ygbl;)/ 'Dawmh raumif;wm

wjcm;rSmay:wmvm;/ em;rSmay:wmvm;/ (em;rSm ay:wmyg bk&m;)/ Mum;wJhtcsdefrSm raumif;wm ay:wwfw,f/

tJ' Draumif;wmqd kwm wjcm;vm;/ a'gopdwfvm;/ (a'gopdwfygbk&m;)/ ' Dawmh bke f ; BuD;u

oabmw&m;omajymw,f/ a,m*DwkdYu ukd,fcEmxJ ta&mufydkYyg/ atmf--em;rSmvnf;-[kwfvm;/ Mum;wJhtcgrSm

ukd,fhpdwfeJU tcefYroifh&if bmpdwf ay:wmvJ/ (a'gopdwf)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if olwpfyg;&JU toHaMumifh ukd,fhem;rSm

Mum;vdkY ESvHk;roGif;wwf&if ae&if; xkdif&if;eJU i&Ja&mufrSmyg/ &Sif;aum&Sif; &JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

em;raxmifwwfvdkY&Sd&if tEÅ&m,f BuD;aygh/ a'goeJUqdk b,fa&mufrvJ/ (i&J)/ em;axmifwwfwJhtcgusawmh

bm0emjzpfoGm;w,f/ em;axmifwJh tcgusawmh bmyJjzpfjzpf? em;xJrSm toHMum;&if Mum;w,fvkdY rrSwf&bl;vm;/

(rSwf&ygw,fbk&m;)/ Mum;w,fvdkY rSwfwmu wjcm;vm;/ owdy|mefvm;/ (owdy|mefygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD- tJ'gqkd

r*¾if 5-yg;ygNyD/ 'Dvkdjzifh Mum;vdkufawmh Mum;wJh Mum;pdwf wpdwfay:wkdif; ay:wkdif;onf wjcm;vm;/ cEm 5-

yg;vm;/ (cEm 5-yg; ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh tJ'DcEm 5-yg;u Mum;w,f/ &Sdao;vm;/ (r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ "r®oabmt&

olYzmomol aysmufoGm;w,faygh/ aysmufoGm;w,fqkdwm wjcm;vm;/ ysufwJhoabm vm;/ (ysufwJhoabmygbk&m;)/

tJ'DysufoGm;NyD qkdwm wjcm;vm;/ owdy|me bm0emvm;/ (owdy|mebm0emygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh owdy|mefu

orx/ owdy|me bm0emu0dyóem/ jyef&Sif;OD; r,faemf/ odyf½IyfoGm;vdrfhr,f--[kwfvm;/

Mum;w,f? Mum;w,f? Mum;w,f? Mum;wmudk rSwfaeaygh/ Mum;wmudk rSwfaewm bmac:vJ/ (owdy|mef)/

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w&m;udef;vmNyD/ okdYaomf rdrd&JUESvHk;tdrfrSm r*¾ifudef;oGm;NyD/ t½IcH&,f? t½IÓmPf&,f/ Mum;w,f Mum;w,fqdkwJh

Mum;pdwfonf wjcm;vm;? t½IcHvm;/ (t½IcHygbk&m;)/ Mum;wmonf Mum;w,fvdkYomrSwfae bmrS r½Iwwfp&mr&Sdbl;/

tcuftcJ r&Sdbl;aemf/ Mum;w,fvkdY rSwfaewm bmac:vJ/ (owdy|mef)/ 'Dvdkjzpf&if enf;enf;av; ½I&if;

½I&if;u ÓmPfav;wufvkdufawmh Mum;w,f- [m- r&Sdawmhbl;/ &Sdao;vm;/ (r&Sdawmhygbl;)/ uJ tck bkef;BuD;u

Ak'HvdkYqkdawmh &Sdao;vm;/ (r&Sdawmhygbl;)/ b,fa&mufoGm;vJ/ (ysufoGm;ygNyD)/ Mum;pdwfuav; ysufoGm;NyD/

Mum;pdwfysufwmonf wpfpdwfay:vQif cEmb,fESpfyg; (5-yg;)/ tJ'g t&yfajym ajym&if wpfa,mufaooGm;wmyJ/

wpfpdwfay:&if cEmb,fESpfyg;vJ/ (5-yg;)/ wpfa,mufaooGm;w,f/ okdYaomf 'Dwpfa,mufu tavmif;usefwmvm;?

tavmif;rusefwmvm;/ (tavmif;rusefwmygbk&m;)/ acG;ra[mifwJh cEmaowm/ tavmif;rusef wJh cEmaowm/

bkef;BuD;wkdY tck w&m;a[mwJh cE¨mBuD;u tavmif;usefrSm aemf/ tckajymwJhcE¨mutavmif;usef&JUvm;/

(rusefygbl;bk&m;)/ tavmif; rusefwJh cEmudk jrifrS 'um? 'umrawG 0dyóemÓmPf&r,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJawmh Mum;w,f cEmb,fESyg;/ (5-yg;)/ &Sdao;vm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ bmjzpfoGm;vJ/ (ysufoGm;ygw,fbk&m;)/

ysufoGm;w,f/ aooGm;w,f/ tJ'gudk odvkdufwmonfwjcm;vm;/ owdy|mebm0emvm;/ (owdy|me

bm0emygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh a,m*DwdkY tm;xkwf&rSmu owdy|mef&,f? owdy|mebm0em&,f/ tJ'D 2-rsdK; a,m*DwdkY

tm;xkwf&rSm/ 'Dawmh aemufwpfrsdK;u owdy|mebm0emvrf;qHk;qdkwmu wpfrsdK;&Sdao;w,f/ tJ'gu

udk,fhudpör[kwfawmhbl;/ "r®udpöjzpfoGm;NyD/ tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwdkY udpöu owdy|mef&,f owdy|mebm0em&,f

'DESpfrsdK;om a,m*DwdkY udpöaemf/

uJ-'Dawmh 'gav;rSwfNyD; wpfydkif;&yfvdkuf/ qkdawmh-Mum;&if bmpdwfudk½I/ (Mum;pdwfudk ½I&ygr,fbk&m;)/

Mum;pdwfudk ½IwJhtcg tcefYroifh awmh bmpdwfay:rvJ/ (a'gopdwfay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ a'gopdwfay:&if bmpdwfudk

½I/ (a'gopdwf)/ tu,fvdkY tJ'DMum;wJhtay:rSm r½Ibl;qkd&if Mum;pdwfay:wm od&JUvm;/ (rodygbl;)/ rod&if

bmpdwfay:vJ/ (arm[pdwf)/ uJ--tJ'gaMumifhrdkY enf;enf;av;rS tvGwfrcHbl;aemf/ arm[pdwf ay:vm&ifvnf;

bmudk½I/ (arm[pdwfudk ½I&ygw,fbk&m;)/ arm[pdwfudk ½Ir,f/ 'gu enf;vrf;? pnf;urf;yJaygh/ 0dyóem

t½IcHeJU t½IOmPfrSm 'Denf;vrf;? pnf;urf;twdkif; avmbpdwfay:vm&if avmbpdwfudk ½I/ a'gopdwfay:&if

a'gopdwfudk ½I/ arm[pdwfay:&if arm[pdwfudk ½Iqkdawmh 'D 3-pdwfu tukokdvfpdwfqdkwm &Sif;&Sif;av;&,f/

vufcHvdkY r&bl;aemf/ tJ'D 3-pdwfonf tukefvHk;eJU ol roifhjrwfbl;vm;/ oifhjrwfw,f/ arT;pdwf eHpdwfeJUvnf;

oifhjrwfw,f/ yg;pyfxJrSm pm;wJhpdwfeJUvnf; oifhjrwfw,f/ cEmukd,frSm awGUxdwJh ,m;emaumif; pdwfeJUvnf;

oifhjrwfw,f/ tukefvHk; oifhjrwfaew,f a,m*DwdkY/ 'Dpdwf 3-pdwfuaygh/ tJ'Dawmh b,fpdwfyJvmvm ay:wJhpdwfudk

bmvkyf&rvJ/ (½I&ygr,f)/ 'guawmh tvG,f&Sif; oGm;w,faygh/ &Sif;NyD;om;udk xyfNyD;awmh &Sif;wmaemf/

uJ 'Dawmh aemuf 3-pdwfu tavmbpdwf/ bmpdwfygvJ/ (tavmbpdwf)/ pmxJtwdkif;ayghaemf/

aemufwpfpdwfu ta'gopdwf/ bmpdwfygvJ/ (ta'gopdwf)/ tavmbpdwf&,f? ta'gopdwf&,f? aemuf--

pmxJrSm bma&;xm;vJ/ (awG;awmBuHpnfpdwf)/ bmpdwfvJ/ (awG;awm BuHpnfpdwf)/ tu,fvdkY y|mef;a'oemrSm&SdwJh

a[wkypöa,meJU ajymr,f qkd&if tarm[pdwfyJ ajymrSmyJaemf/ y|mef;a'oemrSm a[wk ypöa,m? ]]a[wk

ypöa,mwd? a[wl a[wkorÜ,kwåumeH "r®meH wHork|memeOö ½lygeH a[wkypöa,e ypöa,m}}

vlwdkif;yg;pyfzsm;&aewmaemf/ tJ'D a[wkypöa,mu [dwf 6-yg; udk ajymwm/ avmb[dwf? a'go[dwf?

arm[[dwf? tavmb[dwf? ta'go[dwf? tarm[[dwf? y|mef;a'oemavmufudk &Gwfzl;xm;wJh yk*¾dKvfusawmh

'D 6-rsdK;yJ wef;ajymoGm;rSm/ tck [dwfb,fESyg;&Sd/ (6-yg;)/ 6-yg;u bmawGvJ/ (avmb[dwf? a'go[dwf?

arm[[dwf? tavmb[dwf? ta'go[dwf? tarm[[dwf)/ tJ'g [dku [dwfajymoGm; wm/ ,ck a,m*DwdkYudk

oifaewmu wjcm;oifwmvm;/ t½IcHoifwmvm;/ (t½IcHoifwmygbk&m;)/ t½IcHrSm 'Dae&mjyóemvmvmjzpfw,f/

trsm; tm;jzifh tarm[pdwfvdkY 'DvkdyJ ajymcsvdkufwm/ okdUaomf y|mef;rSm tarm[ qkdwm rygbl;vm;/ (yg-

201


ygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dae&mrSm a,m*D wkdU t½IcHqkdwm arm[qkdwmu t0dZÆm/ 'gav; owdxm;yg/ rSm;wwfw,faemf/

'Dawmh arm[onf bmygvdrf h/ (t0dZÆm)/ t0dZÆmqkdwm wjcm;w&m;vm;/ udavom w&m;vm;/

(udavomw&m;ygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if tarm[qkdwmu 0dZÆm/ 0dZÆmonf opömzGJU&if r*¾opöm/ 0dZÆmukd opömzGJU/ (r*¾opöm)/ tJ'Dawmh

r*¾opömqkdwm tck r*¾ifb,fESpf yg;vJ/ (5-yg;)/ tck a,m*DwkdU ½Iaewm r*¾ifb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;)/ 8-

yg;u aemufjynfhawmh vmvdrfhr,faemf/ tm;vkH; wu,f&Sdwm r*¾if 8-yg;/ "r®pMumrSma[mNyD;om;/ okdYaomf 5-

yg;ukd bmvkdUajymvJqkdawmh 5-yg;eJU tvkyfvkyfaevkdU/ tcka,m*DwkdU tvkyfvkyfwm b,fESpfyg;vJ/ (5-yg;)/ tJ'D

5-yg;onf 0dZÆmÓmPf/ opömeJUajymawmh r*¾opöm/ tJ'gaMumifh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u 'DrSmMunfh-q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JU

ÓmPfb,favmuf BuD;vJ qkd&if awG;awmBuHpnfw,fqkdNyD;awmh 'DrSm aemufqkH; pdwfjyNyD ayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh -

cke tavmbpdwf? ta'gopdwf? awG;awm BuHpnfpdwf/ uJ - twGif;{nfhonf 6-a,mufukd jyefajymyg/

(1) avmbpdwf

(2) a'gopdwf

(3) arm[pdwf

(4) tavmbpdwf

(5) ta'gopdwf

(6) awG;awmBuHpnfpdwf/

usefwmawG bmrS &Sif;p&mrvkdbl;/ 'gyJ &Sif;&r,f/ a,m*Dopf rsm;twGuf enf;enf;*½kpkduf&rSmu

tavmbpdwfqkdwm bmvJvkdUodzkdU vkdjyefa&m/ 'gu - trdjrefrmpum;awG r[kwfbl;/ pmpum;awGaemf/

tavmbpdwfqkdwmu t&yfpum;eJUajymawmh vSLcsifwef;csifwJhpdwfaygh/ qGrf;auR;csifw,f? bk&m;wnfcsifw,f?

ausmif;aqmufcsifw,f? vrf;cif; csifw,f/ wHwm;aqmufcsifw,f pojzifh tJ'Dvkd trsdK;rsdK;vSLcsif wef;csif?

ay;csif urf;csifwJhpdwfukd bmpdwfac:vJ/ (tavmbpdwf)/ tavmbpdwf aemf/ okdYjzifh tavmbpdwfvkdUajymvkduf&if

a,m*DwkdUem;vnf oGm;NyD/ tavmbpdwfukd 'gepdwfvkdYom vG,fvG,fululajymvkdufyg/ tavmbpdwf onf

bmpdwf/ ('gepdwf)/

em;BuD;BuD;axmifem;BuD;BuD;axmifem;BuD;BuD;axmifem;BuD;BuD;axmifem;BuD;BuD;axmif

uJ - 'Dvkdjzifh&if Ak'bmomrSmaemf ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfukd bkef;BuD;wkdU oifpOfu uHeJUtusdfK;ay;ukd

r,kH&bl;vm;/ (,kH&ygw,f)/ aumif;wmvkyf&if aumif;wmjzpfw,f/ raumif;wmvkyf&if raumif;wm jzpfr,f/

tJ'DykHaoenf;udkifxm;vkduf/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if vSLcsifwef;csif ay;csif urf;csifwJhpdwf[m aumif;wJhpdwfvm;?

raumif;wJhpdwfvm;/ (aumif;wJh pdwfyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gu rd½kd;zvmAk'¨bmomu uHavmufukdem;vnfxm;

wJhAk'bmomu tvSLwpfckvSLNyD;&if rvSLcif wpfcgwnf;rSukd pDrHNyD;awmh ukd pdwfxJrSm pGJaewmu ykAÁapwemav/

raumif;bl;vm;? aumif;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,f)/ aumif;w,f/ Ak'bmomrSm ykAÁapwemu aMomf - rvSLcifukd

vSL&awmhr,f? vSL&awmhr,f? vSLawmhr,f? vSLawmhr,f qkduwnf;u 'Dukokdvfaumif;rIonf aocsmayguf

'um? 'umrawGok*wd uawmh aocsmaeNyD/

rkÍöapwem? [kdrSm qGrf;uyfwmyJjzpfjzpf? &SifjyKwmyJjzpfjzpf? bk&m;wnfwm? ausmif;aqmufwm vSLcsifwJh

ukodkvfaumif;rIukdvkyf? tJ'Dvkd tvSLtwef;BuD; udk,fwkdifukd,fusrsm; a&pufcsaewm 0rf;omp&m raumif;bl;vm;/

(aumif;ygw,f bk&m;)/ rkÍöapwem/ 0rf;omvm;/ tusdK; ay;awmhrSmaemf/ tusdK;ay;rSmvm;? tusdK;ray;bl;vm;/

(tusdK;ay;rSmyg bk&m;)/ wjcm;tusdK;ay;rSmvm;? aumif;wmtusdK;ay;rSm vm;/ (aumif;wm tusdK;ay;rSmygbk&m;)/

ty&apwem? aMomf - ig b,fESpfckuvSL'gef;vkdU? [kdvGefcJhwJh 10-ESpfu vSLcJhw,f/ 5-ESpfu vSLcJhw,f/

202


NyD;cJhwJhvu vSLcJhw,f ponfjzifh tvSLav;rsm; jyefNyD;Munhfae&&if 0rf;rombl;vm;/ (omygw,fbk&m;)/ tusdK;ay;rSm/

tusdK;ay;rSm/ ,aeUwkd; wufvmwJh acwfrSm trsdK;rdsK; ADG'D,kdawG? ADpD'DawG ponfjzifh ½kdufxm;vkdufvkdU ukd,fh

tvSLav;rsm; jyefNyD;Munhf&if Munhf&wm 0rf;omaewm/ raumif;wJh pdwfvm;/ aumif;wJhpdwfvm;/ (aumif;wJhpdwfyg

bk&m;)/ 'gepdwf eJUywfouf NyD;awmh jzpfvmwmawGayghaemf/ okdUaomf tJ'Dpdwfonf bmpdwfvJ/ uHpdwfawG/

em;BuD;BuD; em;axmifaemf/ ÓmPfukdxnfh&r,f/ tJ'DpdwfawG bmpdwfvJ/ (uHpdwfygbk&m;)/ ,ckbkef;BuD;a[maewm

t½IÓmPfukd a[mwmvm;/ t½IcHukd a[mwmvm;/ (t½IcHukd a[mwmyg bk&m;)/ ckeu avmbu

tukodkvfpdwfjzpfwJhtcgrSm r*¾if 5-yg;eJU ½Iypf/ vufrcHeJU? ra[mbl;vm;/ (a[mygw,f)/ 'g&Sif;&Sif;av; a[m*DwkdU/

xyf&Sif;p&m rvkdawmhbl;/

a'gopdwfay:vm&if a'gopdwfukd r*¾if 5-yg;eJU bmvkyf&rvJ/ (½I&rSmyg bk&m;)/ ½Iypfvkduf/ 'Dawmh

arm[pdwf ay:vm&if arm[pdwfukd r*¾if 5-yg;eJU ½Iypf? vufudkrcHeJU? olUukd½Iypf? &efolawGrkdUvkdU? &Sif; aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

'Dvkdjzifh&if bkef;BuD;wkdU wpfoufvkH;? wpfoHo&mvkH;u rdwfaqGppfonf 'ge? oDv? bm0em/ qkH;rpmawGxJrSm

a&;xm;w,f/ rawGUbl;vm;/ (awGUygw,f)/ ae&mwumwkdif;rSm &Sdw,faemf/ &efolt ppfonf avmb? a'go?

arm[/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JUqkH;rpmxJrSmaemf/ rdwfaqGppfu 'ge? oDv? bm0em/ 'gaqmifyk'fuav;awGeJU

&SdNyD;om;/ okdUaomf ,ck 'DrSmu 'geonf &efolvm;? rdwfaqGvm;/ (rdwfaqGyg bk&m;)/ rdwfaqG

aemf/ bkef;BuD;wkdU wpfoufvkH; vufcHxm;wm 'geukd b,fvkdvufcHxm;vJ/ (rdwfaqG)/ rdwfaqG/ &efolr[kwfbl;/

aus;Zl;&Sifaemf/ okdYaomf olUaus;Zl;&SifqkdwJhOpömukd 'DrSmbkef;BuD;wkdYu 'Dwkdif; olUukd ESvkH;oGif;NyD;awmh ykA Á rkÍö

ty&apwemeJU MunfEl;ae&rSmvm;/ ½Iypf&rSm vm;/ (½Iypf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ em;BuD;BuD; em;axmifyg/

odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf 'Dae&mrSm/ bkef;BuD;wkdU 'Dae&mrSm &Sif;vif;csufuav; wpfuGufuav; tm;enf;oGm;&if

rkd;ukwfutjrJwrf; tuJh&JUcH&w,f/ vmNyD - rkd;ukwfu 'gey,fawmhr,f/ 'Dpum;u tjrJwrf;tajymcH&w,f/

uHomvQiftrduHomvQiftrduHomvQiftrduHomvQiftrduHomvQiftrd

bkef;BuD;pNyD;awmha[mwm 'DaeU 9-&uf&SdNyD a,m*DwkdU/ 'gey,f wmygvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ 'um? 'umrawG

vkyfaewmu opömrodbJ vkyfaewJh'geonf edAÁmef r&vkdU? 'Dxufrsm;rsm;BuD;&atmif 'geukd jr §ifhay;ae wm/

&Sif;NyDaemf/ tJawmh - ,ckajymwmu 'gecef;eJUywfoufvmvkdU 'D avmufukd tajccHem;vnfatmif ajymae&wm/

tck 'DrSmu 'gepdwfay: vm&if bmvkyf&rvJ/ (½I&rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh 'gepdwfonf raumif; wJhpdwfvm;?

aumif;wJhpdwfvm;/ (aumif;wJhpdwfyg bk&m;)/ [m - t&Sifbk&m;? wynfhawmfwkdU Ak'bmomu wpfoufvkH;

'DpdwfawGukd zufvmcJ hwm tck½I&r,fqkdawmh b,fES,hfvkyfrvJ/ tJ'g tBuD;us,fqkH; jyóemyJ/

awmf½kHbmoma&;udpöukd ruRrf;usif&if 'Dae&m jyóemwuf wm 'um? 'umrawG/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh

y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;rvnf&if 'Dpum;ajymp&m? ajzp&m t"dyÜm,fr&Sdawmhbl;/ pum;vkH; r&Sdawmhbl;/ tck y#dpöorkyÜg'fukd

axmufMunhfawmh eHygwf(3) tuGufrSm 'DrSm bm axmufjyovJ/ (ur®b0)/ um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHaemf/ tJ'D

um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHrSm puwnf;u ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPf 0dZÆmyxr eHygwfwpf tzkH;zGifhuwnf;u

uHomvQiftrd? uHomvQiftz? uHomvQif ukd;uG,f&m rDSckd&m tm;xm;&mvkdU rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,f)/ tJ'D

aumif;wJhuHonf bmtusdK;ay;/ (aumif;usdK;ay;ygw,f bk&m;)/ aumif;wJh Zmwd&r,faygh/ raumif;wJhuHonf

bmtusdK;ay;/ (raumif;wJhZmwd&yg r,f bk&m;)/

203


uHeJUwif;wdrfaevQifuHeJUwif;wdrfaevQifuHeJUwif;wdrfaevQifuHeJUwif;wdrfaevQifuHeJUwif;wdrfaevQif

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU vlUb0a&mufwmonf raumif;wJhuHaMumifh vm;? aumif;wJhuHaMumifhvm;/

(aumif;wJhuHaMumifhyg bk&m;)/ aumif;wJh Zmwd/ ck xm;/ umvukdrMunfheJUawmhaemf/ tJ'Dawmh aumif;wJhuHawG

vkyfcJhvkdU aumif;wJhZmwd&wmaygh/ uJ - ,aeU bk&m;wnfw,f? ausmif; aqmufw,f pojzifhaemf/

ukokdvfaumif;rIawGvkyf&if tyg,fusrSmvm;? ok*wda&mufrSmvm;/ (ok*wda&mufrSmyg bk&m;)/ aocsmayguf&rSm/

tck ausmif;aqmufvSLcJhwJh 'um? 'umrawG aocsmayguf ok*wdra&muf bl;vm;/ a&mufukda&mufrSm ryleJU/

bkef;BuD;wkdU [kdrSm bk&m;vufxuf uvnf; eEd,ausmif;'umwkdU &SdwmyJ/

eE´d,ausmif;'umBuD; vlUjynfrSmausmif;aqmufvSLaewm ewfjynfrSmbkHaygufaea&m a[m? 'Du

aoawmifraoao;bl;/ 'Dawmh &Sifarm*¾vmefukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; wpfcgwnf;rSukd ewfjynfvnf;qGrf;cH <uawmh

[m? raeUu ig'DbkHrawGUbl;[/ 'DaeUbkHBuD; awmufawmuf ajymifajymifeJU ewforD;awGuvnf; trsm;BuD;yJ/

bmjzpfwmwkH;vkdU pl;prf; MunhfwJhtcg [kwfygw,f bk&m;? t&Sifbk&m; raeUu<uawmhr&Sdbl;wJh? 'DaeUrS bGm;ueJqkd

' D ay :r S m ay :vmw,f / b G m ;ue Jay :w,fq k d awm h b,f'um? 'umraw G

yef;&efvuform;rSvnf;oGm;NyD;awmhaqmufwm r[kwfbl;/ wjcm;uay:wmvm;? uHuaqmufwmvm;/

(uHuaqmufwmyg bk&m;)/ 'gem;vnfxm;aygh/ awmfawmfMum vuform;yef;&ef b,fu&vJ? vkyfcsif vkyfOD;rSm/

ewfrSm vuform;yef;&efr&Sdbl;/ tif*sifeD,mr&Sdbl;/ uHuae aqmufay;vkdufwmav/ bGm;ueJqkd [kdrSmay:awmh

vlUjynfrSm ausmif; aqmufwJhukokdvfaumif;rItaMumif;onf ewfjynfrSm oGm;NyD;awmh bkHraygufbl;vm;/

bkHaygufaewm/ tJ'D bkHaygufw,fqkdwm wjcm;tusdK; ay;vm;? uHtusdK;ay;vm;/ (uHtusdK;ay;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

eEd,ausmif; 'um ao&if aocsmayguf ewfjynfa&mufrSm/

tJ'Dvkd ewfjynfa&mufr,fqkd&if [kdrSmBudKNyD;awmh ewforD;awGu apmifhaewm/ t&Sifbk&m;wJh/ vlUjynfjyef&if

eEd,ausmif;'umBuD;rsm; pum;av;vufaqmifav;wpfck avQmufvkdufyg&apwJh/ eEd,awGU&if ajymvkdufygaygh/

'DrSm ta>ct&HjzpfwJh ewforD;awGu arQkmfaeygw,f/ vlUjynfrSm&SdwJh ajrtkd; ajrcGufeJUwlwJhcEm awGpGefUNyD; jrefjref<uygwJh

tr,f/ awmfawmf w&m;wJh ewforD;awG/ olUbmol'DrSmat;at;aq;aq; aysmfaewm rMunhfEkdif bl;qkdwJh

t"dyÜm,f/ tJ'gwjcm;u zefwD;wmvm;? uHuzefwD; wmvm;/ (uHuzefwD;wmyg bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tJ'D

eE´d,ewfjynfa&muf oGm;awmh ewfom;jzpfNyD/ ewfom;jzpfwJhtcgusawmh ewf\ umr*kPfpnf;pdrfawGeJU

rcHpm;&bl;vm;/ (cHpm;&ygw,f)/ tJ'Duae aoawmh i&JjyefrusEkdifbl;vm;/ (usEkdifygw,f bk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

ewfjynfukd ykdUwm wjcm;uykdUwmvm;/ uHuykdUwmvm;/ (uHuykdUwmyg bk&m;)/ ewfZmwd r&bl;vm;/ ewfZmwd

bmopöm/ ('ku©opöm)/ ewfZmwd&&if ewfZ&m r&P bmopöm/ ('ku©opöm)/ [m - odMum;rif;vnf;

'ku©rvGwfao;bl;/ ewfrdzk&m;BuD; vnf; 'ku©rvGwfao;bl;/ olUrSm bm&Sdao;vJ/ Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P 'D'ku©

rvGwfao;bl;/ tck a,m*DwkdUu 'D'ku©ukd jyefvkdcsifwmvm;/ rvkdcsif wmvm;/ (rvkdcsifwmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh uHukdwif;wdrfae&if bm&r,f/ taoqdk;aoOD;r,f/ 'D awmh q&mawmfBuD;ajymwJhpum;ukd

wkduf½kdufajymr,faemf/ uHukd auseyf wif;wdrfae&if aojcif;qkd; aoOD;rSm/ 'DrSmav - ur®b0ypö,m Zmwd/

Zmwdypö,m Z&mr&P/ 'Dawmh q&mawmfuae em;vnfwJh pum;eJU cyfMurf;Murf;ajymvkdufawmh a[h -

uHtm;ukd;ae&if aojcif;qkd; aoOD;rSmwJh? qkdawmh 'DrSmMunhf/ y#dpöorkyÜg'faxmufawmh r&Sif;bl;vm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f

bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwkdUu uHukdtm;ukd;&if bmjzpfrvJ/ (aojcif;qkd; aorSmygbk&m;)/ aojcif;qkd;aoOD;r,f/

taoaumif;vm;/ taoqkd;vm;/ (taoqkd;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh cyfMurf;Murf;av; ajymvkduf/ aojcif;qkd; aoOD;r,f/

aocsifvm;? raocsifbl;vm;/ (raocsifygbl; bk&m;)/ raocsif&if wynfhawmfwkdU b,fvkdvkyfrvJ/ uJ -

uHudktm;rudk;eJU/ ÓmPfukdtm;ukd;? uHukdy,fckdif;aewm yg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;)/ EkdUrkdfU 'Dae&mrSm ta&;BuD;vGef;vkdU

xyfwvJvJajymaewmaemf/ uHukd tm; ukd;&rSmvm;/ ÓmPfukd tm;ukd;&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfukd tm;ukd;&rSmyg bk&m;)/

204


uHuykdUwmu 31-bkHrSm ok*wdykdUwm/ 'ku©opömrvGwfbl;/ OmPfu aeykdUwmu 'ku©vGwfwm/ tJ'Dawmh

tck 'gejyKcsifwJhpdwfonf wjcm; pdwfvm;? uHpdwfvm;/ (uHpdwfyg bk&m;)/ uHpdwfay:wkdif; ay:wkdif; r*¾if 5-

yg;u tkyfvkdufprf;yg/ ½Ivkdfufprf;yg/ ½Ivkdufawmh [kdrSm txJrSm&SdwJh uHpdwfawGonf 'um? 'umrawG

tay:wufvkdU&ao;vm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ r&bl;/ 'Dutkyfvkdufawmh csKyfoGm;a&m? csKyfoGm;awmh ygVdawmf&Gwfvkduf

awmh ur®b0eda&ma"m Zmwdeda&ma"m/ Zmwdeda&ma"m qkdwm wjcm;vm;? edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmef ygbk&m;)/ [m

a,m*DwkdUrSm vSLcsifwef;csifwJhpdwfuav; ay:wkdif; ay:wkdif; ½Ivkduf&if wjcm;ay:rSmvm;? edA Ámefay:rSmvm;/

(edAÁmef ay:rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'g ta&;BuD;w,f a,m*DwkdU/ 'gukd ½I&r,f/

uJ - cke ta'goqkdwm arw åmykdUwJhpdwf/ bmpdwfygvdrhf. (arwåm ykdUwJhpdwfyg bk&m;)/ arwåmqkdwm

tifrwefaumif;wmyJ/ ckyJ qGrf;rpm;cif arwåmykdUae&wmav/ okdUaomf tJ'geJU rwif;wdrfygeJUOD; 'um? 'umr

awG/ ÓmPf 5-yg;eJU ½Ivdkufprf;ygOD;/ tJ'Dawmh psmefukd ÓmPfeJU ½Ivkdfufawmh psmefrcsKyfbl;vm;/ psmefcsKyfoGm;vkdU&Sd&if

wjcm;csKyfrSmvm;? ZmwdcsKyfrSmvm;/ (ZmwdcsKyfrSmyg bk&m;)/ ZmwdcsKyfoGm;wm wjcm;vm;? edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmefyg

bk&m;)/ uJ-[kduawmh vG,fw,f/ awG;awmBuHpnfwJhpdwfqkdawmh r*¾if 5-yg; tkyfvkdufaygh/ &Sif;NyD;aemf/

uJ - 'Dae&m ta&;BuD;wmajymr,f/ tJ'DpdwfawG tJ'DpdwfawG {nfhonfqkdwmu tjrJaewmvm;? jyefwmvm;/

(jyefwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh tjrJaewJhpdwfonf avukdxkwfaompdwf? avukdoGif;aompdwf/ bmpdwf ygvdrfh/

(avukdxkwfaompdwf? avukdoGif;aompdwf)/ tdyfonhfpdwf udkawmh oufapmifhpdwfvkdUvnf; ac:ygw,f/

avukdxkwfaompdwf? avukdoGif; aompdwf/ avukdxkwfwJhtcg 'Dvkdxkwfvkdufw,f/ avukdoGif;w,fqkdwm

½IdufNyD;awmh ½Iyg/ avukdxkwfaompdwf? avukdoGif;aompdwf/ ra&meJUaemf/ 0ifavod? xGufavod ]]tómo

yómo}} tmemygeur®Xmef;½Iwm 0ifavod xGufavod rrSwfbl;vm;/ (rSwfygw,f)/ tck a,m*DwkdUukd ajymwm

bmawGvJ/ avuk dxkwfaompdwf? avuk doGi f ;aompdwf/ ]]tómo yómo}} avuk d½ Iwmu

um,mEkyóemowdy|mef/ ½kyfukd½Iwm/ bmukd½I/ (½kyfukd½Iwm)/ 0ga,mqkdwmu ½kyf/ a[m'D 'DrSm um,yom'

tMunf qkdwmu ½kyf/ 0ifavod xGufavod rSwfaewmu bmukd½I/ (½kyfukd½I wmyg bk&m;)/ ½kyfukd½Iaewm/

ay:wJ hpdwfud k½ Iay:wJ hp dwfud k½ Iay:wJ hp dwfud k½ Iay:wJ hp dwfud k½ Iay:wJ hp dwfud k½ I

tcka,m*DwdkYudk t½Icdkif;wmu avudkxkwfaompdwf? avudkoGif; aompdwf? wpfckESifhwpfck 'um? 'umrawG

ra&meJUaemf/ pdwfudk t½Icdkif; aeygw,f/ bmudk½Icdkif;/ (pdwfudk½Icdkif;wmyg)/ uJ--'Dvdkjzifh&if pdwfudk ½Iw,fqdkawmh

t&Sifbk&m; pdwfu rxif&Sm;bl;/ 'Dvdkajymcsifajymr,f/ uJ 'Dawmh aumif;NyD/ xif&Sm;vm;? rxif&Sm;vm;qdkwm

a,m*DwdkY vufawGUprf;Munfhr,faemf/ tm;xkwfckdif;wmr[kwfbl;/ prf;oyfcdkif;wm aygh/ 'g--a,m*DopfawGtwGuf/

a,m*Da[mif;awGuawmh wpfcgajym &ifrSwfrdygw,f [kwfvm;/ avudkxkwfaompdwfqdkwmuawmh a,m*DwdkY

,ckae avudk½dIufMunfhvdkuf/ ½dIufNyD;awmh cPav;onf;cH/ NyD;NidrfMunfh &if bmpdwfay:rvJ/ (xkwfcsifwJhpdwf

ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ tckvufawGU prf;? tckay:wmayghaemf/ xkwfcsifwJhpdwfay:vmygvdrfhr,f/ xkwfcsifwJh pdwfu

'DvdkudkifjyvdkY&vm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ [dkem;&Sdovm;? 'Dem;&Sdovm; vdkYaum ajymvdkU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/

odkYaomf [',0w¬Kudk rSDNyD;awmhjzpfw,fvdkY bk&m;tbd"r®mrSm a[mxm;wmayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dpdwfudkxm;?

b,fae&muyJjzpfjzpf? tJ'D pdwf&Sdvm;? r&Sdvm;vdkY eHygwfwpf jrifzdkY/ xif&Sm;vm;? rxif&Sm;bl;vm;udk jrifEdkifatmif

avudk ½dIufNyD;awmh rxkwfbJ xm;Munfhvdkufprf;yg/ bmpdwfay:rvJ/ (xkwfcsifwJhpdwf ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ xkwfcsifvmNyD/

tJ'D xkwfcsifwJhpdwfudk 'um?'umrawG rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ rxif&Sm;bl;vm;/ (xif&Sm;ygw,fbk&m;)/

cPav;onf;cHNyD; rxkwfbJ xm;&if rxkwfbJudkraeEdkifavmufatmifudk a,m*DwdkY xif&Sm;vmygvdrhfr,f/

tJ- [kwfNyD/ 'Dpdwfudk awGUNyD/ tJ'Dpdwfudk a,m*DwdkY&Iyg/ b,fvdk ½IrvJ/ owdy|mef?owdy|mebm0emeJU½I/

b,fvdk½IrvJ/ (owdy|mef? owdy|mebm0emeJU½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ t&Sdef&vm&if owdy|mebm0emeJU om½Iawmh/

205


b,fvdk½IrvJqdk avudk xkwfcsifw,f? pdwfwpfpdwfay:wdkif; cEm b,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;)/ avudkxkwfcsifw,f?

wpfpdwfcsKyfNyD; wpfpdwf tpm;xdk;jyefNyD/ avudkxkwfudkxkwfcsifw,f? wpfpdwfcsKyfNyD; wpfpdwf tpm;xdk;jyefNyD/

avudkxkwfcsifw,f/ avudkxkwfcsifw,f/ avudkxkwfcsif w,f/ avudkxkwfcsifwJhpdwf wpfpdwfay:w,f? ysufw,f?

tpm;xdk; w,f/ ysufw,f/ jzpfw,f/ ysufw,f/ avudkxkwfw,f/ xkwfawmhvnf; xkwfwJhpdwfaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

xkwfypfvdkuf/ r½IdufeJU/ cPav;onf;cH vdkuf/ bmpdwfay:rvJ/ (½IdufcsifwJhpdwfay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ bmpdwfay:r,f/

(½dIufcsifwJhpdwfay:ygw,f bk&m;)/

tJ'D½dIufcsifwJhpdwf[m 'um? 'umrawG acgif;uvm;? udk,fuvm;? b,fuvJ pOf;pm;raeeJU/

½dIufcsifwJhpdwf[m ,cka,m*DwdkY rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/ odkYaomf 'Dpdwfonf [',0w¬Kay:rSDí jzpfw,fvdkY

a[mxm;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh ta&;BuD;wmu 'Dpdwf&Sdw,f r&Sdbl;qdkwm jrifzdkU/ xif&Sm;vm;? rxif&Sm;bl;vm;qdkwmudk

jrifzdkY/ wjcm;eJUjrif&rSmvm;? ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfeJUjrif&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'DawmhrS avudk r½dIufbJ xm;vdkuf&if

½IdufcsifwJhpdwfray:bl;vm;/ (ay:ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D ½dIufcsifwJhpdwfudk a,m*DwdkY Munfhvdkufprf;yg/ ½dIufcsifw,f/

½dIufcsifw,f/ ½Idufcsifw,f/ ½dIufcsifw,f qdkwmonf owdy|mef/ tJ'D ½dIufcsifw,fqdkwm csKyfoGm;NyD;awmh

aemufwpfck tpm;xdk;wmudk odvdkufwmu owdy|me bm0em/ tJ'g 0dyóemÓmPfyJ/ tJ'DÓmPfav; eJU

tdrfonf 2-pdwfukd½I ae&if tcsdefra&G; ½IvdkYr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f bk&m;)/ a[m- ,ck w&m;em &if;eJUvnf;

½IvdkYr&bl;vm;/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkU tdyfaysmfaewJh tcsdefuvGJí Edk;vmwmeJU wpfNydKifeuf 'Dpdwfudk ½IvdkY&w,f/

tdrfonfpdwf 2-pdwfonf oufapmifhpdwfvnf; ac:ygw,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

'Dvdkjzifh&if tck a,m*DwdkYudk oifvdkufwmu pdwf 13-rsdK;udk oifvdkufw,f/ b,fESrsdK; oifvdkufwmvJ/

(13-rsdK;ygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh tjyif{nfhonf b,fESck/ (5-ckygbk&m;)/ twGif;{nfhonf b,fESck/ (6-

ckygbk&m;)/ tdrfonf b,fESck/ (2-ckygbk&m;)/ aygif;vdkufawmh 5&,f 6 &,fqdkawmh 11? 2-aygif;awmh 13/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dpdwf 13-pdwfonf a,m*DwdkY t½IcHw&m;/ bmw&m;vJ/ (t½IcHw&m;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D pdwåm EkyóemrSm

t½IcHw&m;uvGJvdkYbmrSr&Sdawmhbl;/ 'g yd#uwf 3-yHkudk jcHKvdkufwJhtcgusawmh 'DrSmvmNyD;awmh rpkbl;vm;/

(pkygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tck t½IcHw&m;udk oifvdkufwmu pdwfb,fESpdwf/ (13-pdwf)/

t½IÓmPfw&m;u wjcm;vm;? r*¾if 5-yg;vm;/ (r*¾if 5-yg;yg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh 13-pdwfajymwmu 'um?

'umrawG ocsmFenf; awGeJU ajymawmhrsm;aew,f/ xm;/ rsm;aew,fqdk&if ay:wJhpdwfudkom ½Ivdk YyJ

vdk&if;ajymvdkufawmhr,faygh/ b,fpdwfudk½I&rvJ/ (ay:wJhpdwfudk ½I&rSmyg bk&m;)/ ocsmFenf;eJUqdk wpfckxJjzpfoGm;NyD/

ay:wJhpdwfudk ½INyDqdk&if udpörNyD;bl;vm;/ (NyD;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh olUudktus,fcsJUvdkufawmh 'DrSm b,fESpfpdwf

(13-pdwfygbk&m;)/ tjyif{nfhonf b,fESpfpdwf/ (5-pdwfyg bk&m;)/ twGif; (6-pdwf)/ tdrfonf (2-pdwf/)

tJ'Dtwdkif; ½IoGm;&if 'um? 'umrawGvdkcsifwJh r*fÓmPf? zdkvfÓmPf edAÁmefonf qkawmif; &rSmvm;? aocsmayguf

rsufarSmufjyK&rSmvm;/ (aocsmayguf rsufarSmuf jyK&rSmygbk&m;)/

uJ--tJ'Dvd kqufNyD;awmh ½Iyg/ [kwfvm;/ tEkyóem½Ienf;av; 'DavmufeJUe d* H k ;csKyf Ny D;

w&m;yGJodrf;vdkufMu&atmif/



( om"k -- om"k -- om"k )

d

206








arhraeeJU



,aeU 10-&ufpcef;yGJrSm 9-&ufajrmuf naeoifwef; w&m;yGJBuD;ayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg bk&m;)/

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em;axmifwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm;u cspfom;? cspforD;wkdU qkdwJht"dyÜg,fxJrSm rygbl;vm;/ (yg-ygw,f bk&m;)/

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arm[awG rmeawG 'd|dawG tp&Sdonfjzifh tJ'D udavomqdkwJh tukodkvfw&m;awGeJU a&maxG;NyD;awmh rsm;aewJh

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207


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bkef;BuD;wdkY wkdkufwGef;wmvnf;yJ 'um? 'umrawG&JU aus;Zl;udk 'gyJ aus;Zl;qyfEdkifwmudk;As/ &[ef;oHCmrsm;&JU

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cifAsm;wdkY b,fawmhtm;rvJ/ cifAsm;wdkY tm;r,fhaeUu acgif;xJ0ifwJhaeUyJ/ a[m &if;&if;ESD;ESD; 'Dvdkajymwmaygh/

odyfr&if;ESD;wJhvlusawmh 'Dvdkrajym&Jbl;av/ awmfMum 'Dudk,fawmf bmajymrvJ vmOD;rSmudk;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/

(&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ uJ- bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um 'umrawG tm;wJhaeUu b,faeUvJ/ (acgif;xJ0if wJhaeUygbk&m;)/

acgif;xJ a&mufwJhaeU/ at;- tJ'g wynfhawmfwdkY tm;rSyJqdk&ifawmh acgif;xJ0ifawmhr,fvdkYomajym/ pum;t"dyÜg,f

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208


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taysmf[m tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD; aysmfaewm/ aysmfaumif;w,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DawG 'um? 'umrawG

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&Sif;NyDaemf/

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209


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(aorSmyg bk&m;)/

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ar;Mu &atmif}} vlrrmoGm;ar;/ ]]ausmif;'umBuD;- b,fES,faeovJ/ a0'em awG[mwdk;ovm;/ avsmhovm;}}

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wmaemf/ toufqdkwmu 'um? 'umrawG tw åynwftaeeJUajymwm/ touf&Sdwmvm;? r&Sdwmvm;/

(r&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ r&Sdbl;/ pdwfyJ &Sdw,f/ toufqdkwmu wjcm;eJUajymwmvm;? ynwfeJUajymwmvm;/

(ynwfeJUajymwmygbk&m;)/ y&rwfeJUMunfhawmh pdwfwpfpdwfcsKyfNyD;awmh pdwfwpfpdwftpm;xdk;wmyJ &Sdw,f/ 0dyóem

tm;xkwfwJh a,m*DawG 'g owdxm;yg/

tJ'Dawmh oGm;NyD; vlrrmar;awmhrS ]]ravsmhbl;/ wdk;aew,f bk&m;}}qdkawmh olU&JUcHpm;csuf

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cHpm;ae&w,f/ 'DrSm &ifxJrSm 'um? 'umrawG 0ga,mawG azmufjyefaeMuwmav/ wpfudk,fvHk; AavmifqlaeNyDaygh/

tJ'Davmufxd ylwmawG avmifwmawG emwmawG usifwmawG udkufwmawG b,favmufcHpm;ae&ovJqdkwm

cke tom;eJU ta&udk vSyfvSyf vSyfvSyf vSD;aeovdk 'Davmufemusif udkufcJaew,f ajymwm/

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a,m*DwdkY pdwful;Munfh/ aoumeD; umvusawmh 'Dvdk cHpm;ae&rSmvm;? rcHpm;bJ aorSmvm;/ (cHpm;&rSmyg

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'ku©w&m;awG[m vlwpfa,mufudk raoapEkdifao;bl;aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh vlwpfa,mufonf aooGm;avmufatmif azmufjyefw,f qkdwm[m tck wpfem&DrSm

awGUae&wmxuf tqaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm rjyif;xefbl;vm;/ (jyif;xefygw,fbk&m;)/ 'g-a,m*DwdkY ,SOfMunfhaemf/

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b,fvdkvkyf&ifqkdif&rvJ rodbl;/

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bmwuf 'DvdkrsdK;udk jzpfukefwm/ rcHEdkifawmhbl;av/ tJ'Dvdk rcHEdkifwm wjcm;vm;/ a'govm;/ (a'goygbk&m;)/

a[m- aoumeD; a'goawG jzpfaeNyD/ olrsm;aMumifh jzpfwmvm;/ udk,fhcEmxJu udk,fjzpf wmvm;/ (udk,ffhcEmxJu

jzpfwmygbk&m;)/ udk,ffhcE ¨mxJrSm jzpfay:aewJh a0'emudk onf;rcHEdkifvdkY/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ/ (onf;rcHEkdifvdkY)/ 'Dvkdjzifh

onf;rcHEdkifwm wjcm;vm;? a'govm;/ (a'goygbk&m;)/

a,m*DwkdY- yHkaoenf;xJ jyefxnfhMunfhprf;yg/ a'goeJUaoawmh i&Jjynf qkdawmh tJ'D yk*¾dKvf

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qGJNyD/ i&JrD; awGu awmufNyDaemf/ tJ'DacG;eufBuD;awG qGJw,f/ i&JrD;awG awmufawmh udk,fhudk,fudk [m--

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(i&JjynfoGm;rSm ygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh oli&Jjynfudk oGm;wmu wjcm;aMumifh oGm;wmvm;? a'gojzpfvdkY oGm;wmvm;/

(a'gojzpfvdkYoGm;wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Da'gou jzpfay:aewJh 'ku©a0'emawGudk r½IEdkifvdkY/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ/ (r½IEdkifvdkYygbk&m;)/

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tJ'Dawmh tck a,m*DwdkY[m 0dyóem½Iaewm tdk;ypf tdrfypf tqif;&JcHNyD; vm½Iwm bmvkyfwmvJ/

avhusifhaewm/ [dkaeYu abmvHk; orm;awGudk Oyrmay;NyD;NyD/ yGJ0ifumeD; twGufudk NydKifyGJ0ifumeD;twGufudk

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tJ'Dvdk &ifqkdifEdkifzdkYtwGuf tck wjcm;vkyfaewmvm;/ w&m;tm; xkwfwmvm;/ (w&m;tm;xkwfwmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ,ckw&m;tm;xkwf wmu aovkdY&Sd&if 'Dvdk ½Ir,fqdkwm wu,fawmh w&m;tm;xkwfw,fqdk wmu

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'um? 'umrawG odrfodrfarGUarGUajymwmyg/ taooifaewmyg/ 'Doifwef;wufwm wjcm;oifwef;wufaewmvm;/

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tJ'gu acG;ao? 0ufaoudk;As/ bmaoçaowmvJ/ (acG;ao? 0ufaoygbk&m;)/ oGm;NyD/ tJ'gu

tyg,foGm;r,fhtaorsdK;/

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oGm;Edkifatmif 'um? 'umrawG 'Dudk vmNyD;awmh taooifaew,fvdkY ,lyg/

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(ygygw,fbk&m;)/ uH-ukodkvfxuf psmefukokdvfu ydkNyD;awmh tm;r&Sdbl;vm;/

uJ- ,aeY orxvkyfaewm 0ifavod xGufavodvkyfaewm[m wjcm;vm;? orxvm;/ (orxygbk&m;)/

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ÓmPfeJU ½Iwmvm;/ (ÓmPfeJU½Iwm ygbk&m;)/ psmefukokdvfxuf ÓmPfukokdvfu ydkNyD;awmh tm;r&Sdbl;vm;/

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usefwmawG tukefNyD;NyD;om;yg/ taooifawmh taowwfoGm;NyD/ taowwfwJh tcgusawmh tckavmavmq,f

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(rygygbl;bk&m;)/

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tcsdefrrDawmhbl;/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm 0dnmOfvnf; csKyfNyDqdkawmh b,folrS ru,fEdkifawmhbl;/ 'Dawmh wu,fhta&;

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* wu,fhta&; wu,fhab; wu,fhta&; wu,fhab;

wu,fhta&; wu,fhab; wu,fhta&; wu,fhab;

wu,fhta&; wu,fhab;

b,faoG; b,fom; ru,fEdkif/ b,faoG; b,fom; ru,fEdkif/

b,faoG; b,fom; ru,fEdkif/ b,faoG; b,fom; ru,fEdkif/

b,faoG; b,fom; ru,fEdkif/

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bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY 'Dtvkyfudk vkyfwJhyk*¾dKvfwkdif; udk,fhudk,fudk oem;vdkY vkyfMuwm/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

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pdk;&drfylyefrIawG jzpfvdrfhr,f/ tJ'gaMumifh cspfom;wkdY cspforD;wkdY tcktcsdef uHaumif;wkef;? tcg aumif;wkef;?

t&G,faumif;wkef;? tcsdefaumif;wkef;rSm orx 0dyóem w&m;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMu/ tJ'g igbk&m;\

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xyfNyD;awmh ta&;BuD;vGef;vdkY owday;w,faemf/

'um? 'umrawGwJh/ jrwfpGmbk&m; tJ'Dvdk a[mwm/ bk&m;qdkwm ESpfcGef;rajymbl;/ wpfcGef;eJU trSefukd

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ajymEdkifw,f/ bk&m;u tifrwef tvkyfvkyfwmaemf/ urÇmay:rSm tvkyftBuD;rm;qHk;vkyfwJh yk*¾dKvfudk

vufn§dK;xkd;ygqkd&if bk&m;udk vufn §dK;xkd;&rSm/ tvkyfudk tifrwef vkyfwmaemf/ tdyfcsdefr&Sdatmif owå0gtusdK;udk

o,fydk;oGm;wmyg/ tJ'Davmuf tvkyfrsm;wJh bk&m;jzpfaomaMumifh pum;ESpfcGef;rajymEdkifbl;/ wpfcGef;yJ ajymEdkifw,f/

tJ'DjrwfpGmbk&m;onf ,ck'Da'oempOfudk a[mwm tBudrfaygif; 1792-Budrf/ b,favmufa[mwmvJ/ (1792-

Budrf)/ enf;enf;aemaemvm;/ 'um? 'umrwdkY/ 'gaMumifh r[mu½kPm&Sif jzpfwmaemf/ udk,fcsif;pmMunfhprf;yg/

rdrdeJUudk,fcsif;pmMunfhMuprf;yg/ udk,fcsif;pmMunfhyg qkdMuygpkdY/ om;awG orD;awG wynfhwyef;awG bmawGnmawG

vlwdkif;vlwdkif;r&SdMubl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ qHk;rw,f/ 1-Budrfajymw,f/ r&bl;/ 3-Budrfajymw,f/ r&bl;/

pdwfuwdkvma&m/ rif;? igqHk;raewm 3-Budrf&SdNyDuG/ 4-Budrf&SdNyDuG/ aemuf igrajymcsifawmhbl;/ vufygvmawmhr,f/

tr,f-jzpfvma&m/ pdwfwkdoGm;NyD/

jrwfpGmbk&m; tck b,favmufvJ/ (1792-Budrfygbk&m;)/ pdwfrwdkbl;aemf/ 'gaMumifh r[mu½kPm&SifBuD;

'um? 'umrawG/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Davmufxdatmif rdrdtay:rSm oem;u½kPmrsm;onfh twGufaMumifh

r[mu½kPm&SifBuD; jzpfonfh twGufaMumifh awmf½Hkwef½Hk tm;rxkwfcsifvdkY ysif;wJhpdwfuav; ay:vm&if

'DrsufESmawmfukdawmh jyefMunfhzdk Yvdkygw,f/ aMomf- 'dkUtwGuf 'Davmufxdawmif tepfemcHNyD;awmh

u,foGm;wJhtwGufaMumifh ysif;pdwfuav;0if&if bk&m;a&TrsufrSmawmf iJhNyD;awmh 'um? 'umrawG rvkyfcsifvnf;

bmvkyf&rvJ/ (vkyf&r,f)/ vkyf&r,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ aemufqHk; tm;emyg;emav; tm;xkwfvkdufOD;awmh

olrsm;twGufvm;/ udk,fhtwGufvm;/ (udk,fhtwGufygbk&m;)/ 'Davmuf xdatmif 'um? 'umrawG

avQmhaps;ay;NyD;awmh a[moGm;wmyg/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tjyHK;eJUtrJ htjyHK;eJUtrJ htjyHK;eJUtrJ htjyHK;eJUtrJ htjyHK;eJUtrJ h

uJ--,ck bmw&m;tm;xkwf&rvJ/ (orx0dyóem)/ tJ'Dawmh orx&,f? 0dyóem&,f 2-rsKd;&Sdygw,f/

b,fESrsKd;ygvJ/ (2-rsKd;yg bk&m;)/ 'gu orxvdkY em;vnfyg/ 'gu 0dyóemvdkY em;vnfyg/ bmvdkYvJ qdkawmh

,aeUtm;xkwfwm 9-&uf&SdNyDqdkawmh udk,fhtm;xkwf aewm orxyJjzpfaeovm;? 0dyóemyJjzpfaeovm;/

orxu b,favmuf twdkif;twm&Sdw,f? 0dyóemu b,favmuftwdkif;twm &Sdw,f qdkwmudk bkef;BuD;wdkU

a,m*DawG odxm;zdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ tJ'D awmh 'D a,m*DawG 'Davmufrsm;aeawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY w&m;ppfzdkYudkvnf;

wpfa,mufcsif; rppfEdkifygbl;/ 'Dw&m;[m a,m*DwdkYrSm;ae&if jyefNyD; ½IuGufjyifwJh w&m;yJvdkYvJ tav;*½kjyKNyD;vdkY

emMuygaemf/ 'gaMumifh tjrJwrf; 0dyóem a,m*DawG 'ku©a&mufwJh ae&mu 'Dae&mrSm ay:vmvdrfhr,f/

tcsdKUÓmPfrwufawmhbl;? b,fES,fÓmPfrwufygvdrfhvJqdkawmh ½IuGuf awG rSm;çrSm;aevdkYaygh/ tJawmh

wpfa,mufcsif;½IuGufudk rjyifEdkifygbl; a,m*DwdkU/ okdYaomf 'Dw&m;rSm a'oempOfwdkif;om bkef;BuD;wdkYu aus;Zl;

jyKw,f/ udk,feJUwkdufqdkifwmav;udk jyefNyD;awmh ,lvdkufyg/ &Sif;NyD;aemf/

tJ'Dawmh orx&,f? 0dyóem&,f/ 'Dawmh (1) orxqdkwJh oabmw&m;u psmef&zdkY tm;xkwfwm/

orxu (psmef&zdkY)/ 0dyóemu ÓmPf&zdkY/ orxu psmef&zdkY/ 0dyóemu ÓmPf&zdkY/ okdYjzifh orxudk tm;xkwfvkdU

½lypsmef? t½lypsmefqkdwmawGU&awmh ocFg&eJUajym&if bm ocFg&/ (tmaeOömbdocFg&)/ okdYjzifh tJ'D tmaeOömbd

ocFg&[m 'um? 'umrawG auseyfvdkY &yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ olUudky,fvdkYaum jzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;)/

oludk y,fvdkYvnf; r&bl;/ oleJUauseyfaevdkYvnf; rjzpfbl;/ oleJUauseyfae&if bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG

]]ypöEÅ&pf}}udk a&mufoGm;vdrfhr,f/ bk&m;ryGifhwJh ae&maygh/ bk&m;omoem ra&mufwJh ae&maygh/ [kwfvm;/

'Dawmh &yfjypf&Spfyg;xJ a&mufoGm;Edkifw,f/ bmaMumifh vJvdkYqdk&if 'DjrwfpGmbk&m;yGifhxGef;ay:ayguf umpu

]]a'0DV}} &aohBuD; qdkwm&Sdygw,f/ tavmif;awmfarG;wkef;u ]]a'0DV}} &aohBuD; r&Sdbl;vm;/ eef;OD;rSmudk;uG,fxm;wJh

&aohBuD;/ ajroQdL;rdk;ysHaewJh &aohBuD; b,favmuf xd tjriftMum;aygufovJqdk a&SUurÇmav;q,f? aemufurÇm

214


av;q,f jrifwJh &aohBuD;/ 'DawmhorxrSm txGwftxdyfa&mufaew,fvkdY ajymygawmh/ tJ'D&aohBuD;udk

tavmif;awmfav; arG;wJhtcgusawmh ]]oka' ¨g'e}} rif;BuD;u olUq&m &aohudk om;awmfav;ukd jywmaygh

ÓmPfudef;wJh cEmb,favmufjrwfaeovJqdkwmaemf/ vlwumu udk;uG,faewJh &aohBuD; acgif;ay:

wufr&yfbl;vm;/ (&yfygw,fbk&m;)/ 'DawmhrS zatudk,fwdkif 'um? 'umrawG om;udk vuftkyfcsD &Sdckd;&w,f/

tJ'DawmhrS &aohBuD;uaeNyD; aMomf- acgif;ay:rSm tavmif;awmf&yfaeNyD/ 0rf;omvGef;vdkY&aohBuD;NyHK;&Smw,faygh/

aMomf-ow å0gawGawmh uRwfawmh r,f/ bk&m;yGifhawmhr,f olrodbl;vm;/ (odygw,fbk&m;)/ olodwJhtwGuf

0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfNyD;awmhrNyHK;bl;vm;/ (NyHK;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'D tcsdefaemuf a[m NyHK;vdkYrS 'um? 'umrawG

vufprowfbl;/ wpfcgwnf; rSudk &aohBuD;rsuf&nfawGusawmhwmygyJ/ rJhvmwmaygh/ 'Dawmh bmjzpfoGm;

wmvJvdkYqdkawmh bk&m;yGifhwJhtcsdef olr&Sdawmhbl;/ bk&m;yGifhwJhtcsdef olr&Sdawmhbl;/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm olaoawmhrSmaygh/

aowJhtcg bk&m;yGifhwJh tcsdefrSm owå0gawG uRwfrSmqdkawmh oluRwfwrf;0ifwJhtxJygao;&JUvm;/ (rygawmhygbl;)/

rygawmhbl;vdkU od&if olU&JU tusifhonf tqHk;xd ra&muf ao;bl;qdkwm oloabmrayguf bl;vm;/ (oabmayguf

ygw,fbk&m;)/ okdYaomfvnf; olUtusifhudk olpGefUvdkY &&JUvm;/ (r&ygbl;bk&m;)/ pGefUvdkUvnf; r&wmvnf;

wpfaMumif;aemf/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY tusifhwpfck[m pl;0ifoGm;&if jrm;0ifovdkyJ EIwfzdkUcufw,f a,m*DwdkY/

olu orxudk tqHk;wk di fatmif tm;xkwfxm;wJ h yk*¾ d Kvfqk dawmh 'Djrm; olUr0ifbl;vm;/

tm;rxkwfygeJUqdkvdkYr&awmhbl;/ orx&JU t&omudk olcHpm;w,f/ psmef&JU t&omudk olcHpm;w,f/ bmeJUrS

rvJEdkifawmhbl;/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'DawmhrS psmefay:rSm zufwG,fvmwmvnf; wpfaMumif;ayghaemf/ psmefudkvnf;yJ

wG,fwmwmvnf;wpfaMumif;? tJ'DcsdefrSm olUudk vrf;ajymif;ay;r,fhq&m&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/ r&Sdbl;/ tck b,favmuf

a,m*DwdkY 0rf;omp&maumif;vJ/ orxtvkyfeJU &wJhpsmefonf jA[®m0dnmPf 'ku©rvGwfao;bl;/ wjcm;&vdkYvm;?

tao&vdkYvm;/ (tao& vdkYygbk&m;)/ uJ--tJ'Dpum;vHk;av; wpfvHk;awmifrSyJ odzdkYvG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl;bk&m;)/

[dkrSm ]]a'0DV}}&aohBuD; ajrvQdL;rdk;ysHaew,f/ tJ'g rodbl;/ rodwJhtwGufaMumifhrdkY oluRwfwrf; 0ifwJhxJ

rygbl;qdkawmh 0rf;renf;bl;vm;/ (enf;ygw,fbk&m;)/ rsuf&nfuswmyJ/ rJhoGm;w,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

0dyóemtusdK;0dyóemtusdK;0dyóemtusdK;0dyóemtusdK;0dyóemtusdK;

tJ'geJYyJ qdkMuygpdkY/ 'D&aohBuD;vnf; aooGm;wJhtcgusawmh jA[®mjynf ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f)/

jA[®mjynfa&mufwJhtcgusawmh aMomf- bk&m;vnf; yGifhvnf;yGifhvdkufa&m MunhfvdkufwJhtcgusawmh aooGm;NyD/

&aohBuD; bk&m;eJUrqHkawmhbl;/ tu,fvdkUom igeJU awGUvdkuf&if wpfr*fwpfzdkvf &aumif;w,f/ wpfvSdrfh av;udk;/

tck bk&m;eJU rawGUwJh tcgusawmh oltyg,fab;vGwfyghrvm;/ (rvGwfygbl;bk&m;)/ tdk-wpfcgwnf;rSudk

uyfurÇmaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm oufwrf;BuD;udk udk,fh toufudk udk,frrSwfrdavmufatmif t&SnfBuD; jzpfaeNyD/

tJ'Duaeudk cEmNydKuGJ ukokdvfpJu azmufvGJyg,f&Gm a&mufNrJomwnf; qdkawmh tyg,f jyefrusEdkifbl;vm;/

(usEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/ 'gudk ]]rCa'0 vuFmopf}} q&muaemf--/

* opömrod 'd|druGm yk*¾ dKvfrSmvQif vlwGifpMum ewfrSm odMum; rdk;zsm;jA[®m jzpfwHkygvnf; opömrod 'd|druGm yk*¾ dKvfrSmvQif vlwGifpMum ewfrSm odMum; rdk;zsm;jA[®m jzpfwHkygvnf;

opömrod 'd|druGm yk*¾ dKvfrSmvQif vlwGifpMum ewfrSm odMum; rdk;zsm;jA[®m jzpfwHkygvnf; opömrod 'd|druGm yk*¾ dKvfrSmvQif vlwGifpMum ewfrSm odMum; rdk;zsm;jA[®m jzpfwHkygvnf;

opömrod 'd|druGm yk*¾ dKvfrSmvQif vlwGifpMum ewfrSm odMum; rdk;zsm;jA[®m jzpfwHkygvnf;

cEcE

cEcE

cE ¨¨ ¨¨ ¨mNydKuGJ ukokdvfpJumNydKuGJ ukokdvfpJu

mNydKuGJ ukokdvfpJumNydKuGJ ukokdvfpJu

mNydKuGJ ukokdvfpJu

azmufvTJyg,f&Gm a&mufNrJomwnf;/azmufvTJyg,f&Gm a&mufNrJomwnf;/

azmufvTJyg,f&Gm a&mufNrJomwnf;/azmufvTJyg,f&Gm a&mufNrJomwnf;/

azmufvTJyg,f&Gm a&mufNrJomwnf;/

rCa'0 q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u 'Dwdkif;qkdxm;wm/ jA[®mBuD; jzpfoGm;awmh &ifxJrSm wjcm;ygoGm;wmvm;/

'd|dygoGm;wmvm;/ ('d|dygoGm; wmygbk&m;)/ tck a,m*DwdkY aeYpOfaeYwdkif; wjcm;jzKwfaewmvm;/ 'd|djzKwfaewmvm;/

('d|djzKwfaewmygbk&m;)/ [dk ajrvQdL;rdk;ysHaewJh &aohBuD; &ifxJrSm bmygoGm;wmvJ/ ('d|dygoGm;wmygbk&m;)/

aMomf- avmutae eJYMunfh&if ajrvQdL;rdk;ysHaewm/ odkYaomf &ifxJrSmbm&SdwmvJ/ ('dd|d&Sdwm ygbk&m;)/ 'd|djzKwfawmh

wjcm;y,fwmvm;? i&JrsdK;aphy,fwmvm;/ (i&JrsdK;aph y,fwmygbk&m;)/ [dkrSm &aohBuD; jA[®mjynfa&mufawmh

&ifxJrSm bmygoGm; wmvJ/ (i&JrsdK;aphygoGm;wmygbk&m;)/ i&JrsdK;aphygvm&if cEmNydKuGJ ukodkvf pJu azmufvTJyg,f&Gm

215


a&mufNrJomwnf;/ tyg,fab; rvGwfbl;As/ a[m'D'd|dudkjzKwfNyD; ao&if aocsmayguf ewfjynf

ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,fbk&m;)/ ewfjynfa&mufwJhtcgusawmh ewfobif tpnf; ta0;rSm

w&m;emvdkufr,fqkd&if ewfaomwmyefjzpfEdkifw,f/]]aomwmEk*w}} okwfrSm tmrcHcsufeJU bk&m;a[mxm;NyD;om;/

bkef;BuD; tcsdefr&vdkY 'DrSm rajymawmhwmaemf/ aemif tvsOf;oifhovdk 'Dw&m;vnf; a[may; ygr,faemf/

]]aomwmEk*w}}okwfrSm aoaocsmcsm ewfjynf a&mufNyD;&if ewforD;&ifcGifxJrSmudk aomwmyef jzpfEdkifw,fwJh/

a[m'D 'd|djzKwfwJh w&m;udkom emxm;/ 'd|djzKwfwJhtvkyfudkom vkyfxm;/ aomwmyef rjzpfeJY OD;aemf/

'kwd,b0ewforD; &ifcGifxJrSm bGm;ueJ aomwmyef rjzpfEdkif bl;vm;/ (jzpfEdkifygw,fbk&m;)/ jzpfEdkifwmyJ/

aemufqHk; tJ'D ewforD; &ifcGifxJrSm aomwmyef rjzpfawmifrSyJ ewf"r®uxdutaeeJY ewf w&m;yGJrSm 'um?

'umrawG aomwmyef jzpfEdkifw,f/ av;csuf a[mxm; w,f xm;awmh/ tJ'gonf orxeJU wif;wdrfae&if

'um? 'umrawG rjzpfbl;vkdY ajymwmaygh/

tJ'Dawmh orxu wjcm;vm;? psmef&zdkYvm;/ (psmef&zdkYygbk&m;)/ 0dyóemu (ÓmPf&zdkY)/ tJ'Dawmh

0dyóem tvkyfudk vkyf&if 0dyóem tusdK;w&m;u ydk&r,f/ 0dyóem tusdK;w&m;u aemf---

* nOf;nLr&Sd? NrJ*wdESif h nOf;nLr&Sd? NrJ*wdESif h

nOf;nLr&Sd? NrJ*wdESif h nOf;nLr&Sd? NrJ*wdESif h

nOf;nLr&Sd? NrJ*wdESif h

owdrarh? csdefaeYodjyef owdrarh? csdefaeYodjyef

owdrarh? csdefaeYodjyef owdrarh? csdefaeYodjyef

owdrarh? csdefaeYodjyef

rsufvSefaMumqGJ? r&SdbJvQif rsufvSefaMumqGJ? r&SdbJvQif

rsufvSefaMumqGJ? r&SdbJvQif rsufvSefaMumqGJ? r&SdbJvQif

rsufvSefaMumqGJ? r&SdbJvQif

aovnf; rawmifhwif; ykyfeHUuif;onf aovnf; rawmifhwif; ykyfeHUuif;onf

aovnf; rawmifhwif; ykyfeHUuif;onf aovnf; rawmifhwif; ykyfeHUuif;onf

aovnf; rawmifhwif; ykyfeHUuif;onf

usdK;&if; 0dyóem wefcdk;wnf;/ usdK;&if; 0dyóem wefcdk;wnf;/

usdK;&if; 0dyóem wefcdk;wnf;/ usdK;&if; 0dyóem wefcdk;wnf;/

usdK;&if; 0dyóem wefcdk;wnf;/

' DvuFmav;aw Gawm h &atmi fusu fxm;aem f / a Mom f- i gw k d Y 0 dyóemtm;x kw fv d k Y

'DtusdK;w&m;awG&r,fqdkawmh a,m*DwdkY o'gw&m;awG tm;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tifrwef o'gw&m;awG

xufvmw,f/ BudK;pm;csifwJhpdwf aygufwmayghaemf/ 'g 0dyóem&JU tusdK;w&m;/ xm;vdkufawmhaemf/

odyfus,foGm;r,f--[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh orx&,f 0dyóem&,f/

tvkyfpcef;0ifMupd kUtvkyfpcef;0ifMupd kUtvkyfpcef;0ifMupd kUtvkyfpcef;0ifMupd kUtvkyfpcef;0ifMupd kU

(1)(1)

(1)(1)

(1)

orxu psmef&zdk Y/ 0dyóemu ÓmPf&zdk Y/orxu psmef&zdk Y/ 0dyóemu ÓmPf&zdk Y/

orxu psmef&zdk Y/ 0dyóemu ÓmPf&zdk Y/orxu psmef&zdk Y/ 0dyóemu ÓmPf&zdk Y/

orxu psmef&zdk Y/ 0dyóemu ÓmPf&zdk Y/

tJ'Dawmh 'grwlnDwJh tcsufuav; jrefjrefoGm;vdkuf&atmif/ wu,ftvkyfvkyf&if tcsdefu ravmufbl;

a,m*DwdkY/ 'gaMumifhrdkUvdkY &&SdwJh puúefYeJUtcsdef[m tifrwef wefzdk;&Sdygw,faemf/

(2) (2)

(2) (2)

(2)

orxqkdonf ynwfudk½Iygw,f/ 0dyóemu y&rwfudk½Iygw,f/orxqkdonf ynwfudk½Iygw,f/ 0dyóemu y&rwfudk½Iygw,f/

orxqkdonf ynwfudk½Iygw,f/ 0dyóemu y&rwfudk½Iygw,f/orxqkdonf ynwfudk½Iygw,f/ 0dyóemu y&rwfudk½Iygw,f/

orxqkdonf ynwfudk½Iygw,f/ 0dyóemu y&rwfudk½Iygw,f/

'Dvkdjzifh&if tcka,m*DwdkY 'Dw&m;udk tckrS a[mwmaemf/ apmapm ydkif;u ynwfqdkwm bmac:w,f/

y&rwfqdkwm bmac:w,f/ tMurf;zsif; oifNyD;NyDaygh/ tu,fvdkY ynwf y&rwfudkom oifrxm;&if orxynwf

½Iw,f/ 0dyóem y&rwf½Iw,fqkdwm bmajymrSef;rodjzpfoGm;NyD/ 'gaMumifh 0dyóemqdkwm tusifhrcuf?

todcuf\wJh/ ynwftaMumif;udk 'Dae&mrSm &Sif;zdkY tcsdefr&awmhbl;aemf/

(3) orxonf wpfckaom tm½Hkudk pl;pk duf½Iygw,f/(3) orxonf wpfckaom tm½Hkudk pl;pk duf½Iygw,f/

(3) orxonf wpfckaom tm½Hkudk pl;pk duf½Iygw,f/(3) orxonf wpfckaom tm½Hkudk pl;pk duf½Iygw,f/

(3) orxonf wpfckaom tm½Hkudk pl;pk duf½Iygw,f/

0dyóemonf xif&Sm;wmudk ½Iygw,f/0dyóemonf xif&Sm;wmudk ½Iygw,f/

0dyóemonf xif&Sm;wmudk ½Iygw,f/0dyóemonf xif&Sm;wmudk ½Iygw,f/

0dyóemonf xif&Sm;wmudk ½Iygw,f/ 'gav; enf;enf;xyf&Sif; ygr,f/ orxonf wpfckaom

tm½Hkudkpl;pdkuf½Iw,fqkdawmh tm½Hk wpfckwnf;udk ½Iaewmaemf/ ESpfck½Iwmvm;? wpfck½Iwmvm;/ (wpfck ½Iwmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh t"du a,m*DwdkY tm;xkwfwm ]]tómo yómo tmemygeur®|mef;}} r½Ibl;vm;/ (½Iygw,f)/

0ifavod xGufavod wpfckwnf;aemf/ wpfckwnf;/ tm½Hkwpfckwnf;udk pl;pkdufNyD;awmh ½Iaewm/ 0ifavod

xGufavod ½Iaewm bmygvdrfh/ (orx)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if orxrSm ur®|mef;w&m; 40 aygh/ aemuf 'gav;tao;pdwf

avhvmxm;yg/ pmzwfxm;MuygOD;aemf/ bkef;BuD; 'DrSm oifcsdefr&bl;/

216


orxur®|mef; 40- qkdawmh ,aeY trsm;oHk;aewJh acwfpm;aewJh ykwD;rpdyfMubl;vm;/ (pdyfMuygw,fbk&m;)/

pdyfprf;yg/ 'um? 'umrawG ukdwdkufwGef;w,f/ Ak' ¨gEkówdudk;/ orxtvkyfvkyfwm raumif;wmvm;?

aumif;wmvm;/ (aumif;ygw,f)/ aumif;w,f/ vkyfMuprf;yg/ 'gayrJh olu vdk&if;om ra&mufao;wmudk;/

olu taxmuftyHh &r,fayghav aemf/ tJ'Dawmh ykwD;pdyfw,fqdkawmh t&[H t&[H t&[H *kPfawmfudk

tm½HkjyK&if Ak' ¨gEkówdaygh/ 'Dvkdjzifh w&m;awmfudk tm½HkjyK&if "r®mEkówd aygh/ oHCmh*kPf tm½HkjyK&if

oHCmEkówdaygh/ [m- a[wkypöa,m tm&r®Pypöa,m tp&Sdojzifhaygh "r®mEkówdawGaygh/ tokbur®|mef;/

tokb½IwmawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ aojcif;w&m;awGudk qifjcifwmawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/

orxur®|mef;w&m;-40/ ½Icsifwm½I? wjcm;vm;? orxvm;/ (orxygbk&m;)/ tm½Hkwpfckudk pl;pkduf½Iwm/

wpfcsdKU uokdPf;0ef;udk 0goemygwJh yk*¾dKvfawG&Sdw,f/ uokdPf; MunfhMuwmaygh/ tcsdKUvnf;yJ 'um? 'umrawG

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'um? 'umrawG aeMunfhw,fAs/ aeMunfhwmaum r&Sdbl;vm;/ vkyfyg/ 0goemygwJh tvkyfudk vkyfomvkyfvdkY

bkef;BuD;wdkY wkdufwGef;w,f/ odkYaomf tJ'gu edA Ámefudk wdkuf½dkufa&mufEdkifwJh tvkyf r[kwfbl;vdkYawmh odxm;yg/

tukokdvfjzpfwJh tvkyfr[kwfbl;aemf/

tJ'Dawmh- tJ'Dvdk tm½Hkwpfckudk pl;pkdufNyD;awmh ½Iwmbmac:vJ/ (orx)/ tm½Hkwpfckudk pl;pkduf½Iaewm

orx/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if wpfem&DvHk;vHk; 0ifavod xGufavod rSwfaewm[m bmeJU tcsdefukefwmvJ/ (orxeJY

tcsdefukefwmygbk&m;)/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dvdkqdk&if a,m*DwdkY wpfem&DvHk;vHk; 0ifavod? xGufavodudk rSwfaevdkY

jzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl;bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh 0ifavod? xGufavodudk rSwfaewJhtcgusawmh tm½Hku 'DrSm pl;pkduf

aewJhtcgusawmh odyfNyD;awmh 'Du emwm? usifwm? udkufwm? cJwmawGu r&Sdbl;aygh/ em&D0ufavmuf ½Ivm&if

cE¨mu 'um? 'umrawG 'Dwdkif; raeawmhbl;/ jyvmNyD/ ajymvmNyD/ olu emjyvmr,f/ ig emae w,fuG/

igrcHEdkifawmhbl;/ b,folu ajymwmvJ/ (cE¨mu ajymwmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh 'd|drjzKwfwwfao;wJh yk*¾dKvf rjzKwf&ao;wJh yk*¾dKvf rjzKwfaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;wGif olUrSm 'd|dr&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh emwmu olrsm;emwmvm;? igemwmvm;/ (igemwmygbk&m;)/ igemaew,f/ igrcHEdkifbl;/

igha&TUay;prf;/ 'd|du cdkif;wm/ b,folu ckdif;wmvJ/ ('d|du ckdif;wmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh 'd|dqdkwm

bmrSef;vJrodaemfqdkawmh ouúm,'d|d qdkwm bmrSef;rod/ oów Oapä' bmrSef;rod/ oifrxm;&if odyghrvm;/

(rodygbl;)/ a[m oifxm;wJhtcgusawmh a,m*DwdkY 'Dae&mrSm 'd|djzKwfwJh todu 0ifvmNyD/ [m- emwm

igeJUvnf; rqdkifygvm;/ emwm wjcm; w&m;vm;/ ½kyfw&m;vm;/ (½kyfw&m;ygbk&m;)/ ½kyfw&m;eJY rdrdeJY bmqdkifvJ/

(rqdkifygbl;bk&m;)/ rqdkifbl;aemf/ okdYaomf aMomf- ½kyfw&m;u olYoabm olaqmifaewm/ 'DtxJrSm igrygbl;/

igyg&JUvm;/ (ig rygygbl;bk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh ig rygbl;qdkawmh yxrawmh todav;eJU odvdkufwmaygh/ ig rygbl;vdkY odvkdufNyDqdkuwnf;u

enf;enf;awmh oufomoGm;w,f/ roufombl;vm;/ tJ'g todav;eJU oufomwmaemf/ tJ'DawmhrS

wu,fonf;cHNyD;awmh ½IwJhtcgusawmh a[m'DcEmudk,fBuD;onf emwm usifwm udkufwm cJwm rcsdrqHYjzpfNyD;

azmufjyefaeNyDqdkawmh a[m--olYoabmolraqmifbl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh em&if 'um? 'umrawGu emw,fvkdY

odae/ em&if emw,fvdkY odwm ESpfpdwfvm;? wpfpdwfvm;/ (wpfpdwfygbk&m;)/ orx/ tm½Hkwpfckudk pl;pkduf½Iwm

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avmufqdk&if cEmudk,fazmufjyefvmNyD/ azmufjyefvmNyDqdk&if 0dyóemonf xif&Sm;wm udk ½I&r,f/ 0dyóemonf

(xif&Sm;wmudk ½I&rSmygbk&m;)/

eHygwf-3 t*Fgu 0dyóemonf bmudk½I/ (xif&Sm;wmudk ½I& ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if orxu

217


tm½Hkwpfckudk pl;pdkuf½Iw,f/ 0dyóem u xif&Sm;wmudk ½Iw,f/ 0ifavod xGufavod rSwfae&muae jzKwfypf

vdkufawmh a,m*DwdkY/ xif&Sm;wmudk ½I&r,faemf/ tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm 0ifavod xGufavodonf rxif&Sm;awmhbl;/

puwnf;u tm½Hkukd 'DrSm renf; pdwfudkwif;NyD;awmh ½IaerS xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jrifwm/ tJ'Dawmh wpfzufuae

emwm usifwm udkufwm cJwmawG 'ku©a0'emawG tMurf;pm;awG ay:wJhtcgusawmh 0ifavod xGufavoday:rSm

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½I&rSmvm;/ (xif&Sm;wmudk½I&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh xif&Sm;awmh em&ifbmudk½I/ (emwmudk½I)/ emw,fvdkY½I/

'Dvdkjzifh emw,fvdkY ½Iawmh emw,fvdkYod&if bmvJ/ orx/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if wpfemeJU wpfem wl&JUvm;/ (rwlygbl;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if emw,f/ a[m r&Sdawmhbl;/ emw,fvdkY pdwfwpfpdwfay:&if cEmb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;)/ cHpm;wmawG

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'Dawmh xif&Sm;wmudk ½I& r,faygh/

tJ'Dawmh 'Dvdk emae&if;uaeNyD;awmh Mumawmh MuyfMuyfemwJh tcgusawmh rcHEdkifbl;/ tpydkif;uawmh

'Dwdkif;yJ awG;rSmyJ/ rcHEdkifwJh tcgusawmh udk,fuvnf; 'DrSmu Oya'ou wwfEdkifoavmuf BudK;pm; NyD;awmh½I?

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onf;cHNyD;awmhom Munfh&r,f/ onf;cH&if edA Ámefa&mufw,fqdkwm 'Dae&mudk ajymwm/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'DawmhrS xif&Sm;wJhae&m MunfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmhrS wjznf;jznf; onf;awmhonf;cHMunfhao;wmyJ/

pçpcsif; b,fvdkrS onf;rcHEdkifawmhbl;/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fuvnf; vIyfvIyf vIyfvIyf ajymif;& a&TU&rSmvnf; cuf

vmNyD/ trsm;tm;xkwfaew,f igtm;rxkwfEdkifbl; qdkawmh pdwfuvnf; rcHcsifbl;vm;/ avmu taetxm;tm;jzifh

ayNyD;awmh 'Dvdk½IaewmyJ/ b,fvdkrS r½IEd kifwJhtcgusawmh wpfcgwnf; tm½Hkudkajymif;ypfvdkufw,f/

bmvkyfvdkufwmvJ/ (tm½Hkudkajymif;vdkufwmygbk&m;)/ 0ifavod xGufav odudk wcsdKU cyfjyif;jyif;av; ½Ivdkufw,f/

tm½Hkpdwfudk 'Dvdkajymif;ypfwm/[dkuae 'Dvdka&TUwm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dvdk rajymif;csifwJhtcgusawmh tcsdKUrsm;

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a[m/ [kdae&m uae 'Dudka&TUvdkufw,f? a&TUwm? a&TUwmaemf/ tcsdKUemwmudkrsm; em;&Gufudk vdrfvdkvdrf? a[m

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a0'em 'DrSmraeeJU oGm; ESmoD;zsm;udkoGm;/ 'g cdkif;aewm cdkif;aewm/ tJ'Dawmh em;&Gufvdrfw,fuGm/ em;&Gufudk

ajymif;vdkuf [dkajymif;vdkuf 'Dajymif;vdkufqdkawmh tr,f[dkrSm avsmhoGm; ovdkvdkyJ/ wu,fawmh avsmhwm

[kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ todom ajymif;aewmaygh/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dae&mrSm tewåjzpf&r,fh tpm; bmjzpfoGm;vJ/

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bk&m;)/ tJ'DcEm 5-yg;onf emNyD;aysmuf? a[m tJ'g 0dyóem ÓmPfaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

'Dawmh 0dyóemonf wpfae&mwnf; ½Iwmvm;/ xif&Sm;wmudk ½Iwmvm;/ (xif&Sm;wmudk ½Iwmygbk&m;)/

uJ- aemufwpfcsuf oGm;Mu &atmif? tcsdefvk&r,f [kwfvm;/

218


(4)(4)

(4)(4)

(4)

orxonf pdwfysHUvGif h&if jyefwifw,f/orxonf pdwfysHUvGif h&if jyefwifw,f/

orxonf pdwfysHUvGif h&if jyefwifw,f/orxonf pdwfysHUvGif h&if jyefwifw,f/

orxonf pdwfysHUvGif h&if jyefwifw,f/

0dyóemu apmifh½Iw,f/0dyóemu apmifh½Iw,f/

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oifxm;NyD;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dvdk oifwJhtcgusawmh 'gawGudk ½I&if; ½I&if; ½I&if;eJU wpfcgwpfav ½IuGufawGaysmufoGm;a&m/

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£aÈúdk awmfawmf n § d&ygw,f a,m*DwdkY/

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219


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pdwåmEkyóemonf xif&Sm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u owdy|mefw&m; 4-yg;&Sdaomfvnf;yJ

a&G;cs,fNyD; awmh pdw åmEkyóemudk ½Icd kif;wm/ usefwJh tEkyóemawGudk r½IeJUvdkU rajymbl;aemf/

b,folUudkOD;pm;ay;xm;wmvJ/ (pdwåmEkyóemudk OD;pm; ay;wmygbk&m;)/ tck Munfh ½IuGufaysmufoGm;wJhtcgusawmh

b,fpdwf udk½I/ (tdrfonfpdwfudk½I)/ tdrfonfpdwf 2-pdwfr&Sdbl;vm;/ avudk xkwfcsifwJhpdwf? avudkoGif;csifwJhpdwf/

tJ'D tdrfonfpdwf 2-pdwfudk ½Ivdkufawmh bmjzpfvJ/ 'Dpdwfudk OD;pm;ay;NyD; bmvdkY½IwmvJqdkawmh a,m*DwdkY

,aeUtm;xkwfaewm wjcm;vkyfwmvm;? 'd|dowfaewmvm;/ ('d|dowf aewmygbk&m;)/ 'd|donf

wjcm;rSmuyfwmvm;? pdwfrSmuyfwmvm;/ (pdwfrSmuyfwmygbk&m;)/ [kwfNyD/ 'gu- usrf;*eftwdkif;q&mawmf

bk&m;BuD; a[moGm;wmaemf/

'd|donf pdwfrSm tuyfrsm;w,fqdkawmh pdwåmEkyóemudk½I&if 'd|djyKwfwm vG,fwmaygh/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh avudk xkwfcsifwJhpdwf? avudkoGif;csifwJhpdwf/ tJ'Dpdwfudk a,m*DwdkY quf½IzdkUta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh reufuwkef;u prf;oyfcdkif;NyD;NyDaemf/ avudk xkwfcsifw,f/ wpfpdwfay:NyD; wpfpdwfbmjzpfvJ/ ysuf/

aemufwpfcg avudk xkwfcsifw,f/ wpfpdwfay:NyD; wpfpdwfysuf/ tJ'gudk q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u jzpfysuf/

bmygvdrfh/ (jzpfysuf)/ 'Dvdkjzifh avudkxkwfcsifwJh pdwfvnf; jzpfysuf/ avudkoGif;csifwJhpdwfvnf; jzpfysuf/

tJ'Dpdwfonf tdyfaysmfaewJh tcsdefuvGJí tcsdefjynfhr&Sdbl;vm;? (&Sdygw,f)/ odkYjzifh a,m*DwdkY yifwkdif½I&r,fh

t½IcHonf tdrfonfpdwf 2-pdwfygyJ/ b,fpdwf 2-pdwf/ (tdrfonfpdwf 2-pdwf)/

tJ'Dawmh orxeJU 0dyóemudk tm;xkwfwJhtcgrSm tu,fvdkY 0dyóemuae orxjyeful;oGm;&if

ÓmPfwufr,fMuHvdkuf usoGm;vdkuf? wufr,fMuHvdkuf usoGm;vdkuf/ tJ'Dawmh q,fESpftm;xkwfvnf; bmrS

rwufawmhbl;/ tESpf ESpfq,ftm;xkwfvnf; bmrS rwufawmhbl;/ ESpfawGom 'um? 'umrawG rsm;oGm;w,f/

orm"dawGom wdk;wufcsif wdk;wufvmr,f/ ynmydkif; r0ifawmhbl;/ 'Dawmh 0dyóemqdkwm wjcm; vm;?

ÓmPftvkyfvm;/ (ÓmPftvkyfygbk&m;)/ ynmtvkyf? ÓmPftvkyf/ 'Dawmh edAÁmefukd jrif&rSmu wjcm;eJYjrif&rSmvm;/

ÓmPfeJYjrif&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfeJYjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'DawmhrS 'DrSm avudkxkwfcsifwJhpdwf avudk oGif;csifwJhpdwfudk

a,m*DwdkY ½IaewJhtcgusawmh 0dyóemÓmPfawG wjznf;jznf; rwufbl;vm;/ (wufygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

vdk&if; ajym&&if tJ'Dvdk 0dyóemÓmPfudk yxrOD;qHk; tMuJjrifr,faygh/ aemuf wjznf;jznf; tEkpdwfjrifvmvdrfhr,f/

220


ESrf;tdk;xJrSm ESrf;awGxnfhwJhtcgrSm atmufu tylay;&if ajzmufajzmuf ajzmufajzmuf ajzmufajzmuf rawGU&

bl;vm;/

tJ'DOyrmvkd a,m*DwkdYrsufpdav;rSdwfNyD; qHzsm;uae ajczsm; bmudk yJ Munfhvdkuf Munfhvdkuf

½kyfemrfcE ¨mawG[m 'Dvdkudkjrifvm&vdrhfr,f/ tJ'D avmufxdatmifjrifwJh taMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;

udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;u a[mxm;wmyJ/ 'g- oufaocH taxmuftxm;av/ tm*r,kw å deJU/ 'Dvdk

vufawGUvkyfMunfhwJhtcgrSm emrfuka#wpfodef; csKyfaysmufw,fwJh/ jrefwmvm;/ (jrefwmygbk&m;)/ ½kyfuka#

wpfodef;ig;axmif jzpfysufw,f/ csKyfaysmufw,fqdkawmh ESrf;tdk;uif;xJrSm ESrf;awGxnfhNyD; tylay;wmeJU rwlbl;vm;/

(wlygw,f)/ tJ'Davmufxdatmifjrefqefwmudk jrwfpGm bk&m;u jrifawmfrlwm/

odkYaomf bkef;BuD;wdkY 'umrawGu 'gu a'oempOfa[mjywm/ A[kokw/ tJ'DvdkjrifzdkYvdkvm;/ (rvdkygbl;)/

tJ'Davmufxdvnf; rjrifEdkif bl;/ [dku oA ÁnKwÓmPft&mudk;/ tck bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawGu

udk,fhtwdkif;twmeJUudk,fqdkawmh wpfuGufjrif? wpfuGufjrifaemf/ wjznf;jznf; yxrawmh tMuJjrifaygh/

aemufwjznf;jznf; tEkpdwf rjrifbl;vm;/ (jrifygw,f)/ ÓmPfawG&ifhvmwJhtcgusawmh wpfcgwnf; qHzsm;uae

ajczsm;Munfhvdkuf cke ESrf;tkd;uif;rSm wajzmufajzmufajzmuf jrnfovdk ½kyfemrfawGjzpfvdkuf? ysufvdkufvdkY qdkwmrsdK;udk

ayghaemf/ tJ'Dvdk jrifvmNyDqdk&if rkef;ÓmPf0ifvmwmaygh/ bmÓmPf0ifvmvJ/ (rkef;ÓmPfyg bk&m;)/ a[m--

rkef;ÓmPf0ifvmw,fqdkawmh tJ'D½Iae&wmudk r½Icsif awmhbl;/ odkUaomf r½IcsifvdkYvnf; rjzpfbl;/ quf½I/

&Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ vrf;qHk;ra&mufao;bl;av/ tJ'Dawmh ---

vrf;qHk;ra&muf? vufrajrvrf;qHk;ra&muf? vufrajr

vrf;qHk;ra&muf? vufrajrvrf;qHk;ra&muf? vufrajr

vrf;qHk;ra&muf? vufrajr §§ §§ §mufmuf

mufmuf

muf

awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/

awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/

awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/

tJ'Dawmh em;&rSmvm;/ r&rcsif;yGm;&rSmvm;/ (r&rcsif;yGm;&rSm ygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh jrifae&ifvnf;

quf½I? rkef;aevnf;quf½I/ tJ'Dvdk ½IwJh tcgusawmh OyrmqdkMuygpdkU/ vlwpfa,mufudk cspf&if 'DrsufESmudk

aeUwdkif;MunfhrSmaygh/ rkef;ae&if Munfhyghrvm;/ (rMunfhygbl;)/ 'gu Oyrmaqmifa[mwmyg/ tJ'Dawmh ,ckvnf;yJ

jzpfysufay:rSm ½I&if; ½I&if;eJU 'um? 'umrawG rkef;ÓmPf0ifvma&m/ rkef;ÓmPfvnf;0ifvnf; 0ifvma&m jzpfysufudk

Munfhudk rMunfhawmhbl;/ tJ'DawmhrS jzpfysufqdkwJh 'ku©udk rMunfhcsifwJhtcgusawmh rjzpf rysufwmudk rjrif&bl;vm;/

(jrif&ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh rjzpfrysufwmonf wjcm;vm;/ edAÁmefvm;/ (edAÁmefygbk&m;)/ jzpfysufawGudk jrifaewmu

½kyfemrf jzpfysufudk jrifaewmu ½kyfemrf/ rjzpfrysufwmu edAÁmefqdkawmh edAÁmefudk wpfcsufjrifNyDqdk&if a[m'D

0dyóem tvkyfonf udavomNidrf;oGm;wJh tvkyfjzpfoGm;NyD/

(5)(5)

(5)(5)

(5)

orxqdkwm Nidrf½H kyJNidrfw,f/ 0dyóemu Nidr;fygw,f/orxqdkwm Nidrf½H kyJNidrfw,f/ 0dyóemu Nidr;fygw,f/

orxqdkwm Nidrf½H kyJNidrfw,f/ 0dyóemu Nidr;fygw,f/orxqdkwm Nidrf½H kyJNidrfw,f/ 0dyóemu Nidr;fygw,f/

orxqdkwm Nidrf½H kyJNidrfw,f/ 0dyóemu Nidr;fygw,f/

tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwdkY 0dyóem u ½kyfemrfudk½INyDqdkuwnf;u a[m'Dw&m;cGifu xoGm;uwnf;u

Nidrf;aewmyJaemf/ Nidrf;atmif tm;rxkwf&bl;vm;/ Nidrf;oGm;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh 0dyóemqdkwJh ur®|mef;onf wjcm;vm;?

udavomNidrf;wmvm;/ (udavomNidrf;wmygbk&m;)/ orxur®|mef;u wjcm;vm;? udavom Nidrfwmvm;/

(udavom Nidrfwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh orxu Nidrf½Hkwif Nidrfw,f/ 0dyóemuNidrf;w,f/

'Dawmh bkef;BuD; 'Dae&mrSm orx0dyóem a[mwJhtcgrSm pHkpHk aphaphav;a[mcsifw,f/ 'DaeUawmh

tcsdefr&bl;aemf/ aemufaeUusrSom vQif tqifajyovdk a,m*DwdkYudk qufNyD;awmh a[may;OD;r,faemf/ ckawmh

avmavmq,f 'DavmufeJYyJ &yfNyD;awmh orxeJU 0dyóem rwlnDwJh t*Fg&yfav;udk rdrd&JU cE ¨meJU

wdkufMunfhvdkufvdkY&Sd&if igbmvdkao;vJqdkwm a,m*DwdkY ay:vmvdrfhr,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dvdkay:vm&if 'Dwdkif;

rajymif;& bl;vm;/ (ajymif;&ygw,f)/ tJ'Dtwdkif; ajymif;&if wpfcPav; 'dkif; 'dkif; 'dkif;eJU a,m*DwdkY

wufoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

uJ tm;vHk; qkawmif;arw åmydkYNyD; em;vdkufMu&atmif/



( om"k -- om"k -- om"k )

221








aus;Zl;qyfjcif;aus;Zl;qyfjcif;aus;Zl;qyfjcif;aus;Zl;qyfjcif;aus;Zl;qyfjcif;



pcef;yGJ\ 'DaeU[m aemufqHk; aeUygyJ [kwfvm;/ (rSefvSyg) aemufqHk;aeU eHeufw&m;yGJayghaemf/

eHeufw&m;yGJqdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY aMunmxm;onfhtwdkif; oifwef;yGJayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg) oifwef;yGJqdkawmh

a,m*Drsm;udk cEm? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpöorkyÜg'f tp&SdwJh 0dyóem tusifhjrwf rsm;udk usifhMuHyGm;rsm;

tm;xkwfwJhtcgrSm odoif h odxdkuf odtyfwJ h w&m;awGudk a&G;cs,fNyD;awmh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

nTefMum;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; rSwfom;rdorQ oifay;&wJh a[may;&wJh w&m;yGJjzpfygw,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeU aemufqHk;aeUjzpfawmh tjrJwrf;yJ 'D 10-&uf pcef;yGJqdk&if bkef;BuD; *½kpdkufNyD;awmh

aus;Zl;jyKwJh w&m;wpfyk'f&Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dw&m;uawmh a,m*DwdkY\ rSwfwdkifw&m;ygyJaemf/ 'gudk 0dok'¨ dw&m;

vdkYvnf;ac:ygw,f/ rSwfwdkifw&m;vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh vlwdkif; vlwdkif;[m rdrd&JU twdkif;twm

b,favmuf&SdaeNyD? ,aeU tm;xkwfwJh twdkif;twm igb,favmufa&mufaeNyD/ b,favmuf vdkao;w,f/ vl

wp fa,mu f j zp fvmw J h tc gu sawm h r d r d & J U ,ae U"r ®vr f ; a Mumi f ;[m b,fa&mu fae Ny D /

b,favmufvdkao;w,fqdkwmav;awGudk odatmif b,frSwfwdkifa&mufaeNyD? b,frSwfwdkif b,favmuf

vdkao;w,fqdkwJh vrf;pOftwdkif;udk a[mazmfnTefMum;wJh w&m;awmfjzpf ygw,faemf/(rSefvSyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gudk

0dok'¨ dw&m;vdkYvnf;yJ ac:ygw,f/ &x0deDwokwåef vdkYvnf;yJ ac:ygw,f/

&x0deDwokwåefqdkwm ygVdvdk ajymwmyg/ jrefrmvdkjyefawmh &x qdkwm &xm;vdkY ajymwmaygh-- [kwfvm;/

jrefrmvdkqdkawmh bmwJhvJ/ (&xm;)/ 'g a,m*Da[mif;awGuawmh w&m;yGJNyD;wdkif;NyD;wdkif; bkef;BuD; 10-&ufpcef;yGJqdk&if

'D&xm;w&m;a[may;avhay;x&Sdw,f/ 7-&uf qdk&ifawmh 'D&xm;w&m;a[mzdkY tcsdefr&vdkYudk ra[m&bl;/ aemufNyD;

awmhvnf; 7-&ufw&m;pcef;qdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY vdyfywfrvnfwm vnf;ygawmh &xm;w&m; ra[mrdwm

rsm;ygw,f/

10-&ufpcef; pcef;yGJwdkif;rSmqdk&if 0gwGif; 3-pcef; qdkvnf; 3-pcef; &x0deDwokwfudk

a[mjzpfatmif a[mw,f/ aemuf aqmif; wGif;pcef;awGqdkvnf; a[mjzpfatmif a[mw,f/ [dkbuf oBuFef

pcef; awGusawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*Drsm;wJhtcgusawmh ESpfokkwfcGJypf&w,f/ 15-&ufudk a&SU 7-&uf?

tJ'DvdkcGJvdkufwJhtcgusawmh a,m*Du tJ'g awmifrSyJ wpfaxmifh av;ig;&mavmufjzpfaew,f/ NyD;cJhwJh oBuFefpcef;

qdk oBuFef ruscif wpfpcef;qdk a,m*D 700-eD;yg;avmuf&Sdw,f/ aemuf pcef;qdk1200-udkrausmfbl;/ 1100-

eD;yg;avmuf&Sdw,f/ tJ'D avmufawmif a,m*DawGrsm;awmh enf;enf;awmh uoDygw,f/ okdUaomfvnf;yJ jrifzl;

Mum;zl;av;jzpfoGm;atmif qkdwJhtwkdif;twmeJU bkef;BuD;wkdUvnf; onf;cH NyD;awmh tqif;&Jtyifyef;cHNyD;awmh

'Dvkdaqmif&Gufay;wmyg/ 'um? 'umrawG&JUtusdK;ukd MunfhNyD;aqmif&Guf&ygw,f/ okdUaomf bmjzpfvkdU

vkyfae&wmvJqkdawmh tm;vkH; 'um? 'umrawGay:rSm 'g- aus;Zl;qyf aewmyg/ (rSefvSyg)/

bmjzpfvkdU bkef;BuD; 'Dpum;ajym&wmvJqkdawmh 'DaeU &[ef; oHCmawG omoemrSm&yfwnfaewm

0efxrf;b0vnf;r[kwfbl;aemf/ ukefoG,fv,fvkyfvnf; r&Sdygbl;/ avmutaeeJUajym&if bmrSpD;yGm;a&;? BuD;yGm;a&;

r&SdwJhb0eJU aeMu&wmyg/ odkYaomf tJ'Dvkdaeawmh pm;a&;? aea&;? 0wfa&; r&SdvkdU rjzpfbl;/ tJ'Dpm;a&;? aea&;?

222


0wfa&;awG 'D'um? 'umrawGuyJ 'D'um?'umrawGvSLwJhqGrf;ukdpm;? 'um? 'umrawG vSLwJhouFef;0wf?

'D'um? 'umrawG vSL'gef;wJhaq;ukdokH;NyD; awmh bkef;BuD; ,aeUtouf&Sifaewmyg/ 'g - opömpum;ajymwmaemf/

(rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvkd qGrf;&SifawG? ypönf;av;yg; apwem&SifawG &JU aus;Zl;w&m;awG[m bkef;BuD;wkdUrSm

trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ tJ'D aus;Zl; w&m;awGukd wkefUjyefzkdUqkdawmh bmrSvnf;vkyfay;vkdUr&bl;/ vkyfay;p&m

vnf;r&Sdbl;ayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh - 'um? 'umrawGukd bkef;BuD;rsm; aus;Zl; qyfEkdifwmu arwåmukdt&if;cHNyD;awmh

opömodatmifvkyfay;wmygyJ/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wkdYopömw&m;awGukd BudK;pm;NyD;awmh a[may;w,f/

w&m;awGukd tm;xkwfatmif wkdufwGef;w,f/ ematmif wkdufwGef;w,f/ 'g - bkef;BuD;wkdUu aus;Zl;qyfaewmyg/

wjcm;bmrS vkyfray;Ekdifbl;aemf/

at; - tckvkd pcef;yGJawGtm;wJhtcgrSm jrwfpGmbk&m; av;oacFseJU urÇmwpfodef;usifhBuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfNyD;

oA ÁnKwÓmPfeJUa[mwJh avmuD udpövnf;jzpf? avmukw å&mvnf;OD;wnfwJh y&dwf&Gwfwmayghavaemf/

bkef;BuD;wkdUausmif;wkduf&Sd oHCmawmfawGuawmh y&dwfuawmh em;&wJh &ufvkdUukd r&Sdygbl;/ reuf&,f? aeUcif;&,f?

n&,f/ wpfcgwpfav wpfaeU 4-yGJ? 5-yGJ tJ'Dvkd avQmufNyD;awmhukd &Gwf&wmyJ? &efukefNrdKUwif r[kwfbl;/

wpfjynfvkH; tJ'Dvkdukd vkdufNyD; &Gwfae&wm &Sdw,f/ tJ'guawmh ukokdvfawmh&ygw,f/ ypöKyÜeftaeeJUawmh

tEÅ&m,fuif;ayghaemf/ okdYaomf edA Ámefa&mufwJhw&m;awmh r[kwfbl;/ taxmuftyHh&ygw,f/

tJ'Dvkd oHCmawmfrsm;u arwåmw&m;eJU avmuDrSmvnf;yJ tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfatmif avmukwå&mrSmvnf;yJ

aemufqkH; r*fÓmPf zkdvfÓmPf wufvSrf;EkdifatmifvkdU avScg;xpftaeeJU bkef;BuD;rsm;vnf;yJ arwåmukd a&SU½INyD;awmh

y&dwfw&m;awGukd &GwfvkdU/ a[m - ,ckvkd pcef;&ufrsdK;awGrSm 'um? 'umrawG&JU tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD;

edAÁmefukd0ifEkdifwJh 'Dw&m;awGukd rwkdufwGef;&bl;vm;/ (wkdufwGef;&ygw,f bk&m;)/ bkef;BuD;wdkUvnf; BudK; pm;NyD;awmh

ukd,fwkdifvnf;yJ emw,f/ ukd,fwkdifvnf;yJ tm;xkwfygw,f/ ESpfaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm tm;xkwfvmcJhwm tckvnf;yJ

tm;xkwfvsufaygh/ tJ'Dvkd tm;xkwfvsufwef;vef;eJUyJ aMomf - ckeuajymcJ hovkd 'um? 'umr

awG&JUaus;Zl;w&m;awGukd wkefYjyefzkdU qkdawmh 'Dw&m;tvkyfuvGJvkdU wjcm;r&Sdygbl;/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'guvnf;

jrwfpGmbk&m; tmeE´mukd rdefYawmfrlwJh Mo0g'a'oemawmftwkdif; jzpfygw,f-[kwfvm;/

]]udk,fhaus;Zl;&SdwJhyk*¾dKvfawGukd aus;Zl;qyfcsif&if tmeE´m? bmrS vkyfay;raeeJUuGm/ opömodatmifom

vkyfay;}} 'Dvkdr[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh ukd,fukd,fwkdif opömra[mEkdif&if a[mwwfwJhq&mqD a&mufatmifykdUay;/

tm;xkwfwJhae&m a&mufatmifykdUay;/ tJ'g[m tBuD;rm;qkH; aus;Zl;qyfjcif; yJvkdU jrwfpGmbk&m;u &SiftmeE´mukd

rdefYawmfrlcJhwJha'oempOf taxmuf txm;&Sdygw,faemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/

tJ'D&JUxkH;enf;ukd,lí ,aeY tm;vkH;aom a,m*Drsm;ukd bkef;BuD; oHCmawmfrsm;u aus;Zl;qyfaomtm;jzifh

'Dpcef;yGJBuD;awGukd ,ckvkd tyifyef;cHNyD;awmh aqmif&Gufwmayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh pcef;yGJwpfyGJ wpfyGJ jzpfzkdUqkdwmu

vG,fyghrvm;/ (rvG,fygbl; bk&m;)/ 'Dausmif;wkduf&Sd oHCmawG[m pcef;yGJNyD;&if a,m*DwkdUtjriftawGUygyJ/

aq;ukdxkd;,l&w,f/ tJ'Davmufxdatmif um,tm;? ÓmPtm;ukd 'Dvkdpkduf&jcif; jzpfygw,f aemf/ tJ'guvnf;yJ

bmjzpfvkdU 'Dvkdukd,fawmfawG 'Davmuf pkpka0;a0; nDnDnmnm wufwuf<u<ueJU 'um? 'umrawGukd

aqmif&Gufay;aewm cke ajymovkd aus;Zl;qyfwJhoabmygyJ/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'g bkef;BuD; wpfOD;wpfa,muf

wpfyg;aumif;eJU rjzpfbl;aemf/ tm;vkH; pkaygif;NyD;awmh ausmif;&SdwJh oHCmawG? oDv&SifawG? 'DMum;xJ a0,sm0pöawG

qkdwmvnf; wpfOD;wnf; rwwfEkdifbl;/ tvJtvS,feJU vkyf&wmyJaemf/

t"dutm;jzifh 'um? 'umrawG ,aeU'Dw&m;yGJBuD;ukd qif,if usif;yEkdifwmvnf; qGrf;'um?

qGrf;'umrawGukd bkef;BuD;wkdUtrsm;BuD; aus;Zl;wifw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkd&if ,aeUacwfumvtcsdeftcgeJU ,ck

223


qGrf;wpf&ufpmqkdwmrS tenf;av; wpfodef;cGJukd rokH;bJeJU qGrf;wpf&uf 'DrSmauR;vkdUr&bl;aemf/ tJ'Davmufukd

aeYpOfaeUwkdif; 'um? 'umrawG&JU o'¨gw&m;eJU t½kPfqGrf;uyf? aeUqGrf;uyfeJU tm;r&EkdifvkkdU 'DMum;xJ

tcsdKyGJuwpfrsdK;? naetat;uwpfrsdK;eJU 'um? 'umrawG&JUapwemo'g w&m;awGukd bkef;BuD;wkdUMunhfNyD;awmhukd

yDwdawGjzpfvkdUrqkH;bl;ayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ aMomf - omoemukd MunfñkdMuwJh 'um? 'umrawG/ tJ'Dawmh

olwdkUtwGufukd,fuae a&SUwef;uae t"duxm;aqmif&Gufay;zkdUu enf;rSef vrf;rSef t,lrSefzkdU ta&;BuD;wm/

(rSefvSygbk&m;)/ aiGukefNyD;awmh vlyef; tyifyef;cHNyD;awmh wu,faqmif&Gufay;awmh enf;rSm; vrf;rSm;eJU qkd

jzpfyghrvm;/ (rjzpfygbl; bk&m;)/ at; - tJ'g bkef;BuD;wkdUu wm0ef &Sdygw,f/

todwpfcsuf wpfoufpm

wm0ef&Sdonfhtm;avsmfpGm bkef;BuD; ÓmPfrDoavmuf 'um? 'umr awGukd aus;Zl;jyKw,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh

tck ed,wrdpäm'd|djzKwfcef;awGukd vnf; BudK;pm;NyD;awmh bkef;BuD;wkdUa[may;w,f/ 'gawGuvnf;yJ rsufpd eJUtjrif

em;eJUtMum; ukd,fawGUqkdovkd jrifawGUaeawmhvnf; aMomf - tm;vkH;aom Ak'bmom0iftrnfcHaewJh yk*¾dKvfawG

'g rodvkdU jzpfaeMu wm/ ,ckvkdBuHKwJhtcgrSm oifwef;eJUwuG bkef;BuD;wkdU BudK;pm;NyD;a[m ay;vkdU&oGm;wmaygh/

omreft&yfxJrSmqkd&if bkef;BuD;wkdU 'Dpum;rwkd; bl;/ tckawmh oifwef;usawmh pepfwusav; bkef;BuD;wkdUvnf;

ajymcGifh &wJhtwGuf 0rf;omvkdUrqkH;ygbl;/

tJ'Dawmh 'Dtodav;wpfodukd odoGm;&if wpfoufpmtwGuf zlvkHwmyg a,m*DwkdU/ tJ'Dawmh odNyD;&if

wjcm;vkyf&rSmvm;? usifh&rSm vm;/ (usihf&rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh odwm&,f? usifhwm&,fayghaemf/ odwmuawmh

odatmif ajymay;zkdUuawmh oHCmawmfrsm;? q&morm; awG&JU wm0ef odNyD;wJhtodukd 'um? 'umrawGu

usihfzkdU ta&;rBuD;bl; vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f)/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU -

]]Aka'¨g ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}]]Aka'¨g ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]Aka'¨g ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}]]Aka'¨g ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]Aka'¨g ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]oHaCm ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}]]oHaCm ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]oHaCm ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}]]oHaCm ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

]]oHaCm ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}

qkdwJh &wem 3-yg;uvGJNyD;&if tm;ukd;p&m &Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl; bk&m;)/ 'gav;ukd vufukdifxm;yg/ tckbkef;BuD;wkdU

&Gwfaewmonfyif ukokdvf r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gav;&Gwfae/ vrf;oGm;vkdU&Gwfae tEÅ&m,f uif;w,f/

okdUaomf edAÁmefawmh r&ygbl;/ bmjzpfvkdYvJqkdawmh &Gwfaewm [m vdfrf;aq;ukd;As/ bkef;BuD;wkdU q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

rdefUoGm;w,f/ tif; - 'um? 'umrawG cifAsm;wkdUu &Gwf&Gwfaewm? t&Gwfukd awmfawmf tm;oefw,fwJh/

avmuOyrmeJUajym&if tom;eJUt&Gwf&,fvkdU r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ t&Gwfpm;vkdU b,fawmhrS r0çbl;wJh/

0çcsif&if bmpm; &rvJ/ (tom;pm;&ygr,f)/ tom;pm;ygwJh/ tJ'gu &GwfwmeJU tcsdefukef wJh yk*¾dKvfawGu

t&GwfyJpm;w,f/ r0çbl;/ ,aeU a,m*DwkdUu ½Gwf½kHwif r[kwfbl;/ wpfu,fvnf; tm;rxkwfbl;vm;/ wpfcgwnf;ukd

acR;eJU oHeJU qkdovkd [kwfvm;/ wpfcgwnf;rSukd aovkajrmyg; rcsdrqHUYukd cEmukd,ft&if;pkdufNyD; aoaoausaus

qkdwJhpdwfeJU 'Dvkdxm;NyD vkHUv0D&d, ukd wifNyD; tm;xkwfwm[m? 'g - tom;pm;wmvkdU ac:ygw,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

pum;vkH;av;wpfvkH; owd&vkdU ajymyg&apOD;/ enf;enf;em;BuD; BuD; em;axmifyg/ &Gwfwmukd bkef;BuD;wkdU

ruefUuGufbl;aemf/ bkef;BuD;wkdU ukd,fwkdif ,ck 'Dw&m;pcef;yGJNyD;&if naeupNyD; bkef;BuD;rtm;awmhbl;/ reufjzefqkd&if

2-csufwD;upNyD; bkef;BuD;rtm;awmhbl;/ 2-csufwD;ukd wpfyGJ&Sdw,f/ nae wpfyGJ&Sdw,f/ 'g - tjyifxGuf&NyD/

tJ'Dawmh awmufavQmuf aeUpOfrtm;awmhbl;/ y&dwf&Gwfzwfay;wJhyGJawGayghaemf/ t&Gwfukd bkef;BuD;wkdUu 'um?

'umrawGukd cke edAÁmefukda&mufzkdUtwGuf avScg;xpfygvkdU rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,f bk&m;)/ edAÁmefukd wkduf½kduf

a&mufEkdifwJhw&m; [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl; bk&m;)/ &Gwfwm zwfwm[m "r®mEkówd ayghaemf - [kwfvm;/

"r®mEkówd[m orx/ bmwJhvJ/ (orxygbk&m;)/ arwåmykdUaewmvnf; orx? y&dwf&Gwfaewmvnf;yJ orx?

224


y|mef;awG&Gwfaewmvnf; orx/ okdUaomf orxqkdwm psmef ukokdvf &zkdUaemf/ bmukodkvfygvdrhf/

(psmefukokdvfygbk&m;)/ tJ'D psmefukokdfvf onf uHukokdvfxuf ykdNyD;awmh tm;r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ 'ge

oDvu uHukokdvfaemf/ cke &Gwfwm zwfwmawG ,cktm;xkwfwmawGu psmefukokdvf&zkdU/ ,ck a,m*DwkdYu

rsufpdav;rSdwfNyD;awmh rsufpdyJrSdwfrSdwf? rsufpdyJzGifhzGifh trlt&mwkdif;? trlt&mwkdif;ukdMunhf&if cEmay:wmawG

oifNyD;NyD/ ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfh 0dyóem t½IcHcEmawG ay:wm oifNyD;ygNyD/ (rSefvSyg)/ okdUaomf rjynfhpkHbl;aemf/

oifNyD;NyDomajymwm rjynhfpkHygbl;/

jrifwkdif; jrifwkdif; wjcm;ay:wmvm;? cEmay:wmvm;/ (cEmay: wmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D cEmay:wmav;ukd

ÓmPfav;eJUonf;cHNyD; apmifhMunhf vkdufwJhtcgusawmh ay:wJhcEmu ay:wJhae&mrSm 'um? 'umrawG rcsKyf

aysmufbl;vm;/ (csKyfaysmufygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dae&mwifay:? 'Dae&mwifaysmufwmyJ/ aumif;uifrSm

rkd;rsm;Ncdrf;ovkdaygh/ 'kdif;qkd Ncdrf; vkdufwJh vQyfwjyufonf 'Dae&mwifay:NyD;awmh bmjzpfvJ/ (aysmufoGm; ygw,fbk&m;)/

'Dae&mwifay:NyD;awmh 'Dae&mwifaysmufoGm;ovkd? a[m - 'DuaeY bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawGu rsufpd?

em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ukd,f? pdwf? tm½kHeJU 'Gg& a[m'D 6-rsdK;uae ay:orQonf yk*¾dKvf owå0gawG ay:aewmvm;/

cEmawG ay:aewmvm;/ (cEmawGay:aewmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D cEmawG ay:wmonf 'Dae&mrSmay: 'Dae&mrSmysufoGm;wm

tJ'gav;ukd apmifhNyD; awmh Munhfvkduf&if wjcm;eJUMunhfwmvm;/ ÓmPfeJUMunhfwmvm;/ 'Dvkd jzif h

'Da,m*DÓmPfukokdvf&oGm;NyD/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'Dvkd ÓmPfukokdvfav; wpfcsufuav;&oGm;wm b,favmufxd

aus;Zl;rsm;ovJqkd&if -

a,m p 0óowH ZDa0? tyóH O',AÁ,H/

{um[H ZD0dwH aoa,sm? yóawm O',AÁ,H/

("r®y'*gxm - 113)

tjzpftysufudkr½IrjrifbJ tESpfwpf&m umvywfvHk; touf&Snf um ae&jcif;xuf tjzpftysufudk

&IjrifwJh yk*¾dKvfwpf&ufwmrQ touf &Sif&jcif;u omíjrwfygw,fvdkU "r®y'rSm bk&m;&Sifwkduf½kduf a[mwmyg/

(rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh ,aeU a,m*DwkdUu onf;cHNyD;awmh OmPfeJUapmifhMunhf vkdufwJhtcgrSm jrifwJh½kyfemrf? Mum;wJh½kyfemrf?

pm;wJh½kyfemrf? 0wfwJh½kyfemrf? MuHpnfwJh½kyfemrf? tkd - rsufawmifuav; wpfcg wpfcgcwf aewJh½kyfemrf? tJ'D

acG;ra[mifwJh ½kyfemrfav;onf ay:NyD;awmh csKyfoGm;wmyJvkdU aoao csmcsm apmihfMunhf rjrif&bl;vm;/ (jrif&ygw,f

bk&m;)/ 'Dawmh olrsm;yg;pyf zsm; vrf;rqkH;ygeJUaemf/ ukd,fwkdifukd,fus apmifhMunhf&if ukd,fwkdifukd,fus rjrifEkdifbl;vm;/

(jrifEkdifygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dvkd wpfuGufuav;? wpfcsuf uav; jrifvkdufwJhukokdvfonf 0dyóemukokdvfvkdU

ac:ygw,f/ 'Dawmh uHukokdvf? psmefukokdvfxuf 0dyóemqkdwJh ÓmPfukokdvfonf tjrifhqkH; tjrwfqkH; jzpfygw,f/

yg;pyfxJromcswm jrifatmifMunfhyg;pyfxJromcswm jrifatmifMunfhyg;pyfxJromcswm jrifatmifMunfhyg;pyfxJromcswm jrifatmifMunfhyg;pyfxJromcswm jrifatmifMunfh

tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*DwkdUukd oifwef;pNyD;awmhoifuwnf; u ÓmPfb,fESpfrsdK; oifvmwmvJ/

(5-rsdK;yg bk&m;)/ ÓmPf 5-rsdK;aemf/ ÓmPf 5-rsdK;u bmawGvJ/ ed*kH;csKyf&atmif -

(1) ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓPf

(2) emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPf

(3) ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf

(4) vu©PÓPf

(5) r*fÓPf

225


ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓPfu 'geukdjyKwwfatmif? oDvaqmuf wnfwwfatmif 'um? 'umrawGukd

oifay;aewm/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if 'gejyKvkdU&S d&if 'DvkdtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;w,fqdkawmh 'D'geudk BudK;pm;NyD;jyKyg/

jrwfpGmbk7m;tavmif; od0drif;BuD;jzpfwJhtcgusawmh vSLcsifvGef;vdkY tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf arQmf&wm/ aemufqHk;awmh

[dkuae tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfvnf; vmvnf;vma&m? ig'DaeU rsufvHk;vSLcsifw,fqdkawmh rsufvHk;vmtvSLcH awmh

rsufvHk;udk'DvdkudkazmufNyD;awmh vSLvdkufwm/ 'Dvdkjzifh 'getusdK;udk rodvdkUvm;? odvdkUvSLwmvm;/ (odvdkU

vSLwmygbk&m;)/

'gaMumifh igbk&m;onf tavmif;awmf b0uaeNyD;awmh vSLcJhwJh Opömudk usefcJhwJhypönf;ypö,

vSLwmtomxm;/ rsufvHk;vSLwmawmif Mu,fxufrsm;w,fwJh/ 'Davmufxd 'geeJU ywfoufNyD;awmhayghaemf/

tJ'Dawmh qdkvdkwmu bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; tavmif;awmfb0uwnf; uudk 'geudk tm;ray;bl;vm;/

(tm;ay;ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'geaMumifh yv’ifatmifcef; atmifvmwmudk;/ atmifjcif; 8-yg;ygaemf/ rm&fewf atmifcef;rSm

'geeJU atmifw,fvdkY pmayrSm 'Dvdkvmygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh tJ'Dvdk 'getaMumif; oDvtaMumif;awGudk

tm;udk;zdkYtwGuf ajymaewm ayghaemf/

'geudk oDvudk tm;rudk;vdkY&Sd&if ckeajymovdk ewftm;udk;vdk tm;udk;? 'DaeUacwfpm;aewJh bdk;awmf

r,fawmf tm;udk;vdktm;udk;? r[kwfu[kwfu tm;udk;awmh ed,wrdpäm'd|d rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/

ed,wrdpäm'd|djzpf&if tyg,fudkusrSm/ bmjzpfvJ/ (tyg,fudkusrSmygbk&m;)/ 'Db0rSmvnf; r*fwm; zdkvfwm;jzpf?

aoawmhvnf; tyg,fus/ tyg,fus awmh emvdkufwJhjzpfjcif;? 'um? 'umrawG/ tJ'Dvdkrjzpfatmif ,aeU

eHygwfwpf ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfudk roif&bl;vm;/ (oif&ygw,f)/ odkYaomf ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓmPfudk

em;vnfwJhtcgusawmh 'gejyK wwfoGm;w,f/ oDvaqmufwnfwwfoGm;w,f/ odkYaomf edA Ámefawmh a0;ygao;

w,f/ tJ'Dawmh edAÁmefudkeD;atmif wpfqifh wpfcg wuf&r,f ayghaemf [kwfvm;/

wpfqifhwufwJhtcgusawmh 0dygu0#f ½kyfemrfudkodatmif y#dpö orkyÜg'f roif&bl;vm;/ (oif&ygw,fbk&m;)/

y#dpöorkyÜg'f ½kyfemrfudk "mwf 18-yg; roif&bl;vm;/ (oif&ygw,f)/ rsufpdrSm tm½HkeJU 'Gg&wdkuf wJhtcg

jrifpdwfay:w,f/ jrifpdwf wpfpdwfay:wdkif; ay:wdkif; cE ¨m 5-yg;? cE ¨m 5-yg; qdkwmudk ÓmPfxJrSm

jrifatmif'DrSmoifay;&wm/ tJ'D awmhrS tEkaAm"ÓmPfqdkwJh q&mÓmPfudkrSDNyD;awmh odvnf;odvdkufa&m y#da0"

ÓmPfeJU udk,fwdkifjrifatmif tm;xkwf&wm/ aMomf- [kwfwmaygh? jrifwm vnf; jrifwJhcEm 5-yg;u jrifNyD;awmh

bmjzpfvJ/ (ysufoGm;wm ygbk&m;)/ ysufoGm;wmyJ/ cE¨m 5-yg;vdkY jrifvdkufNyD qdkuwnf;u 'kwd, t0dZÆm

wpfzHk;uGmoGm;wmaygh/ emr½ly y&dapä'ÓmPfav/ (rSefvSyg)/

cEm 5-yg;vdkY ajymaomfvnf;yJ wjcm;vm;? ½kyfeJUemrfvm;/ (½kyf eJUemrfygbk&m;)/ ½kyfeJUemrfudkodvdkufNyDqdk&ifyJ

'kwd,t0dZÆmtzHk; ruGm bl;vm;/ (uGmygw,fbk&m;)/ emr½lyy&dapä'ÓmPfayghaemf? [kwfvm;/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if

jrif&if bmay:rvJ/ (½kyfemrf)/ Mum;&if bmay:rvJ/ (½kyfemrf)/ Mum;wJh½kyfemrf? jrifwJh ½kyfemrf/ pm;awmhvnf;

pm;wJh½kyfemrf/ tck a,m*DwdkY yg;pyfxJudk qGrf;vkyfuav; xnfhvdkuf&if r0g;bl;vm;/ (0g;ygw,fbk&m;)/ wpfcsuf0g;&if

cE¨mb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;)/ aemufwpfcsuf 0g;awmh cEmb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;)/ tJ'D cE¨m 5-yg;u acG;ra[mifwJh

cE¨m 5-yg; aemf/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if orkwd taeeJUajym&if bkef;BuD;tck w&m; a[maewm cE ¨mb,fESpfyg;eJUa[m/ (5-

yg;eJUygbk&m;)/ 'D cEm5-yg;u ao&ifacgif; xJoGif;&if wpfavmif;usw,faygh/ (rSefvSyg)/

tck a,m*DwdkY wpfcsufuav; 0g;vdkufawmh cE ¨mb,fESpfyg;vJ/ (5-yg;)/ 'gvJ wpfavmif;usoGm;wmyJ/

odkYaomf tavmif;awmif rusef vdkY/ &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY oifwef;q&mrsm;u bmrdefUovJvdkY qdk&if

wu,fawmh yg;pyfxJ romcswmjrifatmif MunfhwJh/ odyfav;euf w,faemf/ yg;pyfxJromcswm

jrifatmifMunfhqdkawmh wu,fawmh jzpfysufudk ajymwmyg/ bmudkajymwmvJ/ (jzpfysufudk ajymwmygbk&m;)/

226


tJ'Dawmh wpfcsuf0g;vd kufvd k Yod&if cE ¨mb,fESp fyg;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ wpfavmif;usoGm;wmayg h/

aemufwpfcsuf0g;vdkufwmu cEmb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;)/ aemufwpfavmif;usoGm;wmaygh/ aemufwpfcsuf 0g;vdkufawmh

cEm b,fESpfyg; (5-yg;)/ tJ'Dbk&m;tp&SdwJh t&d,molawmfaumif;BuD; awGu 'gudkjrifNyD;awmh bkOf;ay;oHk;aqmifwm/

tJ'Dawmh oHk;aqmifae&if;udk wjcm;udk aus;Zl;jyKwmvm;? edAÁmef udk aus;Zl;jyKwmvm;/ (edA Ámefudk

aus;Zl;jyKwmygbk&m;)/ r*fÓmPfonf edAÁmefudk aus;Zl;jyKrSmudk;/ tJ'Dawmh r*fÓmPfonf edAÁmefudkaus;Zl;jyKawmh

'Dyk*¾dKvf0g;aewm r*feJY0g;aewm/ r*¾if 5-yg;eJY0g;aewm/ bmeJU0g;aewmvJ/ (r*¾if 5-yg;eJU0g;aewmyg bk&m;)/

tJ'Dvdk r½IrSwfwJhyk*¾dKvfu udavomeJU0g; wm/ udavomeJU 0g;wmu tyg,foGm;zdkY/ r*¾ifeJU0g;wmu edAÁmefoGm;zdkY/

tJ'Dawmh 'um? 'umrawG pm;wJhtcgrSmvnf; pm;wwfvdkY&Sd&if edAÁmefxd atmif &w,f/ rpm;wwf? r0g;wwfvdkY&Sd&if

b,fa&mufrvJ/ (tyg,fa&muf rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifh ,aeU y#dpöorkyÜg'foifwef;onf aewwf pm;wwfatmif

oif&jcif;jzpfw,f/ 'gav;odwJhtcgusawmh tif;- [kwfNyD wdkUwpfoufvHk;u 'um? 'umrawG pm;aewm

wpfcgrSvnf; rrSwfbl;/ tck a,m*DwdkY &dyfom0ifwJhtcg pm;wJhtcg rSwfaumrSwf&JUvm;/ (rSwfygw,f bk&m;)/

at;av - rrSwfvnf;rjzpfbl;/ bkef;BuD;u wwGwfwGwfajym aewmudk;As/ pm;ae&if; wwGwfwGwfajymaewm/

tJ'Dvdk tajymaumif;vkdY wpfcg a,m*D wpfa,mufuaeNyD; ajymzl;w,f/ a,m*D wuúodkvfausmif;ol wpfa,muf

u bkef;BuD;u olUausmif;vmwm aumif;aumif;rauR;bl;wJh - a[m/ vkyfyHku/ 'geJU r[kwfao;bl;/ w&m;yGJNyD;rS

tdrfyifhqGrf;uyfvdkufOD; r,fwJh/ 'DrSmawmh r½IrSwfbJpm;&if t0dZÆmeJUpm;&ifbmjzpfr,f/ wd&pämefjzpfrSm/ 'g-

bkef;BuD;a[mwmvm;? bk&m;a[mwmvm;/ (bk&m;a[m wmygbk&m;)/ bkef;BuD;pum;vHk; wpfvHk;rSrygbl;aemf/

avmbeJU pm;&if bmjzpfrvJ/ (Nydwåm)/ 'DuaeU pm;aumif;vdkuf wmuGm qdk&if Nydw åmjzpfrSmyJ/ &Sif;aum

&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ pm; aumif;w,fqdk&if bmpmpm;w,fac:rvJ/ (Nydw åmpm; pm;ygw,fbk&m;)/ Nydwåmpm;

pm;w,fqdkawmh NydwåmjzpfawmhrSm/ r½IbJeJU pm;wmudk;/ [m-'DaeUjzifh pm;raumif;bl;/ b,fvdkcsufxm;rSef;rodbl;/

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qkdwm/ 'Dpum;vkH; olajymoGm;wm/ tck a,m*D wkdUukd aumif;aumif;udkauR;vkdU renf;ukd avQmh ae&w,faemf/

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cifAsm;wkdU aygifcsdefçcsdefxm; rSaemf/ &dyfom0ifwJhtcsdefeJU jyefr,fhtcsdefeJU aygifcsdefawmh avsmhzkdUawmh r&Sdbl;/

wkd;zkdUyJ &Sdw,fvkdU/ 'Davmuf t[m&uvnf; jynhfjynhfpkHpkH &Sdwm aygh [kwfvm;/

tJ'Dawmh qkdvkdwmu wpfcsuf0g;wkdif; 0g;wkdif;rSm cEmu b,fESpf yg;vJ/ (5-yg;)/ tJ'Dvkd 5-yg;ay;wmukd

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pm;&w,f/ tdrfa&muf awmh 'Dvkdrvkdbl;vkdU xifaer,f}}wJh/ enf;wJh u½kPmr[kwfbl; aemf/ oufawmf&Snf

q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; rdefUoGm;wm/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&mawmfbk&m;? owday;ygr,fvkdUaemf/ tJ'Dawmh

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'umrawG/ &Sif; aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

tJ'Dawmh olrsm;vSLvkdUyJpm;pm;? ukd,fhzmomyJ 0,fpm;pm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'fquforQumvywfvkH; ur®b0ypö,m

227


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bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh tdrfrSm vnf;yJ 'Dvkdpm;zkdUukd owday;ygwJh? bkef;BuD;ukd arwåm&yfcHw,fayghaemf/ tckvnf;yJ

w&m;yGJu aemufqkH;aeUqkdawmh a,m*DwkdUtwGuf tdrfukd ygzkdUtwGufukd bkef;BuD;w&m;ukd ed*kH;csKyfaewmyg/

(rSefvSygbk&m;)/

tdrfjyefa&muf&ifowdxm;tdrfjyefa&muf&ifowdxm;tdrfjyefa&muf&ifowdxm;tdrfjyefa&muf&ifowdxm;tdrfjyefa&muf&ifowdxm;

ckeajymcJhwJh wpfcsuf0g;vkdUwpfcsuf ½kyfemrfqkdwm[m rkd;ay:u uswJh½kyfemrfvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/

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onf taMumif;aMumihfjzpfaom tusdK; ½kyfemrf/ taMumif;aMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;½kyfemrfvkdU a,m*DwkdU tckodoGm;NyD/

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vu©PÓmPf aemf/

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ESpfcsuf0g;awmh cEmb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;yg bk&m;)/ aemuf 5-yg;yJ/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if qGrf;wpfvkwf a,m*DwkdU 0rf;xJukd

rsdKcsEkdifwJhtqifhxdatmif b,fESpfcsuf0g;vJ/ uJ bkef;BuD; wpfa,mufcsif;awmh rar;awmhygbl;/ ar;ae&if

tukefay:awmhr,f/ udk,fh[mav;ukd,f NyD;awmhrS rSwfxm;? [kwfvm;/ 5-csufeJUawmh rsdKvkdU r&avmufbl;

xifw,f/ xm; - wpfa,mufeJUwpfa,mufuawmh rwlbl;/ tcsdKUu tavhtusihfpum;ajymw,f/ yg;pyfxJxnfhNyD;

wtm;rs d Kcswwf wJ holu b,f 5-csuf 0g;awmhrvJ/ vk H;axG;rs d KcswJ hvlusawmhav/ wpf cs d K U

pdrfajyeajy0g;wJholusawmhvnf; 15-csufavmufukd 0g;&if0g;wm/ 'gwpfOD;eJUwpfOD;rwlbl;/ uJ - tJ'Dawmhxm;/

twkdif;twmr&Sdbl;/ ukd,fh[mav;eJUukd,f b,favmuf0g;vJqkdwmukd 'um? 'umrawG avhusihf xm;yg/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dvkd ausmif;rSmyJpm;pm;? tdrfrSmyJ pm;pm;? tJ'DvkdavhusifhNyD; pm;&if? pm;ae&if; pm;ae&if;eJU r*¾ifr&bl;vm;/

(&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifh 0dyóemqkdwmu tusihfrcuf? todcuf\wJh/ uJ - tckMunhf? pm;&if;eJU

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r*¾if0ifwJhtcsdefrSm ol0ifvkdUr&wJhtcgusawmh ab;uae &yfMunhf aew,f/ 'gayrJh rauseyfbl;aemf/

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0if xGufcsifwkdif;xGufvkdUr&wJhtcgusawmh tNi§dK;&Sdw,f aemf/ tdrfjyef a&muf&ifawmh owdxm;/ ESpfxyfwkd;eJU

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228


'DaeUrSm igr&SdwJh taMumif;? ½kyfemrftaMumif; csnf;yJ a[maeawmh 'd|duvnf; jzpfcsdef r&bl;/ tJ'Dawmh

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tJ'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'um? 'umrawG [m ig'kwd,b0awG bmawG rarQmfeJUawmh/ rarQmfeJUawmh/

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uHoufouf/ bmrS ylp&mr&Sdbl;qkdawmh at;at;aq;aq;ZdrfeJUae½HkyJ/ tJ'Dtcgusawmh bk&m;arh? w&m;arh

arhoGm;a&m/ arhoGm;awmh ewfjynfeJU i&Jjynfu wdkuf½d kufvrf;aygufw,f/ a[m--jzwfvrf;&S dw,f/

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temxydPf ola|;BuD; rsm;vdk [kwfvm;/ aomwmywå dr*f wpfBudrf&oGm;&if 'um? 'umrawG aysmfcsifwdkif;

aysmfvdkYr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,fbk&m;)/

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tyg,fwHcg;ydwfNyD;awmh edAÁmefudkjrif&&if 'um? 'umrwdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY vljzpfusdK;reyfbl;vm;/ (eyfygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dvdk jzpfatmifbmvkyf&rvJ/ BudK;pm;&r,f/ 'DvdkBudK;pm;EdkifzdkUu pm;wdkif; pm;wdkif; trlt&mwdkif; trlt&mwdkif;rSm

apmifhNyD;Munfhvdkuf&if rjrJwJh oabmudkjrif&if 'gvu©PÓmPfqdkwm 0dyóemÓmPfaygh/

tJ'g bkef;BuD;oifwef;puwnf;u 'DÓmPf 5-rsKd;eJU pcJhwm/ 'g - 'DaeU ed*Hk;csKyfwmayghaemf/ tJ'Dvdk

ed*Hk;csKyfwJhtcgusawmh rdrdb,f twdkif;twmtxd a&mufNyDqdkwmudk a,m*DwdkYudk ajymEdkifzdkUtwGufudk cke

229


aMunmxm;wJh &x0deDwokwåefayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'D &x0Dedwokwåefu "r®m'go w&m;eJUwGJ&ygw,f/ "r®

tm'goaygh/ w&m;aMu;rHkvdkYac:ygw,f/ a,m*DwdkY/ 'Dawmh raeUuvnf;yJ orx 0dyóemtaMumif; a[mwJhtcgrSm

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'gudkjrifNyD; a[mwmaemf/

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'd|dudk jzKwf? rjzKwf&if tyg,fusrSmpdk;vdkY/ r[mu½kPmaemf/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY tJ'Dvdk aemifw r& &atmif 'um?

'umrwdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY ,aeUbmw&m;tm;xkwfMurvJ/ (orx 0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwfMu&rSmygbk&m;)/

'gaMumifh aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u om;a&;? orD;a&; pD;yGm;a&;aemufxm;? opömodatmif

t&ifvkyfwJh/

230


t&GwfeJUrauseyfeJU? tom;pm;ygt&GwfeJUrauseyfeJU? tom;pm;ygt&GwfeJUrauseyfeJU? tom;pm;ygt&GwfeJUrauseyfeJU? tom;pm;ygt&GwfeJUrauseyfeJU? tom;pm;yg

uJ- rrSefbl;vm;/ 'Dawmh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u xyfNyD;awmh qHk;r vdkufao;w,f/ om;a&; orD;a&;

pD;yGm;a&;udk rvkyf&if vlUb0rSm rsufESmi,frSmaygh/ wu,fvnf; rsufESmi,frSmyg/ pD;yGm;r&Sm&if olrsm; oHk;ovdk

roHk;Edkif olrsm;jzKef;ovdk rjzKef;Edkif olrsm; vkyfovdk rvkyfEdkif&if rsufESmri,f&bl;vm;/ (i,f&ygw,fbk&m;)/

odkYaomf tyg,frusbl;/ opömrod&if bmjzpfrvJ/ (tyg,fusygw,f)/ ,aeU ola|;BuD;jzpfNyD; aemufaeUbmjzpfrvJ/

(acG;BuD;jzpfygw,f)/ awma',s taMumif;vnf; ajymNyD;ygNyD/ tJ'Dvdk jzpfrSmpdk;vdkU jrwfpGmbk&m;u tdrf-2-

tdrfMum;xJrSm &yfwJh a,musfm;vdk igonf 'Dw&m;awGudkodNyD; jrifNyD;awmh a[maewmwJh/ uJ -- bkef;BuD;wdkY

'um? 'umrawG bmrSoHo,jzpfp&mr&Sdbl;/ aemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;u ightajymtwdkif; rdrdwdkY vufrcHeJUOD;wJh/

vufawGU vkyfMunfhygOD;wJh/ ]]auorkw åd}}okw åefrSmxyfajymjyefw,f/ olrsm;ajym pum; em;axmif&rSmvm;?

vufawGUvkyfMunfh&rSmvm;/ (vufawGUvkyfMunfh &rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk vufawGUvkyfrS vufcHusifhoHk;ygvdkY

'DvdkrdefUawmfrl w,fayghaemf/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk rdefUawmfrlawmh a,m*DwdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY tm;udk; &rSm wjcm;vm;? w&m;vm;/ (w&m;ygbk&m;)/

]]"ar®m ar o&PH tnH ew¬d}}aemf/ w&m;udk tm;udk;wJhae&mrSm tqifhvdkuf tm;udk;&rSmaemf/ Ak' ¨bmom0if

pwJh yk*¾dKvfawGu 'getm;udk;&r,f? oDvtm;udk;&r,f/ enf;enf;av; tqifhjrifhvmwJh Ak'bmomawGusawmh

w&m;av; bmav; xdkifwmwdkY ykwD;pdwfwmwdkY bk&m;&Sdcdk;wmwdkY y&dwf&GwfwmwdkY y|mef;&Gwf wmwdkY tm;rudk;&bl;vm;/

(tm;udk;&ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gu 'kwd,tqifh wufoGm;NyDaemf/ psmefvdkif;udk a&mufoGm;wJhtcgusawmh 'gvnf;

tm;udk; &r,faygh/ odkUaomf tJ'Dvdkif;awGonf uHwdkU psmefwdkY[m edAÁmef&Edkif&JUvm;/ (r&Edkifygbl;bk&m;)/ taxmuftyHh

ay;aeNyD/ avScg;xpfawG wufvmNyD/ tay:ra&mufao;bl;/ tay:qHk;avScg;xpfudk wufEdkifzdkUtwGuf wjcm;

ul&rSmvm;? ÓmPfudk ul&rSmvm;/ (ÓmPfudkul&rSmygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh uHw&m;udk eHygwfwpftm;udk;/ 'kwd,psmefw&m;udk tm;udk;? wwd,u ÓmPfw&m;udktm;udk;/

bk&m;OD;csawmifrSyJ a,m*DwdkY pepfwus vkyfyg/ bkef;BuD;wm0efausygw,faemf/ aoaocsmcsmoifxm; NyD;NyDaemf/

tcsdKU a,m*DawGqdk yHkrusbl;? OD;cswmu 10-&ufvHk;vHk; tm;xkwf NyD;awmhrS OD;cswmawG[m wnfjcif;BuD; 5-

yg;eJU rnDbl;qdk&if udk,fhtwGuf u aumif;yghrvm;/ (raumif;ygbl;bk&m;)/ 'gaus;Zl;qyfwmyg a,m*DwdkY/

'gav;udk owdvGwfwJhtcg bkef;BuD;wdkUudk,fwdkifMuHKcJhzl;vdkY jyif;jyif; xefxef tqHk;trcHcJhzl;vdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY

owd&SdvGef;vdkY aMomf a,m*DwdkYudk xyfwvJvJ xyfwvJvJ owday;jcif; jzpfwmayghaemf/

w&m;udkapmifh&if w&m;ujyefapmifhr,f/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkU w&m;rS wpfyg; bmrSudk;uG,fp&m&Sd&JUvm;/ (r&Sdygbl;)/

r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh w&m;udk wu,f udk;uG,f&r,f/ tm;xm;&r,f/ tJ'Dw&m;awG b,fola[mwmvJ/ (bk&m;)/

'Dvrf;udk b,fol&SmazGwmvJ/ (bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY 'um? 'umrawG bk&m;udkukdk;uG,frS tyg,fydwfwm/

w&m;udktm;udk;rS tyg,f ydwfrSm/ 'gaMumifh bk&m;onf 'ku©cyfodrf;uif;Nidrf;wJh vrf;BuD;udk edA Ámef vrf;BuD;udk

& SmazGvmwJ htwGuf bk&m;rud k;uG,f&bl;vm;/ (ud k;uG,f &ygw,f)/ 'Dw&m;ud k vufawGUvkyf&if

vufawGUcsrf;omwJhtwGuf w&m; rudk;uG,f&bl;vm;/ (udk;uG,f&ygw,f)/ bk&m; w&m;awGudk aqmifaewJh

oHCm awGudk rudk;uG,f&bl;vm;/ (udk;uG,f&ygw,f)/

udk,fudk,fwdkifvnf;yJ udavom Nidrf;&mNidrf;aMumif; tm;xkwf aewJhtwGuf 'Dudk;uG,fwJhtxJrSm

udk,fa&mrygbl;vm;/ (ygçygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY udk;uG,f&m tppftrSef b,fESpfcsuf/ (3-csufygbk&m;)/

tJ'D bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wem 3-yg;udk ,Hk,HkMunfMunfeJU udk;uG,fvdkY 'Dvrf;pOftwdkif; wu,f 'um?

'umrawG bkef;BuD;wdkY tm;xkwfr,f qdk&if b,fawmhrS rqif;&Jygbl;/ 'Db0wif r[kwfbl;/ b,fb0rS rsufESm

ri,fygbl;/ tJ'Dawmh ,aeU aemufqHk;aeU owday;csifwmu t&GwfeJU rauseyfeJU? tom;pm;yg/

b,fvdkwdkufwGef;wmvJ/ (t&GwfeJU rauseyfeJU? tom;pm;)/ tJ'Dawmh &Gwfvnf; &Gwfyg/ pm;vnf;pm;yg/ t&Gwfvnf;

231


pm;yg? tom;vnf; pm;ygvkdY wdkufwGef;r,fayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh tom;pm;&if tvdkvdk0NyD;om;ygyJ/ odkYaomf rdrdwdkY\

apwem 0goem tavsmuf orkwd avmutaeeJU &Gwfp&m&Sdvnf; &Gwfyg/ ÓmPfu awmh 'um? 'umrawG

tom; pm;wmudk ESvHk;oGif;xm;aemf (rSefvSyg)/ 'g odyfta&;BuD;ygw,f/

y|mef;eJUjcHpnf;½d k;cwfaew,fy|mef;eJUjcHpnf;½d k;cwfaew,fy|mef;eJUjcHpnf;½d k;cwfaew,fy|mef;eJUjcHpnf;½d k;cwfaew,fy|mef;eJUjcHpnf;½d k;cwfaew,f

tJ'Dawmh tcsKdUrSm b,favmufxd tpGJBuD;vJqdk&if 24-ypönf; qdkwm bkef;BuD;wdkY y|mef;a'oemr&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'g av;udk [dkwpfaeUuvnf; ajymcJhw,f/ wpf-ypönf;av;&Gwfae&if tEÅ&m,f uif;w,f/

tJ'Dawmh wpfcsKdUu rd½dk;zvmu uHudkoifxm;w,faygh/ b,fvdk oifxm;vJqdkawmh tJ'D 24-ypönf;udk pnf;csMuw,f/

'um? 'umrawG/ bmvkyfwmvJ/ (pnf;csMuw,f)/ em;BuD;BuD;em;axmifyg/ tJ'Dawmh a[wkypöa,mu

we*FaEGaxmif huapmif h ? tm&r®P ypöa,m wevFm axmif huapmif haemf/ tJ'Dvd k 24-ypönf;ud k

txyfxyfpnf;csNyD;awmh tdyfvdkufawmh wu,fawmh aumif;ygw,f/ raumif;bl;ajymwm r[kwfbl;/ aumif;ovm;?

raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,f)/ aumif;w,f tJ'g t&GwfeJUwif NyD;NyD;oGm;wm/ tJ'g q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

wpfqifhjrifhatmif b,fvdkqHk;rvdkufovJvdkYqdk&if 'um? 'umrawG cifAsm;wdkY awmfawmf *GuswJholawGyJ/

wdkuf½dkufqHk;rwm/ cifAsm;wdkYu y|mef;rsm; jcHpnf;½dk; cwfaew,f/ a[m/ bmwJhvJ/ (y|mef;rsm; jcHpnf;½dk;cwfaew,f)/

jcH pnf;½dk;cwfw,fqdkwm aemufwpfvHk; oHk;vdkufao;w,f/ cifAsm;wdkYu y|mef;ukd '&0rftvkyfcdkif;wmudk;wJh/

a[m- odyfav;eufw,faemf/ odkYaomf 'Dpum; a,m*DwdkY 'Dae&mrSmyJ xm;yg/ t&yfxJ roHk;ygeJUaemf/ bmjzpf

vdkYvJqdkawmh y&rw¬ÓmPf rjrif&if 'Dpum;u tEÅ&m,f&SdoGm;w,f/ tck[mupcef;yGJvnf; 10-&ufajrmufaeUrdkY

bkef;BuD;vnf;yJ &J&Jwif;wif; ajym&Jwm/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh qdkMuygpdkU/ tdrfwpftdrfrSm bk&m;awGvSnfhNyD;awmh jcHpnf;½dk; umxm;&ifaumif;yghrvm;/

(raumif;ygbl;)/ [m 'Dvl Ak'bmom omajymw,f/ bk&m; jcHpnf;½dk;umxm;w,fqdkawmh aumif;yghrvm;/

(raumif;ygbl;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if y|mef;udk pnf;cswm bmjcHpnf;½dk;umwmvJ/ (bk&m; jcHpnf;½dk;umwmygbk&m;)/ uJ -

- &Sif;oGm;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh q&mawmfu 'gavmufuav;eJUwif rauseyfapcsifbl;/ tJ'D &GwfaewJh w&m;awmfawGudk

&ifxJudk ta&mufydkU cEmxJudk ta&mufydkY? ta&muf ydkUvdkuf&if 'um? 'umrawG wjcm;&rSmvm;? ÓmPf&rSmvm;/

(ÓmPf &rSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'D ÓmPfukokdvfonf udpötukefrNyD;bl;vm;/ (NyD;ygw,f bk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh w&m;udkapmifh&if

olawmfaumif;rsm;twGuf ajrBuD;u a&ToD;ayvdrfhr,fqdkwJh 'Dpum;vHk;av;udkom ,HkMunfprf;yg/ a,m*DwdkY/ 'g-

-owday;vdkufwmaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

"r®m'go-w&m;aMu;rH k"r®m'go-w&m;aMu;rH k"r®m'go-w&m;aMu;rH k"r®m'go-w&m;aMu;rH k"r®m'go-w&m;aMu;rH k

uJ- 'Dawmh ,aeUajym&r,hfw&m;u bkef;BuD;wkdYjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; y&dedAÁmefpHvGefawmfrlcgeD;

emwdu&GmrSm oDwif;okH; awmfrlpOf t&SiftmeEmukd a[mawmfrlwJh ]]"r®m'go}}qkdwJh "r®aMu;rkH? w&m;rSefcsyfBuD;ukd

aus;Zl;jyKygr,f/ okwfr[mygVdawmf r[my&dedAÁmeokwf rSm ygçygw,f/

wpfaeUawmh &SiftmeE´mukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;u emwdu&Gmu b,fol b,folawGawmhaoqkH;oGm;w,f

bk&m;/ tJ'golwkdY b,fbkH b,fb0ukd a&mufoGm;ygovJ omEkqkdwJh&[ef;? eE´mqkdwJh &[ef;r? okpdwåqkdwJh

Oygoum ponfjzihfayghav/ emrnfawGazmfNyD; ar;vkdufwm/ olwkdU olwkdUawG b,fbkH b,fb0 b,fXmeawGrsm;

a&mufMuygovJbk&m; aygh/

tJ'Dawmh bk&m;&Sifukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;u t&SiftmeE´m ar;avQmuf wJh yk*¾dKvfawG[m wpfcsdKU &[EÅmjzpf

y&dedAÁmefpHMuwmuG/ wpfcsKdU tem*grf jzpfvkdU 'DvlUbkHukd jyefrvmawmhbl;/ wpfcsKdUu ou'g*grfjzpfvkdY wpfBudrf

wpfcgom vlUbkHvmMuawmhw,f/ wpfcsdKU aomwmyeftjzpfeJU tyg,frus awmhbJ *wdjrJMuw,fuG? 'g bk&m;ocif

232


tajzay;vkdufw,f/ emwdu &Gmom; Oygoum ig;q,fausmfu tem*grf? ukd;q,fausmfu ou'g*grf? ig;&mausmfu

aomwmyef þokdU ponf ponfjzifh jzpfukefMuw,f/

tJ'Dawmh vlawGvlawGaemufqkH;c&D;onf wjcm;vm;? aowmvm;/ (aowmyg bk&m;)/ aooGm;wJhtcgusawmh

olU&JU*wdtavsmuf ayghaemf/ avmbeJUaoawmh NydwåmoGm;w,f/ a'goeJUaoawmh i&JoGm;w,f/ arm[eJU aoawmh

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orxawG psmefawGeJUaoawmh jA[®mjynfa&mufw,f/ cke 0dyóemawG t&[w år*f? t&[wåzkdvfawGeJUqkdawmh

edAÁmef0ifw,f/ olY*wdeJU olr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdyg w,fbk&m;)/ 'gawG olUvrf;pOfeJUol &Sif;&Sif;av;yg a,m*DwkdU/

tJ'Dawmh - 'Dw&m;awGukd rodwJhtcgusawmh tvkyf tifrwef rsm;wJh jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd tmeE´mu

vlwpf a,mufaooGm;wkdif; oGm;ar; w,f/ t&Sifbk&m; tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf b,fa&mufoGm;vJ/ at; - oluawmh

'geeJUaovkdU ewfjynfa&mufw,fuG/ oluawmh aomwmyefjzpfNyD;aovkdU ewfjynfa&mufw,f/ [m - oluawmh

&[EÅm jzpfoGm;w,f ponfjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;ua[m&ygw,f? a,m*DwkdUaemf/ vlawGuvnf; wpfaeU

wpfaeUaowJhvlawGuvnf; ajrmufjrm;pGm r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dajrmufjrm;pGmukd &SiftmeE´mu

odcsifwJhtaeeJU tjrJwrf;ar;awmh bk&m;uvnf; ajz&awmhwmaygh/ bk&m;qkdwm tifr weftvkyfrsm;ygw,f

a,m*DwkdU/ 'Dawmh tmeE´mrif; vlaowdkif; ighqDvmar;ae&if igyifyef;ouG/ tJ'Dawmh igw&m;a[mr,f/

tJ'DaywHeJUom wkdif;awmha[h/ wpfenf;tm; jzifh igrif;ukd rSefay;vkdufr,f/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf&JU taMumif; ukdodcsif&if/

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ajczsm; ukd,fhwpfukd,fvkH; wpfxnfvkH; 0wfwm? pD;wm bmom tqifajyw,f? rajybl;qkdwm bmeJU MunhfrvJ/

(rSefeJUMunhf&ygw,f bk&m;)/ ukd,fhukd,fukdawmh rjrifbl;/ rSefxJMunhfUkf rjrifEkdifbl;vm;/ (jrifEkdifygw,f bk&m;)/

tJ'DvkdjrifEkdifatmif ukd,fhukd,fukd tqifajy\? rajy\qkdwJh taetxm;ukdMunhf&atmif tdrfwkdif; tdrfwkdif;

rSefaqmif&w,f/

tJ'D tdrfwkdif; tdrfwkdif; rSefaqmifovkd rdrdwkdY\*wdawGukd oGm;wJh tcgodEkdifatmif wjcm;aqmif&rSmvm;?

rSefaqmif&rSmvm;/ (rSefaqmif& rSmyg bk&m;)/ w&m;rSefaqmif&r,f/ bmaqmif&rvJ/ (w&m;rSefaqmif &r,f)/

tJ'Dw&m;rSefqkdwm -

]]Aka' ta0pö yÜoma'e orEém*awm a[mwd

"ar® ta0pö yÜoma'e orEém*awm a[mwd

oHaC ta0pö yÜoma'e orEém*awm a[mwd

t&d,uaEÅ[d oDav[d orEém*awm a[mwd}}

qkdNyD; pmu'Dtwkdif; jyxm;w,f/ 4-csuf jyw,faygh/ tJ'DxJrSmygoGm; NyDaemf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;ukdÓmPfjzifh ouf0if odjrif,kHMunfwJh o'gw&m; &Sdjcif;onf rSefwpfcsyf/

w&m;ukd ÓmPfjzifhouf0if odjrif,kHMunfwJh o'gw&m; &Sdjcif;onf rSefwpfcsyf/

oHCmukd ÓmPfjzifh ouf0if odjrif,kHMunfwJh o'gw&m; &Sdjcif;onf rSefwpfcsyf/

t&d,mwkdUjrwfEkd;tyfwJh ig;yg;oDvukdjrJjcif;onf rSefwpfcsyf/ rSefb,fESpfcsyfvJ/ (4-csyfyg bk&m;)/ tJ'D

4-csyfxJukdMunhfvkduf&if b,f owå0gyJ jzpfjzpf b,fyk*¾dKvfyJjzpfjzpf 'um? 'umrawG b,foGm;NyDqkdwmu

aocsmoGm;NyD odoGm;NyD/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'DrSef ukd,fykdif&SdzkdU ta&;BuD;w,f/ tdrfwkdif;rSm rSef&Sdovkd bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um?

'umrawGrSm ukd,fykdifrSef 4-csyf &SdzkdU ta&;rMuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f)/ tJ'D 4-csyfu ckeajymcJhwJh

bk&m; ukd;uG,fwm&,f? w&m;ukd;uG,fwm&,f? oHCmukd;uG,fwm&,f? oDvjrJwm &,f/ b,fESpfcsufvJ/ (4-

csufyg bk&m;)/ tJ'gukd aus;Zl;&Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u vuFmoGm;av;eJU rSwfom;xm;w,f/

vkdufqkdMunhfyg/

233


1/ Ak'pGrf;&nf awGUjrifNyD ,kHMunfjrJvSpGm/

2/ "r®pGrf;&nf awGUBuHKNyD ,kHMunfjrJvSpGm/

3/ oHCmhpGrf;&nf awGUBuHKNyD ,kHMunfjrJvSpGm/

4/ t&d,uEÅ ig;oDv vkH;0jynfhpkH&m/

5/ jrwfaomwmyef w&m;rSef a0zefpkHvif&m/

6/ ukd,fhÓmPftqifh ukd,fwkdifcsifh toifhqkH;jzwf&m - wJh/

tJ'D 4-csuf rSefBuD; cspfom; rif;ukdifxm;/ aemuf ighrar;eJUawmh/ &Sif;NyD;aemf/

tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwkdUu y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnfwJhtcgusawmh ig ao&if b,foGm;r,fqkdwm ukd,fhukd,fukd

odoGm;NyD/ avmbeJUaoawmh Nydw åm/ 'geeJUaoawmh ok*wd/ 0dyóemÓmPfeJUaoawmh aomwmyefjzpf/

ao&ifawmifrSyJ wjcm;a&mufrSmvm;/ ok*wda&mufrSmvm;/ (ok*wda&muf rSmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'g ukd,fhukd,fukd

odEkdifzkdU/ tJ'Dw&m;rSefxJ xnfhMunhf& r,f/ tJ'DrSefudk 'um? 'umrawG jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlygw,f/

bk&m;om"kac:bk&m;om"kac:bk&m;om"kac:bk&m;om"kac:bk&m;om"kac:

tJ'geJU wpfqufwnf;yJ rlvyP ÖmoygVdawmfrSmvmwJh ]]&x0deDw}} okwfudk aus;Zl;jyKygrnf/

&x0Dedwokwåefjzpfay:vmwJhtaMumif;u jrwfpGm bk&m;xH ur®|mef;w&m;awG awmif;NyD;wJhtcgusawmh &[ef;awmf

t&Sifjrwf awG olUqkdif&mqkdif&mawGrSm oGm;NyD;awmh tm;xkwfaeMuw,f/ Oyrm - &Sifom&dykwå&mqkd&ifvnf;

&Sifom&dykw å&m wynfhawGeJU/ t&Sifarm*¾vmef uvnf; t&Sifarm*¾vmefwynfhawGeJU/ t&SifykP ÖqkdwJh

&[ef;awmfuvnf; ol Uwynf hawGe J U / tJ' Dawmh tJ' D t&Si fy kP Öqk dwJ h &[EÅm[m wynh fawG

trsm;qkH;yk*¾dKvfBuD;vnf;jzpfw,f/ 'Dawmh olUwynfh awGuaeNyD;awmh oDwif;0gvuRwfwJhtcgusawmh

bk&m;zl;vmMuw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd vmNyD;awmh zl;Muw,f/ 'DawmhrS jrwfpGmbk&m;u cspfom;wkdU - rif;wkdU

oyÜg,rQw&JUvm;/ oyÜg,rQw,fqkdwm aevdkUxkdifvkdUaumif;&JUvm;/ abmZeoyÜg,? OwkoyÜg,? tm0gooyÜg,?

yk*¾voyÜg,qkdwm wpfa,mufeJU wpfa,muf tqifajyMu&JUvm;/ tJ'gawG tqifajyMu&JU vm;vkdU ar;wmaygh/

'Dawmh ykxkZOfawG[m yk*¾voyÜg, r&Sd&if bmrSvkyfvkdUr&bl;/ vlESpfa,muftwlaeNyD;rwnfh&if

tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfESpfa,mufu aevkdUrjzpfawmh bl;/ ol[mav;eJUol ajcaxmufuav;eJUeif;wm jyif;oGm;awmifrS 'Daumif

ighapmif;ovm;qkdwm jzpfawmhr,f/ ykxkZOfaemf/ odyfaMumufp&maumif; w,faemf/ tJ'gaMumifh trsm;eJUaewJhtcgrSm

yk*¾voyÜg,rQzkdU ta&;r BuD;bl;vm;/ (BuD;ygw,f bk&m;)/ 'gvnf;yJ w&m;&wJht*FgxJrSm wpfckyg w,faemf/

abmZeoyÜg,qkdwm t[m&rQwzkdU ta&;BuD;w,f/

'gaMumifh apmapmu bkef;BuD;a,m*DawGukd ajymygw,f [kwfvm;/ 'umrBuD;awGawmh aygifcsdefxm;qkdwm/

'DrSmu t[m&oyÜg, rQwygw,f/ rrQ&ifvnf;yJ w&m;r&Ekdifbl;aemf/ tm0gooyÜg,qkdwm t&dyftm0go?

OwkoyÜg,qkdwm tyl? tat;ayghaemf [kwfvm;/ tJ'gav;rQrS/ ylvGef;&ifvnf; w&m;r&bl;/ at;vGef;&ifvJ

w&m;r&bl;/ &moDOwk rQrQwwae&mrS w&m;&Ekdifw,fvkdU 'Dvkdqkdvkdwm/

tJ'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wkdU ,aeUjrefrmEkdifiHrSm tukefvkH;jynhfpkHw,f/ wtm;BuD;vnf; rylbl;? wtm;BuD;vnf;

rat;bl;qkdawmh rQwwJhOwk r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ opfyifeJU bmeJU nmeJU t&dyftm0goeJU rylvGef; rat;vGef;

jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh w&m;&EkdifwJht*FgeJYnDygw,f/

bk&m;yGifhwJhacwfvkd jzpfaevkdU jrefrmEkdifiHrSm tck 'Dbk&m;a[mwJh w&m;awG jyefNyD;awmh emae&wm?

tm;xkwfae&wmaemf/ tJ'Dtcsdeftcg rSm ukd,fuarhavsmhNyD;awmh tdyfaysmfae&if b,fawmhrS 'Db0jyeftpm;&rSm

r[kwfawmhbl;/ 'gvnf; odyfta&;BuD;w,fayghaemf/

tJ'gaMumifhrkdUvkdU cspfom;wkdU oyÜg,rQw&JUvm;/ rQygw,f bk&m;/

234


uJ - toifcspfom;wkdU? rif;wkdUu b,folUwynfhawGvJvkdU ar;NyD/ b,fvkdar;vJ/ (b,folUwynfhawGvJ)/

b,folUwymnfhawGvJqkdawmh wynhf awmfwkdUbk&m;? t&SifykPÖ&JUwynhfawGygwJh/ b,folYwynhfawGvJ/ (t&Sif

ykPÖ&JUwynfhawGygbk&m;)/ q&mudkar;wmaemf/ 'gaMumifhrkdU bkef;BuD;wkdU a,m*Drsm;vnf;yJ [m - 'um? 'umrawG

cifAsm;wkdU a,m*DawG b,folU wynhfawGvJ/ [m - rkd;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JUwynhfawG [m -

r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;wynhfawG ponfjzifh? pGef;vGef;q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;&JUwynhfawG rajym&bl;vm;/

(ajym&ygw,f bk&m;)/ ukdf,fhq&m eJU ukd,fhwynhf 'Dvkdajym&rSmyJ/ wpfvkH;wpfyg' wpf*gxm oifay;vkduf&if

'gq&myJayghaemf/ q&m&JU *kPfaus;Zl;awGqkdwmuawmh teaEÅm teEÅ 5-yg;xJrSm ygNyD;om;rkdUxm; [kwfvm;/

tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; q&mukd ar;wm/ 'um?'umrawG q&modyfta&;BuD;w,f/

wynhfawmfwkdUq&mu t&SifykP Öyg bk&m;/ at;- aumif;NyDuGm/ rif;wkdUq&mu b,fvkdrsm; qkH;rxm;ovJwJh/

odyfta&;BuD; vmNyD 'um? 'umrawG/ q&mta&;BuD;ovm;? ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (ta&;BuD;ygw,f bk&m;)/

jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfwkdifuae q&m&JUtqkH; trukd ar;NyD/ toifcspfom;wkdU&JUq&mu oifcspfom;wkdUukd b,fvkdrsm;

qkH;ravh qkH;rx &SdovJvkdU ar;NyDaemf/ 'Dawmh q&m&JUtqkH;trukd 'um? 'umrawG ÓmPfcsdefcGifay;aewmaemf/

ÓmPfcsdefcGif,lyg/ rdrdwkdU ukd;uG,f qnf;uyfwJhq&mu bmqkH;raeovJ/ avmuDwpfb0? wpfeyfpm qkH;r

ovm;/ wpfoHo&mvkH;pm qkH;rovm;? [kwfvm;/ 'g - ÓmPfcsdefcGifyJ/ raumif;wmawG qkH;raeovm;/

aumif;wmawG qkH;raeovm;/ 'g- ÓmPfcsdefcGifyJ/ tJ'grdrdwkdUu ÓmPfcsdefcGif&&if b,fq&mukdyJqnf;uyf?

qnf;uyf? ukd;uG,f ukd;uG,f rrSm;awmhbl;/

ÓmPfcs de fc Gi fr&vk d U 'um? 'umrawG q&mñTe f Mum;r Ie J U wpfcsuf uav;wdr f ;oGm;&i f

odyfaMumufp&maumif;ygw,f/ rif;wkdUq&mu b,fvkdqkH;rovJqkdawmh wynhfawmfwkdUq&mu bk&m;wJh?

wPSmukefzkdU? wPSmcsKyfzkdU? Oyg'gefcsKyfzkdU qkH;rygw,fwJh/ b,fvdkqkH;rovJ/ (wPSmukefzkdU? wPSmcsKyfzkdU? Oyg'gefcsKyfzkdU

qkH;rygw,f bk&m;)/ jAKef;ceJ 'Dpum;awGu y#dpöorkyÜg'f emxm;vkdU enf;enf;av; &dyfrdwm/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f

rod&if tJ'Dpum;ajym bmrSem;vnfrSm r[kwfbl;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnfawmh eHygwf-3 tuGufrSm bm&SdvJ/

wPSm? wPSmNyD;awmh Oyg'gef? Oyg'gefNyD;awmh ur®b0? 'D 3-rsdK; [kdrSm&Sdw,faemf/ eHygwf - 3 tuGufrSm/

tJ'Dawmh wPSm? Oyg'gef? uHqkdawmh wPSmypö,m Oyg'geH? Oyg'geypö,m ur®b0? ur®b0ypö,m Zmwd?

y#dpöorkyÜg'fqufoGm;&if wjcm;&rSmvm;? 'ku©&rSmvm;/ ('ku©&rSmyg bk&m;)/ 'gukd q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u wPSmqkdwJh

y#dpöorkyÜg'f [kdbufqufoGm;&if aojcif;qkd;aor,f ajymwm/ 'gu y#dpöorkyÜg'fqufwJh qkH;renf; /

y#dpöorkyÜg'f ckeu wPSmcsKyfzkdU Oyg'gefcsKyfzkdU qkH;rygw,f qkdawmh wPSmeda&m"m Oyg'geeda&ma"m?

Oyg'geeda&m"m ur®b0eda&ma"m? ur®b0eda&m"m Zmwdeda&ma"m? Zmwdeda&m"m qkdwm wjcm;vm;? Z&m

r&Peda&ma"mvm;/ (Z&mr&Peda&ma"myg bk&m;)/ Z&mr&P eda&ma"m qkdwm wjcm;vm;? edfA Ámefvm;/ (eddfAÁmefyg

bk&m;)/ eddfAÁmefudk qkH;rwJhtwGuf jrwfpGmbk&m; om"k 3-Budrfac:w,f a,m*DwkdU/ bk&m; bmac:vJ/ (om"k 3-

Budrfac:ygw,fbk&m;)/ om"k 3-Budrfac:wm? bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfaemf/

tJ'Dawmh om"k 3-Budrfac:awmh bk&m;om"kac:wm awmf½kHvl ac:yghrvm;/ (rac:ygbl;)/ tifrwef

tqkH;trawmfwJhyk*¾dKvfrdkfUvkdU om"k 3-Budrfac:wm/ tck bkef;BuD;wkdU 'um? 'umrawG ukd;uG,ftm;xm; aewJh

aus;Zl;&Sif rkd;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;[m wPSmyGm;zkdU qkH;rwm wpfvkH;rS rygbl;/ pD;yGm;jzpfzkdU wpfvkH;rS rygbl;/

&mxl;wufzkdU wpfvkH;rS rygbl;/ om;awG? orD;awGeJU aysmfaysmfyg;yg;aezkdU wpfvkH;rSrygbl;/ wPSmcsKyfzkdU? Oyg'gefcsKyfzkdUyJ

q&mawmfBuD; a[mwJhxJ rygbl;vm;/ (yg-ygw,f bk&m;)/ om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&; aemufxm;? opömodawmif

t&ifvkyf/ 'dXdawGjyKwfzkdU? wPSmawG csKyfzkdU 'gyJ 'um? 'umrawGukd a[maewm/ tJ'Dvkd a[maeawmh

'Dq&monf bk&m; om"kac:wJhq&mxJ rygEkdifbl;vm;/ (ygEkdifygw,f bk&m;)/ b,favmuf0rf;omp&maumif;vJ/

q&maumif;eJUawGUwm uHaumif;vkdU aemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ &Sif;NyD;aemf/ tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; om"kac:vkdufawmh

235


tJ'DtoH &Sifom&dykwå&m ukd,fawmfjrwf BuD;u Mum;w,f/ b,folu Mum;wmvJ/ (&Sifom&dykwå&mukd,fawmfjrwfu

Mum;wmygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh a[h - bk&m; om"kac:w,fuG/ b,folUac:wmygvdrhfvkdU wynhfawGukd olar;w,f/ t&Sifbk&m;wJh?

t&SifykkPÖukd ac:wmyg/ b,folU ukdac:wmvJ/ (t&SifykkPÖ)/ t&SifykkPÖu &[EÅmaemf/ okdYaomfvnf;yJ t&Sifom&dykwå&m

t&Sift&SifykkPÖukd rodbl;/ 'Davmufrsm;aewm b,f odrSmvJ/ tkd - bk&m;vufxufuwnf;u &[EÅmawG

trsm;BuD;ukd;aaemf/ odEkdifyghrvm;/ (rodEkdifygbl; bk&m;)/ eD;pyfwJhyk*¾dKvfom odEkdifwm/ rodEkdif bl;vm;/ [m -

tJ'Dvkd bk&m; om"kac:wJhyk*¾dKvf igawGUvkdufcsifprf; w,fwJh/ a[m - &Sifom&dykw å&mu b,fvkdrdefUwmvJ/

igawGUcsifw,fwJh/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if olawGUcsifw,fqkdawmh odyfNyD;awmh csD;usL;aewmayghaemf/ t&yfajymajymawmh

bmjzpfaevJ/ (csD;usL;aewmyg bk&m;)/ 'DrSm &[EÅm BuD;rsm;&JUpdwf b,favmufMunfñkdzkdU aumif;vJaemf/ 'DaeU

t&yfajymajym&if &mxl;eJU,SOf&if bk&m;&JUomoemrSm &Sifom&dykwå&mxufBuD;wJh olr&Sdbl;/ &mxl;tjrifhqkH;,lxm;xm/

okdYaomf tjrifhqkH;,lxm;awmh usefwJhyk*¾dKvfawG [m olUxufi,fwJh yk*¾dKvfr&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

tjrifhqkH; yk*¾dKvfu i,fwJhyk*¾dKvfukd tav;*½kjyKNyD;awmh igawGUcsifprf;vSw,f qkd wmu olYrSmu rmef&SdvkdUvm;?

rmefr&SdvdkUvm;/ (rmefr&SdvkdUyg bk&m;)/ &[EÅmrsm;u ajrBuD;txkeJUtrQ rmefr&Sdbl;/ ajrBuD;onf b,folyJ wHawG;

axG;csçcs rajymbl;/ &Sif;aum&Sif;vm;/ usifBuD; usifi,fpGefUvnf; rajymbl;/

ajrBuD;txkeJUtrQ onf;cHEkdifpGrf;&SdwJh rmefrmer&SdwJh &[EÅmBuD; awG b,favmufMunfñdkp&maumif;vJaemf/

tJ'Dvkd &Sifom&dykw å&mBuD; uvnf; Munfñkdp&maumif;ovkd t&Sifyk kP Öuvnf; tifrwef Munfñdk

p&maumif;wJhyk*¾dKvf jzpfygw,f/ wynfhawGaomif;eJUcsDNyD;awmh arG; vmwm/ wynfhawG aomif;eJUcsDNyD; arG;vmwmrSav

wpfcgwnf;rSudk wpfnDwnf;/ acgif;&dwf&ifvnf; wpfnDwnf;/ ouFef;awG 0wf&ifvnf; ta&mif wpfnDwnf;?

'Dvdk0wfwm/ tJ'DvkdolU&JU wynfhawG aomif;eJUcsDwJh wynfhawGu xdkifNyD;awmh aevdkuf&if wpfyHkpHwnf; qdkawmh

MunfndKp&m raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ wpfcgwnf;rSudkMunfndKp&m BuD;awGjzpfaew,f/ ck-

bkef;BuD;wdkYajymvdkufwm em;eJUMum;½HkeJU MunfndK p&m jrifuGif;udk jrifaeNyDaygh/ ÓmPfeJUjrifNyDaygh [kwfvm;/

tJ'Davmuf pnf;pnf;½Hk;½Hk; nDnDnGwfnGwfeJU q&mwynfhawG aeawmh tifrwef b,favmuf

om,mp&maumif;vJaemf/ tck a,m*DwdkY Mum;&ifudk 0rf;omp&m raumif;bl;vm;/ (aumif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ 0rf;om

aeNyD MunfEl;aeNyD/ 'g- olawmfaumif;awGudk;/ 'Dawmh 0rf;omw,f qdkwmu rk'dwmaemf/ 0rf;omw,fqdkwm

(rk'dwm)/ remvdk 0efwdkwmu £óm rpä&d,/ tJ'Dae&mrSm ykxkZOfrsm; pdwfrcs&bl;/ ykxkZOfb,folrS pdwfrcs&bl;?

'um? 'umrawG/ vlvnf; pdwfrcs &[ef;vnf; pdwfrcsaemf/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkU ykxkZOf b0eJU rao &atmif

wpfr*f? wpfzdkvf t&d,mb0eJU ao&atmif tck bkef;BuD;wdkY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfw,f r[kwfbl;vm;/

'gaMumifh b0yg&rDquf y|mef;quf&SdvdkY vmNyD;awmh awGUMu MuHKMu qHkMuwm[m 'um? 'umrawG

olpdrf;awG r[kwfbl;/ aqGrsdK; awGcsnf;ygyJ/ (rSefvSyg)/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dvdk vmvmNyD;awmh

qHkcJhwJh y|mef;quf&SdcJhwJhtwGufaMumifhrdkYvdkU 'Dq&majymwJh twdkif; waoGrwdrf;vdkufemwmuG/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

(&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY bkef;BuD;wdkY olUq&meJUolU'um ta&;BuD;w,f/ uRwfwrf;0if EdkifzdkUtwGufu

bmeJUbm ta&;BuD;wmvJ/ (olUq&m eJU olU'um ta&;BuD; wmygbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh t&SifykPÖ&JUwynfhwpfaomif;udk t&Sifom&dykwå&m udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; w&m;a[mvdkY uRwfyghrvm;/

(ruRwfygbl;bk&m;)/ ruRwf Edkifbl;/ t&SifykPÖ ua[mrS uRwfwm/ olUq&meJU olU'umeJU qHkrSomvQif w&m;

&Edkifw,fvdkY 'gav;rSwfygaemf/ uJ 'Dawmh 4-csufuav;udk vdk&if;av; ajymvdkuf&atmif/ vdkufqdk/

(1) q&m&,f

(2) 'um&,f

(3) ae&m&,f

(4) w&m;&,f

236


tJ'D 4-csuf olUtaMumif;tusdK;quf ]]ykaAÁp uwyknwm}} pufvdkUac:w,faemf/ a&S;u ukodkvfaumif;rI

twlwljyKcJhzl;wJh q&m 'um ae&m w&m; 4-csufomnD&if aocsmayguf jrefjrefqefqef w&m;&Edkifw,f

a,m*DwdkY/ (rSefvSyg)/ b,fESpfcsuf (4-csufygbk&m;)/ jyefajymyg/ (q&m&,f? 'um&,f? ae&m&,f? w&m;&,fygbk&m;)/

w&m;uawmh qufa[mcsifw,f/ qGrf;csdefeD;aevdkU awmfOD;rS/ naerS qufa[mr,faemf/ naeawmh

NyD;atmifudk at;at;aq;aq; a[mr,f/ [kwfvm;/ em&DMunfhMunfhae&wm/ uJ? tm;vHk; cPem; vdkufMu&atmif/

qkawmif; arwåmydkYr,f/



( om"k --- om"k --- om"k )

d







tm;vHk;aom a,m*Dtaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkY -----


,aeU 10-&ufajrmuf\ aemufqkH;aeU aemufqkH;w&m;yGJ ayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'Dw&m;pcef;yGJBuD;\ aemufqkH;

oifwef;w&m;yGJ jzpfygw,f/

tJ'Dawmh reufu w&m;ukd jyefNyD;awmh pMu&atmifaemf/ reuf wkef;u aMunmxm;wJhtwdkif;

&x0deDwokw åef ]]rlvyPÖmo ygVdawmf}} &x0deDwokwåefukd tajcjyKí bkef;BuD;pcJhNyDaemf/ 'Dokwåefa'oemukd

aus;Zl;awmf&Sif t*¾r[my@dw rkd;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a[mMum; awmfrlcJhwJh 0dok'dw&m;qkdNyD;awmh opöm

4-yg; pmtkyfBuD; (19)eJU (20)rSm 'Dw&m;awGygygw,f/ tcktzGJUcsKyfuaeNyD;awmh pmtkyftao;av;awGaygh/

wpfem&Da[mwJh0dok'd 7-yg; qkdwJh w&m;pmtkyfawG xkwfxm;wm&Sdygw,f/ tJ'D q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a[mawmfrlcJhwJh

a'oemukd tajcjyKí bkef;BuD;wkdU avhvmrSwfom;rdorQ tm;jzifh aus;Zl;qyfrSm jzpfygw,f/

tJ'Dawmh &x0deDwokw åef& J U jzpfay:vm&wJ htaMumif;r Sm reufu vnf; pcJ h Ny D;ayg haemf/

t&SifykkPÖ&[EÅmBuD;taMumif;ukdajymxm;NyDaemf a,m*DwkdU/ b,folygvdrhf/ (t&SifykkPÖ &[EÅmBuD;yg bk&m;)/ t&SifykkPÖ

taMumif; reufu pcJhw,f/ tJ'DrSmvnf; olUq&meJU olU'umeJU olUae&meJU olUw&m;eJU av;OD;av;zvS,fawGUvkdUpkH&if

w&m;&Ekdifw,fqkdwm reufu 'gav;pcJhwmayghaemf/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifhrkdU q&m&,f? 'um&,f? ae&m&,f?

w&m; &,fwJh 'gta&;BuD;ygw,f/

'Dawmh ae&mrSm? [m - t&Sifbk&m;? w&m;yJ b,ftm;xkwf tm;xkwf r&bl;vm;qkdawmh &ygw,f/

&dyfomrSm tm;xkwfvkdU&w,f/ tdrfvnf; tm;xkwfvkdU&w,f? awmxJoGm; tm;xkwfvkdU&wmyJ? w&m; b,frSmjzpfjzpf

tm;xkwfvkdU r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f bk&m;)/ tm;xkwfvkdU& w,f ajymwmaemf/ w&m;ukd aygufa&mufatmifjrifw,fvkdU

rygbl;/ (rSefvSyg)/ tm;xkwfvkdUr&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if w&m;onf ae&mwumwkdif; tm;xkwfvkdU

&yif&jim;aomfvnf;yJ aygufa&mufatmif jrifzkdUusawmh jrefwmeJUaES;wm uGmvdrhfr,f/ (rSefvSyg)/

237


'DawmhrS bkef;BuD;wkdU ]]ykaAÁp uwyknwm}}pufqkdwm a&S;u ukokdvfaumif;rIjyKcJhzl;wJhae&m aemf/

odyfta&;BuD;ygw,f a,m*DwkdU/ tJ'g eJU ywfoufNyD;awmh arwåokwf a'oemrSm bkef;BuD;wkdUjyefNyD; y&dwfBuD;

avhvm&if &[ef;awmf 500- bk&m;xH ur®|mef;w&m;awmif;NyD; awmxJ rSm w&m;tm;xkwf/ tJ'Dvkd

tm;xkwfwJhtcgusawmh [kduewfawGuae NyD;awmh trsdK;rsdK;aESmuf,Sufawmh bk&m;xH oGm;avQmufw,f/ t&Sifbk&m;

w&m;tm;xkwfvkdU rjzpfbl;/ wynfhawmfwkdUawG[m usef;rma&;awGvnf; raumif;bl;/ trsdK;rsdK;aESmuf,SufcH&wm/

tifrwef aMumufrufzG,f aumif;wJh tqif;awGukdjy toHBuD;ay;awmh tJ'geJUwif orm"dawGr&bl;/ wjznf;jznf;

rusef;rrmjzpfvmNyD/ tJ'Dawmh w&m;tm;rxkwfEkdifawmhbl; vkdU jrwfpGmbk&m;xHavQmufawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u

cspfom;wk d U? tJ'Dt&yfuk dy J oifwk d U jyef MuwJ h/ arw åokwf a[mvk dufw,f/ tJ'Dt&yfu ]]ykaA Áp

uwyknwm}}puf&SdwJhtwGuf oifwkdU tJ'Dae&mrSm &[ef;udpöNyD; vdrfhr,f wJh/ 'Dpum;vkH;av;wpfvkH;ukd

bkef;BuD;wkdUowdxm;&r,faemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ at;uGm tJ'DrSm rif;wkdUtaESmifht,Suf&Sdw,f/ wjcm;ae&moGm;MuvkdU

wpfcGef; rajymbl;aemf/ tJ'Dae&mukdyJ jyefNyD;awmhoGm;MuwJh/ ]]ykaAÁp uwyknwm}} pufqkdwm a&S;u 'Dae&mrSm

ukokdvfaumif;rIjyKcJhzl;wJh ae&mukd;/

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'Dae&mMum;vnf; rMum;zl; bl;/ odvnf; rodzl;bl;/ okdYaomf 'Dae&mrSmvmNyD;awmh tck'Da,m*DawGeJU wGJNyD;awmh

omoemjyKae&wm/ b0oHo&mrSm ukd,fhtavmif;awG 'Dae&mrSm b,favmufjrKyfcJhw,fqkdwm ajymvkdU&yghrvm;/

(r&ygbl;)/ ukd,f'Dae&m rSm b,favmufxd aecJhw,f/ b,favmufxd aocJhw,f/ ukd,hft½kd;awG 'DajrBuD;atmufrSm

b,favmuf&SdcJ hw,fqkdwm ajymvkdUr&bl;/ tJ'DvkdyJ tck w&m;emaeMuwJh 'um? 'umrawGuvnf;

a[m'Dae&mwnfhwnfh rSm rdrdwkdUtavmif;awG b0oHo&mu aumif;rIukokdvfawG bmawGvkyf cJhw,fqkdwm

ajymvkdU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ ajymvkdUr&bl;/ okdUaomf y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemuae Munhfvkduf&if taMumif;&Sd&if

tusdK;&Sdw,f/ taMumif;r&Sd&if tusdK;r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'Dukda&mufvmwmukdu taMumif;rJh r[kwfbl;/ taMumif;rJhqkd

ta[wku0g' jzpfoGm;rSmaygh/ 'Dawmh taMumif;&SdvkdU 'Dukd ra&muffbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh teD;

taMumif;? ta0;taMumif; 'DESpfaMumif;vnf; ygw,f/

teD;taMumif;taeeJYMunhfvkduf&if [m - b,foleJUb,frdwfaqG eJU b,foleJU taMumif;tusdK;qufvkdU

a&mufvmwm teD;taMumif;ukd;/ ta0;taMumif;MunhfwJhtcgusawmh wpfoHo&mvkH;u 'um? 'umrwkdU

bkef;BuD;wkdU[m aumif;rIukokdvfawG jyKwmvm;? rjyKbl;vm;/ (jyKwmyg bk&m;)/ jyKw,fqkdwJhtaMumif;ukd

&J&Jwif;wif;ajym&Jwmu 'DrSmMunhff/ t0dZÆmypö,mocFg&? ocFg&ypö,m0dnmPf/ 'DtaMumif;&Sd&if 'DtusdK; r&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'DtaMumif;&SdvkdU 'Dae&mrSm tusdK;vm jzpfw,fqkdwm xif&Sm;oGm;wmaygh/ 'guawmh

y#dpöorkyÜg'f&JUa'oemt& ayghaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tckvnf;yJ t&SifykkPÖeJU olU&JUaomif;csDwJh wynfhawG[m 'DyHkpH twkdif;yJ/ 'gaMumifh taMumif;eJUtusdK;eJU

arw åokwfrSm vmwJhtwdkif; 'Dae&mudk jyefoGm;qdkawmh tJ'Dae&mu olwdkU&JU ]]ykaAÁp uwyknwm}}

puf&SdwJhae&musawmh 'Dae&mvnf; a&mufa&m? t&iftm;xkwfwJh w&m;yJ jyeftm;xkwfvdkufwmayghav/ 0daoo

txl;jyKwmuawmh arwåmydkYwmygyJ/ 'gaMumifh a,m*DwdkY w&m;xdkifwJhtcgrSm arwåmydkY&w,faemf/ 'Dawmh arw åm

ydkYrSvnf;yJ &SdorQ or®ma'0ewfawG bmawG? &SdorQ udk,fapmifhewfawG tdrfapmifhewfawG? "r®m½HkapmifhewfawG?

ywf0ef;usif awmapmifhewf awmifapmifhewfqkdwmawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gawGu 'Dolawmfaumif;wkdY&JU

arw åmudk r&&ifolwdkYrSm tifrwef ylavmifw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkU bkef;BuD;wdkY tjrJwrf; arw åmw&m;udk

jzefUusufae&w,f/

'Dawmh rdb&JU arwåm&dyfatmufrSm ae&wJh om;orD; rat;csrf; bl;vm;/ (at;csrf;ygw,f)/ q&morm;&JU

arwåm&dyfatmufrSma&mufaewJh wynfhonf rNidrf;csrf;bl;vm;/ (Nidrf;csrf;ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk arw åm&JU

238


t&dyfonf tifrwef at;csrf;ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk at;csrf;wJh arw åmawGudk jzefU&w,f ydkY&w,f trQa0&w,fayghaemf/

tJ'gu bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DwdkYu vkyf&r,fhtvkyf/ 'Dawmh or®ma'0 ewfawGay:rSm bmvkyf& rvJ/ arwåmydkY

trQa0 'gejyK/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ udk;uG,fwJh txJyg&JUvm;/ (rygygbl;bk&m;)/ tJ'g

odyfta&;BuD;vdkY xyfwvJvJ ed*Hk;csKyf aus;Zl;jyKaewmyg/

v-aeESpfpif;xGufovv-aeESpfpif;xGufovv-aeESpfpif;xGufovv-aeESpfpif;xGufovv-aeESpfpif;xGufovdk

'DawmhrS tJ'Dvdk ae&meJU olUq&meJU 'Dawmh udk,fh&JUYyGm;rsm; tm;xkwf vmwJh w&m;qdkwm&Sdw,f/ 'Dawmh

udk,feJUvdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfwJh w&m; eJUoGm;NyD;qHk&if 'Dyk*¾dKvfonf aocsmayguf t&d,mjzpfoGm;NyD/ aomwmyef

ou'g*grf tem*grf &[EÅmjzpfoGm;NyD/ jzpfEdkifw,f/ vG,fvG,fululaygh/ &Sif;w,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh w&m;&zdkY

ae&mrSm tajccHb,fESpfcsufvJ/ (4-csufygbk&m;)/

(1) q&m&,f

(2) 'um&,f

(3) ae&m&,f

(4) w&m;&,f

tJ'gaMumifh w&m;qdkwm b,frSm tm;xkwf tm;xkwf&w,fvdkY ajymwmu vG,fvG,fajymwm/ wu,fh

wu,fusawmh enf;rSefvrf;rSef 'd|djzKwf wPSmcsKyfzdkYudk a[mEdkif ajymEdkifwJh q&m? udk,fh&JU ukodkvfaumif;rI

]]y#d½ly}} ]]ykaAÁp uwyknwm}} puf&SdwJhae&m tJ'Dvdkaygif;qHkoGm;&if 'um? 'umrawG a[m olU[mav;eJUolu

tqifrajybl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk tqifajyEdkifw,fayghaemf/ at; - tJ'Dvdk twdkif;twm&SdwJhtwGuf t&Sif ykPÖuvnf;yJ

b,favmufrsm; w&m;a[maumif;vdkufovJvdkYqdk&if ckvdk w&m; wpfyGJvmwm &[ef; 700-aomwmyef wnfatmif

a[mEdkifw,fwJh--uJ/ enf;enf;aemaem "r®uxduvm;/ "r®uxduwpfyg; ay:ayguf vmwmu ow å0gawG

csrf;omzdkYjzpfvmwm/ ckyJ t&SifykPÖ u w&m; a[maumif;vGef;wJhtcgusawmh OyrmeJU Oyar,seJU taMumif;

tusdK;awG nDatmif a[mwwfwJh tcgusawmh wpfcgwnf; w&m;wpfyGJvHk; a[mvdkuf wmeJU &[ef; 700-

aomwmyefwnfwm/ &SiftmeE´m udk,fawmf aomwm yefwnfwmu t&SifykP ÖxH w&m;emNyD;awmhwnfw,fvkdU

bkef;BuD;wkdU pmxJrSm awGUw,f/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

tJ'Davmuf w&m;a[maumif;wJ hy k* ¾ d KvfjzpfwJ htwGuf jrwfpGm bk&m;u "r®uxdut&mrSm

{w'*fxm;awmfrlw,fwJh/ w&m;a[mwJhae&m rSm tjrifhqkH; tjrwfqkH; tawmfqkH;aygh/ bk&m; {w'*fxm;wJhyk*¾dKvfBuD;

ayghaemf/ at; - tJ'geJUyJ - 'Dawmh Zmwfvrf;av; quf&atmif/

oDwif;0guRwfwJhtcgusawmh t&SiffykP Ö&[EÅmukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; jrwfpGmbk&m;xHvmNyD; tzl;ajrmft<u?

tJ'Dvkd tzl;ajrmf<uvnf; vmwJhtcg usawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;eJU tmvmyov’myavQmufxm; bk&m;zl;ajrmfvnf;

NyD;a&m jyef<uoGm;NyDayghaemf/ tJ'Dvkd jyef<uoGm;wJhtcgusawmh t&Sifom&d ykwå&mukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;&JUwynhfawGu

t&Sifbk&m;? t&Sifbk&m; odcsif ygw,fqdkwJh t&SifykPÖukd,fawmfBuD;[m <uvmNyDbk&m;/ at; - at; b,frSmvJa[h

igawGUr,fuG/ 'gayrJh 'um? 'umrawG &Sdao;&JUvm;/ (r&Sdawmhygbl; bk&m;)/ r&Sdawmhbl;bk&m;wJh/ jyef<uoGm;NyD/

]]tE0e}} awmukd jyef<uoGm;w,fwJh/ b,fawmygvdrhf/ (tE0eawmyg bk&m;)/ tJ'DawmBuD;xJukd <uoGm;awmh

t&Sifom&dykwå&mukd,fawmf BuD;u at; - tJ'Dvkdqkdvnf; igvkdufOD;r,fqkdNyD;awmh t&Sifom&dykwå&m ukd,fawmfjrwf

BuD;u aemufu<u? t&SifykP ÖqdkwJh &[EÅmukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;u a&SUu<u/ &[EÅmBuD; 2-yg; 'um? 'umrawG

a&SUqifhaemufqifh<uaeNyDayghaemf/ awmfawmfMumawmh awmav;uuG,foGm;vkduf? aysmufoGm;vkduf ajrjyifu

avQmufaewmaemf/ aumif;uifu ysHEkdifaomfvnf;yJ &[EÅmBuD;awG ajrjyif uravQmufbl;vm;/ (avQmufygw,f)/

tJ'Dvkd avQmufNyD;awmh &[EÅmBuD; 2-yg; oGm;aewm awmpyfuav;xJ0ifoGm;vkduf? NcHKykwfuav;xJ aysmufoGm;vkduf?

239


awmfMumawmh acgif;av;uay:vmvkdufeJU tJ'Dvkd &[EÅmBuD; 2-yg; <uaewm/ awmwpfae&mvnf; a&mufawmh

atmf - t&SifykPÖ &[EÅmukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;u 'Dawm 'Dae&m tifrwef at;csrf; w,f/ qdwfNidrfwJhae&ma&mufNyDvkdU

ygvmwJh tcif;av; cif;NyD; zvormywf 0ifpm;aewmygyJ/ bmygvJ/ (zvormywf0ifpm;wmygbk&m;)/

zvormywf0ifpm;aew,fqkdwmu 'D½kyf 'Demrf 'DcEm&SdvsufeJU edAÁmefcsrf;omukd tm½kHjyKaewmvkdU em;vnfyg/

'gzvormywf0ifpm; w,fvkdU ac:w,fayghaemf/ 'Dae&mrSm bkef;BuD;wkdU eda&m"ormywfwkdU zvormywfwkdU

qkdwm &Sdw,f/ eda&m"ormywfqkdwm 7-&uf jynfhatmif 0ifpm;&w,f/ 7-&uf jynfhawmhrS xçw,f/

zvormywfuawmh ,ck 0ifpm;w,f/ ,ckjzKwfvkdY&w,f/ eda&m"ormywf0ifpm;aewJhtcsdefqkd 'D&[EÅmBuD;awG

toufawmif r½Ibl;/ tJ'Dae&mrSm rD;½IdUvkdUvnf; rao bl;/ bmeJUyJjzpfjzpf raobl;aemf/ A[kokw wpfckajym&&if

b ke f ; Bu D ;w k d U pmxJr Sm awG Uwmayg haem f / e da&m"ormywf& J Uti ftm;aumi f ;y k H - [kwfvm;/

&Sifom&dykwå&mukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;u eda&m"ormywf0ifpm;aew,fqkdawmh 'DvGifwD;acgifrSmayghav/ vGifwD;acgifrSm

eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;aewkef;rSm bDvl;wpfaumif[m tem;a&mufvmw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'D bDvl;u 'DrSm

&Sifom&dykwå&mukd,fawmfjrwfBuD; eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;aewm jrifwJhtcg usawmh bmrqkdif nmrqkdif wif;ykwfeJU

xkw,f/ pmxJrSm twdtusaemf/ [kd-eda&m" ormywf0ifpm;wJh owå dudk A[kokwtaeeJUajymwmyg/ 'gayrJh

&Sifom&dykwå&mukdf,f awmfjrwfBuD; rodbl; a,m*DwkdU/ bDvl;\wif;ykwfeJU xkwJhtm;ukd od&JUvm;/ (rodygbl;

bk&m;)/ tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm rD;½IdUvnf; ravmifbl;/ wif;ykwfeJU xkvnf; rodbl;/ 'Davmufxdatmif owå d&Sdw,f/

eda&m"ormywfu 7-&ufjynfhatmif 0ifpm;&w,f/ 'Dawmh t&yfpum;&Sdw,f aemf/ xrif; touf 7-&uf

qk dwm r&S dbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvk d 7-&uf0ifpm;wJ h eda&m" ormywfu xNyD;awmh tJ'Dtcs de ftcgrSm

tOD;qkH;qGrf;avmif;&wJhyk*¾dKvfu csufcsif;csrf;omw,f/ csufcsif;csrf;omwm/

'Dawmh - t&Sifr[muóy ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;rsm;vnf; eda&m" ormywf rMumrMum0ifpm;w,f/

tJ'Dvkd 0ifpm;NyD; xNyD; ig'DaeU b,folU csD;ajr§muf&rvJvkdU oluÓmPfeJUMunfhvkdufwmaygh/ tbdnmOfeJU Munhfvdkuf

wmav/ 'DaeUawmh igb,folUawmh csD;ajr§mufOD;rSayghqkdNyD; tJ'DrSm oGm;qGrf; cHwmyJ/ 'Dvkdjzifh &[EÅmBuD;awG

vmNyD;qGrf;cHwm bmvkyfwmvJ/ csD;ajr§muf wmaemf/ 'g - t&Sifr[muóyBuD;&JUtaMumif;? 'um? 'umrawGvnf;

Mum;zl;om;yJ - [kwfvm;/ eda&m" ormywfuvnf; xvnf;xa&m ig'DaeU b,folUcsD;ajr§muf&rvJqkdawmh

[kdrSm v,folrav; oGm;awGUw,f/ v,folrav; csD;ajr§mufzkdU ÓmPfxJrSmjrifaomfvnf;yJ o'g&SdrS csD;ajr§muf

vkdU&wm/ o'gw&m;r&Sd&if csD;ajr§mufzkdU oGm;tvSLcHw,f/ uefawmhqGrf; avmif;vkduf&if cufNyD/ b,fvkdvkyf

BuD;yGm;rvJaemf/ 'gaMumifhrkdU a,m*D wkdU ukd,fha&SUrsm; vmtvSLcHvkdU uefawmhqGrf;b,fawmhrS ravmif;ygeJU

qkdwm tPkjrLvufeufxuf aMumufp&maumif;wJh uefawmhqGrf; vufeuf? &Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'Dawmh

v,folrav;qDukd oGm;NyD;awmh qGrf;cHawmh [kdu o'gw&m;&Sdawmh &SdwJhrkefUav;awG vSLvkduf wmyJ/ 'Dawmh

wefzkd; &Sdvm;? bmrSwefzkd;r&Sdbkl;/ a[m-vSLvkdufawmh 'gejzpfoGm;NyD/ 'ge jzpfoGm;wm/ tJ'Duav;rav;

'gejzpfoGm;wm/

&[EÅmBuD;vnf; jyef<uoGm;NyD; odyfrMumbl;/ tJ'Duav;rav; vnf; v,fuefoif;ay:avQmuf&if;eJU

wpfae&mvnf;a&mufa&m a>rayguf vkdufwm aoa&m - aemf/ aoawmh &[EÅmBuD;udk vSLwJhukokdvf r&bl;

vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ tJ'DukokdvfeJU 'dkfif;qkd ewfjynfrSm 'um? 'umrawG ewforD; jzpfwm/ vmZmewforD;&,fvkdU

"r®y'rSm aoaocsmcsm vm w,f/ tJ'Dawmh csufcsif; tusdK;ay;wmayghaemf/ tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm 7-

&uftwGif; (0g) 7-v twGif;a&Trkd;aiGrkd;&GmwJhtusdK;ay;wm/ tJ'g &[EÅm BuD;awGu ukd,fucsD;ajr§mufxkdufwJhyk*¾dKvfukd

oGm;NyD;csD;ajr§mufwJhoabm/ eda&m"ormywfeJUywfoufNyD;awmh A[kokwaygh - [kwfvm;/

tck - &[EÅmBuD;awGu t&SifykP ÖwkdYu zvormywf0ifpm;w,f aygh/ zvormywf0ifpm;awmh

xcsifwJhtcsdef xvkdU&w,f/ jzKwfcsifwJh tcsdefjzKwfvkdU&w,f/ tJ'DawmhrS &Sifom&dykwå&mukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;uvnf;yJ

240


wpfcgwnf; awmxJrSmoGm;NyD;awmh olvnf; zvormywf0ifpm;&if igvnf; zvormywf0ifpm;OD;r,fqkdawmh

&[EÅmBuD; 2-yg; awmxJrSm wpfcgwnf; rSukd aeBuD; 2-pif;xGufovkd vBuD; 2-pif;xGufovkdyJwJh/ wifhw,f

vkdufwmayghaemf/ zvormywf psmef0ifpm;rI r&Sdbl;qkd&if olvkd ukd,fvkd omref&[ef;wpfyg;ygyJ/

tJ'Dawmh psmef0ifpm;wJhtcgusawmh udavomawGu Nidrf;csKyfNyD; awmh tifrwef pifMu,faewmaygh./

'Dawmh ar;p&m&Sdw,f/ &[EÅmawGu eda&m"ormywfxrS zvormywfxrS pifMu,fovm;vkdU ar;p&m&Sdw,f

aygh/ 'Dawmh Oyrmav;eJUajymrS &Sif;w,f/ a&Tqkdwm[m 'um? 'umrawG b,fawmhrS rysufrpD;bl;ayghaemf/

okdUaomfvnf;yJ tJ'Da&Tukd xyfNyD;awmh yGwfvkduf wkdufvkduf&if rajymifbl;vm;/ (ajymifygw,f bk&m;)/ a&Tawmh

a&TyJaygh/ yGwfvkduf wkdufvkdufwJhtcgrSm ykdNyD;ajymifwmayghaemf - [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh &[EÅmBuD;rsm; udavom

e*kdxJupifjyD;om;jzpfwJhtwGuf a&Tvkd ajymifNyD;om;yg;/ okdUaomf tJ'Da&Tukd xyfNyD;awmh yGwfvkdufawmh ykdNyD;awmh

rajymifbl;vm;/ (ajymifygw,f bk&m;)/ cke eda&m"ormywf? zvorm ywfqkdwmvnf; 'DoabmrsdK;ygyJvkdU

bkef;BuD;wkdU Mum;zl;em;0 &Sdygw,f/

rd k;awG&Gmaew,frd k;awG&Gmaew,frd k;awG&Gmaew,frd k;awG&Gmaew,frd k;awG&Gmaew,f

at; - tJ'DawmhrS &[EÅmBuD; 2-yg; zvormywf0ifpm;vnf; NyD;a&m zvormywfuae xMuwmaygh/

t&Sifom&dykwå&mu tck igh&Sifukd awGUcsifvGef;vkdU igvkdufvmwmwJh/ &Sifom&dykwå&mu tBuD;tuJ? rmefrme

r&Sdbl;/ igh&SifukdawGUcsifvGef;vkdU vkdufvmwmwJh/ uJ - 'kdU&[EÅmBuD; 2-yg; tar;tajz vkyfMu&atmifwJh/

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aemifvmaemuf om;rsm;twGuf/ b,folUtwGufvJ/ (aemifvmaemufom;rsm;twGufygbk&m;)/ 'kdU&[EÅm 2-yg;

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0drkwå d,k*acwf wpfywfjyef

y&rwfoH Mum;&csnfhao;/

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y&rwfoHMum;&csnfhao;}} qkdwJhwabmifbkef;BuD;wkdYjrefrmEkdifiHrSm &Sdw,faygh./

tif;uef;awmh iSufus

iSufusawmh v,fwD

v,fwDawmh xGefqif;

xGefqif;awmh rkd;&Gm

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241


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tif;uef;awmh iSufus

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pmom;av;awG/ uJ xm;awmh/

242


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onf taMumif;vm;? tusdK;vm;? (taMumif;yg bk&m;)/ taMumif;? ork', qkd&ifolU&JU tusdK;/ ('ku©opömygbk&m;)/

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edAÁmefukd jrifEkdifyghrvm;/ (rjrifEkdif ygbl; bk&m;)/ odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/ 'Dae&mrSm t,ltqrwwf&if 'gey,f?

oDvy,fqkdwmawGu vmwwfw,f/ tck 'ge? oDvy,fwm yg&JUvm;/ (ryg-ygbl; bk&m;)/ olwkdYrygvkdU rjzpfbl;/

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(wuf&ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh-avScg;xpfukd wpfxpfpD wpfxpfpD ausmfeif;NyD;awmhrS 'Dukd a&mufvmwm/ a[m'D

oDvonf wjcm;eJUwlwmvm;/ avScg;xpfeJU wlwmvm;? (avScg;xpfeJU wlwmygbk&m;)/ 'DavScg;xpfuae

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tJ'Dvkdqkd&if igh&Sif? oDv0dok'd oDvpifMu,fjcif;tvkdUiSm omoem 0ifvmwmvm;qkdawmh oDv0dok'dukd

ajymwm/ bm 0dok'dukd ajymwmvJ/ (oDv0dok'dyg bk&m;)/

243


'Dvkdjzifh igh&Sifu oDv0dok'dtvkdUiSm omoem0ifvmwm r[kwf bl;qkdvkdU&Sd&if aemufwpfck ar;OD;r,f/

(2) pdwå0dok'dukd ar;w,f/

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tm;xkwfaewJhtcgusawmh tif;-'DaeY b,folawmh vmvdrfhr,f/ pdwfxJrSm xifvdkuf a[m-odyfrMumbl;/

a&mufvmwmyJ/ tJ'Dvdk MumMumBuD; 'Dw&m;awG tm;xkwfwJhtcgusawmh jAKef;ceJ ukd,fhukd,fukd b0ifawmif

jrifhcsifovdk jzpfvmw,f/ tjrifayguf ovdkvdk tMum;aygufovdkvdk/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ tJ'g wjcm;owåddvm;?

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244


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r[kwfao;bl;wJh/

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'd|djyKwfygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh

tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|djyKwftysufudk jrif&if oów'd|djyKwf

tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|djyKwftysufudk jrif&if oów'd|djyKwf

tysufudk jrif&if oów'd|djyKwf

tjzpfudk jrif&if Oapä''d|djyKwftjzpfudk jrif&if Oapä''d|djyKwf

tjzpfudk jrif&if Oapä''d|djyKwftjzpfudk jrif&if Oapä''d|djyKwf

tjzpfudk jrif&if Oapä''d|djyKwf

cEcE

cEcE

cE ¨¨ ¨¨ ¨mudk jrif&if ouúm,'d|djyKwfmudk jrif&if ouúm,'d|djyKwf

mudk jrif&if ouúm,'d|djyKwfmudk jrif&if ouúm,'d|djyKwf

mudk jrif&if ouúm,'d|djyKwf

tJ'Dawmh a,m*DwdkY 9-&ufvHk;vHk; ,aeUtygt0if 10-&uf vHk;vHk; 'd|djzKwfcef;yJ oifae&wm/

bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh aomwmyefjzpfcsif&if bmudky,f&rvJ/ ('d|dudky,f&ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'd|d? 0dpdudpäm/ 'd|dy,f&if

0dpdudpäm y,fygw,f? [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'DOpömudk 10-&ufvHk;vHk; a,m*DwdkYudk oifxm;wm? [kwfvm;/ tck

todeJU rjzKwfbl;vm;/ todeJU jzKwfaew,fqdkawmh? todeJUjyKwf½Hkqdkawmh wjcm;vm;? plVaomwmyef vm;/

(plVaomwmyefygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh tcka,m*Dwdk Y 'd|dudk aeUwdkif; todeJUtyGm;eJU rjzKwf bl;vm;/ (jzKwfygw,fbk&m;)/

todeJUjzKwfaew,f/ tyGm;eJYjzKwfaew,f/

ty,feJUawmh rjzKwfEdkifao;bl;/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk 'd|dudk todav;eJU jzKwfEdkif½Hk tyGm;eJUjzKwfEdkif½HktwGuf

'um?'umrawG omoem0ifvmwm vm;qdk&if r[kwfygbk&m;/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/

(4) uJ'Dvdkjzifh&if igh&Sif eHygwf av;ar;cGef;ar;r,f/ bmar;cGef;/ (eHygwfav; ar;cGef;ygbk&m;)/

eHygwf av;ar;cGef;u ucFg0dw&P0dok'dudkar;ygw,f/ vdkufqdk/ (ucFg0dw&P0dok' d)/ ucFg0dw&P0dok' d

qdkwm ucFgqdkwm ,HkrSm;jcif;/ bmygvdrhf/ (,HkrSm;jcif;)/ 0dw&Pqdkwm vGefajrmufwm/ 0dok'du pifMu,f wm/

,HkrSm;jcif;rSvGefajrmufpifMu,fjcif;/ ucFg0dw&P 0dok'dudkjrefrmvdk teufjyefvdkufawmh b,fvdkjyefrvJ/ ,HkrSm;jcif;rS

vGefajrmuf pifMu,f oGm;NyD/ tJ'g ygVdvdku ucFg0dw&P0dok'¨ d/ teufjyefvdkufawmh ,HkrSm;jcif;rS

vGefajrmufpifMu,foGm;NyD/ tJ'gjrefrmpum; jrefrmem;rvnfbl;/ em;rvnfbl;/

,HkrSm;jcif;rS vGefajrmufpifMu,foGm;w,fqdkwm bmt"dyÜg,f ,lNyD;awmh bmMunfh&rSef;rod&bl;aemf/

,HkrSm;jcif;rS vGefajrmufpifMu,f oGm;w,fqdkawmh tck a,m*DwdkY ,HkrSm;w,f qdkwmu? tif;- [kwfrS [kwfyghrvm;/

rSefrS rSefyg hrvm;/ tJ'g bmjzpfwmvJ/ (,H krSm;w,f)/ ,HkrSm;wm? oHo,jzpfwm/ bmjzpfwmvJ/

(oHo,jzpfwmygbk&m;)/ oHo,jzpfwm ,HkrSm;wm t"dyÜg,f twlwlyJaemf/

245


tJ'Dawmh oHo, jzpfw,f ,HkrSm;w,fqdkwmuvnf; 0dpdudpäm ygyJ/ 'Dvdkjzifh 0dpdudpäm bmaMumifhjzpfwmvJ

vmawmhr,f/ 0dpdudpäm bmaMumifhjzpfwmvJ qdkwm a,m*DwdkYudk y#dpöorkyÜg'fawG oifcJhNyDaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f

oifcJhwJh tcgusawmh vlbmaMumifhjzpfovJ -- a[m/ vlonf taz taraMumifh jzpfovdkvdk t"dyÜg,f/

odkUaomf rjynfhpHkbl;/ [m-bk&m;ocifu zefwD;ovdkvdk? odMum;uyJ zefwD;ovdkvdk/ jA[®muyJ arG;xkwfovdkvdk?

ovdkvdk ovdkvdkawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ wduswJh pum;vm;? rwduswJh pum;vm;/ (rwduswJhpum;ygbk&m;)/

rwduswm onf wjcm;vm;? oHo,vm;/ (oHo,ygbk&m;)/ tif; [kdvkdvm;? 'Dvdkvm; qdkwJh ESpfcGpdwfonf

oHo,/ tJ'DoHo,udkbmwJh/ (0dpdudpäm)/ 'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemudk oifvdkufwJhtcgusawmh 'um? 'umrwdkY

vlyJjzpfjzpf? ewfyJjzpfjzpf? b,folurS zefqif;vdkY jzpfvmwmr[kwfbl;/ rdrdjyKcJhwJh taMumif;w&m;aMumifh

jzpfay:aom tusdK;w&m;/ odkYjzifh taMumif;w&m; udkMunfhwJhtcgusawmh a[m[dk;vGefcJhwJh twdwfumvwkef;u

taMumif; w&m; b,fESyg;vkyfvJ/ (5-yg;)/ jcif;&m ESpfq,feJUMunfh&if taMumif; w&m; b,fESyg;vkyf/ (5-yg;)

5-yg; Munfhprf;yg/ bmawGvJ/ t0dZÆm? ocFg&? wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0? b,fESyg;/ (5-yg;)/ [kwfNyD/

'goifcJhNyD;NyD/ tpaeUuwnf;u oifcJhNyD;NyD/ tJ'D taMumif;w&m; 5-yg;vkyfawmh tusdK;w&m; b,fESyg; &vJ/

(5-yg;)/ 5-yg;u bmawGvJ/ 0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'em/ odk Y jzif h [dk5-yg;u

b,fwkef;uvkyfcJhwmvJ/ (vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumv)/ taMumif;vm;? tusdK;vm;/ (taMumif;)/ opömzGJU?

(ork', opöm)/ taMumif; ork',opöm? [dk;twdwfumvu 'D 5-yg; vkyfcJhvdkU tusdK;'ku©opöm? cE ¨m 5-

yg;&w,f/ 'Dawmh tJ'D cEm 5-yg;onf a,musfm; vnf; cEm b,fESyg;/ (5-yg;)/ rdef;rvnf; cE ¨mb,f ESyg;/

(5-yg;)/ ewfvnf; cEmb,fESyg;/ (5-yg;)/ &SdorQ owå0gawG cE¨m b,fESpfyg; (5-yg;)/ [dkbuf jA[®mawGom

{ua0g[m& pwka0g[m& yOöa0g[m& &Sdwmudk;/ cEmwpfyg;wnf; &SdwJh jA[®mvnf;&Sdw,f/ cEm 4-yg;&Sdwm&Sdw,f/

cE¨m 5-yg;qdkwm&Sdw,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh vlrSeforQ wd&pämef rSeforQ ewfrSeforQ cEmb,fESpfyg;/ (5-yg;)/ 5-

yg;csnf;yJ/ [dkujA[®mudpö xm;vdkufaemf/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk cEm5-yg;[m rdk;ay:u usvmwmvm;? tusdK;w&m;vm;/

(tusdK;w&m;ygbk&m;)/ bk&m;ocif tvdkawmfusvm;? tusdK;w&m;vm;/ (tusdK;w&m;yg bk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if

tJ'DtusdK;w&m;onf bm&SdvdkY? tusdK;w&m;jzpfwmvJ/ (taMumif;w&m;&SdvdkYygbk&m;)/

taMumif;w&m;&SdvdkU tusdK;w&m;jzpfw,f/ a[m -- 'Dvdkjzifh&if 'Dopöm'DcEm 5-yg;qdkwJh a,musfm;

rdef;r yk*¾dKvfowå0gvdkUac:aewJh cEm 5-yg;BuD;[m 'DtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh 'DtusdK;&wmyJqdkawmh bmaMumifh

ygvdrfhvJyJqdkwJh a,m*DwdkY oHo,&Sdao;vm;/ (r&Sdawmh ygbl;bk&m;)/ a[m 'Dvdkjzifh oHo, r&Sdbl;qdkvdkU&Sd&if

wjcm;aowmvm;? 0dpdudpäm aowmvm;/ (0dpdudpäm aowmygbk&m;)/ uJb,favmuf 0rf;omp&m aumif;vdkufovJ/

y#dpöorkyÜg'f taMumif;udk od½HkeJU 0dpdudpämaooGm;NyD/ 0dpdudpämonf r*fwm;? zdkvfwm; tyg,fudkusr,fhw&m;/

(rSefvSyg)/ tJ'D w&m;BuD;onf wpfoufvHk; u 'um? 'umrawG &Sif;ay;r,hf vif;ay;r,fh q&morm;eJU

rqHkwJhtcg usawmh tjrJwrf; oHo,jzpfaewm/ bmaMumifhygvdrfhrvJqdkwm rvm bl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'D oHo,onf uHtay:rSm oHo,jzpfvdkY vnf;yJ ed,wrdpäm'd|djzpfwmaygh/ udk,fh[mudk,f BuD;yGm;wm wdk;wufwm

qdkwm udk,fBudK;pm; jyKvkyfwJh 0D&d,awG o'gawG udk,fjyKcJhwJh 'geawG? oDvawGudk ab;csdwf NyD;awmhrS [dk[maMumifh

'D[maMumifh qdkwm taMumif; y,f&m ra&mufbl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,f bk&m;)/ t"dutaMumif;y,f oGm;w,f

qdkwmu oHo,0ifwmav/ (rSefvSyg)/ tJ'gwjcm;vm;? 0dpdudpämvm;/ (0dpdudpäm ygbk&m;)/

tckawmh vl&,fvdkY pjzpfNyDqdkuwnf;u 'DtaMumif;aMumifh tusdK; jzpfwmyJ odvdkufawmh taMumif;ay:rSm

ÓmPf&Sif;oGm;&if wjcm;aowmvm;? 0dpdudpäm aowmvm;/ (0dpdudpäm aowmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if taMumif;

aMumifh jzpfaom tusdK;/ tusdK;qkdawmh tusdK;ay:rSm ÓmPf&Sif;awmh 'd|drjyKwfbl;vm;/ (jyKwfygw,f)/ 'g

tpuwnf;u bkef;BuD;wdkY oifcJhNyD aemf/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; 'Dtwdkif;rdefUoGm;NyD? [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh taMumif;onf

wjcm;vm;? y#dpövm;/ (y#dpöygbk&m;)/ tusdK;onf wjcm; vm;/ orkyÜg'fvm;/ (orkyÜg'fygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh

246


taMumif;eJUtusdK; qdkwJh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudkod&if uJ 'um?'umrawG bmrsm; oHo,&Sdao;ovJ/ (r&Sdawmhygbl;bk&m;)/

a,m*Dwpfa,muf[m udk,fhudk,fudk oHo,vGwfoGm;NyDqdk Nidrf; oGm;NyD/ csufcsif; Nidrf;oGm;wm/ EdkYrdkU&if

udk,ftm;xkwfaewJh tvkyfay:rSm oHo,0ifw,f/ udk,fjyKaewJh 'getay:rSm oHo,0ifw,f/ b,favmuf

xd aMumufp&maumif;ovJqdk&if 'geonf raumif;usdK;ay;rSmvm;/ aumif;usdK;ay;rSmvm;/ (aumif;usdK;ay;rSmygbk&m;)/

aumif;usdK; ay;r,f qdkawmh bk&m;vnf;a[mw,f/ vufawGU vkyf&ifvnf; odw,f/ odkUaomf wpfcgwpfavusawmh

aMumufp&modyfaumif;w,f/ 'um? 'umrawG 'D0dpdudpämrsm;aemf/ ig 'DavmufvSLwef;NyD;awmh aumif;aumif;

vnf;ae aumif;aumif;vnf;vkyfaeygvsuf ightusdK;ay;uvnf; raumif; vdkufwm a[m/ 'gawG vkyfaevdkYrsm;

jzpfa&mvm;qdkawmh/ uJ 'um? 'umrawG rembl;vm;/ (emygw,fbk&m;)/ odyfaMumufp&m aumif;w,faemf/

0dpdudpämaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

tc s d K U r s m ;' D avmu f v S Lwe f ;ay ;ur f ;ae&u f Mum ;x Juae [m [ d ku dp ö r s m ;

'DavmufvSLwef;ay;urf;ae&ufMum;xJuae [m [dkudpö 'Dudpö tqifrajybl; qdkawmh 'gawGyJ vSL'gef;aevdkU

'Daumif;rIawGyJvkyfaevdkU 'Dvdkw&m;awGyJ tm;xkwfaevdkUjzpfa&mvm; qdkwJhoHo,awmif0ifEdkifwm/

'Dvkdjzifh&if ,aeU'ge oDv bm0emqdkwJh ukodkvfaumif;rIonf raumif;usdK;ay;rSmvm;/ aumif;usdK;ay;rSmvm;/

(aumif;usdK;ay;rSmygbk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh 'DyHkaoenf;udk taoudkifxm;&ygw,f a,m*DwdkY/

'Dvdkjzifh ar;p&m&Sdw,f/ t&Sifbk&m; tJ'Dvdk ukodkvf aumif;rI vkyfaew,f? wpfcgwav tppt&m&m

tqifrajybl;/ pdwfqif;&J p&mawG&Sdw,f/ 'gawGu rMumrMum rjzpfwwfbl;vm;/ (jzpfwwfygw,f bk&m;)/

jzpfwwfwmu 'um?'umrawG udk,fjyKwJh ukodkvfaumif;rIawGeJU bmrS rywfoufbl;/ &Sif;NyD;aemf/

tJ'Dtcgusawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*Drsm;u aZm7-Budrfudk em;vnf &w,f/ 'Dw&m;udk [dkaeUuvnf;

wpfcgajymNyD;NyD/ xyfNyD;awmh owd ay;ygOD;r,faemf/ aZm 7-BudrfrSm yxraZm 'd|"r®a0'eD,uHonf 7-&uf?

7-v? 7-ESpftwGif; tusdK;ray;bl;vm;/ (ay;ygw,f)/ raumif;rI vkyf&ifvnf; 7-&uf? 7-v? 7-ESpf

twGif;tusdK;ay;wm? aumif;rI vkyf&ifvnf; 7-&uf? 7-v? 7-ESpf twGif; tusdK;ay;wm? bk&m;

udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;awmifrSyJ 'um? 'umrawG 0#fcH&wmygyJ? [kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh t&Sifarm*¾vmefudk,fawmfBuD;

olcdk;½dkufcH&wm 'g--0#fvdkufw,f vdkYac:ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh olUaZmeJUol tusdK;ay;wmav;udk em;vnf xm;&if

a,m*DwdkY b,fae&mrSmrS oHo,r&Sdawmhbl;/ tck[mu 'DoHo, 0dpdudpämu 0ifwwfvGef;vdkY owday;aewmaemf/

(rSefvSyg)/ igb,favmuf yJaumif;wmvkyfaeae bmwpfckrS tqifrajybl;qdk&if aumif;wJh tvkyf awGudkyJ

vTifhypfvdkuf&awmhrvdkvdk/ tJ'Dvdk oHo,vnf; 0ifwwfygw,f/ 'gu-'ge oDveJUywfoufwJh oHo,/

w&m;tm;xkwfwmeJU ywfoufwJh tcgusawmh 'Dw&m;udk aoao csmcsmtm;xkwfaeygw,f/ q&morm;u

'Dvdktm;xkwfqdkawmh tm;om tm;xkwfaew,f bmrSvnf;rawGUbl;qdkawmh 'Dw&m;[kwfrS [kwfyghrvm; jzpfvma&m

a[m/ oHo, jzpfvmwmayghaemf/

tJ'Dvdk jzpfrSmpdk;vdkU 'um? 'umrwdkY -

vrf;qHk;ra&muf vufrajrvrf;qHk;ra&muf vufrajr

vrf;qHk;ra&muf vufrajrvrf;qHk;ra&muf vufrajr

vrf;qHk;ra&muf vufrajr §§ §§ §muf awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/muf awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/

muf awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/muf awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/

muf awmufavQmufyGm;&rnf/

qdkwJh aqmifyk'fuav; r&Sdbl;vm;/ (&Sdygw,f)/ r&rcsif;tm;xkwf cifAsm;wdkY vrf;ay:udk wnfhxm;NyD;NyD/

udk,fhaqGawmfrsdK;awmfawG? 'um? 'umrawG ponfjzifhayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh vrf;udkwnfhxm;NyD;NyDqdkawmh 'Dvrf;udk

aoao csmcsm oHo,uif;atmif q&morm;u xyfwvJvJ xyfwvJvJ r&Sif; bl;vm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ 'Dawmh

a[m'DrSmMunfh y#dpöorkyÜg'f/ 'gaMumifh 'gjzpfw,f/ 'Dawmh 'DvdkjzwfvdkY&Sd&if 'gjywfoGm;r,fvdkY wpfcgwnf;udk

om"ueJU obm0 r&Sif;bl;vm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ t J' Dv d k & S i f ;xm;w J htc gusawm h o Ho,

r&Sdawmhbl;ayghaemf/ tJ'gaMumifh ckeajymovdk oHo,qdkwm wjcm;vm;/ 0dpdudpämvm;/ (0dpdudpämygbk&m;)/ ,HkrSm;jcif;vdkY

ac:wmaygh/ tJ'gaMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;rvnf&if ucFg0dw&P 0dok'djzpfoGm;NyD/ ,HkrSm;jcif;rS vGefajrmufoGm;NyDudk

247


ajymwm/ tJ'Dawmh ucFg0dw&P 0dok'd qdkwm y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnfw,fvdkY 'gav;rSwfxm;vdkuf/ EdkYrdkU jrefrmpum;

jrefrmem;rvnfbl;jzpfaer,faemf/

ucFg0dw&P0dok'donf bmudk em;vnf&rvJ/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk em;vnf&rSmygbk&m;/ tJ'Dvdk y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk

em;vnf&if 'um? 'umrawG rpifMu,fbl;vm;/ (pifMu,fygw,fbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if y#dpöorkyÜg'f em;vnfzdkYqdkawmh

tck bkef;BuD;wdkY 0dok'd 4-yg;&vmNyDaemf/ (rSefvSyg)/

(1) eHygwf oDv0dok'¨ d/

(2) eHygwf pdwå0dok'¨ d/

(3) eHygwf 'd|d0dok'd/

(4) eHygwf ucFg0dw&P0dok'¨ d/

a[m - 'um? 'umrawG tJ'gu y#dpöorkyÜg'foifaeNyD/ 'DawmhrS 'DucFg0dw&P0dok' ¨ d tvdkUiSm igh&Sif

omoem0ifvmwmvm; qdkawmh ]]aem £'H baEÅ}} r[kwfao;bl;vkdY ajymvdkufwm/ 'DavmufeJU

0ifvmwm r[kwfao;bl;wJh/

'Dvdkjzifh&if igh&Sifudk aemufwpfckar;OD;r,fwJh/ 'um? 'umrawG bmudkar;wmvJ (eHygwf 5-ygbk&m;)/

(5) eHygwf ig;u bmar;wmvJqdkawmh r*¾gr*¾ÓmP 'óe 0dok'd/ [kwfNyD/ tJ'gu bkef;BuD;wdkY ygVdawmf

twdkif;&GwfoGm;wmayghaemf/

r*¾gr*¾qdkwmu r*¾ tr*¾/ ESpfvHk;aemf/ r*¾gr*¾u o'´genf;eJU wpfckcsif;cGJvdkufawmh r*¾ tr*¾aemf/

(t)u (r)aemf/ r*¾qdkwmu vrf;/ 'g r*¾gr*¾qdkwm t"dyÜg,f&Sif;oGm;NyD/ vrf;rSef vrf;rSm;/ ÓmPu ÓmPf/

'óeu tjrif/ 0dok'dupifMu,f wm/ b,fESpfvHk;vJ/ (5-vHk;)/ tJ'Dawmh r*¾gr*¾ÓmP'óe 0dok'¨ d qdkawmh

vrf;rSefeJU vrf;rSm;udk odwJhÓmPf tjriff pifMu,foGm;NyD/ 'DygVdudk teufjyefvdkufwm 'Dvdkjyefygw,f/ uJ--

vdkufqdk/ vrf;rSefESifh vrf;rSm;udk odwJhÓmPf tjrifpifMu,foGm;NyD/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh odrIpifMu,foGm;NyDaemf/

tJ'Dawmh tjrifBuD;vdkY t&yfpum;vHk;eJU t&yfem; eJUqdk bmrS em;rvnfbl;/ t"dyÜg,fudk,lvdkY rwwfbl;ayghaemf/

pum;rSef\/ ÓmPfrrD xdatmifolrodwJh/

'Dpm rrSefbl;vm;/ (rSefygw,f)/ rSefvdkufwmrS 'um? 'umrawG aoao csmcsmudk rSefwJhw&m;/ odkUaomf

udk,fu r,lwwfbl;aemf/ r,lwwfwJh tcgusawmh oabmudkrrDawmhbl;/ oabm[kwfrS avmukwfqdkawmh/

oabmarh&if b,fvdkenf;eJUrS r*fÓmPf zdkvfÓmPf r&Edkifbl;/ 'Dawmh oabmw&m;udk em;vnfzkdYa[mwJh q&m

odyfta&;BuD;w,f/ (rSefvSyg)/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/

t&Sdjzpfysuf? todr*t&Sdjzpfysuf? todr*t&Sdjzpfysuf? todr*t&Sdjzpfysuf? todr*t&Sdjzpfysuf? todr*f

'Dawmh r*¾gr*¾ ÓmP'óe0dok'd qkdwm[m wjcm;ajymwm r[kwfbl;/ vrf;rSefeJU vrf;rSm;udk cGJjcm;NyD;awmh

odwJhÓmPf tjrifpifMu,f oGm;w,f qdkawmh vrf;rSef&,f vrf;rSm;&,f/ 'Day:rSm udk,fudk,fwdkif tjrifpifMu,f&r,f/

bmvkyf&rvJ/ (udk,fwkdiftjrifpifMu,f&ygr,f bk&m;)/ tjrifpifMu,f &r,fqdkawmh tck a,m*DwdkY½Iaewm[m

wpfavmuvHk;udk t½Icdkif;wmvm;? udk,fhcEmxJudk,f t½Icdkif;wmvm;/ olrsm;qDu r*¾if iSm;½Iwmvm;/ (udk,fydkifr*¾ifeJU

½Iwmygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzif h&if udk,fyd kifr*¾ifeJU ½Iw,fqdkwmu 'Dtw åabmBuD;½Iaewm vm;/ cE ¨m½Iaewmvm;/

(cEm½Iaewmygbk&m;)/ b,fcE ¨mvJ/ (y#dpöorkyÜg'f cE¨m)/ bkef;BuD;wdkYt&yfajym ajym?acG;ra[mifwJh cEmaygh/

bmcEmvJ/ (acG;ra[mifwJh cEmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if Ak'bmom wpfa,mufjzpfNyD; tJ'DcEmudk rjrif&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfu

atmufwef;pm;yJ/ 'gvnf; ajymcJhNyD;NyD ayghaemf/ 'Dawmh y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk oifwJhtcgusawmh aMomf y#dpöorkyÜg'f

cE¨mu 'Dvdkay:w,f/ jrifwkdif; y#dpöorkyÜg'fcEm/ Mum;wdkif; eHwkdif; arT;wdkif; pm;wdkif; 0wfwkdif; MuHpnfwdkif; cEm

248


b,fESyg; ay:vJ/ (5-yg;)/ aMomf cEm 5-yg;? cE¨m 5-yg;qdkwm onf;cHNyD;awmh jznf;jznf;csif; jrifatmif

Munfh&wmudk;/ tJ'DawmhrS tJ'D cE ¨m 5-yg;u olrsm;ajymvdk Y jrif&rSmvm;/ udk,fwk dif jrif&rSmvm;/

(udk,fwkdifjrif&rSmygbk&m;)/ ]]oEd|daum}}aemf/ udk,fwkdifudk,fus jrif&r,f/

tJ'DcE ¨m 5-yg;udk b,ftcsdefjzpfjzpf MunfhMunfh? Munhf&if rjrif bl;vm;/ (jrifygw,fbk&m;)/

tcsdefra&G;MunfhvdkY&w,faemf/ ]]tumvdaum}} aemf/ ]]{[d yódaum}} qdkawmh cEmawGu olwdkYudk Munfhprf;yg/

r*¾ifudkac:wm/ rac:bl;vm;/ (ac:ygw,f)/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if cEmu ac:w,f qdkawmh uJ a,m*DwdkY w&m;xdkifwmonf

a,musfm; rdef;r jrifatmif ½Iwmvm;/ cEmjrifatmif½Iwmvm;/ (cEmjrifatmif ½Iwmygbk&m;)/ emwm bmygvdrfh/

(cEmawGUwmygbk&m;)/ 'Dvdkjzifh emwmudk awGUaevdkY jzpfao;bl;/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ emw,fqdkwmu

wjcm;vm;? a0'emvm;/ (a0'emygbk&m;)/ a0'emudkcGm&awmhr,f/ a0'emudk cGm& awmhr,fqdkawmh a0'emonf

wjcm;ajymwmvm;? emrnfajymwmvm;/ (emrnfajymwm ygbk&m;)/ emrnfrSnfhxm;wmaemf/ tJ'Da0'emudk cGmí

jzpfysuf½Iyg qdkwJh pum;vHk; q&mawmfBuD;qHk;rxm;w,f/

0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwfvkdU t&Sdef& t0g;0ç vmwJhtcg Mobmo-yDwdpwJhta&miftvif;awG?

ESpfoufauseyfrIawG jzpfvmwwfw,f/ 'gawGu 0dyóemnpfñl;aMumif;awGyJ/ tvif;a&mif pwJh taxGtxl;

awGukd pOf;pm;tm;& oabmusaewmu vrf;rSm;yJ/ rjywfrSwfaerS ÓmPfwufrnf[k vrf;rSefvrf;rSm;ukd

ykdif;jcm;a0zefum ÓmPftjrif pifMu,fwmu r*¾gr*¾ÓmP'óe0dok'd/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'DuJhodkY rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkifudk,fus cEmudk MunfhvdkufwJh tcgusawmh cEm&JUvrf;pOfudk a,m*DwdkY

jrifaeNyD/ bmvrf;pOf vJ/ (cEm&JU vrf;pOfygbk&m;)/ cEm&JUvrf;pOfudk jrifawmh cE¨m&JUvrf;pOfu jzpfNyD;awmh

ysufw,f/ arG;NyD;awmh aow,f/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if cEm&JU vrf;pOfeJU cE¨mrSm wu,f&Sdaewm bmawG&SdaeovJvdkY

ar;wJhtcgusawmh jzpfNyD; ysufwmu vGJvdkYbm&SdovJ/ (bmrSr&Sdygbl;bk&m;)/ a,m*DwdkY ÓmPfpcef;a&muf vmNyDaemf/

'DÓmPfodyfta&;BuD;w,f/ eHygwf (5)ÓmPf aemf/ r*¾gr*¾ÓmP 'óe 0dok' ¨ d ta&;BuD;ygw,faemf/

tJ'Dawmh cE ¨mudk wu,fMunfhwJh tcgusawmh tJ'DcE ¨monf jrJwmawGUvm;? rjrJwmawGUvm;/

(rjrJwmawGUygw,fbk&m;)/ olrsm; ygpyf zsm;vrf;rqHk;ygeJU/ udk,fudk,fwkdifudk,fus ½I&rSm ]]oEd|daum}} tcsdef

tcgra&G;½I ]]tumvdaum}}aemf/ tJ'Dawmh ]]{[d-yódaum}} qdkwm cEmu olUudkMunfh olemw,f/ olUudkMunfh

olanmif;w,f/ olUudkMunfh tJ'Dawmh anmif;w,f/ trav; rcHEdkifbl; qkd&if t0dZÆm/ wu,ftrSef qdkwmudkjrif&if

wjcm;vm; 0dZÆmvm;/ (0dZÆmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh&if a,m*DwdkY onf;cH&if edA Ámefa&mufr,fqdkwm 'Dae&mrSefoGm;NyD/

pNyD;w&m;xdkifwm b,frSm oufomrvJ/ anmif;wmawG usifwmawG udkufwmawG cJwmawG r&Sdbl;vm;/

(&Sdygw,fbk&m;)/ tJ'gawGudk onf;cHNyD;awmh ½Iawmh a,musfm; rdef;ryk*¾dKvf owå0gawG awGUaewmvm;? cEmawGyJ

awGUaewmvm;/ (cEmawGyJ awGUaewmygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if a0'emvnf; wjcm;vm;? cEmvm;/ (cEmygbk&m;)/ pdwfvnf; wjcm;vm;? cEmvm;/ (cEmygbk&m;)/

½kyfvnf; wjcm;vm;? cEmvm;/ (cEmygbk&m;)/ tJ'DcE¨mawGudkMunfh&if; Munfh&if;eJU a[m cEmudkawGUwmvm;?

r&SdwmudkawGUwmvm;/ (r&Sdwmudk awGUwmyg bk&m;)/ a0'emudk cGmvdkufNyDaemf/ tJ'D cE ¨mudk r&Sdbl;qdkawmh

wjcm; ÓmPf&wmvm;/ 0dyóem ÓmPf&wmvm;? (0dyóemÓmPf&wmyg bk&m;)/ 0dyóemÓmPf &NyDqdkawmh

cEmrSm wu,f&Sdaewmonf vHk;&yfoP²mef yHk[efedrdwf&Sd wmvm;/ jzpfysufyJ&Sdwmvm;/ (jzpfysufyJ &Sdwmygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh cE¨mt&Sdu jzpfysuf/ jzpfysufudkMunfhwm b,folMunfh wmvJ/ (r*f)/ igawG olawG

a,mufsm; rdef;r Munfhwmvm;/ r*¾ifu Munfhwmvm;/ (r*¾ifuMunfhwmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh t½IcHcEm 5-yg;u

jzpfysuf/ ½IwJh r*¾if5-yg;u r*f/ t½IÓmPf 5-yg;u r*f/ 'Dvdkjzifh jzpfysufr*f/ jzpfysuf r*f/ odkYjzifh cEmrSm&Sdaewmu

t&Sdjzpfysuf/ cEmrSm &Sdaewmu (t&Sdjzpfysuf)/ 'Dvkdjzifh&if a,m*DwkdY&JU ukd,fydkiftvkyfu t&Sd jzpfysuf todr*f/

udk,fydkiftvkyfonf bmvJ/ (t&Sdjzpfysuf todr*f)/ tJ'D tvkyfonf a,m*DwdkY&JU udk,fydkiftvkyf/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

249


(&Sif;ygNyDbk&m;)/

'Dvkdjzifh&if cEm0ef &vmwJhtcg pm;a&; aea&; 0wfa&; usef;rm a&; rvkyf&bl;vm;/ (vkyf&ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'gudk,fydkiftvkyfrS r[kwfbJ? cE ¨m0ef&vmvdkY xrf;&wmav/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

ajymwmav;awmh 'um? 'umrawG cGifhjyKaemf/ pm;a&; aea&; 0wfa&; usef;rma&; 'gawG a&SUwef;wifrajymeJUAs?

acG;jzpfwJhb0awmif &Smpm; &w,fajymwm/ rrSefbl;vm;/ (rSefygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk pm;a&; aea&; 0wfa&; usef;rma&; usefwJh udpöawG tomxm;vdkufOD;aemf/ tJ'D

cEm0efxrf;ae&wm[m udk,fydkif tvkyf [kwf&JUvm;/ (r[kwfygbl;)/ odkUjzifh a,m*DwdkY&JU udk,fydkiftvkyfu

t&Sdjzpfysuf todr*f/ tJ'D t&Sdjzpfysuf todr*feJU udk,fydkiftvkyfudk vkyfwJh yk*¾KdvfawGu ok*wdedAÁmefu aocsmoGm;NyD/

bHkqdkiftvkyfeJU aysmfaewJh yk*¾dKvfawGuwjcm;oGm;rSmvm;? tyg,foGm;rSmvm;/ (tyg,foGm;rSmygbk&m;)/ 'gutck

10-&ufvHk;vHk; y#dpöorkyÜg'foifvmwJhtcg olUvrf;eJUol avQmufoGm;NyDayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh t&Sdjzpfysuf todr*f

qdkwmu r*¾gr*¾ÓmP 'óe0dok'd/ tJ'gu vrf;rSefeJU vrf;rSm;udk cGJjcm;oGm;NyD/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if vrf;rSefonft&Sdjzpfysuf

todr*f/ vrf;rSm;u 'DcEm jrJw,fxifwm/

tJ'Dawmh 'Dvdk t&Sdjzpfysuf todr*feJU (0g)jzpfysufudkjrifawmh trSeftwdkif; rjrif&bl;vm;/ (jrif&ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'gonf wjcm;eJU jrifwmvm;? r*¾ifeJUjrifwmvm;/ (r*¾ifeJUjrifwmygbk&m;)/ tu,fvdkYom tJ'Dvdk jzpfysufudk

r½I&if 'DcEmBuD;u emaew,fqdk&if trav; igemw,f rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ MuHpnfawmhvnf; igMuHpnfw,f

rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh 0rf;enf;awmhvnf; ig0rf;enf;w,f rjzpfbl;vm;/ (jzpfygw,f)/

0rf;omawmhvnf; ig0rf;omw,f qdkawmh igawG olawG qdkwmu wjcm;vm;? 'd|dawGvm;/ ('d|dawGygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dvdk 'd|dawG jzpfaewm[m wjcm;rjrifvdkYvm;/ cEmrjrifvkdYvm;/ (cEmrjrifvkdYygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if 'DcEmBuD;onf reufjzefjrJawmhrvdkvdk obufcgjrJawmh rvdkvdk aemufwpfaeU ae&awmhrvdkvdk

qdkwJh oów'd|dawGu wjcm; r[kwfbl;/ cE ¨m&JU tysufudk rjrifvkdY/ 'Dvdkjzifh bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DwdkY&JU

cE ¨m& J Uoufwr f ;onf wp f çE Sp f / a jympr f ;y g (wp f çE Sp f ) / t J' gb ke f ; Bu D ;w d k Y & J U oufwr f ;y J /

toufb,favmuf&SnfvJvdk Yajym&if ÓmPfeJUajym&if b,fvdk ajymrvJ (wpfçESpf)/ wpfpdwfcsKyfNyD;

ESpfpdwftpm;xdk;w,faygh/ tJ'D wpfcsdef av; bkef;BuD;wdkY touf&Snfwm/ reufjzef obufqdkwmu orkwd

taeeJU ynwftaeeJUom ajymaomfvnf;yJ wu,fhwu,fawmh &SnfEdkif yghrvm;/ odkUaomf orkwd taeeJUawmh

rajym&bl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk trSefudk jrifvdkufwJh tcgusawmh jzpfysufqdkawmh ysufw,fqdkwmonf 'DcEmonf

jrJwmvm;? rjrJwmvm;/ (rjrJwmygbk&m;)/ odkYjzifh wjcm;cE ¨majymwmvm;? acG;ra[mifwJhcE ¨majymwmvm;/

(acG;ra[mifwJhcEm ajymwmygbk&m;)/ cGJjcm;odaemf/

Mum;w,f? r&Sdawmhbl;/ r&Sdwmonf bmaMumifhr&SdwmvJ/ rjrJvdkU/ bmjzpfvdkY/ (rjrJvdkY)/ rjrJwmonf

wjcm;aMumifhvm;? rcdkifvdkYvm;/ (rckdif vdkYygbk&m;/ rckdifbl;vdkY odvdkufwmonf wjcm;aowmvm;? oów

'd|daowmvm;/ (oów'd|d aowmygbk&m;)/ Mum;w,f aemufwpfcg Mum;wm tpm;rxdk;bl;vm;/

(tpm;xdk;ygw,f)/ tpm;xdk;vdkufNyD qdkuwnf; u 'um? 'umrawG jzpfvmwmaygh/ 'Dvdkjzifh&if cEmvdkU ajymjim;

aomfvnf;yJ aMomfjzpfNyD;awmh ysufwmyJqdkwm 'gÓmPfxJrSm jrifaeNyD/ jzpfysufudk jrifaeNyD/ jrifatmif

BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&r,f/ rjrifao;&if jrifatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&r,f/ tJ'Dvdk jrifaeNyDqdk&if vrf;rSef ra&muf

bl;vm;/ (a&mufygw,fbk&m;)/ rjrif&if vrf;rSm;a&mufoGm;r,f/ oów 'd|d jrJw,fvdkY,lr,faemf/ Oapä''d|djywfw,f

awmufw,fvdkY ,lr,f/ tJ'Day:rSmudk igawGvdkY ,lr,fqdkawmh tJ'gonf wjcm;vm;? trSm;vm;/ (trSm;ygbk&m;)/

'Dvdkjzifh&if trSm;qdkwmonf wjcm;vm;? 'd|dvm;/ ('d|dygbk&m;)/ 'd|dtrSm; 62-yg;&Sdw,f/ b,fESpfyg;&Sd/

(62-yg;&Sdygw,f)/ tJ'D 'd|d 62-yg;udk a[m'DrSmMunfh a,m*DwdkYjzpfysuf wpfvHk;jrifvdkufwmeJU tukef raobl;vm;/

'Dvkdjzifh&if jzpfysufwpfvHk;jrifvdkufwmeJU bmjzpfwmvJ/ tukefaow,f/ b,fvdkjzpfvdkU tukefaowmvJ qdkawmh

250


cE ¨mudkjrifwkef; u bm'd|dao/ (ouúm,'d|d)/ w&m;ed*Hk;csKyfvmNyDaemf/ tysufudkjrifawmh? (oów'd|d)/

tjzpfudkjrifawmh (Oapä''d|d aoygw,fbk&m;)/ 'd|d 3-rsdK; raobl;vm;/ (aoygw,f)/ tJ'D 'd|d 3-rsdK;u

OyrmeJUajym&if rD;&xm; wGJBuD;udk acgif;wGJqGJovdkyJ/ acgif;wGJqGJwm aemufuwGJ 100-&Sdygap 'um? 'umrawG

rygbl;vm;/ (yg-ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh usefwJh 'd|drSeforQ 62-yg;udk 'D 3-yg;xJ a,m*DwdkYu qGJoGm;/ usefwmawG tukefraobl;vm;/

[dkrSm ur®óuwmor®m'd|d ÓmPfrSm ed,wawG &Sif;xm;NyD;NyD/ tJ'Dawmh 'DÓmPfudk&&if &SdorQ 'd|d tukefa&mNyD;awmh

raobl;vm;/ (aoygw,fbk&m;)/ tEkaAm"ÓmPf q&morm;udk rSDNyD; odvdkufwJhtcgusawmh tEkaAm"ÓmPf

&w,f/ tJ'D ÓmPfav;&NyD;&if udk,fwkdifudk,fus tm;xkwfwJhÓmPfonf wjcm;ÓmPfvm;? 0dyóemÓmPfvm;/

0dyóemÓmPf&½HkeJU edAÁmefjrifEdkifNyDvm;/ (rjrifEdkifao; ygbl;bk&m;/) bmjzpfvdkYvnf; qdkawmh 0dyóemÓmPfu

'd|dudk tNyD;owf ry,fEdkifao;bl;/ cPyJ y,fEdkifwmudk;/

tm½H kvmorQ½Itm½H kvmorQ½Itm½H kvmorQ½Itm½H kvmorQ½Itm½H kvmorQ½I

bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh ig0dyóem tm;xkwfw,fqdkwmawmifrS 'd|du vmEdkifao;wmudk;/ 'Dawmh

b,favmufxdatmif olvmovJvdkU qdk&if ÓmPftm;jzifh a*gMwblwJh/ bHktm;jzifh b0*f? tJ'g'd|du olUe,f

qdkawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*DawGu ckrSjzpfysufuav; jrif½Hk&Sdao;qdkawmh 'd|dukd oluEdkifygvm;/ (rEdkifao;ygbl;bk&m;)/

rEdkifao;bl;/ 'Dvdkjzifh 'd|d&JU tkyfcsKyfrIudk cHae&ao;w,f/ ig 0dyóem tm;xkwfaeao;w,f ponfjzifh 'd|d&Sd&if

rmeawGaum rvmbl;vm;/ (vmygw,fbk&m;)/ igu 0dyóem tm;xkwfwm? igu olrsm;eJU tqifhtwef;wlwm

r[kwfbl;qdkawmh --a[m 'd|d&,f rme&,f/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh olwdkUeJU wGJzuf wJh udk,fhtvkyfuav;udk,f

oabmusaew,fqd kawmh wjcm;vm;? wPSm vm;/ (wPSmygbk&m;)/ trav; eduEÅ d wPSm

tEkpdwfav;0ifvmw,f? a,m*Dwd k U/ w&m;av; tm;xkwfaumif;aew,f qdk&ifyJ tJ'g wPSmyJ/

odyftEkpdwfvmNyDaemf/ tJ'D wPSmu vmawmhr,fhr*¾ifudk tomav; rodromav; ydwfydwfxm;wmrsdK;? 'DÓmPfawG

txufa&mufvmav 'um? 'umrawG ydkNyD;awmh *½kpdkuf&avaygh/ uJ tck bm0dok'dvJ/ r*¾gr*¾ ÓmP'óe0dok'd/

tedrfhpm; tvwfpm; tjrifhpm;/ olu 3-qifh wufr,f/ b,fESpfqifh (3-qifhygbk&m;)/

'Dawmh 3-qifhudk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u -

(1) jzpfysuf jrif

(2) jzpfysuf rkef;

(3) jzpfysuf qHk;

'Dvdk 3-qifh&Sdwmudk;/ tck a,m*DwdkY jzpfysufu jrifvmNyD/ jrifvmwJh tcgusawmh jzpfysufudk jrifaewJh

tcsdefrSm 'DÓmPfu odyfta&;BuD;vmNyDaygh/ jrifwJhtcgusawmh wjznf;jznf;av; &ifh&ifh &ifh&ifhvma&m/ wjznf;jznf;

&ifhvmwJhtcsdeftcgrSm a[m'D jzpfysufudk jrifumeD;av;rSmyif cke pmvdkqdk&if or®oeÓmPfqdkwm &Sdw,f/

bmÓmPfvJ/ (or®oeÓmPf)/ okH;oyfwJh ÓmPfaygh/ tJ'Dvdk jzpfysufudkjrifwJhtcgrSm jrifwJhtcg&Sdvdkuf rjrifwJhtcg

&Sdvdkuf? tjrJwrf; vnf; rjrifao;bl;av/ 'd|dqdkwm uyfcGmudk;/ olU[meJUol t½IcHeJU t½I ÓmPfeJU wnfhae&if

'd|du cGmaew,f/ t½IcHeJU t½IÓmPfeJU rwnhf&if wpfcgwnf; jyef0ifw,f/ tJ'Dawmh 0dyóem pç½IwJh a,m*Donf

'd|d uyfcGmvdkYac:w,f/ bmwJh/ (uyfcGm)/ awmfMum jyefuyfvdkuf? t½IÓmPf av; wnfhvdkfufawmh cGmvdkuf?

t½IÓmPfav; rwnfhawmh uyfvdkfuf? t½IÓmPfav; wnfhoGm;vdkuf cGmvdkuf? 'gaMumifh pç½IumprSm a,m*D wdkY&JU

'd|donf uyfvdkuf cGmvdkuf? uyfvdkuf cGmvdkuf jzpfw,f/ aemufqHk; awmh b,fvdkrS uyfvdkY r&atmif awmufavQmuf

cGmoGm;atmif w&pyf tm;xkwf&wm/

rem;r&yf Mum;rjywf ½IrSwfjrJ&rnf/rem;r&yf Mum;rjywf ½IrSwfjrJ&rnf/

rem;r&yf Mum;rjywf ½IrSwfjrJ&rnf/rem;r&yf Mum;rjywf ½IrSwfjrJ&rnf/

rem;r&yf Mum;rjywf ½IrSwfjrJ&rnf/

251


qdkawmh wpfcgwnf;rSudk em;vdkYr&bl;/ wu,f ÓmPf&ifhvm&if vHk;0 pum;rajymbJeJUudk 'um? 'umrawG

rem;&wm/ tcsdefjynfhaemf/ tJ'DvdkrsdK; tm;xkwfvdkuf&if reuftm;xkwf&if nae&w,f/ nae tm;xkwf&if

reuf&w,f/ udavomu vHk;0 0ifvdkUr&awmhbl;qdkrS wpfcgwnf; vufrdIifcsNyD;awmh ajy;a&mayghAsm/ wpfcgwnf;udk

aooGm; wmaygh/

tJ'Dvdk aooGm;NyDqdk&if wjcm;0if&rSmvm;? r*¾if0if&rSmvm;/ (r*¾if0if&rSmyg bk&m;)/ uJ--xm;/ tJ'gu

0dyóem&JU tajccHayghaemf/ tJ'Dvdk jrifvdkufwJh tcgusawmh wcsdKUawGUzl;wmawG&Sdw,f/ wu,fhudk jzpfysufudkr½IbJeJU

orxtm½Hkav;eJUjzpfysufudk jrifvdkuf? orx tm½Hkav;eJU aevdkuf/ tJ'Dvdk tcsdeftcgrsdK;usawmh 'D or®oeÓmPfvdk

[mrsdK;rSm tawGUxl;awG qefUusifbuf tm½HkawG awGUwwfw,f/ 'gvnf; owdxm; &r,fhudpöaemf/ 'gaMumifh

ay:orQudk rvGwfwrf;½IygvdkU a,m*DwdkYudk wkdufwGef; w,f/ rvGwfwrf; r½IvdkU? q&morm;u owdray;&if

qefYusifbuftm½Hk awGUwJhtcgusawmh oabmusp&m jrifwJhtcsus awmh wpfcgwnf;rSudk tJ'DrSm auseyfaea&m/

Oyrm qdkMuygpdkU/ qefUusifbuf tm½Hkqdkawmh vSvSyy wifhwifh w,fw,ft&mav;udk ÓmPfxJrSm

jrifae&if wu,fawGUae&ovdk oabm rusbl;vm;/ Oyrm-w&m;tm;xkwfwJh yk*¾dKvfawG'umBuD;awG ewforD;av;

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254


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(ysm,mcwf oGm;wmygbk&m;)/ ysm,mcwfoGm;&if a,m*DwdkY r*fÓmPf zdkvfÓmPfu vGwfoGm;OD;r,faemf/ tJ'DawmhrS

cke wd-yd#u q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t&Sifayg|dvBuD; ur®|mef; b,fupç&rSef;rodawmhrS tJ'DrSm &[EÅmawGqD

oGm;NyD;awmh t&Sifbk&m;wdkY ur®|mef;av;ay;yg oGm;awmif;&wm/ ur®|mef;av; ay;w,fqdkwmvnf; vG,fyghrvm;/

(rvG,fygbk&m;)/

tJ'DawmhrS &[EÅmawGu odw,f/ tif; - 'Dq&mawmfBuD;u tifrwef wefcdk;BuD;wJh q&mawmfBuD;/

wefcdk;BuD;NyDqdkuwnf;u olu rmefrmeawG r&Sdbl;vm;/ 'guawmh 'um? 'umrawG odyfaMumufp&m

aumif;w,fAs--aemf/ wefcdk;aMumifhvnf; rmef? rme rwufbl;vm;/ (wufygw,f)/ trsdK;*kPfaMumifhvnf;

rmef? rme rwufbl;vm;/ (wufygw,f)/ ynmaMumifhvnf; rmefrmerwufbl;vm;/ (wufygw,f)/ "eaMumifh

tvSaMumifh b0aMumifh trsdK;rs dK; rmefrmeawGqdkwm MuHzefwufaewm/ tJ'Dawmh 'Drmef&S dvdk Y&S d&if

0dyóem½IvdkU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dq&mawmfBuD;udk rmefvnf;yJ y,foGm;NyD;om; jzpfoGm;atmif

qdkNyD;awmh? uJ q&mawmfBuD; ur®|mef;ay;wm uawmh [kwfygw,fwJh/ udk&ifav;qDrSm oGm;awmif;ygqdkawmh

udk&ifav;&SdwJh ae&m vufn§dK;xdk;jyvdkufw,f/ b,fudk vufn §dK;xdk;jyvJ/ (udk&ifav;&SdwJh ae&mudkygbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dudk&ifav;u ykxkZOf r[kwfbl;/ &[EÅmaemf/ 7-ESpfom;udk&ifav; wJh 'um? 'umrawG/ b,fESpfESpf/

255


(7-ESpf)/ 7-ESpfom; udk&if&[EÅmjzpfwm b,folodrwkef;/

'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m; vufxuf 7-ESpfom;t&G,feJU &[EÅmjzpf aewJh yk*¾dKvfawG&Sdwm/ tJ'Dawmh

tcsdKUykxkZOf &[ef;awGu uav;qdkNyD; oGm;ajymNyD;awmh rxDrJhjrifvkyfrSmpdk;vdkYaemf/ tcsdKUacgif;oGm;acgufvdkuf?

bmvkyfvdkuf nmvkyfvdkuf 'grsdK;awG&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dvdk vkyfrd&if 'DykxkZOf r*fwm; zdkvfwm; jzpfoGm;a&m/

odyfaMumufp&maumif;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh &[EÅmawGuvnf; ol &[EÅmygqdkwm b,fawmhrS rajym/ ajym&JUvm;/

(rajymygbl;)/ rajymbl;qkdawmh ykxkZOf b,fodrSmwkef;/

tJ'Dawmh 7-ESpft&G,f omraP&[EÅmqDoGm;NyD;awmhur®|mef; awmif;ygqdkawmh omraPu tJ'DtcsdefcgrSm

w&m;½Iaewm r[kwfbl;/ upm;aewm 'um? 'umrwdkY/ bmvkyfaewmvJ/ (upm;aewmygbk&m;)/ 'Dawmh

t&Sifbk&m; [m-- &[EÅmupm;vm;qdkawmh &[EÅmu &[EÅm? uav;u uav;yJ/ olU[mol udavompifwmyJ/

uav;&JU p½dkuf 0goemu upm;r,f? aqmhr,faygh/ udk&ifjzpfaomfvnf;yJ olU0goem pGefUvdkU&ovm;/

0goempGefUEdkifwm bk&m;wpfyg;wnf;&Sdw,faemf/ &Sifom&dykwå&mwdkYvdk &[EÅmBuD;awGvnf; 0goem

rpGefUEdkifbl;/ &Sifarm*¾vmef wdkYvnf; &[EÅmawGyJ/ 0goemrpGefUEdkifbl;/

tcsdKU &[EÅmBuD;awGu wdkif;wJh qJwJh 0goemygwm/ tjrJwrf; vlawGU olawGU ol,kwf ol,kwfqdkwJh

pum;vHk;rsdK; tifrwef oHk;avh oHk;x&SdwJh rax&fBuD;wpfyg;awmif&Sdw,f/ trSefawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY 'g t&yf

ajymajymawmh qJwmaygh [kwfvm;/ tJ'g &[EÅmjzpfoGm;ayr,fh 'Dp½dkuf0goem ry,fEdkifvdkY ajymwmawG&Sdwmudk;/

tJ'Dawmh uav;&JU obm0onf tjrJwrf; raqmhbl;vm;/ (aqmhygw,fbk&m;)/ aMomf - olU[mol zkwfxJ

aqmhupm;aewmyJ/ oGm;txifao;vdkY r&bl;? &[EÅmudk/

tJ'Dawmh &[EÅmqdkwm i,fyif i,faomfjim;vnf; olUtaeeJU udavompifoGm;w,f/ p½dkuf0goemudk

ry,fEdkifaomaMumifh olUudk raqmheJUvdkU ajymvdkU&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ tJ'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wdkY a,m*D rsm;u

'Dw&m;emNyD;&if owdxm;&rSmu omraPti,fav;awG [kwfvm;/ 14-5-6ESpf t&G,fawGqdkawmh uav;yJ/

wpfaeU 'Dyk*¾dKvfawG onf omoemudk ycHk;ajymif; wm0efxrf;aqmifr,fhyk*¾dKvfawG/ tJ'D yk*¾dKvfawG wpfcgwpfav

olUausmif;0if;xJ jcif;cwfcsifcwfr,f/ abmuefcsifuefr,f/ aqmhcsifaqmhaerSmyJ/ tJ'g udk,fhtvkyf r[kwfbl;aemf/

[kwfvm;/ 0goemqdkwm y,fvdkY&yghrvm;/ (r&ygbl;)/ y,fvdkY r&ayr,fh tJ-olU tvkyfolvkyfaewmyJ

udk,fh[mudk,fom 'um? 'umrawG MunfndKvdkuf/ t"dyÜg,fayghaemf/

aMomf -- wpfcsdefrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU omoemawmfudk ycHk;ajymif; xrf;r,fh wu,fhyk*¾dKvfBuD;awGygvm;vdkU

pdwfxJrSm MunfndKyg/ (rSefvSyg)/ 'Dawmh 'Dvdkuav;awG rajymeJU? &[EÅmBuD;awmifrSyJ p½dkuf ry,fEdkifwm/

ry,fEdkifwJhtaMumif;udk &Sifom&dykw å&mtaMumif; bkef;BuD; tjrJwrf;vnf; 'um? 'umrawGudk bkef;BuD;

pum;pyfrdwJhtcg ajymrd ygw,f/ ckvnf;yJ enf;enf;av; owday;ygOD;r,f/ 0goemtaMumif;eJU ywfoufNyD;

odxm; atmifvdkYayghaemf/

'Dawmh &Sifom&dykw å&mqdkwmu tifrwef emrnfBuD;wJh &[EÅmBuD;/ rodwJholr&Sdbl;? 'DawmhrS 'um

wpfa,mufuaeNyD;awmh atmf - 'Davmuf emrnfBuD;wJh &[EÅmBuD;awmh igvSLcsifw,fqdkNyD;awmh wpfcgwnf;

ouFef;av; 3-pHkcsKyfNyD;awmh &[EÅmBuD;oGm;yifhw,f/ qGrf;awG bmawG uyfNyD;awmh ouFef;uyfr,faygh/ tJ'Dawmh

&[EÅmBuD;udk qGrf;yifhawmh &[EÅmBuD;u a&SUuae<u? 'umBuD;u aemufuaevdkuf? tJ'Dvdk<uawmh q&m'um

2-OD;ayghav/ wpfae&m acsmif;av;vnf;a&mufa&m/ &[EÅmBuD; u wpfcgwnf; acsmif;av; ckeful;vdkufa&m/

[dkbufudk ckeful;vdkufwm/ wu,fqdk&if &[EÅmqdkwm tifrwef um,daÈeJU odrfodrfarGUarGUoGm; &rSmr[kwfbl;vm;/

'gayrJh acsmif;awGUawmh tdaÈ´rq,fEdkifbl;/ ckeful; vdkufw,f/

ckeful;vdkufawmh 'umu pdwfxJuaeNyD; [m--emrnfBuD;wJh &[EÅmBuD;omajymw,f/ Munfhprf;/ 'DrSmMunfh/

tdaÈ´r&Sd bmr&SdeJU pdwfxJ o'guysufoGm;w,f/ tjrifaemf/ tJ'Dawmh awmfNyD igouFef;wpfpHkudk rvSLawmhbl;/

256


ESpfpH kyJvSLawmhr,f/ wpfpH k jyKwfoGm;NyD/ o' ¨gysufoGm;NyD/ aemufwpfcg oGm;&if; oGm;&if; oGm;&if;

acsmif;wpfckawGUjyefwJhtcgusawmh 'DvdkyJ ckeful;vdkufwmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh ESpfpHk 'um? 'umrawG rvSLawmhbl;/

wpfpHkyJvSLawmhr,fwJh/ a[m- ESpfcg ckefawmh ESpfpHkaysmufoGm;NyD/ o'g-o'gaemf/ tJ'geJUaemufqHk; acsmif;wpfacsmif;

vnf;awGUvnf; awGUa&m &Sifom&dykwå&mBuD;u rckefawmhbl;/ a&xJqif;NyD;awmh avQmufoGm;w,f/ 'Dawmh

'umupOf;pm;w,f/ ar;OD;rSyJaygh/ t&Sifbk&m; bmvdkY rckefawmh wmvJ/ 'um 'Dwpfcgckef&if igwpfpHkrS r&awmhbl;wJh/

[m-wpfpHkrS &awmhrSm r[kwfbl;qdkawmh 'umvefUoGm;w,f/ [m-ighpdwfxJu tMuHodygvm; qdkawmh

olrSm;rSef;odoGm;wm/ t&Sifbk&m;-onf;cHygbk&m;? cGifhvTwfyg bk&m;aygh tJ'DawmhrS t&ifwdkif; 3-pHkyJ vSLyghr,fqdkNyD;

jyefvSLwm/ uHaumif;vdkY EdkUrdkUwpfpHkyJ &oGm;OD;r,faemf/

qdkvdkcsifwmu a,m*DwdkY pmxJ ayxJrSm 'Dtwkdif;yJvmygw,f/ 0goemy,fEdkif&JUvm;/ (ry,fEdkifygbl;)/

'Dvdkjzifh t&Sifbk&m; bmjzpfvkdU ckefwmvJqdkawmh oluarsmufb0 ajrmufjrm;pGmjzpfvmcJhzl;wmudk;As/ [dku

p½dkuf0goemu 'DrSm &[EÅmjzpfwmawmif p½dkuffry,fEdkifvdkU 'gjzpfw,f qdkwm a,m*DwdkY odzdkUaygh/ (rSefvSyg)/

tJ'Dawmh &[EÅmBuD;awmif ajrmif;ckef ao;wm udk&ifav;awG aqmhupm;aewm bmrS cGifhrvTwfEdkifp&mr&Sdbl;/

&Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ tJ'Dawmh olU[mol *Rrf;xdk;aeae ukd,fU tvkyfwpfckrS rygbl;/ p½dkuf0goem

ry,fEdkifbl;/ [dkrSmvnf; udk&if &[EÅmjzpfayr,fh aqmhupm;aeawmh p½dkuf0goem y,fvdkY&&JUvm;/ (r& ygbl;)/

bk&m;rSwpfyg; usefwJ h yk* ¾ d KvfawG ry,fEd ki fbl;qd k&if/ A[kokwrSwfyg/ &Si f; Ny Daemf/ tJ'Dawmhr S

udk&ifqDa&mufvnf;a&mufa&m q&mawmfBuD; b,favmuf w&m;vdkcsifvJqdkawmh vuftkyfuav;csDNyD;awmh ur®|mef;

ar;ygwJh/ bmvkyfwmvJ/ (ur®|mef;awmif;wmygbk&m;)/

zGwfzrf;ovdkzrf;zGwfzrf;ovdkzrf;zGwfzrf;ovdkzrf;zGwfzrf;ovdkzrf;zGwfzrf;ovdkzrf;

'DawmhrS ur®|mef;ay;r,fh q&mu zkwfxJuae uref;uwef;cgcuf x&wm/ trav;/ yv’ifay:u

ay;wmr[kwfbl;/ zkwfxJuae cgcufx aeNyD;awmhrS uJ-uJ 'Dvdkjzifh&if q&mawmfBuD; ur®|mef; ay;qdkvnf;

ay;wmaygh/ 'Dvkdudk;/ uJ- uJ tJvdkqdk&if aumif;NyD? ur®|mef;ay;r,fqdkawmh olaqmhupm;aewJh ae&mav;u

urf;pyfuav; jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dawmh a&uefpyfxJrSm aqmhupm;aewmqdkawmh aumif;NyDbk&m;wJh/ uJ-

t&Sifbk&m; ur®|mef;vdkcsifw,fqdk&if a[m'D a&xJudkqif;ygwJh/ t&Sifayg|dvBuD; jyefrajymbl;/ qif;oGm;w,f/

ol ur®|mef;w&m; 40- olem;vnfwmyJ/ a&xJqif;wJh ur®|mef;r&Sdbl;qdkwm odNyD;om;/ [m t&Sifbk&m;

pmxJrSm 'grvmbl;qdkNyD; aumfwm uyfwm jiif;wmawG rvmbl;aemf/ bmrS jyefrajymbl;/ q&mhpum;em;axmifw,f/

qif;oGm; wmyJ/ udk&ifav;u ay;wJhur®|mef;/ qif;oGm;w,f/ udk&ifav;u a&xJu jyefwufcdkif;awmhrS

t&Sifayg|dvBuD;jyefwufvmw,f/

&Sif;NyDaemf/ tJ'DawmhrS vuftkyfav;csDNyD;awmh t&Sifbk&m;wJh? tayguf 6-ayguf&SdwJh awmifydkUBuD;xJrSm

zGwfwpfaumif 0ifoGm;w,fwJh/ uJh t&Sifb,fvdkvkyfzrf;rvJwJh/ ynmay;NyD/ ur®|mef;ay;vdkufwm[m/ [m-

odNyD/ udk&if odNyDwJhqdkawmh 5-aygufydwfNyD; 1-ayguf zGifhzrf;&if 'um? 'umrawG r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/

tJ'geJU 'um? 'urmawG raemaygufzGifhNyD;awmh apmifhNyD;awmh ½Ivdkufwm &[EÅmjzpfoGm;wmaygh/ t&Sif

ayg|dvBuD; bmjzpfoGm;vJ/ (&[EÅmjzpfoGm;w,f)/ 'Dawmh a,m*DwdkYudk 'Dae&mrSm 'DtaMumif;udk ajymwm qdkvdkcsifwmu

q&m&JUpum;udk em;axmifygvdkU 'gudk vdk&if; tcsufajymcsifwmyg/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ em;raxmifvdkY 0dyóemÓmPf

cke tEÅ&m,fawGeJUawGUvm&if r*fwm;? zdkvfwm;jzpfrSmpdk;vdkU/ &Sif;aum &Sif;&JUvm;/ tJ'Dawmh a[m'DÓmPfonf

r*¾gr*¾ÓmP'óe0dok'dwJh/ tJ'DÓmPfuae q&mu oifvdkufwJh tcgusawmh tx,fÓmPfwufoGm;NyD a,m*DwdkY/

b,fÓmPfwuf/ (txufÓmPfwufwmygbk&m;)/

(6) tJ'D txufÓmPfqdkwm y#dy'gÓmP 'óe 0dok' ¨ dudk ac: ygw,f/ &[EÅmBuD; 2-yg;

257


tar;tajzvkyfw,faemf/

uJ' Dvd k jzi f h ig h& Si fa&? ig h& Si f omoem0i fvmwm y# dy'gÓmP'óe 0 dok' ¨ d tvd k Ui Sm

omoem0ifvmwmvm;vdkYar;NyD/

y#dy'gqdkwm usifhpOf? edAÁmefokdYa&mufaMumif;jzpfwJh usifhpOf/ ÓmPqdkwm awblruocFg&w&m;awGukd

tedpö? 'ku©? tewåvkdU odwwfwJh ÓmPf? 'óeqkdwm omreftodrsdK;r[kwf? rsufpdeJUjrif&ovkd odjrif wwfwJhtjrif?

0dok'¨ dqdkwm pifMu,fwm/ igh&Sif&JU usifhpOf pifMu,fzdkU tvdkUiSm omoem0ifvmwmvm;vdkY qkdawmh a,m*DwdkY

bmrS em;rvnf ao;bl;/ tckeHygwf 6-ÓmPfa&mufoGm;NyD/ b,f0dok'd a&mufoGm;wmvJ/ y#dy'gÓmP'óe0dok'd/

[kwfNyD/ t½IÓmPf wdk;wufoGm;NyDaygh/ tJ'gudk bkef;BuD;wdkY ÓmPfpOfeJUajymawmh b*F b, tm'De0 edA Á d'g

rkOödwkurswm y#docFg ocFg½kayu©m tEkavmrxdatmif wufoGm;wm/ &Sif;NyDaemf/tJ'gu bkef;BuD;u

pmtwdkif;&GwfjyoGm;wmaygh/ wu,f vufawGUtm;xkwfwJh tcgusawmh trav; w&m;tm;xkwfvdkY aumif;vdkufwm?

'Dvkdjzpfaewm ayghaemf/

tJ'Duae q&muvnf; ajymif;vnf;ay;vdkufa&m [m-- cE¨mudk,f BuD; aysmufoGm;a&m/ acgif;awGr&Sd

vufawGr&Sd wpfcgwpfavr&SdwJh tjyifrSm aumif;uifudk azmufxGufoGm;ovdk "r®m½HkBuD; azmufxGufoGm; ovdk

'DvdkrsdK;jrif&wm/ tJ'Dawmh 'D½kyfcEmBuD;vnf; r&Sdawmhbl;aemf/ vufr&Sd ajcr&SdwJhtcgusawmh jAKef;ceJ wpfcgwpfav

vefUoGm;wmrsdK; jzpfwwfw,f/ a,m*DwdkY rvefUeJU/ bmrS rjzpfbl;/ tJ'gonf b*FÓmPf aygh/ b,ÓmPfaygh/

trkef;ÓPfponf0ifvmtrkef;ÓPfponf0ifvmtrkef;ÓPfponf0ifvmtrkef;ÓPfponf0ifvmtrkef;ÓPfponf0ifvm

tJ'DawmhrS udk,fhudk,fudk aMumufvmw,f/ trav; 'D½kyf 'Demrf 'DcE ¨mBuD;udk touf&Sif&rSm

aMumufvdkufwm/ 'DawmhrS tm'De0awG rkOödwkurswmawG qdkwJh pmvdkajymawmh 'DÓmPfawGaygh/ trSefu q&mawmf

bk&m;BuD; ajymovdkqdk&if rkef;ÓmPfawG 0ifvmwm/ tJ'DÓmPfawGvnf; 0ifvnf;0ifvma&m bmjzpfvdkY rkef;wmvJ/

'DcEmBuD; onf ]]awm-40}} vmwmudk;As/ ]]awm-40}}qdkwm b,awm? ov’awm? qkdwJh ]]awm-40}}

r&Sdbl;vm;/ tJ'D ]]awm-40}} qdkwm þyOöcE ¨m 5-yg;qkdwJh ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkYonf a&m*gwHk;BuD;yJwJh/ bmwJhvJ/

(a&m*gwHk;BuD;)/

tJ'Dawmh a&m*gwHk;BuD;qdkwmu ½kyfw&m;&vmNyDqdkuwnf;u a&m*gwHk;r&bl;vm;/ (&ygw,f)/ tJ'gu

pmxJrSmom &Sdwm rjrif&bl;/ tckvufawGUvnf; 'DvkdÓmPfvnf; wufNyD; tm;vnf;tm;xkwfvdkufa&m [m-

wpfudk,fvHk; a&m*gawGjzpfvdkufwm/ oGm;udkufwmawGjzpfvdkjzpf/ em;udkufwmawG jzpfvdkjzpf? tzsm;awG wufvkdwuf

trsKd;rsdK;jzpfvmwmyJ/ odkUaomf 'um? 'umrawG aoavmufatmifjzpfwm r[kwfygbl;/ aoavmufatmif

jzpfwm r[kwfbl;? ÓmPfaMumifhjzpfaewmaemf/

tJ'DawmhrS tJ'D tzsm;wufwJhtcsdefrSm 'D*&Dwdkif;&if aovkarsmyg; 'D*&DrsdK;awGU&vdrfhr,f/ odkUaomf bmrS

rjzpfygbl;/ bmaMumifhjzpfwmvJ qdkawmh 'Dae&mrSm ]]awm 40}}0ifwJhoabm/ ÓmPfeJUomvQif jrif&wm ayghaemf/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'DvdkrsdK;jrifwJhtcgusawmh zd½I a,m*DwdkY/ 'Dae&mrSm aemufrqkwfwJhaemf/ rqkwfbJeJU bmvkyf&rvJ/

zd½I/ 'Dawmh -

udk,feJU touf riJhuGuf &ufpufEdkif&rnf/udk,feJU touf riJhuGuf &ufpufEdkif&rnf/

udk,feJU touf riJhuGuf &ufpufEdkif&rnf/udk,feJU touf riJhuGuf &ufpufEdkif&rnf/

udk,feJU touf riJhuGuf &ufpufEdkif&rnf/

'Daqmifyk'fudk tvGwfusufxm;yg/ tJ'Davmuf rcsdrqHh cHae&wJh tcsdef tcgrSmyJ 'gudk½I&r,f/ ravQmh&bl;aemf/

tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm cEm udk,fBuD;u vdrfwmawG? wGefUwmawG? ,dkifwmawGvnf; jzpfwwfwmyJ/ tcsdKUusawmh

wpfa,mufeJUwpfa,muf rwlbl;aemf/ yx0D vGefuJwJh yk*¾dKvf&Sdw,f/ tmayg vGefuJwJh yk*¾dKvf&Sdw,f/ 0ga,mvGefuJwJh

yk*¾dKvfrsm; wGefUvdrfoGm;wmyJ/ tcsdKUtmaygvGefuJwJh yk*¾dKvfawGrsm; rcsdrqHh wpfcgwnf; acR;'D;'D; 'D;'D;usNyD;

aZmacR;awG jyefwmrsdK;vdkaemf/ yx0DvGefuJwJh yk*¾dKvf awGrsm;usawmh awmifhwif;NyD; udk,fhudk,fudk aoNyDvdkY

258


tJ'Dvdkudk jzpfwm/ wpfa,mufeJUwpfa,muf "mwfcsif;wl&JUvm;/ (rwlygbl;bk&m;)/ odkYaomf tJ'Dvdk ½IaewJh

tcsdeftcgrSm a,m*DwdkY ta&;tBuD;qHk; pum;vHk;wpfvHk; ajymr,faemf/

tJ'Dvdk½IaewJhtcgrSm "mwfwpfckckonf xif&Sm;wmudkawGUvdrfhr,f/ 0dyóemonf xif&Sm;wmudk ½IygvdkY

rajymbl;vm;/ (ajymygw,f)/ tJ'Dvdk ½IaewJhtcg "mwfwpfcku xif&Sm;r,f/ yx0Du xif&Sm;rvm;? tmaygu

xif&Sm;rvm;? awaZmu xif&Sm;rvm;? 0ga,mu xif&Sm;rvm;/ wpf a,mufeJUwpfa,muf rwlbl;/ tJ'D

xif&Sm;wJh"mwfudk rvGwfwrf; zrf;½Iawmh/ bmjzpfvdkY ½Icdkif;vJqdkawmh tJ'D"mwfonf ighudkowfrSm olyJ/ udk,fhaorif;eJU

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tJ'Dawmh tJ'Djzpfysufaewmu wjcm;rSmjzpfysufaewmvm;? cE ¨mrSmjzpfysufaewmvm;/ (cE ¨mrSm

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reufjzefxd toufr&Sifcsifawmhbl;/

259


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ajcyef;vufyef;usaewkef; acG;aoaumifykyfvm&if vTifhypfrSmvm;/ qGJawmhrSmvm;/ (qGJawmhrSmygbk&m;)/

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trav; 'ku©a&mufvdkufwm/ aorSmpdk;vdkUom 'DacG;aoaumifykyf BuD;udk qGJ&wm/ tJ'DawmhrS

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260


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261


bm 0dok'd/ (ÓmP'óe0dok'¨ d)/

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&xm;w&m;ay:awmhw,faemf/ tJ'DawmhrS &Sifbk&ifBuD; onf yxrOD;qHk; eHygwfwpf &xm;rpD;bl;vm;/

(pD;ygw,fbk&m;)/ eHygwfwpf &xm;onf bm0dok'¨ d/ oDv0dok'd/

oDv0dok'¨ d qdkwJh &xm;udkpD;NyD;wJhtcgusawmh 'kwd,&xm;udk rpD;bl;vm;/ (pD;ygw,f)/

'kwd, &xm;u bm0dok'¨ d/ (pdwå0dok'd)/

'kwd, &xm;NyD;awmh wwd,&xm;rpD;bl;vm;/ (pD;ygw,f)/

wwd, &xm;u bm0dok'd/ ('d|d0dok'd)/

uJ wwd,&xm;u qif;NyD;awmh pwkw¬&xm; rpD;bl;vm;/ (pD;ygw,f)/ pwkw¬&xm;u ucFg0dw&P

0dok' ¨ d/

tJ'D pwkw¬&xm;qif;NyD;awmh yOör&xm; rpD;bl;vm;/ (pD;ygw,f bk&m;)/ r*¾gr*¾ ÓmP'óe 0dok'd/

tJ'D yOör&xm;qif;NyD;awmh q|&xm; rpD;bl;vm;/ (pD;ygw,f bk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh y#dy'gÓmP 'óe

0dok' ¨ d/

tJ aemufqHk;awmh ckepf&xm;rpD;bl;vm;/ (pD;ygw,f) ckepf&xm; pD;vdkufwmonf wjcm;vm;? ÓmP

'óe 0dok'dvm;/ (ÓmP 'óe 0dok'dygbk&m;)/

avmukwå&m r*fÓmPf&oGm;wm wjcm;jrifwmvm;? edAÁmef jrifwmvm;/

(edA Ámefjrifwmygbk&m;)/

tJ'DuJhodkU &xm;ckepfpif; &Sifbk&ifBuD;pD;ovdk a,m*DwdkYvnf; 0dok'¨ d tckb,fESpfyg;vJ/ (ckepfyg;ygbk&m;)/

262


'Dawmh oDvjynfhpHk&if b,f&xm;pD;/ (yxr&xm;pD;ygw,fbk&m;)/

orm"dawG jynfhpHk&if ('kwd,&xm;ygbk&m;)/

'd|dawGuGm&if (wwd,&xm;ygbk&m;)/

y#dpöorkyÜg'fem;vnf&if (pwkw¬&xm;ygbk&m;)/

jzpfysufjrif&if (yOör&xm;ygbk&m;)/

jzpfysufrkef;&if (q|r&xm;ygbk&m;)/

jzpfysufqHk;&if (ow år&xm;ygbk&m;)/

uJ--tJ'Dawmh 'gu "r®m'gow&m;aemf/ 'D"r®rSefeJU a,m*DwdkYudk ay;vdkufwm/ tJ'D&xm;ckepfpif;qdkwJhw&m;udk

emNyD;vdkY&Sd&if aMomf igwdkYawmh b,f&xm;pD;aeNyD/ b,f&xm;rpD;&ao;bl;qdkwm udk,fhudk,fudk qHk;jzwfcsuf cszdkY

ta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ (ta&;BuD;ygw,fbk&m;)/

tJ'Dawmh 10-&ufavmufqdk&ifawmh a,m*DwdkY &xm;awG awmf awmfrsm;rsm; pD;avmufa&maygh/ tJ'g ig

b,fESpfpif;pD;vJqdkwm udk,fh bmomukd,f qkH;jzwfcsufcsyg/ rar;awmhygbl;av/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/

(&Sif;ygw,fbk&m;)/ ckepfpif;vHk;rsm; pD;aevm; rodygbl;/ ckepfpif;pD;w,f qkd&ifawmh bkef;BuD; tarmajyygw,f

a,m*DwdkY/ &Sif;NyDaemf/

edAÁmef&csifvd kUomoemhabmif0iedAÁmef&csifvd kUomoemhabmif0iedAÁmef&csifvd kUomoemhabmif0iedAÁmef&csifvd kUomoemhabmif0iedAÁmef&csifvd kUomoemhabmif0if

tJ'DawmhrS t&SifykPÖ uaeNyD;awmh igh&SifwJh tJ'DOyrmvdkyJwJh/ igh&Sif omoem0ifvmwm wjcm;tvdkUiSmvm;?

edAÁmeftvdkUiSmvm;/ (edAÁmef tvdkUiSmygbk&m;)/ tJ'Dawmh &xm; Oyrmay;NyD; a[mvdkufwJhtcg usawmh 'gu

a,m*DwdkY &xm;w&m; 'gtqHk;owfwmayghaemf/ tJ'Dvdk tqHk;owf oGm;w,fqdkwmu 0dok'¨ d 7-yg;jynfh&if

wjcm;jzpfwmvm;? aomwmyef jzpfwmvm;/ (aomwmyefjzpfwmygbk&m;)/ aomwmyefjzpfoGm;NyD qdk&if udavom

5-yg;y,fwmaygh/

'd|d&,f? 0dpdudpäm&,f? oDvA Áwy&mrmo? £óm rpä&d,/ b,f ESpfyg;/ (5-yg;ygbk&m;)/ tJ'D 5-

yg;awGqdkawmh "r®qdkwJhaMu;rHkjyif a,m*DwdkY rSefwpfcsyf&oGm;wmaygh/ tJ'DawmhrS w&m;jrifawmh bk&m;jrif w,f/

bk&m;udk ÓmPfeJU zl;&wmaygh/ &Sif;aum&Sif;&JUvm;/ (&Sif;ygw,f)/ w&m;jrifawmh bk&m;jrifw,f/

a,m rH yówd aom "r®H yówd

0uúvd oH,kwfrSmvmwJhtwdkif; ighudkjrifcsif&if w&m;jrifatmifvkyf/ w&m;udkjrif&if bk&m;udkjrifw,f/

w&m;udkjrif&if oHCmudkjrifw,f/ tJ'Dvdk 'um? 'umrawG &wem 3-yg;udk ESvHk;tdrfrSm ÓmPfeJUjrifEdkif atmifuawmh

wjcm;jrifatmifvkyf&rSmvm;? 0dyóem tm;xkwf&rSmvm;/ (0dyóem tm;xkwf&rSmygbk&m;)/ r*fÓmPf

zdkvfÓmPf&atmif tm;xkwf &r,faygh/ tJ'Dvdk wpfcsuf&&if udavom b,fESpfyg;Nidrf;/ (5-yg; Nidrf; ygw,fbk&m;)/

uJ-

½kyfemrftpk igaumif[k xifrIr&Sdyg/½kyfemrftpk igaumif[k xifrIr&Sdyg/

½kyfemrftpk igaumif[k xifrIr&Sdyg/½kyfemrftpk igaumif[k xifrIr&Sdyg/

½kyfemrftpk igaumif[k xifrIr&Sdyg/

tJ'Dawmh ½kyfemrfudk b,fawmhrS igvdkY rxifawmhbl;aemf/ 'gu 'd|duGmoGm;NyDaemf/ uJ - 0dpdudpäm

cGm&atmif/

bk&m;w&m; oHCmtm; ,HkrSm;r&Sdyg/bk&m;w&m; oHCmtm; ,HkrSm;r&Sdyg/

bk&m;w&m; oHCmtm; ,HkrSm;r&Sdyg/bk&m;w&m; oHCmtm; ,HkrSm;r&Sdyg/

bk&m;w&m; oHCmtm; ,HkrSm;r&Sdyg/

aMomf &wem 3-yg;uvGJvdkY tm;udk;p&mr&Sdbl;qdkawmh usefwJh t,lawG tukef&Sif;oGm;NyDayghaemf/

0dpdudpämy,foGm;NyDayghaemf/ oDvAÁw y&mrmo y,f&atmif - [kwfvm;/

opömrjrif r*¾ifryg avhusifhumjzifh csrf;omjrJrnf r,HkMunfopömrjrif r*¾ifryg avhusifhumjzifh csrf;omjrJrnf r,HkMunf

opömrjrif r*¾ifryg avhusifhumjzifh csrf;omjrJrnf r,HkMunfopömrjrif r*¾ifryg avhusifhumjzifh csrf;omjrJrnf r,HkMunf

opömrjrif r*¾ifryg avhusifhumjzifh csrf;omjrJrnf r,HkMunf

ukefrnf oDvAukefrnf oDvA

ukefrnf oDvAukefrnf oDvA

ukefrnf oDvA ÁÁ ÁÁ Áwm/wm/

wm/wm/

wm/

263


qdkvdkwmu opömw&m; y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;uvGJí usefwm vlUb0rSm csrf;omw,fqdkwm rjrifawmhbl;aygh/

tJ'Dawmh 'gu cke acG;usifh EGm;usifh usifhvdkY csrf;omwmrsdK; qdkvdkwmayghaemf/ 'g oDvAÁwy&mrmo/ uJ -

qdkvdkufOD;/

£óm ac:qdk remvdk jzpfudk rjzpfvm/£óm ac:qdk remvdk jzpfudk rjzpfvm/

£óm ac:qdk remvdk jzpfudk rjzpfvm/£óm ac:qdk remvdk jzpfudk rjzpfvm/

£óm ac:qdk remvdk jzpfudk rjzpfvm/

olrsm;udk,fhvdk aumif;rnfudk 0efwdkr&Sdyg/olrsm;udk,fhvdk aumif;rnfudk 0efwdkr&Sdyg/

olrsm;udk,fhvdk aumif;rnfudk 0efwdkr&Sdyg/olrsm;udk,fhvdk aumif;rnfudk 0efwdkr&Sdyg/

olrsm;udk,fhvdk aumif;rnfudk 0efwdkr&Sdyg/

rpä&d,vnf; r&Sdawmhbl;aemf/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm [kwfvm; t&d,m? t&d,uaEÅ[d oDav[d

orem*awm qdkwJhtwdkif; t&d,mwdkY jrwfEdk;tyfwJh ig;yg;oDvuvnf;vHkoGm;ygNyD/ tJ'Dw&m;udk 'um? 'umr

awG&atmif 'Dtwdkif; ae&rSmvm;/ tm;xkwf&rSmvm;/ (tm;xkwf&rSmyg bk&m;)/

uJ-BudK;pm;ygvd k U wd kufwGef;&if;e J U ajcmufem&Dvnf; xd k; Ny Daemf/ ajcmufem&Dxd k ; Ny Dqd kawmh

w&m;awmifrxdkif&awmhbl;/ a,m*DawG pdwf raumif;rsm;jzpfaevm;rodygbl;/ wpfcsdefvGwfoGm;NyD/ [kwfvm;/

tif;- tif; 6-em&Du 7-em&D w&m;xdkifcsdef? tckxdkifvdkUr&bl;/ pdwfxJawmh raumif;rjzpfygeJUAsm/

uJ - uJ qkawmif;arwåmydkYvdkufMu&atmifaemf/

qkawmif;arwqkawmif;arw

qkawmif;arwqkawmif;arw

qkawmif;arw åå åå åmmmmm

*owow

owow

ow åå åå åavmu"mwf vlewfjA[®mawG?avmu"mwf vlewfjA[®mawG?

avmu"mwf vlewfjA[®mawG?avmu"mwf vlewfjA[®mawG?

avmu"mwf vlewfjA[®mawG?

jrwfbk&m;\ w&m;ppfawG?jrwfbk&m;\ w&m;ppfawG?

jrwfbk&m;\ w&m;ppfawG?jrwfbk&m;\ w&m;ppfawG?

jrwfbk&m;\ w&m;ppfawG?

½d kaoav;pm; usifhtm;ydkap?½dkaoav;pm; usifhtm;ydkap?

½dkaoav;pm; usifhtm;ydkap?½dkaoav;pm; usifhtm;ydkap?

½dkaoav;pm; usifhtm;ydkap?

edAedA

edAedA

edA ÁÁ ÁÁ Ámefeef; pHjref;Ed kifygap/mefeef; pHjref;Ed kifygap/

mefeef; pHjref;Ed kifygap/mefeef; pHjref;Ed kifygap/

mefeef; pHjref;Ed kifygap/

*avmb a'go arm[ xdefa0?avmb a'go arm[ xdefa0?

avmb a'go arm[ xdefa0?avmb a'go arm[ xdefa0?

avmb a'go arm[ xdefa0?

þrD;oHk;yg; BuD;rm;yav?þrD;oHk;yg; BuD;rm;yav?

þrD;oHk;yg; BuD;rm;yav?þrD;oHk;yg; BuD;rm;yav?

þrD;oHk;yg; BuD;rm;yav?

edAedA

edAedA

edA ÁÁ ÁÁ Ámefa&mufaMumif; olawmfaumif;w&m;awG?mefa&mufaMumif; olawmfaumif;w&m;awG?

mefa&mufaMumif; olawmfaumif;w&m;awG?mefa&mufaMumif; olawmfaumif;w&m;awG?

mefa&mufaMumif; olawmfaumif;w&m;awG?

urÇmwnforQ xGef;yEdkifygap/urÇmwnforQ xGef;yEdkifygap/

urÇmwnforQ xGef;yEdkifygap/urÇmwnforQ xGef;yEdkifygap/

urÇmwnforQ xGef;yEdkifygap/

ed*H k;ed*H k;

ed*H k;ed*H k;

ed*H k;

tm;vHk;aom a,m*Dolawmfpiftaygif;wkdYtm; þuJhodkY "r®a'oem pOftm;jzifh a[mazmfnTefMum;&wJh

"r®'ge aumif;rIukodkvfuH apwemESifh wuG xdkw&m;a'oemawmfrsm;udk ½dkaopGmjzifh emcHrSwfom;&wJhaumif;rI

taygif;pkwdkYaMumifh w&m;a[m w&m;em tm;vHk;aom olawmfaumif; taygif;wdkYESifhwuG tm;vHk;aom bk&m;'um

bk&m;trawG? ausmif;'um ausmif;tr? &[ef;'um &[ef;tr? qGrf;'um qGrf;tr? a&'um? a&tr rD;'um

rD;tr? ,mOf'um ,mOftr? aq;'um aq;tr a0,sm0pö aqmif&GufwJh yk*¾dKvfrusef qufpyforQukefaom

ckepf&uf om;orD;taygif; wdkYrSm 'kAÇdu©EÅ&uyf a&m*EÅ&uyf owåEÅ&uyfqdkwJh uyfqdk; ab;qdk; &eftrsdK;rsdK;wdkYrS

uif;pifyaysmuf vGwfajrmufMuNyD;í pdwfcsrf;om udk,fcsrf;ompGmeJU omoemhtusdK; bmomtusdK; ow å0gtusdK;

wdkif;usdK; jynfusdK; qxufxrf;ydk; xrf;&GufEdkifwJh omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfxl; yk*¾dKvfjrwfawG jzpfMuNyD; r*fÓmPf

zdkvfÓmPf edAÁmefudk vsifjrefpGm rsufarSmufjyKEdkifMuygap [laom yw ¬emqkjyKí 0rf;ajrmufEkarmf om"kom

NrdKifNrdKifac:vdkufMu ayawmh ---- /



( om"k --- om"k --- om"k )

y#dpöorkyÜg'fjzwfvrf; NyD;\/

1366 ckESpf? uqkefvjynfhausmf (10)&uf? Mumoyaw;aeU/( 13.5.2004 )

Aung San Saya Taw

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