Aula 3 (19Out2016)
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Transcript of Aula 3 (19Out2016)
1863 - National Academyof Sciences, US
1950 – NSF, US
1850
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1958 – NASA, US
1954 – CERN, Europe
1945 – Vannevar Bush
1942/46 – Manhattan Project, US
1957 – Sputnik, USSR
1969 – Man on the Moon, US
1973 – Oil crisis
1949 – NATO
1989 – Fall of Berlin Wall
1959/75 – Vietnam war, US
1950/53 – Korea war, US
2003 – Iraq war, US
1955 – Warsow Pact
WW II
WW I
1958 – EEC, Europe1961 – OECD
1945 – UN
1974 – 25 Abril
1911– Universidades
1933 – Estado Novo
1910 – República
1936 – Instituto para a Alta Cultura/Estação Agronómica Nacional
1967 – JNICT
1997 – FCT 1995 – MCT
1976 – INIC – 1992
2002 – MCES
1905 – Annus mirabilis Einstein
1963 – Frascati Manual
1995 – Oslo Manual
2000 – Human genome
1992 – World Wide Web
1985 – PCR
2001 – 9/11, US2010 – Synthetic bacteria
1997 – Dolly clone
1953 – Double helix DNA
1964 – Quarks
1948 – QED1947 – Transistor
1934 – Neutron
1859 – Evolution theory
1949 – Nobel Egas Moniz
1986 – Adesão CEE1989 – QCA I
1992 – Cimeira do Rio
Ciência/PolíticaFomento
Ciência/EngenhariaPlaneamento
Ciência/GestãoDesenvolvimento
Ciência/EconomiaGlobalização
Ciência/SociedadeProspectiva
1850
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
[1660 - Royal Society, UK] [1779 - Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, PT][1810 - Humboldt
University of Berlin]
1948 – OECE
1954 – JEN
1929 – Junta de Educação Nacional
1961 – IGC
1947 – Plano Marshall
A belief may be larger than a fact.
Science – the Endless Frontier, 1945http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/nsf50/vbush1945.htm
THE LID MUST BE LIFTED
While most of the war research has involved the application of
existing scientific knowledge to the problems of war, rather than
basic research, there has been accumulated a vast amount of
information relating to the application of science to particular
problems. Much of this can be used by industry.
Science – the Endless Frontier, 1945
A PROGRAM FOR ACTION
The Government should accept new responsibilities for promoting the
flow of new scientific knowledge and the development of scientific talent
in our youth. These responsibilities are the proper concern of the
Government, for they vitally affect our health, our jobs, and our national
security. It is in keeping also with basic United States policy that the
Government should foster the opening of new frontiers and this is
the modern way to do it. For many years the Government has wisely
supported research in the agricultural colleges and the benefits have
been great. The time has come when such support should be extended
to other fields.
Science – the Endless Frontier, 1945
Early action on these recommendations is imperative
if this nation is to meet the challenge of science in
the crucial years ahead. On the wisdom with which
we bring science to bear in the war against disease,
in the creation of new industries, and in the
strengthening of our Armed Forces depends in large
measure our future as a nation.
Science – the Endless Frontier, 1945